chap._n iii_o military_a government_n governor_n the_o chief_a officer_n in_o this_o island_n he_o that_o more_o immediate_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o that_o have_v the_o precedency_n of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o governor_n while_o this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o race_n the_o governor_n be_v style_v comites_fw-la and_o deuce_n i._n e._n count_n and_o duke_n thus_o loyescon_n who_o command_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o clothaire_n and_o charibert_n a_o 560_o be_v call_v come_v a_o count_n as_o we_o learn_v from_o the_o compiler_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n magloire_fw-fr the_o apostle_n of_o this_o island_n v._n and_o amwarith_n who_o have_v the_o same_o command_n about_o 200_o year_n after_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n be_v call_v dux_n a_o duke_n as_o appear_v from_o that_o ancient_a fragment_n mention_v before_o i._n where_o it_o be_v say_v concern_v geroaldus_n abbot_n of_o fontenelles_n that_o be_v quadam_fw-la legatione_fw-la fungebatur_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la cui_fw-la nomen_fw-la est_fw-la augia_fw-la jersey_n cui_fw-la tempore_fw-la illo_fw-la praefuit_fw-la dux_n nomine_fw-la amwarith_n under_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o the_o first_o english_a king_n after_o the_o conquest_n the_o government_n of_o all_o these_o island_n be_v general_o give_v to_o one_o man_n who_o be_v call_v sometime_o dominus_fw-la sometime_o ballivus_n sometime_o custos_fw-la insularum_fw-la i._n e._n lord_n bailly_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o island_n but_o k._n henry_n vi._n give_v they_o together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n to_o henry_n de_fw-fr beauchamp_n earl_n of_o warwick_n with_o a_o very_a extraordinary_a title_n viz._n with_o that_o of_o king_n as_o be_v see_v from_o a_o ancient_a ms._n chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o tewksbury_n mention_v by_o mr._n selden_n 375._o where_o this_o passage_n be_v find_v obiit_fw-la dominus_fw-la henricus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la dux_n warichiae_fw-la &_o primus_fw-la comes_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la le_fw-fr dispenser_n &_o de_fw-fr abergevenny_n rex_fw-la de_fw-la insulis_fw-la wight_n &_o gardsey_n &_o jardsey_n dominus_fw-la quoque_fw-la castri_fw-la bristoliae_n cum_fw-la suis_fw-la annexis_fw-la 3_o id._n junii_fw-la a._n d._n 1446._o anno_fw-la aetatis_fw-la suae_fw-la xxii_o apud_fw-la castrum_n de_fw-la hanleyâ_fw-la et_fw-la sepultus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la chori_fw-la theokesburiae_n when_o these_o island_n be_v separate_v and_o particular_a governor_n assign_v to_o each_o of_o they_o they_o be_v style_v captain_n and_o at_o last_o governor_n which_o title_n be_v fix_v by_o a_o special_a ordinance_n of_o council_n june_n 15._o 1618._o this_o office_n have_v be_v ancient_o hold_v by_o person_n of_o very_a great_a note_n and_o eminency_n and_o we_o can_v reckon_v among_o our_o governor_n the_o son_n and_o brother_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n as_o 1_o john_n earl_n of_o mortain_n afterward_o king_n who_o have_v these_o island_n give_v he_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o appanage_n by_o k._n richard_n i_o his_o brother_n 2_o prince_n edward_n afterward_o k._n edward_n i._o son_n and_o successor_n of_o henry_n iii_n who_o hold_v they_o in_o the_o same_o right_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n 3._o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_o 4._o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n brother_n of_o henry_n v._n i_o shall_v only_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o governor_n governor_n of_o jersey_n from_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n iv_o ever_o since_o which_o time_n this_o island_n have_v always_o be_v a_o separate_a government_n iu._n sir_n richard_n harliston_n vice-admiral_n of_o england_n who_o assist_v philip_n de_fw-fr carteret_n in_o v._n the_o reduction_n of_o mont_fw-fr orgueil_fw-fr castle_n which_o have_v be_v seize_v by_o iii_o the_o french_a 23._o and_o have_v thereupon_o the_o government_n give_v he_o for_o his_o good_a service_n he_o die_v in_o flanders_n vii_o matthew_n baker_n esq_n groom_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n to_o k._n henry_n vii_o eject_v afterward_o for_o misdemeanour_n thomas_n overay_n lie_v bury_v in_o st._n george_n chapel_n in_o mont-orgueil_a castle_n than_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n sir_n hugh_z vaughan_z who_o be_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n captain_n of_o the_o king_n lifeguard_n etc._n etc._n resigned_n the_o government_n to_o viii_o sir_n anthony_n ughtre_v who_o wife_n be_v near_o relate_v to_o q._n anne_n bolein_n he_o come_v in_o by_o that_o interest_n and_o lie_v inter_v in_o st._n george_n chapel_n in_o mont_fw-fr orgueil_fw-fr sr._n arthurd_n arcy_n who_o sell_v the_o government_n to_o thomas_z lord_n vaux_z of_o harrowdon_n and_o he_o soon_o after_o to_o sir_n edward_z seymour_n viscount_n beauchamp_n afterward_o duke_n of_o somerset_n and_o lord_n protector_z vi._n sir_n hugh_n pawlet_n treasurer_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o 8th_n army_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o bologne_n governor_n marry_o of_o haure_n the_o grace_n a_o 1563._o that_o town_n be_v then_o in_o elizab._n the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a repute_a one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o experience_a captain_n of_o his_o time_n a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o the_o reformation_n in_o this_o island_n of_o which_o he_o be_v governor_n about_o 24_o year_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o elder_a son_n sir_n amias_n pawlet_n privy_a councillor_n to_o q._n elizabeth_n ambassador_z in_o france_z an_z 1576_o who_o have_v also_o for_o successor_n sir_n anthony_n pawlet_n his_o son_n and_o he_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n who_o very_a name_n be_v a_o honour_n to_o this_o island_n but_o the_o unfortunate_a gentleman_n hold_v the_o government_n not_o long_o it_o be_v forfeit_v together_o with_o all_o his_o other_o great_a office_n and_o preferment_n by_o his_o attainder_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n james_n i._n i._n sir_n john_n peyton_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n etc._n etc._n sir_n thomas_n jermyn_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n do_v also_o obtain_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o government_n after_o he_o for_o his_o young_a son_n i._n henry_n jermyn_n create_v first_o lord_n jermyn_n than_o earl_n of_o st._n alban_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n etc._n etc._n to_o who_o be_v afterward_o join_v in_o the_o same_o patent_n and_o with_o equal_a authority_n sir_n george_n de_fw-fr carteret_n who_o with_o so_o great_a valour_n hold_v the_o island_n for_o the_o king_n against_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n 31._o after_o the_o restoration_n in_o 1660_o make_v vice-chamberlain_n and_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy-council_n and_o last_o create_a baron_n carteret_n of_o hains_n in_o bedfordshire_n after_o the_o say_a restoration_n the_o earl_n of_o st._n alban_n remain_v sole_a governor_n but_o a_o war_n ensue_v with_o france_n a_o 1665_o the_o earl_n be_v allow_v 1000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o sir_n thomas_z morgan_z ii_o that_o renown_a and_o valiant_a commander_n be_v send_v into_o this_o island_n and_o make_v governor_n by_o special_a commission_n after_o who_o decease_n the_o like_a commission_n be_v direct_v to_o sir_n john_n lanier_n 1692._o recall_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n alban_n death_n to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o right_a honourable_a thomas_n lord_n jermyn_n baron_n of_o st._n edmund_n bury_v who_o claim_v the_o government_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o grant_n to_o he_o former_o make_v by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o case_n he_o survive_v his_o uncle_n the_o say_a earl_n of_o st._n alban_n he_o hold_v it_o as_o the_o earl_n do_v for_o life_n this_o office_n have_v be_v hold_v sometime_o quamdiù_fw-fr domino_fw-la regi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la 3._o sometime_o quamdiù_fw-fr se_fw-la benè_fw-la gesserit_fw-la 7._o sometime_o for_o a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a number_n of_o year_n 6._o sometime_o during_o life_n id_fw-la sometime_o during_o life_n and_o five_o year_n beyond_o it_o 1._o and_o at_o other_o time_n again_o without_o condition_n or_o limitation_n of_o time_n 3._o vernor_n for_o the_o support_n of_o this_o dignity_n the_o king_n allow_v the_o governor_n his_o whole_a revenue_n in_o the_o island_n a_o small_a part_n thereof_o only_o deduct_v for_o fee_n and_o salary_n to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court._n in_o ancient_a time_n this_o revenue_n consist_v of_o seven_o manor_n which_o be_v the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n these_o manor_n be_v by_o k._n henry_n ii_o let_v out_o in_o fee-farm_n to_o several_a tenant_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o about_o 460_o livre_n tournois_n yearly_a which_o with_o many_o other_o old_a money-rent_n express_v in_o the_o extent_n or_o register_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n make_v a_o 1331._o amount_v to_o more_o than_o 1000_o livre_n tournois_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la a_o livre_fw-fr tournois_n libra_n turonensis_n be_v then_o worth_a as_o much_o as_o a_o english_a l._n sterling_n be_v now_o this_o together_o
another_o castle_n call_v grosnéz_n in_o the_o west_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v no_o garrison_n but_o a_o old_a useless_a fortification_n of_o which_o little_o remain_v and_o note_v now_o only_o for_o have_v be_v the_o retire_a place_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr carteret_n and_o his_o party_n when_o he_o stand_v out_o against_o the_o french_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o k._n henry_n vi._n coast_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o coast_n against_o a_o descent_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v late_o in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o expose_v to_o that_o danger_n raise_v redoubt_n and_o battery_n plant_v with_o good_a cannon_n which_o his_o majesty_n at_o our_o humble_a suit_n be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o out_o of_o his_o own_o store_n for_o that_o service_n every_o parish_n have_v moreover_o two_o or_o more_o small_a brass_n gun_n with_o officer_n gunner_n and_o pioner_n to_o attend_v they_o make_v in_o all_o a_o train_n of_o betwixt_o 20_o and_o 30_o piece_n of_o artillery_n ready_a to_o march_v where_o there_o be_v occasion_n garrison_n the_o garrison_n consist_v of_o a_o battalion_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o earl_n of_o monmouth_n regiment_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o lordship_n regiment_n quarter_n in_o guernezey_n militia_n the_o militia_n or_o train'dband_n be_v form_v into_o 4_o regiment_n of_o infantry_n and_o one_o troop_n of_o horse_n make_v in_o all_o about_o 3000_o men._n they_o be_v all_o fire-arm_n pike_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o this_o island_n chap._n iu._n civil_a jurisdiction_n jurat_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n how_o the_o office_n of_o bailly_n be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o governor_n which_o two_o office_n be_v former_o unite_v in_o the_o same_o person_n the_o bailly_n under_o the_o present_a constitution_n be_v a_o officer_n of_o great_a dignity_n 68_o he_o be_v the_o head_n of_o justice_n and_o hold_v immediate_o by_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n who_o he_o represent_v in_o court_n where_o his_o seat_n be_v raise_v above_o that_o of_o the_o governor_n he_o can_v nevertheless_o act_v only_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o jurat_n who_o be_v twelve_o in_o number_n of_o royal_a institution_n but_o of_o popular_a election_n for_o k._n john_n be_v in_o jersey_n and_o find_v justice_n administer_v there_o in_o a_o manner_n arbitrary_o by_o one_o who_o have_v the_o civil_a and_o military_a power_n in_o his_o hand_n assisted_z only_o by_o those_o we_o call_v franc_n tenans_n and_o that_o only_a thrice_o a_o year_n and_o he_o not_o tie_v to_o follow_v their_o opinion_n neither_o think_v fit_a to_o establish_v such_o a_o form_n of_o jurisdiction_n here_o as_o be_v use_v in_o gascogne_n consist_v of_o twelve_o man_n who_o be_v to_o be_v perpetual_a assistant_n to_o the_o bailly_n and_o eligible_a by_o the_o people_n these_o he_o call_v coronatores_fw-la jurati_fw-la i._n e._n swear_a coroner_n as_o may_v be_v see_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o their_o creation_n vii_o instituit_fw-la duodecim_fw-la coronatores_fw-la juratos_fw-la ad_fw-la placita_fw-la &_o jura_n spectantia_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la custodienda_fw-la etc._n etc._n coronator_n say_v the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n apud_fw-la nos_fw-la coronâ—e_fw-la officialis_fw-la pervetustus_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la tuendam_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la regiam_fw-la in_o quovis_fw-la comitatu_fw-la populi_fw-la suffragiis_fw-la constitutus_fw-la 192._o in_o ancient_a time_n say_v my_o lord_n coke_n it_o be_v a_o office_n of_o great_a estimation_n in_o england_n for_o none_o can_v have_v it_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o knight_n 271._o these_o twelve_o magistrate_n in_o jersey_n be_v now_o know_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o jurat_n or_o justiciaries_n that_o of_o coroner_n be_v whole_o disuse_v jurat_n the_o manner_n of_o choose_v a_o jurat_fw-la in_o jersey_n be_v this_o upon_o a_o vacancy_n the_o court_n issue_v out_o a_o act_n or_o writ_n of_o election_n fix_v the_o day_n which_o be_v always_o a_o sunday_n and_o appoint_v one_o from_o their_o own_o body_n to_o collect_v the_o vote_n and_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n the_o act_n or_o writ_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o minister_n who_o after_o divine_a service_n read_v it_o from_o the_o pulpit_n set_v out_o usual_o in_o a_o short_a speech_n the_o duty_n and_o obligation_n incumbent_a on_o those_o that_o aspire_v to_o that_o magistrature_n and_o recommend_v to_o the_o people_n the_o choice_n of_o such_o a_o one_o who_o for_o his_o knowledge_n and_o ability_n his_o integrity_n and_o love_n to_o justice_n his_o zeal_n for_o the_o establish_v religion_n and_o government_n and_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o assection_n of_o his_o country_n they_o know_v to_o be_v of_o all_o other_o fit_a for_o the_o place_n the_o people_n give_v their_o voice_n at_o the_o church-door_n as_o they_o go_v out_o and_o he_o that_o have_v the_o majority_n throughout_o the_o island_n be_v declare_v due_o elect_v without_o the_o verdict_n and_o opinion_n of_o these_o twelve_o the_o bailly_n can_v pronounce_v in_o case_n of_o inequality_n of_o opinion_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v the_o majority_n but_o he_o have_v the_o choice_n betwixt_o opinion_n equal_a in_o number_n court._n beside_o the_o bailly_n and_o jurat_n there_o go_v to_o make_v up_o the_o court_n several_a other_o officer_n as_o the_o king_n procurator_n and_o advocate_n or_o the_o attorney_n and_o solicitor_n the_o viscount_n or_o sheriff_n the_o gressier_n or_o clerk_n six_o advocate_n or_o solicitor_n at_o the_o bar_n two_o denunciator_n or_o under-sheriff_n and_o last_o the_o usher_n no_o swear_v but_o a_o necessary_a officer_n to_o keep_v order_n court._n the_o court_n thus_o compose_v be_v a_o royal_a court_n have_v cognizance_n of_o all_o plea_n real_a personal_n mix_v or_o criminal_a arise_v within_o the_o island_n treason_n only_o except_v and_o some_o other_o casus_fw-la nimis_fw-la ardui_fw-la vii_o which_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy-council_n to_o who_o alone_o this_o court_n be_v subordinate_a nor_o can_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v sue_v in_o any_o of_o the_o court_n of_o westminster_n for_o any_o matter_n or_o cause_n arise_v as_o be_v say_v before_o within_o the_o same_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o k._n edward_n i_o and_o throughout_o the_o weak_a reign_n of_o edward_n two_o a_o great_a breach_n be_v make_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n by_o the_o itinerant_a judge_n send_v over_o hither_o who_o as_o the_o record_n of_o that_o time_n do_v witness_n so_o ply_v the_o poor_a inhabitant_n with_o quo_n warranto_n call_v into_o question_n not_o only_o public_a grant_n and_o privilege_n but_o also_o private_a man_n title_n and_o property_n remit_v they_o for_o further_a vexation_n to_o the_o king's-bench_n that_o none_o be_v secure_a of_o what_o he_o possess_v which_o trouble_v continue_v till_o the_o 5_o year_n of_o edward_n iii_n when_o upon_o a_o petition_n of_o both_o island_n still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o treasury_n at_o westminster_n 3._o that_o horrid_a justice_n be_v supersede_v and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n as_o establish_v by_o k._n john_n with_o other_o public_a franchise_n and_o immunity_n be_v confirm_v to_o we_o by_o a_o new_a and_o general_a charter_n appeal_n appeal_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o council-board_n in_o matter_n of_o civil_a property_n above_o the_o value_n of_o 300_o livre_n tournois_n but_o no_o appeal_n be_v admit_v in_o matter_n of_o less_o value_n nor_o in_o interlocutories_n nor_o in_o criminal_a cause_n which_o be_v judge_v here_o without_o appeal_n i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n except_v from_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o bailly_n and_o jurat_n have_v scarce_o afford_v a_o example_n among_o we_o for_o these_o 500_o year_n last_o pass_v geoffrey_n wallis_n or_o welch_n seigneur_n of_o 8t_n german_a handois_n and_o other_o fief_n in_o this_o island_n be_v indeed_o slay_v in_o barnet-field_n with_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n his_o master_n fight_v against_o edward_n iv_o for_o which_o his_o estate_n be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n but_o it_o be_v afterward_o by_o henry_n vii_o declare_v no_o felony_n because_o do_v in_o favour_n of_o henry_n vi_o who_o be_v then_o still_o live_v in_o a_o doubtful_a quarrel_n and_o the_o estate_n be_v adjudge_v and_o order_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o john_n fantleroy_n his_o next_o heir_n sir_n richard_n harliston_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o and_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o this_o island_n side_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n with_o the_o house_n of_o york_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n henry_n vii_o delude_v by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o the_o lady_n margaret_n and_o the_o imposture_n of_o perkin_n warbeck_n forfeit_v also_o both_o his_o government_n and_o estate_n in_o this_o island_n but_o neither_o will_v this_o example_n reach_v our_o case_n royal._n our_o king_n have_v
sed_fw-la ibidem_fw-la omnino_fw-la terminari_fw-la ix_o insuper_fw-la constituit_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la pacificè_fw-la tenuerit_fw-la sine_fw-la brevi_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la de_fw-la cancellariâ_fw-la de_fw-fr tenente_fw-la &_o tenemento_fw-it faciente_fw-la mentionem_fw-la respondere_fw-la debeat_fw-la neque_fw-la teneatur_fw-la this_o be_v add_v to_o protect_v the_o islander_n against_o the_o oppression_n and_o vexation_n of_o the_o then_o governor_n this_o article_n be_v now_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n x._o item_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la pro_fw-la feloniâ_fw-la damnatus_fw-la extrà _fw-la insulas_fw-la praedictas_fw-la haereditates_fw-la svas_fw-la infrà _fw-la insulas_fw-la forisfacere_fw-la potest_fw-la quin_fw-la haeredes_fw-la svi_fw-la eas_fw-la habeant_fw-la xi_o item_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la forisfecerit_fw-la &_o abjuraverit_fw-la insulam_fw-la &_o posteà _fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la pacem_fw-la svam_fw-la ei_fw-la concesserit_fw-la &_o infrà _fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la abjurationis_fw-la revertatur_fw-la ad_fw-la insulam_fw-la de_fw-la haereditate_fw-la suâ_fw-la plenariè_fw-la debet_fw-la restitui_fw-la xii_o item_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la debet_fw-la imprisonari_fw-la in_o castro_n nisi_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la criminali_fw-la vitam_fw-la vel_fw-la membrum_fw-la tangente_fw-it &_o hoc_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la duodecim_fw-la coronatorum_fw-la juratorum_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la liberis_fw-la prisonis_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la deputatis_fw-la xiii_o item_n quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la praepositum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la prohibere_fw-la debeat_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la electionem_fw-la patriotarum_fw-la this_o article_n regard_v guernezey_n only_o where_o they_o have_v a_o provost_n in_o jersey_n we_o have_v a_o viscount_n but_o these_o two_o officer_n be_v much_o the_o same_o fourteen_o item_n constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la insulani_fw-la non_fw-la debeant_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la ad_fw-la assisas_n capiendas_fw-la assignatis_fw-la seu_fw-la alia_fw-la placita_fw-la tenenda_fw-la respondere_fw-la antequà m_fw-la transcripta_fw-la commissionum_fw-la eorundem_fw-la sub_fw-la sigillis_fw-la suis_fw-la eye_n liberentur_fw-la xv._n item_n quod_fw-la justiciarii_fw-la per_fw-la commissionem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ad_fw-la assisas_n capiendas_fw-la ibidem_fw-la assignati_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la tenere_fw-la placita_fw-la in_o quâlibet_fw-la dictarum_fw-la insularum_fw-la ultrà _fw-la spatium_fw-la trium_fw-la septimanarum_fw-la xvi_o item_n quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insulani_fw-la coram_fw-la dictis_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la post_fw-la tempus_fw-la praedictum_fw-la venire_fw-la non_fw-la tenentur_fw-la xvii_o item_n quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la non_fw-la tenentur_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la homagium_fw-la facere_fw-la donec_fw-la ipse_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n illas_fw-la seu_fw-la infrà _fw-la ducatum_fw-la normanniae_fw-la venerit_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquem_fw-la alium_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la svas_fw-la assignare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la in_o iisdem_fw-la partibus_fw-la ad_fw-la praedictum_fw-la homagium_fw-la nomine_fw-la svo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la recipiendum_fw-la xviii_o item_n statutum_n est_fw-la pro_fw-la tuitione_n &_o salvatione_fw-la insularum_fw-la &_o castrorum_fw-la &_o maximè_fw-la quia_fw-la insulae_fw-la propè_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o juxtà _fw-la potestatem_fw-la regis_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la inimicorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la portus_n insularum_fw-la benè_fw-la custodirentur_fw-la &_o custodes_fw-la portuum_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la constituere_fw-la praecipit_fw-la nè_fw-la damna_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la eveniant_fw-la there_o be_v some_o other_o article_n which_o be_v also_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n i_o purposely_o omit_v these_o constitution_n of_o k._n john_n be_v afterward_o renew_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n iii_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o philip_n de_fw-fr aubigny_n lord_n or_o governor_n of_o these_o island_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 33_o â—_o by_o these_o constitution_n we_o have_v a_o jurisdiction_n establish_v among_o ourselves_o and_o our_o property_n secure_v against_o vexatious_a suit_n and_o evocation_n into_o england_n iii_o we_o have_v next_o the_o charter_n of_o edward_n iii_n which_o be_v only_a general_n and_o confirmative_a of_o former_a grant_n ii_o we_o have_v two_o charter_n of_o richard_n two_o the_o first_o general_n and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o edward_n iii_n both_o contain_v in_o a_o inspeximus_fw-la of_o henry_n iu._n the_o second_o more_o particular_a exempt_n we_o for_o ever_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o tax_n impost_n and_o custom_n in_o all_o city_n market-town_n and_o port_n of_o england_n quodque_fw-la ipsi_fw-la viz._n insulani_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o perpetuùm_fw-la sint_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o quieti_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la villis_fw-la mercatoriis_fw-la &_o portubus_fw-la infrà _fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la omnimodis_fw-la theloniis_fw-la exactionibus_fw-la custumis_n talitèr_fw-la &_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la quo_fw-la fideles_fw-la ligei_n nostri_fw-la in_o nostro_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la extiterunt_fw-la iu._n the_o charter_n of_o edward_n iv_o extend_v this_o privilege_n to_o all_o place_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n concessimus_fw-la eidem_fw-la genti_fw-la &_o communitati_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la sint_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o quieti_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la villis_fw-la mercatoriis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la villis_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o locis_fw-la infrà _fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o infrà _fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o insulas_fw-la nostras_fw-la citrà _fw-la vel_fw-la ultrà _fw-la mare_fw-la sit_fw-la as_o vel_fw-la situatas_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la theloniis_fw-la custumis_n subsidiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v also_o a_o clause_n in_o this_o charter_n that_o confirm_v all_o our_o ancient_a right_n liberty_n and_o franchise_n infrà _fw-la insulam_fw-la i._n e._n within_o the_o island_n whereby_o be_v mean_v among_o other_o thing_n a_o exemption_n and_o immunity_n from_o all_o tax_n and_o subsidy_n within_o the_o same_o which_o exemption_n be_v the_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o this_o island_n and_o have_v be_v peaceable_o enjoy_v by_o we_o to_o this_o day_n et_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la dicta_fw-la gens_n &_o communitas_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la insulae_fw-la de_fw-fr jeresey_n haeredes_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o gaudeant_fw-la omne_fw-la jura_n libertates_fw-la &_o franchisias_n sua_fw-la infrà _fw-la eandem_fw-la insulam_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v too_o long_o to_o mention_v the_o follow_a charter_n and_o grant_n of_o henry_n vii_o henry_n viii_o edward_n vi_o q._n marry_o q._n elizabeth_n and_o so_o down_o to_o our_o time_n in_o general_n by_o they_o all_o the_o forego_n privilege_n be_v ratify_v explain_v and_o enlarge_v with_o ample_a addition_n and_o we_o be_v make_v equal_a in_o point_n of_o commerce_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o majesty_n english_a subject_n privilege_n i_o shall_v insist_v somewhat_o long_o on_o a_o very_a singular_a privilege_n belong_v to_o we_o in_o common_a with_o the_o other_o island_n of_o this_o tract_n which_o be_v a_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o trade_n in_o these_o island_n and_o the_o sea_n adjacent_a for_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o well_o as_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n i_o shall_v first_o set_v down_o this_o privilege_n in_o the_o word_n of_o our_o charter_n and_o then_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o it_o by_o writer_n and_o what_o appear_v thereof_o upon_o practice_n ii_o cùmque_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la jurisdictiones_fw-la immunitates_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o franchisâ—ae_n per_fw-la praedictos_fw-la progenitores_fw-la &_o precedessores_fw-la nostros_fw-la quondam_a reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o deuce_n normanniae_fw-la ac_fw-la alios_fw-la praefatae_fw-la insulae_fw-la jersey_n indulta_fw-la donata_fw-la concessa_fw-la &_o confirmata_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ac_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la infrà _fw-la insulam_fw-la &_o loca_fw-la maritima_n praenominata_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la vsitata_fw-la &_o observata_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la unum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la tempore_fw-la belli_n omnium_fw-la nationum_fw-la mercatores_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la tà m_fw-la alienigeni_fw-la quam_fw-la indigeni_fw-la tà m_fw-la host_n quam_fw-la amici_fw-la liberè_fw-la licitè_fw-fr &_o impunè_fw-la queant_fw-la &_o possint_fw-la dictam_fw-la insulam_fw-la &_o loca_fw-la maritima_n cum_fw-la navibus_fw-la mercibus_fw-la &_o bonis_fw-la suis_fw-la tà m_fw-la pro_fw-la evitandis_fw-la tempestatibus_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la licitis_fw-la suis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la inibi_fw-la peragendis_fw-la adire_fw-la accedere_fw-la commeare_fw-la &_o frequentare_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la commercia_fw-la negotiationes_fw-la ac_fw-la rem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la ibidem_fw-la exercere_fw-la ac_fw-la tutò_fw-la &_o securè_fw-la commorari_fw-la inde_fw-la recommeare_v ac_fw-la redire_fw-la toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la absque_fw-la damno_fw-la molestiâ_fw-la seu_fw-la hostilitate_fw-la quácunque_fw-la in_fw-la rebus_fw-la mercibus_fw-la bonis_fw-la aut_fw-la corporibus_fw-la suis_fw-la idque_fw-la non_fw-la solùm_fw-la infrà _fw-la insulam_fw-la loca_fw-la maritima_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ac_fw-la praecinctum_fw-la eorundem_fw-la verùm_fw-la etiam_fw-la infrà _fw-la spatia_fw-la undique_fw-la ab_fw-la eisdem_fw-la distantia_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la visum_fw-la hominis_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la quatenùs_fw-la visus_fw-la oculi_fw-la posset_n assequi_fw-la nos_fw-la eandem_fw-la immunitatem_fw-la impunitatem_fw-la libertatem_fw-la ac_fw-la privilegium_fw-la ac_fw-la cetera_fw-la omne_fw-la praemissa_fw-la ultimò_fw-la recitata_fw-la rata_fw-la grataque_fw-la habentes_fw-la
existentibus_fw-la in_o eisdem_fw-la insulis_fw-la quod_fw-la eidem_fw-la richardo_n tanquam_fw-la ballivo_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la in_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la praedictas_fw-la insulaâ—_n pertinentibus_fw-la intendentes_fw-la sint_fw-la &_o respondentes_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la etc._n etc._n t._n ut_fw-la sup_n eodem_fw-la a_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la commisit_fw-la hugoni_n de_fw-fr s._n phileberto_n insulam_fw-la de_fw-fr jeresey_n cum_fw-la castro_n ibidem_fw-la custodiend_n etc._n etc._n et_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la militibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la ei_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ballivo_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n t._n r._n apud_fw-la westm_n 12_o die_v febr._n an._n 11._o h._n 3._o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la commisit_fw-la wilhelmo_n de_fw-fr s._n johanne_n insulas_fw-la de_fw-fr jereseye_n &_o gerneseye_n cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la insulis_fw-la &_o castris_fw-la suis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la custodiend_n etc._n etc._n t._n r._n apud_fw-la westm_n etc._n etc._n et_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la militibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la eidem_fw-la wilhelmo_n tanquam_fw-la ballivo_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n t._n ut_fw-la sup_n vid._n spelman_n glossar_n in_o voce_fw-la baillivus_fw-la pag._n 68_o elizabeth_z castle_z castle_z q._n d._n insaletta_n mont-orgueil_a castle_n st._n aubin_n fort._n grosnéz_v cast_v battery_n etc._n etc._n about_o the_o coast_n garrison_n militia_n bailly_n and_o jurat_n jurat_n baillivus_fw-la apud_fw-la gallos_n splendidus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la est_fw-la spelman_n glossar_n pag._n 68_o 68_o constitutiones_fw-la johannis_n regis_fw-la art_n 1._o vid._n insrà _fw-la cap._n vii_o vii_o glossar_n in_o voce_fw-la pag._n 192._o 192._o iv_o part_n of_o the_o institutes_n cap._n lix_n pag._n 271._o election_n of_o the_o jurat_n officer_n of_o the_o court._n power_n of_o the_o court._n court._n constit_fw-la johannis_n regis_fw-la art_n v._o vid._n infrà _fw-la cap._n vii_o vii_o mich._n 6._o e._n 3._o appeal_n commissioner_n royal._n royal._n constit_fw-la johan_n regis_fw-la art_n v._o &_o vii_o vid._n infrà _fw-la cap._n vii_o vii_o iv._o part_n of_o the_o institut_n cap._n lxx_o pag._n 286._o law_n custom_n of_o normandy_n local_a usage_n order_n of_o council_n precedent_n precedent_n lord_n coke_n iv._o part_n of_o the_o institut_n cap._n lxx_o pag._n 287._o court_n of_o inheritance_n court_n of_o catel_n criminal_a cause_n the_o court_n extraordinary_n or_o billet_v the_o saturday_n court_n term_n cohue_n royal_a pagan_a altar_n plantation_n of_o christianity_n christianity_n girald_n cambr._n itinerar_n lib._n ii_o cap_n i._o the_o seed_n menevens_n dargentré_fw-fr hist_o de_fw-fr bretagne_n lib._n i._o cap._n xv._n pag._n 65._o andreae_n saussayi_n martyrolog_n gallican_n mens_fw-la octob._n pars_fw-la poster_n sol_fw-it 774._o usserii_fw-la primord_n f._n 531._o capgrave_n in_o s._n samson_n samson_n some_o say_v he_o bring_v the_o pall_n from_o menevia_n or_o st._n david_n with_o he_o into_o bretagne_n bretagne_n dargentré_fw-fr lib._n i._n ch._n xxviii_o pag._n 132._o 132._o there_o be_v a_o church_n in_o guernesey_n dedicate_v to_o his_o memory_n and_o that_o bear_v his_o name_n to_o this_o day_n st._n samson_n samson_n petrus_n de_fw-fr natalibus_n lib._n ix_o cap_n ciii_o benedict_n gonon_n aquavitae_fw-la patrum_fw-la occident_n lib._n iii_o fol._n 145._o nova_fw-la leg._n angl._n lond._n 1516._o de_fw-fr st._n maglorio_n episcopo_fw-la &_o confessore_fw-la mss_n mr._n poingdestro_n poingdestro_n dargentré_fw-fr hist_o de_fw-fr bretag_n lib._n ii_o ch._n xliv_o pag._n 166._o 166._o hugo_n floriac_n in_o chronic_n apud_fw-la du_n chesne_n tom._n 3._o pag._n 343._o 343._o paris_n ancien_fw-fr &_o nouveau_fw-fr par_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr le_fw-fr maire_n tom._n i._o pag._n 356._o 356._o gregor_n turon_n hist_o franc._n lib._n i._o cap._n xviii_o aymon_n monach_n de_fw-fr gest_n franc._n lib_fw-la iii_o cap._n xxvi_o pag._n 99_o papyr_n masson_n annal._n lib._n i._o pag._n 52._o abregè_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'historie_n de_fw-fr normandy_n ch._n ii_o pag._n 33._o pretextat_fw-fr priué_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr archeveschê_fw-la fut_fw-fr releguâ—_n en_fw-fr l'isle_n de_fw-fr gersey_n dans_fw-fr le_fw-fr territoire_fw-fr de_fw-fr constances_n constances_n hist_o eccles_n pag._n 560._o foundation_n of_o church_n etc._n etc._n chapelle_n des_fw-fr pas._n la_fw-fr hougue_n hougue_n mss._n philippi_n de_fw-fr carteret_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n reformation_n reformation_n fox_n act_n and_o monument_n ad_fw-la annum_fw-la 1556._o pag._n 1763._o etc._n etc._n etc._n police_n &_o discipline_n ecclesiastic_a des_fw-fr eglise_n reformées_fw-fr és_fw-fr isle_n de_fw-fr jersey_n &_o de_fw-fr guernezey_n serk_n &_o oriny_a arrestée_n &_o conclues_fw-mi d'un_fw-fr commun_fw-fr accord_n par_fw-fr messieurs_fw-fr les_fw-fr gouverneurs_fw-fr des_fw-fr dite_fw-fr isles_n &_o les_fw-fr ministres_n &_o anciens_fw-fr assemblês_fw-fr au_fw-fr synod_n tenu_fw-fr a_fw-fr guernezey_n au_fw-fr nom_fw-fr de_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr les_fw-fr dite_fw-fr eglise_n le_v 28_o jour_fw-fr du_fw-fr mois_fw-fr de_fw-fr juin_n l'an_v 1576._o mss._n mss._n grandfather_n to_o david_n bandinel_n seigneur_n of_o bagot_n now_o live_v one_o of_o the_o jurat_n of_o the_o royal_a court_n a_o magistrate_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o reputation_n reputation_n mss._n phil._n de_fw-fr carteret_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n etc._n exception_n exception_n here_o follow_v a_o table_n of_o fee_n not_o think_v necessary_a to_o be_v english_v english_v george_n abbot_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n canterbury_n john_n williams_z bishop_n of_o lincoln_n and_o lord_n keeper_z of_o the_o â—eat_n sâ—â—l_o sâ—â—l_o lancelot_n andrews_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n diocese_n diocese_n vid._n suprà _fw-la pag._n 115_o 116_o etc._n etc._n etc._n rotul_n insular_n in_o scaccar_n dean_n dean_n clous_n 23._o e._n i._o m._n 6._o cedul_a edwardus_fw-la etc._n etc._n dilecto_fw-la &_o fideli_fw-la svo_fw-la henrico_n de_fw-fr cobham_n custodi_fw-la insular_n de_fw-fr gerneseye_n &_o geressey_n salutem_fw-la quia_fw-la accepimus_fw-la quod_fw-la decanus_n insulae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la de_fw-la genereye_v praedictae_fw-la super_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la quae_fw-la spectant_fw-la ad_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o eâdem_fw-la insulâ_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la hactenus_fw-la extitit_fw-la impeditus_fw-la quo_fw-la minùs_fw-la eaâ—â—_n exercere_fw-la possit_fw-la â—t_a debet_fw-la nolentes_fw-la eidem_fw-la decano_fw-la injuriari_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsum_fw-la decanum_n jurisdictâ—nâ—_n suà _fw-la pâ—â—ifiâ—â—_n uti_fw-la pâ—rmittatis_fw-la prout_fw-la eâ—_n uti_fw-la debet_fw-la &_o hactenus_fw-la uti_fw-la consuâ—vit_fw-la itâ—_n tamen_fw-la quoâ—_n nihil_fw-la exerceat_fw-la in_o praejudicium_fw-la nostrae_fw-la regius_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la nosque_fw-la super_fw-la causâ_fw-la impedimenti_fw-la praedicti_fw-la per_fw-la uâ—s_fw-la eidem_fw-la dâ—cano_fw-mi siâ—_n illati_fw-la in_fw-la proximo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la sub_fw-la sigillo_fw-la vestro_fw-la distiâ—â—â—â—_n &_o aperte_n râ—ddâ—tis_fw-la certiâ—res_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n 26._o diâ—_n augusti_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—ostri_fw-la 23._o vid._n ryley_n placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la in_o appendicâ—_n pag._n 468._o want_v of_o confirmation_n patronage_n of_o the_o church_n impropriation_n black-book_n of_o coûtance_n coûtance_n sup_v â—x_fw-la mss._n gall._n gall._n villers_n canivet_n diaces_n sagiens_fw-la sagiens_fw-la mss._n gall._n curvatâ_fw-la curvatâ_fw-la id._n nobretey_n nobretey_n the_o bishop_n of_o auranche_n auranche_n suppl_n ex_fw-la mss._n gall._n gall._n auranche_n auranche_n vauvect_n vauvect_n de_fw-fr l'essay_n ord._n bened._n in_o diaces_n constant_n constant_n suppl_n ex_fw-la mss._n gall._n exemption_n from_o first-fruit_n church-treasury_n free-school_n fellowship_n etc._n etc._n in_o oxford_n oxford_n aristot_n polit_n l._n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d member_n of_o the_o state_n rule_n for_o their_o sit_v governor_n negative_a voice_n raise_v of_o money_n constable_n motive_n for_o our_o privilege_n k._n john_n constitution_n constitution_n rot._n ii_o 3._o 3._o commissioner_n royal._n charter_n of_o edward_n iii_o â—â—of_n rich._n ii_o â—â—of_n edw._n iu._n â—â—of_n hen._n vii_o hen._n viii_o edw._n vi_o q._n mary_n q._n eliz._n etc._n etc._n notable_a privilege_n privilege_n see_v the_o charter_n of_o ed._n iu._n henry_n vii_o henry_n viii_o edward_n vi_o q._n elizabeth_n k._n james_n i._n k._n charles_n i._n k._n ch._n ii_o and_o k._n james_n ii_o ii_o viz._n de_fw-fr jersey_n jersey_n iiime_n party_n art_n xxi_o §._o 6._o pag._n 357._o dabondant_fw-fr si_fw-fr la_fw-fr prise_fw-la a_fw-fr esté_fw-fr faite_fw-fr en_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr d'azyle_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr refuge_n comme_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr isles_n &_o mer_n the_o gerzay_n &_o grenezay_o en_fw-fr la_fw-fr coste_n de_fw-fr normandy_n auquelles_fw-fr les_fw-fr francois_n &_o anglois_n pour_fw-fr quelque_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr qu'il_fw-fr y_fw-fr ait_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr deux_fw-fr couronnes_fw-fr ne_fw-fr doivent_fw-fr insulter_n ou_fw-fr courre_n l'un_fw-fr sur_fw-fr l'autre_fw-fr tant_fw-fr &_o si_fw-fr loin_n que_fw-fr s'estend_v l'aspect_n ou_fw-fr la_fw-fr veûe_fw-fr desdite_n isle_n isle_n de_fw-fr insul_n brit._n pag._n 855._o 855._o lib._n ii_o cap._n xix_o pag._n 376._o et_fw-la iterùm_fw-la lib._n ii_o cap._n xxii_o pag._n 412_o etc._n etc._n etc._n jersey_n jersey_n guernezey_n guernezey_n survey_n ch._n 1._o pag._n 300._o 300._o mss._n 〈◊〉_d mâ—_n mâ—_n vid._n act_n of_o the_o state_n state_n chronique_a mss._n de_fw-fr l'isle_n the_o gersey_n chap_n xxv_o xxv_o this_o plea_n be_v in_o print_n print_n vid._n act_n of_o the_o court._n