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action_n of_o he_o in_o writing_n as_o don_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n as_o also_o according_a to_o
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of_o england_n and_o except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n the_o excellent_a prince_n mounseur_fw-fr albert_n king_n of_o almaign_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o almaign_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr john_n earl_n of_o henault_n in_o henault_n and_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o counsel_n nor_o aid_v where_o the_o other_o may_v lose_v life_n member_n estate_n or_o honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n who_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v depute_v by_o his_o aforesaid_a lord_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o fleming_n do_v after_o the_o say_a league_n make_v and_o confirm_v against_o the_o tenor_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o wrongful_o assume_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n of_o england_n above_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n by_o commission_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o place_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n with_o their_o good_n and_o commit_v they_o so_o take_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o deliver_v their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n to_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n by_o he_o depute_v in_o the_o port_n of_o his_o say_a kingdom_n as_o forfeit_v and_o due_a unto_o he_o to_o remain_v at_o his_o judgement_n and_o award_n and_o the_o take_n and_o detain_v of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o say_a good_n as_o also_o his_o say_a judgement_n &_o award_n for_o the_o forfeiture_n &_o acquest_n of_o they_o he_o have_v justify_v before_o you_o lord_n auditor_n in_o write_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o say_a commission_n of_o admiralty_n aforesaid_a by_o he_o usurp_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o during_o a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n general_o make_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o right_a of_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o league_n aforesaid_a which_o contain_n the_o word_n above-written_a require_v that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n &_o noble_n &_o other_o abovementioned_a wherefore_o the_o say_a procurator_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o say_a lord_n do_v pray_v your_o lordship_n auditor_n that_o you_o will_v cause_v due_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o take_v and_o detain_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o same_o of_o right_n appertain_v as_o be_v before_o express_v so_o that_o without_o disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o 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thing_n in_o a_o manner_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o a_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n no_o mean_a man_n in_o a_o letter_n that_o he_o write_v some_o year_n since_o to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o in_o england_n his_o name_n be_v gudbrandus_fw-la thorlacius_n bishop_n of_o hola_n in_o island_n who_o in_o a_o letter_n 590._o send_v hither_o anno_fw-la mdxcv_o to_o hugh_n branham_n pastor_n of_o harwich_n call_v the_o britain_n almost_o lord_n there_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o report_n now_o at_o this_o day_n that_o you_o of_o britain_n who_o i_o have_v almost_o call_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v negotiation_n every_o year_n in_o groenland_n but_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n deny_v it_o here_o and_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n which_o belong_v to_o island_n they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o as_o they_o be_v king_n of_o norway_n and_o that_o by_o ancient_a right_n if_o not_o unjust_o pretend_v to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o passage_n which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o speech_n of_o the_o ambassador_n of_o erricus_n the_o ten_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n deliver_v unto_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o which_o run_v to_o this_o effect_n cottoniavae_fw-la most_o victorious_a king_n of_o england_n may_v it_o plea_n your_o majesty_n to_o understand_v that_o our_o most_o gracious_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o norway_n etc._n etc._n aforesaid_a have_v certain_a island_n to_o wit_n island_n jeroy_n hietland_n and_o many_o more_o belong_v to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n whereunto_o of_o old_a no_o person_n be_v wont_a to_o repair_v out_o of_o other_o country_n upon_o any_o occasion_n whatsoëver_o either_o of_o fish_v or_o merchandise_v under_o peril_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n nor_o may_v the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n more_o than_o those_o of_o other_o country_n without_o special_a licence_n from_o his_o majesty_n nor_o may_v they_o after_o licence_n obtain_v set_v forth_o out_o of_o any_o other_o place_n than_o the_o city_n of_o bergen_n nor_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n but_o upon_o inevitable_a necessity_n or_o when_o they_o ought_v to_o pay_v custom_n and_o other_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n according_a to_o the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o norway_n which_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n in_o that_o kingdom_n also_o in_o the_o year_n mccccxlv_n christophor_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n holland_n grant_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o zirickzee_n in_o zealand_n a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n into_o his_o kingdom_n island_n and_o other_o isle_n be_v except_v and_o prohibit_v which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o grant_n moreover_o out_o of_o the_o league_n make_v at_o koppenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n cottonianâ_fw-la mcdxxxii_o between_o our_o henry_n the_o sixth_o and_o the_o same_o erricus_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o hold_v a_o treaty_n at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o our_o queen_n elisabeth_n in_o the_o year_n mdc_o two_o about_o the_o free_a use_n of_o this_o sea_n allege_v this_o article_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o man_n whatsoëver_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n do_v not_o presume_v hereafter_o under_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o life_n and_o good_n to_o visit_v the_o country_n of_o island_n finmarck_n halghaland_n or_o any_o other_o prohibit_v place_n and_o unlawful_a port_n whatsoëver_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n yea_o and_o some_o year_n before_o the_o use_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v prohibit_v both_o to_o merchant_n and_o fisherman_n unless_o they_o be_v bind_v with_o merchandise_n to_o north-barn_n the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o traffic_n under_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_o whereby_o 35._o such_o a_o kind_n of_o prohibition_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o certain_a year_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n so_o that_o there_o be_v many_o letter_n patent_n afterward_o grant_v by_o etc._n our_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n of_o england_n whereby_o they_o have_v licence_n to_o go_v unto_o island_n finmark_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o sweden_n but_o that_o statute_n the_o rigour_n whereof_o be_v dispense_v with_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o such_o kind_n of_o grant_n become_v 1._o repeal_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o joannes_n mayor_n make_v mention_n of_o that_o time_n say_v 1._o a_o fleet_n of_o english_a go_v every_o year_n to_o island_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n to_o catch_v fish_n but_o what_o manner_n of_o determination_n soêver_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n yet_o certain_a it_o be_v such_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n at_o least_o be_v by_o several_a agreement_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o norway_n impose_v upon_o it_o that_o to_o this_o day_n also_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o sail_v unto_o island_n and_o of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v this_o sea_n for_o by_o a_o league_n make_v at_o koppenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n mcdxc_o betwixt_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o john_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n it_o be_v conclude_v habemus_fw-la that_o all_o merchant_n and_o liege-man_n fisherman_n and_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoëver_o be_v subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n may_v for_o ever_o in_o time_n to_o come_v sail_n free_o to_o the_o island_n tyle_n that_o be_v to_o say_v island_n for_o in_o that_o age_n it_o be_v general_o take_v for_o thule_n as_o it_o be_v now_o also_o by_o some_o thither_o to_o have_v recours_fw-fr and_o to_o enter_v with_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n and_o merchandise_n victual_n and_o any_o other_o commodity_n whatsoever_o upon_o occasion_n of_o buy_v sell_v fish_v or_o merchandise_v and_o there_o to_o abide_v and_o conver_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n and_o from_o thence_o free_o to_o return_v as_o often_o as_o they_o plea_n without_o any_o prohibition_n molestation_n or_o impediment_n of_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n or_o of_o any_o of_o our_o officer_n they_o pay_v the_o due_a right_n and_o usual_a custom_n as_o well_o in_o that_o island_n as_o also_o in_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o where_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o arrive_v provide_v always_o that_o seven_o year_n immediate_o after_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n they_o do_v petition_n to_o renew_v their_o licence_n from_o we_o and_o our_o successor_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n to_o the_o end_n that_o 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a_o perpetual_a peace_n inviolable_a friendship_n and_o firm_a concord_n in_o the_o follow_a form_n yea_o and_o that_o league_n be_v renew_v in_o the_o year_n mdxxiii_o by_o henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n and_o christiern_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o the_o same_o form_n the_o right_a therefore_o be_v perpetual_a and_o transmit_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o k._n of_o england_n that_o the_o english_a shall_v have_v a_o free_a use_n of_o this_o more_o northerly_a sea_n belong_v to_o island_n but_o frequent_a ambassy_n notwithstanding_o pass_v on_o both_o side_n about_o that_o business_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o frederick_n the_o second_o and_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o of_o elisabeth_n queen_n of_o england_n the_o dane_n allege_v that_o the_o english_a have_v no_o right_a to_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o liberty_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o that_o renew_v every_o seven_o year_n according_a to_o that_o league_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n the_o seven_o moreover_o nicolas_n craig_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n into_o england_n by_o christiern_n the_o four_o in_o the_o year_n mdxcix_o pretend_a the_o agreement_n at_o haderslabe_n in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o between_o frederick_n the_o second_o and_o queen_n elisabeth_n as_o if_o it_o have_v therein_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o this_o servitude_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o island_n establish_v by_o the_o english_a may_v be_v limit_v by_o a_o denial_n of_o licence_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o it_o be_v answer_v both_o by_o the_o lord_n at_o home_n in_o england_n as_o also_o by_o the_o queen_n commissioner_n send_v to_o bremen_n for_o the_o transact_n of_o this_o business_n that_o this_o right_a or_o sea-servitude_n be_v so_o confirm_v to_o the_o english_a as_o well_o by_o prescription_n of_o time_n as_o by_o perpetual_a agreement_n of_o league_n that_o that_o particular_a which_o occurr'_v in_o the_o agreement_n of_o king_n john_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n the_o seven_o about_o ask_v of_o licence_n do_v in_o no_o wise_n relate_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o whether_o it_o be_v deny_v or_o not_o request_v by_o petition_n that_o right_a or_o servitude_n can_v be_v diminish_v but_o to_o this_o end_n only_o that_o the_o english_a by_o a_o customary_a petition_v every_o seven_o year_n may_v acknowledge_v the_o norwegian_a right_a in_o this_o sea_n there_o be_v neither_o manner_n nor_o condition_n nor_o time_n annex_v to_o the_o servitude_n but_o it_o take_v place_n there_o only_o to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o memory_n mere_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o league_n or_o of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o servitude_n establish_v may_v be_v renew_v now_o and_o then_o by_o petition_n yea_o frederick_n the_o second_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o queen_n elisabeth_n date_v the_o four_o of_o may_n mdlxxxv_o most_o express_o disclaim'_v this_o claus_n of_o the_o league_n which_o concern_v petition_v for_o licence_n and_o true_o the_o whole_a right_n of_o the_o english_a in_o that_o sea_n be_v not_o first_o claim_v by_o they_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o league_n at_o koppenhagen_n whatever_o they_o of_o norway_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o contrary_n for_o when_o the_o ambassador_n send_v heretofore_o by_o erricus_n the_o ten_o to_o our_o henry_n the_o five_o make_v complaint_n about_o english_a man_n fish_v in_o this_o sea_n the_o king_n of_o england_n i_o suppose_v intimate_n plain_o enough_o that_o he_o have_v some_o right_n before_o in_o that_o sea_n while_o at_o that_o time_n he_o grant_v this_o only_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n that_o the_o english_a shall_v not_o otherwise_o use_v fish_v there_o for_o the_o year_n immediate_o ensue_v than_o as_o it_o have_v be_v usual_a in_o ancient_a time_n and_o this_o he_o command_v by_o public_a proclamation_n make_v in_o the_o more_o eminent_a port_n and_o city_n the_o time_n limit_v and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o fish_v do_v plain_o import_v some_o former_a right_n but_o here_o i_o give_v you_o the_o form_n of_o the_o proclamation_n dorsâ_n it_o be_v require_v that_o none_o of_o the_o liege_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n for_o certain_a cause_n special_o move_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v for_o one_o year_n next_o ensue_v presume_v to_o go_v unto_o the_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o especial_o towards_o the_o iste_fw-la of_o island_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o fish_v or_o any_o other_o occasion_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a kingdom_n otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v wont_v in_o ancient_a time_n it_o appear_v also_o by_o parlamentarie_a 33._o record_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n that_o the_o english_a use_v fish_v in_o that_o sea_n very_o many_o year_n before_o but_o that_o league_n make_v at_o haderslabe_n pretend_v before_o by_o craig_n do_v not_o relate_v unto_o fish_v either_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o island_n or_o in_o this_o of_o norway_n but_o to_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchandise_n use_v then_o by_o our_o merchant_n of_o the_o moscovie-companie_n for_o this_o only_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o that_o company_n be_v constrain_v by_o tempest_n or_o otherwise_o may_v free_o have_v access_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o port_n both_o of_o island_n and_o norway_n but_o with_o this_o reserv_v that_o they_o do_v not_o in_o any_o kind_a traffic_n and_o use_v mercbandise_n in_o the_o port_n of_o norway_n or_o island_n before_o prohibit_v nor_o molest_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o say_a place_n in_o any_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n and_o that_o they_o whole_o abstain_v from_o all_o manner_n of_o injury_n which_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o that_o answer_n which_o be_v give_v to_o craig_n by_o the_o peer_n of_o england_n but_o all_o thing_n be_v clear_o explain_v about_o this_o business_n and_o that_o right_a of_o the_o english_a defend_v at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n send_v by_o queen_n elisabeth_n to_o christiern_n the_o four_o bear_v date_n cal._n septembris_fw-la anno_fw-la mdxcix_o so_o much_o whereof_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a i_o think_v meet_v to_o insert_v at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n your_o highness_n father_n we_o send_v say_v the_o queen_n letter_n a_o ambassador_n into_o germany_n anno_fw-la mdlxxvii_o who_o treat_v with_o his_o commissioner_n about_o all_o matter_n in_o controversy_n and_o especial_o about_o the_o fish_n of_o island_n and_o norway_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n insist_v only_o upon_o a_o former_a treaty_n of_o two_o year_n r._n truce_n wherein_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n agree_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v not_o sail_v beyond_o hagaland_n but_o there_o be_v several_a treaty_n with_o the_o king_n john_n and_o christiern_n allege_v on_o our_o part_n wherein_o all_o former_a controversy_n be_v compose_v it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v and_o conclude_v and_o both_o party_n be_v to_o stand_v to_o this_o treaty_n of_o general_a peace_n make_v afterward_o not_o to_o the_o precede_a two_o year_n truce_n which_o the_o most_o excellent_a prince_n your_o father_n acknowledge_v desire_v by_o his_o letter_n that_o that_o controversy_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o another_o disquisition_n but_o since_o that_o time_n no_o such_o disquisition_n have_v be_v make_v nevertheless_o we_o understand_v that_o our_o subject_n fish_v have_v be_v take_v torment_v and_o handle_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n whether_o this_o be_v just_o do_v all_o man_n will_v be_v able_a to_o judge_n who_o shall_v weigh_v our_o reason_n with_o a_o impartial_a mind_n we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n whitfeld_n and_o de_fw-fr barnico_n when_o 1597._o they_o come_v unto_o we_o do_v in_o word_n pretend_v that_o the_o fish_n of_o island_n and_o norway_n be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a contrary_a to_o the_o league_n and_o agreement_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o see_v they_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v produce_v any_o proof_n and_o we_o have_v authentic_a evidence_n attest_v by_o the_o king_n john_n and_o christiern_n to_o the_o contrary_a whereto_o more_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v than_o to_o bare_a allegation_n the_o matter_n be_v put_v off_o to_o another_o time_n it_o be_v answer_v also_o too_o d_o r_o craig_n that_o the_o transaction_n which_o be_v conclude_v with_o king_n frederick_n at_o haderslabe_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mdlxxxiii_o belong_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o this_o business_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o letter_n speak_v thus_o but_o that_o which_o be_v pretend_v from_o the_o treaty_n with_o king_n john_n the_o aforesaid_a treaty_n at_o koppenhagen_n that_o licens_fw-la for_o fish_v aught_o
he_o free_v the_o sea-coast_n from_o pirate_n and_o restore_v the_o dominion_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n moreover_o as_o touch_v the_o vast_a sea-dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n dionysius_n halicarnass_n say_v 1._o rome_n be_v lady_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n not_o only_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v within_o hercules_n pillar_n but_o also_o of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v navigable_a this_o be_v indeed_o a_o hyperbole_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o clear_a testimony_n of_o a_o very_a large_a sea-dominion_n as_o also_o that_o of_o praefatione_fw-la appianus_n alexandrinus_n the_o roman_n say_v he_o hold_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a mediterranean_n sea_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o true_o that_o expression_n of_o a_o very_a etc._n eminent_a man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v of_o example_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o they_o do_v not_o prove_v a_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o right_n of_o navigation_n for_o as_o particular_a private_a man_n so_o also_o people_n and_o nation_n may_v be_v league_n and_o agreement_n not_o only_o quit_v that_o right_n which_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o that_o also_o which_o they_o hold_v in_o common_a with_o all_o man_n in_o favour_n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o any_o one_o who_o it_o concern_v and_o for_o this_o he_o referr'_v himself_o unto_o ulpian_n who_o will_v have_v that_o cessation_n of_o fish_v for_o tunies_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o which_o more_o proximo_fw-la hereafter_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n not_o from_o any_o vassalage_n impose_v upon_o the_o sea_n sure_o by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o distinction_n whereof_o ulpian_n be_v indeed_o the_o author_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v either_o of_o dominion_n or_o vassalage_n as_o we_o call_v it_o of_o every_o kind_n if_o to_o occupy_v and_o enjoy_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n by_o right_a to_o hinder_v and_o forbid_v other_o be_v not_o dominion_n it_o be_v nothing_o moreover_o cassandra_n in_o lycophron_n prophesy_v that_o the_o people_n in_o rome_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o dominion_n where_o she_o attribute_n to_o they_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d the_o sceptre_n and_o monarchy_n both_o of_o land_n and_o sea_n hereunto_o belong_v those_o thing_n above_o mention_v touch_v the_o command_n of_o pompey_n hold_v by_o commission_n from_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o also_o those_o other_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o now_o and_o then_o among_o writer_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n suetonlus_n say_v of_o augustus_n cesar_n 49._o haet_v place_v one_o navy_n at_o mesinum_n and_o another_o at_o ravenna_n to_o guard_v the_o upper_a and_o low_a sea_n but_o encomio_fw-la aristides_n say_v this_o dominion_n be_v not_o limit_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o certain_a bound_n as_o of_o old_a ãâã_d the_o athenian_n but_o that_o it_o encompass_v their_o empire_n round_o like_o a_o girdle_n and_o themistius_n speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o elder_a say_v 5._o what_o will_v you_o say_v of_o he_o who_o be_v emperor_n or_o ruler_n of_o almost_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o sea_n in_o like_a manner_n procopius_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o statue_n of_o a_o roman_a emperor_n hold_v a_o city_n in_o his_o left_a hand_n say_v that_o the_o statuarie_n meaning_n be_v augustaeo_n that_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o as_o well_o as_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v nicephorus_n callistus_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o ecclesiastical_a history_n and_o 1._o julius_n firmicus_n speak_v of_o such_o person_n who_o have_v in_o the_o scheme_n of_o their_o nativity_n the_o moon_n increase_a in_o the_o thirty_o degree_n of_o taurus_n fortify_v with_o a_o friendly_a aspect_n of_o jupiter_n say_v they_o shall_v possess_v the_o dominion_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n whithersoëver_o they_o lead_v a_o army_n oppianus_n say_v to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n 3._o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d under_o thy_o law_n or_o sceptre_n the_o sea_n role_n and_o fish_n swim_v throughout_o thy_o sea_n in_o shoal_n and_o venus_n to_o jupiter_n concern_v the_o future_a empire_n of_o the_o roman_n 1._o certè_fw-la hinc_fw-la romanos_fw-la olim_fw-la volventibus_fw-la annis_fw-la hinc_fw-la fore_fw-la ductores_fw-la renovato_fw-la sanguine_fw-la teucri_n qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la omni_fw-la ditione_n tenerent_fw-la pollicitus_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la genitor_fw-la sententia_fw-la vertit_fw-la hence_o roman_n their_o original_a shall_v take_v in_o after-year_n thou_o once_o do_v promise_n make_v and_o leader_n spring_v to_o rule_v both_o land_n and_o sea_n from_o teucer_n blood_n what_o alter_z thy_o decree_n from_o whence_o the_o same_o poet_n in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o augustus_n caesar_n 1._o a_o deus_fw-la immensi_fw-la venias_fw-la maris_fw-la ac_fw-la tua_fw-la nautae_fw-la numina_fw-la sola_fw-la colant_fw-la tibi_fw-la serviaâ_n ultima_fw-la thule_n téque_fw-la sibi_fw-la generum_fw-la tethys_n emat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la undis_fw-la may._n or_o whether_o thou_o the_o god_n will_v be_v of_o the_o vast_a sea_n and_o thule_n far_a shore_n or_o thou_o alone_o the_o sailor_n shall_v adore_v as_o thetys_n son-in-law_n with_o all_o her_o sea_n give_v for_o a_o dower_n etc._n etc._n and_o claudian_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n stilicânis_fw-la ergò_fw-la seu_fw-la patriis_fw-la primaevus_fw-la manibus_fw-la ultor_fw-la subderet_fw-la hispanum_n legibus_fw-la oceanum_n then_o whether_o in_o revenge_n to_o his_o father_n ghost_n he_o quell_v the_o sea_n upon_o the_o spanish_a coast._n or_o what_o other_o business_n soêver_o he_o do_v ennius_n be_v still_o at_o his_o elbow_n in_o like_a manner_n constantinus_n monomachus_n be_v by_z john_n bishop_n of_o euchaïta_n in_o his_o iambic_n call_v indeed_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n but_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d lord_n and_o absolute_a sovereign_a both_o of_o land_n and_o sea_n as_o also_o the_o emperor_n leo_n by_o varadatus_fw-la 1618._o terrae_fw-la marisque_fw-la dominus_fw-la lord_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n so_o that_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o constantinople_n which_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a the_o aegean_a sea_n itself_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o province_n no_o otherwise_o than_o samos_n cyprus_n or_o other_o island_n or_o territory_n of_o any_o kind_a whatsoëver_n this_o appear_v out_o of_o 17._o constantinus_n porphyrogennetus_n his_o themata_fw-la where_o also_o the_o hellespont_n be_v express_o assign_v to_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n together_o with_o the_o territory_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o true_o the_o custom_n out_o of_o this_o sea_n be_v very_o great_a only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o fish_v sometime_o ten_o sometime_o twelv_v thousand_o crown_n be_v collect_v out_o of_o it_o yearly_o we_o learn_v this_o also_o out_o of_o a_o decree_n whereby_o andronicus_n palaeologus_n one_o that_o keep_v the_o state_n of_o a_o emperor_n but_o live_v a_o chamber_a idle_a life_n within_o his_o palace_n have_v for_o the_o victual_v of_o himself_o and_o his_o retinue_n the_o yearly_a profit_n of_o the_o fish_n before_o constantinople_n wont_a to_o bâe_v value_v at_o that_o time_n at_o ten_o thousand_o crown_n as_o say_v â_o nicephorus_n gregoras_n the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o call_v topiaticum_n 72._o topicum_fw-la it_o be_v name_v also_o piscinica_n and_o topice_n moreover_o in_o the_o servey_n or_o breviarie_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o east_n only_o three_o province_n be_v reckon_v under_o the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n after_o this_o manner_n these_o province_n under-written_a be_v under_o the_o charge_n of_o that_o eminent_a person_n the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n asia_n the_o isle_n hellespont_n their_o tower_a diadem_n equal_a stature_n majesty_n and_o wealth_n not_o differ_v at_o all_o seem_v to_o point_v out_o such_o a_o equality_n that_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v appear_v by_o this_o form_n of_o description_n to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o another_o and_o so_o that_o hellespont_n can_v in_o that_o place_n be_v any_o other_o than_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o which_o be_v thus_o join_v with_o the_o isle_n to_o the_o proconsulship_n of_o asia_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o same_o account_n of_o dominion_n the_o province_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n become_v in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr either_o continual_a or_o contiguous_a yea_o when_o there_o be_v no_o such_o distinction_n of_o province_n the_o adjacent_a isle_n and_o the_o sea_n itself_o make_v one_o entire_a provincial_a body_n also_o with_o the_o continent_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o isle_n of_o italy_n be_v 15._o part_n of_o italy_n as_o also_o of_o every_o province_n and_o such_o as_o be_v divide_v from_o italy_n by_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o sicily_n they_o signif_n be_v to_o be_v
also_o his_o seaman_n to_o keep_v all_o relief_n of_o victual_n from_o go_v to_o the_o enemy_n by_o sea_n he_o use_v the_o word_n pirate_n in_o this_o place_n as_o other_o of_o that_o age_n have_v do_v not_o for_o robber_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v but_o for_o such_o as_o be_v skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n be_v appoint_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o enemie_n fleet_n and_o defend_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n touch_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n the_o old_a scholiast_n upon_o sophocles_n his_o aiax_n say_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v pira_fw-la in_o the_o attic_a tongue_n signifie'_v craft_n or_o art_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v call_v pirate_n which_o infest_v the_o sea_n but_o when_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n alfred_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o struggle_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n in_o england_n for_o gurmundus_fw-la or_o guthrunus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v at_o that_o time_n settle_v in_o northumberland_n as_o a_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n to_o alfred_n and_o have_v very_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o east-part_n of_o england_n their_o fight_v be_v most_o by_o sea_n as_o if_o they_o have_v both_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o which_o can_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n will_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n become_v lord_n also_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o it_o for_o this_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o the_o dane_n grow_v strong_a at_o sea_n k._n alfred_n mighty_o augment_v his_o naval_a force_n by_o build_v ship_n twice_o as_o long_o as_o the_o danish_a ship_n deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o rock_v or_o roll_v and_o so_o much_o more_o convenient_a for_o sea-fights_a florentius_n the_o monk_n say_v in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mcccxcvii_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pagan_n reside_v in_o east-england_n and_o northumberland_n use_v piracie_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n do_v grievous_o infest_v the_o west-saxon's_a country_n with_o very_o long_a and_o nimble_a ship_n which_o they_o have_v build_v divers_a year_n before_o against_o who_o ship_n be_v build_v by_o the_o command_n of_o k._n alfred_n twice_o as_o long_o deep_a nimble_a and_o less_o wave_a or_o roll_v by_o who_o force_n he_o may_v subdue_v the_o aforesaid_a ship_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v relate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o word_n by_o roger_n hoveden_n but_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n speak_v express_o of_o the_o number_n of_o oar_n that_o serve_v for_o the_o row_v of_o these_o ship_n of_o alfred_n say_v king_n alfred_n cause_v long_a ship_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a to_o wit_n of_o 40_o oar_n or_o more_o against_o the_o danish_a ship_n but_o there_o be_v 897._o chronicle_n write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n that_o speak_v of_o ship_n of_o 60_o oar_n and_o large_a build_v by_o he_o at_o that_o time_n out_o of_o which_o these_o writer_n abovementioned_a and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a sort_n have_v compile_v they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o chronicle_n be_v these_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n alfred_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o long_a ship_n to_o encounter_v the_o danish_a but_o they_o be_v twice_o as_o long_o as_o these_o whereof_o some_o have_v sixty_o oar_n some_o more_o they_o be_v also_o more_o nimble_a less_o roll_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o other_o not_o build_v after_o the_o frisian_a or_o danish_a manner_n but_o such_o as_o he_o conceive_v most_o convenient_a for_o fight_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o business_n of_o ship_v be_v mighty_o advance_v in_o his_o reign_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a in_o order_n to_o the_o defence_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n and_o we_o very_o often_o find_v that_o those_o sea_n fight_v manage_v by_o alfred_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v undertake_v not_o without_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n athelstan_n who_o be_v very_o strong_a at_o sea_n upon_o the_o irish_a nation_n say_v 5._o huntingdon_n and_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o ship_n there_o fall_v a_o fatal_a destruction_n the_o english-saxon_a word_n in_o the_o ancient_a chronicle_n from_o whence_o huntingdon_n translate_v those_o and_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o these_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o full_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o scot_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n often_o take_v for_o the_o irish._n he_o also_o say_v the_o same_o author_n lead_v a_o huge_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n into_o northumberland_n and_o scotland_n and_o in_o regard_n there_o be_v none_o appear_v to_o make_v any_o opposition_n be_v march_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n and_o waste_v it_o at_o pleasure_n return_v with_o triumph_n whereupon_o say_v a_o 6._o poet_n of_o that_o time_n jam_fw-la cubat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la fera_fw-fr barbary_n aquilonis_fw-la jam_fw-la iaceo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it pelago_fw-la pirata_fw-la relicto_fw-la illicitas_fw-la toruásque_fw-la minas_fw-la analavus_n anhelans_fw-la now_o be_v the_o wild_a and_o barbarous_a north_n bring_v down_o now_o analave_n the_o pirate_n be_v overthrow_v who_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n on_o land_n do_v lie_v and_o spiteful_a threat_n breath_n out_n against_o the_o sky_n this_o analavus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o 938._o irish_a and_o of_o many_o island_n who_o invade_v the_o coast_n of_o athelstan_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o dcxv_o ship_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n humber_n receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n and_o be_v put_v to_o a_o most_o shameful_a flight_n but_o king_n edgar_n as_o say_v 937._o florentius_n of_o worcester_n sail_v about_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n with_o a_o great_a navy_n arrive_v at_o chester_n where_o his_o eight_o petty_a king_n meet_v he_o as_o he_o have_v give_v order_n who_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v assist_v he_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n or_o as_o 5._o huntingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n they_o all_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o declare_v themselves_o ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n among_o these_o petty_a king_n there_o be_v one_o maccusius_fw-la who_o hoveden_n and_o florentius_n call_v a_o king_n of_o very_a many_o island_n and_o florilegus_n a_o king_n of_o man_n and_o very_o many_o island_n william_n of_o malmsburie_n call_v he_o a_o arch_a pirate_n moreover_o the_o same_o king_n edgar_n as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o splendour_n magnificence_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o epitome_n of_o his_o whole_a empire_n in_o sea-affair_n and_o ship_n do_v as_o say_v florentius_n and_o hoveden_n during_o his_o abode_n at_o chester_n enter_v into_o a_o boat_n wherein_o he_o be_v row_v by_o those_o petty_a king_n himself_z holding_z the_o stern_a and_o steer_v it_o about_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o be_v attend_v by_o all_o his_o duke_n and_o peer_n in_o such_o another_o vessel_n be_v sail_v from_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n where_o a_o oration_n be_v make_v to_o he_o he_o return_v in_o the_o same_o pomp_n unto_o the_o palace_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n whereof_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v to_o his_o lord_n that_o then_o his_o successor_n may_v boast_v themselves_o king_n of_o england_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o attend_v by_o so_o many_o king_n and_o enjoy_v the_o state_n and_o glory_n of_o such_o honour_n or_o as_o malmsburie_n write_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n when_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n of_o honour_n so_o many_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o be_v ready_a always_o to_o assist_v with_o their_o force_n whensoëver_o they_o shall_v be_v require_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n there_o be_v also_o a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o the_o same_o florentius_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n how_o that_o this_o king_n sail_v round_o about_o his_o sea_n every_o year_n and_o secure_v it_o with_o a_o constant_a guard_n and_o forces_n every_o summer_n say_v malmsburie_n immediate_o after_o easter_n be_v command_v his_o ship_n upon_o every_o shore_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o body_n sail_v usual_o with_o the_o eastern_a fleet_n to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o then_o send_v it_o back_o he_o sail_v with_o the_o western_a fleet_n unto_o the_o northern_a and_o thence_o with_o the_o northern_a he_o return_v to_o the_o eastern_a be_v indeed_o very_o diligent_a to_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o pirate_n that_o be_v behave_v himself_o in_o this_o manful_o as_o say_v florentius_n also_o and_o hoveden_n for_o the_o
bring_v merchandise_n out_o of_o flanders_n to_o london_n or_o that_o carry_v wool_n and_o skin_n from_o any_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o admiralty_n to_o calais_n if_o a_o vessel_n be_v employ_v to_o fish_n for_o herring_n it_o pay_v the_o rate_n of_o six_o penny_n a_o week_n upon_o every_o ton._n if_o for_o other_o kind_n of_o fish_n so_o much_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v every_o three_o week_n as_o they_o who_o bring_v coal_n hither_o from_o newcastle_n pay_v it_o every_o three_o month_n but_o if_o a_o vessel_n be_v bind_v for_o prussia_n norway_n scone_n or_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n it_o pay_v a_o particular_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o freight_n and_o if_o any_o be_v unwilling_a it_o be_v lawful_a to_o compel_v they_o to_o pay_v that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v certain_a officer_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o exact_v it_o have_v the_o command_n of_o six_o ship_n man_n of_o war_n for_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o protection_n but_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o here_o faithful_o set_v down_o out_o of_o the_o scheduld_a original_a in_o the_o same_o language_n it_o be_v write_v that_o be_v the_o norman_a language_n of_o that_o time_n c'est_fw-fr l'ordinance_n &_o granté_fw-fr per_fw-la l'aduis_fw-la des_fw-fr marchaunds_n de_fw-fr londres_n &_o des_fw-fr autres_fw-fr marchaund_n vers_fw-la la_fw-fr north_n per_fw-la âossent_fw-la de_fw-fr touz_v les_fw-fr commune_v de_fw-fr parliament_n par_fw-fr devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr comte_n de_fw-fr northomberland_n &_o le_fw-fr meaire_fw-fr de_fw-fr londres_n pâr_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_fw-fr &_o tuition_n du_fw-fr mire_n &_o coster_v del_o admiralté_fw-fr de_fw-fr north_n ove_fw-la deux_fw-fr nief_n deux_fw-fr bargis_n &_o deux_fw-fr ballingers_n armez_fw-fr &_o arraiez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr les_fw-fr coustagis_fw-la que_fw-fr s'ensuient_fw-fr primerement_n pour_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr nief_n &_o craier_n the_o quele_n portage_n q'il_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr pass_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mire_n dedeinz_fw-fr le_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr alant_fw-la &_o returnant_a pur_fw-mi la_fw-fr voyage_n de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr tonnetight_n vi_o d._n horspris_fw-fr niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la vin_n &_o niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la merchandise_n en_fw-fr flanders_n qe_fw-fr serront_fw-fr frettez_fw-fr &_o dischargez_fw-fr à _fw-fr londres_n &_o niefs_fw-mi chargez_fw-fr ove_fw-la leyne_n &_o peve_v a_o londres_n ou_fw-fr ailleurs_fw-fr dedeinz_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n admiralté_fw-fr que_fw-fr serront_fw-fr dischargez_fw-fr à _fw-fr caleis_fw-la les_fw-fr quieux_fw-fr nief_n les_fw-fr garden_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dicte_n mire_n ne_fw-fr serront_fw-fr tenuz_fw-fr de_fw-fr les_fw-fr conduire_n sans_fw-fr estre_fw-fr allovez_fw-fr item_n de_fw-fr prendre_fw-fr de_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr vesseau_fw-fr pessoner_n qe_fw-mi pessent_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dit_fw-fr 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