enterprise_v any_o journey_n of_o reputation_n but_o that_o against_o the_o theutomarsi_n upon_o who_o king_n valdemar_n lay_v the_o yoke_n of_o subjection_n but_o fall_v again_o into_o rebellion_n after_o many_o chance_n of_o war_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1500._o they_o be_v utter_o vanquish_v by_o frederick_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1558._o before_o that_o time_n they_o discomfit_v john_n the_o son_n of_o king_n christian_n the_o first_o what_o this_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v able_a to_o perform_v at_o sea_n may_v be_v gather_v by_o the_o name_n which_o upon_o occasion_n he_o have_v rig_v to_o sea_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n christian_n the_o second_o send_v a_o navy_n of_o 100_o ship_n into_o scotland_n against_o the_o english_a and_o in_o they_o ten_o thousand_o land_n soldier_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o so_o ample_a a_o sea_n coast_n &_o possess_v so_o many_o haven_n in_o denmark_n scaâ—â—a_n norwey_n and_o so_o many_o land_n without_o the_o baltike_a sea_n it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o assemble_v a_o mighty_a fleet_n of_o ship_n if_o money_n be_v not_o want_v which_o as_o i_o take_v it_o can_v but_o often_o fail_v he_o consider_v that_o in_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n there_o be_v grow_v no_o merchandise_n of_o value_n except_v seafish_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o famous_a mart_n town_n which_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v or_o long_o to_o maintain_v traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n the_o great_a matter_n be_v his_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n town_n the_o profit_n of_o certain_a mine_n in_o scania_n the_o horse_n &_o cattle_n of_o the_o danish_a chersonesse_n the_o timber_n and_o fish_n of_o norwey_n and_o the_o land_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o fifty_o thousand_o ox_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o these_o province_n into_o germany_n for_o which_o toll_n have_v be_v pay_v at_o gutthorpe_n he_o reap_v some_o profit_n likewise_o of_o wardhouse_n whither_o the_o english_a of_o late_a year_n have_v sail_v between_o norwey_n and_o groenlant_a some_o to_o colmogro_n other_o to_o stockholme_n not_o far_o from_o s._n nicholas_n where_o they_o traffic_n with_o the_o russy_n for_o wax_n honey_n and_o flax_n thither_o resort_v likewise_o hollander_n scot_n and_o frenchman_n almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o bay_n be_v a_o island_n and_o town_n call_v wardhuis_n which_o frederick_n the_o second_o cause_v to_o be_v strong_o fortify_v and_o here_o the_o merchant_n pay_v their_o custom_n sweveland_n the_o king_n of_o sweveland_n reign_v in_o scandia_n which_o be_v large_a than_o denmark_n for_o it_o be_v account_v a_o journey_n of_o five_o and_o forty_o day_n from_o the_o border_n of_o scandia_n to_o lapland_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v little_o less_o than_o 400._o mile_n long_o and_o his_o tract_n of_o land_n be_v esteem_v large_a than_o france_n and_o italy_n in_o livonia_n this_o king_n possess_v rivalia_n the_o narue_v danovia_n and_o other_o piece_n of_o good_a esteem_n the_o island_n vlander_n alande_n and_o many_o other_o place_n not_o worthy_a speak_v of_o situate_v in_o the_o swevian_a and_o finland_n sea_n these_o region_n beside_o livonia_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o kingdom_n gotland_n sweveland_n and_o vandalia_n which_o again_o be_v subdivide_v into_o eleven_o province_n and_o twelve_o county_n among_o the_o which_o the_o lappian_o be_v not_o account_v because_o this_o people_n though_o inhabit_v a_o large_a country_n than_o sweveland_n can_v be_v term_v to_o live_v under_o any_o certain_a dominion_n because_o of_o their_o misery_n poverty_n and_o wander_v from_o place_n to_o place_n through_o wood_n and_o mountain_n but_o they_o who_o have_v any_o manner_n of_o certain_a abode_n or_o settle_a habitation_n be_v under_o the_o swevish_a dominion_n and_o pay_v rich_a skin_n for_o their_o tribute_n of_o the_o three_o kingdom_n whereof_o we_o speak_v gotland_n border_v upon_o scandia_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o east_n and_o west_n both_o bound_v with_o the_o lake_n weret_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o the_o king_n delight_v in_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o place_n keep_v his_o court_n twenty_o four_o river_n do_v run_v into_o this_o lake_n yet_o it_o empty_v itself_o but_o by_o one_o mouth_n the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o excessive_a noise_n of_o the_o water_n call_v it_o in_o their_o tongue_n the_o devil_n head_n the_o word_n gothia_n signify_v a_o heavenly_a country_n which_o do_v well_o agree_v thereto_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o sustenance_n no_o region_n be_v comparable_a unto_o it_o in_o fertility_n of_o flesh_n fish_n and_o corn_n next_o follow_v sweveland_n large_a than_o norwey_n and_o gotland_n both_o together_o in_o sweveland_n be_v vpsalia_n their_o chief_a city_n and_o stockholme_n the_o king_n seat_n stringa_n enuecopia_n orogundia_n arboia_n arosia_n then_o come_v finland_n situate_a between_o the_o baltic_a and_o finland_n bay_n where_o stand_v abo_n the_o chief_a city_n raugina_fw-la and_o augo_n both_o famous_a mart_n town_n vame_n viburge_n and_o castlehome_n in_o the_o alandian_a land_n the_o husbandman_n inhabit_v without_o the_o town_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o timber_n the_o wood_n valley_n and_o other_o place_n defend_v from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o northern_a wind_n they_o live_v here_o in_o very_o good_a sort_n keep_v in_o their_o house_n flock_n of_o cattle_n and_o instrument_n to_o dig_v to_o build_v or_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o town_n here_o be_v neither_o so_o fair_a nor_o so_o frequent_a as_o in_o germany_n or_o england_n over_o and_o above_o city_n and_o village_n there_o be_v account_v 1433._o parish_n in_o some_o of_o which_o a_o thousand_o people_n or_o as_o they_o term_v it_o a_o thousand_o household_n or_o fire_n do_v inhabit_v but_o there_o be_v few_o of_o these_o parish_n in_o which_o at_o the_o least_o there_o be_v not_o a_o hundred_o family_n by_o this_o a_o man_n may_v judge_v the_o number_n of_o this_o people_n especial_o if_o he_o consider_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o their_o generation_n for_o the_o woman_n of_o finland_n by_o a_o secret_a operation_n of_o their_o beer_n as_o some_o think_v become_v exceed_v fruitful_a the_o man_n live_v here_o very_o long_o chief_o in_o the_o most_o northerly_a part_n neither_o be_v it_o miraculous_a among_o they_o to_o see_v a_o man_n live_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n this_o long_a live_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o propagation_n for_o where_o man_n live_v short_a life_n there_o the_o virtue_n of_o generation_n must_v needs_o soon_o decay_v and_o therefore_o our_o lord_n god_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n do_v permit_v mankind_n to_o live_v seven_o hundred_o year_n and_o more_o that_o the_o world_n may_v the_o soon_o be_v people_v and_o the_o act_n of_o generation_n which_o now_o for_o the_o shortness_n of_o our_o life_n be_v determine_v within_o forty_o year_n be_v then_o more_o vigorous_a at_o one_o hundred_o and_o upward_o then_o in_o this_o our_o age_n at_o ten_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o kingdom_n consist_v in_o the_o plenty_n of_o victual_n which_o this_o word_n gothia_n signify_v a_o heavenly_a region_n as_o we_o say_v before_o and_o finland_n signify_v a_o good_a country_n do_v well_o witness_v their_o provision_n be_v flesh_n fresh_a fish_n salt_n fish_n fish_v dry_v in_o the_o smoke_n and_o sun_n corn_n and_o beer_n whereof_o there_o be_v so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o see_v a_o beggar_n among_o they_o and_o traveller_n be_v there_o free_o entertain_v it_o be_v so_o rich_a in_o mine_n of_o lead_n copper_z silver_n and_o some_o gold_n that_o no_o province_n in_o europe_n may_v compare_v therewith_o and_o these_o mine_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o every_o place_n if_o the_o country_n people_n bind_v to_o carry_v wood_n to_o the_o mine_n and_o to_o other_o servile_a work_n do_v not_o hide_v and_o hinder_v the_o discovery_n thereof_o as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v most_o fine_a silver_n be_v find_v in_o the_o province_n of_o vestros_fw-la and_o more_o will_v be_v be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o though_o they_o know_v not_o the_o use_n of_o try_v of_o metal_n do_v notwithstanding_o murmur_v that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v employ_v their_o labour_n therein_o and_o this_o their_o forwardness_n towards_o stranger_n arise_v not_o of_o hatred_n but_o upon_o a_o jealousy_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v overreach_v or_o otherwise_o abuse_v by_o they_o for_o by_o nature_n they_o be_v simple_a and_o well_o meaning_n not_o give_v to_o ambition_n nor_o infect_v with_o avarice_n the_o king_n revenue_n consist_v in_o four_o thing_n
of_o their_o body_n as_o blind_a lame_a tall_a bold_a etc._n etc._n this_o king_n be_v very_o puissant_a in_o people_n of_o who_o he_o exact_v no_o other_o tribute_n than_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o lively_a hood_n for_o exercise_v and_o instead_o of_o occupation_n they_o give_v themselves_o to_o steal_v to_o slay_v their_o neighbour_n and_o to_o take_v they_o prisoner_n and_o then_o to_o barter_v they_o for_o horse_n with_o the_o merchant_n of_o barbary_n he_o have_v under_o he_o many_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n some_o white_a some_o black_a he_o be_v a_o heavy_a enemy_n to_o the_o abessine_n take_v away_o their_o cattle_n rifle_v their_o mine_n and_o lead_v away_o the_o people_n in_o captivity_n his_o horseman_n ride_v after_o the_o spanish_a manner_n arm_v with_o lance_n steel_v at_o both_o end_n dart_v and_o arrow_n but_o their_o inroad_n resemble_v rather_o robbery_n and_o garboil_n than_o war_n manage_v by_o valiant_a soldier_n the_o turk_n likewise_o on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o king_n of_o adel_n on_o the_o southeast_n do_v cruel_o vex_v he_o for_o they_o have_v curtail_v his_o large_a dominion_n and_o bring_v his_o province_n into_o great_a misery_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o the_o turk_n harry_v the_o whole_a territory_n of_o bernagasso_n but_o since_o expulse_v and_o take_v from_o prester_n john_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o upon_o that_o sea_n coast_n especial_o the_o haven_n and_o city_n of_o suaquen_n and_o erococo_fw-la in_o which_o place_n the_o mountain_n between_o abex_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n make_v a_o gate_n as_o it_o be_v for_o the_o traffic_n and_o carriage_n of_o the_o abessine_n and_o arabian_n and_o since_o that_o bernangasso_n be_v enforce_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o turkish_a command_n to_o buy_v his_o peace_n and_o in_o name_n of_o a_o tribute_n to_o pay_v one_o thousand_o ounce_n of_o gold_n yearly_o the_o king_n of_o adel_n be_v his_o no_o less_o infestious_a enemy_n he_o border_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fatigar_n and_o his_o siegniorie_n stretch_v alongst_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o assum_n salir_n meth_n barbora_n pidar_n and_o zeila_fw-la many_o ship_n come_v from_o aden_n and_o cambaia_n to_o barbora_n with_o merchandise_n which_o they_o truck_v for_o flesh_n honey_n wax_n and_o vittail_n these_o commodity_n be_v carry_v to_o aden_n gold_n ivory_n and_o such_o ware_n be_v send_v to_o cambaia_n the_o great_a part_n of_o vittail_n honey_n wax_n corn_n and_o fruit_n bring_v from_o zeila_n be_v carry_v into_o aden_n and_o arabia_n as_o likewise_o much_o cattle_n especial_o sheep_n have_v tail_n of_o 25._o pound_n weight_n with_o head_n and_o neck_n all_o black_a the_o rest_n of_o their_o body_n all_o white_a of_o these_o cattle_n there_o be_v some_o altogether_o white_a with_o turn_v crooked_a tail_n as_o long_o as_o a_o man_n arm_n and_o dewlap_n like_o ox_n some_o of_o their_o cow_n have_v horn_n with_o many_o branch_n like_o our_o dear_n othersome_a have_v one_o horn_n in_o their_o forehead_n grow_v backward_o a_o span_n and_o half_a long_a the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v arar_n 38._o league_n distant_a from_o zeila_n towards_o the_o southeast_n he_o profess_v mahumetism_n and_o since_o his_o conversion_n he_o have_v entitle_v himself_o with_o the_o surname_n of_o holy_a avow_v continual_a war_n against_o the_o abessine_n christian_n and_o therefore_o he_o watch_v the_o time_n of_o the_o foresay_a fast_o of_o fifty_o day_n when_o he_o enter_v their_o territory_n burn_v their_o village_n take_v prisoner_n and_o then_o commit_v a_o thousand_o other_o mischief_n the_o abessine_a slave_n do_v often_o leave_v their_o country_n and_o take_v upon_o they_o great_a journey_n put_v themselves_o in_o the_o service_n of_o great_a lord_n where_o many_o time_n by_o their_o industry_n and_o good_a carriage_n they_o become_v high_a commander_n in_o arabia_n cambaia_n bengala_n and_o sumatra_n for_o the_o mahometan_a prince_n be_v all_o tyrant_n &_o lord_n of_o those_o country_n which_o they_o have_v force_v from_o the_o gentile_n to_o secure_v their_o estate_n do_v never_o trust_v their_o homebred_a subject_n but_o wage_v stranger_n and_o slave_n unto_o who_o fidelity_n they_o commit_v their_o person_n and_o the_o manage_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o among_o all_o sort_n of_o slave_n the_o abessine_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n for_o his_o faithfulness_n and_o towardly_a disposition_n the_o king_n of_o adel_n overlai_v egypt_n and_o arabia_n with_o these_o slave_n which_o he_o change_v with_o the_o turk_n and_o prince_n of_o arabia_n for_o armour_n provision_n of_o war_n and_o soldier_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1500._o claud_n king_n of_o abex_n perceive_v himself_o inferior_a to_o grad-ameda_a king_n of_o adel_n for_o he_o have_v vex_v his_o land_n with_o 14._o year_n incursion_n forsake_v the_o frontier_n retire_v himself_o into_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n entreat_v for_o aid_n of_o stephen_n gama_n viceroy_n of_o india_n under_o john_n the_o three_o king_n of_o portugal_n who_o be_v then_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n with_o a_o warlike_a navy_n in_o compassion_n of_o his_o misery_n and_o religion_n he_o send_v he_o four_o hundred_o portugall-shot_a very_o well_o furnish_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o christopher_n his_o brother_n by_o their_o aid_n and_o use_v of_o their_o artillery_n he_o overthrow_v his_o enemy_n in_o two_o battle_n but_o the_o king_n of_o adel_n obtain_v of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o zebit_fw-la one_o thousand_o harquebusher_n and_o ten_o piece_n of_o ordinance_n in_o the_o three_o fight_v put_v the_o portugal_n to_o flight_n and_o slay_v their_o captain_n afterward_o when_o adel_n have_v send_v away_o these_o turk_n king_n claudius_n set_v upon_o he_o at_o unaware_o by_o the_o river_n zeila_n and_o the_o mountain_n sana_n with_o eight_o thousand_o footman_n five_o hundred_o abessine_a horseman_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o live_a portugal_n one_o of_o who_o give_v grada-amada_n his_o death_n wound_n but_o in_o march_n 1509._o claudius_n fight_v with_o the_o moor_n of_o malaca_n gain_v the_o victory_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n adam_n his_o brother_n succeed_v against_o who_o be_v a_o demi-mahumetan_a the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o abessine_a nobility_n rebel_v and_o be_v overthrow_v in_o the_o year_n 1562._o by_o bernagasso_n by_o this_o casualty_n do_v the_o aethiopian_a affair_n ebb_v &_o flow_v until_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n thing_n begin_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a estate_n by_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o portugal_n who_o furnish_v they_o with_o weapon_n both_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o by_o their_o example_n encourage_v they_o to_o be_v stout_a and_o courageous_a against_o their_o enemy_n all_o that_o be_v live_v after_o the_o defeature_n of_o christopher_n gama_n and_o all_o that_o ever_o go_v thither_o since_o that_o day_n to_o this_o do_v still_o remain_v there_o marry_v wife_n and_o beget_v child_n king_n alexander_n give_v they_o leave_v to_o elect_v a_o justicer_n and_o to_o end_v all_o matter_n of_o controversy_n among_o themselves_o which_o make_v they_o so_o willing_a to_o stay_v and_o to_o teach_v they_o the_o use_n of_o their_o weapon_n the_o manner_n of_o our_o warfare_n and_o how_o to_o fortify_v passage_n and_o place_n of_o importance_n since_o those_o time_n francis_n medici_n contract_v friendship_n with_o the_o abessine_n diverse_a florentines_n some_o for_o pleasure_n and_o some_o for_o profit_n have_v travel_v into_o those_o province_n wherein_o when_o they_o be_v once_o enter_v the_o king_n intreat_v they_o so_o fair_a and_o give_v they_o so_o large_o whereupon_o to_o live_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o obtain_v licence_n to_o return_v again_o into_o their_o own_o country_n beside_o these_o he_o have_v other_o enemy_n as_o the_o king_n of_o dancali_n who_o city_n and_o haven_n be_v vela_n upon_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o the_o moor_n of_o doba_n a_o province_n divide_v into_o fourteen_o lieutenantship_n these_o people_n though_o they_o be_v account_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o abessine_a empire_n yet_o do_v they_o often_o rebel_v have_v a_o law_n among_o themselves_o that_o no_o young_a man_n may_v contract_v matrimony_n unless_o he_o can_v bring_v good_a proof_n that_o he_o have_v slay_v twelve_o christian_n monomotapa_n in_o the_o residue_n of_o aethiop_n reign_v diverse_a powerful_a prince_n as_o the_o king_n of_o adel_n monomugi_n monomotapa_n angola_n and_o congo_n of_o which_o as_o yet_o we_o understand_v very_o little_a but_o that_o the_o reader_n by_o the_o description_n of_o one_o may_v conjecture_v of_o the_o rest_n i_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o state_n &_o policy_n of_o monomotapa_n because_o it_o be_v mighty_a and_o more_o famous_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o kingdom_n contain_v all_o that_o island_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n of_o cuama_n and_o spirito_n santo_n a_o territory_n of_o 150._o league_n in_o compass_n and_o from_o spirito_n santo_n it_o stretch_v even_o to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n for_o the_o vizeroy_n of_o that_o huge_a tract_n do_v acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o sovereign_a and_o supreme_a governor_n of_o town_n &_o village_n they_o have_v few_o those_o cottage_n which_o they_o have_v consist_v of_o timber_n and_o tâ—ach_n one_o of_o their_o chief_a city_n be_v call_v zimbas_n and_o other_o benema_fw-la taxa_fw-la the_o one_o fifteen_o mile_n the_o other_o 21._o distant_a from_o cefala_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o soil_n abound_v with_o corn_n &_o with_o cattle_n great_a and_o small_a wander_v by_o herd_n through_o the_o field_n and_o wood_n by_o the_o store_n of_o tooth_n from_o thence_o transport_v we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o less_o than_o 5000._o elephant_n can_v but_o die_v yearly_a in_o this_o country_n these_o beast_n be_v here_o very_o great_a there_o be_v no_o climate_n like_o it_o for_o plenty_n of_o gold_n for_o by_o report_n there_o be_v 3000._o mine_n whereout_o gold_n be_v dig_v gold_n be_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n in_o rock_n and_o river_n the_o mine_n of_o manica_fw-la boro_n quiticui_fw-la and_o toroe_v which_o some_o man_n call_v butua_n be_v the_o rich_a the_o people_n be_v mean_a of_o stature_n black_a &_o well_o set_v they_o converse_v with_o the_o king_n kneel_v on_o their_o knee_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o his_o presence_n be_v the_o use_n with_o they_o as_o with_o we_o to_o stand_v and_o that_o be_v grant_v but_o to_o great_a lord_n the_o assay_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v not_o make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o prince_n have_v eat_v and_o drink_v here_o be_v no_o prison_n because_o law_n pass_v upon_o the_o offendor_n in_o the_o very_a moment_n wherein_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v the_o offence_n most_o severe_o punish_v be_v witchcraft_n theft_n and_o adultery_n they_o pay_v no_o other_o tribute_n but_o certain_a day_n work_v and_o present_n without_o the_o which_o no_o man_n may_v appear_v in_o the_o princess_n presence_n the_o king_n bear_v in_o his_o coat_n of_o arm_n a_o certain_a little_a spade_n with_o a_o ivory_n handle_v and_o two_o small_a dart_n he_o keep_v for_o his_o faithful_a guard_n two_o hundred_o dog_n he_o keep_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o vassal_n prince_n to_o be_v secure_v of_o their_o parent_n loyalty_n one_o of_o the_o king_n not_o long_o sithence_o be_v convert_v and_o baptise_a by_o gonsalua_n silua_n a_o jesuite_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o courtier_n but_o afterward_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o certain_a moor_n in_o great_a credit_n about_o he_o he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v slay_v sebastian_z king_n of_o portugal_n offend_v heereat_o proclaim_v war_n against_o he_o under_o the_o lead_n of_o francisco_n barreâ—â—o_n this_o army_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o hundred_o the_o great_a part_n gentleman_n to_o who_o the_o monomotapa_n fear_v their_o arm_n and_o valour_n offer_v honourable_a condition_n but_o the_o captain_n who_o no_o offer_n or_o indiffeferencie_n can_v satisfy_v be_v overcome_v and_o his_o army_n utterlie_o consume_v yet_o not_o by_o the_o enemy_n but_o by_o sickness_n and_o the_o infectious_a air_n of_o the_o country_n finis_fw-la fault_n escape_v page_n 17._o lin_v 30._o for_o lancier_n read_v man_n at_o arm_n page_n 20._o lin_v 38._o for_o defensible_a r._n defeasible_a page_n 24._o lin_v 22._o for_o supremacy_n r._n sovereignty_n page_n 28._o lin_v penult_n these_o word_n without_o relation_n to_o the_o kingly_a authority_n be_v superfluous_a page_n 65._o lin_v 30._o for_o it_o may_v r._n he_o may_v page_n 65._o lin_v 34._o for_o he_o be_v immediate_a r._n mediate_a he_o be_v page_n 127._o lin_v 24._o for_o can_v be_v want_v r._n can_v be_v want_v 1597._o
the_o traveller_n breviat_fw-la or_o a_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n relate_v their_o situation_n manner_n custom_n civil_a government_n and_o other_o memorable_a matter_n translate_v into_o english_a imprint_v at_o london_n by_o edm._n bollifant_n for_o john_n jaggard_n 1601_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_z earl_n of_o worcester_n lord_n of_o chepstoll_n ragland_n and_o gower_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n to_o the_o queen_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n right_o honourable_a have_v with_o a_o unskilful_a hand_n teach_v this_o book_n to_o speak_v english_a i_o think_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v like_o a_o evil_a player_n mar_v the_o last_o act_n of_o the_o tragedic_n or_o a_o careless_a pilot_n drown_v the_o ship_n in_o the_o haven_n if_o i_o venture_v it_o to_o the_o diverse_a censure_n of_o man_n before_o it_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o patronage_n of_o some_o such_o authority_n as_o may_v restrain_v and_o bind_v the_o overflowing_n of_o other_o man_n more_o hard_a opinion_n for_o although_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o subject_n may_v work_v in_o i_o a_o overween_a hope_n of_o his_o kind_a entertainment_n yet_o i_o can_v satisfy_v myself_o unless_o it_o pass_v under_o the_o tutele_n &_o protection_n of_o some_o one_o who_o favour_n may_v like_o the_o vertical_a sun_n abate_v all_o shadow_n either_o of_o envy_n or_o disgrace_n which_o be_v in_o this_o still_v worse_a &_o worse_a age_n of_o the_o world_n ready_a to_o discountenance_v the_o fruit_n of_o any_o man_n labour_n wherefore_o consider_v with_o myself_o where_o to_o bestow_v it_o i_o be_v embolden_v by_o the_o inducement_n of_o diverse_a reason_n to_o presume_v on_o your_o lordship_n ascertain_v myself_o that_o the_o honourable_a virtue_n which_o have_v wound_v you_o into_o the_o like_n of_o all_o man_n have_v settle_v so_o good_a a_o impression_n as_o be_v forcible_a enough_o to_o make_v that_o seem_v commendable_a which_o be_v grace_v by_o your_o honour_n name_n only_o and_o for_o this_o respect_n among_o infinite_a other_o here_o for_o special_a reason_n silence_v in_o hope_n of_o favourable_a acceptance_n i_o most_o humble_o present_v it_o to_o your_o honour_n challenge_v to_o myself_o nothing_o but_o the_o imperfection_n in_o the_o harsh_a composure_n and_o conveyance_n of_o the_o stile_n retain_v yet_o as_o i_o trust_v the_o former_a strength_n and_o substance_n if_o your_o l._n vouchsafe_v to_o receive_v it_o it_o may_v be_v that_o although_o in_o the_o perusal_n it_o can_v inform_v your_o honour_n any_o thing_n which_o you_o be_v ignorant_a of_o yet_o it_o may_v confirm_v that_o which_o otherwise_o your_o honour_n doubt_v or_o make_v it_o clear_a by_o deliver_v the_o circumstance_n in_o more_o particular_a term_n only_o thus_o much_o under_o leave_n of_o a_o better_a judgement_n i_o dare_v say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o book_n extant_a touch_v the_o same_o argument_n which_o can_v equalise_v it_o either_o for_o soundness_n in_o judicial_o censure_v truth_n in_o sincere_o relate_v or_o compendiousnes_n in_o brief_v such_o variety_n of_o matter_n to_o so_o small_a a_o volume_n and_o here_o although_o i_o can_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o epistle_n indevor_n a_o draught_n of_o your_o most_o honourable_a praise_n yet_o know_v that_o it_o be_v but_o tediousness_n where_o virtue_n be_v love_v for_o the_o only_a inner_a contentment_n i_o put_v a_o period_n to_o these_o line_n and_o most_o humble_o crave_v pardon_n take_v leave_v your_o honour_n devote_a in_o all_o humble_a seruiceablenes_n i._n r._n a_o general_a description_n of_o the_o world_n as_o touch_v the_o description_n division_n and_o inhabitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n most_o common_o describe_v in_o universal_a map_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n not_o know_v then_o the_o west_n indies_n nor_o many_o other_o place_n situate_v both_o northward_a and_o southward_a and_o sithence_o discover_v divide_v the_o whole_a earth_n into_o three_o part_n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n and_o the_o world_n into_o five_o zone_n two_o cold_a two_o temperate_a and_o one_o extreme_a hot_a affirm_v three_o of_o those_o zone_n to_o be_v unhabitable_a the_o one_o for_o extremity_n of_o heat_n the_o other_o two_o for_o extremity_n of_o cold_a but_o because_o a_o new_a and_o whole_a world_n have_v be_v find_v out_o since_o those_o time_n our_o modern_a cosmographer_n have_v add_v a_o four_o part_n call_v america_n so_o call_v from_o americus_n vespuccius_n a_o florentine_a which_o do_v first_o discover_v it_o which_o again_o be_v subdivide_v by_o our_o late_a traveller_n into_o three_o part_n viz._n mexicana_n peruana_n and_o magellanica_fw-la have_v find_v by_o good_a experience_n as_o in_o this_o discourse_n shall_v be_v full_o manifest_v that_o these_o three_o part_n be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o wonderful_o replemsh_v with_o people_n of_o sundry_a language_n of_o all_o these_o six_o part_n because_o europe_n be_v far_o less_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o yet_o exceed_v all_o other_o in_o nobleness_n magnificence_n multitude_n of_o people_n in_o might_n puissance_n and_o renown_n we_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o description_n thereof_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o north_n ocean_n sea_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o flood_n tanais_n &_o on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o west_n ocean_n in_o measure_v with_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o further_a part_n of_o ireland_n on_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o flood_n tanais_n on_o the_o east_n both_o place_n have_v 52._o deg_n of_o latitude_n have_v in_o longitude_n 2166._o mile_n and_o in_o measure_v with_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o further_a part_n of_o morea_n on_o the_o south_n who_o latitude_n be_v 35._o degree_n unto_o the_o north_n side_n have_v 72._o degree_n of_o latitude_n have_v in_o latitude_n 2220._o mile_n it_o contain_v more_o than_o 28._o christian_n kingdom_n at_o this_o day_n as_o far_o excel_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o province_n in_o religion_n art_n valour_n and_o civility_n as_o in_o elder_a age_n it_o do_v surpass_v they_o in_o power_n and_o reputation_n the_o principal_a province_n be_v spain_n france_n germany_n italic_a slavonia_n greece_n hungary_n poland_n litnania_n moscovia_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o north_n call_v scandia_n wherein_o be_v denmark_n norwey_n swethland_n and_o gutland_n the_o land_n be_v britain_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n in_o the_o north_n ocean_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a be_v sicill_n canâ—ie_n corsica_n sardima_n maiorica_n minorica_fw-la nigropont_n malta_n corfu_n stalamine_n mitilin_n sciro_n &_o many_o other_o in_o the_o archipelago_n the_o air_n be_v pass_o good_a wholesome_a temperate_a and_o the_o soil_n exceed_v fertile_a therein_o be_v many_o goodly_a city_n famous_a mart_n town_n and_o learned_a university_n the_o people_n have_v in_o all_o age_n excel_v all_o other_o nation_n â—n_a courage_n art_n sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o all_o other_o gift_n of_o nature_n in_o time_n past_o it_o command_v asia_n and_o africa_n by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n and_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v of_o great_a force_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n and_o by_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o portugal_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v that_o nature_n have_v create_v this_o people_n fit_a to_o rule_v and_o govern_v other_o as_o man_n far_o surpass_v all_o other_o nation_n in_o wisdom_n courage_n and_o industry_n next_o unto_o europe_n succeed_v asia_n renown_v by_o writer_n for_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o persian_n mede_n assyrian_n and_o babylonian_n but_o indeed_o most_o celebrate_v in_o holy_a writ_n for_o our_o creation_n fall_n and_o redemption_n as_o the_o region_n wherein_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o history_n and_o act_n mention_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o those_o in_o the_o new_a be_v wrought_v and_o accomplish_v it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o north_n ocean_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o red_a sea_n with_o diverse_a other_o gulf_n and_o sea_n appear_a in_o our_o modern_a map_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o east_n indian_a ocean_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o flood_n tanais_n and_o the_o fen_n meotis_n with_o diverse_a other_o sea_n as_o bosphorus_n cimnereus_fw-la mare_fw-la euxinum_n the_o bosphorus_n thracius_n propontis_n part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n or_o gulf_n of_o arabia_n which_o divide_v africa_n from_o arabia_n foelix_fw-la in_o measure_v with_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o flood_n tanais_n to_o the_o promontory_n tamos_n both_o place_n have_v
part_n thereof_o but_o put_v his_o land-force_n to_o the_o sword_n consist_v of_o fourscore_o thousand_o tartar_n five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o turk_n and_o among_o they_o three_o thousand_o janisar_n as_o we_o say_v before_o the_o circassi_n live_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o swisser_n they_o endeavour_n not_o to_o enlarge_v their_o own_o bound_n but_o serve_v for_o wage_n sometime_o the_o turk_n sometime_o the_o persian_a &_o sometime_o the_o moscovite_n from_o who_o dominion_n they_o be_v so_o far_o disjoin_v that_o they_o stand_v in_o no_o fear_n of_o their_o several_a mightiness_n the_o tartar_n negayan_n be_v more_o to_o be_v dread_v for_o their_o sudden_a inroad_n &_o furious_a incursion_n then_o for_o jealousy_n of_o their_o force_n or_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v or_o undertake_v any_o voyage_n royal_a of_o late_a time_n they_o threaten_v the_o moscovite_n but_o their_o fury_n be_v appease_v by_o send_v they_o present_v it_o be_v the_o best_a course_n to_o hazard_v our_o money_n rather_o than_o our_o force_n against_o the_o theft_n &_o spoil_n of_o these_o barbarous_a nation_n for_o when_o they_o have_v nether_a city_n nor_o strong_a place_n to_o subdue_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o subjection_n what_o can_v you_o term_v the_o war_n make_v against_o they_o but_o a_o labour_n with_o loss_n a_o charge_n without_o profit_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v great_a troop_n of_o horse_n in_o citrachan_n casan_n and_o viatca_n against_o these_o nagaij_n as_o likewise_o a_o great_a garrison_n in_o culagan_n upon_o danais_n against_o the_o precopi_n the_o next_o border_v neighbour_n by_o finland_n side_n be_v the_o king_n of_o sweveland_n of_o late_a time_n this_o king_n hold_v a_o long_a war_n against_o he_o take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n the_o castle_n of_o sorenesco_n &_o pernavia_n the_o great_a &_o the_o less_o in_o livonia_n on_o the_o one_o side_n while_o king_n stephen_n cruel_o vex_v he_o with_o war_n on_o the_o other_o in_o the_o uttermost_a bound_n of_o the_o fioland_n bay_n the_o swevian_a to_o his_o great_a charge_n possess_v the_o fortress_n of_o viburge_n maintain_v therein_o a_o great_a garrison_n to_o resist_v the_o attempt_n of_o the_o russy_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n likewise_o in_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o coast_n adjoin_v he_o maintain_v ship_n of_o war_n as_o well_o to_o be_v ready_a at_o all_o assay_n against_o the_o approach_n of_o this_o great_a duke_n as_o likewise_o to_o forbid_v the_o easterling_n the_o bring_n of_o any_o munition_n or_o warlike_a furniture_n into_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n neither_o do_v he_o suffer_v other_o ship_n to_o sail_v in_o those_o sea_n without_o a_o special_a placard_n sign_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o navy_n and_o sea_n force_v the_o king_n of_o sweveland_n wheresoever_o he_o find_v mean_n to_o use_v it_o become_v master_n of_o the_o field_n &_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o cease_v upon_o many_o place_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o livonia_n and_o the_o border_a territory_n but_o where_o the_o duke_n horse_n and_o his_o great_a number_n of_o footman_n may_v stand_v he_o in_o steed_n as_o in_o the_o open_a field_n or_o place_n remove_v from_o the_o sea_n there_o he_o make_v his_o part_n good_a enough_o and_o most_o common_o put_v the_o swevian_a to_o the_o worst_a the_o best_a be_v nature_n bath_n place_v between_o they_o such_o rough_a mountain_n such_o cold_a such_o ice_n and_o such_o snow_n that_o they_o can_v great_o endammage_n one_o another_o the_o last_o neighbour_n be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n between_o who_o and_o the_o great_a duke_n this_o be_v the_o difference_n the_o moscovite_n have_v more_o territory_n the_o polonian_a better_a inhabit_v and_o more_o civil_a the_o moscovite_n more_o subject_n and_o more_o subject_a the_o polonian_a better_a soldier_n and_o more_o courageous_a the_o moscovite_n be_v apt_a to_o bear_v the_o shake_v then_o to_o give_v a_o charge_n the_o polonian_n to_o charge_n the_o moscovite_n be_v fit_a to_o keep_v a_o fortress_n the_o polonian_a to_o fight_v in_o the_o open_a field_n the_o moscovite_n force_n be_v better_o unite_v the_o polonian_a more_o considerate_a and_o better_o advise_v the_o moscovite_n less_o care_v for_o want_n and_o extremity_n the_o polonian_a death_n and_o the_o sword_n yea_o either_o nation_n be_v of_o the_o great_a worth_n when_o either_o of_o their_o prince_n be_v of_o great_a valour_n and_o magnanimity_n as_o it_o happen_v when_o basilius_n conquer_v the_o great_a duchy_n of_o smoloncke_n and_o poloncke_n and_o the_o large_a circuit_n of_o livonia_n and_o again_o when_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n in_o his_o last_o war_n against_o john_n basilius_n son_n reconquer_v polonck_n with_o diverse_a other_o place_n of_o good_a reckon_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o plesko_n and_o force_v the_o moscovite_n to_o leave_v all_o livonia_n whereby_o i_o conclude_v such_o as_o be_v the_o valour_n and_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n such_o be_v the_o force_n and_o courage_n of_o his_o people_n the_o great_a cham._n as_o our_o ancestor_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o region_n situate_v upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o they_o imagine_v to_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o ocean_n even_o so_o as_o yet_o little_a or_o nothing_o know_v this_o age_n what_o region_n lie_v or_o what_o people_n inhabit_v beyond_o that_o sea_n &_o the_o mountain_n common_o call_v dalanguer_n and_o vssont_n mark_v paul_n venetus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o break_v the_o ice_n in_o describe_v of_o those_o country_n and_o of_o he_o have_v we_o receive_v what_o we_o know_v of_o the_o tartar_n for_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o country_n the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o journey_n and_o the_o inaccessible_a situation_n of_o place_n have_v hinder_v the_o discovery_n of_o those_o province_n for_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovie_n by_o who_o dominion_n we_o may_v easy_a travel_n thither_o will_v suffer_v no_o stranger_n to_o pass_v through_o his_o kingdom_n the_o caspian_a sea_n a_o passage_n no_o less_o fit_v for_o the_o journey_n be_v not_o frequent_v and_o by_o the_o way_n of_o persia_n infinite_a mountain_n and_o vast_a desert_n divide_v both_o province_n oppose_v themselves_o against_o us._n and_o to_o the_o further_a hindrance_n of_o this_o discovery_n neither_o the_o great_a cham_n neither_o the_o king_n of_o china_n nor_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovie_n will_v suffer_v any_o of_o their_o subject_n to_o travel_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n nor_o any_o stanger_n to_o enter_v in_o unless_o he_o come_v as_o a_o ambassador_n neither_o in_o this_o case_n be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o converse_v free_o or_o range_v at_o his_o pleasure_n they_o live_v under_o diverse_a prince_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v those_o that_o wear_v green_a on_o their_o turban_n these_o inhabit_v shamarcand_n and_o be_v at_o continual_a enmity_n with_o the_o persian_n next_o be_v those_o of_o bochan_n mahumetan_n then_o those_o of_o mogor_n of_o who_o you_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o and_o last_o those_o of_o cathay_n whereof_o we_o now_o entreat_v never_o be_v there_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o enjoy_v a_o large_a empery_n than_o they_o do_v or_o have_v undertake_v haughty_a exploit_n and_o i_o will_v that_o they_o have_v have_v some_o who_o may_v have_v recommend_v by_o write_v their_o do_n to_o the_o world_n m._n paul_n venetus_n write_v that_o this_o people_n once_o inhabit_v ciurga_n and_o barge_n province_n situate_v upon_o the_o scythick_n ocean_n without_o city_n castle_n or_o house_n wander_v like_o the_o arabian_n from_o place_n to_o place_n according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n they_o acknowledge_v vncham_n who_o some_o interpret_v prester_n john_n for_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n to_o who_o they_o give_v the_o ten_o of_o their_o cattle_n in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o multiply_v to_o such_o number_n that_o vncham_n be_v jealous_a of_o their_o neighbourhood_n begin_v to_o lessen_v their_o number_n &_o force_n by_o send_v they_o now_o hither_o now_o thither_o upon_o most_o long_a and_o desperate_a voyage_n as_o occasion_v offer_v which_o when_o they_o perceive_v they_o assemble_v themselves_o resolve_v to_o leave_v their_o natural_a soil_n and_o to_o remove_v so_o far_o from_o the_o border_n of_o vncham_n that_o never_o after_o he_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o suspect_v their_o number_n this_o they_o perform_v after_o certain_a year_n they_o elect_v among_o they_o a_o king_n call_v changis_n to_o who_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o glory_n and_o victory_n they_o add_v the_o surname_n of_o great_a this_o changis_n depart_v from_o his_o own_o territory_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1162._o with_o a_o most_o fearful_a army_n subdue_v partly_o by_o force_n partly_o by_o the_o terror_n of_o his_o name_n nine_o province_n at_o last_o
be_v deny_v the_o daughter_n of_o vnchan_n in_o marriage_n he_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o overcome_v he_o in_o battle_n cast_v he_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n after_o the_o death_n of_o changis_n his_o successor_n afflict_v europe_n in_o the_o year_n 1212._o they_o drive_v the_o polosochi_n from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o euxine_a sea_n in_o the_o year_n 1228._o they_o invade_v and_o spoil_v russia_n in_o the_o year_n 1241._o they_o raze_v kiovia_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o rutheni_n and_o battu_fw-la their_o captain_n waste_v polonia_n silesia_n moravia_n and_o hungary_n innocentius_n the_o four_o amaze_v with_o the_o tempest_n of_o these_o invasion_n in_o the_o year_n 1242._o send_v certain_a friar_n of_o the_o order_n of_o dominicke_n and_o francis_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n to_o entreat_v a_o peace_n for_o christendom_n the_o circuit_n of_o this_o empire_n in_o the_o time_n above_o speak_v of_o stretch_v from_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o asia_n to_o armenia_n and_o from_o bengala_n to_o volga_n yea_o their_o incursion_n pierce_v even_o to_o nilus_n and_o danubius_n the_o macedonian_a and_o roman_a empire_n be_v never_o so_o large_a but_o because_o they_o be_v rather_o runagate_n than_o man_n of_o war_n want_v politic_a government_n and_o military_a discipline_n sometime_o rule_v one_o province_n sometime_o another_o they_o rather_o wrought_v spoil_n and_o terror_n to_o the_o conquer_a nation_n then_o fear_v of_o bondage_n or_o subjection_n and_o at_o last_o seat_v themselves_o beyond_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n after_o it_o become_v divide_v into_o many_o principality_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o title_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o empire_n remain_v always_o to_o the_o great_a cham_n who_o as_o we_o say_v before_o take_v the_o original_n of_o his_o name_n from_o the_o great_a changis_n at_o this_o day_n this_o empire_n reach_v from_o the_o desert_n lop_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o lake_n kicavia_n on_o the_o other_o to_o that_o famous_a wall_n of_o china_n situate_v between_o 43._o and_o 45._o degree_n which_o lead_v from_o mountain_n to_o mountain_n till_o it_o end_v at_o the_o ocean_n and_o divide_v the_o tartar_n from_o the_o chinois_n and_o from_o the_o scythian_a ocean_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o tipura_n and_o the_o border_a region_n in_o the_o foresay_a compass_n be_v contain_v many_o and_o mighty_a kingdom_n and_o many_o puissant_a province_n as_o tangut_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n succuir_n and_o campian_n build_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o italy_n ergimul_fw-la carazan_n tebet_n and_o caindu_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o province_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v tenduch_o which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o paul_n venetus_n be_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o prester_n john_n but_o now_o subdue_v by_o the_o great_a cham._n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v christian_n but_o nestorian_n the_o rest_n mahumetan_n here_o be_v the_o city_n cambalu_n the_o imperial_a seat_n contain_v in_o compass_n 28._o mile_n and_o near_o unto_o it_o taiduc_n situate_v upon_o a_o lake_n &_o contain_v in_o compass_n 24._o mile_n then_o xaindu_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n be_v four_o square_a every_o square_n contain_v eight_o mile_n and_o four_o gate_n within_o that_o square_a be_v another_o palace_n six_o mile_n square_a in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v three_o gate_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o as_o many_o towards_o the_o north_n from_o whence_o as_o likewise_o from_o every_o corner_n you_o may_v behold_v the_o imperial_a palace_n and_o within_o this_o circuit_n be_v yet_o a_o other_o square_n of_o one_o mile_n have_v six_o gate_n like_o the_o former_a between_o every_o wall_n you_o may_v see_v meadow_n and_o wood_n and_o within_o this_o square_n be_v the_o imperial_a palace_n of_o who_o pleasure_n riches_n and_o magnificence_n neither_o of_o his_o chace_n fowling_n and_o fish_v be_o i_o able_a to_o write_v this_o whole_a region_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o populous_a full_a of_o town_n rich_a and_o civil_a which_o you_o may_v the_o rather_o believe_v first_o for_o that_o the_o tartar_n choose_v this_o for_o their_o seat_n and_o country_n beautify_v it_o with_o the_o spoil_n of_o asia_n china_n and_o that_o part_n of_o europe_n which_o they_o harry_v and_o be_v never_o win_v or_o take_v from_o thence_o again_o to_o this_o day_n next_o for_o that_o the_o province_n be_v most_o commodious_o situate_v for_o traffic_n and_o negotiation_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o admirable_a plain_n and_o huge_a lake_n among_o which_o be_v cazaia_n who_o water_n be_v salt_n guian_n dangu_n xandu_n &_o catacora_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o large_a river_n which_o with_o a_o long_a course_n do_v run_v by_o the_o province_n of_o curato_fw-la polisango_n zaiton_n and_o mccon_n paul_n venetus_n call_v it_o quion_n a_o great_a help_n hereunto_o likewise_o be_v the_o variety_n of_o fruit_n and_o the_o abundance_n of_o grain_n rice_n wool_n silk_n hemp_n reubarbe_n musk_n and_o excellent_a fine_a chamblet_n weave_v of_o camel_n hair_n paul_n write_v that_o it_o afford_v ginger_n cinnomom_n &_o clove_n which_o for_o my_o part_n i_o hardly_o believe_v in_o many_o river_n be_v find_v grain_n of_o gold_n their_o coin_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o value_n in_o cathaia_n a_o coin_n be_v currant_n make_v of_o the_o black_a rind_n of_o a_o certain_a tree_n grow_v between_o the_o body_n and_o the_o bark_n this_o rind_n be_v smooth_v round_v &_o temper_v with_o a_o gummy_a substance_n be_v stamp_v with_o the_o image_n of_o the_o great_a cham._n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o caiacan_a &_o carazan_n certain_a sea_n shell_n be_v currant_n which_o some_o man_n term_v porcelline_a this_o kind_n of_o money_n be_v frequent_a in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n and_o aethiopia_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o prince_n get_v unto_o themselves_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o province_n which_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v melt_v and_o lay_v up_o in_o most_o safe_a place_n without_o ever_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o thence_o again_o in_o like_a sort_n prester_n john_n be_v think_v to_o be_v lord_n of_o a_o inestimable_a treasure_n while_o he_o make_v grain_n of_o salt_n and_o pepper_n to_o pass_v for_o currant_n coin_n among_o his_o subject_n they_o brew_v a_o excellent_a beverage_n of_o rice_n and_o spice_n which_o soon_o procure_v drunkenness_n then_o wine_n as_o the_o arabian_n so_o they_o delight_v in_o sour_a milk_n or_o cosimus_fw-la a_o kind_n of_o charm_a sour_a mare_n milk_n very_o forcible_a to_o turn_v the_o brain_n his_o force_n consist_v first_o as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o situation_n in_o spacious_a territory_n in_o magnificent_a city_n in_o plenty_n of_o provision_n &_o in_o rich_a revenue_n for_o among_o many_o other_o thing_n he_o take_v the_o ten_o of_o wool_n silk_n hemp_n grain_n cattle_n and_o be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o all_o but_o the_o chief_a sinew_n of_o his_o state_n consist_v in_o his_o arm_a troop_n which_o he_o keep_v in_o continual_a pay_n and_o action_n these_o live_v always_o in_o the_o field_n four_o or_o five_o mile_n remote_a from_o the_o city_n over_o and_o above_o their_o salary_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o make_v profit_n of_o their_o cattle_n milk_n &_o wool_n when_o he_o go_v to_o warfare_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o muster_v part_n of_o that_o soldierie_a which_o lie_v disperse_v through_o the_o province_n for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o tartar_n except_o the_o varcheni_fw-la who_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o great_a cham_n fight_v on_o horseback_n their_o weapon_n be_v the_o bow_n and_o arrow_n which_o they_o use_v as_o desperate_o in_o their_o flight_n as_o in_o the_o charge_n they_o be_v very_o swift_a their_o tent_n be_v make_v of_o weave_a wool_n with_o which_o they_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o foul_a weather_n their_o chief_a sustenance_n be_v milk_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n after_o the_o butter_n be_v quease_v out_o yea_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o horse_n if_o famine_n enforce_v they_o fight_v not_o pell-mell_a with_o their_o enime_n but_o sometime_o on_o the_o front_n sometime_o on_o the_o flank_n after_o the_o parthian_a manner_n they_o overwhelm_v they_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n whosoever_o carry_v himself_o valiant_o stand_v assure_v of_o reward_n and_o be_v grace_v with_o honour_n immunity_n &_o gift_n twelve_o thousand_o horseman_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v a_o great_a power_n than_o any_o other_o potentate_n howsoever_o it_o be_v two_o thing_n in_o his_o kingdom_n be_v worthy_a consideration_n the_o one_o be_v number_n which_o may_v be_v imagine_v by_o the_o spaciousnes_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o other_o
goodness_n have_v always_o want_v that_o virtue_n which_o shall_v make_v army_n dreadful_a and_o fortunate_a and_o that_o be_v good_a order_n and_o warlike_a discipline_n the_o kingdom_n of_o persia._n persia_n and_o the_o persian_a glory_n have_v be_v often_o obscure_v first_o by_o the_o arabian_n who_o to_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n the_o memory_n of_o their_o former_a reputation_n enact_v by_o law_n that_o they_o shall_v no_o more_o be_v call_v persian_n but_o saracen_n then_o by_o the_o tartarian_n lead_v by_o chingis_n and_o last_o by_o tamerlan_n and_o his_o follower_n but_o not_o long_o before_o our_o time_n by_o the_o virtue_n of_o ishmael_n sophy_n of_o who_o original_a and_o fortune_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o state_n and_o history_n of_o persia_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o devil_n the_o kingdom_n regain_v his_o ancient_a splendour_n when_o mahumet_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o his_o first_o wife_n who_o adopt_v he_o her_o heir_n by_o her_o riches_n and_o his_o new_a superstition_n have_v get_v he_o a_o name_n among_o the_o vulgar_a he_o marry_v for_o his_o second_o wife_n aissa_n the_o daughter_n of_o one_o abubacer_n a_o great_a rich_a man_n and_o of_o high_a authority_n in_o those_o quarter_n by_o this_o man_n countenance_n and_o the_o friendship_n of_o omar_n and_o ottomar_n his_o kinsman_n he_o gather_v together_o a_o great_a rabble_n of_o arabian_n and_o partly_o by_o fair_a mean_n &_o partly_o by_o colour_n of_o religion_n he_o become_v master_n of_o many_o of_o the_o border_a town_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n give_v fatime_o his_o daughter_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n to_o haly_n his_o cousin_n and_o to_o he_o after_o his_o death_n all_o his_o earthly_a substance_n make_v he_o the_o head_n of_o his_o superstition_n with_o the_o title_n of_o caliph_n abubacer_n by_o who_o countenance_n mahumet_n become_v gracious_a take_v in_o ill_a part_n the_o preferment_n of_o the_o young_a man_n by_o the_o aid_n of_o omar_n and_o ottomar_n who_o desire_n be_v in_o hope_n of_o succession_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o old_a man_n year_n and_o for_o kindred_n sake_n rather_o to_o see_v abubacer_n then_o haly_n caliph_n begin_v open_o to_o resist_v haly_n and_o to_o spoil_v he_o and_o his_o wife_n fatime_o of_o all_o the_o substance_n which_o be_v leave_v he_o by_o his_o uncle_n abubacer_n die_v omar_n and_o ottomar_n succeed_v omar_n be_v slay_v by_o a_o slave_n ottomar_n in_o a_o private_a quarrel_n after_o who_o decease_n haly_n succeed_v against_o he_o rise_v mavie_a who_o accuse_v he_o as_o accessary_a to_o the_o death_n of_o ottomar_n his_o lord_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v slay_v near_o cafe_z a_o city_n within_o two_o day_n journey_n of_o babylon_n where_o likewise_o he_o lie_v bury_v the_o place_n be_v call_v to_o this_o day_n massadall_n that_o be_v the_o house_n of_o haly._n after_o his_o decease_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o cafe_z proclaim_v ossan_n the_o son_n of_o fatima_n caliph_n but_o he_o likewise_o mavie_o resist_v and_o slay_v by_o poison_n then_o be_v he_o absolute_a caliph_n and_o after_o he_o his_o son_n jazit_n ossan_n leave_v behind_o he_o twelve_o son_n one_o whereof_o be_v call_v mahumet_n mahadin_n the_o moor_n say_v he_o never_o die_v but_o that_o he_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o convert_v the_o world_n and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v always_o ready_a in_o the_o mosque_fw-la of_o massadella_n a_o horse_n gallant_o furnish_v where_o in_o their_o foppery_n they_o affirm_v that_o this_o world_n conversion_n shall_v there_o first_o begin_v upon_o these_o difference_n of_o haly_n abubacer_n omar_n ottomaâ—_n &_o mavie_a have_v mighty_a faction_n of_o arm_n and_o opinion_n arisen_a among_o the_o sectary_n of_o this_o new_a superstition_n the_o persian_n labour_v to_o prove_v haly_n true_a caliph_n by_o the_o last_o will_n of_o mahumet_n the_o arabian_n stand_v as_o stiff_o to_o the_o three_o first_o when_o from_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n 1258._o to_o the_o year_n 1363._o the_o moor_n have_v no_o caliph_n mustapha_n mumbala_n the_o last_o caliph_n be_v slay_v by_o allacu_fw-la king_n of_o the_o tartarian_n a_o certain_a noble_a man_n in_o persia_n name_v sophi_n lord_n of_o ardevell_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n from_o haly_n by_o musa_n ceresin_n his_o nephew_n and_o one_o of_o the_o twelve_o son_n of_o ossan_n in_o memory_n of_o who_o he_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o turban_n by_o his_o virtue_n and_o valour_n win_v great_a credit_n and_o estimation_n to_o his_o new_a faction_n to_o he_o succeed_v adar_n the_o son_n of_o guine_a to_o who_o assembeg_n a_o powerful_a prince_n in_o syria_n and_o persia_n give_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n but_o his_o son_n jacobbeg_n fear_v the_o power_n and_o estimation_n of_o adar_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o deliver_v his_o two_o son_n ishmael_n and_o soliman_n to_o his_o captain_n amanzar_n will_v he_o to_o cast_v they_o in_o prison_n in_o zaliga_n a_o castle_n in_o the_o mountain_n but_o amanzar_n detest_a the_o tyranny_n of_o his_o lord_n convey_v the_o child_n to_o his_o own_o house_n and_o bring_v they_o up_o like_o gentleman_n among_o his_o own_o son_n and_o fall_v sick_a of_o a_o deadly_a disease_n forecast_v what_o may_v happen_v after_o his_o disease_n give_v they_o horse_n and_o money_n will_v they_o to_o fly_v and_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o mother_n house_n and_o tuition_n ishmael_n the_o elder_a be_v no_o soon_o return_v to_o his_o mother_n place_n but_o he_o vow_v revenge_n for_o his_o father_n death_n and_o after_o some_o fortunate_a expedition_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o cause_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o follower_n of_o haly_n from_o who_o he_o derive_v his_o pedigree_n he_o make_v the_o turban_n high_o and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o all_o the_o oriental_a mahumetan_n to_o exhort_v they_o to_o unity_n in_o religion_n and_o cognisance_n by_o these_o mean_n and_o fortune_n of_o his_o arm_n he_o become_v a_o terror_n to_o the_o east_n and_o slay_v ossan_n then_o usurper_n of_o the_o persian_a estate_n with_o his_o ten_o brethren_n except_o marabeg_n who_o save_v himself_o and_o flee_v to_o soliman_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o turk_n implore_v his_o aid_n this_o ishmael_n at_o the_o lake_n vay_fw-mi overthrow_v with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n zagatai_n and_o in_o heat_n of_o this_o victory_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n abbian_n if_o his_o astrologian_n in_o who_o he_o great_o trust_v have_v not_o foretell_v he_o that_o his_o passage_n shall_v be_v prosperous_a but_o his_o return_n infortunate_a he_o leave_v to_o his_o son_n a_o most_o spacious_a empire_n bound_v with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o persian_a gulf_n the_o lake_n sioc_fw-fr the_o have_v tigris_n and_o oxus_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cambaia_n which_o province_n contain_v more_o than_o twenty_o degree_n from_o east_n to_o west_n &_o 18._o from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o although_o these_o kingdom_n lie_v within_o these_o bound_n hold_v not_o immediate_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o persia_n yet_o all_o acknowledge_v the_o persian_a for_o their_o sovereign_a prince_n that_o be_v the_o king_n of_o macran_n patam_n guadel_n and_o ormus_n the_o georgian_n do_v follow_v their_o fortune_n so_o do_v media_n now_o call_v siruan_n dierbechia_n once_o mesopotamia_n cusistan_n the_o habitation_n of_o the_o susiani_fw-la farsistan_n the_o country_n of_o the_o persian_n strava_n once_o hyrcania_n â—athia_fw-la at_o this_o day_n call_v arac_n caramania_n now_o chermain_a sigestan_n carassa_n sablestan_n and_o istigiu_n who_o ancient_a name_n be_v drangia_n bactria_n parapamisus_n margiana_n of_o these_o region_n those_o which_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o persian_a sea_n be_v most_o plentiful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n every_o where_o disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a land_n among_o these_o river_n the_o most_o famous_a be_v bindimir_n to_o who_o water_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o behold_v convey_n it_o by_o trench_n and_o other_o invention_n into_o their_o ground_n to_o their_o great_a ease_n and_o commodity_n the_o province_n lie_v upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n for_o their_o river_n and_o temperature_n do_v likewise_o participate_v of_o the_o say_a fertility_n especial_o all_o those_o quarter_n which_o be_v water_v with_o the_o river_n puly-malon_n fall_v into_o the_o lake_n burgian_n the_o residue_n of_o the_o province_n be_v dry_a by_o reason_n whereof_o town_n &_o village_n be_v seldom_o see_v in_o those_o place_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o some_o spring_n or_o water_n side_n the_o most_o ample_a and_o magnificent_a city_n of_o persia_n be_v istigias_n the_o chief_a se_fw-mi at_o of_o bactria_n think_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o pleasant_a city_n of_o the_o east_n indion_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o margiana_n situate_v in_o so_o fat_a and_o fertile_a a_o territory_n that_o therefore_o antiochus_n soter_n cause_v it_o