difficulties by his establishment of an Astronomy-Lecture in the same University a little before Archbishop Usher consulted him upon all occasions and in return Ep 61. gave him great assistance in the affairs of Ireland â—ee the several Epistles to Mr. Camden as the learned Dr. John Jonston of Aberdeen did in the Antiquities of Scotland Sir Robert Cotton was his Companion both in studies and travels both at home and abroad He and his Library were the two Oracles Mr. Camden generally consulted and his journey to Carlisle in the year 1600. was render'd much more pleasant and profitable by the company of so true a friend and so great a master of Antiquities Dr. Francis Godwin first Bishop of Landaff and then of Hereford afforded him the same satisfaction in his journey into Wales Dr. James the first Keeper of Sir Thomas Bodley's Library in Oxford was very useful to him in his studies as we learn from some Letters that he receiv'd from him I am willing to take this opportunity of publishing them because they all relate to the affairs of Learning and we cannot doubt but if these had come to hand the excellent Editor of his Epistles would have allow'd them a place among the rest My loving and good Mr. James YOUR great pains to satisfie my desire omitting thereby your private business hath been far more than I could wish you should have undergone and much more than I can deserve and therefore requireth greater thanks than in words I can remember but assure your self I will register them up in a most thankful mind As soon as ever the year openeth with God's grace I will take a journey to Cambridge to satisfie my self with Essebiensis and some other specified in your Catalogue albeit that I see in matters before the Norman Conquest in the paucity of Writers they do all trace one another and therefore few especial Notes do occur in them In the mean with a million of hearty thanks to you and my hearty commendations to Mr Causton I rest greatly indebted to you Your loving Friend William Camden Good Mr. Causton and my good Mr. James LET it not seem strange that I should conjoin you two thus jointly in one when as love and good liking with the mother of friendship similitudo studiorum hath so assuredly link'd you together I most heartily thank you both the one for opening the passage and entrance and the other for admitting me into his amity And verily in this behalf I do congratulate inwardly to my self that I have now gotten so good a Friend unto whom I solemnly vow I will most willingly perform all offices of true friendship whatsoever Only I am sorry that I was then absent when I should have enjoy'd his presence the last week at London But more sorry am I that the good opportunity of those good MSS. hath overslipp'd me for the Printer who is impatient of stay is now already forward and my occasions will not permit me to come now to Cambridge I have long since seen Fordon Gervasius Tilburiensis Gualterus Conventrensis and Trivet some Copies are here extant amongst my friends and lately I happen'd upon Talbot's notes in Antonini Itinerarium only I desire you to look into that Exameron Angliae and Notabilia Bristoliae and Worcester if there be any special observations as also in the Historical Epitome of Alexander Essebiensis As for his Poem of the Festival days I long since read it over Thus commending my self to your good love conjointly and you both to the gracious protection of the Almighty I heartily bid you farewell resting Yours most assuredly Will. Camden Decemb. 6. 1599. Right Worshipful MY ancient good Friend Casper Gevartius living now at Paris a man by his works not unknown to you so conversant among Books hath written to me as much is herein enclosed My desire is that you would satisfie him by me if there be in your Library any such MS. of Manilius Astronomicon I have been inform'd that there is one and that a learned Student of your University hath conferr'd it with Scaliger's edition If this be true I most earnestly request you to communicate thus much with him and to understand whether he be purpos'd to set it out himself if not whether he will be content to impart Variantes Lectiones with Gevartius who I presume so much of his candour will not defraud him of the honour due to his Labour and Learning if not I will send you a Copy of Scaliger's Edition and desire you to get some Student to confer it with the MS. and I will satisfie him to his full contentation and shall rest indebted to you for your care herein Your loving Friend assuredly W. Camden Clarenceux Westm 22. Jan. 1614. Anni Juliani Sir Henry Spelman calls himself his Ep. 226. ancient Friend and in his account of the Society of Antiquaries which settl'd in London makes Mr. Camden one of the chief I find it before his original Manuscript of the History of Terms by way of Preface but the Publisher thereof has follow'd an imperfect Copy and nothing of it appears in the printed Books It may be a piece of service to supply that defect and not at all unseasonable in this place since it gives us a further light into Mr. Camden's Acquaintance and shows us what that age took to be the most effectual method for improvement of Ancient Learning ABout 42 years since divers Gentlemen in London Sir Henry Spelman's Preface to his Law-Terms studious of Antiquities fram'd themselves into a College or Society of Antiquaries appointing to meet every Friday weekly in the Term at a place agreed of and for Learning sake to confer upon some questions in that faculty and to supp together The place after a meeting or two became certain at Darby-house where the Herald's Office is kept and two Questions were propounded at every meeting to be handled at the next that follow'd so that every man had a senight's respite to advise upon them and then to deliver his opinion That which seem'd most material was by one of the company chosen for the purpose to be enter'd in a book that so it might remain unto posterity The Society encreas'd daily many persons of great worth as well noble as other Learned joyning themselves unto it Thus it continu'd divers years but as all good uses commonly decline so many of the chief supporters hereof either dying or withdrawing themselves from London into the Country this among the rest grew for 20 years to be discontinu'd But it then came again into the mind of divers principal Gentlemen to revive it and for that purpose upon the day of in the year 1614. there met at the same place Sir James Ley Knight then Attorney of the Court of Wards since Earl of Marlebury and Lord Treasurer of England Sir Robert Cotton Knight and Baronet Sir John Davies his Majesty's Attorney for Ireland Sir Richard St. George Knight then Norrey Mr. Hackwell the Queen's
Ouse as appears by a distich in a window of S. Helen's Church there and turned the high road hither for a short cut it became so much frequented as to be reckon'd amongst the principal towns of this County having a Mayor and much enriching it self by steep'd barley sprouting and chitting again which the Greeks call Byne and we Mault Mault It hath besides a Cross of excellent workmanship in the middle of the Market-place erected as 't is reported in the reign of K. Henry 6. by the fraternity of St. Cross instituted by him As Cissa was the founder of this Abbey so Cilla as I have it out of an old book King Cedwalla's sister built a Nunnery at Helnestow near the Thames where her self presided over the Virgins who were afterwards translated to Witham In the heat of the war between Offa and Kinulph the Nuns upon the building of a castle there retired from thence For after that Kinulph was overthrown whatsoever lay under his jurisdiction from the town of Wallingford in the south part from Ichenilde-streete as far as * Now Ashbury near Whitehorse Hill Essebury and in the north part as far as the River Thames King Offa seiz'd upon Near unto it north-west lies Lee which by the daughter of a certain Knight sirnam'd de Lee fell to the family of the Besiles Besiles Lee. Fetiplace and thence came to be call'd Besiles-Lee and from that family in right of marriage to Richard Fetiplace whose progenitor Thomas brought some honour to his posterity by matching with Beatrix a natural daughter of John 1. King of Portugal 1 And widow to Gilbert Lord Talbot from whom they are descended But now let us return Hard by Abington the little River Ock which washes the south-side of the town and over which Sir John St. Helens Knight formerly built a bridge gently falls into the Ouse It hath it's rise in the vale of White-horse scarce a mile or two from Kingston-Lisle Viscounts Lisle anciently the possession of Warin de Insula or Lisle a noble Baron John Talbot a younger son of that famous Warriour John Earl of Shrewsbury being by the mother's side descended from that Baron was first created Baron L'isle 2 By K. Henry 6. as Warin de Insula was before in regard of his being possess'd of this place as if that honour were annext to it and afterwards Viscount L'isle 3 By a Patent without any such regard This title by the favour of our Kings hath in a continued series still flourish'd in his posterity For to sum up all in short when Thomas Talbot son of that John dy'd issueless being shot through the mouth with an arrow as in a skirmish he was defending his estate against Baron Barkley Edward Grey who had marry'd his sister receiv'd the same honour from King Richard 3. and had a son nam'd John whose only daughter and heir being an infant was contracted to Charles Brandon by King Henry 8. and thereupon he became Viscount L'isle but she dying before the solemnization of the marriage this his title dy'd with her Afterwards the same King Henry conferr'd this honour upon Arthur Plantagenet a natural son of King Edward 4. who had marry'd Elizabeth the sister of John Grey Viscount L'isle Edmund Dudley's widow And upon his dying without issue-male John Dudley son of Edmund Dudley by the same Elizabeth Grey afterwards Duke of Northumberland 4 In the time of K. Edward 6. was honour'd by the same King with this title But he being attainted 5 By Queen Mary Queen Elizabeth restor'd in blood his son Ambrose and before she created him Earl of Warwick the same day made him Baron L'isle 6 Who ended his life issueless and Robert Sidney his sister's son a person illustrious for his so noble descent and his own virtues was honour'd with the title of Viscount L'isle 1605. by King James who had before created him Baron Sidney of Pensherst and likewise made him Lord Chamberlain to his Royal Consort Queen Ann d Thence this river Ock just now mention'd runs between Pusey Pusey still in the possession of a Family of that Sirname and held by a Horn given to their ancestors by King Canutus the Dane e and the two Denchworths hard by Denchworth where two noble and ancient Families have long flourish'd Hide at South-Denchworth and Fetiplace at North-Denchworth both which may seem to have sprung from the same stock considering they give the same Coat of Arms. After this the Ock receives a nameless rivulet which flows out of the same Vale about Wantage call'd in Saxon Wanating anciently a Royal Vill and the birth-place of the famous King Alfred which at his death he bequeath'd to Alfrith It was made a market-town not long after by the interest of that valiant Soldier Foulk Fitzwarin upon whom Roger Bigod Earl Marshal of England had bestow'd it for his singular courage and great conduct in War and it now owns for it's Lords the Bourchiers Earls of Bath descended from the race of the Fitzwarins of which family some are bury'd here f The Ouse leaving Abington presently receives the Tame out of Oxfordshire of which river elsewhere and now by a compound word being call'd Thamisis the Thames The Thames Sinodun first makes a visit to Sinodun an high hill defended with a deep ditch where 't is certain in ancient times there was a Roman fortification for the ground being now broken up with the Plough Roman Coins a certain sign of antiquity are now and then found by the Ploughmen Bretwel Beneath it at Brettwell there was a Castle if it were not really upon this hill which Henry 2. Rob. Montensis took by force a little before his making peace with King Stephen From hence the Thames bends it's course to the once chief City of the Attrebatii call'd by Antoninus Galleva Attrebatum by Ptolemy Galeva but both of them through the carelesness of Copiers name it wrong instead of Gallena Gallena and these likewise in the Greek Copies obtrude upon us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by a transposition of the letters for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For I have been of the opinion that it was so call d in the British tongue as it were Guall hen that is the Old Fort. Which name being still kept and Ford from a shallow place in the river added to it a See this opinion confuted in the Additions to Wiltshire the Saxons in ancient times call'd it b Wealingford Walingeford and Walingford by the Saxon Annals according to the several ages Guallengaford and Wallengaford and we now-a-days by contraction Wallingford Wallingford In K. Edward the Confessor's time it was counted a Borough and contain'd in it as we find in Domesday book 276 * Hagas houses yielding 9 pound †De Gâ—â—â— Tax and those that dwelt there did the King service on horseback or else by water Of those
the Church is roof'd with lofty Arches of square work †Pari commissura the joints answering one another but on both sides it is enclos'd with a double Arch of stones firmly cemented and knit together Moreover the Cross of the Church made to encompass the middle Quire of the ‖ Canentium Domino Singers and by its double supporter on each side to bear up the lofty top of the middle tower first rises singly with a low and strong arch then mounts higher with several winding stairs artificially ascending and last of all with a single wall reaches to the wooden roof well cover'd with lead But 160 years after Henry the third demolish'd this Fabrick of Edward's and erected a new one of curious workmanship supported by several rows of marble Pillars and leaded over which was fifty years in building This the Abbots very much enlarg'd towards the west and Henry the seventh for the burial of himself and * Suorum his children added to the east part of it a Chapel of a most neat and admirable contrivance call'd by Leland the miracle of the world for you 'd say that all the Art in the world is crowded into this one work wherein is to be seen his own most splendid and magnificent Monument made of solid brass q After the expulsion of the Monks it had several revolutions first it had a Dean and Prebendaâ—ies next one single Bishop Thomas Thurlbey who after he had squander'd away the revenues of the Church gave it up and surrender'd it 42 Surrender'd it to the spoil of Courtiers to the Dean Presently after the Monks and their Abbot were restor'd by Queen Mary but they being quickly ejected by Authority of Parliament Queen Elizabeth converted it into a Collegiate Church nay I may say a Nursery of the Church For she settl'd twelve Prebendaries as many old Souldiers past service forty Scholars calld King's Scholars sent successively to the Universities and thence transplanted into Church and State c. Over all these she constituted a Dean 43 Over these she plac'd Dr. Bill Dean whose Successor was which dignity not long since was honourably bore by Dr. Gabriel Goodman a person of singular worth and integrity and a particular Patron both to me and my studies There were bury'd in this Church to run over those likewise in order Princes bury'd in Westminster-Abbey and according to their Dignity and the time when they dy'd Sebert first 44 And first Christian King of the East-Angles Harold bastard-son of Canutus the Dane King of England St. Edward King and Confessor with his Queen Editha Maud wife to King Henry the first and daughter to Malcolm King of Scots Henry the third Edward the first his son with Eleanor his wife daughter to Ferdinand third King of Castile and Leon. King Edward the third and Philippa of Hanault his wife Richard the second and Anne his wife sister of the Emperour Wenzelaus Henry the fifth with his wife Catharine daughter of Charles the sixth King of France Anne wife of Richard the third and daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick Henry the seventh with his wife Elizabeth 45 Daughter to King Edward 4. and his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond K. Edward the sixth Anne of Cleve fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary and one not to be mention'd without the highest expressions both of respect and sorrow I mean our late most serene Lady Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory the darling of England a Princess endow'd with heroick Vertues Wisdom and a greatness of Mind much beyond her Sex and incomparably skill'd both in Things and Languages Here she lyes bury'd in a stately Monument erected for her out of a pious veneration by King James But alas how inconsiderable is that Monument in comparison of the noble qualities of so great a Lady She her self is her own Monument and a more magnificent and sumptuous one too than any other For let those noble actions recommend her to the praise and admiration of Posterity RELIGION REFORM'D PEACE ESTABLISHT MONEY REDUC'T TO ITS TRUE VALUE A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D REBELLION SUPPRESS'D ENGLAND FOR XLIIII YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRUDENTLY GOVERN'D ENRICHT AND STRENGTHEN'D SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED SPAIN AW'D IRELAND QUIETED AND THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL'D ROUND The Dukes and Lords that have been bury'd here are Edmund Earl of Lancaster younger son to King Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus Countess of Albemarle his wife William and Audomar de Valentia of the family of Lusignia Earls of Pembroke Alphonse John and other Children of K. Edward 1. John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall son of K. Edward 2. Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester youngest son of Edw. 3. with others of his children Eleanor daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex wife to Thomas de Woodstock the young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7. Henry young son of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old Sophia daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd ‖ Primo aetatis diluculo almost assoon as born Philippa Dutchess of York Lewis Viscount Robsert of Hanault in right of his wife Lord Bourchier Anne the young daughter and heir of John Moubray D. of Norfolk betroth'd to Rich. D. of York younger son to K. Edw. 4. 46 Sir Giles Daubeney Giles Daubeney Lord Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the family of the Arundels in Cornwall Viscount Welles Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk Mary her daughter Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenox grand-mother to James K. of Great Britain with Charles her son Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester Anne Stanhop Dutchess of Somerset and Jane her daughter Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford daughter of Baron Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England with her mother Mildred Burghley Elizabeth Berkley Countess of Ormond Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex 47 James Butler instead of Thomas Butler Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles son and heir of the Earl of Ormond Besides Humfrey Bourchier Lord Cromwell another 48 Sir Humfrey Bourchier Humfrey Bourchier son and heir of the Lord Berners both slain in Barnet-fight 49 Sir Nicholas Carew Baron Carew instead of Nicholas Baron Carew Nicholas Baron Carew the Baroness of Powis Thomas Baron Wentworth Thomas Baron Wharton John Lord Russel Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellour of England Douglasia 50 H. Howard Howard daughter and heir of Viscount Bindon wife of 51 Sir Arthur Gorges Arthur Gorge Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland wife of William Cecil 52 Sir John Puckering John Puckering Keeper of the Great Seal of England Frances Howard Countess of Hertford Henry and George Cary father and son Barons of Hunsdon and Lord Chamberlains to Q. Elizabeth the heart of Anne Sophia the young daughter of Christopher Harley Count de Beaumont Embassador in England from
mark of infamy by wickedly conspiring with those wretched Incendiaries who design'd with one single charge of Gun-powder to have destroy'd both their Prince and Country d 2 More eastward upon the river Welland I saw nothing remarkable unless it be Berohdon now Barodon which Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick held with South-Luffenham and other hamlets by service to the King's Chamberlain in the Exchequer Fiâ— 14 Ed. 3. In the furthermost division beyond the river encompass'd with hills lyes the pleasant and fruitful valley now call'd The Vale of Catmose perhaps from Coet maes which in the British tongue signifies a woody field or ground In the midst of which vale stands Okeham Okeham that seems for the same reason to have taken it's name from Oaks Near the Church 3 Which is large and fair are still remaining the ruinous walls of an old castle built as is reported by a He was a younger son to William de Ferrers Earl of Derby and held Okeham by the service of one Knights fee and a half 12 Hen. 2. Wright pag. 95. Walkelin de Ferrariis in the beginning of the Normans And that it was the habitation of the Ferrars besides the authority of tradition is sufficiently evident from the Horse-shoes which that family gave for their Arms nail'd on the â—â—tes and in the hall Afterwards this town belong'd to the Lords of Tatteshall But when King Richard 2. advanced Edward son of the Duke of York to the title of Earl of Rutland he also gave him this Castle In the memory of the last age it came to Thomas Cromwell Barons Cromwell and as I have read b He was Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon but not of Okeham See the printed Stat. of 31 Hen. 8. concerning Gavelkind gave him the title of Baron Henry 8. advanc'd this person to the highest dignity but soon after when by his many projects he had expos'd himself to the storms of envy on a sudden he depriv'd him both of life and honours e Eastward from hence is Burley Burly most pleasantly situated overlooking the Vale. This is now the magnificent seat of the Harringtons who by marriage with the daughter and heir of Colepeper came to so large an inheritance in those parts that ever since they have been a flourishing family in like manner as the Colepepers were before them to whom by N. Green the great estate of the Bruses did in part descend Which Bruses being of the chief Nobility of England match'd into the Royal family of Scotland from whom by Robert the eldest brother the Royal Line of the Scots and by Bernard a younger brother the Cottons of Connington in the County of Huntingdon of whom I have already spoken and these Harringtons are descended Upon which account K. James dignify'd Sir John Harrington Barons Harringtâ—â— 4 Branch'd from the stem of the ancient Lords Harington a most famous and worthy Knight with the title of Baron Harrington of Exton 5 A town adjacent where be hath also another fair house f On the east-side of this County near the river Guash lye Brigcasterton of which more hereafter and Rihall where when superstition had so bewitched our Ancestors that it had almost remov'd the true God by the multiplicity of Gods one Tibba a Saint of the lesser rank was worship'd by Falconers The Falcoâ—ers Saint as a second Diana and reputed a kind of Patroness of Falconry g Next adjoyning is Essenden whose Lord Robert Cecil the excellent son of an excellent father who was the support of our kingdom was lately created by King James Baron Cecil of Essenden Baron Câ—â—â— of Essendâ—n This little County Edward the Confessor devised by his last Will to his wife Eadith conditionally that after her death it should go to St. Peter's at Westminster These are the words of the Testament I will that after the decease of Queen Eadgith my wife Roteland with all things thereunto belonging be given to my Monastery of the most blessed Peter and that it be surrender'd without delay to the Abbot and Monks there serving God for ever But this Testament of his was vacated by William the Norman who keeping a great part of this estate to himself divided the rest to Judith the Countess whose daughter marry'd David K. of Scots to Robert Mallet Oger Gislebert of Gaunt Earl Hugh Alberic the Clerk and others But to Westminster he left indeed at first the tithes but afterwards only the Church of Okeham with the Appendices or Chapelries thereunto belonging Oppida Mercatoria per Ichnographiam Villae Parochiales per Pagi minores per Sedes vel loca devastata Olim Villae per Denotantur COMITATUS ROTELANDIAE Tabula Nova Aucta This little County is adorn'd with 48 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to RVTLANDSHIRE a WHat the original of this County's name was we are in a great measure in the dark for as Mr. Camden's Roet and Rud will not do because we are assur'd there is nothing in the County to justifie such a conjecture so Mr. Wright's Rotelandia quasi Rotunda-landia will hardly pass till we can give some probable account how it came by a Latin name more than other parts of England The Conquest could not bring it in because we find it call'd so in the time of Edward the Confessor and beside so much of it as belong'd to Nottinghamshire to which the name Roteland was given before the rest came to be part of it is far from making a circular figure how round soever it may be when all together b When the County of Rutland came to be distinct or upon what occasion is altogether unknown Mr. Camden says that Authors 300 years old make no mention of it as of a separate Shire but that it was distinct before is certain for in the 5th of King John Isabel his new Queen had at her Coronation assigned her in Parliament for her dowry among other lands * Wright â—g 3. Com. Roteland villam de Rokingham in Com. Northampt. c. And in 12 Johan the Custos did account for the profits of this County in the Exchequer Which Custos can relate to nothing but the Sheriff of the County who was and still is as it were a Guard and his office is imply'd in his name Scyre-gerefa from which Sheriff is contracted signifying no more than a Keeper of the County â—iâ—g 〈◊〉 c In the south part of this County lies Uppingham the site whereof will hardly bear Mr. Camden's derivation from an ascent †Wright â— 130. the ground upon which it stands being something above a level but hardly amounting to a hill Johnson who is said to have built the school was call'd Robert and beside that built two Hospitals one at Okeham and another here at Uppingham Near this place is Lydington where about the year 1602. Thomas Lord Burgley settl'd an Hospital or Alms-house for a Warden 12 poor men and 2 poor women
living and Duke of Northumberland by the courtesie of England made use of this title for some time and afterwards Ambrose a person most accomplisht in all heroick qualities and of a sweet disposition by the royal favour of Queen Elizabeth had in my time the title restor'd him 16 And his heirs males and for defect of them to Robert his brother and the heirs males â—f his body lawfully begotten maintain'd the honour with great applause and at last dy'd without issue 17 This Honour Ambrose bare with great commendation and died without children in the year 1589. shortâ—y â—fter his brother Robert Earl of Leicester In this County are 158 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to WARWICKSHIRE THIS County at first sight should promise a considerable stock of Antiquities being almost encompass'd with old Roman ways which generally afford us the largest treasure Watlingstreet runs along the East-part Ykenild-street upon the West and both are cut by the Foss crossing it from South-west to North-east And had but Sir William Dugdale took the liberty of making larger digressions of that kind either in the body of his work as such places lay in his way or in the method which Dr. Plott has since us'd making such Antiquities an Appendix to his elaborate work we should probably have found the discoveries answerable to the appearance and that those ways would have contributed the same assistance to that search as they do in other Counties I dare not call it an omission because it did not so directly fall under his design but if it were those many excellent digressions he has given us concerning the nature and difference of Monastick orders consecrations of Churches and such like would make ample satisfaction However since we cannot compass the whole let us be content with what we have and accompany Mr. Camden to the several parts of this County a Only we must premise something of the condition of its two general branches Feldon and Wood land That the first was once exceeding populous may certainly be inferr'd from the numbers of villages enter'd in Domesday the situation whereof are now known only by their ruins or at most by a cottage or two of a Shepherd's who ranges over and manages as much ground as would have employ'd a dozen Teems and maintain'd forty or fifty families The reason of converting so much Tillage into Pasture in this part seems to be the great progress the Woodlanders have made in Agriculture by which means the County began to want Pasture For the Iron-works in the Counties round destroy'd such prodigious quantities of wood that they quickly lay the Country a little open and by degrees made room for the plough Whereupon the Inhabitants partly by their own industry and partly by the assistance of Marle and of other useful contrivances have turn'd so much of Wood and Heath-land into Tillage and Pasture that they produce corn cattel cheese and butter enough not only for their own use but also to furnish other Counties whereas within the memory of man they were supply'd with Corn c. from the Feldon b Feldon is recommended for the delicate prospect it affords from Edge-hill â—c â—hill but Edge-hill it self is since become much more considerable for that signal battel fought there between the King and Parliament Sept. 9. 1642. The generality of our Historians compute the number of the slain to have been five or six thousand but by the survey taken by Mr. Fisher Vicar of Kineton who was appointed by the Earl of Essex for that purpose the list of the slain amounted only to thirteen hundred and odd On the Noth-east corner of Edge-hill stands Ratley â—y call'd falsly by our Author Rodley it never appearing under that name only in Domesday-book it is indeed call'd Rotelei The fortification he mentions is not round but quadrangular and contains about 12 acres Near which within our memory were found a sword of brass and a battle-ax something of this kind our Author observes to have been discover'd at the foot of St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall The shape of the horse mention'd by our Author is on the side of Edge-hill and the trenches that form it are cleans'd and kept open by a neighbouring Freeholder who holds lands by that service c Kineton â—on cannot be as Mr. Camden would have it deriv'd from its market of kine because Henry 1. gave this Church under the name of Chinton to the Canons of Kenilworth â—â—de â—â—orth whereas the market was not granted till 4 Henr. 3. But 't is probable it had that name from being the possession of the Kings particularly of Edward the Confessor or William the Conquerour And to the North-west of the town at the point of a hill still call'd Castle-hill there has been a Castle as appears by a little mount cast up and a broad and deep ditch round it where tradition says King John kept his Court a Spring also at the foot of the hill goes at this day by the name of King John's well North-east from Kineton is Chadshunt Chadshunt one of the 24 towns given by Leofrick Earl of Mercia to the Monastery of Coventry in his Charter call'd Chaddesleyhunt and in Domesday Cedesleshunte 'T is probable it had that name from S. Chadde call'd also Cedde and Ceadde For in the Chapel yard was an ancient Oratory and in it as the Inhabitants report the Image of St. Chadde by reason of the resort of Pilgrims worth 16 l. per An. to the Priest Inquis capt 4. Eliz. Here is also a Well or Spring that still retains the name of Chad's well Not far from hence is Nether Ealendon Nether Ealendon which manour was held of Henry de Ferrers at the time of the Conquest and continues at this day in the hands of his posterity of the male-line such an uninterrupted succession of owners for so many ages as we seldom meet with Till Henry the third's time it was their principal seat then removing into Derbyshire they took the name of Shirley and the present Lord of this place is Sir Robert Shirley Baronet d More Eastward stands Wormleighton Wormleighton of which place Mr. Camden tells us Robert Spenser was created Baron by K. James 1. * Baronage Tom. 2. p. 418. Dugdale also says that Sir Robert Spenser son to Sir John and not Sir John as it is in some Editions of our Author was he upon whom K. James 1. on the 21th of July and first year of his reign conferr'd the dignity of a Baron under the title of Lord Spenser of Wormleighton whose grandson Henry Lord Spenser being advanc'd by K. Charles the first to the title of Earl of Sunderland and in arms for that Prince in the late civil wars lost his life in the first battel of Newbury e Next we go forward to Long-Ichingdon Long-Ichingdon so call'd from the river Ichene on which it stands †Dugdaâ— p. 230. and memorable for the
and circumscrib'd with this Epitaph Fulk-Grevil servant to Queen Elizabeth Counsellor to King James and friend to Sir Philip Sidney Trophaeum Peccati In the Church it self lies John Rous a native of this place and Chantry-priest of Guy's Cliff Sir William Dugdale calls him a famous Antiquary and Leland and Bale give him a character as ample when they tell us he had devoted himself wholly to the study and search of Antiquities particularly of this his native place and to that end had view'd and examin'd most Libraries in England Here lies also John Cartwright first Master of the Earl of Leicester's Hospital whom Mr. Camden in his Elizabeth stiles Inter Puritanos Antesignanus l The story of the famous Guy of this place is so much obscur'd by fables and Romances that 't is difficult to determine how far it ought to be credited 'T is certain however that some Centuries since the greatest of the Earls of Warwick have paid a mighty veneration to his memory William Beauchamp call'd his eldest son after him Guy Thomas by his last will bequeath'd the Sword and Coat of Mail of this Guy to his son another Christen'd a younger son by the name of his successor and dedicated to him a noble Tower the walls whereof are 10 foot thick the circumference 126 the height from the bottom of the ditch upward 113 foot Another left a Suit of Arras wherein were wrought the heroick Acts of Guy as an heirloom to his family Lastly his sword and other Accoutrements now to be seen in the Castle were by Patent 1 Hen. 8. granted to William Hoggeson Yeoman of the Buttery with the see of two pence per diem for that service Whether it was the example of this Heroe that put a spirit in his successors I know not but we find by our Histories that from the Conquest to the death of Ambrose Dudley there was scarce any one considerable scene of action wherein the Earls of Warwick made not a great figure Two miles below Warwick is Barford Barfâ—râ— where there is still living one Samuel Fairfax born in the year 1647. who when he was 12 years of age dwelt under the same roof and eat at the same table with his father and mother grandfather and grandmother great grandfather and great grandmother who all liv'd very happily together and none of the three generations of either sex had been twice marry'd m Then the Avon runs to Stratford given by Ethelardus a Viceroy of Worcestershire to the Bishoprick of Worcester 300 years before the Conquest The Church was Collegiate and the College is still standing in the Chancel lies William Shakespear a native of this place who has given proof of his genius and great abilities in the 48 Plays he has left behind him The stone that covers him has this Inscription Good friend for Jesus sake forbear To dig the dust inclosed here Blest be the man who spares these stones And curst be he that moves my bones n From hence we are carry'd by the same river to the Arrow Arrow which runs into this a little below Bitford I was once of opinion that it was this river the Danes sail'd up when they had a design upon the kingdom of Mercia being induc'd to it by the common conjecture and the similitude of ArÆ¿an the ancient name and Arrow the present What made it yet more plausible was the reading of Florence of Worcester and Hovden wherein I find the same river call'd Arewe But upon weighing the circumstances of that action I found a necessity of quitting my opinion tho' without the good fortune of meeting with any other place where I could safely settle it For first Arrow rises in Worcestershire and does not run long before it joyns it self to the Avon being no way so considerable as to be capable of carrying vessels tho' very small Then the history tells us they went out of the Thames and after they had compass'd their design brought the spoil into the river Medway in Kent which makes it very probable that this place was not at so great a distance as Warwickshire What if we should say that Orwel a good large river which parts Essex and Suffolk was the place 'T is more than probable that this initial Or was formerly Ar because that change has been very usual and at the side of this river is a place call'd Arwerton and why may not Harwich have been formerly call'd ArÆ¿ic and not HereÆ¿pic as Camden imagines who very often sets down Saxon names without the authority of Records unless he had some which I could never yet see If this conjecture seem a little too much strain'd why may not the reading of the Saxon Annals into ArÆ¿an be false for to ArÆ¿an and so that name rather denote the place whither they went than the river Nothing is more common in ancient Copies than such errors and if ArÆ¿an may be changed into Waran the river may be Lee and and the place Ware But these are bare conjectures to which I cannot reasonably challenge any man's positive assent o Leaving the Avon and following the river Arrow we first meet with Alcester â—â—celster Dâ—gd â—at p. 568. the termination whereof tempts us to expect something of Antiquity It 's situation likewise upon the Roman way Ykenild street raises our expectation yet higher and upon the authority of Sir William Dugdale who tells us that old foundations of buildings Roman bricks and coins both of gold silver and brass have been frequently found there we need not scruple to affirm that this was formerly a Roman Station About fifty years ago in an old foundation where they were digging a Cellar there was an urn taken up with 600 and odd pieces of Roman coin in it eight of them gold and the rest silver Most of them are of Roman Emperours and the Reverses generally different They fell to the right honourable the Lord Brooke as Lord of the manour and are now in the hands of his Lady p To follow Mr. Camden let us next go to Kenelworth 〈◊〉 or Killingworth which pass'd from Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester to Sir Robert Dudley his natural son who sold it to Prince Henry and he dying without issue it came into the hands of Prince Charles who committed the custody of it to Robert Earl of Monmouth Henry Lord Carey his eldest son and Tho. Carey Esquire the inheritance whereof is granted to Lawrence Viscount Hide of this place and Earl of Rochester King Edw. 2. was for some time detain'd Prisoner here They still find balls of stones 16 inches diameter suppos'd to have been thrown in slings in the times of the Barons wars Robert Earl of Leicester is said to have laid out 60000 pound in repairing building and adorning it He entertain'd Queen Elizabeth and the Court 17 days with all the varieties and magnificence both of feasting and shews In which time he spent 320 hogsheads of ordinary beer as appears by the
ancient Palace The Inhabitants thereabouts think it to be the ruins of a City but others judge it to have been the Camp of either Penda or Oswald o Scarce three miles off stands Whittington Wittingâ—â—n not long since a castle of the Fitz-Warrens who derive their pedigree from 30 Sir Guarin Warren de Metz a Lorainer he took to wife the heiress of William Peverel who is said to have built it and had issue by her Fulk the father of the renown'd 31 Sir Fulk Fitz-Warren Fulk Fitz-Warren The life of 〈◊〉 writâ—en â—n â—â—ench whose strange and various fortune in war was very much admir'd by our Ancestors 32 And had Poems compos'd upon it In Henry the third's reign there was a Commission to Fulk Fitz-Warren to fortifie the castle of Whittington sufficiently as appears by the Close-rolls in the fifth year of that King's reign The Barony of these Fitz-Warrens 〈◊〉 Fitz-â—arren expir'd in a female having in the last age pass'd from the Hancfords to the Bourchiers now Earls of Bath Below this castle Wrenoc the son of Meuric held certain lands by the service of being Latimer between the English and Welsh that is an Interpreter This I have remark'd from an old Inquisition for the better understanding of the word Latimer â—he signifiâ—ation of Latâ—mer which few are acquainted with tho' it is a name very famous in this kingdom Upon the Northern bounds of this Shire first stands Shenton a seat of the Needhams 33 Blackmere an ancient family of the Lords L'estrange a famous family y Of this family was Sir Robert Needham Kt. who had considerable Commands during the war in Ireland under Queen Elizabeth He was afterwards Vice-President of the Council in the Marches of Wales and created by King Charles the first Viscount Kilmorey to him succeeded Thomas his son who built a noble house in this place and is succeeded in his honour by Robert Viscount Kilmorey his son and next White-church â—hite-â—hurch or the white Monastery famous for some monuments of the Talbots but more particularly for that of our English Achilles 34 Sir John John Talbot the first Earl of Shrewsbury of this family whose Epitaph I here insert not that it comes up to the character of such an Hero but only for a Specimen how the stile of every age varies in framing their monumental Inscriptions ORATE PRO ANIMA PRAENOBILIS DOMINI DOMINI IOANNIS TALBOTT QVONDAM COMITIS SALOPIAE DOMINI TALBOTT DOMINI FVRNIVALL DOMINI VERDON DOMINI STRANGE DE BLACK-MERE ET MARESCHALLI FRANCIAE QVI OBIIT IN BELLO APVD BVRDEWS VII IVLII MCCCCLIII That is Pray for the soul of the right honourable Lord Lord John Talbott sometime Earl of Shrewsbury Lord Talbott Lord Furnivall Lord Verdon Lord Strange of Blackmere and Marshal of France who died in battel at Burdews VII of July MCCCCLIII These Talbotts many years ago had the Inheritance of the Barons L'estrange of Blackmere â—â—rons Leâ—â—ange of â—â—ackmere 35 Who were sirnam'd Le Strange commonly and Extranei in Latin Records for that they were strangers brought hither by King Henry the second and in a short time their house was far propagated Those of Blackmere were much enricht by an heir of W. de Albo Monasterio or this Whit-Church and also by one of the heirs of John Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of ancient Nobility in Glocestershire by the only daughter of Walter Lord Clifford who were sometimes call'd Extranei that is Foreigners in right of their wives For they were Lords Marchers in this County and their seat in this neighbourhood call'd Blackmere from a Lake of blackish water is now almost quite ruin'd This family was much ennobled and their estates encreas'd by intermarriage with a daughter and coheir of John Giffard of Brimsfield of an honourable and ancient Family in Glocestershire whose wife Mawd was the only daughter of Walter Clifford the third More 36 Westward to the East lies Ellesmer Ellesmer a small tract of rich and fertile ground which according to the Chester-Chronicle together with the small castle King John settled upon Lewellin Prince of North-Wales when he made up the match between him and 37 Joan his base-daughter his natural daughter Afterwards 38 In the time of King Henry the third it came to the L'estranges or the Extranei but at present it has its Baron 39 Sir Thomas Thomas Egerton who for his singular wisdom and integrity was by Queen Elizabeth made Lord Keeper and afterwards by King James advanc'd to the highest dignity of the Long-robe by being made Lord Chancellour and created Baron of Ellesmer z Before he dy'd he was made Viscount Brackley Baron of Ellesmâ—r Now to say somewhat briefly of the Earls of Shrewsbury Earls of Shrewsbury Roger de Belesm or Montgomery was created by William the Conquerour first Earl of Shrewsbury who also had the greatest share of Lands given him in this kingdom of any of his Souldiers His eldest son Hugh immediately succeeded him but was afterwards slain in Wales leaving no issue behind him Next was Robert another of his sons a man barbarously cruel both towards his own sons and his hostages whose eyes he pull'd out and then gelded with his own hands But at last being attainted of High Treason he was punish'd by King Henry the first with perpetual imprisonment where his sufferings were answerable to the heinousness of his crimes a Malmesb. Hist Novell f. 99. The revenues of the Earldom were transferr'd to Queen Adelizia for her dower Many ages after King Henry the sixth in the twentieth year of his reign conferr'd this honour upon John Lord Talbot who by a natural genius as well as choice of profession seems to have been destin'd for military atchievements And in the 24th year of his reign he encreas'd his honours by adding to his title of Earl of Shrewsbury and Weisford that of Earl of Waterford the Barony of Dongarvan and Lieutenancy of Ireland He was afterwards slain in a battel at Chastillon 40 Upon Dordan near Bourdeaux in Aquitain with his younger son 41 Sir John Talbot John Viscount L'isle after he had scatter'd the Trophies of Victory over the best part of France for four and twenty years together His son John succeeded him whose mother was a daughter and coheir of 42 Sir Thomas Thomas Nevil Lord Furnivall but espousing the interest of the house of Lancaster he lost his life in the battel at Northampton From him 43 By a daughter of the Earl of Ormond descended John the third Earl of Shrewsbury and 44 Sir Gilbert Talbot Captain of Calais Gilbert from whom the Talbots of Grafton are descended 45 This third John had by his wife Katharine daughter to Henry Duke of Buckingham George the fourth Earl who serv'd King Henry the seventh valiantly and constantly at the battel of
towards the Ocean there were anciently seated the Taizali Some derive this later name from Boves Oxen whereas the ground is fitter to feed sheep whose wooll is highly commended Notwithstanding the Rivers in this Coast every where breed abundance of Salmon yet they never enter into the River Ratra Thâ— Râ—ver Raâ—ra as Buchanan hath told us Neither let it prove to my disadvantage if I cite his Testimony although his books were prohibited by authority of Parliament in the year 1584. because many passages in them were fit to be dash'd out He there reports also That on the bank of Ratra there is a Cave near Stany 's Castle whose nature seems worth our taking notice of A strange â—â—â—er The water distilling by drops out of a natural vault is presently turned into pyramidal stones and if people did not take the pains to clear the cave now and then the whole space in a little time would be fill'd up to the top of the vault Now the stone thus made is of a middle nature betwixt Ice and hard stone for it is friable and never arrives to the solidity of Marble It is hardly worth my while to mention the Clayks Câ—ayks a 〈◊〉 of Gâ—ese a sort of Geese believed by some with great admiration to grow upon trees here in this coast and in other places and when they are ripe to fall down into the sea because neither their nests nor eggs cou'd ever any where be found But those that have seen the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round the world laid up in the river Thames can testifie that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of ships since a great number of such without life and feathers stuck close to the outside of the keel of this ship Yet I should think that the generation of these birds was not from the logs of wood but from the sea term'd by the Poets the Parent of all things a Hector Boetius first spread this errour but that it is such â—ppend 〈◊〉 Librum â— Part 3. â—â—atiae Ilâ—â—â—atae Dr. Sibbalds has largely proved in his Scotia Illustrata only he is now convinced that thâ—y are not informis mâ—ssa carnosa as he there câ—lls them And a Discourse concerning the late worthy Sir Andrew Balfour to be prefixt to the Catalogue of his Books will in a short time give further light into it A mighty mass likewise of Amber Amber as big as the body of a Horse was not many years since thrown up upon this shore This the learned call Succinum Glessum and Chryso-electrum and Sotacus was of opinion that it was a juice which amongst the Britains distill'd from trees ran into the sea and was there hardned Tacitus had the same sentiments of it in this passage of his I should believe De moribus Germanorum that as there are trees in the secret parts of the east which sweat out frankincense and balm so in the Islands and other countreys of the west there are woods of a more fatty substance which melting by the hot beams of the near-approaching sun run into the sea hard by and being driven by tempestuous weather float to the opposite shores But Serapio and the modern Philosophers will have it to work out of a bituminous sort of earth under the sea and by the sea-side that the waves in stormy weather cast part of it upon the shore and that part of it is devoured by the fish But I have digressed too far and will return into my way hoping my ingenuous confession will purchase me a pardon In the reign of Alexander the 2d Alexander Comin had conferr'd upon him the honour of Earl of Buquhan Earls of Baquhan who married a daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quircy Earl of Winchester in England and his grand child by a son brought the same title to Henry Beaumorâ— her husband For he in the reign of Edw. the 3d sat in the Parliament of England under the name of Earl of Buquhan Afterwards Alexander Stewart son to King Robert the 4th was Earl of this place succeeded by John a younger son of Robert Duke of Albany who being sent for into France with 7000 Auxiliary Scots by the French King Charles the 7th did extraordinary good service against the English and had so great a reputation there that after he had killed Thomas Duke of Clarence K. Henry the 5th's brother at Baugy and got as great a victory over the English as ever was obtained he was made Constable of France But 3 years after when the fortune of the war turned he with other valiant Commanders The valour of the Scots in the Wars of France Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigton and Duke of Tours c. was routed at Vernoil by the English and there slain Whom yet as the Poet said Aeternum memorabit Gallia cives Grata suos titulos quae dedit tumulos Those grateful France shall ever call her own Who owe to her their graves and their renown The French cannot but confess that they owe the preservation of France and recovery of Aquitain by thrusting out the English in the reigns of Charles the 6th and 7th in a great measure to the fidelity and valour of the Scots But afterwards K. James the first out of pity to Geo. of Dunbar whom by authority of Parliament he had before divested of the Earldom of March for his father's crimes gave him the Earldom of Buquhan And not long after James son of James Stewart of Lorn sirnamed the Black Knight 14 Whom he had by Queen Joan sister to the Duke of Somerset and widow to King James I. c. whom he had by Joan of Somerset obtained this honour and left it to his posterity but not long since for default of heirs male it went by a daughter to Douglas a younger brother of the House of Lochlevin Beyond Buchan in the bending back of the shore northwards lies Boen Boen and a Now a Barony in the family of Ogilby Bamff a small Sheriffdom * See the Additions and Ainza a little tract of less consideration as also Rothamy Castle the seat of the Barons of Salton Barons Salton sirnamed b Now Frazer Abernethy Beneath these lies Strath-bolgy Strath-bolgy that is the Valley upon the Bolgy formerly the seat of the Earls of Athol sirnamed from thence but now the chief residence of the Marquess of Huntley c Now from the Marquisate of Huntley rais'd to the Dukedom of Gordon Marquess of Huntley For this title K. James the 6th conferred upon Geo. Gordon Earl of Huntley Lord Gordon and Badzenoth eminent for his ancient nobility and his many followers and dependants Whose ancestors are descended from the Setons and by authority of Parliament took upon them the name of Gordon upon Alexander Seton's marrying the daughter of Sir John Gordon with whom he had a very noble estate and received
meaning his own body The O-Neals afterwards wrested it out of their hands but they being attainted of treason Sir Thomas Smith Knight and one of Queen Elizabeth's Privy-Council by her permission planted a Colony there an excellent design but very unsuccessful For after great expence his own natural son whom he had set over it was taken by an Ambuscade of the Irish and then thrown to be tore in pieces by the dogs a piece of cruelty for which they afterwards severely suffered being themselves put to death and given to the wolves Above Ardes westward lyes the more southern Clanboy Clanboy the Upper i.e. a Yellow Sept or the family of Hugh the Yellow as they interpret it a woody Country which extends to the bay of Knock-Fergus inhabited by the O-Neals and counted the very utmost part of this County of Down The County of ANTRIM THE next County to Louth northwards is the County of Antrim so called from Antrim a small town only remarkable for giving name to the whole shire which is bounded by the bay of Knock-Fergus Knock Fergus the Lough Eaugh and the river Ban. This bay of Knock-Fergus called Vinderius in Ptolemy took it's name from a town situate upon it which the English term Knock-Fergus the Irish Carig-Fergus that is the rock of Fergus from that famous Fergus drowned there who first brought the Scots out of Ireland into Britain This town is more frequented and famous than any other upon this coast by reason of a commodious haven fortifications though not yet finished a castle standing upon a high rock and has a garison to keep the country in subjection with an ancient palace now converted into a magazine Near this lies Clane-boy the lower Clanboy the Lowâ—â— the habitation likewise of the O-Neals memorable for the death of that lewd rebel Shan or John O-Neal who after many outrages was defeated in one or two skirmishes by 49 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy and reduced to such streights that he was resolved to go and address himself to the Lord Deputy with a halter about his neck for pardon but his Secretary dissuaded him and induced him rather to seek assistance from the Island Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge were now encamped here and ravaged the country Accordingly he went to them and was kindly received but put to death soon after with his whole party for the slaughter he had formerly made among their relations The war being thus ended by his death and he attainted with his whole party Queen Elizabeth bestowed this Clane-boy upon Walter D'Evereux Earl of Essex who came hither sent perhaps by means of some Courtiers under pretence of honour for he was made Governor of Ulster and Marshal of Ireland into a Country ever rebellious and ungovernable Where endeavouring with great expence to compose affairs and reduce them to a state of peace and quietness he was at last after many and great difficulties snatch'd away by an untimely death to the loss and trouble of all good men and to the benefit of the O-Neals and Brian Carragh of the family of the Mac-Conells who thereupon got this territory and since that time have been at war with one another for the Lordship of it Near this Knock-Fergus lies a Peninsula joined by a small neck of land to the continent which is call'd the Isle of Magie 〈◊〉 oâ— Maâ—â—â— being four miles in length and one in breadth Here some suppose that the Monastery of Magio so much commended by Bede did stand which I have already mentioned in the County of Maio. Then the Glinnes â—â—â—nnes that is the valleys begin at Older-sleet a bad road for ships and run along a great way by the sea This territory belong'd formerly to the Bissets â—â—â—ts Noblemen of Scotland who for making away Patrick Earl of Athol were banished hither and by the favour of Henry the third King of England were settled in an estate here For John Bisset who died in the beginning of Edw. the first had a great estate in lands here and in Edw. the 2d's reign Hugh Bisset forfeited part of it by rebellion In the last age this was invaded by the 〈◊〉 â—â—â—ni â—â—torâ—s 〈…〉 Coâ— Irish Scots from the Cantire and the Hebrides under the conduct of James Mac Conell Lord of Cantire in Scotland who claimed it as descended from the Bissets Shan O-Neal having cut off their Captain soon repelled them Yet they returned and made cruel ravages in these parts fomenting rebellions in the Kingdom till but very lately 50 Sir John John Perrot Lord Deputy first reduced Donall Goran who was slain together with his brother Alexander in Conaught by 51 Sir Richard Richard Bingham and afterwards Agnus Mac Conell the sons of James Mac Conell to that pinch that they submitted themselves to the Queen of England and upon their humble petition received this Country to hold of her by Knight's service on condition to bear arms for none but the Kings of England and to pay a certain number of Cows and Hawks yearly c. Above this as far as the river Bann the Country is called Rowte The Rowte the seat of the Mac Guillies Mac Guâ—lly a family of no small note among the Irish but pent up in this narrow corner by the outrage and continual depredations of the Island-Scots For Surley-Boy Surley boy also Chairly boy that is Charles the yellow brother to James Mac Conell who possessed the Glinnes did in a manner make himself master of this tract till 52 Sir John John Perrot the aforesaid Lord Deputy having took the castle of Donluse Doniuse strongly situated upon a rock hanging out into the sea and severed from the land by a deep ditch drove out him and his party However he recovered it the year following by treachery after he had slain Carie the governor who made a stout defence Upon this the Lord Deputy sent out Meriman an experienced Captain against him who cut off the two sons of James Mac Conell with Alexander the son of this Surley Boy and pressed him so closely driving away his cattle the only riches he had for he was able to make up 50000 Cows of his own stock that he surrender'd Donluse came to Dublin and made an open submission in the Cathedral exhibiting a petition for mercy Being after this admitted into the Governors lodgings as soon as he saw the picture of Queen Elizabeth he threw away his sword once or twice and fell down before it devoting himself entirely to Her Majesty Being received into favour and protection among the other subjects of Ireland hereupon he abjured both in the Chancery Kings-Bench all allegiance to any foreign Prince whatsoever and by the bounty of Queen Elizabeth had four territories or Toughs as they call them from the river Boys to the Ban bestowed upon him namely Donseverig Loghill and Ballamonyn together with the government of Donluse
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps â—evonia Averna â—â—â—e uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the †Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation â—is place 〈◊〉 corrupâ—â—d From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moâ—â—er to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan â—arshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount â—hinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferâ—â—s the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd â—â—gnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesâ—â—e the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the â—ord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl â—ohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer â—â—e seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both â—ales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The â—â—me year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal â—nd was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle â—f Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII â—â—ed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This â—ear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop â—f Dublin and was buried in Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk â—â—e Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and â—ade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was â—â—prison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his â—â—bjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naâ—â—ral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and â—arl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire â—f the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and â—rogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the â—â—st day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâ—â—nd leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the â—â—rst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâ—ery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and â—as buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors â—eaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord â—ichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all â—he West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into â—reland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were â—aken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England
S. Valentine Item The Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer came to Dublin and knighted John Mortimer and four of his Followers The same day he kept a great feast in the castle of Dublin Item Many Irish were slain in Conaght about this time by reason of a Quarrel between two of their great Lords The number of the slain amounted to about 4000 men on both sides After this a severe Vengeance fell upon the Ulster-men who had done great mischief during the depredations of the Scots here and eat Flesh in Lent without any manner of necessity for which sins they were at last reduc'd to such want that they eat one another so that of 10000 there remain'd but about 300 By which this does plainly appear to be God's vengeance upon them Item It was reported That some of the said Profligates were so pinch'd with Famine that they dug up Graves in Church-yards and after they had boil'd the Flesh in the Skull of the dead Body eat it up nay that some Women eat up their own Children to satisfie their craving Appetites MCCCXVIII On the 15. of Easter there came News from England That the Town of Berwick was betray'd and taken by the Scots Afterwards this same year Walter Islep the King's Treasurer in Ireland arriv'd here and brought Letters to Roger Lord Mortimer to attend the King Accordingly he did so substituting the Lord William Archbishop of Cashil Keeper of Ireland so that at one and the same time he was Chief Justice of Ireland Lord Chancellor and Archbishop Three weeks after Easter news came to Dublin That Richard Lord Clare and four Knights viz. Sir Henry Capell Sir Thomas Naas Sir James Caunton and Sir John Caunton as also Adam Apilgard with 80 Men more were all slain by O Brone and Mac-Carthy on the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus The Lord Clare's Body was reported to be hewn in pieces out of pure malice But his Relicks were interr'd among the Friers-minors in Limerick Item On Sunday in Easter-month John Lacy was remov'd from Dublin-castle to Trym for his Trial His sentence was to be pinch'd in Diet and so he died in Prison Item On the Sunday before the Ascension Roger Lord Mortimer set sail for England but paid nothing for his Provisions having taken up in the City of Dublin and elsewhere as much as amounted to 1000 l. Item This year about the feast of S. John Baptist that Wheat which before was sold for 16 s. by the great mercy of God went now for 7. Oats sold for 5 s. and there was also great plenty of Wine Salt and Fish Nay about the feast of S. James there was Bread of new Corn a thing seldom or perhaps never before known in Ireland This was an instance of God's mercy and was owing to the prayers of the Poor and other faithful People Item On the Sunday after the feast of S. Michael news came to Dublin That Alexander Lord Bykenore Chief Justice of Ireland and Archbishop of Dublin was arriv'd at Yoghill On S. Denis's day he came to Dublin and was receiv'd by the Religious and Clergy as well as the Laity who went out in Processions to meet him Item On Saturday which happen'd to be the feast of Pope Calixtus a Battle was fought between the Scots and English of Ireland two leagues from Dundalk on the Scotch-side there were Edward Lord Brus who nam'd himself King of Ireland Philip Lord Moubray Walter Lord Sules Alan Lord Stewart with his three Brethren as also Sir Walter Lacy and Sir Robert and Aumar Lacy John Kermerdyne and Walter White with about 3000 others Against whom on the English-side there were the Lord John Bermingham Sir Richard Tuit Sir Miles Verdon Sir Hugh Tripton Sir Herbert Sutton Sir John Cusak Sir Edward and Sir William Bermingham and the Primate of Armagh who gave them Absolution besides Sir Walter Larpulk and John Maupas with about twenty more choice Soldiers and well arm'd who came from Drogheda The English gave the onset and broke into the Van of the Enemy with great vigour And in this Encounter the said John Maupas kill'd Edward Lord Brus valiantly and was afterwards found slain upon the Body of his Enemy The slain on the Scots side amounted to 2000 or thereabouts so thaâ— few of them escap'd besides Philip Lord Moubray who was also mortally wounded and Sir Hugh Lacy Sir Walter Lacy and some few more with them who with much ado got off Thiâ— Engagement was fought between Dundalk and Faghird Brus'â— Head was brought by the said John Lord Bermingham to thâ— K. of England who conferred the Earldom of Louth upon him and his Heirs male and gave him the Barony of Aterith One of hiâ— Quarters together with the Hands and Heart were carried tâ— Dublin and the other Quarters sent to other places MCCCXIX Roger Lord Mortimer return'd out of England and became Chief Justice of Ireland The same year on the feaâ—â— of All Saints came the Pope's Bull for excommunicating Roberâ— Brus King of Scotland The Town of Athisell and 〈◊〉 considerable part of the Country was burnt and wasted by John Lord Fitz-Thomas whole Brother to Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas John Bermingham aforesaid was this year created Earl of Louth Item The Stone-bridge of Kit-colyn was built by Master Moriâ— Jak Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXX In the time of John XXII Pope and of Edward son to King Edward who was the 25 King from the coming oâ— S. Austin into England Alexander Bicknore being then Archbishop of Dublin was founded the University of Dublin Williaâ— Hardite a Frier-predicant was the first that took the degree oâ— Master Who also commenced Doctor of Divinity under thâ— same Archbishop Henry Cogry of the order of Friers minors was the second Master the third was William Rodyarâ— Dean of S. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin who afteâ— commenc'd Doctor of the Canon law and was made the firâ—â— Chancellor of this University The fourth Person that went ouâ— Master in Divinity was Frier Edmund Kermerdyn Item Rogeâ— Mortimer the Chief Justice of Ireland went into England leavinâ— the Lord Thomas Fitz-John then Earl of Kildare his Deputy Item Edmund Lord Botiller went into England and so camâ— to S. James's Item Leghelyn-bridge was then built by Master Moris Jaâ— Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXXI The O Conghors were sadly defeated at Balibogan on the Ninth of May by the People of Leinster and Meth Item Edmund Lord Botiller died in London and was burieâ— at Balygaveran in Ireland John Bermingham Earl of Lowth waâ— made Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan died also this year MCCCXXII Andrew Bermingham and Nicholas de la Lonâ— Knight were slain with many others by O Nalan on S. Michael's day MCCCXXIII A Truce was made between the King of Englanâ— and Robert Brus King of Scots for fourteen years Item Johâ— Darcy came Lord Chief Justice into Ireland Item Johâ— eldest son of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare died in the 9tâ—
it The same year on S. Laurence's-eve Thomas Lord Botiller marched with a great army into the Country of Ardnorwith where he fought with the Lord Thomas William Macgoghgan and was there kill'd to the great loss of Ireland and with him John Lord Ledewich Roger and Thomas Ledewich John Nangle Meiler and Simon Petitt David Nangle Sir John Waringer James Terel Nicholas White William Freynes Peter Kent and John White besides 140. whose names we know not The Tuesday before the feast of S. Bartholomew the said Lord Thomas's body was convey'd to Dublin and laid in the house of the predicant Friers unburied till the sunday after the feast of the beheading of S. John Baptist when he was very honourably carried through the City and interr'd in the Church of the predicant Friers which very day his wife gave a great entertainment The same year John Lord Darcy came a second time Justice of Ireland who at Maynoth on the third of July espoused the Lady Joan Burg Countess of Kildare Item Philip Staunton was slain and Henry Lord Traharn was treacherously taken in his own house at Kilbego by Richard son to Philip Onolan James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond burnt Foghird in revenge to Onolan for his brother Henry's sake The same year the Wednesday after the feast of the Ascension of the blessed Virgin John Lord Darcy Justice of Ireland went towards the Country of New-castle of Mackingham and of Wikelow against the O Brynns and the Monday following some of the Lawles were killed and more wounded and Robert Locam was wounded and of the Irish the better sort were slain many wounded and the rest ran away But Murkad O Brynne with his son uncle and uncle's son yielded themselves hostages and were carried to the Castle of Dublin But were afterwards in exchange of Hostages who were of the best of their Kindred set at liberty The same year John Lord Darcy Chief Justice and the King's Council in Ireland about the feast of our Lord's Circumcision commanded Moris Lord Fitz Thomas of Desmond to march with his Army against his Majesties enemies for to subdue them And that the King would take care to defray the Charge he should be at both for himself and his Army so the Lord Fitz-Thomas accompanied by Briene O-Brene came with an Army of ten thousand Men with which he march'd against the O-nolanes and conquer'd them having got a considerable Booty and wasted their Country by fire the O-nolanes fled but afterwards deliver'd Hostages who were sent to the Castle of Dublin Hence he march'd against the O-Morches who gave Hostages with a promise of living quietly The same time the Castle of Ley which O-Dympcy had taken and kept was surrender'd to him This year after the Epiphany Donald arte Mac-Murgh made his escape out of the Castle of Dublin by a Cord which one Adam Nangle had bought him who for his pains was drawn and hang'd MCCCXXX About the feast of S. Catherine S. Nicholas and the Nativity of our Lord the winds were in several places very high so that on S. Nicholas-eve they blew down part of the wall of a certain House which in the falling kill'd Sir Miles Verdon's wife and daughter there was never yet known such winds in Ireland There was such an overflowing of the River Boyn this year as was never seen before which flung down all the Bridges upon this River both Wood and Stone except Babe-bridge The violence also of the water carried away several Mills and did very much damage to the Friers-minors of Trym and Drogheda by breaking down their Houses The same year about S. John Baptist's-day there was a great dearth of Corn in Ireland which lasted till Michaelmas A cranoc of Wheat was sold for 20 Shillings a cranoc of Oats Pease Beans and Barly for 8 Shillings This dearth was occasion'd by the great Rains so that a great deal of the standing Corn could not be cut before Michaelmas The same year about Lent the English in Meth killed some of the Irish viz. the Mac-goghiganes near Loghynerthy which did so incense Mac-goghigan that he burnt and sack'd in those Parts 15 small Villages which the English seeing gathered together in a Body against him and kill'd 110 of his men among whom were three Irish Kings sons Item The Lord William Burgh Earl of Ulster march'd with his Army out of Ulster against Briene O Brene in Munster Also the Lady Joan Countess of Kildare was at Maynoth brought to Bed of William her first Son which the Lord John Darcy had by her who was then in England Item Reymund Lawles was treacherously kill'd at Wickelow This year Frier Roger Utlaw Prior of Kylmainan then Deputy to the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland held a Parliament at Kilkenny where were present Alexander Archbishop of Dublin William Earl of Ulster James Earl of Ormond William Lord Bermingham Walter Burg of Conaught who all went with a considerable force to drive Briene O-Brene out of Urkyst near Cashill Item Walter Burg with the Forces he rais'd in Conaught plunder'd the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas's lands and brought away with him the Booty to Urkyff Also the Earl of Ulster and the Earl of Desmond viz. the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas for I never yet call'd him Earl by Frier Roger Utlaws order then Justice of Ireland were committed to the custody of the Marshal at Limerick But the Earl of Desmond very cunningly made his escape MCCCXXXI The Lord Hugh Lacy having got the King's Pardon came into Ireland And the Earl of Ulster came into England The 19th of April the English beat the Irish in O-Kenseley and the one and twentieth of April the Irish perfidiously took the Castle of Arclo The same day on S. Mark the Evangelist's-eve the O-Totheles came to Tanelagh and forced away from Alexander Archbishop of Dublin 300 Sheep and killed Richard White with many other Gentlemen of his Company There were divers Reports at Dublin about this Plunder and Slaughter and Sir Philip Bryt Frier Moris Fitz-Gerald Knight of the Order of the Hospitalers Hammund Lord Archdekyn John Chamberlaine Robert Tyrell and Reginald Bernewall's two Sons besides many others but especially of the Archbishop of Dublin's Retinue were kill'd by David O-Tothill in an Ambuscade in Culiagh The Lord William Bermingham march'd with a great Army against the foresaid Irish to whom he did much harm and had not the Irish made some false Promises would have done them much more The Third of June the Lord Anthony Lucy came Chief Justice of Ireland This year also the English who inhabit about Thurles in the month of May gave the Irish under the command of Briene O-Brene a great overthrow and upon the 11th of June gave them another at Finnagh in Meth. The 27th of June when there was so great a Famine in Ireland through God's mercy there came a-shoar such a vast number of great Sea-fish called Thurlhedis as had not been seen in many Ages for according to the common estimate there
vincula there was bread made of new wheat and wheat was sold in Dublin for 6 pence a peck Item D. Reimund Archedekin Kt. with many others of his family were kill'd in Leinster MCCCXXXVII On the eve of S. Kalixtus the Pope seven partridges leaving the fields God knows why came directly to Dublin where flying very swiftly over the Market-Place they settled on the â—op of a brew-house which belonged to the Canons of S. Trinity in Dublin Some of the Citizens came running to this sight wondring very much at so strange a thing the Town-boyes caught two of them alive a third they kill'd at which the rest being frightned-mounted in the air by a swift flight and escap'd into the opposite Fields Now what this should portend a thing unheard of before I shall leave to the judgment of the more skilful Item Sir John Charleton Knight and Baron came with his wife children and family Lord Chief Justice of Ireland at the feast of S. Kalixtus the Pope and some of his sons and family died Item The same day came into Dublin haven D. Thomas Charleton Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland with the Chief Justice his Brother Chancellor of Ireland and with them M. John Rees Treasurer of Ireland Mr. in the Decretals besides 200 Welshmen Item Whilst D. John Charleton was Lord Chief Justice and held a Parliament at Dublin Mr. David O Hirraghcy Archbishop of Armagh being called to the Parliament laid in his provisions in the Monastry of S. Mary near Dublin but the Archbishop and his Clerks would not let him keep house there because he would have had his Crosier carried before him Item The same year died David Archbishop of Armagh to whom succeeded an ingenious man M. Richard Fitz-Ralph Dean of Litchfield who was born in Dundalk Item James Botiller the first Earl of Ormond died the 6th of January and was buried at Balygaveran MCCCXXXVIII The Lord John Charleton at the instigation of his Brother the Bishop of Hereford was by the King turn'd out of his place upon which he came back with his whole family into England and the Bishop of Hereford was made Lord Keeper and Chief Justice of Ireland Item Sir Eustace Pover and Sir John Pover his Uncle were by the Justice's order brought up from Munster to Dublin where the third of February they were imprison'd in the Castle Item In some parts of Ireland they had so great a frost that the river Aven-liffie on which the City of Dublin stands was frozen hard enough for them to dance run or play at foot-ball upon and they made wood and turfe fires upon it to broil Herrings The Ice lasted a great while I shall say nothing of the great snow which fell during this frost since the greatness of the depth has made it so remarkable This Frost continued from the second of December till the 10th of February such a season as was never known in Ireland MCCCXXXIX All Ireland was up in Arms. The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond with the Geraldines who live about Kernige made a great slaughter of the Irish besides 1200 of them who were drown'd in the retreat Item The Lord Moris Fitz-Nicholas Lord of Kernige was by the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond apprehended and put in prison where he died for want of meat and drink for his allowance was but very little because he had rebell'd with the Irish against the King and the Earl Item A great number of the O Dympcies and other Irish were by the English and the vigorous pursuit of the Earl of Kildare kill'd and drowned in the Barrow Item the latter end of February Thomas Bishop of Hereford and Chief Justice of Ireland with the help of the English of that Country took from the Irish about Odrone such a great booty of all sorts of cattle as has not been seen in Leinster MCCCXL The Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland being commanded home by his Majesty return'd into England the 10th of April leaving Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmainan in his place who died the 13th of February Item The King of England made John Darcy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland for life MCCCXLI In May Sir John Moris came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as Deputy to John Darcy Item In the County of Leinster there happen'd such a strange prodigy as has not been heard of A person travelling along the road found a pair of gloves fit for his hands as he thought but when he put them on he he lost his speech immediately and could do nothing but bark like a dog nay from that moment the men and women throughout the whole County fell into the same condition and the children waughed up and down like whelps This plague continued with some 18 days with others a month and with some for two years and like a contagious distemper at last infected the neighbouring Counties and set them a barking too Item The King of England revok'd all those grants that either he or his Ancestors had made to any in Ireland whether of liberties lands or goods which occasion a general murmur and discontent insomuch that the whole Kingdom grew inclin'd to a revolt Item A Parliament was called by the King's Council to sit in October Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond absented Before this there never was seen so much rancor and division between the English of both Kingdoms at last without asking Counsel of the Lord Chief Justice or any other of the King's Ministers the Mayors of the King's Cities together with the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom resolv d among other things to hold another Parliament at Kilkenny in November in order to treat of such matters as concern'd the King and Kingdom Neither the Lord Chief Justice nor any other of the King's Ministers durst repair thither It was concluded in this Parliament by the Nobility and the Mayors aforesaid to dispatch away an ambassadour to the King of England to intercede for Relief and represent the unjust administration of the great Officers in Ireland and declare they could no longer endure their oppression They were particularly instructed in their complaints of the said Ministers to ask How a Land so full of wars and trouble could be govern'd by a Person that was wholly a Stranger to warlike Affairs Secondly How a Minister of the Kings could be imagin'd to grow so rich in a short time And thirdly What was the reason that the King of England was never the richer for Ireland MCCCXLII On the 11th of October and the 11th of the Moon two several Moons were seen by many about Dublin in the morning before day Theone was bright and according to its natural course in the West the other of the bigness of a round loaf stood in the East but not so bright as the former MCCCXLIII S. Thomas's-street in Dublin was accidentally burnt on S. Valentine the Martyr's-day Item The 13th of July D. Ralph Ufford with his Wife the Countess of
Ulster came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland upon whose coming the fair Weather suddenly turned foul and there was nothing but rainy and tempestuous Weather whilst he liv'd None of his Predecessors were comparable to him for he oppress'd the Irish and robbed both Clergy and Laity of their Goods neither did he spare the Poor more than the Rich under a colour of doing good he defrauded many He observed neither the Ecclesiastical nor Civil Laws He was injurious to the natural Irish and did Justice to few if any wholly distrusting all the Inhabitants except some few And being mis-led by his Wife's Counsel these things were his daily Attempts and Practices Item In March as he was going into Ulster through a Pass call'd Emerdullan he was there set upon by one Maccartan who robb'd him of his Mony Cloaths Goods Plate and Horses and kill'd some of his men But at last the chief Justice with the Ergalians got the Victory and made his way into Ulster MCCCXLV The seventh of June there was a Parliament held at Dublin where the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond was not present Item D. Ralph Ufford the Chief Justice of Ireland after S. John Baptist's day without the consent of the Irish Nobility set up the King's Standard against D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond and marched into Munster where he seized on the Earl's Estate and farmed it out to others for a certain yearly Rent to be paid the King Item Whilst he was in Munster he gave Sir William Burton two Writs who was to give one of them to D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare The Contents of which were That under the forfeiture of his whole Estate he forthwith repair unto him with a considerable force to assist the King and him The other was an Order to Sir William Burton to apprehend the Earl of Kildare and imprison him which he finding impracticable persuaded the Earl who was preparing himself with his Army and levying forces to assist the Chief Justice that he should first go to the King's Council at Dublin and act in concert with them that in his Absence his Land might be kept safe and if any harm should come it shou'd be through the default of the Kings Council and not in him Upon this the Earl not distrusting Sir William nor any Plot that was against him prepar'd to go for Dublin where when he came altogether ignorant of the Treachery as he was consulting with the K.'s Council in the Exchequer on a sudden Sir William arrested him and he was taken and carried to the Castle Item The Chief Justice marched with his Army to O-Comill in Munster and to Kering where by treachery he took two Castles of the Earl of Desmond viz. the Castle of Ynyskysty and the Island-castle in which were Sir Eustace Poer Sir William Graunt and Sir John Cottrell who were first drawn and then in October hang'd Item The Chief Justice banished the Earl of Desmond with some other of his Knights After that in November he return'd with his Forces out of Munster to see his Wife then big with Child at Kylmainan near Dublin Besides what he had done to the Laity in indicting imprisoning and in robbing them of their Goods he had also plagued the Ecclesiastical Men as well Priests as Clerks by Arrests and Imprisonment to the end he might fleece them Item He revoked the Grants and Demises of their Lands bestowing them upon other Tenants as also the Writings concerning those Grants notwithstanding they were signed by him and sealed with the King's Seal Item The Earl of Desmond's 26 Mainprisers as well Earls as Barons Knights and others viz. William Lord Burke Earl of Ulster James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond Sir Richard Tuit Sir Eustace Poer Sir Gerald de Rochfort Sir John Fitz Robert Poer Sir Robert Barry Sir Moris Fitz-Gerald Sir John Wellesly Sir Walter Lenfaunt Sir Roger de la Rokell Sir Henry Traharn Sir Roger Poer Sir John Lenfaunt Sir Roger Poer Sir Matthew Fitz-Henry Sir Richard Wallis Sir Edward Burk son to the Earl of Ulster David Barry William Fitz-Gerald Fulk Ash Robert Fitz-Moris Henry Barkley John Fitz-George Roch and Thomas de Lees de Burgh who notwithstanding some of them had been at great Expences in the War with the Chief Justice and in pursuing of the Earls of Desmond yet he depriv'd them of their Estates and disinherited them and sent them all to Prison during the King's pleasure except four viz. William Burg Earl of Ulster James Botiller Earl of Ormond c. MCCCXLVI On Palm-sunday which was on the 9th of April D. Ralph Ufford the Lord Chief Justice died whose death was very much lamented by his Wife and Family but the loyal Subjects of Ireland rejoyced at it and both the Clergy and Laity out of joy did on purpose celebrate a solemn Feast at Easter Upon his death the Floods ceased and the Air again grew wholesome and the common sort of People thanked God for it Being laid in a strong sheet of Lead his Countess very sorrowfully conveyed his bowels with his Treasure not worthy to be bestowed among such holy Relicks into England where he was Interr d. And at last on the second of May a Prodigy which without doubt was the effect of divine Providence this fine Lady who came so gloriously into Dublin with the King's Ensigns and a great number of Soldiers attending her through the Streets where she lived a short time like a Queen of Ireland went out privily at a back Gate in the Castle to avoid the Peoples Clamors for their just Debts and in her disgraceful return home was attended with the Symptoms of death sorrow and heaviness Item After the death of the said Chief Justice Robert Lord Darcy by the consent of the King's Ministers and others was chosen to supply the office of Chief Justice for the time being Item The Castles of Ley and Kylmehede were taken and burnt by the Irish in April Item John Lord Moris being made Chief Justice of Ireland arrived here the 15th of May. The Irish of Ulster gave a great defeat to the English of Urgale in June three hundred at least of them were cut off Item Moris Chief Justice of Ireland was turn'd out of that office by the King and Walter Lord Bermingham put in who came into Ireland with his commission in June sometime after the great slaughter but now mention'd Item The care and preservation of the peace was committed by the King for some time to Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond Having receiv'd this order on the eve of the exaltation of the holy Cross he embark'd immediately thereupon with his Wife and two Sons at Yoghil and arriv'd in England where he pressed hard in a suiâ— at law to have justice against Ralph Ufford the late Lord Chief Justice for the wrongs he had done him Item by the King's order the Earl was to be allow'd twenty shillings a day from the time of his first arrival during
City A Council was held at Naas and a Subsidy of three hundred Marks therein granted to the Lord Deputy At the same time died Sir John Loundres in the fifth day of this Week which fell out to be in Coena Domini O-Thoil took four hundred Head of Cattle that belong'd to Balimer by which Action he broke his own Oath and the publick Peace On the fourth of May Mac Morthe the chief Captain of that Sept and of all the Irish in Leinster was taken Prisoner Hugh Cokesey was knighted on the same day On the last of May the Lieutenant the Archbishop of Dublin and the Mayor made the Castle of Kenini be demolish'd The day after Processus and Martinian William Lord Burgh with others of the English slew five hundred Irish and took O-Kelly prisoner On the feast of S. Mary Magdalen the Lieutenant John Talbot went into England leaving the Archbishop of Dublin to administer in his absence carrying the Curses of his Creditors along with him for he paid little or nothing for his Victuals and was indebted to many About the feast of S. Laurence several died in Normandy viz. Frier Thomas Botiller Prior of Kilmainan with many others Frier John Fitz-Henry succeeded him in the Priory The Archbishop being left Deputy fell upon the Scohies and cut off 30 Irish near the River Rodiston Item On the Ides of February died Frier John Fitz-Henry Prior of Kilmainan and was afterwards succeeded by Frier William Fitz-Thomas elected and confirm'd the morrow after S. Valentin's day Item The day after the feast of S. Peter in Cathedra John Talbot Lord Furnival surrender'd his place to Richard Lord Talbot Archbishop of Dublin who was after chosen Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCCXX On the fourth of April James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond arriv'd at Waterford being made Lieutenant of Ireland and soon after permitted a Combat between his two Cousins of whom the one died in the Field and the other was carry'd off sore wounded to Kilkenny On S. George's day the said Lieutenant held a Council at Dublin and gave order for a Parliament therein In the mean time he took good Booty from O-Raly Mac-Mahon and Mac-Guyer On the 8th of June the Parliament met at Dublin and seven hundred Marks were therein granted to the Lord Deputy This Parliament continued sixteen days and at last was prorogued till the Monday after S. Andrews The Debts of the late Lord Talbot were computed in this Parliament which amounted to a great sum Item On the morrow after S. Michael's day Michael Bodley departed this life Item On S. Francis's eve died Frier Nicholas Talbot Abbot of S. Thomas the Martyr in Dublin succeeded by Frier John Whiting The morrow after S. Simon and Jude's day the castle of Colmolin was taken by Thomas Fitz-Geffery On S. Katherin the Virgin 's eve was born Botiller son and heir to the Earl of Ormond Item On monday after the feast of S. Andrew the foresaid Parliament met at Dublin and sate 13 days The Lieutenant had three hundred Marks granted him herein and it was at last adjourn'd till the monday after S. Ambrose A general Report was at this time That Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Desmond died on S. Laurence-day at Paris and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants there the King being present at his Funeral James Fitz-Gerald his Uncle by the Father's side succeeded to the Seigniory who had thrice dispossess'd him of his Estate and accus'd him of prodigality and waste both in Ireland and England and that he had already given or intended to give Lands to the Abbey of S. James at Keynisham MCCCCXXI The Parliament sat the third time at Dublin the monday after S. Ambrose and therein it was resolv'd That the Archbishop of Armagh and Sir Christopher Preston should be sent to the King for redress of Grievances At the same time Richard O-Hedian Bishop of Cassel was accused by John Gese Bishop of Lismore and Waterford upon 30 distinct Articles and after all That he favour'd the Irish and was averse to the English That he presented none of the English to any Benefices and had given order to other Bishops that they should not preferr them to any Living That he counterfeited the King's Seal and the King's Letters-patents and that he had attempted to make himself King of Mounster That he took a Ring away from the Image of S. Patrick which the Earl of Desmond had offer'd and given it to a Whore of his with several other Crimes all exhibited in Writing against him which created a great deal of vexatious trouble to the Lords and Commons In this Parliament there was also a Debate between Adam Pay Bishop of Clon and another Prelate for the Bishop of Clon was for annexing the other's Church to his See and the other oppos'd it so they were sent to Rome and their difference referr'd to the Pope This Session continued for 18 days In the nones of May a great Slaughter was made among the retinue of the Earl of Ormond Lord Deputy near the Monastery of Leys by O-Mordris 27 of the English were cut off The Principals were Purcel and Grant Ten Persons of Quality were taken Prisoners and 200 fled and were sav'd in the said Monastery On the Ides of May died Sir John Bedley Knight and Jeffery Galon formerly Mayor of Dublin who was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants of that City About this time Mac Mahon did great mischief in Urgal burning and wasting where-ever he came On the 7th of June the Lieutenant went into Leys against O-Moodris with a mighty Army which kill'd all they met with for four days together till the Irish at length promised peace and submission On S. Michael's day Thomas Stanley with all the Knights and ' Squires of Meth and Irel took Moyl O-Downyl prisoner and kill'd several in the 14th year of King Henry VI. No farther go any of the Annals of Ireland which I could meet with These I have inserted here to gratify such as delight in Antiquity As for those nice delicate Readers that would try all by the Writings of Augustus 's Age I am very sensible they will not relish them upon the score of a rough insipid dry Stile such as was common in the Age wherein these were writ However let them take this Consideration along with them That History bears and requires Authors of all sorts and that they must look for bare Matter in some Writers as well as fine Words in others FINIS INDEX A. AAron see Julius and Aaron Ab-Adams 68 238. ABALLABA 806. Abberbury-castle 544. Sir Rich. de 142. Abbot Geo. A. B. of Cant. 161. Rob. B. of Salisb. ibid. Sir Maurice L. Mayor of London ib. Abbots 132. Parliamentary Barons clxxxvii Abbotston 132. Aber what 662 739 939. Aber-Aaron 613. Aberbroth 613. Aber-Chienaug Castle 675. Aber-Conwy 666 671. Abercorn-castle 906. Aber-dau-Gledhau 630. Aberdeen New and Old 940. Aberford 712. Aber-Fraw 676. Abergavenni 598. Abergavenny Lords of 193
Ansly 722. Anthony a Town 10. Antiocheis 65. Antiochus 156. ANTIVESTAEVM Promontorium 5. ANTONA 275 431 432 440. Antonia 235. Antoninus Pius lxviii 703 704 705. Caracalla lxxii Antport 116. Antrim County of 1015. Antrum an Island in Gaul 707. Apelby 806 812. Apenninus xx Apennine Mount 278. English 771 791 805 809. Apewood-Castle 536. Aplederham 103. Apledor-Castle 177. Apledore 212 223. Apleton-Nun 735. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 xxi Apollo Grannus 897. An Apostolical Earl 76. Apotheosis lxxi 786. April call'd Easter-month cxxx Apseley-Gise 235. Apthorp 438. AQVAE SOLIS 69. Aquila 48 173 174 175. Ara what 503 710. Araris 710. ARBEIA vid. Ierby Arca 357. Archbishop of Canterbury 's Suffragan 204. Arch-deacon G. 577. Arch-deaconries clxx Arch-deacons 29 777. Archevesque 33. Archibald Duglass Earl of Angus 896 910. Archigubernus lxviii Architrenius 27. Arcoll 546. Arcubus W. de 773. Ardart 977. Arden 232 503. Ardenburg 503. Ardens ibid. Ardens 503. Arderns 557. Ardes 1013 1014. Ardeth 1009. Ardmanoch 945. Ardmor 981. Ardoch 951. Ardudwy 650 655 951. Ardulph 791. Arduthie 953. Are 710. Areans 839. Arfastus 383. Argenton Rich. de 367. David de 294. Argentons 294 375 407. Argetoooxus 928. Argile 931. Earls of 892 9â—2 934. Argita fl 1020. Arglus 1014. Argonauts 932. Arianism first in England lxxix ARICONIVM 575 579. Arith 22. Arklo Lords thereof 992. Arksey 724. Ar-lech what 655. Arlington 294 327 375 407. Armagh County and City 1011. Armanthwaite 831. Arme 1110. Armed Knight a Rock 20. Armigeri clxxxiii Armitage 905. Armorica xx xxiii xxxi cvi Armorici 649. Armoricans 2. Armaturae 835. Arms and Instruments of Brass where found 6 663 664 672. Arondel 10 181. Arondele 10. Arran 913 1001. Earls of 913. Arrow 503 504 513. Arsia Baron of 253. Arsony Treason 983. Artabri in Spain whence call'd 977. King Arthur 11 59 66 70 120 125 205 529 600 790 818 898 921. Arthur Plantagenet 33 139. Arthur Prince 519 696. Artificial Rocks 95. Artois Blanch of 797. Arvandus 117 118 129 130. Arverni 650. Arviragus lxiv xciii 205 234. Arun 169. Arundels 33 50 90 161 163 165 169 170 179 181 384 431 548. Arundel-Forest 179. Arvonia 663. Arwenack 7. Arwerton 371 513. Arwystili Lords of 653. St. Asaph 687. Ascot 281. Aselli a Constellation 120. Aserby 476. Ashburne 491. Ashburnham 176 182. Ashburton 37. Ashbury 138. Park 150. Ashby St. Leger 432. de la Zouch 444 454. Ashcoughs 472 479. Ashdown 343. Forest 179. Ashele Manor 393. Ashellwell-thorp 384. Asheridge 279. Ashford 197. Ashley Ant. Earl of Shaftsbury 54. Ashleys 50. Ashmole Elias 275. Ashted 165. Ashwell 289 293 403. Ashwood-Heath 537. Ask a Saxon 729. Askeadnith 952. Askerton 835. Askes 761. Aslakton 488. Aspeley-Gowiz 288. Asphaltites a Lake 543. Assenshire 947. Asserius 257. Astalbridge 271. Astalby ib. Astbury 562. Asteley-Castle 507. Asteleys 507. Astleys 529. Aston 724 789. Aston-Steeple 269. Aston Tho. 547. Astons 531. Astroites 466 599. Astures 573 778 834 852. Asturians 501. Astwell 429. Asylum 772. At-Court 634. Aterith 1002. Aterton 789. Athanasius 556. ATHANATON 200. Athelfled 123. Athelm 169. Athelney 61. Athelstan xiii 30 156 173 174 195 213 222 223 269 339 576 720 738 772 862. Athelstanford 896. Athelwold 125 407 408. Atheney Ph. de 357. Athenry Barony 1010. Atherston 507 774. Athie 990. Athol infamous for Witches 935. Athlone 1007. Athol J. Earl of 196. Atkyns Sir Robert 250. Atlynge 396. Aton 901. Attacotti lxxx cxxi Attal-Sarisin leavings of the Saracens 3 Attilborough 385 396. Attilbridge 385. Atton 754. Attons 755 775. ATTREBATII 137. Attrech 137. Att-Scarre 760. Aubigny 120 384. Aubrey Joh. 163 168 211 618 637. Sir John 615. Aubreys 590. Aubley Baron of 531 633. Aubury 111. Auckford 49 54. Audeville W. 521. Audley-end 352. Audley Tho. 333. Hugh 192 237 242. James Lord 531 532 538. Sir Tho. 333. Audleys 239 531 545 790 1014. Audre 409. Audry 410. Aveling 250 Avellina 36 742. Avenmore 980. Avensbury Th. 834. Aventon 233 245. AVFONA 429 431. Augusta the second Roman Legion 202. AVGVSTA a Name of London 310 313. a most honourable Title ib. Augustin the Monk See Austin Augustine 202 556. AVGVSTORITVM 403. Augustus whether ever in Britain xliii Avis 566 742. Aukland 775 783. Auldby 736. Aulerton 489. Aulre 60. Aulton 123 132 193 534. Aultrick 527 Aulus Plautius xliv 231 284 307 308 347 704. Aunsby 476. Aurelius Ambrosius cxxi cxxiii 114 706. Asclepiodatus 312. Aureval Roger de 124. Averhem or Aram 484. Avon 38 69 101 238 431 440 613 669. Avonog 645. Auranches 209. Henry of 492. Ausley-Castle 506. AVSOBA fl 1001. Ausonius 780. Aust 237. Austin de Baa 32. Austin the English Apostle cxxxi 197 198 200 221 315 410 522 AVTERI 1002. Aw fl 952. Awn 983. Awtenbury 424. Ax fl 33 AXELODVNVM 854. AXANTOS 1113. Axey 473. Axholme Island 473. its extent ib. Axminster 33. Axmouth 40. Axones cxxiv Aylesford 193 218. B. BAbbingley 391 401. Babham 's end 144. Bablac 252. Babthorpe 736 737. Backwell 78. Baclughs a Family 905. Bacon Lord Verulam 301 305 315 Bacon Sir Nicholas 369. Bacons 371 374. Baconthorp 390. John ibid. Badbury 50 55. Hill 101. Baddeley 560. Baddesley 504. Bade and Baden what 494. Badew Richard 404 413. Badilfmere Baron of 88 458 192 197 Badin-hill 983. Badminton-great 248. Badon-hill 70. Bagginton 501. Bagmere-lake 562. Bagnal Nic. 1013. Bagnals 1014. Bagotts 501 533 539. Bromley 539. Baileries and Balives their Original 912 Bainard 's a Noble Family 88 120 313 314 345. Bainbrigg 807 813. Bainham 233. Baint 759. Baintbrig cottages ib. Bainton 751. Baintons 88. Baise 295. Bakers 212. Bakewell 494 497. Bala 662 656. Bala-curi 1051. Baldach 575. Baldock 293. Baldred 187 213. Baldwin 34 35 40 160 280 372 650 Balineum for Balneum 761 763. Balin-Tobar 1006. Baliol John 260 270. Sir Alex. 195. Balisford 175. Balista a Robber 588. Balliol 773. Hugh 855. Ballistae 672. Balrodry Barony 993. Balshal 502 504. Balsham 404 406 412 413 414. Baltarbet 1009. Baltingglass 990. Balvenie 955. Balun 598 604. Bamff 944 955. Bampfield 30. Bampton 35 42 817. John de 42. Ban fl 1013 1017. BANATIA 944. Banburrow 860. Banbury 255 256 270. Banchor 556 568 590 1015. Bancroft Arch-bishop of Cant. 200. Ban-dogs 323. Bangor 556 568 690 693 651. Banks Sir John 841. Banks 49 50. Bankyir 959. BANNAVENNA 432 433 444. Bannerets clxxix Bannomanna 964. Banock-bourn 922. Banquo a noted Thane 945. Bany a River 979. Baptism 841. Baramdowne 205. Barbacan 322. Barbury-castle 112. Bapchiâ—d 218. Barden-Tower 713. Bards xvi 1021. Bardney 470. Bardolphs 160 393 483. Barelinck 58. Barford 512. Bariden fl 385. Barker 250. Barking 342. Barkley 74 235 236 238 247 373 447 486. Barklow 352. Barkney-Manour 293. BARKSHIRE 137 149 Earls of 152. Barleys 293. Barlow Bishop 273 811. Barnwell 405 432 996 997. Barodon 455. Barons and Barony clxxv 542 847. Barons in Scotland 892. Barray 1071. Barrington Sir John 746. Barrow-old 526. Dr. Isaac 414. Hill 537. Barrows what 352. Barrow fl
Sollicitor Mr. Camden then Clarentieux my self and some others Of these the Lord Treasurer Sir Robert Cotton Mr. Camden and my self had been of the original Foundation and to my knowledge were all then living of that sort saving Sir John Doderidge Knight Justice of the King 's Bench. We held it sufficient for that time to revive the Meeting and only conceiv'd some Rules of Government and Limitation to be observ'd amongst us whereof this was one That for avoiding offence we should neither meddle with matters of State nor of Religion And agreeing of two Questions for the next Meeting we chose Mr. Hackwell to be our Register and the Convocator of our Assemblies for the present and supping together so departed One of the Questions was touching the Original of the Terms about which as being obscure and generally mistaken I bestow'd some extraordinary pains that coming short of others in understanding I might equal them if I could in diligence But before our next meeting we had notice that his Majesty took a little mislike of our Society not being enform'd that we had resolv'd to decline all matters of State Yet hereupon we forbare to meet again and so all our labours lost But mine lying by me and having been often desir'd of me by some of my Friends I thought good upon a review and augmentation to let it creep abroad in the form you see it wishing it might be rectified by some better judgment The Manuscript is now in the Bodleian Library and any one who has leisure to compare the printed Copy with it will find the Additions under Sir Henry's own hand to be so considerable that he will have no occasion to repent of his labour Thus much for his Education his Works his Friends Let us now view him in his Retirement He found the noise and hurry of business extremely injurious to a broken Constitution that was every day less able to bear it and thought it was time to contract his thoughts and make himself more Master of his hours when he had so few before him Thus when he was towards sixty years of Age he took a House at Chesilhurst some ten miles from London where he liv'd till his dying day and compil'd the greatest part of the Annals of Queen Elizabeth About two years before his death when the pains and aches of old Age had made him in a great measure uncapable of study he enter'd upon another method of serving the Publick by encouraging others in the same search He was not content to have reviv'd Antiquity to have nurs'd and train'd her up with the utmost care and tenderness unless like an indulgent Father he provided her a Fortune and laid a firm Foundation for her future Happiness It was a design he had many years before resolv'd upon witness the Conclusion of his Britannia Nihil aliud nunc restat c. quà m ut Deo Opt. Max. Venerandae Antiquitati Anathema consecrarem quod libens merito nunc voveo c. This was his pious Vow and he was willing to see it discharg'd e're he dy'd Where to bestow this Charity was a point that did not cost him much thought his own Education and other Circumstances gave the University of Oxford a sort of title So after he had settl'd every thing in due form of Law he sent down his Gift by the hands of his intimate Friend Mr. Heather On the seventeenth day of May in the year 1622. Dr. Piers Dean of Peterburrow and then Vice-Chancellor declar'd in Convocation how Mr. Camden had sounded a History-Lecture and for the Maintenance of a Professor had transferr'd over all his right in the Manour of Bexley in Kent to the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the said University With this Proviso That the Profits of the said Manour valu'd at about 400 l. per Annum should be enjoy'd by William Heather his Heirs and Executors for the term of 99 years to begin from the death of Mr. Camden and that during this time the said William Heather should pay to the Professor of History in Oxford the sum of 140 l. yearly Hereupon the University sent him a publick Letter of Thanks and because they understood Mr. Heather was a person for whom he had a singular respect they voluntarily conferr'd upon him the Degree of Doctor of Musick along with Mr. Orland Gibbons another of Mr. Camden's intimate Acquaintance This Civility procur'd them a new Benefactor and a new Lecture For afterwards Mr. Heather as an acknowledgment for this favour founded a Musick Lecture and endow'd it with the Annual Revenue of 16 l. 6 s. 8 d. The first History-Professor was Mr. Degory Whear nominated by Mr. Camden upon the recommendation of the Chancellor Vice Chancellor and other Learned men His first Essay was a General Direction for the Reading of Histories which he dedicated to his Patron Mr. Brian Twine a person admirably well verst in the Antiquities of England procur'd a Grant from the Founder to succeed but he dying before him the right of Election devolv'd upon the University for ever Thus by the same act he discharg'd his Vow and eas'd himself of the cares and troubles of the World The little he had left May 2. 1623. he dispos'd of by Will which he drew up with his own hands about six Months before his death in Charities to the Poor Legacies to his Relations and some small Memorials to his particular Acquaintance All his Books of Heraldry he gave to the Office the rest both Printed and Manuscript to the Library of Sir Robert Cotton But the printed part upon the erection of a new Library in the Church of Westminster was remov'd thither by the procurement of Dr. John Williams Lord Keeper of England Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of this Church who laid hold of an expression in the Will that was capable of a double meaning He was never out of England tho' no one could have promis'd himself a more kind reception among Foreigners He chose a single life apprehending that the incumbrances of a married state was like to prove a prejudice to his Studies He liv'd and and dy'd a Member of the Church of England and gave such clear proofs of his entire affections towards it that 't is a wonder how a certain Romish-Author could have the face to insinuate Analect d◠Rebus Catholic in Hibernia That he only dissembled his Religion and was allur'd with the prospect of Honours and Preferments His zeal against Popery See above lost him a Fellowship in Oxford brought most of his Works under the censure of the Church of Rome and Epist 19◠expos'd him to the lash of Parsons Possevinus and others Many of his Scholars became eminent members of our Church and he converted several Irish Gentlemen from Popery as the Walshes Nugents O-Raily Shee s the eldest son of the Archbishop of Cassiles c. Whether these look more like the actions of an Hypocrite in Religion or the effects of a firm
beneath this Frau or Frome call it which you please dispersing it self maketh a kind of an Island and first visits that ancient town which in the Itinerary of Antoninus is call'd Durnovaria that is the passage over a river Dorchester Ptolemy in some Copies calls it erroneously Durnium in others Dunium This is reckon'd the principal town of the county and yet 't is neither large nor beautiful the walls having been pull'd down by the enrag'd Danes who here and there about the town have thrown up several barrows 6 Whereof one is call'd Maumbury being an acâ—e inditched another Poundbury somewhat greater and the third a mile off as a Camp with five trenches containing some ten acres call'd Maiden-castle Yet it dayly discovers some visible footsteps of Antiquity such are the Roman military or consular way some brass and silver coins of the Roman Emperors 7 Found there and especially at Fordington hard by which the common people call King Dorn's pence whom they fondly conceive in allusion to the name to have been the founder of this town g And a mile off there is a ditch with a Bulwark on the top of an hill pretty large in circumference call'd Maiden-castle Maiden-castle h which one may easily imagine to be the place where the Romans encamp'd in the summer time 8 It Dorchester had anciently a Castle in that place where the Grey-friers built their Convent out of the ruins thereof and hath how but three Parish-churches whereas the compass of the old town seemeth to have been very large But it suffer'd most when Sueno through outragious barbarity renew'd the Danish broils and when Hugh the Norman a man of treacherous principles in whose management were the affairs and government of these parts gave way to all actions of extravagance But what sort of place it was and in what condition in the beginning of the Norman times learn if you please from Domesday book In K. Edward's reign there were 170 houses in Dorchester these defended themselves for all the King's services and paid geld for ten hides but to the work of o Buthsecarles i.e. Classiarii Hovd fol. 257. Huscarls one mark of silver excepting those customs which †Ad firmam noctis were for one night's entertainment There were in it two mint-masters There are now only 82 houses and 100 have been totally demolish'd since Hugh was Sheriff If this language be obscure and unintelligible as Sextus Caecilius said in a case of the like nature it is not to be imputed to the Writer's want of expression but the Reader 's incapacity who cannot come up to the sense of the Author From hence the river Frome runs by Woodford Woodford where formerly Guido de Brient 9 A Baron a martial hero held a small castle where afterwards dwelt 10 Hugh Stafford Hol. But 't is an error Humphrey Stafford of Suthwick p By her it came immediately to Sir Edmund Cheney of Brook and by his daughter to Thomas Strangways which by a coheir of his fell as I have been told to T. Strangwaies Strangwaies a native of Lancashire 11 And brought hither by the first Marquess of Dorset who came to a fair estate in this country whose issue has built a very fine house at Milbery From hence it slows by Byndon call'd by the Saxons Beandun which likewise had its monastery where Kinegilse in the year 614 in a doubtful battel overcame the Britains i q In the reign of Heâ— 8. Some time since 't was the seat of the Lord of Marney now it gives the honorable title of Viscount 12 To the Lord Thomas Howard to Thomas Howard Knight of the Garter whose father nam'd Thomas second son of Thomas Howard the second Duke of Norfolk of that name Queen Elizabeth created Viscount Howard of Byndon Byndon when he r Her name was Elizabeth and that family came to have a Title to the Estate of the Newburrows by her Father John Lord Marney marrying the daughter and heir of Sir Roger Newburrow by marrying the daughter and heir of Baron Marney enter'd upon the great estate of the Newboroughs Newborough in these parts Those who are nam'd de Novoburgo commonly call'd Newborough derive their pedigree from the younger son of Henry Earl of Warwick the first of the Norman line and held here Winfrott with the whole Hundred by the gift of King Henry 1. by service of Chamberlain in chief of our Lord the King as it is in the Inquisition But I have read that in Edward 3's reign Grand Sergeanty it was held by Sergeanty by holding the bason for the King to wash on his Coronation-day Ralph Moien likewise held the next mannour of Owres by service of Sergeanty in the kitchin by the gift also of King Henry 1. Å¿ It is now in the hands of the Lord Stourton as being descended of William de Stourton who in the time of Richard 2. marry'd Elizabeth the daâ—ughter and afterwards heir of Sir John Moigne and R. de Welles the mannour of Welles adjoyning ever since the conquest of England by the service of being Baker But this by the by Where Frome dischargeth it self into that bay upon which Poole is seated about the mouth of it stands Warham Waâ—ham by the Saxons call'd Weareham very secure on all sides but westward being every way else surrounded by the river Trent Frome and the sea In Edward the Confessor's time as it is recorded in Domesday-book it had 148 houses in it and two mint-masters but in William the Conqueror's days there were but 70 houses computed Afterwards it re-flourish'd and was in its greatest prosperity fortify'd having a mint-office with walls quite round being full of inhabitants and a very strong castle which was built by William the Conqueror till Henry 2. came to the Crown 13 Who when he came to challenge the Crown of England in the year 1142. arriv'd here besieg'd and took the Castle which was defended by Robert Laâ—â—y against him in behalf of King Stephen and afterward Robert of Lincoln a man of mighty possessions in those parts defended the same against K. Stephen But c. but from that time suffering much by wars and the casualties of fire together with the sea 's robbing them of the haven it is almost run quite to ruine and the soil that was in the very heart of the ancient town produceth great quantities of garlick k The little river Trent likewise has it's mouth here styl'd so by Asser tho' the inhabitants call it now Piddle from whose northern bank scarce three miles off I saw the ruinous walls of an old Abby call'd Middleton Middleton which King Athelstan founded by way of atonement for taking away both his brother Edwin's life and Crown For when his active and soaring ambition after the government had debauch'd his principle of natural justice he put the poor
this city being both besieg'd and storm'd first surrender'd it self to the Saxons and in a few years as it were recovering it self took the new name of Akmancester q and grew very splendid For Osbrich in the year 676. built a Nunnery and presently after when it came into the hands of the Mercians King Offa built another Church but both were destroy'd in the Danish Wars r Out of the ruins of these there grew up another Church dedicated to S. Peter to which Eadgar sirnam'd the Peaceful because he was there inaugurated King granted several immunities the memory whereof the inhabitants still keep up by anniversary sports In the times of Edw. the Confessor as we read in Domesday-book it gelded for 20 Hides when the Shire gelded There were 64 Burgesses of the King 's and 30 of others But this flourishing condition was not lasting for presently after the Norman Conquest Robert Mowbray nephew to the Bishop of Constance who rais'd a hot rebellion against William Rufus plunder'd and burn'd it But it got up again in a short time by the assistance of John de Villula of Tours in France who being Bishop of Wells did as Malmesbury informs us y Malmesbury has it quingentis libris i.e. 500 pounds for five hundred marks purchase the city of Henry 1. whither he translaâ—ed his See z He was only stil'd Bâ—shop of Bath subscribing himself commonly Joannes Lathon as Doctor Gaidot in his MS. history of the place has prov'd by several instances tho' still retaining the name of Bishop of Wells and built him here a new Cathedral But this not long ago being ready to drop down Oliver King Bishop of Bath laid the foundation of another near it exceeding large and stately which he well-nigh finish'd And if he had quite finish'd it without all doubt it had exceeded most Cathedrals in England But the untimely death of that great Bishop with the publick disturbances 38 And the suppression of Religious houses ensuing and the avarice of some persons who as t is said converted the money gather'd thro' England for that end to other uses envy'd it this glory s However from that time forward Bath has been a flourishing place both for the woollen manufacture and the great resort of strangers 39 For health twice a year and is now encompass d with walls wherein they have fix'd some ancient images and Roman Inscriptions to evidence the Antiquity of the place but age has so wore them out that they are scarce legible And lest any thing should be wanting to the Dignity of Bath Earls of Bath it has honour'd some of the Nobility with the title of Earl For we read that Philebert de Chandew born in Bretagne in France had that title conferr'd upon him by King Henry 7. Afterwards King Henry 8. in the 28th year of his reign created John Bourchier Lord Fitz-Warin Iâ—quis 31 Hen. 8. Earl of Bath 40 Who dyed shortly after leaving by his wife the sister of H. Daubenâ—y Earl of Bridgewater John second Earl of this family who by the daughter of George Lord Roos had John Lord Fitz-Warin who deceased before his father having by Frances the daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of Hengrave Wâ—lliam now third Earl of Bathe who dying in the 31 year of the same King was succeeded by John his son who dy'd in the third year of Queen Elizabeth He before the death of his father had John Lord Fitz Warin from whom is descended William the present Earl of Bath who every day improves the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning ss Geographers make the Longitude of this City to be 20 degrees and 56 minutes the Latitude 51 degrees and 21 minutes For a conclusion take if you please those Verses such as they are concerning Bathe made by Necham who flourish'd 400 years ago Bathoniae thermas vix praefero Virgilianas Confecto prosunt balnea nostra seni Prosunt attritis collisis invalidisque Et quorum morbis frigida causa subest Praevenit humanum stabilis natura laborem Servit naturae legibus artis opus Igne suo succensa quibus data balnea fervent Aenea subter aquas vasa latere putant Errorem figmenta solent inducere passim Sed quid sulphureum novimus esse locum Scarce ours to Virgil's Baths the preference give Here old decrepit wretches find relief To bruises sores and ev'ry cold disease Apply'd they never fail of quick success Thus human ills kind nature does remove Thus nature's kindness human arts improve They 're apt to fancy brazen stoves below To which their constant heat the waters owe. Thus idle tales deluded minds possess But what we know that 't is a sulph'ry place Take also if you think them worth your reading two ancient Inscriptions lately digg'd up upon the high-way below the city in Waldcot-field and remov'd by Robert Chambers a great admirer of Antiquities into his gardens where I transcrib'd them C. MVRRIVS C. F. ARNIENSIS FORO IVLI. MODESTVS MIL. LEG II. * Adjâ—â—â—â—cis prae â—licis AD. P. F. IVLI. SECVND AN. XXV STIPEND †Hic sâ—â— est H. S. E. DIS MANIBVS M. VALERIVS M. POL. EATINVS * C. EQ MILES LEG AVG. AN. XXX STIPEN X. H. S. E. I saw likewise these Antiquities fasten'd on the inner side of the wall between the north and west gates Hercules holding up his left hand with his Club in the right In a broken piece of stone is this writing in large and beautiful letters * Decâ—â—ioni DEC COLONIAE †Glevi 〈◊〉 Glocester GLEV. VIXIT AN. LXXXVI Next leaves folded in Hercules bending two snakes and in a sepulchral table between two little images one whereof holds an Amalthaean horn there is written in a worse character and scarce legible D. M. SVCC PETRONIAE VIXIT ANN. IIII. * Meâ—â— M. IIII. †Dies D. XV. EPO MVLVS ET VICTISIRANA ‖ Filix â—rissime â—cerunt FIL. KAR. FEC A little below in a broken piece of stone and large letters is VRN IOP Between the west and south gates Ophiucus enfolded by a serpent two men's heads with curl'd locks within the copings of the walls a hare running and underneath in a great stone this in letters a cross VLIA ILIA A naked man as 't were laying hands upon a soldier also between the battlements of the walls leaves two lying kissing and embracing each other a footman brandishing his sword and holding forth his shield another footman with a spear and these letters a-cross on a stone III VSA IS VXSC. And Medusa's head with her snaky hairs t Upon the same river Avon which is the bound here between this County and Glocestershire on the western bank of it is Cainsham Cainâ—â— so nam'd from Keina a devout British Virgin whom many of the last age through an over-credulous temper believ'd to have chang'd serpents into stones Serpeâ—â— stones because they find sometimes in
Camp-place singly-ditch'd called Dun-shat and about one mile and a half from Yanesbury another likewise with a single trench named Woldsbury I have noted the names as the Country people term them that others may collect some matter thereby more than I can The Nadder rising in the south border of this County with a winding stream z Mr. Camden's conjecture is made more probable by the true writing of what we call An adder which ought to be writ a nadder being in Saxon Naeddre and accordingly in our Northern parts we call it A nedder The corruption has happen'd in this as in some others by stealing the initial n from the word it self and giving it to a creeps like an adder from whence it seems to have it's name not far from Wardour a pretty Castle Wardour Castle which once belong'd to the ancient family of S. Martins Now it is in the possession that I may omit several of its intermediate a Amongst whom were the Lords Lovel temp Hen. 4. 5. 6. and J. Tuchet Lord Audley 1 Ed. 4. owners 17 And amongst them the Lord Brook who repair'd it and died at it of John Arundel lately made by King James Lord Arundell of Wardour Baron Arundel of whom very honorable mention is to be made because in his youth he piously went into far countries to serve in the wars against the sworn enemies of Christendom the Turks and there for his singular valour at the storming of Gran he merited the honour to be made Count of the Empire by a Patent from the Emperor Rodolph 2. in these words Count of the Empire Forasmuch as he had behaved himself couragiously in the field and at the siege of several Cities and Castles and especially had given eminent proof of his valour at the assault upon the water-town near Gran taking the Flag from the Turks with his own hands we have created made and nominated him and all and every one of his children his heirs and lawful issue for ever of both sexes true Counts and Countesses of the sacred Empire and have dignified them with the Title and Honour of a County Imperial c. b No less valiant was the Lady Arundel who in 1643. with only 25 men made good this Castle for a week against 1300. of the Parliament Forces and they at last contrary to the Articles of Surrender did 100000 l. damage to the Castle and Parks Vid. Merc. Rustic Week 5. On the other side of the river is Hach Hache not very noted at present but famous in the reign of K. Edw. 1. for it's Baron Eustace de Hache Baron of Hache who was then summoned to Parliament among the rest of the Nobility 18 And a few miles from thence is Hindon a quick Market and known for nothing else that I could see At the conflux of these rivers Willey watereth the place from it denominated Wilton Wilton once the chief town of the County to which it gave name It was in times past call'd Ellandunum as appears from some ancient Charters which expresly make mention of Weolsthan Earl of Ellandunum Ellandunum that is of Wilton and again that he built a little Monastery at Ellandunum that is at Wilton From this name Ellan I am partly induc'd to think this river to be the Alanus which Ptolemy placeth in this Tract Alan riv At this place Egbert King of the West-Saxons fought successfully against Beorwulf the Mercian A. D. 821. but the battel was so bloody on both sides that the river was stained with the blood of near relations s Here also A. C. 871. Aelfred fighting against the Danes was at the first Charge conquerour but the fortune of the battel changing he was driven out of the field In the times of the Saxons it was a very populous place King Edgar founded here a Nunnery and as the Historians relate made his daughter Edith Abbess But it is evident from the ancient Charter of Eadgar himself dated A. D. 974. that the Nunnery was much older for in it are these words The Monastery which was built by my great grandfather K. Edward in a noted place by the Inhabitants called Wilton And we read in the life of Edward the Confessor Whilst S. Edward was building the Abbey of S. Peter at Westminster Editha his wife imitating the royal charity of her Husband laid the foundation of a stately Monastery of stone instead of the wooden Church at Wilton where she was educated The town did not much decay tho' it was miserably plunder'd by Swain the Dane until the Bishops of Salisbury c Leland says that before the turning of the road this town had 12 Parish-Churches but now they are reduc'd to one turn'd the Road into the western Countries from it Since that time it has dwindled by little and little into a small village only it hath the honour of a Mayor for its chief Magistrate and the stately house of the Earls of Pembroke built out of the suppressed Abbey But in old time Sorbiodunum Sorbiodunum was and now New-Sarum which arose out of its ruines is a great obstacle of it's splendor Antoninus's Itinerary calleth that town Sorbiodunum which the Saxons afterward named Searysbyrig and the vulgar Latins Sarum and Sarisburia 19 And Salisburialia Old Sarisbury For the course of the Itinerary and the remains of the name evidently shew this without any remark of mine And without doubt Searesbirig was derived from Sorbiodunum the Saxon word Byryg which denoteth a town being put in the place of Dunum Dunum what it signified with the Gauls and Britains which word the Britains and Gauls usually added to places of lofty situation as this Sorbiodunum is So that as one very well skilled in the Welsh language informed me Sorviodunum signifieth a dry hill t which is a more probable conjecture than the far-fetch'd derivation of it from Saron in Berosus or from Severus the Emperour from whom they call'd it Severia u For it was seated on a high hill and as Malmsbury saith The town was more like a Castle than a City being environ'd with a high wall and notwithstanding it was very well accommodated with all other conveniences yet such was the want of water that it was sold there at a great rate This gave occasion to the distich which was made upon Old Sarum by one that lived in those times Est tibi defectus lymphae sed copia cretae Saevit ibi ventus sed Philomela silet Water's there scarce but chalk in plenty lies And those sweet notes that Philomel denies The harsher musick of the wind supplies By the great pieces of the Walls and the Bulwarks yet to be seen it seems to have been a very strong place and near half a mile in circumference Kinric the Saxon after he had fought against the Britains with good success A. D. 553. was the first of the Saxons that won it
had possession of this Monastery 270 years they were turn'd out by the command of King Eadwy and secular Priests put in their room but the Monks were restor'd by King Edgar Bishop Herman would willingly have translated the Bishop's See hither but was prevented in his design by the diligence of the Monks So that the †Monast Angl. T. 1â— p. 97. Abingdon Historiographer is under a mistake when he tells us that the seat of the Bishop of Barkshire and Wiltshire was at Malmsbury and Radulphus de Diceto when he calls Odo Bishop of Ramesbury Bishop of Malmsbury as also Gervasius Tilburiensis when he says that S. Aldhelm had the city of Maidulf that is Scireburn The Abbey here exceeeded all the rest in Wiltshire both in riches and honour the Lord Abbot sitting in Parliament as Peer of the Realm Robert Jenner Esq Goldsmith of London the 1 Car. 1. built an Almshouse here for 8 persons and endow'd it with 40 l. a year g From hence the Avon goes to Dantesey Dantesey of which place Henry Lord Danvers was made by K. Charles 1. Earl of Danby He it was who built the Physick-garden in Oxford and among many other acts of charity founded here an Alms-house and Free-school Upon the attainder of his brother and heir Sir John Danvers the town was given by K. Charles 2. to James then Duke of York whose second son James was created Baron of Dantsey it was afterwards part of the dowry of Queen Mary and since the Revolution belongs to the Earl of Monmouth The Avon bending it's course southward from hence runs near Bradenstoke Bradenstoke without doubt the same town to which Aethelwold carry'd his devastations in the year 905. At which time Bromton says he put to military execution all Brithendune i.e. all in Bradon-forest as far as Brandestok or as Higden more rightly calls it Bradenestoke so that Polydore Virgil Holinshed Speed and our late Historians are very much mistaken in asserting this to be Basingstoke in Hamshire Somewhat lower the Avon receives the Caln Oldbury-hill a little river rising at the bottom of Oldbury-hill * Aubr MS. on which is a large oval camp with double trenches possibly Danish g 2. For the town of Caln Caln 't is probable it arose out of the ruines of the old Roman Colony on the other side of the water near Studley where Roman Coins are frequently found It was one of the Palaces of the West-Saxon Kings and at the time of the Conquest enjoy'd great privileges one whereof was that it never gelded For says Domesday Cauna nunquam geldavit ergo nescitur quot sunt hidae ibidem Not far from Caln is Cummerford Cummerford probably the Cynemaeresford of the Saxon Chronicle call'd by Florence of Worcester Kimeresford where Aethelmund Earl of Mercia making an inroad into the country of the West-Saxons was met by Werstan Earl of Wiltshire between whom was a bloody battle wherein both Commanders lost their lives but the victory fell to the Wiltshire-men Upon second thoughts the circumstances of that action agree more exactly to this place than * Glossar ad Chron. Sax. to Kempsford in Glocestershire for setting aside that the Saxon name is more easily melted into Cummerford Higden tells us it was out of the bounds of Mercia Ethelmundus says he fines suos egressus usque ad vadum Chimeresford and if so it cannot be in Glocestershire If there is as I have been told a large entrenchment near this Cummerford it puts the matter so much the more beyond dispute h The Avon having receiv'd this little river goes forward to Chippenham Chippenham call'd by Bromton Urbs Chipenham one of the chiefest towns in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons and so very often mention'd in the Histories of those times That the Church there was founded by one of the Hungerfords as our Author observes I am afraid is hardly grounded upon any clear authority The Chappel indeed yet call'd Hungerford's Chappel might possibly be founded by Walter Lord Hungerford for 21 Henr. 6. he obtain'd a licence for the founding of a Chantry in the Chappel of our Lady within the Parish-Church of this place Queen Mary in the beginning of her reign granted her Charter to this Corporation which consists of a Bailiff and 12 Burgesses i Next is the Devises Devises call'd by Westminster Visae and by Walter Hemingford Wysae That this town was built by Dunwallo King of the Britains is scarce probable neither is it easie to imagine that it should be inhabited by the Romans tho' on the utmost part of Rund-way hill that overlooks the town there is a square single-trench'd Camp which seems to point out to us the presence of the Romans in those parts The Annotator upon the life of King Alfred has told us upon the authority of Tradition that the Castle here was built by that King but we have ground from the best Historians to believe it was built or at least repair'd by Roger Bishop of Salisbury Speed says It was one of the goodliest Castles in Europe and Holinshed That it was the strongest hold in England Which made Ralph Fitz-Stephen in the war between King Stephen and Mawd the Empress after he had possess'd himself of this Castle boast that by the assistance of it he would subject all the Country between London and Winchester The government of it was formerly look'd upon to be such an honourable post that it has been accepted by the greatest Lords It was not so much demolish'd but that some shew of fortifications were left till the Civil Wars when it was besieg'd more than once And Sir Ralph Hopton's being enclos'd herein by Sir William Waller occasion'd that memorable battle call'd Rundway-fight from the Down upon which it was fought July 13. 1643. Now all the Fortifications are dismantl'd and the very top of the Keep which Leland calls a work of incredible cost dug up by the Gardiners The town is a very populous Corporation consisting of two great Parishes and is govern'd by a Mayor Recorder c. Not far from hence his Heddington Heddington which without doubt was a Roman town as is evident from the foundations of houses that have been dug up here for a mile together and the finding of silver and copper coins of several Roman Emperors some of which are given by Mr. John Aubrey to the Royal Society and to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford These circumstances and the situation of this Heddington on the exact road between Bath and Marlborough made the learned Commentator on â— Alfred's life conclude this to be the Verlucio of Antoninus plac'd by him 15 miles from Aquae Solis and 20 from Cunetio But Heddington not being above 12 from Bath and but 10 from Marleburgh we must †See â—â—â—ward look for Verlucio in some other place South from hence is Steeple-Lavington or East-Lavington commonly call'd Market Lavington Lavingâ—â—â— East from the great
who was his Godfather See Bede lib. 4. c. 13. and upon Baptism gave him this token of adoption Their Country is now divided into three Hundreds with a very little change of the name Meansborow Eastmean o Weastmean is only a Tithing and not a Hundred as the other two Weastmean within which there is a rais'd hill surrounded at the top with a large trench and call'd Old Winchester where tradition tells us there was an ancient City but there is now not the least mark or sign of it so that one may easily imagine it to have been only a Roman Summer-Camp Below this lies Warnford Warnford where Adam de Portu a man of great wealth in those parts under William the Conqueror rebuilt the Church as we are taught by a rude distich fixed on the wall Addae hic portu benedicat solis ab ortu Gens Deo dicata per quem sic sum renovata Good folks in your devotions ev'ry day For Adam Port who thus repair'd me pray q More inward there border upon these the Segontiaci Segontiaci who submitted themselves to Caesar and inhabited the Northern limits of this County living in the Hundred of Holeshot in which we meet with Aulton a Market-town that King Alfred by will left to the Keeper of Leodre and Basingstoke Basingstoke that has a well-frequented market and a very neat Chapel dedicated to the Holy Ghost built by William the first Lord Sands who there lies bury'd Upon the roof of it the history of the Prophets Apostles and Disciples of Christ is very artificially describ d. Below this place Eastward lies Basing Baâ—ing famous for it's Lords of that Sirname St. Johns St. Johns Poinings and Powlets For when Adam de Portu Lord of Basing marry d the daughter and heir of Roger de Aurevall whose wife was the daughter and heir of the noble family of the St. Johns Out of 〈◊〉 old m 〈…〉 this 〈◊〉 then William son of the said Adam took the honorary title of St. John which was retain'd by his successors in a right line But when Edmund de St. John in the time of Edward 3. died without issue Margaret his sister marrying John de St. Philibert brought to him the whole estate of the Lords St. John She likewise dying without issue Isabel her other sister wife of * Sir Luke Hol. Luke Poynings had by him Thomas Lord of Basing whose grandchild Constantia by his son Hugh became heir to this part of the estate and being marry'd into the family of the Powlets was the great grandmother of that William Powlet Powlet who by K. Henr. 8. was made Baron St. John of Basing and by King Edward 6. Earl of Wiltshire and Marquess of Winchester and being Lord High Treasurer of England after he had in most troublesome times run through a course of the highest honours He lived â—â— years dy'd in a good old age a happiness that rarely attends Courtiers He built here a seat both for largeness and beauty wonderfully magnificent but which was so overpower'd by it's own weight that his posterity have been forc'd to pull down a part of it r Nigh this place we see The Vine Vines 〈◊〉 brought 〈◊〉 to Engâ—aâ—d a very neat house of the Barons of Sandes and so call'd from Vines which we have had in Britain more for shade indeed than fruit Vopiscus ever since the time of Probus the Emperor For 't was he that gave liberty to the Britains and some other nations to have Vines The first Baron of this family was †Sir William Hol. William Sandes Barons 〈◊〉 Sandes whom King Henry 8. advanc'd to that honour when he was his Chamberlain and had encreas'd his estate by marriage with Margery Bray daughter and heir of John Bray and Cousin of Reginald Bray Knight of the Garter and a most eminent Baneret To him was born Thomas Lord Sandes grandfather to William now living Nigh this place to the south-east lies Odiam Odiam now proud of a Palace of the King 's and once known for the prison of David 2. King of Scots It was formerly a free burrough of the Bishop of Winchester's Matth â—â—ris the Castle whereof in the reign of K. John was defended by 13 English for 15 days together against Lewis Dauphine of France who straitly besieged it with a great Army Higher up among the Segontiaci upon the Northern edge of the County lay the City of these Segontiaci Vindonum which losing it's old name Vindâ—â—â— took that of it's inhabitants as Lutetia in France borrow'd it's name from the Parisians For this place was call'd by the Britains Caer Segonte that is the City of the Segontians and so Ninnius terms it in his Catalogue of Cities we at this day call it Silcester Silcester and Higden seems to give it the name of Britenden from the Britains I am induc'd to call this place the Vindonum because it agrees with the distances of Vindonum from Gallena or Guallenford and from Vinta or Winchester in the Itinerary of Antoninus and the rather too because there is a military way still visible between this Silcester and Winchester Ninnius tells us this City was built by Constantius son of Constantine the Great and that it was once call'd Murimintum perhaps for Muri-vindun that is the Walls of Vindonum for the Britains retain the word Mure borrow'd from the Provincial language and the V consonant they often change into M in their pronunciation On the ground whereon this City was built I deliver Ninnius's words the Emperâ—r Constantius sow'd 3 grains of Corn that no poor person might ever inhabit there So Dinocrates at the building of Alexandria in Egypt as Ammianus Marcellinus has it strowed all the out-lines with †Farioâ— Wheat by which Omen he foretold that that City should always be supplied with plenty of provisions The same Author also reports that Constantius dy'd here and that his sepulchre was to be seen at the gate of the City as appear'd by the inscription But in these matters let Ninnius vindicate his own credit who indeed has stuff'd that little history with a great many trifling lies But thus much I dare affirm that this city was in great repute in that age and I myself have here found several coins of Constantine Junior son of Constantine the Great which on their reverse have the figure of a building and this inscription PROVIDENTIAE CAESS But all writers agree that Constantius whom Ninnius makes the builder of this city dy'd at Mopsuestia or Mebsete in Cilicia and was thence carry'd to the sepulchre of his Ancestors at Constantinople 〈…〉 I deny not but that a †sepulchre or honorary grave might be here made for the Emperor for such like ‖ Barrows of earth were often made in memory of the dead â—mulâ— â—orary 〈◊〉 or â—ows round which the souldiers had yearly their solemn exercises in
last Office he was able to pay him not to preserve his memory which his many Virtues had made immortal but his body committed to the ground in hopes of a joyful Resurrection As for the River which runs by and has its Spring in the Northern parts of this County it is enlarg'd by the influx of many Rivulets on both sides the most noted of which washes Cowdrey a noble seat of Viscount Montacute 7 Which for building oweth much to the late Viscount and formerly to Sir William Fâ—tz-Williams Earl of Southamton and has on it's other side Midherst 8 That is Middle-wood proud of its Lords the Bohuns who bear for their Arms A Cross Azure in a Field Or and from Ingelricus de Bohun under K. Hen. 1. flourish'd till Hen. 7's days who gave in marriage the Daughter and heir of John Bohun to Sir David Owen Knight the natural Son of Owen Theodore or Tudor with a large inheritance Bohuns of Mâ—dâ—â—â—â— Their Arms Spigurâ—el what a signifies These Bohuns were to note by the by the antiquity of a word now grown out of use for some time the Kings Spigurnels by inheritance that is the Sealers of his Writs which Office together with the Serjeanty of the King's Chapel was resigned to K. Edw. 1. by John de Bohun the Son of Franco as we read in an old Charter made concerning that very matter Next we have a sight of Pettworth Pettwâ—â—th which William D'Aubeney Earl of Arundel gave together with a ‖ large estate to Josceline of Lovain a Brabander Queen Adeliza's brother a younger son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant descended from the stock of Charlemain upon his marriage with Agnes the only daughter and heir of the Percies The Percies Since which time the posterity of that Josceline having assumed the name of Percy as we shall tell you elsewhere have held it See Northumberland in the end A family certainly very ancient and noble which derive their descent from Charlemain more directly and with a series of Ancestors much less interrupted than either the Dukes of Lorrain or Guise who so highly value themselves upon that account This Josceline as I have seen in a donation of his us'd this Title Josceline of Lovain Brother of Queen Adeliza Castellane of Arundel As the shore gives back from the mouth of Arun 9 Inwardly is Michelgrove that is Great Grove the heir general whereof so surnamed was married to John Shelley whereby with the profâ—ssion of the Law and a marriage with one of the Coheirs of Beknap the family of Shelley was greatly enrich'd near Tering lies Offingtons The faâ—â—â— of the Wâ—â—â— the seat of William West Baron De la-ware This of the Wests is a noble and ancient family whose estate being much enlarg'd by matching with the heirs of Cantelupe of Hempston and of Fitz-Reginald Fitz-Herbert was adorn'd also with the title of Baron by the heir general of the Lord De-la-ware Barons de 〈◊〉 Ware Hard by is a sort compass'd about with a bank rudely cast up where the inhabitants believe that Caesar intrench'd and sortify'd his Camp But Cissbury Cissbury the name of the place plainly shews it was the work of Cissa who was the second King of this Kingdom of the Saxon race succeeding Aella his father and with his brother Cimen and no small body of Saxons landed on this coast at Cimen shore Cimeâ—-shore so call'd of the said Cimen a place which now hath lost it's name but that it was near Wittering King Cedwalla's Charter of Donation made to the Church of Selsey is a very convincing proof There is another fort likewise to be seen two miles from Cissbury which they commonly call Chenkbury Thence near the sea lies Broodwater the Barony of the Lords de Camois Câ—mâ—â—s who flourish'd here from the time of King Edward 1. till * Heâ—â—â— time our Grandfathers remembrance when by female heirs the estate fell to the Lewkenors and Radmilds Of this family John Camois son of Lord Ralph Camois by a president not to be parallel'd in that nor our own age out of his own free will I speak from the Parliament Rolls themselves gave and demised his own wife Margaret daughter and heir of John de Gaidesden A Wâ—â—e given 〈◊〉 grantâ—◠〈◊〉 another Paâ—l â—â— Edw. â— to Sir William Painel Knight and to the same William voluntarily gave granted released and quit claimed all the goods and chattels which she hath or otherwise hereafter might have and also whatsoever was in his hands of the aforesaid Margaret 's goods and chattels with their appurtenances So that neither he himself nor any man else in his name might claim or challenge any interest nor ought for ever in the aforesaid Margaret from henceforth or in the goods or chattels of the said Margaret Which is as much as what the Ancients said in one word Ut omnia sua secum haberet that she should have away with her all that was hers By vertue of which grant when she demanded her dowry in the mannour of Torpull an estate of John Camois her first husband there commenc'd a memorable suit But she was cast in it and sentence pass'd That she ought to have no dowry from thence Upon a Statute made against Women absenting themselves from their Husbands c. This I mention with a sort of reluctancy but I perceive Pope Gregory had good reason to write to Archbishop Lanfrank that he heard there were some amongst the Scots that not only forsook their Wives but sold them too since even in England they so gave and demis'd them Upon the shore a little lower appears Shoreham Shoreham anciently Score-ham which by little and little has dwindled into a poor village now call'd Old Shoreham having given rise to another Town of the same name the greatest part whereof is ruin'd and under water and the commodiousness of it's Port by reason of the banks of sand cast up at the mouth of the river wholly taken away whereas in former ages it was wont to carry ships under sail as high as Brember Brember-Castâ—e at a pretty distance from the sea This was a castle formerly of the Breoses for K. William 1. gave it to William de Breose from whom the Breoses Lords of Gower and Brechnock are descended and from them also the Knightly Families of the Shirleys in this County and Leicestershire But now instead of a castle there is nothing but a heap of ruins beneath which lies Stening on set-days a well-frequented market which in Aelfred's Will if I mistake not is called Steyningham 10 In latter times it had a Cell of Black Monks wherein was enshrin'd St. Cudman an obscure Saint and visited by Pilgrims with Oblations e â—â—â—tus Ad â—ni 〈◊〉 Proâ—â—â—rum That ancient port also call'd Portus Adurni as it seems is scarce 3 miles off the mouth of the river where when the Saxons
16 Now cut down which commendeth Sir William Sevenok an Alderman of London who being a foundling and brought up here and therefore so named built here in grateful remembrance an Hospital and a School On the east-side of it standeth Knoll so call'd for that it is seated upon a hill which Thomas Bourchier Archbishop of Canterbury purchasing of Sir William Fienes Lord Say and Scale adorn'd with a fair house and now lately Thomas Earl of Dorset Lord Treasurer hath furbish'd and beautify'd the old work with new chargeable additaments g and so to Ottanford now Otford Otford famous for a bloody defeat of the Danes in the year 1016 h and proud of it's Royal house built by Warham Archbishop of Canterbury for him and his successors with such splendour and stateliness that Cranmer his immediate successor to avoid envy was forc'd to exchange it with Henry 8. Lullingston Lullingston where was formerly a castle the seat of a noble family of the same name 17 But now of Sir Percival Hart descended from one of the coheirs of the Lord Bray lies lower down upon the Darent i which at it's mouth gives name to Darentford commonly Dartford Dartford a large and throng market k 18 Where King Edward 3. built a Nunnery which K. Henry 8. converted into a house for himself and his successors and below that receives the little river Crecce 19 Anciently called Creccan when in his short course he hath imparted his name to five Townlets which he watereth as St. Mary-Crey Paul's Crey Votes-Crey North-Crey and Crey-Ford At Creccanford now Creyford a ford over this river Hengist the Saxon eight years after the coming in of the Saxons engag'd the Britains where he cut off their Commanders and gave them such a blooâ—y defeat that afterwards he quietly establish'd his kingdom in Kent without any fear of disturbance from that quarter From Darent to the mouth of Medwey the Thames sees nothing but some small towns the omission whereof will be no damage either to their reputation or any thing else l 20 Yet amongst them is Swanscomb of which I have heretofore spoken of honourable memory among the Kentish-men for obtaining there the continuance of their ancient Franchises Afterwards it was well known by the Mentceusies men of great nobility the owners thereof who had their Barony hereabouts In the margin Swanescomb i.e. K. Swane's Camp However the most considerable of them are these Graves-end 21 So called as Mr. Lambard is my Author as the Gâ—reves-end i.e. the limit of the Gereve or Reve. Gravesend remarkable as any town in England 22 For the usual passage by water between it and London since the Abbot of Gâ—ace by the Tower of London to which it appertain'd obtain'd of K. Richard 2. that the inhabitants of it and Milton only should transport passengers from thence to London for being a sort of station between Kent and London where King Hen. 8. †When he fortify'd the sea coasts fortify'd both sides of the river 23 Beyond Gravesend is Shorn held anciently by Sir Roger Northwoâ—d by service to carry with others the King's Tenants a white Ensign 40 days at his own charges Inquis 39 E. 3. when the King warr'd in Scotland On the back of this a little more within land stands Cobham for a long time the seat of the Barons of Cobham Barons of Cobham the last whereof John Cobham built a College here and a Castle at Couling leaving one only daughter wife of John de la Pole Knight who had by her one only daughter Joan marry'd to several husbands But she had issue only by Reginald Braybrok Her third husband 24 Sir John Old-castle John de Oldcastle was hang'd and burnt for endeavouring innovations in Religion But the only daughter of Reginald Braybrooke call'd Joan was marry'd to Thomas Brook of the County of Somerset from him the sixth in a lineal descent was lately Henry Brooke Baron Cobham who because fortune did not humour him in every thing by the force of insolence and anger was induc'd to throw off his Allegiance to the kindest of Princes for which he had the sentence of death pass'd upon him but remains alive to this day a lasting monument of the Royal clemency From Graves-end a small tract like a Chersonese call'd Ho Ho. shoots it self out a long way to the east between the Thames and the Medway the situation of it not very wholsom 25 At the entry hereof is Cowling-castle built by John Lord Cobham in a moorish ground In it is Cliffe Cliffe a pretty large town so nam'd from the Cliff upon which it stands But whether this be that Clives at Ho famous for a Synod in the infancy of the English Church I dare not as some others are be positive partly because the situation is not very convenient for a Synod and partly because this Clives at Ho seems to have been in the kingdom of Mercia m The river Medwege now Medway Medway in British if I mistake not Vaga to which the Saxons added Med rises in the wood Anderida call'd Wealde Weald i.e. a woody country which for a long way together takes up the south part of this County At first being yet but small 26 It receiveth the Eden Pensherst it runs by Pens-hurst 27 The seat anciently as it seemeth by the name of Sir Stephen de Penherst who was also called de Penshester a famous Warden of the Cinque-ports the seat of the ancient family of the Sidneys descended from William de Sidney Sidney Chamberlain to Henry 2. Of which family was 28 Sir Henry Sidney Henry Sidney the famous Lord Lieutenant of Ireland who by the daughter of John Dudley Duke of Northumberland and Earl of Warwick had Philip and Robert Robert was honour'd first with the title of Baron Sidney of Penshurst and then with that of * Vicecomes insulae See in Barkshire Sir Philip Sidney Viscount Lisle by the present K. James But 29 Sir Philip. Philip not to be omitted without an unpardonable crime who was the great glory of that family the great hopes of mankind the most lively pattern of virtue and the darling of the learned world hotly engaging the enemy at Zutphen in Gelderland lost his life bravely This is that Sidney whom as Providence seems to have sent into the world to give the present age a specimen of the Ancients so did it on a sudden recall him and snatch him from us as more worthy of heaven than earth Thus where Virtue comes to perfection 't is gone in a trice and the best things are never lasting Rest then in peace O Sidney if I may be allow'd this address we will not celebrate your memory with tears but admiration Whatever we lov'd in you as the best of Authors speaks of that best Governour of Britaine Tacitus of Agricola
of Kingsdowne had that seditious 57 Sir Bartholomew Lord Badlismere Bartholomew mention'd before He again by Margaret Clare had 58 Sir Giles Lord Badilsmere Giles who dy'd without issue Margery wife of William Roos of Hamlak Mawd of John Vere Earl of Oxford Elizabeth of William Bohun Earl of Northampton and afterwards of Edmund Mortimer and Margaret of 59 Sir John John Tiptoft from whence descended a splendid race of Princes and Noblemen 60 Then saw I Tenham not commended for health but the parent as it were of all the choice fruit-gardens and orchards of Kent and the most large and delightsome of them all planted in the time of K. Henry 8. by Richard Harris his fruiterer to the publick good for 30 Parishes thereabout are replenish'd with Châ—rrygardens and Orchards beautifully dispos'd in direct lines Next I saw Feversham Feversham which is very commodiously seated for the most plentiful part of this Country lyes all round it and it has a bay very convenient for the importation and exportation of commodities for which reasons it flourishes at this day above it's neighbours And it seems formerly to have made a good figure since K. Aethelstan held a Meeting here of the Wise men of the Kingdom and enacted Laws in the year of our Redemption 903. and that Stephen who usurp'd the Crown of England built a Monastery for Cluniacks wherein himself his wife Mawd and his son Eustace were all bury'd u Near this place as also in other parts of the County they discover here and there pits of great depth which tho' narrow at the top yet more inward are very capacious having as it were distinct chambers with their pillars of Chalk To what end the pits in Kent might be made Several opinions have been broach'd about them For my part I have nothing to offer as my own conjecture unless they were those pits out of which the Britains digg'd white chalk to manure their ground as they are mention'd by Pliny For says he they us'd to sink pits a hundred foot deep narrow at the mouth but within of a great compass and just such are those very pits we describe nor are they met with any where but in chalky grounds Unless some imagine that the English-Saxons might digg such holes for the same uses the Germans did from whom they were descended They were wont says Tacitus to digg holes under ground and to overlay them with great quantities of dung thus they prov'd a refuge against winter and a garner for their corn for the bitterness of the cold is allay'd by such places And if at any time the enemy should surprise them he plunders only what 's open and expos'd the secret corners and pits being either altogether unknown or safe upon this account that they are to be sought for From thence upon an open shore abounding with shell-fish and particularly oysters of which the pits are very common we see Reculver Reculveâ— in Saxon Reaculf but formerly by the Romans and Britains Regulbium Regaâ—â—â—â— as 't is call'd in the Notitia which tells us that the Tribune of the first Cohort of the Vetasians lay here in garrison under the Count of the Saxon shore 61 Who had the command then of nine ports as the Lord Warden hath now of five ports for so in those times were the sea-coasts hereabouts stil'd And it justifies this it's Antiquity by l There have been ancient Medals and Coins lately dugg up here the coyns of Roman Empeâ—ors that are dugg up in it Aethelberht King of Kent when he gave Canterbury to Austin the Monk built here a palace for himself Basso a Saxon adorn'd it with a Monastery out of which Brightwald the eight in the See of Canterbury was call'd to be Archbishop Whereupon it was from the Monastery call'd also Raculf-minster when Edred brother to Edmund the Elder gave it to Christ-Church in Canterbury m Nothing is left but the Church and about 12 houses the sea having gain'd all the Town and at this day the Church it self is in great danger to be lost and to preserve it there are men almost continually employ'd to make good the wall or banks which may prevent it's breaking At this day 't is nothing but a little Country village and the small reputation it has is deriv'd 62 From the salt savoury oysters there dredged from that Monastery the towers whereof in the form of Pyramids are of use to sea-men for the avoiding of sands and shelves in the mouth of the Thames Haâ—râ—aâ—â— Jâ—â—â—â— H. â— in maâ—g For as a certain Poët has it in his Philippeis Cernit oloriferum Tamisim sua Doridi amarae Flumina miscentem See Thames renown'd for Swans with brackish waves Mix her pure stream w Now we are come to the Isle of Tanet divided from the Continent by the small chanel of the river Stour by Bede called Wantsum Stour 〈◊〉 which is made up of two different rivers in that woody tract nam'd the Weald So soon as it gets into one chanel it visits Ashford and Wy noted market-towns but small Both of them had their College of Priests that at the latter built by John Kemp Archbishop of Canterbury a native of the place x and the other by Sir R. Fogg Knight Wy had a peculiar Well also into which God was mov'd to infuse a wonderful virtue by the Prayers of 63 Eustace a certain Norman Monk if we may believe Roger Hoveden Pag. 45â— whom I would by all means recommend you to if you are an admirer of Miracles 64 As how the blind by drinking thereof recovered sight the dumb their speech the deaf their hearing the lame their limbs And how a woman possess'd of the Devil sipping thereof vomited two toads which immediately were first transform'd into huge black dogs and again into asses And much more no less strange than ridiculous which some in that age as easily believ'd as others â—asly forg'd Thence the Stour leaving East well the inhabitation of the family of the Finches worshipful of it self and by descent from Philip Belknap and Peoplesham goeth on to Chilham c. Next is Chilham Chilham or as others call it Julham where is the rubbish of an ancient Castle which one Fulbert of Dover is said to have built Fulbert of Dover which family soon ended in a female heir marry'd to Richard natural son of King John to whom she brought this castle and very large possessions He had two daughters by her Lora wife of William Marmion and Isabel wife of David de Strathbolgy Earl of Athole in Scotland 65 Afterward of Sir Alexander Baliol who was call'd to Parliament by the name of Lord of Chilham and mother to that John Earl of Athole who having been sentenc'd for repeated treasons to make him conspicuous in proportion to the nobility of his birth was hang'd at London upon a gallows 50 foot
Burrill is single-trench'd and seems to have been ruin'd before fully finish'd Within the bank it contains 20 acres of arable land but on the west and south sides there is no bank nor trench which probably was occasion'd by the steep Meres that would not give leave to draw them The New-merch or de novo mercatu mention'd by our Author came in with the Conquerour but had only two daughters Hawys and Isabel as Sir William Dugdale in his Baronage has told us Mr. Camden's mistake in making three seems occasion'd by the elder being marry'd first to John Botereaux and afterwards to Nicholas de Moels which two he says marry'd two of the daughters This Deorham from Ralph Russel descended to Sir Gilbert Dennys who marry'd the heiress of that family thence to the Winters whose heiress marry'd to William Blathwayt Esq the present possessor he hath built here a stately new fabrick in the room of the old one Not far from hence lyeth Great Badminton Great Bâ—minton a seat belonging to his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort which having been made his Country-residence since the demolishment of Rayland Castle is so adorn'd with stately additions to the house large parks neat and spacious gardens variety of fountains walks avenues Paddocks and other contrivances for recreation and pleasure as to make it justly esteem'd one of the most complete seats in the kingdom all which is owing to the care judgment and expence of the present Duke But here we must not omit Chipping-Sodbury Chippinâ—-Sodbury a market-town below the hills which hath a Free-school and was govern'd by a Bailiff but about 1681. 't was made a Corporation with a Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses which was suppressed by the Proclamation of K. James 1688. Next is Wotton-under-edge Wotton-under-eâ— famous for Cloathing where is a noble Free-school erected by Catherine relict of Thomas Lord Berkley in the year 1385. an Alms-house by Hugh Perry Alderman of London in 1632. which cost 1000 l. and the like sum was given by Sir Jonathan Daws late Sheriff of London for the relief of the poor w In this bottom lyeth Dursly Dursâ—y a market-town famous for Cloathing Kingeswood Abbey which our Author mentions is by all writers plac'd in Glocestershire whereas the whole Parish is really in the County of Wilts under the power of their Sheriffs and Justices but within the Diocese of Glocester It was founded by William Berkley 1139. thence removed to Tetbury and at last fix'd here till the Dissolution x Above the hills is Beverston Beverston Castle which formerly belong'd to the Berkleys but is now in the possession of Sir William Hicks Baronet Beyond which lyeth Tetbury where is a great market for yarn and a Free-school and Alms-house by the bounty of Sir William Romney a native of the place It belong'd to the Berkleys but they sold their right to the inhabitants who now enjoy the tolls and profits of the markets and fairs y In Coteswold near Norlich or North-Leach at a village call'd Farmington Aubr MS. is an exceeding large Roman camp nam'd Norbury Norbury 850 paces long and 473 broad The Works are but single and not very high 't is now a corn-field and not far from it westward there is a barrow In the same Would is Painswick-Parish about 5 miles from Glocester †wherein is Kimsbury-Castle Kimsbury-Castle exceeding high Ibid. on the north-side it has a vast precipice and on the other sides stupendous Works From hence is a most lovely prospect over the Vale to Malvern-hills to Shropshire Worcestershire Herefordshire and Monmouthshire z In the north part of the County is Camden â—amden a market-town famous for Stockings It gave the title of Viscount to Sir Baptist Hicks 4 Car. 1. who was a great benefactor to this place by erecting an Alms-house rebuilding the market-place and annexing the Impropriation of Winfryth in Dorsetshire for the augmentation of the Vicaridge He built here a curious house near the Church which was burnt in the late Civil Wars lest it should be a garrison for the Parliament and lyes bury'd in the south I le of the Church which is adorn'd with such noble monuments of marble as equal if not exceed most in England He gave in his life-time ten thousand pounds to charitable uses as his Epitaph mentions and leaving only two daughters the honour descended to my Lord Noel by marrying the eldest of them whose posterity are now Earls of Gainsburrow The Weston mention'd by our Author near this place is not that where Ralph Sheldon built his house for he had no land there but Weston in the parish of Long-Compton in Warwickshire of which place he was then Lord as his posterity are to this day Beyond Camden on a rising ground is Ebburton where the Lord Chancellour Fortescue lies buried his monument was not erected till the year 1677. aa Next is Hales-Abbey which was begun in the year 1246. and when 't was dedicated the King Queen and Court were all present at the solemnity There are now but small remains of it only a neat cloyster the rest being turn'd into a fair house now in the possession of William Lord Tracy of Toddington two miles off where he has a stately house the seat of his Ancestors Alexander de Hales mention'd by our Author lies bury'd in the Cordeliers Church in Paris and if his Epitaph says true dy'd 1245. a year before this Abbey was begun so that I do not see how he could have his education here bb Not far from hence is Winchcomb Wâ—nchcomb where are scarce any ruins visible either of the Abbey or of that which was call'd Ivy-Castle or of St. Nicholas Church that stood in the east part of the town The inhabitants made planting of Tobacco their chief business which turn'd to good account till restrain'd by the 12 Car. 2. they decay'd by little and little and are now generally poor cc A little lower lies Brimpsfield Brimpsfield which was formerly a place of some repute for we find that Lionel Duke of Clarence had a Charter for a weekly market here on Tuesdays and a Fair on the Eve of Corpus Christi here was also a Priory and a Castle but both are vanish'd John Gifford Lord of this place founded Glocester-hall in Oxon. for the Monks of Glocester dd On the edge of Oxfordshire is Stow Stow. a great market where as the common observation goes they have but one element viz. Air there being neither wood common field nor water belonging to the town It hath an Alms-house a Free school and a multitude of poor Here in the year 1645. March 21. the forces of King Charles 1. being over-power'd were routed by the Parliament-Army ee Next is North leach Northleach a market-town with a neat Church Here is a good Grammar-school founded by Hugh Westwood Esq who as 't is commonly reported came afterwards to be low in the world and desiring
260 foot the height of the wooden part belonging to the same Belfrey 274 foot c. k Diana's Temple Some have fancy'd that a Temple of Diana formerly stood here and there are circumstances that back their conjecture as the old adjacent buildings being call'd in their Records Dianae Camera i.e. the Chamber of Diana the digging up in the Church-yard in Edward the first 's reign as we find by our Annals a great number of Ox-heads which the common people at that time not without great admiration lookt upon to be Gentile-sacrifices and the Learned know that the Tauropolia were celebrated in honour of Diana And when I was a boy I have seen a stagg's-head fixt upon a spear agreeable enough to the Sacrifices of Diana and carry'd about within the very Church with great solemnity and sounding of Horns And I have heard that the Stagg which the family of Baud in Essex were bound to pay for certain lands us'd to be receiv'd at the steps of the Quire by the Priests of this Church in their Sacerdotal robes and with garlands of flowers about their heads Whether this was a custom before those Bauds were bound to the payment of that Stagg I know not but certain it is this ceremony savours more of the worship of Diana and the Gentile-errours than of the Christian Religion And 't is beyond all doubt that some of these strange Rites crept into the Christian Religion which the primitive Christians either clos'd with out of that natural inclination mankind has to Superstition or bore with them a little in the beginning with a design to draw over the Gentiles by little and little to the true worship of God l However ever since this Church was built it has been the See of the Bishops of London and under the Saxons fifty years after the expulsion of Theonus the first Bishop it had was Melitus a Roman consecrated by Augustine Archbishop of Canterbury It was in honour to this Augustine that the Archiepiscopal * Insignia Dignity and the Metropolitical See were translated from London to Canterbury against the express order of Pope Gregory There are bury'd in this Church to say nothing of S. Erkenwald Persons buried in Paul's and the Bishops Sebba King of the East-Saxons who quitted his Crown for the sake of Christ and Religion Ethelred or Egelred who was rather an oppressor than governour of this kingdom the beginning of his reign barbarous the middle miserable and the end shameful he made himself inhuman by conniving at Parricide infamous by his cowardize and effeminacy and by his death miserable Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster Simon de Burley a famous Knight 17 A right noble Knight of the Garter executed by encroached authority without the King's consent J. de 18 Sir John de Bellocampo or Beauchamp Beauchamp Warden of the Cinque-Ports J. Lord Latimer Sir John Mason William Herbert Earl of Pembroke Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper a person of great conduct and profound judgment Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Walsingham most famous Knights c. and 19 Sir Christopher Hatton Christopher Hatton Lord High Chancellour of England to whose sacred and lasting memory his †Nepos nephew 20 Sir William Hatton William Hatton of the ancient family of the Newports but by him adopted into the name and family of the Hattons dutifully erected a magnificent monument becoming the dignity and high character of so great a Man m Besides this there is nothing of the Saxon work that I know of remains in London for 't was not long they had enjoy'd a settl'd peace when the West-Saxons subdu'd the East-Saxons and London fell into the hands of the Mercians And these civil wars were scarcely ended but presently a new northern storm breaks out namely that Danish one which miserably harrass these parts and gave a great blow to this city For the Danes got possession of it but Aelfred retook it and after he had repair'd it committed it to the government of his son-in-Law Aethelred Earl of the Mercians Notwithstanding after this those Plunderers did often besiege it especially Canutus who dugg a new chanel with a design to divert the Thames but they always lost their labour the citizens stoutly defending it against the assaults of the enemy But for all this they were under continual apprehensions till they joyfully receiv'd William the Norman and saluted him King whom Providence had design'd 21 The good of England against those spoilers for the Crown of England From that time the winds ceas'd the clouds scatter'd and the true golden age shone forth Since then it has not endur'd any signal calamity but by the bounty of our Princes obtain'd several immunities began to be call'd the ‖ Camerâ— Chamber of the Kings and has grown so in Trade ever since that William of Malmsbury who liv'd near that time calls it a City noble wealthy in every part adorn'd by the riches of the citizens and frequented by merchants from all parts of the world And Fitz-Stephens who liv'd in that age has told us that then London had 122 Parish-Churches and 13 belonging to * Conventuales Convents and that upon a muster made of all that were able to bear Arms it sent into the field forty thousand foot and twenty thousand horse Then it began to encrease on every side with new buildings and the suburbs round to stretch it self a long way from the city-gates n especially to the west where it is most populous Nurseries for Common Law or Inns of Court and has 12 Inns of Court for the study of our Common-Law Four of them very large and splendid belong †Ad â—â—â—ns sive â—â—am to the Judicial-Courts the rest to Chancery 22 Bâ—sides two Inns moreover for the Serjeants at Law In these there are such numbers of young Gentlemen attend the study of the Law that in this point they are no way inferiour to Angiers Caen or Orleans as 23 Sir John Fortescue J. Fortescue in his little Treatise of the Laws of England has told us Those four principal ones I mention'd Formerly call'd The New-Temple The Old-Temple where now Southamton house is in Holborn-Templâ—rs are the Inner-Temple the Middle-Temple Grays-Inn and Lincolns-Inn The two first are in the place where formerly in the reign of Henry 2. Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem consecrated a Church for the Knights Templars which was built after the model of the Temple near our Saviour's Sepulchre at Jerusalem For 24 At their first institution about A. D. 1113. there they liv'd in that part of the Temple next the Sepulchre and from it had their name being under a vow to protect the Christian Religion 25 The Holy Land and such as came in pilgrimage to the Sepulchre of our Lord against the Mahometans 26 Professing to live in Chastity and Obedience By which
as unfortunate as could be Catharine of Spain and Mary Queen of Scots lye interr'd finding rest here from all their miseries g 〈◊〉 Penns Beneath Peterborow the Nen by this time remov'd about five and forty miles from its Spring-head and carrying along with it in its chanel all the little streams and land-floods occasion'd by rain divides it self into several branches And by this means finding no certain course for its stream diffuses its waters all abroad the plain Country and overflows it far and near in the winter nay and sometimes the greater part of the year so that it seems to be a vast level Ocean with here and there an Island bearing up and appearing above the surface of the waters The cause the neighbouring people alledge to be this that of the three chanels in which such a vast deal of waters was us'd to be convey'd the first that went to the Ocean by Thorney Abby and thence aside by Clowscross and Crow-land the second also by the cut made by Morton Bishop of Ely call'd the New Leame and then by Wisbich have a long time been neglected and upon this account that the third which bends its course down by Horsey-bridge Wittles-mere Ramsey-mere and Salters-load is not able to receive so much water so that it breaks out with more violence upon the adjoyning Flats And the Country complains of the injury done them as well by those who have neglected the keeping open and clearing the chanels as by others that have diverted the water to their private uses and as the Reatines in Tacitus they say That Nature her self hath well provided for man's use in giving all rivers their issues and courses and their endings as well as their springs But of this enough if not too much In this place the County is narrowest for between the Nen and the river Welland one of the boundaries on the North-side it is scarce five miles over Upon the Welland which Ethelwerd an ancient Writer calls c The Saxon-Annals p. 109. call it Weolud and Florence of Worcester Welund Weolod near its spring stands Braibrooke Castle B. brooke Lords of B. brooke built by Robert May alià s de Braibrok a great favourite of King John's whose son Henry having married Christiana Ledet an heiress of a great estate his eldest son took the sirname of Ledet From one of whose grand daughters by his son as I said before it fell to the Latimers and from them to the Griffins who now enjoy it h Hard by amongst the woods I saw some few remains of a Monastery call'd anciently De Divisis now Pipwell Pâ—pwell founded by William Buttevillein for Cistercian Monks in the reign of Henry the second From thence we have a sight of Rockingham a Castle sometime of the Earls of Albemarle built by King William the Conquerour at which time it was a Waste as we find in Domesday-book Domesday-book fortified with rampires bulwarks and a double range of battlements seated upon the side of an hill in a woody forest thereupon named Rockingham Forest i It runs next by Heringworth the seat formerly of the * De Cantempo Cantlows and now of the Lords Zouch who fetch their original from Eudo a younger son of Alan de la Zouch Lords Zouch of Ashby and have grown up to an honourable family of Barons having been much enobled by matches with one of the heirs of Cantlow and also with another of Baron †De Sancto Mauro Seymour who likewise drew his pedigree from the heir of the Lord Zouch of Ashby and the Lovels Lords of Castle-Cary in Somersetshire k Here also in this Forest I saw Deane belonging anciently to the Deanes afterwards to the Tindals which is worth mentioning if it were but for its being at present a pleasant seat of the Brudenels of which Family Sir Edmund Brudenel Kt. lately deceased was a great lover and admirer of venerable antiquity The family likewise of Engain Barons of Engain which was both ancient and honourable had their seat hard by at Blatherwic where now live the House of Staffords Knights descended from Ralph the first Earl of Stafford and converted their Castle named Hymel into a Monastery call'd Finisheved Their Issue-male fail'd about 200 years ago but of the daughters the eldest was married to Sir John Goldington the second to Sir Lawrence Pabenham and the third to Sir William Bernack Knights of great worth and honour Here also we see Apthorp d It is now the possession of the right honourable the Earl of Westmorland the seat of that worthy Knight Sir Anthony Mildemay whose father Walter Mildemay late Privy Councellor to Queen Elizabeth for his virtue wisdom piety favour to learning and learned men shown by founding Emanuel-College in Cambridg hath worthily deserv'd to be registred among the best men of this age In the neighbourhood stands Thornhaugh Thornhaugh belonging formerly to the family of ‖ De Sancto Medardo Semarc and now to the right honourable William Russel son of Francis Earl of Bedford descended of the same family of Semarc whom King James for his virtues and faithful service in Ireland while he was Lord Deputy there advanced to the dignity of Baron Russel of Thornhaugh Neither is the little Town of Welledon Welledon Bassets of Welledon to be past by considering that anciently it went for a Barony which by Maud daughter and heir of Geoffrey de Ridell who was drown'd with King Henry the first 's son descended to Richard Basset Lord Chief Justice of England in whose race it continued till K. Henry the fourth's time when Male-issue failing it fell by the females to the Knevetts and Alesburies From Heringworth the Welland visits Colliweston where the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond King Henry the seventh's mother built a fine house Beneath Colliweston the neighbouring inhabitants dig great store of Slates Slates for covering Houses for building From hence Wittering-heath a plain runs out a long way Eastward upon which the Inhabitants tell you the Danes receiv'd a memorable overthrow And now Welland arrives at Burghley a most beautiful seat from which that singularly wise and honourable Councellor Sir William Cecil Lord high Treasurer of England the great support of this Nation receiv'd the title of Baron Burghley Burghley Baron Burghley at the hands of Queen Elizabeth This house he adorn'd with the lustre of his own virtues and beautify'd with magnificent buildings laying to it a large Park for that †Parcus word Varro uses encompass'd with a Stone-wall of great circumference l Below this at Berneck lye the old Stone Quarries out of which the Abbies of Peterborow and Ramsey were built Here to use the very words of the History of Ramsey The toiling strength of the Quarriers is often exercis'd yet still there remains work whereon to employ them resting and refreshing them now and then by a cessation And we read in King Edward the
Catsfoot On Bernake heath not far from Stamford Pulsatilla Anglica purpurea Park parad flore clauso caeruleo J. B. Common Pasque-flower On the same heath in great plenty See the Synonymes in Cambridgeshire Millefolium palustre flore luteo galericulato Hooded Water-Milfoil In the ditches by the rivers-side as you go from Peterborough to Thorp LEICESTERSHIRE NORTH of Northamptonshire lies the County of Leicester In the Survey-Book which William the Norman made of England it is call'd Ledecesterscyre but now commonly Leicestershire It is all a champain country rich in corn and grain but the greatest part of it deficient in woods It is encompass'd on the east with Rutland and Lincolnshire on the north with Nottingham and Derbyshire on the west with Warwickshire from which it is parted by the Military-way of the old Romans call'd Watlingstreet which runs along the west skirts of this County and on the south as I observ'd before it is limited by Northamptonshire The river Soar passeth through the middle of this County to the Trent but in the east parts there gently runs a small stream call'd the Wreke which at last falls into the Soar On the South-side where the County is bounded on one hand with the river Avon the less and on the other with the Welland nothing worthy of note presents it self unless it be near the head and first rising of the Welland the town of Haverburg commonly call'd a Burton's Leicestershire p. 127. Harborrow Harborrow famous for its Fair for Cattle and not far distant from thence b Ibid. p. 67. Carleton Carleton Curleu that is the town of Husbandmen I know not whether it be worth relating but most of the natives of this town either from some peculiar quality of the soil or water or other unknown cause in nature have a harsh and ungrateful manner of speech with a guttural and difficult pronunciation and a strange * Rhotacismus wharling in the utterance of their words a Watling-street The Roman way before-mention'd whose cawsey being in other places worn away here shews it self very plainly runs north almost in a direct line along the west-side of this County You may perhaps laugh at my expensive diligence as vainly curious but I have follow'd the tract of this way very intently from the Thames into Wales for the discovery of places of Antiquity b nor could I expect to meet with any other more faithful guide 1 For the finding out of those said Towns which Antonine the Emperour specifieth in his Itinerary for that purpose This Way having past Dowbridge where it leaves Northamptonshire is first interrupted by the river Swift which is but a slow stream tho' the name imports the contrary but to that it answers only in the winter-time The bridge over which this road was heretofore continu'd they call Bransford-bridge and Bensford it was a long time broken down and that occasion'd this famous way to be for many years little frequented but now it is repair'd at the charge of the publick Adjoyning on the one hand westward lyes Cester-Over Cester-over but in Warwickshire a place worthy of note were it only for the Lord thereof Sir c He was created a Baron of this kingdom in the 18th year of King James 1. by the title of Lord Brook of Beauchamp's Court in the County of Warwick Fulk Grevill Kt. a person of extraordinary merit and yet the name speaks it a place of antiquity for our Ancestors never gave the name of Cester but only to ancient Cities or Castles On the other hand eastward on this side of Swift 2 Which springeth near Knaptoft the seat of the Turpins a knightly house descended from an heir of the Gobions lyes Misterton belonging to the famous and ancient family of the Poultneys 3 Who took that name of Poulteney a place now decay'd within the said Lordship and beyond the river Lutterworth a small market-town formerly as report says the possession of the Verdons 4 Which only sheweth a fair Church which hath been encreas'd by the Feldings of Knights Degree and ancient Gentry in this Shire A petrifying well Near which is a spring of water so very cold that in a little time it converts straws and sticks into stone Rector of this Church heretofore was the famous John Wickliff John Wickliff dy'd 1387. a man of a close subtil wit and very well verst in the sacred Scriptures who having sharpen'd his pen against the Pope's authority and the Roman Church 5 And Religious men was not only grievously persecuted in his life time but one and forty years after his death by command of the Council of Sienna his body was in a barbarous manner taken out of his grave and burnt From Bensford-bridge the Old-way goes up to High-cross so call'd because formerly a cross was erected in that high place instead of which there is now a high post set up with props to support it The neighbouring Inhabitants told me that the two principal ways of England did here cross and that in this place stood once a most flourishing city call d Cley-cester Cleycester which had a Senate of it 's own and that Cley-brook Cleybrook near a mile distant from hence was part of the old Cleycester They say also that on both sides of this way great foundations of squar'd-stone have been discover'd under ground and Roman coins frequently cast up by the plow However above ground as the Poet says Etiam ipsae periere ruinae The very ruins are decay'd and lost These things consider'd with its distance from Banaventa or Wedon which agrees exactly and that bridge call'd Bensford are inducements to believe that the Bennones Bennones or Venones which mansion Antoninus places next after Bannaventa were seated here And the rather because Antoninus tells us that the way here parted into two branches which also is the vulgar observation For North-east-ward the Fosse-way leads to Lincoln by Ratae and Vernometum of which places more hereafter and to the North-west Watlingstreet goes directly into Wales by Manvessedum of which in its proper place when I come to Warwickshire c More above on the side of the foresaid way stands Hinckley Hinckley formerly belonging to the Lord Hugh Grant-maisnill 6 A Norman High-steward or Seneschal of England in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry 1. He had two daughters Petronilla or Parnel marry'd to Robert Blanchemaines so call'd from the whiteness of his hands Earl of Leicester with whom he had the Stewardship of England and Alice married to Roger Bigot At the East-end of this Church are to be seen trenches and rampires cast up to a great height which the Inhabitants say was Hugh's-castle Three miles from hence lyes Bosworth Bosworth an ancient market-town d For distinction from another of the same name in the Hundred of Gartery it is call'd commonly Market-Bosworth Burton p. 47. which liberty
Throw in a cloth you 'll see it straight ascend For all 's bore upward by the conqu'ring wind But all that 's remarkable in this high and rough little country a certain person has endeavour'd to comprise in these f Hobbs has comprehended the seven wonders in one verse Aedes mons barathrum binus fons antraque binà four verses Mira alto Pecco tria sunt barathrum specus antrum Commoda tot plumbum gramen ovile pecus Tot speciosa simul sunt Castrum Balnea Chatsworth Plura sed occurrunt quae speciosa minus Nine things that please us at the Peak we see A Cave a Den and Hole the wonders be Lead Sheep and Pasture are the useful three Chatworth the Castle and the Bath delight Much more you 'll find but nothing worth your sight 7 To these wonders may be added a wonderful Well in the Peake-forest not far from Buxtons which ordinarily ebbeth and floweth four times in the space of one hour or thereabouts keeping his just tides and I know not whether Tideswell a market town hereby hath his name thereof Hol. As to what he says of the justness of the tides there is no such thing for sometimes it does not flow once in two days and sometimes it flows twice in an hour Those of the Peverels who as I have said before were Lords of Nottingham Lords aâ—â— Earls of Derby are also reported to have been Lords of Derby Afterwards King Rich. 1. gave and confirm'd to his brother John Simeon Dunchâ—â—â—sis Horeden Mat. Par. 204. the County and Castle of Nottingham Lancaster Derby c. with the Honours belonging to them and the Honour also of Peverel After him those of the family of the Ferrars as for as I can gather from the Registers of Tutbury Merivall and Burton Monasteries were Earls William de Ferrariis born of the daughter and heir of Peverel whom King John as it is in an ancient Charter An ancieâ—â— Charter 1 Joan. ‖ Cinrit c. created Earl of Derby with his own hands William his son 8 Who being bruis'd with a fall out of his coach dy'd in the year 1254. and Robert the son of this William who in the Civil wars was so stripp'd of this dignity that none of his posterity tho' they liv'd in great state were ever restor'd to their full honours Many possessions of this Robert were given by King Henry 3. to his younger son Edmund and King Edward 3. so says the original record by Act of Parliament gave Henry of Lancaster the son of Henry Earl of Lancaster the Earldom of Derby to him and his heirs and likewise assign'd him 1000 marks yearly during the life of Henry Earl of Lancaster his father From that time this title continued in the family of Lancaster till King Henry 7. bestow'd it upon Thomas Stanley who had not long before marry'd Margaret the King's mother 9 To him and his heirs males He had for his successor his grandson Thomas begotten by George his son on the body of Joan the heiress of the Lord Strange of Knocking This same Thomas had by the sister of George Earl of Huntingdon Edward the third Earl of this family highly commended for his courteousness and hospitality who of the Lady Dorothy daughter to the first Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk begat Henry the fourth Earl who soon obtain'd very honourable employments and left by the Lady Margaret daughter of Henry Earl of Cumberland Ferdinand and William successively Earls of Derby Ferdinand dy'd after a strange manner in the flower of his youth leaving by Margaret her right name is Alice his wife daughter of Sir John Spenser of Althorp three daughters viz. Anne marry'd to Grey Bruges Lord Chandos Frances espous'd to Sir John Egerton and Elizabeth the wife of Henry Earl of Huntingdon William the sixth Earl now enjoyeth the honour and hath issue by Elizabeth daughter to Edward late Earl of Oxford and now William g See an account of this family in Lancashire under the title Ormeskirke the sixth Earl of Derby of this family a man of great worth and honour enjoys that dignity Thus far of the Counties of Nottingâ—â—â— and Derby partly inhabited by those who in Bede 's time were call'd Mercii Aquilonares The Noâ—thern â—â—cians because they dwelt beyond the Trent northward and possest as he says the land of seven thousand families This County includes 106 Parishes ADDITIONS to DERBYSHIRE a IN the more southerly part of this County upon the river Trent is Repton Repton where Matilda wife to Ralph Earl of Chester founded a Priory of Canons Regular of the Order of St. Austin in the year 1172. And since the dissolution Sir John Port of Etwall in this County by his last Will order'd a Free-school to be erected appointing certain lands in the Counties of Derby and Lancaster for the maintenance of this and an Hospital at Etwall both which are still in a prosperous condition b The Trent running forward receives the river Derwent and upon it stands Derby Derby which had not this name by an abbreviation of Derwent and the addition of by as our Author imagines but plainly from being a shelter for deer which is imply'd in the true name of it Deoraby And what farther confirms it is that 't was formerly a park and in the arms of the town to this day is a buck couchant in a park Which joyn'd to the Lodge-lane still the name of a passage into the Nuns-green as they put the original of it out of all doubt so do they evidently shew the ancient condition of the place When the town was built does not appear but its privileges and ancient charters argue it to be of good antiquity It is exempted from paying toll in London or any other place except Winchester and some few other towns and is a staple-town for wool a very ancient manufacture of this Kingdom There was formerly in it a Chapel dedicated to St. James near which in digging some cellars and foundations of houses bones of a great size have been found And on the north-side of St. James's lane within the compass of ground where the Chapel stood a large stone was made bare which being gently remov'd there appear'd a stone-coffin with a very prodigious corps in it but this upon the first motion of the stone turn'd into dust The Coffin was so cut as to have a round place made for the head wide about the shoulders and so narrower down to the feet On the south-east corner of the town stood formerly a castle tho' there have been no remains of it within the memory of man But that there was one appears from the name of the hill call'd Cow-castle-hill and the street that leads west to St. Peter's Church in ancient Deeds bearing the name of Castle-gate In Allhallows Church there is a monument for one Richard Crashaw of London Esquire who dy'd the 20th of June An.
Gaul were built either by Duke Medus or Prince Olanus or that whilst it was building Sus mediatim lanata a Sow half clad with wooll was dug up should I not seem to grasp at clouds and trifles And yet the Italians tell all these stories of their Mediolanum But seeing it is most evident that all these were founded by people who spoke the same language for we have shewn already that the Gauls and Britains used one common tongue it seems highly probable that they had their denomination from one and the same original Now our Mediolanum agrees in nothing with that of Italy but that each of them are seated in a Plain between two rivers and a learned Italian has from thence derived the name of his Mediolanum for that it is seated media inter lanas Lana 〈◊〉 it signâ—â—â—â— which he interprets betwixt Brooks or small Rivers e 4 But this may seem over-much of Mediolanum which I have sought here and about Alcester not far off This County has dignified no Earl with its name and title till very lately An. 1605. King James created at Greenwich Philip Herbert a younger son of Henry Earl of Penbroke by Mary Sydney at one and the same time Baron Herbert of Shurland and Earl of Montgomery Earls of Montgomery as a particular mark of his favour and for the great hopes he conceiv'd of his virtuous qualifications The Princes of Powis Princes of Powys descended from Roderic the Great †Froâ— Bledhyn 〈◊〉 Kynvyâ— Powel 〈◊〉 Lords of Powys possess'd this County with some others in a continued series till the time of Edward the second For then Owen the son of Grufydh ap Givenŵynwyn the last Lord of Powys of British Extraction for the title of Prince was discontinued long before left only one daughter call'd Hawis D. Powâ—â— who was married to 5 Sir John John Charlton an English-man the King's Valect and he thereupon created Earl of Powys by King Edward the second His Arms as I have observed in several places were Or a Lion rampant Gules 6 Which he receiv'd from his wife's Progenitors He was succeeded in this title by four Barons until the male-line became extinct in Edward who by Aeleanora daughter and one of the heiresses of Thomas Holland Earl of Kent had two daughters viz. Jane married to Sir John Grey and Joyce the wife of John Lord Tiptoft from whom descended the Barons Dudley and others Dupli Norm 6 Hen. 5. This Sir John Grey by his own martial valour and the munificence of King Henry the fifth receiv'd the Earldom of Tanquervil Earl of Tanquerâ—â—â— in Normandy to him and his heirs male delivering one Bassinet at the Castle of Roan yearly on St. George's day His son was Henry Lord Powys in whose Family the title of Powys continued honourable to Edward Grey who not long before our time died without lawful issue f There are in this County 47 Parishes ADDITIONS to MONTGOMERYSHIRE a KEvn Kaer Kevn Kaer tho' it be here mention'd lyes in the County of Meirionydh concerning which a Gentleman who has liv'd there many years adds this farther account The main Fort which was on the highest part of the hill was built quadrangularly and encompass'd with a strong wall and a broad ditch of an oval form excepting that towards the valley 't was extended in a direct line On the out-side of the great ditch next the river Dyvi the foundations of many Houses have been discover'd and on a lower Mount there stood a small Fort which may be supposed to have been built of bricks for that they find there plenty of them All the out-walls were built of a rough hard stone which must have been carried thither by water there being none such nearer than Tâl y Ganeg distant from this place about seven miles From the Fort to the water-side there 's a broad hard way of pitch'd pebles and other stones continued in a straight line through meadows and marsh-grounds which may be about two hundred yards long and ten or twelve in breadth It is very evident this Fort hath been demolish'd before the building of the Church of Penalht for that we find in the walls of that Church several bricks mixt with the stones which were doubtless brought thither from this place Roman Coyns have been found here since Mr. Camden's time particularly some silver pieces of Augustus and Tiberius and near the main Fort in a field call'd Kâe Lhŵyn y Neuodh i.e. the Court or Palace-grove a small gold chain was found about four inches long and another time a Saphire-stone neatly cut Some other things of less note have been discover'd in the same place as a very large brass Cauldron used since as a brewing vessel at Kae'r Berlhan several pieces of lead and some very odd Glasses of a round form like hoops which were of several sizes some of them being about twenty inches in circumference others much less c. These hoop-glasses were curiously listed of divers colours some of which being broke 't was observ'd that variety proceeded from Sands or Powders of the same colours inclosed in several Cells within the Glass b Kaer Sŵs â—â—er Sws was anciently a town of considerable note as may be concluded from the street there and the lanes about it I cannot learn that any Roman coyns have been discover'd at this place however that it was of Roman foundation seems highly probable for that there have been lately besides some neat hewn stones for building several bricks dug up there of that kind we frequently meet with in such ancient Cities as were possess'd by the Romans It has had a Castle and at least one Church and is said to have been heretofore the seat of the Lords of Arwystli but how far this town extended seems at present altogether uncertain It has had encampments about it at three several places viz. First on the North-side on a Mountain call'd Gwyn-vynydh Secondly Eastward near a place call'd Rhôs dhiarbed in the parish of Lhan Dhinam where besides entrenchments there 's a very large Mount or Barrow And thirdly at a place call'd Kevn Karnedh about a quarter of a mile on the West-side of the town Moreover about half a mile Southward from this Kevn Kardnedh on the top of a hill above Lhan Dhinam Church there 's a remarkable entrenchment call'd y Gaer Vechan which name may signifie either the lesser City or the lesser Fortification but is here doubtless put for the latter c The stones on the top of Corndon-hill â—â—rndon-â—â—â—â— whence 〈◊〉 call'd are no other than four such rude heaps as are commonly known on the Mountains of Wales by the name of Karneu and Karnedheu whereof the Reader may find some general account in Radnorshire And to me it seems very probable seeing these stones can in no respect be compar'd to a Crown that the name of Corndon is derived from this word Karn the singular of
excellent Library which Alcuin tells us was founded by his Master Archbishop Egelred The Monastery did not lye long till it rose again but the Cathedral lay neglected till Edw. 1.'s time and then it was begun by John Roman Treasurer of this Church and brought to that stately pitch we now see it of by his son John William Melton and John Thoresby all Archbishops nn together with the contributions of the Gentry thereabouts especially of the Percies and the Vavasors as the Arms of those families in the Church and their portraictures in the gate do shew The Percies are cut out with a piece of timber and the Vavasors with a stone in their hands in memory of the one's having contributed stone and the other timber â—â—â—ent p. p. 〈◊〉 1. to this new fabrick The church as we are told by the Author of the Life of Aeneas Silvius or Pope Pius 2. as he had it from his own mouth is famous for its magnificence and workmanship all the world over and for a lightsome Chapel with shining walls and small thin-wasted pillars quite round This is the beautiful Chapter-house where the following verse is writ in golden Letters Ut Rosa flos florum sic est Domus ista Domorum The chief of Houses as the Rose of flowers About the same time the Citizens began to fortifie themselves with new walls adding many towers for a farther security and made excellent laws for their government King Rich. 2. made it a County incorporate and Rich. 3. began to raise a new Castle in it from the ground That nothing might be wanting in the last age K. Hen. 8. established a Council or Senate here not unlike the Parliaments in France The Council established in the North. who were to judge of all suits arising within these northern parts and to decide them by the rules of right and equity This Court consists of a President and what number of Counsellors the King pleases with a Secretary and under-Officers Our Mathematicians have defined the Longitude of York to be 22 deg and 25 scr the Latitude 54 degr and 10 scr Thus far we have been describing the west part of this County and the City of York which neither belongs to this nor any other part of the Shire but enjoys its own Liberties and a jurisdiction over the neighbourhood on the west-side called the liberty of Ansty Ansty which some derive from Ancienty to denote its antiquity others more plausibly from the German word Anstossen implying a bound or limit I will conclude what I have said of this City with these verses written by J. Jonston of Aberdeen not long since Praesidet extremis Artoae finibus orae Urbs vetus in veteri facta subinde nova Romanis Aquilis quondam Ducibusque superba Quam pòst barbaricae diripuere manus Pictus atrox Scotus Danus Normannus Anglus Fulmina in hanc Martis detonuere sui Post diras rerum clades totque aspera fata Blandius aspirans aura serena subit Londinum caput est regni urbs prima Britanni Eboracum à primâ jure secunda venit O'er the last borders of the Northern land York's ancient towers tho' oft made new command Of Rome's great Princes once the lofty seat Till barbarous foes o'erwhelm'd the sinking state The Picts the Scots Danes Normans Saxons here Discharg'd the loudest thunder of the War But this once ceas'd and every storm o'erblown A happier gale refresh'd the rising town Let London still the just precedence claim York ever shall be proud to be the next in fame The Ouse being past York begins to be disturb'd with eddies or that whirl of waters which we call Higra and so marches by Bishops-Thorp Bishops-Thorpe that is the Bishop's Village formerly called S. Andrew's Thorpe till Walter Grey Archbishop of York purchased it and to bilk the King's Officers who are always ready to seise the Temporalities of Bishops when a See is vacant gave it to the Dean and Chapter of York upon condition they should always yield it to his successors Of whom Richard le Scrope Arch-bishop of York a hot man and still hankering after novelty and change was in this very place condemned of high treason by King Henry the fourth for his seditious practices oo Upon the same river stands Cawood Cawood the castle of the Archbishops which King Athelstan gave to the Church as I have been told Over against it on the other side the river is seated Rical where Harold Haardread arrived with a numerous fleet of the Danes From hence the Ouse runs to Selby a pretty populous little town and remarkable for Henry the first 's being born in it Here William the first his father built a Church in memory of St. German who quash'd the Pelagian Heresie notwithstanding like a Hydra it had frequently revived and struggl'd for life here in Britain The Abbots of this and of St. Maries at York were the only Abbots of these northern parts that could sit in Parliament pp At last the Ouse runs directly to the Humber 14 Leaving first Escricke a seat of the Lascelles sometimes to be remember'd for that K. James advanced Sir Thomas Knivet the owner therâ—of Lord Knivet to the honour of Baron Knivet of Escricke in the year 1607. passing in it's way by Drax Dâ—ax a little village formerly famous for a Monastery 15 Founded there by Sir William Painell where Philip de Tollevilla William Newbrigensis is my Author had a castle strongly situated in the midst of rivers woods and marshes and defended it against K. Stephen relying on the courage of his men and the great store of arms and provisions in the place however it was soon reduced into the King's power qq ADDITIONS to the West-riding of YORKSHIRE YORKSHIRE without any angular advantages extends into a square of fourscore and ten miles * 〈…〉 p. â—74 adequate in all its dimensions to the Dukedom of Wâ—rtenberg in Germany a Following the river Don we first come to Wortley Wortlâ—y the Issue-male of the family of which name expir'd in Sir Francis Wortley †Sid. Reports 315. who devis'd the greatest part of his estate to Anne Newcomen supposed to be his natural daughter the present wife of the Honourable Sidney Wortley Esq ‖ Dugd. Bar. 2 Vol. p. 445 second son of Edward Mountague Earl of Sandwich slain in the Dutch wars 28 May 1672. who in right of his said wife is Lord of Wortley b Not far from hence is Wentworth Wâ—ntworth Of the family of that name and place was the Right Honourable Thomas Viscount Wentworth Lord Lieutenant of Ireland created Earl of Strafford 15 Car. 1. and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter who being beheaded on Tower-hill 12 May 1641. lyeth here interr'd and was succeeded in his Honours by his son William the present E. of Strafford and Knight of the said noble Order c The Don carries us next to
for their great bulk and branchy heads are very remarkable and extraordinary The river Ure which we have often mention'd has its rise here out of the western mountains and first runs through the middle of the vale Wentsedale Wentsedale which is sufficiently stock'd with cattel and has a great deal of lead in some places Not far from the first spring while it is yet but small 't is encreased by the little river Baint from the south which issues from the pool Semur with a great murmur At the confluence of these two streams where some few cottages call'd from the first bridge over the Ure Baintbrig was formerly a Roman garison Bracchium of which some remains are yet extant For upon the hill which from a burrough they now call Burgh there are the groundworks of an old fortification about five acres in compass and under it to the east the signs of many houses are yet apparent Where among several proofs of Roman Antiquity I have seen this fragment of an old Inscription in a very fair character with a winged Victory supporting it IMP. CAES. L. SEPTIMIO PIO PERTINACI AVGV IMP CAESARI M. AVRELIO A PIO FELICI AVGVSTO The name o◠〈…〉 eras'd BRACCHIO CAEMENTICIVM VI NERVIORVM SVB CVRA LA SENECION AMPLISSIMI OPERI L. VI SPIVS PRAE LEGIO From which we may conjecture that this fort at Burgh was formerly called Bracchium which before had been made of turf but then was built with stone and mortar that the sixth Cohort of the Nervii garison'd here who also seem to have had a Summer Camp upon that high hill trenched round which is hard by and is now called Ethelbury It is not long since a Statue of Aurelius Commodus the Emperour was dug up here Statue of Commodus the Emperour who as Lampridius has it was stil'd by his flatterers Britannicus even when the Britains were for chusing another against him This Statue seems to have been set up when through an extravagant esteem of himself he arriv'd to that pitch of folly that he commanded every one to call him The Roman Hercules son of Jupiter For it is formed in the habit of Hercules his right-hand armed with a club and under it as I am inform'd was this broken and imperfect Inscription which had been ill copied and was quite decay'd before I came hither CAESARI AVGVSTO MARCI AVRELII FILIO SEN IONIS AMPLISSIMI VENTS _____ PIVS This was extant in Nappa Nappâ— a house built with turrets and the chief seat of the Medcalfs The 〈…〉 which is counted the most numerous family this day in England For I have heard that Sir Christopher Medcalf Knight the chief of the family being lately Sheriff of the County was attended with 300 Knights all of this family and name and in the same habit to receive the Justices of the Assize and conduct them to York From hence the Ure runs very swiftly with abundance of Crey-fishes Crey-â— ever since C. Medcalf within the memory of this age brought that sort of fish hither from the south parts of England l and between two rocks from which the place is called Att-scarre it violently rolls down its chanel not far from Bolton Bolton the ancient seat of the Barons de Scrope Barons 〈◊〉 Scrâ—pâ— and a stately castle which Richard Lord le Scrope Chancellour of England in Richard the second 's time built at very great charge Now taking its course eastward it comes to the town of Midelham Midâ—ehâ—â— the Honour of which as we read in the Genealogy of the Nevils Alan Earl of Richmond gave to his younger brother * By 〈◊〉 Ribaa Rinebald with all the lands which before their coming belonged to Gilpatrick the Dane His grandchild by his son Ralph Lords of Midâ—ehâ—â— called Robert Fitz-Ralph had all Wentsedale bestowed on him by Conanus Earl of Bretagne and Richmond and built a very strong castle at Midleham Ranulph his son built a small Monastery for Canons at Coverham now contractedly called Corham in Coverdale Genealâ—â—â— antiquâ—â—â— and his son Ralph had a daughter Mary who being married to Robert Lord Nevill brought this large estate for a portion to the family of the Nevils This Robert Nevill having had many children by his wife was taken in adultery unknown and had his privy members cut off by the adulteress's husband in revenge which threw him into such excessive grief that he soon dy'd From hence the Ure having pass'd a few miles washes Jervis or Jorvalle-Abbey 1 Of Cistertians founded first at Fo rs add after translated hither by Stephen Earl of Britain and Richmond which is now decay'd then runs by Masham Mashaâ— which belonged to the Scropes of Masham who as they are descended from the Scropes of Bolton fo are they again grafted into the same by marriage On the other side of this river but more inward stands Snath Snath the chief seat of the Barons de Latimer whose noble extraction is from G. Nevill younger son of Ralph Nevill first Earl of Westmorland who had this honourable title conferr'd on him by K. Henry the sixth of that name when the elder family of the Latimers had ended in a female Barons Latimeâ— and so in a continu'd succession they have flourished till our time when for want of heirs-male to the last Baron this brave inheritance was parted among his daughters who were married into the families of the Percies the Cecils the D'anvers and Cornwallis There is no other place in these parts remarkable upon the Ure but Tanfeld Tanfeâ—â— formerly the seat of the Gernegans Knights from these it descended to the Marmions Marmâ—â—â— lâ— q. 6. â— the last of these left Amice his heir the second wife of John Lord Grey of Rotherfeld whose two children taking the name of Marmion were heirs to their mother 2 John that assum'd the sirname of Marmion and dy'd issueless and Robert who left behind him one only daughter and sole heir Elizabeth wife to Sir Henry Fitz-Hâ—gh a nâ—ble Baron and one of them left an only daughter and heiress Elizabeth the wife of Fitz-Hugh a famous Baron The Ure now receives the Swale Swalâ— sacred â—â—ver so called as Thom. Spott has it from its swiftness which enters it with a great leaping and hurry of waters This also rises out of the western mountains hardly five miles above the head of the river Ure and runs to the eastward It was very sacred among the ancient English because when the Saxons were first converted to Christianity there were baptiz'd in it on one day with great joy by Paulinus Archbishop of York above ten thousand men besides women and children The course of the Swale lies through a pretty large vale which is called Swaldale from it and has grass enough but wants wood and first by Marricke â—â—rricke where stood a Cloister built by the Askes men of great note heretofore
they be original productions of Nature or petrify'd Shell-fishes of the Nautilus kind has been very much controverted by several Learned men on both sides But he is of opinion that they are rather spiral petrifications produc'd in the Earth by a sort of fermentation peculiar to Alum-mines Hence they are plentifully found in the Alum-pits at Rome Rochel and Lunenburgh as well as in those of this Country and 't is probale that Keinsham and other parts of England where these stones are found would afford likewise good store of Alum But a fuller account of those Alums than hitherto we have had is to be hop'd for from Mr. Lhwyd Mr. Beaumont and Mr. Woodward The particular method of making it in this place is fully describ'd by Mr. Ray in his †Pag. 201. Collection of English words d For the Synod held here our Author had no less authority than the ‖ Lib. 3. Capp 25. 26. Ecclesiastical History of Venerable Bede but yet neither King Alfred's Paraphrase nor the Saxon Chronicle mentioning any such thing makes it a little suspicious And that the whole matter is really a Fable is prov'd by Mr. Nicholson in his * Part IV. in Episc Lindifarn History of the Kingdom of Northumberland which will shortly be printed This Whitby hath a very fair and commodious Haven There are about sixty Ships of 80 Tuns or more belonging to the Town e Since Mr. Camden's time Moulgrave Moulgrave in this Riding hath given the honourable title of Earl to Edmund Lord Sheffields of Butterwick Lord President of the North and created Earl of this place Febr. 7. in the first year of Charles 1. He was succeeded by Edmund his grandchild by Sir John Sheffields his second son to which Edmund John his son and heir succeeded in this honour f All along these shores Mr. Ray observ'd the people very busie in making of Kelp which they do in this manner They gather the Sea-wrack and lay it on heaps and when 't is dry they burn it While it is burning they stir it to and fro with an Iron-rake so it condenses and cakes together into such a body as we see Kelp to be and is of use in making of Alum If they should not stir it it would burn to ashes as other combustible bodies use to do g The neighbouring tract call'd Cliveland Cliveland has since our Author's time given the title of Earl to Thomas Lord Wentworth created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. who dy'd without issue In the 22th year of Charles the second the title of Dutchess of Cliveland during life was conferr'd upon Barbara Villiers daughter to the Lord Viscount Grandison One could hardly imagine how this name should be taken from Cliffs when Travellers have observ'd it to be a perfect plain particularly by a prospect from Roseberry-Toppin The Soil is exceeding clayie which has occasion'd this Proverb Cliveland in the clay Bring in two soles and carry one away h The Abbey-Church of Gisburgh Gisburgh seems by the ruins to have been comparable to the best Cathedrals in England The Inhabitants of this place are observ'd by Travellers to be very civil and well bred cleanly in dressing their diet and very decent and neat in their houses Here are two Alum-works one belonging to the Chaloners the other to the Darcies but were both laid aside some years ago Possibly Whitby lying more conveniently and having plenty of the Mine at hand may have got the trade from them i Since Mr. Camden's time Danby Danby hath afforded the title of Earl to Henry Lord Danvers of Dantsey created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. but he dy'd without issue in the year 1643. In 1674. June 27. this title was conferr'd upon Thomas Oâ—born created before Baron of Kiveton and Viscount Latimer since advanc'd to the dignity of Marquiss of Carmarthen and lately created Duke of Leeds Continuation of the DUKES As James 1. created Charles his second son Duke of York so Charles succeeding his father in the Throne declared his second son James afterwards King James 2. Duke of the same place whereupon at his birth he receiv'd that title but was not created till the 27th of Jan. 1643. being the 19th year of his father's reign Cockle-stones k As to the stones like Cockles mention'd by our Author in Richmondshire Mr. Nicholson affirms he could never hear of any that were met with lying single and dispers'd but that plenty of them as well here as in other places of the North are found in firm rocks and beds of Lime-stone sometimes at six or eight fathom within ground Whence the Miners call them Run-Limestone they supposing these figures to be produc'd by a more than ordinary heat and quicker fermentation than they allow to the production of the other parts of the quarry And this perhaps is as rational an account of these Sports of Nature as any that our Modern Virtuosi have hitherto pitch'd upon l Sir Christopher Medcalf might have had a stock of Crey-fish Crey-fish nearer home for in the County of Westmorland the rivers Kent Lowther and others are plentifully stockt with them m Tho' the name of the old Caturactonium be left in Catarick yet are the remains of it met with about three flight-shots from the bridge at a farm-house call'd Thornburgh standing upon a high ground where as well as at Brampton upon Swale on the other side of the river they have found Roman Coins Upon the bank of the river which here is very steep there are foundations of some great walls more like a castle than any private building and the large prospect makes it very convenient for a Frontier-garison It is credibly reported that almost a hundred years ago these walls were dug into out of hopes of finding some treasure and that the work-men at last came to a pair of Iron gates Overjoy'd at this and thinking their business done they go to refresh themselves but before their return a great quantity of hanging ground had fall'n in and the vast labour of removing the rubbish discourag'd them from any further attempt The level plot of ground upon the hill adjoyning to the Farm-house may be about ten acres in several parts whereof Roman Coins have been plow d up one particularly of gold with this Inscription Nero Imp. Caesar and on the Reverse Jupiter Custos Within this compass also they have met with the bases of old Pillaâ—s and a floor of brick with a pipe of lead passing perpendicularly down into the earth which is thought by some to have been a place wheâ—e sacrifice was done to the Infernal Gods and that the blood descended by those pipes Likewise in Sir John Lawson's great grandfather's time to which family the estate came by marriage as the Servants were plowing the Plow-share stuck fast in the ear of a great brass-pot which upon removing the earth they observ'd to be cover'd with flat-stones and upon opening found it as 't is
the river Kent is a spring call'd the Dropping Well that petrifies moss wood leaves c. West from hence lies Witherslack Witherslack in which manour not long since a fair Parochial Chapel was built and endow'd by Dr. John Barwick late Dean of St. Pauls a native of the place consecrated by Dr. Wilkins late Bish of Chester June 22. 1671. and dedicated to S Paul The Charity was so much the greater because of its remoteness from Betham the Parish-Church c Next the river carries us to Kendal Kendal which Queen Elizabeth in the 18th year of her reign incorporated by the name of Aldermen and Burgesses But afterwards in the reign of King James 1. An. Reg. 11. it was incorporated by the name of a Mayor twelve Aldermen and twenty four Burgesses Besides the Lords and Earls since our Author's time it hath also had its Dukes which title it gave first to Charles Stuart third son to James Duke of York afterwards King James 2. declar'd Duke of Kendal in the year 1664. d Not far from hence is Water-Crooke so call'd from a remarkable crooking in the river where upon the east-side of that river is an old square fort the banks and ditches whereof are still visible That it was Roman the discovery of Coins broken Altars and other pieces of Antiquity will not give us leave to make the least scruple of which if our Author had found 't is possible he might have six'd the Concangii rather here than in any other place because in the Notitia it is plac'd as it were in the very middle of the Northern Stations For whereas between York and Derwent it speaks of 14 Stations the Concangii is the 7th and the very next that come after it are Lavatrae Bowes Verterae Brough and Brovoniacum Browham both the two last in this County and the first upon the edge of it e At the Amboglana Amboglana which our Author says might possibly be at Ambleside the Tribunus Coh primae Aeliae Dacorum resided As the name would induce us not to seek it in any other place so would the Antiquities that have been discover'd there both before and since his time perswade us to throw away all scruple in this point But there are two things which stand in our way the first that we are directed by the Notitia to seek it ad Lineam Valli the second that Mr. Camden himself has sixt it at Willyford in Cumberland where without all doubt the Cohors prima Aelia Dacorum had their abode as appears from several Inscriptions that have been found at a little distance on the other side of the river How to reconcile those two opinions and Mr. Camden to himself is the difficulty Perhaps it cannot be done more plausibly than by supposing that this Ambleside might be the chief station or standing-quarters and that the other not Willowford but the Bank end and peâ—haps the bridge there over the river which they wâ—â—e to defend was possibly the Fort assign'd them wâ—en they were call'd out upon extraordinary occasionâ— to defend the Picts-wall For we cannot imagine 〈◊〉 Troops that were quarter'd tâ—eâ—e on purpose to 〈◊〉 the Enemy knew their particular Posts as well 〈◊〉 their place and employments in their Camps and â—ntrenchments And this Post they might possibly enâ—â—gh mark out by Inscriptions and Altars But it will be objected That the Notitia places â—â—â—â—gâ—ana Ad Lineam Valli which yet may be so constru'd as not strictly to imply the Line or Track of the Wall it self but only to signifie the Line of Communication which several Auxiliaries had with those who were quarter'd upon the Picts wall Among other pieces of Antiquity discover'd about this old Work at Ambleside were several Medals of gold silver and copper some of which are in that Collection which Mr. Thomas Brathwate of Amblesâ—de gave by Deed dated 26 Nov. 1674. to the Library of the University of Oxford A little mile north of Ambleside is Ridal-hall Ridal a convenient large ancient house in which Lordship is a very high Mountain call'd Ridall-head from the top whereof one has a large prospect and if the day be clear may see Lancaster-Castle and much farther The Manour anciently belong'd to the Family of Lancaster from whom it descended in the reign of Henry the fourth to the Flemings who have been Lords of it ever since the present owner being Sir Daniel Fleming a great lover of ancient Learning to whom we are particularly oblig'd for several useful Informations in this County and Lancashire f Next we come to the Barony of Westmorland whereof our Author had given a much more just description by calling it an open champain Country of Corn-fields Meadows and Pastures mixt with Woods and as it were hemm'd in by a wall of high Mountains than by saying That it shoots out with many windings and turnings between which there are here and there exceeding deep vallies which very well suits that part he saw of it but is not by any means applicable to the rest The river Lune rising a little above Rissendale runs by Lang-gill where Dr. Barlow late Bishop of Lincoln was born in April 1607. Afterwards receiving the river Birkbeck it runs down by a field call'd Gallaber where there stands a * Bandreth-stone red stone about an ell high with two Crosses cut deep on one side The tradition among the Inhabitants is that formerly it was the Merestone between the English and Scots How true it may be I dare not affirm but only observe that it is about the same distance from Scotland that Rere-cross upon Stane-more is and to what end that was erected Mr. Camden has told us To prevent also the Incursions of that people there is an artificial Mount call'd Castle-haw near Tebay where is a Free-school endow'd by Mr. Adamson born at Rownthwait who was likwise a great Benefactor to Orton-Church and another at Greenholme which two command the two great Roads A little above Rownthwait on the north-side of Jeffrey-mount is a little Spring call'd Goud-sike which continually casts up small silver-like pieces resembling spangles what should be the cause is left to Naturalists to determine This Parish of Orton in the year 1612. purchas'd all the Tithes belonging to the Rectory with the Advowson and Pationage of its Vicaridge for ever For which they paid 570 pounds subscrib'd by the Parishioners Hereabouts they commonly dig up in their wet Mosses such Subterraneous Trees as are met with in some other parts of England g Pendragon-Castle Penâ—â—aâ—â—n Castle was not a heap of great stones in Mr. Camden's time when the walls being four yards in thickness with battlements upon them were standing till the year 1660 that the most noble Lady the Lady Ann Clifford Countess Dowager of Pembroke Dorset and Montgomery repair'd this ancient house of her Ancestors with three more Castles which she had in this County and removing frequently from one to another kept hospitality and
his Uncle the Earl of Arran This John had issue Matthew Earl of Lennox who after many troubles in France and Scotland found fortune more agreeable in England by the favour of K. Henry the 8. when he bestow'd upon him his sister's daughter in marriage with a large estate The issue of this happy match were Henry and Charles Henry by Mary Queen of Scots had James the 6. King of Great Britain James K. of Great Britain born by the propitious favour of heaven at a most lucky juncture to unite in one Imperial Body the British World divided before as well in it self as from the rest of mankind and as we hope and pray to lay a sure foundation of everlasting security for childrens children for ever As for Charles he had issue one only daughter Arabella a Lady that made so great progress in learning above the usual capacity of her sex as led her to true virtue with the highest praise and commendation and made her fit to be compar'd with the Ladies of antient times When Charles was dead after the Earldom of Lennox whereof he stood enfeoffed was by authority of Parliament revoked in the year 579. and his Uncle Robert Bishop of Cathness had bore this title for some time in lieu whereof he had of the King the honour of Earl of March King James conferr'd the title of Duke of Lennox upon Esme Stuart son of John Lord D'Aubigny the second Brother of Matthew Earl of Lennox aforesaid which his son 2 Lodowick Esme Hol. Lodowick or Lewis enjoys at this day For since the reign of Charles the 6. there were of this line Lords of Aubigny Lords of Aubigny in France the said Robert before-named and Bernard or Eberard under Charles the 8. and Lewis the 12. transmitted to posterity by Paulus Jovius with much commendation for his valiant performances in the War of Naples He was a most faithful companion of Henry the 7. when he came for England and used for his Device a Lion * Inter fâ—bulas between buckles with this motto Distantia Jungit because by his means the Kingdom of France and Scotland so far distant Paradinâ—â— were joyned together by a strict league of Friendship As likewise Robert Stewart Lord D'Aubigny of the same family a Marescal of France under Lewis XI who for the same reason us'd the Royal Arms of France with Buckles Or in a Bordure Gules which have been ever since born 3 Quarterly with the Arms of Steward Hol. by the Earls and Dukes of Lennox c STERLING Sheriffdom STerlingshire borders to the North-east upon Lennox so named from its principal Town for the fruitfulness of its soil and the great resort of Gentry outdone by no County in Scotland Here is that narrow neck of Land by which Glotta and Bodotria or to use the language of these times Dunbritton Frith and Edenborough Frith Arms of different seas coming a great way up are kept from joyning Which Julius Agricola who went thus far and farther first observ'd and fortified this streight with Garisons by which means all Britain on this side was then in the Romans possession and their Enemies removed as it were into another Island so that Tacitus was right in his judgment that there was no other bound of Britain to be sought for Neither indeed in after times did either the Valour of their Armies or the Glory of the Roman name which could scarce be stopped push on the limits of their Empire farther in these parts although they harrassed them ever now and then with inrodes But then after this glorious expedition Agricola was recall'd and Britain as Tacitus says lay neglected nor was possession of it kept thus far For the Caledonian Britains drove the Romans back as far as the River Tine insomuch that Hadrian that came into Britain about 40 years after and reformed many things in it made no farther progress but commanded that the God Terminus The God Terminus who was wont to give ground to none should yield to Hadrian and retire backwards out of this place as he had done in the East on this side Euphrates Whence that of St. Augustine The God Terminus Aug. de Civ Dei l. 4. c. 29. which gave not place to Jove yielded to the will of Hadrian yielded to the rashness of Julian yielded to the necessity of Jovian So that Hadrian thought it enough to make a Turf-Wall between the rivers Tine and Esk and 100 miles southward on this side Edenborough-Frith But Antoninus Pius who being adopted by Hadrian bore his name stiled Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius under the conduct of Lollius Urbicus whom he had sent his Lieutenant repelled again the Barbarians to beyond Edenborough Frith and built another Turf-Wall besides that of Hadrian according to Capitolinus To prove which wall to have been made in this very place we are now treating of and not by Severus as commonly believed I will produce no other Witnesses than two antient Inscriptions dug up here one of which is fixed in the wall of a house at Cadir Antoninus Pius's wall and informs us that the Legio Secunda Augusta built the wall for three miles and more the other is in the Earl Marshal's House at Dunotyr which hints that a party of the Legio Vicesima Victrix made it for three miles more But take them here as Servatius Rihelius a Silesian Gentleman who made curious observations upon these Countries copied them out for me IMP. CAESARI T. AELIO HADRI ANO ANTONINO AVG. PIO P. P. VEXILLATIO LEG XX. VAL. VIC F. PER MIL. P. III. IMP CAES. TIT. IO AELIO HADRIANO ANTON AVG. PIO P. P. LEG II. AVG. PER. M. P. III. D. CIXVIS At Cadir where this latter Inscription is extant there is another stone to be seen wherein within a Laurel Garland supported by two little Victories one reads thus LEG II. AVG. FEC And in a Village called Miniabruch this inscription was removed out of a Minister's house into a Gentleman's then in building D. M. C. JVLI MARCELLINI PRAEF COH I. HAMIOR Cohors ma Haorum But when in the Reign of Commodus the barbarous nations had pass'd over the wall and had much harrass'd the country Severus as I have already said repaired the Wall of Hadrian But afterwards the Romans again brought under their subjection all the country lying between For as Ninius has told us Carausius under Dioclesian strengthned this wall anew and fortified it with seven castles Lastly the Romans fenc'd this place in the Reign of Theodosius the younger under the conduct of Gallio of Ravenna Now saith Bede they made a Turf-wall to no purpose building it not so much with stones as with turfs as having no artificer that understood so great a work between two Friths or arms of the sea for many miles together that where the fence of water was wanting there by the help of a wall they might defend their Marches from the enemies
honourable the present Earl a great admirer of Antiquity caused to be gilded †See thâ— Adâ—â—â—ionâ— Somewhat farther from the sea stands Fordon Fordoâ— honoured by John de Fordon born here who with great labour and industry compiled the Scotochronicon t The famous Manuscript hereof is in the Library of S. Leonard's College at St. Andrews Theatr. Scotiae p. 21. and to whose studies the modern Scotch Historians are very much indebted But Fordon was much more honour'd in ancient times by St. Palladius's St. Pâ—â—dius reliques formerly as 't is thought deposited here who in the year 431 was appointed by Pope Caelestine Apostle of the Scots i MARR MARR lies farther up from the sea being a large Mediterranean Countrey and running out about 60 miles in length towards the west where it is broadest it swelleth up in mountains except where the rivers Dee Ptolemie's Diva and the Done open themselves a way and make the champagne very fruitful Upon the bank of the Done stands Kildrummy Kildrummy a great ornament to it the ancient seat of the Earls of Marr. Not far off is the residence of the Barons Forbois Barons Forbois or Forbes of a noble and ancient Stock who took this sirname being before called Bois upon the Heir of the Familie's valiantly killing a huge mighty Boar. But at the very mouth of the river are two towns that give a greater ornament to it which from the said mouth called in British Aber borrowing both of them the same name are divided by a little field that lies between The hithermost of them which stands nearer to Dee's mouth is much ennobled by the honour of a Bishoprick which King David the first translated hither from Murthlake a little village also by the Canons fine houses an Hospital for the Poor and a Free-school built by William Elphingston Bishop of this place in the year 1480 and is called New-Aberdene Nâ—w-â—berdâ— Oâ—â—â—â—dene Sâ—â—â—â— The other beyond it named Old-Aberdene very famous for the Salmon taken there * S 〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â—â—â—â— But J. Johnston a native hereof in these verses describes Aberdene thus ABERDONIA Ad Boream porrecta jugis obsessa superbis Inter connatas eminet una Deas Mitior algentes Phoebus sic temperat auras Non aestum ut rabidum frigora nec metuas Foecundo ditat Neptunus gurgite amnes Piscosi gemmis alter adauget opes Candida mens frons laeta hilaris gratissima tellus Hospitibus morum cultus ubique decens Nobilitas antiqua opibus subnixa vetustis Martiaque invicto pectore corda gerens Justitiae domus studiorum mater honoris Ingenio ars certant artibus ingenia Omnia ei cedunt meritos genitricis honores Pingere non ulla Ars ingeniumve valet ABERDENE With circling cliffs her lofty turrets vie And meet her rival sisters of the sky So gentle Phoebus warms the sharper air Nor cold nor heat's extreams her people fear Great Neptune and his sons for fish renown'd With useful floods enrich the fertile ground In one fair current pretious gems are found True hearts and pleasant looks and friendly cheer And honest breeding never fail you here Old their estates old is their noble blood Brave are their souls and scorn to be subdued Here steddy justice keeps her awful seat Wit strives with art and art contends with wit But my great Mother's worth and matchless praise Nor art nor wit can ever hope t' express It is almost incredible what abundance of Salmon there are as well in these rivers as others in Scotland on both sides of the Kingdom a fish unknown to Pliny unless it was the 〈◊〉 Bede â—â—d our 〈◊〉 it is 〈◊〉 it in â—ai◠〈◊〉 â—in Esox of the Rhine but very common and well known in those northern parts of Europe 〈◊〉 Pâ—â—â—ceâ—â—ctions â—â—are having their inside as he says of a bright scarlet colour They breed in Autumn in little rivers and most in shallows where they cover their spawn with sand at which time they are so very poor and lean that they seem to have nothing but bones Of that spawn in the spring following comes a fry of small fish which making towards the sea in a little time grow to their full bigness and then making back again to the rivers they were bred in struggle against the force of the stream and wheresoever any hindrance obstructs their passage with a jerk of their tail a certain leap whence probably their name of * From salio to leap Salmons to the amazement of the spectators they whip over and keep themselves within these rivers till they breed During which time there is a law against taking them that is from the Eighth of September to the First of December Aâ—d it should seem they were reckoned amongst the greatest commodities of Scotland since it hath been provided by law that they should be sold to the English for nought but English Gold But these matters I leave for others As for the Earls of Marr Earls of Marr. In the reign of Alexander the 3d William Earl of Marr is named amongst those who were enemies to the King Whilst David Brus reigned Donald was Earl of Marr and Protector of the Kingdom murdered in his bed before the battle at Dyplin by Edward Balliol and his English Auxiliaries whose daughter Isabella King Robert Brus took to his first wife and had by her Marjorie mother to Robert Stewart King of the Scots Under the same David there is mention made of Thomas Earl of Marr who was banished in the year 1361. And under Robert the 3d of Alexander Stewart Earl of Marr who was slain in the battel at Harley against the Islanders in the year 1411. In K. James the first 's time we read in the Scotochronicon Scotochron lib. 12. cap. 33. Alexander Earl of Marr died in the year 1435. natural son of Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan son of Robert the second King of Scotland after whom as being a Bastard the King succeeded in the Inheritance John a younger son of King James the 2d afterwards bore this title who being convicted of attempting by Art Magick to take away his Brother's life was bled to death And after him Robert Cockeran was advanced from a * Latomâ— Mason to this dignity by King James the 3d and soon after hang'd by the Nobility From that time it was discontinued till Queen Mary adorn'd her Bastard Brother James with this honour and not long after upon its being found that by ancient right the title of Earl of Marr belong'd to John Lord Ereskin in lieu of Marr she conferr'd upon him the honour and title of Earl of Murray and created John Ereskin a person of ancient Nobility Earl of Marr whose son of the same Christian name now enjoys the dignity and is in both Kingdoms one of his Majesties Privy Council k BVQVHAN WHere now Buquhan in Latin Boghania and Buchania above the River Done extends it self
the honour of the Earl of Huntley from K. James the second in the year 1449. l MVRRAY BEyond the mountain Grampius which by a continual range of close join'd hills as it were extends its ridge with many risings and sinkings to this very country the Vacomagi in ancient times had their habitation upon the Bay of Vararis Vacomagi Sinus Vararis where now Murray Murray Frith lies in Latin Moravia noted for its fertility pleasantness and profitable product of fruit-trees The Spey a noble river opens a passage through this countrey into the sea wherein it lodges it self after it hath watered Rothes Castle whence the Family of Lesley derive their title of Earl ever since K. James the 2d advanced Geo. Lesley to the honour of Earl of Rothes Of this Spey thus our Poet Necham Spey loca mutantis praeceps agitator arenae Inconstans certas nescit habere vias Officium lintris corbis subit hunc regit audax Cursus labentis nauta fluenta sequens Great Spey drives forward with impetuous force Huge banks of sand and knows no certain course Here for a boat an Osier-pannier row'd By some bold peasant glides along the flood The river Loxa mentioned by Ptolemy now call'd Losse hides it self hard by in the sea Near this we have a sight of Elgin in which as also in Forres adjoining J. Dunbar of Cumnock descended from the House of the Earls of March does justice as hereditary Sheriff But when it is now ready to enter the sea it finds a more plain and soft soil and spreads it self into a lake well stored with Swans wherein the Herb Olorina grows plentifully Here upon it stands Spiny Barons Spiny Castle of which Alexander of the House of Lindsay is now the first Baron As also Kinloss Baâ—on Kinloss a near neighbour formerly a famous Monastery call'd by some Kill-flos from certain flowers there miraculously springing up on a sudden where the corps of King Duff murdered and here hidden was first found * In the year 972. hath for its Lord Edward Brus Master of the Rolls in England and one of His Majestie 's Privy Council created by K. James the 6th Baron Brus of Kinloss a Now Earls of Elgin Thus much for the shore More inward where Bean Castle now stands look'd upon to be that Banatia Banatia mentioned by Ptolemy there was found in the year 1460 a Marble Vessel very finely engraved and full of Roman coins Hard by is Nardin or Narne Narne Sheriffdom an Hereditary Sheriffdom of the Cambells of Lorn where in a Peninsula there stood a fort of a mighty height built with wonderful works and formely held by the Danes A little off is Logh-Nesse a very large lake three and twenty miles long the water whereof is so warm that even in this cold and frozen climate it never freezes from this by a very small Isthmus of hills the Logh Lutea or Lothea which by Aber lets it self into the western Ocean is divided Upon these lakes there stood anciently two noted fortifications called from the loghs one Innerness the other Innerlothy Innerness hath the Marquess of Huntley for its hereditary Sheriff who hath a large Jurisdiction hereabout * See thâ— Additions But take here what J. Johnston writes upon these two places INNERNESS and INNERLOCHY Imperii veteris duo propugnacula quondam Primaque regali moenia structa manu Turribus oppositis adverso in limine spectant Haec Zephyrum Solis illa orientis equos Amnibus hinc atque hinc cincta utique piscibus amnes Foecundi haec portu perpete tuta patet Haec fuit at jacet heu jam nunc sine nomine tellus Hospita quae Regum est hospita facta feris Altera spirat adhuc tenuis sufflamina vitae Quae dabit fati turbine victa manus Dic ubi nunc Carthago potens ubi Martia Roma Trojaque immensae ditis opes Asiae Quid mireris enim mortalia cedere fatis Corpora cum videas oppida posse mori Two stately forts the realm's old guardians stood The first great walls of royal builders prov'd Their lofty turrets on the shores were shown One to the rising one the setting sun All round well stock'd with fish fair rivers lay And one presents a safe and easie bay Such once it was but now a nameless place Where Princes lodg'd the meanest cattel graze T'other survives and faintly breaths as yet But must e're long submit to conqu'ring fate Where 's haughty Carthage now with all her power Where 's Rome and Troy that rul'd as great before Where the vast riches of the Asian shore No wonder then that we frail men should die When towns themselves confess mortality In the reign of K. Robert Brus Thomas Randolph his sister's son a person that took infinite pains for his country and met with much opposition was very famous under the title of Earl of Murray Eâ—rlâ— of â—â—â—ray In the reign of K. Rob. 2. John de Dunbar had the King's daughter and with her the Earldom of Murray as an amends for her lost virginity Under K. James the 2d William Creichton Lord Chancellor of the Kingdom and Archibald Douglass had a violent contest for this Earldom when against the laws and ancient customs of the Realm Douglass who had married the younger daughter of James de Dunbar Earl of Murray was preferr'd before Creichton who had married the elder by the power and great interest that William Earl Douglass had with the King which was so very great that he did not only advance this brother to the Earldom of Murray but another brother likewise to the Earldom of Ormond and two of his Cousins to the Earldoms of Angus and Morton But this his greatness a thing never to be trusted to when so exorbitant was his ruin soon after Under King James the 5th his own brother whom he had constituted Vicegerent of the Kingdom enjoyed this honour And within our memory James a natural son of K. James the 5th had this honour conferr'd upon him by his sister Qu. Mary who ill requited her when having gotten some few of the Nobility on his side he deposed her a most wicked precedent for crowned Heads But the punishment of heaven soon fell upon him being quickly after shot through with a musquet bullet His only daughter brought this title to her husband James Steward of Down descended of the Blood Royal to wit of the Dukes of Albany who being slain by some that envied him left behind him his son James his successor in this honour m LOQHVABRE ALl that tract of land beyond the Nesse which bends down to the western coast and joins to the lake Aber is thence called Loghuabre that is in the ancient British Tongue The Mouth of the Lakes That which lies towards the northern coast Rosse Loghuabre abounds much in pastures and woods and hath some veins of iron but very little produce of corn It
Queen Elizabeth had such great hopes of the Earl that out of her Royal clemency upon his penitence and suit for mercy she pardoned him this barbarous and inhuman fratricide notwithstanding the dissuasion of some good men about her There was also somewhat else gall'd him at this time the Lord Deputy had extinguished the name of the Mac-Mahons in the next County and to suppress the power of that great family had subdivided the County among several whereupon the Earl was apprehensive he would go on and serve him and the other Lords of Ulster after the same manner The dissentions between the Earl and 6 Sir Henry Henry Bagnall Marshal of Ireland broke out likewise at this time for the Earl had marry'd Bagnall's Sister by force The Earl complained that whatever he had reduced in Ulster to the subjection of the Queen at the expence of his own blood and labour was no ways advantageous to him but to the Marshal that the Marshal by subornation of profligate vile fellows to witness against him had impeach'd him of high treason that by his instigation he had made 7 Sir William William Fitz-williams the Lord Deputy his bitter enemy and that he had lain in ambush for his life This is certain that all the Lord Deputy had writ upon that subject was believed in the Court of England till such time as the Earl to clear himself writ into England that he would either stand to a fair trial there or here in Ireland upon that point And it is also plain that he and the other Lords of Ulster enter'd into a secret combination and league about this time that they would defend the Roman catholick religion for rebellion is never set afoot now but under the pretence and colour of religious ends that they would suffer no Sheriffs nor Garisons to be within the compass of their territories that they would stand to one another in maintaining their rights and resist the English in any injury they should offer them The first that stood out to give the allarm hereupon was Mac-Gwire a man of a turbulent spirit who ravaged the country about him and enter'd Conaght accompanied with one Gauran a Priest whom the Pope had made Primate of Ireland who exhorted him to depend upon God and try his fortune and success would answer his expectation Yet it happen'd quite otherwise for Mac-Gwire was routed by the valour of 8 Sir Richard Richard Bingham and the Primate himself was cut off with many others Soon after Mac-Guire broke out into open Rebellion and was pursued by the Marshal and the Earl himself under pretence of loyalty who received a wound in the thigh and great applause for his valour Yet at the same time he was so wholly intent upon his own safety that he intercepted the sons of Shan O-Neal to prevent the mischief they might after do him and though the restitution of them was demanded yet he answer'd nothing to that purpose but made heavy complaints of the injuries done him by the Lord Deputy the Marshal and the Garison Soldiers which notwithstanding he dissembled so well that he came afterwards to the Lord Deputy as if he had forget them submitted himself and promising loyalty and an intire obedience return'd again 9 Sir William William Fitz-Williams being recalled out of Ireland 10 Sir William William Russel was made Lord Deputy in his place The Earl voluntarily went to him 11 Exhibited an humble submission upon his knees to the Lord Deputy wherein he dolefully expressed his great grief that the Queen had conceived indignation against him as of one undutiful and disloyal He acknowledged that the late absenting himself from the state was disagreeable to his obedience albeit it was occasioned by some hard measures of the late Lord Deputy as though he and the Marshal had combined for his destruction He acknowledged that the Queen advanced him to high title and great livings that she ever upheld him and enabled him that she who by grace had advanced him was able by her force to subvert him and therefore if he were void of gratitude yet he could not be so void of reason as to word his own ruine promising a perfect obedience to his Lordships commands in every thing and sent his letters to some of the Queen's Council to the same effect entreating earnestly that he might be received again into the Queen's favour which he had lost by no demerit or disloyalty but purely by the false suggestions of his adversaries Bagnal the Martial at the same time exhibited articles of accusation against him that the Earl himself had sent Mac-Gwire with the Primate above named into Conaght that he was in the combination of Mac-Gwire O-Donell and other Conspirators had assisted them in wasting Monaghan and in the siege of Inis-Kellin by his brother Cormac Mac-Baron and his bastard son Con and had seduced the Captains of Kilulto and Kilwarny from their allegiance to the Queen by the terrour of his threatnings Upon this it was warmly debated by the Council whither or not the Earl should be detained to answer this Information The Lord Deputy was for detaining him but 12 But when it was put to question generally most of his Council either out of fear or favour to the Earl were for dismissing him at present and deferring the tryal to another opportunity 13 Pretending certain weighty considerations and that the Articles exhibited were without proof or time whereupon the Lord Deputy in respect to the majority and the small experience he had in the affairs of that state in comparison with them desisted though much against his own inclination and the Earl was dismissed without so much as hearing his accusers The Queen was much concerned at this oversight for his dangerous designs and actions began to appear plain enough to every body by this time and the more because she had cautioned the Lord Deputy to detain the Earl in such case till he answer'd the crimes that were charged upon him As soon as the Earl had got home again and heard of a reinforcement now coming from England and that 1300 veterans who had served under the command of 14 Sir John John Norris in Bretagne were now also transporting thither from Holland as also that the English had some design upon Ballishannon and Belyk two castles upon the mouth of the lough Ern his own conscience flash'd him in the face with light enough to discern which way these proceedings tended so he surprized the Fort upon Black-water which opened a passage into his County of Ter-Oen and forced it to surrender His resolutions however were so various and wavering about the same time that he writ to the Earl of Kildare to offer his assistance against the injuries of the Lord Deputy to the Earl of Ormond and 15 Sir Henry Henry Wallop Treasurer of the Kingdom assuring them of his intention to continue loyal and to 16 Sir
at Fereal and give him battle But the Earl prevented him by his speedy march having some information of the design for it is certain that some even of the Queen's Council were well-wishers to the Earl and his proceedings As soon as the Lord Deputy got back to Dublin he employ'd himself wholly in reviewing his troops and choosing out a detachment of old soldiers to be transported to Logh-Foil and Bala-Shannon near the mouth of the Lough Erne that by his garisons there he might annoy the enemy both in the flank and in the rear and also to reinforce his garisons in Lease and Ophaly a matter of no small danger and difficulty by reason of the enemy on all sides In the beginning of May the Lord Deputy took his march towards Ulster to divert the enemy on that side while 43 Sir Henry Henry Docwra might have opportunity to plant a garison at Logh-Foil and 44 Sir Matthew Morgan another at Bala-Shannon The Earl was so well diverted by the Lord Deputy who was daily engaging him in some little skirmish or other with good success that 45 Sir Henry Docwra and the other easily compassed their design and the Earl himself grew sensible of a change of fortune and that he would be beat back to his own corners The Lord Deputy having planted these garisons returned about the middle of June and sent into England for a supply of troops and provision that he might plant another garison at Armach on this side to straiten the Rebels In the mean time he made an expedition into Lease which was the refuge of all the rebels in Leinster and therein cut off Ony-Mac-Rory-Og chief of the family of O-More a most bloody desperate young fellow who had lately raised the commotions in Munster with many other such profligates and then having wasted their Country drove them into their woods and boggs in such consternation that they never made head again in those parts The supplies from England being now arrived though his Lordship laboured under the want both of money and provision and though the Equinox was past and winter begun already in this climate yet he set out again towards the passage of the Moyery three miles beyond Dundalk This passage is by nature the most difficult in Ireland but besides the Rebels had with great art and industry block'd it up with pallisadoes stakes hurdles stones and clots of earth as it lyes along between the hills woods and boggs on both sides and had also lin'd it with soldiers to secure it Moreover the weather was bad and the great fall of rain that had happened for some days together made the rivers impassable As soon as the waters fell the English opened their way through this passage with great courage and notwithstanding all these difficulties to incumber them beat back the enemy and marched forwards towards Armach which was quite devoured by the Rebels so that the Lord Deputy planted his garison eight miles from the town and in memory of 46 Sir John John Norris under whom his Lordship had first learned the rudiments of war called it Mount Norris committing it to the charge of E. Blany a man of great diligence and valor who gall'd the enemy sore on this side as 47 Sir Henry Henry Docwra did on the other and kept them in great awe Not to mention the particular skirmishes that daily happened in his return in the straits near Carlingford which the Rebels had blocked up he gave them a memorable defeat Some few days after though it was now mid winter the Lord Deputy to make the most of his time went into the 48 A secure Receptacle of Rebels Glynnes or the vallies of Leinster that had continued hitherto untouched having wasted the Country he forced Donel Spamoh Phelim Mac Feogh and the seditious race of the O-Tools to give hostages and submit After this he went on as far as Fereal and drove Tirell the best commander among the Rebels out of his strong hold or Fastnesses as they call them being boggy places beset with thick bushes into Ulster whither he pursued them with his victorious army by an indirect march In the first place he laid wast the territory of Ferney with the slaughter of the two sons of Evar Mac Cowly and did the like to Fues by a detachment under the command of 49 Sir Richard Richard Morison At the same time he sent 50 Sir Oliver Oliver Lambard to plant a garison in Breany and then turned towards Drogheda where he received such of the principal Rebels into his protection as submitted themselves namely Turlogh Mac Henry a Seignior in Fues Ever Mac Cowly O-Hanlon who has the honour to be Standard-bearer to the Kings of Ulster by inheritance and many of the Mac Mahons and O-Realies who gave up their dearest friends as hostages As soon as the spring came on the Lord Deputy before his forces were got together marched again to the Moyery cut down the woods that the way might be passable and erected a fort In this expedition he drove the Mac Genisses out of Lecal which they had usurped and reduc'd all the castles of the enemy as far as Armagh in which he also planted a garison Nay he advanced so far that the Earl who was well encamped upon Black water was obliged to remove and the Deputy design'd to erect a sort somewhat lower but received many letters of advice that the Spaniards were certainly landed in Munster as he had heard by flying reports before Upon this he was forced to desist for he was not now to defend Ireland from a civil war but from a foreign invasion However to secure what he had already gain'd he reinforced his garisons and set forward at the head of one or two 〈◊〉 troops of horse in great hast for Munster commanding his foot to follow him For while the Lord Deputy was imploy'd in Ulster the Earl and those of his party in Munster had by their agents viz. a certain Spaniard made Archbishop of Dublin by the Pope the Bishop of Clonfort the Bishop of Killalo and one Archer a Jesuit induced the King of Spain by their earnest prayers and intreaty to send a reinforcement to the Rebels in Munster under the conduct of John de D'Aquila with hopes that the whole Province would presently revolt and the titular Earl of Desmond as also Florens Mac-Carty would joyn them But the President 51 Sir George George Carew had took care to intercept and transport them into England D'Aquila landed at Kingsale in Munster with two thousand veterane Spaniards and some Irish fugitives on the last of October and forthwith published his Manifesto wherein he stiled himself Master General and Captain of His Catholick Majesty in the war of God for preserving the faith in Ireland perswading them that Queen Elizabeth was deprived of her Kingdom by the sentence of several Popes and all her subjects absolv'd from their allegiance
and securest of any in the Island but there are on both sides of the Island divers other Havens very commodious for trade The Air and Soil The Air of this Island is sharp and cold in winter but much more mild than in Wales the frosts are short and seldom The place is very wholesom to live in for they never have any damps or venomous vapours arising out of the earth The Plague was never known to have been there in any of their Ancestors memory The Inhabitants are long-lived they ordinarily living to fourscore many to an hundred years and upwards The Women are very fruitful The soil in the northern part of the Island is for the most part heathy and gravelly ground much resembling the mountainous parts of Wales in the south they have very good meadow and pasture-ground All parts of the Island yields store of all sorts of grain both barly wheat rye and oates not only enough for its own Inhabitants but likewise for exportation to other places They have oates in greatest plenty of which the inhabitants generally make their bread They have likewise good store of honey flax and hemp The Cattle Their Neat for the most part feed in heathy ground and lye continually in the open fields both winter and summer so that they are but small and poor resembling those of Ireland and much inferior to the English breed Their horses are likewise poor and small and very unsightly because of the little care taken about them For they are never housed or dressed but exposed to wind and weather in the coldest season They will endure a great deal of labour and hardship being all of a sooty black colour and their hair long and stragling The sheep thrive very well in this Island they are fat and their flesh well-tasted but generally of a small bulk The wooll of their sheep is very good but they have a small quantity of a certain sort which is remarkable and far exceeds their other wooll in fineness This sort the Manksmen call Laughton-wooll which in their language signifies wooll of a greyish colour though according to my Author it resembles rather a sandy or deer-colour The rarity of it is that 't is not to be found in any certain place of the Island but that one only sheep of a whole flock always has this coloured wooll and they are observed never to impart the same to their lambs so that there is but a small quantity of it to be had throughout the Island Here they have plenty of hogs of an ordinary bigness There is also here great store of Otters Badgers Foxes Hares and Conies The Hares of this Island are very fat which is a property in them not to be met with in many other Countries There are some Deer in the Mountains but they belong to the Lord of the Island and therefore none are permitted to hunt them without a licence from him under the penalty of a fine of three pounds besides imprisonment during the Lord's pleasure The Fowl The Hawks here are very good and thought to equal if not exceed those of Ireland And therefore it was that King Henry the fourth in his Letters Patents of the grant of this Island to Sir John Stanley the first King of Man of that name and race obliged him in lieu of all other services upon the day of his and his Successors Coronation to present him with a Cast of Hawks They have here store of geese hens ducks and wild fowl Neither Partridges nor Farkers will live in this Isle though imported The Isle of Man has this in common with Ireland that it is free from toads snakes and all other such venemous creatures I know * Top. Hib. cap. 15. Giraldus Cambrensis and from him Mr. Camden doth say that this Island being equally distant from England and Ireland there arose anciently a controversie to which of the two Kingdoms it should belong which was decided by making experiment whether the soil thereof would foster any venemous creatures and accordingly some toads and other venemous creatures being brought to make trial and living upon the soil the Island was adjudged to belong to Britain as participating more of the nature of its soil than that of Ireland But it seems those that were brought to make the trial did not propagate their kind for the Manksmen do at this day glory in their immunity from such noxious creatures and my author does aver that during his abode in the Island he neither did see nor hear of any such except only Spiders which Ireland also hath though without venom But whether these spiders of the Isle of Man had that quality to be without venom he made no experiment The Island abounds with many little currents of fresh water which because of their smallness may be more properly called Rivulets than Rivers Their spring-water is of a pure pleasant taste Here they have great store of salmon cod haddock Macrel raie place thornback and other sorts of fish but especially of herrings There are few or no oysters or muscles but of crabs lobsters and cockles great abundance There are no woods in the Island Their Fewel although in former times they had them in great plenty and many oaks are now often digged up under ground There is not a tree to be seen any where in the Island except such as grow in gardens There is no sea-coal as yet discovered in the Island so their woods being destroyed there would be a great scarcity of fewel were it not that they have sufficient store of sea-coal imported The only fewel which the Island naturally produces is gorze and heath which they call ling as also broom They have plenty of a coarse sort of turf but of Turf that is good they have but a small quantity The Island of Man is indifferently populous Their Towns and Foâ—â— neither wanting nor abounding with Inhabitants in former times it had more Towns and was better peopled than now At present they have only four principal Towns which are Castle-town the Metropolis of the Island that went formerly by the name of Russin Douglas Ramsey and Peel They are all four situated in the maritime parts of the Island each of them has a harbor and at every haven there is a castle and a sconce or block-house The houses are all of one fashion low built and thatch'd and only two stories high the upper rooms which they commonly let to strangers to lodge in are cieled over head and plaistered They begin to improve in their building for in Castle-town and Douglas they build their houses three stories high and cover them with tile instead of thatch In these Towns of the Isle of Man they have no Mayors or Aldermen nor so much as a Recorder Town-Clerk or any such Officer When any riots or disorders happen in the Towns either some of the Lord's Officers or the Constable which is the same as Governor of the next
Trinity appear'd to him saying Why hast thou cast me out of my own Seat and out of the Church of Doun and plac'd there my S. Patrick the Patron of Ireland For John Curcy had expell'd the Secular Canons out of the Cathedral Church of Doun and introduc'd the black Monks of Chester in their room And the Holy Trinity stood there upon a stately Shrine and John himself took it down out of the Church and order'd a Chappel to be built for it setting up the Image of S. Patrick in the great Church which displeas'd the most-high God Wherefore he bid him assure himself he should never set foot in his Seignory again However in regard of other good Deeds he should be deliver'd out of Prison with Honour which happen'd accordingly For a Controversy arising between John King of England and the King of France about a Lordship and certain Castles the King of France offer'd by a Champion to try his Right Upon this the King call'd to mind his valiant Knight John Curcy whom he cast in Prison upon the information of others so he sent for him and ask'd him if he were able to serve him in this Combat John answer'd He would not fight for him but for the Right of the Kingdom with all his Heart which he undertook to do afterwards And so refresh'd himself with Meat Drink and Bathing in the mean while and recover'd his Strength Whereupon a day was appointed for the Engagement of those Champions namely John Curcy and the other But as soon as the Champion of France heard of his great Stomach and mighty Valour he refus'd the Combat and the said Seignory was given to the King of England The King of France then desired to see a Blow of the said Curcy Whereupon he set a strong Helmet * Plenan loricis full of Mail upon a large Block and with his Sword after he had look'd about him in a grim manner struck the Helmet through from the very Crest into the Block so very fast that no one therâ— was able to pull it out till he himself at the request of the twâ— Kings did it easily Then they ask'd him Why he look'd so gruâ— behind him before he struck So he told them If he had fail'd iâ— giving it he would have certainly cut them all off as well Kingâ— as others The Kings made him large Presents and the King of Englanâ— restor'd him also to his Seigniory viz. Ulster John Curcy attempteâ— 15 several times to sail over into Ireland but was always in danger and the Wind cross'd him so he waited awhile among the Monk of Chester and at last sail'd into France and there died MCCV. The Abby of Wetheny in the County of Limerick was founded by Theobald the Son of Walter Butler Lord oâ— Carryk MCCVI. The Order of Friars Minors was begun near the Ciâ—â— Assisa by S. Francis MCCVIII William de Brewes was banish'd out of England anâ— came into Ireland England was interdicted for the Tyranny 〈◊〉 King John A great defeat and slaughter was given at Thurles iâ— Munster by Sir Geffery Mareys to the Lord Chief Justice of Inland's Men. MCCX John King of England came to Ireland with a greâ—â— Fleet and a strong Army and the Sons of Hugh Lacy viz. thâ— Lord Walter Lord of Meth and Hugh his Brother for their Tâ—ranny but particularly for the Murder of Sir John Courson Loâ—â— of Rathenny and Kilbarrock for they had heard that the saâ—â— John accus'd them to the King were driven out of the Nation So they fled into France and serv'd in the Monasteries of S. Taurâ—â— unknown being employ'd in Clay or Brick-work and sometimâ—â— in Gardens as Gardeners But at length they were discover'd bâ— the Abbot who intreated the King on their behalf for he haâ— baptiz'd their Sons and had been as a Father to them in manâ— things So Walter Lacy paid two thousand fâ—ve hundred Markâ— and Hugh Lacy a great Sum of Mony likewise for their Ransom and they were restor'd again to their former Degree and Lordshiâ— by the Abbot's Intercession Walter Lacy brought with him Johâ— the son of Alured i.e. Fitz-Acory Son to the aforesaid Abboâ— whole Brother and Knighted him giving him the Seignory 〈◊〉 Dengle and many others Moreover he brought Monks with hiâ— out of the said Monastery and bestow'd many Farms upon theâ— with the Cell call'd Foury for their Charity Liberality and gooâ— Counsel Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster built a Cell also for tâ—â— Monks in Ulster and endow'd it in a place call'd John King 〈◊〉 England having taken many Hostages as well of the English as 〈◊〉 the Irish and hang'd a number of Malefactors upon Gibbets aâ—â— setled Affairs return'd into England the same Year MCCXI. Sir Richard Tuyt was crush'd to death by the fall of Tower at Alone He founded the Monastery de Grenard MCCXII The Abby of Grenard was founded This saâ—â— year died John Comyn Archbishop of Dublin and was burieâ— within the Quire of Trinity Church he built S. Patrick's Churâ—â— at Dublin Henry Londres succeeded him sirnam'd Scorch-Villeyâ— from an Action of his For having call'd in his Tenants one daâ— to know by what Tenure they held of him they show'd him the Deeds and Charters to satisfie him whereupon he order'd them to be burnt and hence got the name of Scorch-Villeyn given him by his Tenants This Henry Archbishop of Dublin was Justiciary of Ireland and built Dublin-castle MCCXIII William Petit and Peter Messet departed this life Peter Messet was Baron of Luyn hard by Trim but dying without Heir-male the Inheritance fell to the three Daughters of whom the Lord Vernail married the eldest Talbot the second and Loundres the third who by this means shar'd the Inheritance among them MCCXIX The City of Damieta was miraculously won on the Nones of September about Midnight without the loss of one Christian The same year died William Marshall the Elder Earl Marshal and Earl of Pembrock * The Genealogy â—f the Earl Marshall who by his Wife the Daughter of Richard Strongbow Earl of Strogul had five Sons The eldest was call'd William the second Walter the third Gilbert the fourth Anselm and the fifth Richard who lost his Life in â—he War of Kildare every one of them successively enjoy'd the â—nheritance of their Father and died all without Issue So the Inâ—eritance devolv'd upon the Sisters namely the Daughters of their Father who were Maud Marshall the Eldest Isabel Clare the seâ—ond Eva Breous the third Joan Mount Chensey the fourth and Sibill Countess of Firrars the fifth Maud Marshall was married to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk who was Earl Marshal of England â—n right of his Wife By whom he had Ralph Bigod Father of John Bigod the Son of the Lady Bertha Furnival and * The Widow of Gilbert Lacy. Isabel Lacy Wife to John Lord Fitz-Geffery by whom after the death of Hugh de Bigod Earl of Norfolk she had John de Guaren Earl of Surry
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ— in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ— S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ— interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ— the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ— Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ— them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ— others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ— of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ— after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ— King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ— his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ— and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ— and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ— throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ— MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ— Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ— of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ— after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ— Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ— submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ— by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ— the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ— Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ— Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castâ—â— with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ— the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâ—mentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ— he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ— to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ— one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ— and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ— France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ— leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ— England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ— When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ— state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ— of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ— the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ— having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oâ—â— Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ— France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ— sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theâ—â— will and consent The King of England brought another Army 〈◊〉 Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ— John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ— for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ— Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ— sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ— day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oâ—â— then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ— thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ— Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ— the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ— forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ— King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ— only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ— were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ— the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ— Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ— others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ— of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâ—day with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ— next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
defeated This occasion'd a general Insurrection in Scotland of both Earls and Barons against the King of England There was also at this time a Quarrel between the King of England and Roger Bigod Earl Marshal but this was soon made up S. Lewis a Frier minor Son of the King of Sicily and Archbishop of Cologn died this year This year also the son and heir of the King of Maliager i.e. of the Islands of Majorac instituted the Order of the Friers-minors at the direction of S. Lewis who bid him go and do it Item Leghlin in Ireland with other Towns were burnt by the Irish of Slemergi Item Calwagh O Hanlen and Yneg Mac-Mahon were slain in Urgale MCCXCVIII Pope Boniface IV. on the morrow of the Feast of S. Peter â—â—d S. Paul all things being then quiet made Peace between England â—â—d France upon certain Terms Item Edward King of England â—â—d an Army again into Scotland to conquer it There were slain 〈◊〉 this Expedition about the Feast of S. Mary Magdalen many â—â—ousands of the Scots at Fawkirk The Sun appear'd that day 〈◊〉 red as Blood in Ireland while the Battel at Fawkirk continu'd â—â—em about the same time the Lord King of England gave his Knights the Earldoms and Baronies of those Scots that were slain â—n Ireland Peace was concluded between the Earl of Ulster and the Lord John Fitz-Thomas about the Feast of Simon and Jude Also â—â—e morrow after the Feast of the seven Sleepers the Sun-beams â—ere chang'd into a bloodish colour all the morning to the great â—dmiration of every one Item This year died Thomas Fitz-â—aurice Knight and Sir Robert Bigod sometime Justiciary in the â—ench Item In the City Artha as also Reath in Italy during â—â—e stay of Pope Boniface there happen'd so great an Earthquake â—â—at Towers and Palaces fell down and the Pope and his Cardiâ—als fled out of the City with great consternation Item on the Feast of Epiphany there was an Earthquake in Engâ—â—nd from Canterbury to Hampton but not so violent MCCXCIX Theobald Lord Botilter the younger died in the Mannor of Turby on the second day before the Ides of May His Corps were convey'd towards Weydeney i. e Weney in the County of Limerick on the 6th day before the Calends of June Item Edward King of England married the Lady Margaret Sister to the noble King of France in Trinity-church at Canterâ—ury about the Feast of the Holy Trinity Item the Sultan of Baâ—ylon with a great Army was defeated by Cassan King of Tarâ—â—ry MCCXCIX On the day after the Purification there was an inâ—â—â—ite number of Saracen-horse slain besides as many Foot Item There was this same year a Fight of Dogs at Genelon-castle in â—urgundy the number of the Dogs were 3000 and all kill'd but â—â—e Item This year many Irish came to the Castle of Roch â—efore the Annunciation to give some disturbance to the Lord Theâ—bald de Verdon MCCC The * Numisma Pollardorum Pollard-mony was prohibited in England and Ireland Item King Edward enter'd Scotland with an Army in Autumn but was stay'd by an order from Pope Boniface and to excuse himself sent certain Envoys to the Court of Rome Item Thomas son â—o the King of England was born at Brotherton by Margaret the King of France's Sister on the last day of May. Item Edward Earl of Cornwall dy'd this year without issue and was buried in â—he Abby of Hailes MCCCI. Edward King of England enter'd Scotland with an Army Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and Sir John Fitz-Thomas Peter Bermingham and many others set sail from Ireâ—and to assist him Item A great part of the City of Dublin was â—urnt down together with the Church of S. Warbutga on S. Caâ—â—mb's day at night Item Sir Jeffrey Genevil married the daughâ—er of Sir John Montefort and Sir John Mortimer married the daughter and heir of Sir Peter Genevil and the Lord Theobald Verdon married the daughter of the Lord Roger Mortimer The People of Leinster took up Arms in the Winter and burnt the Towns of Wyklo and Rathdon c. but they suffer'd for 't for the greater â—art of their Provisions at home was burnt up and their Cattel â—ole so that they had certainly famish'd if a sedition had not hapned among the English at that juncture Item A small company of the Brenies were defeated this year by the Tolans and 300 of those Robbers were cut off Item A great part of Mounster was wasted by Walter Power and many Farm-houses burnt MCCCII This year died the Lady Margaret Wife to Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland on the 3d day before the Ides of April And in the week following Maud Lacy the Wife of Sir Geffery Genevil died also Item Edmund Botiller recoverd the Mannour de S. Bosco Holywood forte with the Appurtenances thereunto belonging from Sir Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin by a Fine in the King's bench after the feast of S. Hilary Item the Flemings defeated the French in Flanders at Courtenay the Wednesday after the feast of S. Thomas In this Engagement were slain the Earl of Artois the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Hue Ralph de Neel Constable of France Guy de Nevil Marshal of France the Earl of Hennaund's son Godfrey de Brabant and his son William de Fenles and his son James de S. Paul lost his hand and fourty Baronets were kill'd that day with Knights Squires c. without number The Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Ireland were exacted by Pope Boniface for three years as a Subsidy for the Church of Rome against the King of Arragon Item upon the day of the Circumcision Sir Hugh Lacy made an inroad upon Sir Hugh Vernail and drove off his Beasts This year Robert Brus Earl of Carrick married Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster Item Edward Botiller married the daughter of Sir John Fitz-Thomas The City of Bourdeaux with others thereabouts which Edward King of England had formerly lost by a sedition of the French were now restor'd upon S. Andrew's-eve by the means of the Lord John Hastings MCCCIII Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster and Sir Eustace Power invaded Scotland with a strong Army But after that the Earl himself had made 33 Knights in the Castle of Dublin he passed over into Scotland to assist the King of England Item Gerald the son and heir of Sir John Fitz-Thomas departed this life This year the King and Queen of France were excommunicated with all their Children by Pope Boniface who also confirm'd the privileges of the University of Paris Soon after the Pope was taken Prisoner and kept as it were in Prison three whole days Soon after the Pope dy'd The Countess of Ulster died likewise about this time Item Walran Wellesly and Sir Robert Percivall were slain this year on the 11th day before the Kalends of November MCCCIV A great part of Dublin was burnt down viz. the Bridge-street a good part of
the Key the Church of the Preaching Friers the Church of the Monks and no small part of the Monastery about the Ides of June namely on the feast of S. Medard Item This year was laid the foundation of the Quire for Friers-Predicants in Dublin by Eustace Lord Pover on the feast of the Virgin S. Agatha Item After the purification the King of France invaded Flanders in person with a brave Army He behav'd himself gallantly in this War and in one Battel had two or three Horses kill'd under him But at last he lost the Cap under his Helmet which the Flemings carried off upon a Spear in derision and in all the great Fairs in Flanders it was hung out at a high Window of some great House or other like the Sign of an Inn or Tavern as the Token of their Victory MCCCV Jordan Comyn and his Accomplices kill'd Moritagh O Conghir King of Offaley and Calwagh his * Germanum whole Brother and certain others in the Court of Sir Peter Bymgeham at Carryck in Carbery Likewise Sir Gilbert Sutton Seneschal of Weisford was slain by the Irish near the Village of Haymond Grace which Haymond fought stoutly in this Skirmish and escap'd by his great Valour Item In Scotland the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick without regard to his Oath of Allegiance to the King of England kill'd Sir John Rede Comyn within the Cloister of the Friers-minors of Dunfrese and soon after got himself crown'd King of Scotland by the hands of two Bishops the one of S. Andrews and the other of Glasco in the Town of Scone to the ruin of himself and many others MCCCVI In Offaley near Geshil-castle a great defeat was given to O Conghor by O Dympcies on the Ides of April O Brene K. of * Tothomoniae Towmond died this year Donald Oge Mac-carthy Donald Ruff King of Desmond A sad overthrow was given to a Party of Piers Brymegham in the Marches of Meth on the fourth day before the Kalends of May. Balimore in Leinster was burnt by the Irish and Henry Calfe slain there at the same time whereupon a War broke out between the English and the Irish in Leinster and a great Army was drawn together from all parts against the Irish Sir Thomas Mandevil a gallant Soldier in this Expedition had a sharp conflict with the Irish near Glenfell wherein he fought bravely till his Horse was slain and won great honour for the saving the lives of several others as well as his own Item Thomas Cantok Chancellour of Ireland was consecrated Bishop of Ymelasen in Trinity-Church at Dublin with great honour the Elders of Ireland were present at this Consecration and there was such great feasting both for the rich and for the poor as had never been known before in Ireland Item Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin died on S. Luke's-eve and was succeeded by Master Richard Haverings who held that See almost five years by the Pope's dispensation At last he resign'd his Archbishoprick and was succeeded by John Lech The cause of this resignation as the Archdeacon of Dublin his nephew a man of note hath said was a dream which he had one night wherein he fancied That a certain monster heavier than the whole world stood upright upon his breast and that he renounc'd all the goods he had in this world to be rid of it When he waken'd he began to reflect how this was certainly the Church of Dublin the fruits whereof he had received without taking pains to deserve them Upon this he went to the Lord the Pope as soon as he could with whom he was much in favour and relinquish'd his Archbishoprick For he had as the same Archdeacon averr'd other benefices of greater value than the Archbishoprick itself Item On the feast of Pentecost at London King Edward conferr'd Knighthood upon his son Edward and four hundred more sixty of whom were made by the said Edward of Carnarvan as soon as he was knighted He held his feast in London at the new Temple and his father gave him the Dutchy of Aquitain Item On the feast of S. Potentiana the Bishops of Winchester and Worcester by an order from the Pope excommunicated Robert Brus the pretended King of Scotland and his party for the death of John Rede Comyn This year upon S. Boniface's day Aumar de Valence Earl of Pembroch and Lord Guy Earl cut off many of the Scots and the Lord Robert Brus was defeated near the town of S. Johns This year about the nativity of S. John baptist King Edward went by water from Newark to Lincoln toward Scotland Item This year the Earl of Asceles the Lord Simon Freysell the Countess of Carryck and the pretended Queen of Scotland daughter to the Earl of Ulster were taken Prisoners The Earl of Asceles and the Lord Simon Freysell were torn to peices The Countess remain'd with the King in great honour but the rest died miserably in Scotland Item About the feast of the Purification two brothers of Robert Brus that were both pyrats were taken prisoners with sixteen Scots besides as they landed to plunder the country the two brothers were torn to pieces at Carlile and the rest hanged Item Upon S. Patrick's day Mac Nochi and his two sons were taken prisoners near the New Castle in Ireland by Thomas Sueterby O boni and there Lorran Obons a great robber was beheaded MCCCVII On the third before the kalends of April Murcard Ballagh was beheaded by Sir David Caunton a valiant Knight near Marton and soon after Adam Dan was slain On Philip and Jacob's day Oscheles gave the English a bloody defeat in Connaght Item The castle of Cashill was pull'd down by the rapparies of Offaly and on the eve of the translation of S. Thomas they also burnt the town of Lye and besieg'd the castle but this was soon rais'd by John Fitz-Thomas and Edward Botiller Item This year died King Edward the first and his son Edward succeeded him who buried his father in great state at Westminster with honour and reverence Item Edward the younger married the Lady Isabell the King of France's daughter in S. Mary's church at Bologn and shortly after they were both crown'd in Westminster Abby Item The Templars in foreign parts being condemn'd for heresie as it was reported were apprehended and clapt in prison by the Pope's mandate In England likewise they were all taken the very next day after Epiphany In Ireland also they were taken into custody the day after the Purification MCCCVIII On the second of the ides of April died the Lord Peter de Bermingham a noble champion against the Irish Item On the 4th of the ides of May the castle of Kenin was burnt down and some of the guards slain by William Mac Balthor Cnygnismy Othothiles and his partisans Item On the 6th day before the ides of June the Lord John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland was defeated with his army near Glyndelory In this encounter were slain John
made by them for the benefit of the Kingdom Gaveston quitted the Realm about the feast of All-saints and went into Flanders from whence about four months after he return'd soon after Epiphany privately into England keeping so close to the King that the Barons could not easily come near him He went with the King to York making his abode there in the Lent whereupon the Bishops Earls and Barons of England came to London to consider the state of the Kingdom lest the return of Gaveston might breed disturbance in the state Item Sir John Cogan Sir Walter Faunt and Sir Jehn Fitz Rery died this year and were buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Dublin Item John Macgoghedan was kill'd by Omolmoy Item This year died William Roch kill'd at Dublin by an arrow which an Irish-highlander shot at him Item Sir Eustace Pover departed this life Item On the eve of S. Peter's Chair a riot was occasion'd in Urgaly by Robert Verdon Item Donat O Brene was traiterously kill'd by his own men in Tothomon MCCCXII Sir Peter Gaveston went into the castle of Scardeburg to defend himself against the Barons But soon after the kalends of June he surrendred himself to Sir Aumare Valence who besieg'd him upon certain conditions Valence was carrying him to London but the Earl of Warwick intercepted him at Dedington and brought him to Warwick where on the 13th before the kalends of July after a consultation among the Earls and Barons he was beheaded and buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Langley Item The Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan set out at the head of an army against Robert Verdon and his accomplices and â—o the 6th before the ides of July was sadly defeated In this Battle Nicholas Avenel Patrick Roch and many others were cut off Upon this the said Verdon and many of his followers surâ—endred themselves to the King and went into his prison at Dublin â—n hopes of favour and pardon Item On thursday the day after S. Lucy the virgin in the 6th year of King Edward the moon appear'd to be of several colours and that day it was resolv'd that the Order of the Templars should be abolish'd Item The Lord Edmund Botiller was made lieutenant to John â—ogan Justiciary of Ireland In the Lent following he besieg'd the O Brinnes in Glindelory and forc'd them to surrender nay had â—â—terly destroy'd them if they had not submitted themselves Item The day after the feast of S. Dominick the Lord Mauâ—ice Fitz-Thomas married Catharine the Earl of Ulster's daughter â—t Green Castle and Thomas Fitz-John married another daughter of the Earl's on the day after the assumption but in the same place Item The Sunday after the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross the daughter of the Earl of Glocester wife to the Lord John Burk was deliver'd of a son MCCCXIII Frier Roland Joce Primat of Armagh arriv'd in the isle of Houth the day after the annunciation of the blessed Mary and in the night got privately out of his bed took up his Crosier and advanc'd it as far as the Priory of Grace-dieu where â—e was encountred by some of the Archbishop of Dublin's servants â—ho made him leave his Crosier and drove the Primat himself out â—f Leinster Item A Parliament was held at London but little or nothing â—one towards a peace The King left them and went into France 〈◊〉 compliance with an order from that Court taking the sign of â—â—e Cross upon him with many of his Nobles Item Nicholas Fitz-Maurice and Robert Clonhul were knighted â—y the Lord John Fitz-Thomas at Adare in Munster Item On the last of May Robert Brus sent out some gallies with â—apperies in them to pillage Ulster but the people made a stout â—esistance and drove them off It is reported that Robert himself â—â—nded with them by the Earl's permission in order to make a â—â—nce Item This Summer Master John Decer a Citizen of Dublin â—aused a bridge to be built as was very necessary reaching from â—â—e Town of Balyboght to the causey of the Mill-pool of Clontarf â—hich before was a very dangerous passage But after great charge â—he whole bridge arches and all was wash'd down by an inâ—ndation Item On the feast of S. Laurence died John Leeks Archbishop â—f Dublin two were elected for the succession such was the heat â—nd difference of the electors Walter Thornbury the King's Chancellor in Ireland and Master Alexander Bicknore Treasurer â—f Ireland But Walter Thornbury with about an hundred and â—â—fty six more were cast away at Sea the night following Bicknor â—as at that time expecting the Pope's favour and was afterwards â—ade Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Miles Verdon married the daughter of the Lord â—ichard de Exeter Item This year the Lord Robert Brus demolish'd the Castle of Manne and on S. Barnaby's day overcame the Lord Donegan Odowill On the feast of Marcellus and Marcellianus the Lord John Burk the heir of Richard Earl of Ulster died at Gallway Item The Lord Edmund Botiller on Sunday being S. Michael's day made thirty Knights in Dublin Castle MCCCXIV The Hospitalers had the lands of the Templars in Ireland bestow'd upon them Item The Lord John Parice was slain at Pount Item On S. Silvester's day the Lord Theobald Verdon came Justiciary into Ireland Item Sir Geffery Genevile a Frier died this year on the 12th before the kalends of November and was buried in his order of Friers predicants of Trym he was also Lord of the liberty of Meth. Item Upon S. Matthew's day this year Loghseudy was burnt and on the Friday following the Lord Edmund Botiller receiv'd his Commission to be Justiciary of Ireland MCCCXV On S. John the Baptist's day the Earl of Glocester was kill'd in an engagement with the Scots and many others were kill'd and taken prisoners The Scots grew insolent upon this success and possess'd themselves of much land and tribute in Northumberland Item Shortly after they invested Carlisse where John Douglas was crush'd to death by a wall that fell upon him This year the Scots not contented with their own possessions arriv'd in the north part of Ireland at Clondonne to the number of 6000. fighting men and expert soldiers namely Edward Brus whole brother to Robert King of Scots with the Earl of Morreth John Meneteth John Steward the Lord John Cambel Thomas Randolfe Fergus de Andressan John de Bosco and John Bisset who possess'd themselves of Ulster and drove the Lord Thomas Mandevile and other subjects out of their estates The Scots entred Ireland on the Feast of S. Augustin the English Apostle in the month of May near Cragfergus in Ulster the first encounter between the English and them was hear Banne wherein the Earl of Ulster was put to flight and William Burk John Stanton and many others were taken Prisoners many were kill'd and the Scots got the day The second encounter was at Kenlys in Meth where Roger Mortimer and his soldiers
were put to flight The third was at Sketheris hard by Arstol the day after S. Paul's conversion the English fled and were routed by the Scots Whereupon Edward Brus after the feast of Philip and James got himself crown'd King of Ireland Having taken Green Castle they posted themselves in it but the citizens of Dublin soon remov'd them and recover'd it for the King and finding Sir Robert Coultagh the governour of the Castle there they brought him to Dublin where he was imprison'd and being kept to hard diet died Item Upon S. Peter and Paul's day the Scots invested Dondalk took it plunder'd it and then burnt it after they had kill'd all such as had oppos'd them A great part of Urgale was likewise burnt by them as also the Church of the blessed Virgin Mary in Atterith full of men women and children with the assistance of the Irish This same year the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland about the feast of S. Mary Magdalen drew considerable forces out of Munster Leinster and other parts to joyn the Earl of Ulster at Dondalk who had drawn a mighty great army out of Connaght and those parts and was marching thither There they concerted what measures they should take to destroy the Scots What their resolutions were is not known but the Scots fled and if they had not they had as 't is hop'd been taken Prisoners After this the Earl of Ulster and the said Justiciary with the rest of the Nobility resolv'd as soon as they had cut off the Scots to bring the Lord Edmund Brus dead or alive to Dublin Accordingly the Earl pursued them as far as Branne and then retir'd towards Coyners Brus perceiving this pass'd the River privately follow'd him and put him to flight with some others of the Earl's side having wounded George Roch and slain Sir John Stanton Roger Holiwood and others Many were likewise kill'd on Brus's side and on the 10th of September the Lord William Burk was taken Prisoner and the Earl was defeated near Coyners whereupon an Insurrection of the Irish in Conaught and Meth follow'd against the King and the Earl of Ulster who burnt the Castles of Atholon Raudon and others The Baron of Donull was very eminent for his great Valour but he suffer'd very much in his Goods and the Scots drove them stoutly as far as Cragfergus where those of the Earl's party fled and they some of them enter'd the Castle and defended it with great valour Afterwards certain Seamen came suddenly from the Port-towns and Havens of England surpris'd the Scots and kill'd forty of them carrying their Tents c. off with them The day after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross the Earl of Morreff went over with four Pirate-ships laden with Irish Commodities into Scotland accompanied with the Lord William Brus intending there to pick up a supply for his Army One of the Ships was cast away All this while the aforesaid Brus was carrying on the Siege of Cragfergus-castle At the same time Cathil Roge demolish'd three Castles of the Earl of Ulster's in Connaught where he likewise burnt and plunder'd many Towns Now also the English Mariners above-mentioned went to the said Castle and the Lords there skirmish'd with one another and kill'd many of the Scots Richard Lande O-Ferivil was slain also about this time by an Irish man Item Afterwards upon S. Nicholas day Brus left Cragfergus and was join'd by the Earl of Morreff with 500 Men so they march'd together towards Dundalk Many flock'd into them and gave them their assistance From these they pass'd on to Nobee where they left many of their Men about the feast of S. Andrew Brus himself burnt Kenley's in Meth and Grenard Abby which he rifled and spoil'd He also burnt Finnagh and Newcastle and all that Country and after they had kept their Christmas at Loghsudy they burnt it likewise At last they march'd forward by Totmoy to Rathymegan and Kildare and the Country about Tristeldermot Athy and Reban in which Expedition they lost some Soldiers After this Brus advanc'd to Skethy near Arscoll in Leinster where he was engag'd by the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland Sir John Fitz-Thomas Thomas Arnald Power and other Noblemen of Leinster and Munster so strong that any single Lord of them might have been an overmatch for Brus and his whole Party But a difference arising they left the Field in great disorder and confusion to him according to the truth of that Every Kingdom divided against it self shall become desolate Haymund le Grace a noble ' Squire and particularly loyal to his King and Country and Sir William Prendregest were both slain The Scots lost Sir Fergus Andrissan Sir Walter Morrey and many others who were buried at Athy in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Afterwards Brus in his return towards Meth burnt Loy-castle and so the Scots march'd from Kenlis into Meth where the Lord Mortimer took the field against them with a numerous Army amounting to near 15000 but hardly unanimous and true to one another as it was believ'd For tho' this Body was all under the said Mortimer yet they went off about three a Clock and deserted him particularly the Lacies so that the Lord Mortimer was oblig'd to retreat to Dublin with a small Party and the Lord Walter Cusake to the Castle of Trym leaving the Country and the Town of Kenlis to the mercy of the Scots Item At the same time all the South-part of the Country was burnt by the Irish of those parts viz. Arclo Newcastle Bree and all the adjacent Villages under the conduct of the Otothiles and the O Brynnes The Omorghes also burnt and wasted part of Leys in Leinster but most of them were cut off by the Lord Edmund Botiller Chief Justice of Ireland and about eight hundred of their Heads carried to Dublin-castle Item This year about the feast of the purification of the blessed Virgin some of the Irish Nobility and the Lord Fitz-Thomas Richard Lord Clare John Lord le Pover and Arnold Lord Pover came to the Lord John de Hotham who was appointed by the King for that end to establish a Peace for their after-quiet and safety so they took their Oaths to stand by the King of England with their lives and fortunes to do their best to preserve the peace and to kill the Scots For performance whereof they gave Pledges before God and so return'd All the rest of the Irish Nobility that refus'd to follow the same course were to be look'd upon as Enemies to the King Item The Lord John Bysset departed this life and the Church of the new Village of Leys with the Belfrey was burnt by the Scots The Castle of Northburg in Ulster was also taken by them Item Fidelmicus O Conghyr King of Connaught kill'd Rorick the son of Cathol O Conghyr Item This year died the Lord William Maundevil and the Bishop of Coner fled to the Castle of Cragfergus and the Bishoprick was laid under
Followers met together to concert what measures were to be taken against the Scots this Debate continued for a whole week and at last they came to no Resolution tho' their Army amounted to 30000 armed Men or thereabouts On Thursday in Easter-week Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with the King's Commission for he was Chief Justice at that time and on the Monday following went in great haste to the Army having sent his Letters to Edmund Botiller who as it has been said was formerly Chief Justice to enterprise nothing before his Arrival against the Scots but before Mortimer got to the Camp he admonish'd Brus to retreat so in the Night Brus march'd towards Kildare and in the week after the English return'd home to their several Countries and the Ulster-Army came to Naas At the same time two Messengers were sent from Dublin to the King of England to give him an account of the state of Ireland and the delivery of Ulster and to take his Majesty's advice upon the whole At the same time likewise Roger Lord Mortimer Justiciary of Ireland and the Irish Nobility were met together at Kilkenny to consider how they might most conveniently proceed against Brus but came to no Resolution About a month after Easter Brus came with an Army within four Leagues or thereabouts of Trym under the covert of a certain Wood and there continu'd for about a week or more to refresh his Men who were almost undone with fatigue and hunger which occasion'd a great mortality among them Afterwards on S. Philip and James's-day the said Brus began his march towards Ulster and after the said feast Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland came to Dublin with John Lord Wogan Sir Fulk Warin and thirty other Knights with their Retinue who held a Parliament with all the Nobility of the Kingdom at Kylmainan but came to no conclusion but about the delivery of the Earl of Ulster On the Sunday before the Ascension they held another Parliament at Dublin and there thc Earl of Ulster was deliver'd upon Mainprise Hostages and Oath which were That he should never by himself nor any of his Friends and Followers do or procure any mischief to the Citizens of Dublin for his apprehension save only what the Law allow'd him in those Cases against such Offenders whereupon he had till the Nativity of S. John allow'd him for that benefit but he came not Item This year Corn and other Victuals were exceeding dear Wheat was sold at three and twenty Shillings the Cranock and Wine for eight pence and the whole Country was in a manner laid waste by the Scots and those of Ulster Many House-keepers and such as were formerly able to relieve others were now reduc'd to Beggary themselves and great numbers famish'd The dearth and mortality was so severe that many of the Poor died At the same time Messengers arriv d at Dublin from England with Pardons to make use of as they should see fit but the Earl was deliver'd before they came And at the feast of Pentecost Mortimer Lord Chief Justice set forward for Drogheda from whence he went to Trym sending his Letters to the Lacies to repair to him but they refus'd the Summons with contempt Afterwards Sir Hugh Crofts Knight was sent to treat of a Peace with the Lacies but was unworthily slain by them After that the Lord Mortimer drew an Army together against the Lacies by which means their Goods Cattle and Treasures were all seiz'd many of their Followers cut off and they themselves drove into Conaught and ruin'd It was reported That Sir Walter Lacy went out as far as Ulster to seek Brus. Item About the feast of Pentecost the Lord Aumar Valence and his son were taken Prisoners in S. Cinere a Town in Flanders and convey'd from thence into Almain The same year on the Monday after the Nativity of S. John the Baptist a Parliament of the Nobility was held at Dublin by which the Earl of Ulster was acquitted who found Security and took his Oath to answer the King's writs and to fight against the King's Enemies both Scots and Irish Item On the feast of S. Process and Martinian Thomas Dover a resolute Pyrate was taken in a Sea-engagement by Sir John Athy and forty of his Men or thereabouts cut off his Head was brought by him to Dublin Item On the day of S. Thomas's Translation Sir Nicholas Balscot brought word from England That two Cardinals were come from the Court of Rome to conclude a Peace and that they had a Bull for excommunicating all such as should disturb or break the King's Peace Item On the Thursday next before the feast of S. Margaret Hugh and Walter Lacy were proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King for breaking out into war against his Majesty Item On the Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland march'd with his whole Army towards Drogheda At the same time the Ulster-men took a good Booty near Drogheda but the Inhabitants sallied out and retook it in this action Miles Cogan and his Brother were both slain and six other great Lords of Ulster were taken Prisoners and brought to the Castle of Dublin Afterwards Mortimer the Lord Chief Justice led his Army against O Fervill and commanded the Malpass to be cut down and all his Houses to be spoil d After this O Fervill submitted and gave Hostages Item Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice march'd towards Clony and empannell'd a Jury upon Sir John Blunt viz. White of Rathregan by this he was found guilty and was fin'd two hundred marks On Sunday after the feast of the Nativity of the blessed Marie Mortimer march'd with a great Army against the Irish of O Mayl and came to Glinsely where in a sharp Encounter many were slain on both sides but the Irish had the worst Soon after O Brynne came and submitted Whereupon Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men to Dublin-castle On S. Simon and Jude's-day the Archeboldes were permitted to enjoy the King's Peace upon the Mainprise of the Earl of Kildare At the feast of S. Hilary following a Parliament was held at Lincoln to conclude a Peace between the King the Earl of Lancaster and the Scots The Scots continued peaceable and quiet and the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster stay'd in England by the King's Order to attend that Parliament About the feast of Epiphany News came to Dublin That Hugh Canon Lord Chief Justice of the King's-bench was slain between Naas and Castle-Martin by Andrew Bermingham Item At the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary came the Pope's Bulls whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd and consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and the Bulls were read and publish'd in Trinity-church Another Bull was read at the same time for establishing a Peace for two years between the King of England and Robert Brus King of Scotland But Brus refus'd to comply with it These things were thus transacted about the feast of
and holding there could not be three persons and one God Among other tenents he asserted that the blessed Virgin our Saviour's mother was an harlot that there was no resurection that the holy Scripture was a mere fable and that the apostolical See was an imposture and a groundless usurpation Upon these Articles Duff was convicted of heresie and blasphemy and was thereupon burnt at Hoggis green near Dublin on the Monday after the octaves of Easter in the year 1328. MCCCXXVIII On Tuesday in Easter-week Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare and Chief Justice of Ireland departed this life and was succeeded in the office of Justiciary by Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmaynan The same year David O Tothil a stout rapperie and an enemy to the King who had burnt Churches and destroy'd many people was brought out of the castle of Dublin to the Toll of the City before Nicholas Fastol and Elias Ashburne Judges of the King's-Bench who sentenc'd him to be dragg'd at a horse's tail through the City to the Gallows and to be hang'd upon a Gibbet which was after executed accordingly Item In the same year the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas rais'd a great army to destroy the Bourkeyns and the Poers The same year William Lord Bourk Earl of Ulster was knighted at London on Whitsunday and the King gave him his Seigniory Item This year James Botiller married the daughter of the Earl of Hereford in England and was made Earl of Ormond being before called Earl of Tiperary The same Year a Parliament was held at Northampton where many of the English Nobility met and a peace was renew'd between the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland and confirm'd by marriages It was enacted also that the Earl of Ulster with several of the English Nobility should go to Berwick upon Tweed to see the marriage solemniz'd The same year after the solemnity of this match at Berwick was over Robert Brus King of Scots William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster the Earl of Meneteth and many other of the Scotch Nobility came very peaceably to Cragfergus whence they sent to the Justiciary of Ireland and the Council that they would meet them at Green Castle to treat about a Peace between Scotland and Ireland but the Justiciary and Council coming not accotding to the King's appointment he took his leave of the Earl of Ulster and return'd into his own Country after the Assumption of the blessed Virgin and the Earl of Ulster came to the Parliament at Dublin where he staid six days and made a great entertainment after which he went into Conaught The same year about the feast of S. Catharine the virgin the Bishop of Ossory certified to the King's Council that Sir Arnold Pour was upon divers Articles convicted before him of heresie Whereupon at the Bishop's suit Sir Arnold Poer by vertue of the King's Writ was arrested and clapt in the Castle of Dublin and a day was appointed for the Bishop's coming to Dublin in order to prosecute him but he excused himself because his enemies had way-laid him for his life So that the King's Council could not put an end to this business wherefore Sir Arnold was kept prisoner in the Castle of Dublin till the following Parliament which was in Midlent where all the Irish Nobility were present The same year Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland Lord Justice and Chancellor of Ireland was scandalized by the said Bishop for favouring heresies and for advising and abetting Sir Arnold in his heretical practice Wherefore the Frier finding himself so unworthily defamed petitioned the King's Council that he might have leave to clear himself which upon consultation they granted and caused it to be proclaim'd for three days together That if there were any person who could inform against the said Frier he should come in and prosecute him but no body came Upon which Roger the Frier procured the King 's Writ to summon the Elders of Ireland viz. the Bishops Abbots Priors and the Mayors of Dublin Cork Limerick Waterford and Drogheda also the Sheriffs and Seneschals together with the Knights of the Shires and the better sort of Free-holders to repair to Dublin out of which six were chosen to examine the cause viz. M. William Rodyard Dean of the Cathedral-Church of S. Patrick in Dublin the Abbot of S. Thomas the Abbot of S. Mary's the Prior of the Church of the holy Trinity in Dublin M. Elias Lawles and Mr. Peter Willebey who convened those who were cited and examined them all apart who deposed upon their Oaths that he was a very honest faithful and zealous embracer of the Christian Faith and would if occasion serv'd lay down his Life for it And because his vindication was so solemn he made a noble entertainment for all them who would come The same year in Lent died Sir Arnold Pouer in the Castle of Dublin and lay a long time unburied in the house of the predicant Friers MCCCXXIX After the feast of the annunciation of the bless'd Virgin Mary the Irish nobility came to the Parliament at Dublin to wit the Earl of Ulster Moris Lord Fitz Thomas the Earl of Louth William Bermingham and the rest of the Peers where was a new peace made between the Earl of Ulster and my Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and the Lords with the King's Council made an Order against riots or any other breach of the King's peace so that every Nobleman should govern within his own Seignory The Earl of Ulster made a great feast in the Castle of Dublin and the day after the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas made another in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin as did also Frier Roger Outlaw Lord Chief Justice of Ireland on the third day at Kylmaynan and after this they went all home again The same year on S. Barnaby's eve Sir John Bermingham Earl of Louth was kill'd at Balybragan in Urgale by the inhabitants and with him his own brother Peter Bermingham besides Robert Bermingham his reputed brother and Sir John Bermingham son to his brother Richard Lord of Anry William Finne Bermingham the Lord Anry's Uncle's son Simon Bermingham the aforesaid William's son Thomas Berminghan son to Robert of Conaught Peter Bermingham son to James of Conaught Henry Bermingham of Conaught and Richard Talbot of Malaghide a man of great courage besides 200 men whose names are not known After this slaughter Simon Genevils men invaded the Country of Carbry that they might by their plunder ruin the inhabitants for the thefts and murders they had so often committed in Meth but by their rising they prevented the invasion and slew 76 of the Lord Simon 's men The same year also on the day after Trinity-sunday John Gernon and his brother Roger Gernon came to Dublin in the behalf of those of Urgale that they might be tried by the Common-law And on the Tuesday after S. John's-day John and Roger hearing the Lord William Bermingham was a coming to Dublin left
his abodâ— there Item In November Walter L. Bermingham Chief Justice of Ireland and Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare took up arms againsâ— O Morda and his Accomplices who had burnt the castle of Ley and Kilmehed and invaded them so fiercely with fire sword and rapin that altho' their number amounted to many thousands and they made a resolute defence yet at last after much blood and many wounds they were forc'd to yield and so they submitted to the King's mercy and the discretion of the Earl MCCCXLVII The Earl of Kildare with his Knights and Barons set out in May to join the King of England who was then at thâ— siege of Caleys which the Inhabitants surrendred to the King oâ— England the 4th of June Item Walter Bonevile William Calf William Welesly and many other brave English Welch aad Irish Gentlemen died of thâ— Distemper which then rag'd at Caleys Item Mac-Murgh viz. Donald Mac-Murgh son to Donald Artâ— Mac-Murgh King of Leinster was most perfidiously killed by hiâ— own men on the 5th of June Item The King knighted Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare who married the daughter of Barth de Burgwashe Item On S. Stephen the Martyr's day the Irish burnt Monaghan and ruined the Country about it Item D. Joan Fitz-Leones formerly wife to Simon Lord Genevilâ— died and on the second of April was buried in the Convent-churcâ— of the Friers-Predicants at Trym MCCCXLVIII The 22d year of Edward III. a great Pestilence which had been before in other Countries got into Ireland and rag'd exceedingly Item This year Walter Lord Bermingham Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and left John Archer Prior of Kylmainan to officiate for him The same year he return'd again and had the Barony of Kenlys which lies in Ossory conferr'd upon him by the King to requite his great service in leading an Army againsâ— the Earl of Desmond with Raulf Ufford as before 't was said this Barony belong'd formerly to Eustace Lord Poer who was convicted and hang'd at the castle of the Isle MCCCXLIX Walter Lord Bermingham the best accomplish'd Justiciary that ever was in Ireland surrender'd his office and was succeeded in the same by Carew Knight and Baron MCCCL. In the 25th year of his Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight was made Lord Chief Justice of Ireland Item This year on S. Margaret the Virgin 's Eve Sir Walteâ— Bermingham Knight for some time an excellent and worthy Justiciary of this Kingdom died in England MCCCLI Died Kenwrick Sherman sometimes Mayor of the City of Dublin and was buried under the Belfrey of the Friers-Predicants which he himself had built as he had likewise glaz'd the great window at the head of the Quire and roof'd the Church among many other pious Works He died in the same convenâ— on the 6th of March and leaving an Estate to the value of three thousand marks he bequeath'd great Legacies to all the Clergy both religious and secular for within twenty miles round MCCCLII Sir Robert Savage Knight began to build several Castles in many places of Ulster and particularly in his own Mannors telling his son and heir apparent Sir Henry Savage That they would thus fortifie themselves lest the Irish should hereafter break in upon them to the utter ruin of their estate and family and to the dishonour of their name among other Nations His son answer'd That where-ever there were valiant men there were forts and castles according to that saying Filii castrametati sunt the sons are encamp'd i.e. brave men are design'd for War and that for this reason he would take care to be among such which would prove the same in effect as if he liv'd in a castle adding That he took a castle of Bones to be much better than a castle of Stones Upon this Reply his Father gave over in great vexation and swore he would never more build with stone and mortar but keep a good house and great retinue about him foretelling however That his Posterity would repent it as indeed they did for the Irish destroy'd the whole Country for want of castles to defend it MCCCLV In the 30th of the same Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight gave up his office of Chief Justice on the 26th of July the succession whereof was given to Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond in which he continued till his death Item On the conversion of S. Paul the said Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas departed this life in the castle of Dublin to the great grief of his Friends and Kindred and all others that were peaceably inclin'd First he was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants of Dublin and afterward in the Covent of the Friers-Predicants of Traly As to his character he was certainly a just Judge and stuck not at condemning even those of his own blood or family more than perfect Strangers for Theft Rapin and other Misdemeanors the Irish stood in great awe of him MCCCLVI In the 31st year of this Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby was the second time made Chief Justice of Ireland who kept the Irish in good order and paid well for the Provisions of his House saying I will eat and drink out of Wood-Vessels and yet pay both gold and silver for my food and cloths nay and for my Pensioners about me This same year the said Sir Thomas Lord Chief Justice of Ireland died in the castle of Kylka MCCCLVII In the 32d of this King's reign Sir Almarick de Saint Armund was made Chief Justice of Ireland and enter'd upon his office About this time arose a great dispute between the Lord Archbishop of Armagh Richard Fitz-Ralfe and the four orders of Friers-mendicants in conclusion the Archbishop was worsted and quieted by the Pope's authority MCCCLVIII In the 33d year of the same reign Sir Almarick Saint Amuad Chief Justice of the Kingdom went over into England MCCCLIX In the 34th year of this King's reign James Botiller Earl of Ormond was made Chief Justice of Ireland Item On S. Gregory's day this year died Joan Burk Countess of Kildare and was buried in the church of the Friers-minors in Kildare by her Husband Thomas Lord Fitz-John Earl of Kildare MCCCLX In the 35th year of this same reign died Richard Fitz-Raulf Archbishop in Hanault on the 16th of December His bones were convey'd into Ireland by the reverend Father in God Stephen Bishop of Meth and buried in S. Nicholas's church at Dundalk where he was born yet it is a question whether these were his very bones or the reliques of some one else Item This year died Sir Robert Savage of Ulster a valiant Knight who near Antrim slew in one day 3000 Irish with a small Party of English but it ought to be observ'd that before the Engagement he took care to give his men a good dose of Ale or Wine whereof it seems he had good store and reserv'd some for his Friends likewise Besides this he order'd That Sheep Oxen Venison and Fowl both wild and tame should be kill'd
and made ready to entertain the Conquerors whosoever they should be usually saying upon this occasion That it would be a shame if such Guests should come and find him unprovided It pleasing God to bless them with the Victory he invited them all to Supper to rejoice with him giving God the thanks for his success telling them He thought the things look'd as well upon his Table as running in his Fields notwithstanding some advis'd him to be saving He was buried in the Convent-church of the Friers-predicants of Coulrath near the river Banne Item The Earl of Ormond Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare was made Chief Justice of Ireland by a charter or commission after this manner Omnibus c. To all whom these Presents shall come greeting Know ye that we have committed to our faithful and loving Subject Moris Earl of Kildare the office of Chief Justice of our Kingdom of Ireland together with the Nation it self and the Castles and other Appurtenances thereunto belonging to keep and govern during our will and pleasure commanding that while he remains in the said office he shall receive the sum of five hundred pounds yearly cut of our Exchequer at Dublin Vpon which consideration he shall perform the said office and take care of the Kingdom and maintain twenty Men and Horse in arms constantly whereof himself shall be one during the enjoyment of the said commission In witness whereof c. Given at Dublin by the hands of our beloved in Christ Frier Thomas Burgey Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland our Chancellor of that Kingdom on the 30th of March being the 35th year of our reign Item James Botiller Earl of Ormond return'd to Ireland being made Lord Chief Justice as before whereupon the Earl of Kildare resign'd to him MCCCLXI Leonel son to the King of England and Earl of Ulster in right of his Wife came as the King's Lieutenant into Ireland and on the 8th of September being the Nativity of the blessed Virgin arriv'd at Dublin with his Wife Elizabeth the Daughter and Heir of William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster Another Pestilence happen'd this year There died in England Henry Duke of Lancaster the Earl of March and the Earl of Northampton Item On the 6th of January Moris Doncref a Citizen of Dublin was buried in the Church-yard of the Friers-predicants in this City having contributed 40 l. towards glazing the Church of that Convent Item There died this year Joan Fleming wife to Geffery Lord Trevers and Margaret Bermingham wife to Robert Lord Preston on S. Margaret's eve and were buried in the Church of the Friers-predicants of Tredagh Item Walter Lord Bermingham the younger died on S. Lawrence-day who left his Estate to be divided among his Sisters one of whose Shares came to the aforesaid Preston Item Leonel having arriv'd in Ireland and refresh'd himself for some few days enter'd into a War with O Brynne and made Proclamation in his Army That no Irish should be suffer'd to come near his Army One hundred of his own Pensioners were slain Leonel hereupon drew up both the English and the Irish into one body went on successfully and by God's mercy and this means grew victorious in all places against the Irish Among many both English and Irish whom he knighted were these Robert Preston Robert Holiwood Thomas Talbot Walter Cusacke James de la Hide John Ash and Patrick and Robert Ash Item He remov'd the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlagh and gave 500 l. towards walling the Town Item On the feast of S. Maur Abbot there happen'd a violent Wind that shook or blew down the Pinnacles Battlements Chimnies and such other Buildings as overtop'd the rest to be particular it blew down very many Trees and some Steeples for instance the Steeple of the Friers-predicants MCCCLXII In the 36th year of this King's reign and on the 8th of April S. Patrick's church in Dublin was burnt down through negligence MCCCLXIV In the 38th year of this reign Leonel Earl of Ulster arriv'd on the 22d of April in England leaving the Earl of Ormond to administer as his Deputy On the 8th of December following he return'd again MCCCLXV In the 39th of this reign Leonel Duke of Clarence went again into England leaving Sir Thomas Dale Knight Deputy-keeper and Chief Justice in his absencc MCCCLXVII A great feud arose between the Berminghams of Carbry and the People of Meth occasion'd by the depredations they had made in that Country Sir Robert Preston Knight Chief Baron of the Exchequer put a good Garrison into Carbry-castle and laid out a great deal of mony against the King's Enemies that he might be able to defend what he held in his Wife 's right Item Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond was made Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCLXVIII In the 42d year of the same reign after a Parliament of the English and Irish Frier Thomas Burley Prior of Kylmaynon the King's Chancellor in Ireland John Fitz-Reicher Sheriff of Meth Sir Robert Tirill Baron of Castle-knoke and many more were taken Prisoners at Carbry by the Berminghams and others of that Town James Bermingham who was then kept in Irons as a Traytor in the castle of Trim was set at liberty in exchange for the Chancellor the rest were forc'd to ransom themselves Item The Church of S. Maries in Trim was burnt down by the negligent keeping of the fire in the monastery Item On the vigil of S. Luke the Evangelist Leonel Duke of Clarence died at Albe in Pyemont He was first buried in the city Papy near S. Augustin and afterwards in the Convent-church of the Austin Fryers at Clare in England MCCCLXIX In the 43d year cf this reign Sir Willium Windefore Knight a Person of great valour and courage being made the King's Deputy came into Ireland on the 12th of July to whom Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond resign'd the office of Chief Justice MCCCLXX In the 44th year of this reign a Pestilence rag'd in Ireland more violent than either of the former two many of the Nobility and Gentry as also Citizens and Children innumerable died of it The same year Gerald Fitz-Maurice Earl of Desmond John Lord Nicholas Thomas Lord Fitz-John and many others of the Nobility were taken Prisoners on the 6th of July near the Monastery of Magie in the County of Limerick by O-Breen and Mac Comar of Thomond many were slain in the Fray Whereupon the Lieutenant went over to Limerick in order to defend Mounster leaving the War against the O-Tothiles and the rest in Leinster till some other opportunity This year died Robert Lord Terell Baron of Castle Knock together with his son and heir and his Wife Scolastica Houth so that the Inheritance was shared between Joan and Maud the sisters of the said Robert Terell Item Simon Lord Fleming Baron of Slane John Lord Cusak Baron of Colmolyn and John Taylor late mayor of Dublin a very
and after all kill'd both him and his brother Richard The same year on the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross Stephen Scroop deputy Lieutenant to the King's son Thomas accompanied with the Earls of Ormond and Desmond the Prior of Kilmainan and many others out of Meth march'd out of Dublin and invaded the territories of Mac Murgh upon engaging the Irish had at first the better but they were at last beat back by the bravery of these commanders O Nolam with his son and others were taken prisoners But upon the sudden news that the Bourkeins and O Kerol had continued for two days together doing mischief in the County of Kilkenny they went immediately in all haste to the village of Callan surpriz'd them and put them to flight O Kerol and 800 more were cut off in this action Stephen Scroop went into England this year and James Botiller Earl of Ormond was by the Country elected Chief Justice MCCCCVIII The said Chief Justice held a Parliament at Dublin which confirm'd the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and a Charter was granted under the great seal of England against Purveyors The very day after the feast of S. Peter ad vincula this year Thomas Lord of Lancaster the King's son arriv'd as Lieutenant Deputy at Carlingford in Ireland from whence he came next week to Dublin As the Earl of Kildare went to welcom him he was arrested with three more of his retinue His Goods were all sharped away by the Lord Deputy's servants and he himself imprison'd till he paid a fine of 300 marks On S. Marcellus's day the same year died Stephen Lord Scroop at Tristeldermot Thomas of Lancaster was this year wounded at Kilmainan and that so very ill that he almost died After his recovery he made Proclamation That all that were inbebted to the King upon the account of Tenure should make their appearance at Rosse After S. Hilary he call'd a Parliament at Kilkenny for having Tallage granted him On the third before the Ides of March he went into England leaving the Prior of Kilmainon to officiate in his absence This year Hugh Mac-Gilmory was slain at Cragfergus in the church of the Friers-minors which he had formerly destroyd and broke the Windows thereof for the sake purely of the Iron-bars which happen'd to give his Enemies viz. the Savages admittance MCCCCIX In the 10th year of the reign of King Henry 80 of the Irish were in June cut off by the English under the conduct of Janico of Artoys in Ulster MCCCCX On the 13th of June a Parliament was held at Dublin which continued sitting for three Weeks the Prior of Kilmainan being Deputy for the Chief Justice The same year on the 10th of July the said Justice began to build Mibrackly-castle de O Feroll and built De la Mare also There was great scarcity of corn this year The same year the Chief Justice invaded the Territory of O-Brin at the head of fifteen hundred Kerns of whom eight hundred deserted and went over to the Irish so that if the People of Dublin had not been there there would have been much more woe and misery however John Derpatrick lost his life MCCCCXII About the feast of Tiburce and Valerian O-Conghir did much harm to the Irish in Meth and took above 160 Prisoners The same year O-Doles a Knight and Thomas son of Moris Sheriff of Limerick kill'd each other On the 9th of June this year died Robert Monteyn Bishop of Meth succeeded by Edward Dandisey formerly Arch-deacon of Cornwall MCCCCXIII On the 7th of October John Stanley the King's Lieutenant in Ireland arriv'd at Cloucarfe and on the 6th of January died at Aterith The same year after the death of John Stanley Lord Lieutenant Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin was elected Chief Justice of Ireland on the 11th of February Another Parliament was held at Dublin on the morrow of S. Matthias the Apostle which continued sitting for 15 days during which time the Irish set many Towns on fire as they us'd to do in Parliament-times upon which a Tallage was demanded but not granted MCCCCXIV The O-Mordries and O-Dempsies Irish were cut off by the English near Kilda as the Chief Justice Archbishop of Dublin went in Procession at Tristildermot praying with his Clerks at which time 100 Irish were likewise routed by his Servants and others their Country-men Upon the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus the English of Meth were defeated Thomas Maurevard Baron of Scrin and many others were slain and Christopher Fleming and John Dardis were taken Prisoners by O-Conghir and the Irish On S. Martin's-eve John Talbot Lord Furnival being made Lieutenant of Ireland arriv'd at Dalkay MCCCCXV Robert Talbot a Nobleman who wall'd the Suburbs of Kilkenny died in November this year Item After All Saints died Frier Patrick Baret Bishop of Ferne and Canon of Kenly where he was buried MCCCCXVI On the Feast-day of Gervasius and Prothasius the L. Furnival had a son born at Finglas About this time the reverend Stephen Fleming Archbishop of Armagh departed this life and was succeeded by John Suanig At the same time the Bishop of Ardachad died likewise viz. Frier Adam Lyns of the order of Friers-predicants Item On S. Laurence-day died Thomas Talbot son of the Lord Furnival lately born at Finglas and was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants at Dublin within the Convent A Parliament was held at Dublin during which the Irish fell upon the English and slew many of them and among the rest Thomas Balimore of Baliquelan This Session continued here for six Weeks and then adjourned till the 11th of May at Trym where it sate for eleven days and granted a Subsidy of four hundred Marks to the Lieutenant MCCCCXVII On the eve of Philip and Jacob Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin went over into England and died at Farindon and was buried in New-colledge in Oxford a Person very liberal and charitable a great Clerk Doctor of Divinity an excellent Preacher a great Builder Beautiful and of a fair Complexion but withal sanguine and tall so that it might be well said of him Fair art thou and good-like above the sons of Men Grace and Eloquence are seated in thy Lips He was eighty years old and govern'd the See of Dublin peaceably for almost 20 years together MCCCCXVIII The feast of the Annunciation happen'd this year on Good Friday immediately after Easter the Tenants of Henry Crus and Henry Bethat were plunder'd by the Lord Deputy Item On S. John and S. Paul's day the Earl of Kildare Sir Christopher Preston and Sir John Bedleu were taken at Slane and committed to Trym-castle who had a mind to talk with the Prior of Kilmainan On the 4th of August died Sir Matthew Husee Baron of Galtrim and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants at Trym MCCCCXIX On the 11th of May died Edmund Brel formerly Mayor of Dublin and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants in the same
Burthred 482 491. Burton 434 448 473 533 728 740. Burnwel 353. Burwell 408. Busby 487 707. Bushbury 538. Busseys 465. Bustlers 406. Busy-gap 848. Buth 914. Buthe 1069. Butterby 776. Butiphant 980. Butler 100 239 243 294 296 319 342 346 454 503 543 545 593 594 789 793 983 984 988. Buttermeer 803. Buttevillein 437. Buttington 651. Buxton 494. Bwlch 645. Bwrdh Arth. 628. By Bye and Byan their Signification 397 472 511. Bygon 217. By-Laws what they signifie 397. Byrth-over 498. Byrdhyn fl 593. Byrig its signification 91. Byrks 724. Byrons 481. Byrsa 472. C. CAdbury 59. North 59 78. Cadells 998. Cadir 919. Cadleys 996. St. Cadoc ap Gwyelliw 691. Cadvan a British King 691. Cadwalla 709 725 853 854. Cadwellon 691. De Cadurcis or Chaworth 62. Sibylla 93. Coeling 8. Caer 30 603 654 689. Caer-Caradock 54â— 551. Caer-diff â—09 610. Caer-guid 899. Caer-hendinas 549 554. Caer-Laverock 907. â—aerliph Will. 272. â—â—er-mardhin 622 630. â—aer-narvon 665 666 673. â—aer-Palladur 70. Caer-vorran 793 807 848 869. Caesar-Augusta 343. Caesarea or Cherburg 343. Caesar 's Hill 181. Altar 205. Caesar Julius 155 172 187 188 197 199 120 203 204 205 213 221. Vid. Julius â—AESAROMAGVS 342 343 155 357. Caesars who call'd clxxii Cahaignes 280. Cahans 1018. Caâ—are 995. Cainc what 185 186. Cainsham 67 72 76 82. Caishoe Hundred 296. Caishobery 302. Cains John 404 413. Caius a famous Roman 656. Caius Bericus 347. Calais 208 209 777. CALATERIVM NEMVS 755. Calc what 714. CALCARIA 714 715. Caldecoâ— 597 714 732. Calder riv 707. Cadley 1049. Caldstream 901. Caldwell 762. Calebeg 1021. Caledon 506. CALEDONIA 925 926 935. CALEDONII 986. Caligula xliv 308. Callan riv 988. Callan town ib. Callidromos 235. Callipolis 235. Callistratia 235. Caln 87 102. Calphurnius 631. Calshot-castle 116 131. Calthrops 371. Caltosts a Family 484. Calves-heath 537. Caly 384. Cam xxiv Cam 236 403. Cam what in Danish 11. what 〈◊〉 British 403. Camalet 58 76 77. Câ—naâ—â—c 575. CAMALODVNVM xlv xlvi lii c. 347 357 706. Cambeck 835 839. Cambell 914 943. CAMBODVNVM 709 711 727. CAMBORITVM 403 404. Cambria xi 573. Cambridge in Glocestershire 236. Cambridge 404 c. Camden a Town 238 239. Viscount of ib. Camels 155. Camel riv 11 403. Camelet West 59. East ib. Camelford 11. Camelot 921 957. Camera Dianae 315 330 331. Camois Barons 172. John ib. Campbell-town 952. Camvils 506. Camulus 348. Camus 's Cross 953. Cancfield 796. Candida casa 910. Candish or Cavendish Will. 491. Candorus 14. Canford 50. CANGANI 185 186. CANGI 67 75 76 77 377 564. Cank or Canock-wood 531 532 556. Canninges 77. Cannings Hundr 67 75 77. Cannington 67 75 77. Canole-coal 771. CANONIVM 346. Canons Resident 92. Cantaber 404. Cantabri 977. Cantire 931. Cantlows 61 172 437 592 598. Cantelupo Geo. de 28 526. Tho. 576. Nich. 469. Canterbury 296 c. Hubert Archb. of 98. 354. Archbishops Primatâ—s of all England 720. CANTIVM 185. CANTIVM Proâ— 203. Cantrev-bychan 589 622. Cantrev-mewr 622. Canvey Island 341. Canvils 439. Canute 40 121 159 203 234 246 316 328 368 468 772 774. Capel-King 630. Capellar-hill 581. Capel-Shnan 635. Capels 359. Caracalla 785 Caradauc Urichfâ—aâ— 541. Caradocks 60. Caratacus xlvii 307 347 541 641 643. Carausius lxxiii 284 312. CARBANTORIGVM 907. Carbray 979. Cardigan 642. Cardines 909. Careg-cowse 6 20. Caren what 20. Carentocus 58. Carenton ibid. Caresbrook-castle 128 134. Caresdike 475. Careswell 534. Carew-castle 630. Carew Rich. 10 16. George Lord 39. Sir George 903. Geo. Dean 39. Sir Francis 159. Nich. Bar 31 159. John 177. Thomas 978. George 980. Nich. 987. Peter 988. Carews 29 141 159 630 987. Careâ—s 513 610. Cargaâ—l 7. Caâ—house 724. Carick Mac-Griffin 984. Carigfergus 1016. Carion 186. CARINI 947 Carleton 384 396 443 449. George 369. Ralph de 384 396. Carlingford 1009. Carlisle 833. â—4 Carmelites first in England 860. Carminows 7. Carn what 18 77. Carnabies 855. Carn-brag ibid. Carn chy ibid. Carn innis ibid. Carn-margh ibid. Carn-ulac ibid. Carnon of Carna 17. Carpenter John 248. Car Sir Rob. 85. Carrs 862. Car Riv. 43. Carram 861. Carre T. 74. Carreck 992. Carrict 911. Carriden 899. Corrocium 756. De Carss 923. Carthage 30. Carthaginians never in Britain cix Carth-cart riv 908. Cartismandun xxx 347 541 703 704. Cartmel 795. Cartwright Jo. 512. Carvilius 186. Carvils a Fam. 392. Carus and Carinus lxxiii Carys 29 41 302. Cary Sir Henr. 296 319. Sir Edw. 302. George Baron 319. Cary-castle 61. Cary-Lites ibid. Cashalton 158. Caslys 528. Cassandra 367. CASSII 277 278 295. Cassibelin's Town 296. Cassil 983. Cassibelaunus 277 278 368. CASSITERIDES 1111. Cassivelannus Longimanus 678. De Castel a Frenchman 29 45. Caster 424 435. Casterley 111. Castilion Joh. Baptâ— 141. Castle-Ashby 434. Castle-cary 56 61 712. Castle-croft 530. Castle-dun 916. Castleford 711 749. Castelhpain 585. Castelham 591. Castelh Colwen 585. Castle conel 984. Castelh-corndochen 663. Castle-comb 87. Castle-danis 11. Castle-dinas 590. Castleden 498. Castlegarde 28 34 205. Castle-green 48. Castle-hill 54 510 538. Castle-how 811. Castle-knock 993. Castle in the Peak 495. Castle-martin 990. Castle-mill 290. Castle-park 580. Castelh-prysor 663. Castle-ruff 219. Castle-steeds 835 839 855. Castle-thorp 285. Castles in England 862. Ireland 1020. Castleford Tho. de 729. CASTRA CONSTANTIA 1107. Castor 385 388 396 471. CASTRA ALATA 897. CASTRA EXPLORATORVM 841. Catabathmos 231 232. Catapultae 672. CATARRATCONIVM 761. Caterlogh 988. Catesby 432 520. Catarick 761 767 768. Catharin Daughter of W. Herbert 214 Widow of Th. Lord Berkley 249. Wife of Henry V. 318. Wife of Henry VIII 437. Dutchess of Suffolk 479. Wife of John Talbot 549. S. Catharine's Well 905. Cathbregion 59. Catigern 193. Cathness Earl of 947. CATINI ibid Catlidge 408 415. Catmose vale 455. Catteshul 154. CATTI 277. CATTIEVCHLANI 277 278 307 566. Catti-hill 537. Cattimarus 277. Cattle the Riches of Ireland 985. Cattle-stealers 908. CATVELLANI 231. CATVRACTONIVM 761 767. Catus Decianus 365 Caude 833 Caudebeck ibid. Caves Family 439. Cavels 12. Cavenaughs 988 992. Cavendishes 36 872. Cavendish Will. 493 711. Caverns 342 622 623. Caversfield 284. Caversham 281. Caun 77. Caurse-castle 543. Cauzes 484. Cawood 722. Caxton 403. Cay-hill 89. Ceada 341 344. S. Ceada see Chad. Ceadwalla see Cadwalla Ceaster 193. Ceaulin 70 85 100 111 159 238 240 266. Cecil Rob. 51 456. de Fortibus 61. Sir Tho. 159. Tho. Earl 442. William Lord 126 296 305 438 442 463 476 574. Cecils 32 94 107 760. Cecil Daughter to W. Baron Bonevil 33 67. Daughter to Jordan Fitz-Stephens 29. Countess of Oxon 319. Wife to J. Bourchier 62. Daughter of Hugh d'Albeney 668. Cedda 373. Cedwalla 117 129 168. Celd 217. Celibacy first enjoyn'd Priests 27 519 547. CELNIVS fluv CELTAE xii xv xvii xxi xxiii Celtiberians 185 186. Celurca 938. CENIMAGNI 77 365 365 395. CENIO 7. CENIONIS ostium ibid. Ceol 111. Ceolfrid 784. Cerdick 100 114 129 280 389. Cerdickford 114. Cerdicksand 389. Ceremonies at the investiture of the Princes of Wales 695 696. at the
Frith 896. Ederington 173. Edeva 372. Edgar an Officiary Earl of Oxford 267. King Edgar 49 53 66 71 8â— 102 117 138 558 655. Edgcombs 10. Edgcomb Peter 28. Edgcot 279. Edghill 499 509. Edgworth 302 309 326. Edgware 306. Edilfred King of Northumberland 556. Edilwalcâ— 123 129 168 180. Edindon 88. Edindon Will. de 88. Editha 90 269 529. Edmonton 325. Edmund Ironside 48 63 217 234 246 310 327 343 468. Edmund Son to Henry 7 76. King Edmund kill'd 238. St. Edmund 365 368 375 379 384 398 399 477. St. Edmund 's Ditches â—08 Promontoâ—y 390 398. Edmund of Woodstock 213 4â—3 Edmund of Langley 302 412 434 757. Edmund Earl of Lancaster 317 319. Edmund Crouchback 450. Edmunds Hen. 728. S. Edmundsbury 368. Edred 196. EDRI 1050. Edrick Duke of Mercia 93. Edrick Sueona 546. Edrick Streona 239. Edrick Sylvaticus 586. Edward Son to King Alfred 349. K. Edward murder'd by Aelfrith 45. Edward the Elder 68 238 281 282 286 365 529. Edward the Confessor 44 52 145 256 318 339 342. Edward I. 318 650 665 695. Edward II. 53 236 237 246 247. Edward III. 145 156 318 695. Edward IV. 256 270 370 430 435 758. Edward V. 332 333. Edward VI. 214 318 696. Edward the Black Prince 15 198 302 695. Edward Son of Henry III. 236. Edward Son of Richard II 696. Edward Son of Henry VI. 234 696. Edward Son of George Duke of Clarence 507 508. Edward Son of Edmund Langley 412 757. Edwardeston 371. K. Edwn 156. Edwin a Saxon Potentate 578. Edwin expos'd to Sea in a small Shiff 47. Edwin a Dane 391 399. Edwin Earl of Richmond 757. Edwin Earl of Mercia 526. Edwin first Christian King of Northumberland 711 719 725 736. Effingham 156. Egbert Archbishop of York 719. Egbert King of the West-Saxons 13 99 106 307 308. Egbert King of Kent 201 221 222. Egelred Archbishop of York 721. Egelrick Abbot 462 778. Egelward 521. Egerton Tho. Lord Chancellor 550. Egertons a Family 557 560. Earls of Bridgwater 78. Egfrid the Northumbrian 558 755 772 779 780 784 795. Egga Earl of Lincoln 474. Egremond Joh 756. Eglwys Abernoâ— 641. Eglesfield Robert 273. Egleston 773. Eglington-castle and Family 914. Egremont 821. Egwine Bishop 521. Ehed in Welsh 587. Eight an Island 234. Eike 365. Eilrick 865. Eimot 808 817. Eira 952. Eire Simon 323. Ela Count. of Sarum 88 93. Elaia 597. Eland 708. Eldad Bish of Glouc. 247. Elden-hole or Eden-hole 495 498. Edol E. of Gloucester 251. K. Eldred 762 768. Eleanor Sister to Henry III. 504. Wife to Edward I. 18â— 279 282 285 289 305 308 320 321 325 434 469. Wife to Henry III. 97 109 317. Daughter of William Molineâ— 141. â—â—fe to James Earl of Abingdon 104 275. Daughter of Humph Bohun 319 580. Daughter of Tho. Holland 6â—2 ELECTRIDA 1103. Edenburrow 824. Elephants xlv their Bones 347. Elesford 194. Elentherius Bish of Winchester 86. Eâ—â—giva 48. Elford 537. Elfwold 796 853. Elfrick Archb. 110. Elgina 943 955. Eâ—â—am 200. Eligug 640. Elingdon 106. Eâ—â—iot Sir Th. 97. Q. Elizabeth 100 148 152 177 189 192 214 318 342 696 773. Elizabeth Daughter of Baron Marney 45. Daughter of Sir J. Moigne 47 48. Wife of W. Montacute 58. Sister of J. Grey 139. Countess of Guildford 161. Countess of Winchelsea 82 317. Daughter of Henr. Stafford 180. Daughter of the Duke of Norfork 18â— Lady Dacres 219. Wife of Henry VII 3â—8 Daughter of the Earl of Rutland 319. Princess of Orange 333. Daughter of W. de Burgo â—â—0 Wife to K. Edw. IV. 413. Ella 420. Ellandunum 90. Ellan u ' Frugadory 1019. Ellenhall 531 538. Ellesmer 550. Ellestre 302 305. Ellingham 131. Ellis Tho. 724. Sir William 478. Elmesley 754. Elmet 711. Elmham 374. 393 401. Elmley-castle 520. Elmore 235. Elphege 80. Elphingston a Barony 922. William 940. Elrich-road 462. Elsing 393. Elstow 287. Eltesley 403 420. Eltham 189. John de 15 22 319 506. Elton 424 430. Elwy-river 687. Ely 408. Emeline Daughter of Ursus D'Abtot 520 522. Emely 983. Emildon 860. Emlin 624 626. Emma 44. Enderbies 288. Enermeve Hugh 463. Enfield 325 326. Engains 438 471. Engerstan 342 346. England and English cxxxiii cxxxiv. English-men Guardâ— to the Emperor of Constantinople clxiiii Eniawn 586. Enion Brhenon 691. Enion of Kadivor 609. Eniscort 992. Ensham 254. Entweissel 787. Enzie 955. Eohric 408. Eoldermen clxxii Eoster cxxx Eoves 521. EPIDIUM 1071. EPIDII 925 931. Episcopal Seeâ— translated out of Towns into Cities 168 533. Epiton 175. Epping-forest 355. Epsom 165. Equiso clxix Equites clxxix Eraugh 977. Erchenwald 153 34â— Erdburrow 448. Erdeswicks 531. ERDINI 1009. Erdsley 577. Eresby 47â— 478. Ereskins 922. Ereskin John 942. Thomas 896. Erghum Ralph 79. Eridge 179. S. Erkenwald 315. Ermingard 281. Erming-street 403 424. Ern riv 929. Erwash riv 484 492. Eryth 409. Erytheia 455. Erwr Porth 654. Eschallers Steph. de 4â—3 Escourt 111. Escricke 721 736. Escroin 111. Esk riv 834 897. Eskilling 54. Eslington 859. Espec Walter 735 754. Esquires clxxxiâ— Essedae xxxiii xli Essenden 456. Essex family 142 342. William de ibid. Swaine de 341. Henry de â—43 Essex County 339. Essengraves 200. Eston 345. Estotevills 463 715 754 756 834. Estotevill Robert 738. Esturmy a family 97. Etat 862. Ethelardus 512. Ethelbald King of the Mercians 460. Ethelbert first christian King of the Saxons 344. King of the East-angles 371 576 578. Ethelbury-hill 579. S. Ethelreda 409. Ethelreda 367. Etheldred King 49 61 62 117 156 774 803. Ethelfeda 235 445 492 50â— 511 529 537 538 551 54â— 558 560 563 590. Ethelhelm 100. Ethelwald Clito 86. Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester 410 41â— K. Ethelwolph 142 155. Ethered 485. ETOCETVM 550 534 537. Eva Q. of the Mercians 235. Eubaea 207. Eubo 956. Eudo 28 351 437 443 470 471. Evershot 45. Evell 58. Evelmouth 62. Evelins 164 214. Evelin Sir John 107. George â—6â— 164. John 2â—4 Evenlode riv 254. Evereux Walter de 93. Everinghams 483. Everley 97 110. Evers 754 775 859. Eversdon 2â—3 Evesham 521. Eugenius K. of Cumberland 861. Euguinum 792. EYAIMENON GABRANTOVICORVM 740. Eumer 736. Eure 729 283. Eure a family 279 753. Eusdale 906. Eustace 196. Eustachius 754. Euston 380. Ewe in Noâ—mandy 177 191 707. Ewell 217. Ewelme 266. Ewias a family 85 574 578. Ewias Robert Earl of 575. Ewias mountains 589. Ewias 595. Ex riv 29. Exanmouth 32. Exchequer clxv Exeter 30. Earls of 791. Ex Island 31 32. Exminster 32. Exmore 29. EXTENSIO 374. Exton 423. Eya 345. Eymouth 901. Eysteney 374. Eynsham 479. Eythorp 280. F. FABARIA 1104. Fair foreland 1020. Fairfax Tho. Lord 736. Tho. 734. Samuel 512. Henry 732. a noble family 708 755. Fairford 235 250. Fairley 237. Fair Isle 1073. Fakenham 386. Falcons 632. Falkirk 926. Falkland 928. Falkesley 529 530. Falmouth 7. Falstoff Sir John 388. Fane le despenser 191 192. Fanellham 399. Fare what 537. Farendon 137. Fariemeiol 238. Farle 108. Farley castle 69 105. Tho. 235. Farmers 430. Farmington 249. Farn Island 1103.
Farnham 154. Fast castle â—95 Fauburn 358. Fauconberge H. 484. De Fauconberge 740 75â— 774. Faustus 610. Fawesbey 432. H. de 432. Fawey fl 8. Fax what 708 755. A Faxed star what 755. Feckenham forest 518. Feldings 444. Feldon 499 509. Fell John Bish 274. Fells what 809. Felton 286. Fenn-Ditton 40â— Fenten-Gollan 7 8. Fenwick-hall 855. Ferbille 988. Fergus 1015. L. of Galloway 911. Feringham 181. Fermanagh 1009. Fermoy Vicount 980. Ferndown 51. Vrns there found ibid. Ferneby 777 801. Fernham-Royal 279. S. Genovesae 369. Fernles 546. Fernes 992. Fernham Nic. 777. Fernhersts 894. De Ferrariis 38 446 455 532 533 534 535 789. W. de 122 496. Hen. de 376. Walkelin de 457. Rob. de 483 486 493 496 504 535. Ferrars of Grooby 446 529 577. Chartley 532 557. Ousley 503 545. Badsley 5â—6 Rob. de 507. Ferrars 302 434 510 520 796. Fert W. de la 62. Fertulogh 998. Festineag 656 661 678. Fetherston 537 847. Fetherstonhaugh 487. Fettiplace a noble family 57 1â—8 139. Feudatory Lords clxi Feversham 195 1â—20 Fewes 1011. Fibulae 1086. Fidentes a Roman Coâ—â—rt 201. Fieldings Earl of Denby 686. Fienes Barons of Dacre â—â— 761. Ingelram de ibid. Sir Will. 189. Fienes 256. James Lord Say and Seal 255 256. Earls of Lincoln 474 481. Fiennes 175 193 859. Fiery Meteors 660 661. Fife 927 949. Earls 930. Fif-ness 927. Fif-burgingi 865. File what 793 941. Filey 742. Filliol 52. Finborrow 560. Finches 196. Earls of Nottingham 4â—0 Earls of Winchelsea 182. Viscounts Maidstone 217. Finchale 778 783. Finchingfield 357. Findon 181. Fingall 996. Fingre Manour 408. Finisheved Monastery 438. Finnerim-Castle 938. Fipenny-Okford 54. Fire us'd in the Manuring of 〈◊〉 408 480. Firn what 668. Firr-trees 789 801 884. Fiscard 632 633. Fishacre Sir Peter 39. Fishes dug up 750 801. Fâ—â—ipole streeâ— 99. Fittons 563 565. Fits Alans 541 546 548. E. of Arundel 158 170 171 180 340 682. Brian 762. Fitz Anthony 988. Auchers 34. Will. 167. Ausculph W. 526 528 535. Bernards 200. Charles 38. Count Brient â—50 598 6â—4 Eustach 712 990. Eustace Will. 242. Gerold Warine 256. Geralds Earls 147. Gilbert Maur. 345. Rob. 345 346. Giralds 978 983 984 989 1021. Hamon Rob. 50 74 194 234 242 609 610 613. Harding â—ob 74. Harris 992. Herbert Ant. 491. Herberts 172 233 491. Peter 590. Hugh 761 557 565. Lewis 343. Moris 984. Osberts 376. Osborn W. 575 578 597. Otes 290. Otho 373. Payne Barons 49. Parnel 449. Patrick 987. Petre 353. Peters Earls of Essex 97. Ranulph 385. Ralph 760. Reginald 172. Robert 279 283 384. Richard 527. Roy 134 486 766 180 380 610. Stephens 99â— Jordan 29 Ralph 103. Robert 642. Tankred R. 631. Tees 294. Walter Gir. 141. Walters 180 313 346 370. Earl of Hereford 578. Warrens 33 35 139 142 549. Foulk 139 549. Williams Earl of Southampton 128 â—72 Williams 996. Fladbury 521. Flamborough 741. Head ibid. Flamsted 301. John 215. Flanders E. of 212 401. Flatholm 1049. FLAVIA CAESARIENSIS clxiv 379. Flavius Sanctus 6â—0 Posthumius Varus 600. Flawford 488. Fleet 313. Flegg 383 397. Fleming R. 261. Flemings 614 796 802 803 804 811. John 610. Barons 921. J. Earl of Wigton 910 922. Flams-burg 741. Flams-dyet 407. Flamston 614. Fletcher 821. Sir Geo. 843. Flint-castle 688. FLINTSHIRE 687 689 690. Flitcham 401. Flixton 375 742. Floating-Island 917. Floddon 394 862. Florence Mac-Carti â—77 Floteâ— what 548 552. Flower 8 733. Fluentium 233. Fluores what 494. Felix Bishop 374 375 391 399 401 410. Fogg Sir R. 196. Foix 805. Foleys 528. Tho 523. Follambs 493. Folkinghams 464. Folkstone 209. Folliots 393 431 518. Font made of Touch-stone 98. a brazen one 300 395. Forbois 939. Ford-Abby 33 40. Ford-castle 862. Ford-Helen 661. Fordie 200. Forden 940. Fordsards 735. Fore-house Hundr 396. Foreign-troops 501. The Foreland of Kent 203. Forest what 149. For-far 937 952. Forlongs 992. Formeby 801. Forneauxs 761. Forness 795 796 802 803 805. Forres 943. Fort del Ore 977. Forts de 742. Fortescue Sir John 38 281 315 316. Sir Adrian 266. of Wimpston 38. Forth or Frith 896. De Fortibus W. 36 466. Cecil 61. Avelina 319. Fortnight what 379. Fortunate Islands iv Fortune 800. Foss-dike Linc. 467. Way lxvi 101 240 444 446 447 485 500 509 511. River at York 717. Fossards 735. Fossilshells 693. Forster 848. Fosters 142. Sir John 854 142. Fotheringhay-castle 434. Fouldon 901. Foulis Lordship 937. Foulness 344. Foulness fl 737. Foulney 802 803. Fourmanteen 953. Four-foot what 201. Four-shire stone 268. Fowlers 263. Fox Sir Stephen 108. Richard 120 262 274 467. John 479. Foxcroft John of Wiverby Leic. 486 c. Foy 8. Foymore what 3. Framlingham-castle 373. Francerius Falk 312. Frances Niece to H. 8. 52. Wife of R. Earl of Dorset 56 335. Kitson 71. Egerton 495 497. Matthews 734. Frankley 517. Franks where slain 312. Franks xxviii xxix lxxxiii lxxxiv cxxix Frasers 946. Fraumouth 45. Frederick I. Emp. 302. Freedstool what 738 743. Freke Tho. 49. Fremantle 125. Fremundus 499 500. Frene Sir H. 473. Fresburne Ralph 872. Fresh-water tile 128. Fresil 369. Freston Priory 462. Frevils 373 403 504 529. Frewald 280. Fricco cxxx Friday why so call'd cxxx Fridiswide 253. S. Frideswide 257. 's Monastery 261 271 274. Frier-inge 346 Fripps-bury 106. Frisburn R. 218. Frismerk 747. Frithwald 153. Frodesham-castle 563. Frome fl 45 69. Selwood 69. gate 4. Frompton 46. Froshwell 344. Frowcester 2 6. Frowen-choale 207. Frowick 304. Frugality 789. Fulburn 407. Fulcher 491. Fulco de Bampton 35. Fulkam 310 327. Fulmer 407. Furle 174. Furnivals Barons 279 485 534 577 of Sheffield 295 706. Furrey â—99 Fursam-castle 754. Fursaeus 376. Fusii for Furii 1. Fynons 657 668 691 692. G GABRANTOVICI 740. GABROSENTVM 779 856. GADENI 890 894 899 924 925. Gael what 909. y Gaer 593. Gaer Vecham 653. Gaffelford 11. Gaffran what 741. Gages 174 211. Gainesburrow 472 479. Edw. Earl of 121. The Gair 551. Gair Sir Robert 275. Gaithelus cxiv GALENA 807. Galfridus Arthurius 596 603 966 Galgacus lx 926. Galla what 473. Gallaeci xxv GALLAGUM 807. GALLANA 848. Gallatia xxvi xxix GALLENA 140. Gallienus Emp. lxxii Galloglasses 1004. Gallovidia 307. Galloway 909 1001. Princes and Lords of 912. Gallowdale 480. Galtres-forest 755. Galtrim 997. C. Gallus where slain 312. Gam Sir David 591 592. Gamages 611. Gambold W. 639. Gamell 738. Gamellus 715. Gamlinghay 403. GANGANI 999. Ganoc-Castle 666. Ganodurum 43. Gaoithel cxv cxvii Gaothela 956. Gardeen Dr J. 618 636 637. Gargraves 707. GARIANONUM 376 388 389. GARIENIS fl 376 384 389. Garioch 953. Garnet and Oldcorn Jesuits by whom taken 521 522. Garnsey 1108 Garthum 738. Garvies 998. Garvord 984. Gascoyns 714 731. Gasteneys 490. Gaswood 400 Gateshead 779 856. Gattons 154 155 187 213. Gavel-kind 182 763. Gaveston Pet. 15. by whom beheaded 502. Gaunless 775. Gaunt G. de 462 461 470 474. Sir Henry 74 John of 295 315 450 798 810. Gaunts 464 465. GAUSENNAE 458 464. Gawdy Sir Tho. 388.
Hales-Abby 14 239 349. Alex. de 239 249. Halesworth 375. Haliburton 896 900. Halifax 708 709 726 727. Earl and Marquess of 7â—â— its Laws 725 726. Haling 159. Island 123. Haliwerke-folks 772. Hall 8. Halles-hall 388. Halling 193. 219. Halmeston 60. Halremprise-Priory 746. Halton Dr. Timoth. 273. Halton 14. Halton-hall 855. Halyston 859. Ham what 400. Hamble fl 122. Hamdens 279. Hameldon-hill 49. Hamelin 161. Hamiltons 416 900 913 916 918. Hamilton-castle 916 923. Hamond Ant. 421. Hampton an Englishman had Landâ— in Scotland 916. Hampton-Court 309 326 327. in Herefordshire 577. Hanbridge 59 763. Hanfeld-castle 595. Hanfords 35 549. Hangerwood 309. Hanging-walls 8â—9 Hanley Jo. 235. Henry 488. Hanmere 690. Hans fl 534. Hansacres 521. Hansards 472. Hanselin Ralph 463. Hanson Joh. 132. Hanton 116. Hanwell 255 309. Hanworth 309. Harald 574. Ewias 574. Harborrow 443. Harbottle 859. Harbury 499. Harcla Andr. 834. Harcourts 531. Hardacnute cxlvi Harden-castle 587 687. Hardham 181. Harding Tho. 35. Hardknot 820. Hardicanute 520. Hardwicks 493. Forest 726. Hares 107 400. Hareby 285. Harecourts 444. Haresfield 309. Harewood 285 289. castle 714. Harfâ—ger Harald clviii 994. Haringworth 437 441. Harkirk 801. Harlech 655 657 659 660. Harleston 383 343 359. Harleys 542. Harlsey 753. Hornham 107. Harold 77 239 258 318 585 597 cxlvi c. 68 167 173 176 339 340 576. Harper Sir W. 290. Harpetre 68. Harringtons 790 794 456 458 50â— Harris R. 195. Harrison 812 728 729. Harrow on the Hill 309 325. Harrowden 438. Hart S. Percev 190. Harteswell 7. Hartingford 304. Hartlepool 774. Hartland 40. Harvey 165 367 397. Harwich 352 359 513. Haseling 783. Haslingbury 353. Haskbead 918. Haslewood 712 730. Hasta pura xlvi cxlvi Hastings 176 177 195 219 341 99â— of Longhborough 279 284 447 450. W. Lord 177 454 466. Edw. Lord 78 28â— Sir Fr. ibid. Earls of Huntingdon 177 426 428 454. Lords of Abergaven 493 506 598 Earls of Pembroke 434 633 634. Bar. of Loughbor 453. Haterianus 600. Hatfield-Bishops 294. Yorksh 304 707 725. Chace 707 725. Will. de 304 725. Jasper 634. Hatfield Tho. 261. Jasper de 290. Peverel 345 3â—6 Broad-oak 353. Hather 465 Hatherton 561. Hatley Sir G. 403. Hatterel-hills 595. Hatton Chr. Lord 315 433 Sir W. ib Hugo de 504 Havant 123 Haudelo 192. Havering 342. Havelock 471. Haverds 590. Haverford 631. Havering 342. Haughton-conquest 288 291. Haughton-tower 791. Haulsted 370. Haulton 564. Haw 27. Hawghley-castle 372. Hawick 900. Hawisa 764. Hawisia 59 248. Hawkins Sir John 229. Hawks 965 1017 1â—62 Hawkwood Sir J. 350. Hawles bourn 200. Hawsted 350. A Hauthorn budding on Christmas-day 64 78. Hawthornden 904. Hay 589. Castle 821. Viscounts Doncaster c. 724. Head-corn 212. Headon 739 747 856. Heafenfield 853. Heah what 396 474. Healfden 236. Healy-castle 531. Heartley-castle 806. Heath Hamo de 193. Heavy-tree 40. HEERIDES 1070. HEBUDAE 1070 1072. Heckham 398 Hector Boet. 937. Hedindon 256 271. Heddingdon 88 103. Hedinham manour 194. Heighington 782. Heil an Idol 46. Heilston 6. Heina 715 732 Heitsbury 89 105. Hein 774. Helaugh-manour 732. Helbeck 752 835. Hell-kettles 774. Helecome 28. Helena lxxv xcix 312 351 656 661. St. Helens Sir John 138. â—ord 714 732. way 656. head 1021. HELENUM Prom. 5. Heles 48. Helich-Lant HELIG what 409. Helions 352. Hellan Leneow 914. Tina 914. Hellan 1069. Isle 1069. Helnestow-Nunnery 138. Helston 19. Helvius Pertinax lxviii Heminford W. de 753. Hemington 372. Hemsted 211 301. Marshal 142. Henati xxix Henbury 248. Hengham 384 Hendon 309 326. Heneage Sir T. 340. Hengist 110 151 187 190 194 200 213 314 464 471 692 706 724. Hengrave 369. Edm. de 369. Hengston-hill 13 Henningham 350. Henley 266 275 503. Sir Robert 132. Henlip 522. K. Henry I. 14 143 631 722. II. 143. III. 53 154 246 259 316 318. IV. 198 471 695. V. 318 595 596. VI. 45 147 153 300 758. VII 157 318 332 629 763. VIII 236 262 405 436 437 696 758. Henton-hill 248. Monastery 88. Heortness 774 782. Heortu 774. Hepe vid. Shap. 808. Hepburnes 905. E. of Bothwell 916. Heptarchy clxvi Heraclea 790. Heraclianus Propraetor lxxi Heraclius 316. Herbert Lord of Dean 235. Sir Rich. 270. E. of Pembr 315 400 614 634 642. Earl of Torr. 41. Baron of Shurland 195 652. Lords of Powys 654. E of Huntingdon 426. Herberts 233 383 386 388 400 634. Hercules ix 33 34. HERCULIS Promont ibid. Herculii a Roman Cohort 201. Herebertus Pauper 106. Hereditary Standard-bearers 343. Hereford 575 576 579 580 582. Earls of ib. and 590. HEREFORDSHIRE 573 579. Hereis Baron 907. Herengod 200 Hericii Gâ—idil 675 677. Heris 284. Herks and Hertners 77. Herlaxton 467 477. Herman Bishop 48 91 99 144. Hernes 263. Herons 852 868. Herrings where plentiful 389 750. De Herst 175 Herthu cxxx Hertford 194 304. Earls of 303 306. HERTFORDSHIRE 291 303. Herthy 419 425. Hertlbury 517. Hertlond 33. Herton ib. Herty point ib. Heruli 201. Hervey Gabr. 407. Herwood 436 463. Hesket 789 Hesperia xxvi HESPERIDES vid. CASSITERIDES Hessel 748. Heston 309. Hesus xix Hethy 1073. Heveningham 375. Heveninghams 343. Hewet Sir J. 4 4. Hexham 854. Shire 847. Hey 801. Heydon Sir Chr. 187. Heydons 390. Heyford-Warine 255. Purcell 256. Heyrick John never buried any of his Family in 52 Years 451. Hiberus vii Hicks Sir W. 249. 355. Sir Bapt Viscount Camden 249. Hide what 200. a Town 748. Abby 121. a noble Family 1 9 219 513. Earls of Clarendon 108. in Ireland 990 998. HIERON Prom. 991. Hierytha 34. Higbertus 215. Higham 371 372. Ferrars 273 434 High-cross 443. High-dike 464. 470. High gate 309. Highlanders cxxi 885. High-stream fl 181. High-street 435. Hightesly 441. Highworth 86. Hii an Island 934. Hilcote-Hardby 538. Hilda 751. Hildeards 740. Hildersham 406. Hills their heighth 9â—6 highest 791. Hilmarton 86. Hilshaw-mount 716. Hilton Barons of 752. Castle 778. Hinchingbroke 404 420. Hinckley 444. Hinderskel-castle 755 756 Hingerton 407. Hingham 401. Hinley 789. Hirth 1072. Hitch a Wood 303. Hitching 294 303. Hith what 209. Hithe 187 209 223. west 209. Hobart H. 396. Sir James 388. Sir Henry 389. Hobelers what 127 129. Hobeys Sir Edw. 144 195. Hobies in Ireland 965. Hock what 287. Hockley in the Hole 288. Hockwold 402. Hodde-hill 49. Hodengs Lords 280. Hodnets 545. Hodney fl 595. Hodsdon 296. Hoggeson W. 512. Hois 471 Hoks-norton 253 269. Hol what 746. Holand Tho. 213 241. Earl of Huntingdon 32 35 241 345. Duke of Exeter 32. Earl of Kent 213. Holburn 321. Holcom 31 33. Holcrofts 561 789. Holdenby 433. Holderness 739 747 746. Holes subterraneous 342. Hole-haven 341. Holeshot Hundred 123. Holgil-castle 804. Holgraves 531. Holland 459 473 475. Holland Lords 253 426 429 444 789 791. Hollanders 750. Hollies Sir W. 514. Hollingworth 802. Hollowood-hill 217. Holme what 473 1049. Holme-castle 156 517. Lacy 578. Chapel 562. Pierpount 483. Cultrain 827. Holme-Trees 211. Holmesdale 153 155 163. Holt 389 517 681. Holy Bones 451. Cross of Tiperary 983. Island Well 587 688 690. Woods
Molleaghmast 990. Moltons 836. MONA Ins lvi 1051. Monasteries 119. S. Mongah 733. 's well ib. Monaghah 1011. Monk Coningston 803. Weresmuth 778. Geo. 41 750. Monks formerly laborious 556. Monmouth 595 610. MONMOUTH-SHIRE 593 603 Montacute Sir Edw. 434. W. E. of Sarum 9â— 680. Vicounts 238. E. of Salisbury 59 93 John 60 241. Montacutes 59 44 810 799. Montaghs 992. Montchenseys 371. Mont-Edgcomb 10 20. Mont-Eagle 794. Mont-ferrant Castle 735. Montforts 14 193 343 449 50â— 504 521 542 764 774 79â— 795 860. Montgarret Visc 992. Montgomeries 168 169 491 54â— 546 550 630 650 652 769. MONTGOMERY-SHIRE 649 682. Monthault 505 565 688. Montjoys 50 492 1019. Mont-Norris 1011. Orgueil 1108. Mont-sore-hill 446 452. Montross 938. Mont-Turold 436. Moorland 533. Moors 501. Moor what 533 597 805 809. Mordants Barons 285. Earl of Monmouth 610 Peterburgh 44 Mor what 609. Moravins-forest 95 7 MORBIUM 821. Morcar 474. Morcat 457. Morden 158. Mordred 11. Moreley 39. Moreman 41. Mores 154 989 1010. Moresby 821. Morgan 609 613. MORGANIUM aut VORGAENIUâ— 609. MORICAMBE 827. MORIDUNUM 33. Morindus 507. Morini 57 208 501. Morison Sir R. 302. Moritons 10 14 18 175 302. Morkar 449. Morleys 133 173 353 371 385. Morridge 538. Mort 41. Mortimers 60 385 529 541 57â— 586 544 592 443 213 67â— 483. Mortons 45 294 412 437 89â— 907. Morten-Corbet 545. Morva-bychan 660. Mor wiridh 890. Mosely 800. Mostyn 694. Sir R. 659. Sir Tho. 670. Mote 835. Motindan 191. Motwy Lords of 546. Isles au Mottons 1113. Moubray R. 59. Moulesford 141. Moulgrave-castle 762 766. Mountague Fr. Visc 59. Earl of â—andw 222. a family 427. Mountesbay 6. Mournehills 1013. Mousehole 6. Mouth of Trisantum 116. Mowbray Robert 82 858 866. Roger 473 504 756. John 504 170. Tho. 394. Mowbrays 161 209 392 393 448 473 506 755. Mowdhwy 655. W. de 655. Mownog 663. Moyassel 999. Moygisy 999. Moyl-Rhoniads 1050. M'redydh 690. The Mues what 320. Mul 911 1072. MULA 1072. Mulys J. 69. Munden Furnival 295. Mundesley 397. Mundick 19. Municipia what 296 718. Munkton field 112. Munow fl 573. Murdacks 502 934. Murdock 924. Murray John 930. Patrick 906. Murray 894 â—43 955. Earls of 942 945. Murray-veins 753. Murth-lake 940. Musards 493. Muscegros Rob. de 1001. Muschamp Rob. de 861. Musgrave 812. Muskeray 979. Muskery-hills ibid. Musselborow 897. Mwyalchen y Graig 667. Mwyn Glodh 681. Mynwy fl 595. Myniâ—d Margan 619 683. Mynidh Orymmeu ibid. Belhi ommen 619. Kader 595 603. Kaer Lheion 670. Mynto-hill 900. Myrnwy fl 654. N. NAas 990. Nabeus 947. Nadder fl 90. NAGNATA 1005. Nailbourns what 750. Namptwich 561. Nangles 999 1003. Nanney Jo. 663. Nant what 595. Nant-Penkarn fl 602. Nantuates 308. Napier 306. Nappa-house 760. Narbone 3. Narburgh 393 401. Nardin 944. Narrow-seas 206. Naseby 441. Nash-point 617. Natan 131. Natan leod 114 131. Nathaniel Paris 902. Navalia Augusti 311. Navan Baronet of 998. Naves Lusoriae 857. Naupactus 321. Nauplia 311. Naustathmos ibid. Navy Royal 194 219. Naworth-castle 44 835 Neath 611 613. Nebrodes 741. Nectan 33. Needham 372. Needhams 549. Needles rocks so call'd 129. Needwood-Forest 533. Neile R. 729. Neirborough 393. Neirford 391 393. NEMUS CALATERIUM 755. Nen fl 408 429. Nenfield 176. Neor 987. S. Neoths 9 23. S. Neot 257. S. Neots 419. Neotstock 9 420. Neotus ibid. Nero in Britain li. NERVII 836. Dictenses 666 759 Nesse â—11 548. Nesse-lake 933. mouth 947. point 351. NESSIDES 1114. Netherby 834. Netherlands 810. Nethersole Sir F. 514. Netley 131. Nettlested 371. Nevern 632 636 638. Nevils Earls of Westmorland 755 764. Kent 214 Salisbury 94. Warwick 256 270 434 508. Lords of Montacute â—0 156 290 406. Latimer 754. Abargavenny 191 5â—8 Glamorgan 614. Raby-Castle 358. Nevil Rich. 60. Sir H. 144. Hugh 358. John 358 774 777 809 817 854 859. Nevils 485 754 760. Cross 777. Nevin 664. Newark 484. House 247. Priory 156. Newborrow 755. Will. ibid. Newbottle 897. Newburgh 676. Newburrow Sir R. 45. Newbury 142 152. New-castle 856. Duke of 333. Barony 993. Under-Line 530. in Shropshire 542. in Wales 624. Newcomen 723. Newenden 211. Newenham 501. Newenham Abby 33. Newenton Tho 350. Newnham 287 290 234. New-forest 115 131. Newgal 635. Newhal 346. Newington 218. Newland 245. Newleame 412 437. Newmarch B. 590 593 Newmarket 367 379 407. Newmerch 238. New-milns 902. Newport in Cornwal 13. Isle of Wight 128. Essex 352. Pagnel 282. Newports 546. New-River 304. New-town 128 434. Newton-castle 49. Newtones 60. Newton Sir J. 68 248. Lincolns 476. Glamorg 612 Yorksh 732. Montgomeryshire 650. New-work 924. S. Nicholas 801. Nicolson W. 800 802 c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 365 366. Nid fl 715 907. Niderhale 715. Niding what 194. Nidisdale 907. Nidry-castle 906. NIDUM 611 613. Nigel 412 414. Nigellus 564. Nigells ibid. Niger Alanus 778. Nights shortest 948. Ninian 910. Ninnius 258. Niphates 663. Nivicollini 664. Nobles who clxxii Nocton 478. NODIUS fl 907. NODES ibid. Noel Earl of Gainsborrow 480. Sir Andrew 531. Lawrence 6. Noels 447 531 538. Nogents or Nugents 998 999. Nomades xxix Nonesuch 1â—8 165. Nonius Philip. Propraet lxxii Nonney de la Mere 69. Norbury â—49 491. NORFOLK 383 395. Dukes of 393 402. Norham 86â— Norinberg 709. Normandy 764. Normans 188. Normanton-field 435. Normanville Sir Ger. de 484. Normonstier 1114. Norrack-castle 988 Norris 264 275. Lord of Berks 152. Sir Edw. 263 271. Henry Baron of Ricot 263. Earl of Abington 275. North Barons 408. Northamerton 20. Northampton 433 440. Earls of 439. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE 429 436 Northburys 239. North-Berwick 896. Esk 937. Hall 303. Alverton 755. Leach 240 250. Ewe fl 34. Tine 848. NORTHUMBERLAND 737 762 847 899. Northwood Sir Roger 189. Norton-Greenes 431. in Cheshire 564. Suffolk 371. Norwegians invade England clviii 675. Norwich J. de 376. Norwich 385 387 396 397. Noshead 958. Nosthill 707 725. Notesley Abby 281. NOTIUM Prom. 978. Nottingham Sir William 250. Nottingham 481 487. Earls of 486 490. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 481 485. NOVANTES 909. NOVANTUM Prom. 91 1069. NOVIOMAGUS 159 214. Nowell Al. 262. Nucellus 293. Nun-eaton 506. Nuns-green 495. Nutley 131. Nymphaea 785. O O Prefixt to the Irish Names 1042 Oaks sacred xv An Oak that buds on Christmas-day 131. Oar-devi what 650. Obelisks 955 958 1085. O Birns see Birns O Bowy 988. O Brien 984 1002. O Cahan 1018. O Conor 990. O Conor dun 1005. O Dempsies 988. O Donels 1021. O Dono 1006. O Flairts â—003 O Ghar 1006. O Hagans 1014. O Hanton 1011 1014. O Haris 1006. O Kellies 1003 1007. O Loghtons 1002. O Mahons 977. O Maidins 1003. O Mails 1003. O Maily 990. O Mores 987 988 992. O Murries 1006. O Neals 1014 1016 1022. their Election 1018. Rebellion at large 1022 c. O Neal Shan 1016. O Pharols 999. O Reyleys 1009. O Rork 1006. O Swill ivant Beare 977. O Swillivant Bantre ibid. O Tools 991 993. Oar-devi what 650. Obelisks 955 1085. OCELLUM Promont 739. OCETIS 1073. Ochenture 257. Ocher-veins 753.
their own merits are always hurry'd on to revenge upon the least injury his next business was to find out a fair opportunity of shewing his resentments Mr. Camden at the end of each County has drawn down the History of the respective Earls and he thought probably that if a quarrel could be pick'd in the business of Families it would be most suitable to his present purpose The plot was well contriv'd if the charge could have been made out As it would have shewn Mr. Camden's forwardness in engaging himself on a subject he was not Master of so would it have convinc'd the Government of their unreasonable choice not only in preferring a person who knew little of the matter but which was worse in rejecting one that was an absolute Critick After two years study he publish'd a Book with this title A Discovery of certain Errours publish'd in print in the much commended Britannia c. without licence without name either of Printer or Bookseller Before we enter upon the merits of the cause be pleas'd to observe by the way the different humour and carriage of the two Parties It was an opinion of merit that first rais'd a confidence in Mr. Brooke and then an uneasiness when his expectation fail'd him So far was Mr. Camden from entertaining the least thoughts of it that till the whole business was over he did not dream of any such thing but the news was a perfect surprise to him And when my Lord Burleigh who was his great Patron express'd his dissatisfaction that he had not apply'd himself to him upon that occasion he modestly return'd this answer That 't was purely a thought of Sir Fulk Grevil's without so much as his knowledge It was not much for the reputation of the former Ibid. to throw off his true name Brokesmouth and take that of Brooke as one of greater vogue and dignity Perhaps Mr. Camden had as little temptation as he to be fond of his Family upon account of any eminence it could pretend to especially on the Father's side And yet so far was he from being asham'd of his meanness such a pious and tender regard did he preserve for his memory that even out of respect to his Trade he left a gilt Bowl of 16 l. price to the Company of Painter-stainers in London with this Inscription Gul. Camdenus Clarenceux filius Sampsonis Pictoris Londinensis dono dedit After Mr. Camden became a member of the College he discharg'd his office with great integrity and maintain'd an amicable correspondence with all his Brethren How far his Adversary may lay claim to this character let the following instance witness Ibid. Upon a private pique against one of the College he contriv'd such a malicious piece of revenge as is not commonly heard of He employs a man to carry a Coat of Arms to him ready drawn to pretend that it belong'd to one Gregory Brandon a Gentleman that had formerly liv'd in London but was then gone over into Spain and to desire he would set his hand to it The man does his errand very formally and for fear a little time and consideration might break their measures pretends that the Vessel which was to carry it was just ready to set sail He smelling nothing of the design without more ado receives a reward and puts the Seal of the Office with his own Name to the paper Presently Brooke carries it to Thomas Earl of Arundel then one of the Commissioners for the Office of Lord Marshal assures him that these are the Arms of the Kingdom of Arragon with a Canton of Brabant and that that Brandon to whom he had granted them was a mean inconsiderable person The Earl acquainted the King with the whole matter who resolv'd that he should not only be turn'd out of his place but upon a fair hearing in the Star-chamber be severely fin'd for his affront to the Crown of Spain However upon the intercession of the Earl of Pembroke he grew a little calmer and was prevail'd upon to refer it wholly to the Commissioners When they came to a hearing the Gentleman who had been thus impos'd upon submitted himself entirely to the mercy of the Court but withal desir'd their Lordships to consider that 't was a pure over-sight and that it was the importunity of the messenger which drew him to the doing it without due deliberation Brooke on the other hand declar'd openly in Court that it was from beginning to end a contrivance of his own to gain an opportunity of convincing their Lordships of the sordidness of the other who for the sake of a little money would be guilty of such a gross piece of knavery They were amaz'd at the confidence of the man and when His Majesty heard the circumstances of the case he had them both committed to prison one for treachery and the other for carelessness The party accus'd presented a Petition to the Commissioners humbly requesting that they would use their interest with his Majesty for his gracious Pardon This was seconded by an ample Testimonial under the hands of his Brethren setting forth their concern for his misfortune and the great integrity wherewith he had behav'd himself in all other matters Brooke too got Friends to intercede for him so after a severe Reprimand from my Lord Chamberlain they were both dismiss'd But to return By this time one will be easily convinc'd that it was not any concern for Truth or for the honour of the English Nobility which induc'd him to lay open the Errors of Mr. Camden but a vein of ill nature which run through all his actions And the success of it was answerable for the next year Mr. Camden reprinted his Britannia and at the end of it publish'd a learned Defence of himself and his Work He modestly declares That 't is very possible he might fall into several Errors that for his part he ne'er pretended to be exempt from the common failings of mankind but conceives however that allowance ought to be made to slips here and there when men deal in such a variety of matter that he thinks himself notwithstanding very coarsly treated and to shew at once the impudence as well as weakness of his Adversary he clears himself from his objections upon undeniable authorities and then shews into what palpable mistakes this great Reformer had drop'd even in the midst of his Criticisms As this made him a fair instance how malicious practices do generally return upon the author so the publication of another Book in the year 1619. gave him some farther experience upon the same head It was a Catalogue of the Succession of Kings Princes and Dukes down from William the Conquerour with their several Arms. Smith Vit. p. 37. Mr. Camden made a Collection of the Errors in it not so much those of haste or inadvertency no he had liv'd too long in the world not to know that these were the common failings of mankind but such as were downright blunders and the
wealth between whom and the Lord Scroope two hundred years since was a plea commenc'd in the Court of Chivalry for bearing in a shield Azure a bend Or. Soe Holland Tregian is now in the possession of Mr. Buller And as for the suit it hapn'd in the time of Edw. 3. and upon it a reference was made to the most eminent persons of that time whereof John de Gaunt was one before whom Carminow prov'd his right by the constant bearing thereof and that before the Conquest yet because the other Contendant was a Baron of the Realm it was order'd he should still bear the same Coat but with a File in chief for distinction He had a Cornish motto Gala rag whethow i.e. a straw for a dissembler His family is now quite extinct under which is Roseland a plat of ground lying along the sea-side so call'd as some would have it from rosetum a garden of roses or as others imagine because it is ericetum a heath m for Ros implies that in Brittish From whence Rosse in Scotland Râ— and another Rosse in Wales have had their names as being dry thirsty ground but this by the industry of the husbandmen is made more rich and fruitful From Roseland the sea immediately follows the dintings of the Land and makes a large bay call'd Trueardraithbay as much as if one should say The bay of a town at the sand 17 Whereunto fall many fresh rivulets amongst which that is principal which passeth by Lanladron whose Lord S. Serlo Lanladron was summon'd a Baron to the Parliament in that age when the select men for wisdom and worth among the Gentry were call'd to Parliaments and their Posterity omitted if the were defective therein In the margin he has In the time of Edw. 1. Scarce two miles from hence 〈…〉 where the river Fawey runs into the Sea is Fowy-town in British Foath stretch'd along the creek it was very famous in the last age for Sea-fights as is plain from the Arms of the place which are a Compound of all those of the Cinque-ports On each side of the haven is a fort built by Edward 4. who a little after upon a displeasure conceiv'd against the men of Fowy for preying upon the French-coasts after a peace was made with that kingdom took from them all their ships and tackle Over against this on the other side stands Hall 〈…〉 noted for it's pleasant walks upon the side of an hill and k It was sold to Kekewich and my Lord Mohun lives at Boconnock the seat of Sir William Mohun Knight 〈…〉 of an ancient and noble family descended from the Mohuns Earls of Somerset and the Courtneies Earls of Devonshire More within the land upon the same river 〈…〉 the Uzella of Ptolemy is seated and has not yet quite lost it's name being called at this day Lestuthiell from it's situation For it was upon a high hill where is Lestormin an ancient castle tho' now 't is remov'd into the valley Now uchel in British signifies the same as high and lofty 〈…〉 from whence Uxellodunum of Gaule is so term'd because the town being built upon a mountain has a steep rugged ascent every way This in the British historie is called Pen-Uchel coit a high mountain in a wood by which some will have Exeter meant But the situation assign'd it by Ptolemy and the name it has to this day do sufficiently evince it to have been the ancient Uzella Now it is a little town and not at all populous for the channel of the river Fawey which in the last age us'd to carry the tide up to the very town and bring vessels of burthen 〈…〉 is now so stopt up by the sands coming from the Lead-mines that it is too shallow for barges and indeed all the havens in this County are in danger of being choak'd up by these sands However 't is the County-town where the Sheriff every month holds the County-court and the Warden of the Stannaries has his prison For it has the privilege of Coynage by the favour as they say of Edmund Earl of Cornwall who formerly had his palace there But there are two towns which especially eclipse the glory of this Vzella Leskerd to the east Lâ— seated upon a high hill and famous for an ancient castle and a market And Bodman to the north 〈…〉 scarce two miles distant l It is distant almost 4 miles in British if I mistake not Bosuenna and in ancient Charters Bodminiam This town is seated between two hills not very healthfully extended from east to west 'T is a noted market populous and well built and enjoys the privilege of stamping tinn But it was formerly more famous for a Bishop's See For about the year 905. when the discipline of the Church was quite neglected in those parts 〈…〉 Edward the Elder by a Decree from Pope Formosus settl'd a Bishop's See here and granted the Bishop of Kirton three villages in those parts m This Polton is probably Paulton in S. Breague Lawhitton does still belong to the Bâ—shop but where Caeling was seated does not appear The mannours mention'd hereabouts to be the Bâ—shop's are Lawhitton S. Germans Pawton Pregaer Penryn and Cargaul without any mention of Caeling In those mannours the Bishops had view of Frank-pledge and all belonging thereto except Hue and Cry Inqu An. 9. Edw. 2. Polton Caeling and Lanwitham that he might every year visit the County of Cornwall in order to reform their errors for before that they resisted the Truth to the utmost of their power and would not submit to the Apostolical Decrees But afterwards those dismal wars of the Danes breaking out the Bishop's See was translated to S. Germans Near to Leskerd is a Church formerly called S. Guerir which being translated from the British is a Physician where as Asser tells us King Alfred while he was at his devotion recovered of a fit of sickness But when Neotus a man of eminent Sanctity and Learning was buried in that Church he so much eclips'd the glory of the other Saint that from him the place begun to be call'd Neotestow i.e. the place of Neoth and now it is S. Neoth's and the Religious there were called Clerks of St. Neot who had pretty large revenues as we may learn from Domesday n Not far from hence as I have been told in the Parish of St. Clare there are in a place call'd Pennant i.e. the head of the valley two stone monuments one whereof has the upper part hollow'd in form of a chair the other term'd Other half stone is inscrib'd with barbarous characters now almost worn out Which I think is to be read thus Doniert Rogavit pro anima unless we may imagine that these two points after Doniert are the remains of the letter E. and so read Doniert erogavit implying that he gave that land to the Religious for the good of his soul Now I cannot
cause probably was to improve his own mannour of Topesham to which one of the Hughs of this family perhaps the same procur'd a weekly market and a yearly fair which Edward Courtney Earl of Devonshire in an out-fall with the citizens threw into the chanel of the river Isc which hinders ships from coming to the town so that all merchandize is brought thither by land from Topesham a little village three miles from the city Nor are these heaps remov'd tho' it is commanded by Act of Parliament o From these a small village hard by is call'd Weare Weare but formerly Heneaton which belong'd heretofore to Austin de Baa from whom by right of inheritance it came to John Holand Ch. 24 Eâ— who in a seal that I have seen bore a lion rampant gardant among flower de luces The government of this City is administer'd by 24. of whom u Thâ—s City was incorporated by K. John and made a County by K. Henry 8. one yearly is chosen Mayor who with four Bayliffs manages all publick affairs As for the position the old Oxford-Tables have defin'd it's longitude to be 19 degrees 11 minutes It 's latitude 50 degrees 40 minutes This City that I may not omit it has had it's Dukes For Richard 2. King of England of that name made John Holand Earl of Huntingdon and his brother by the mother's side first Duke of Exeter Dukes of Exeter Henry 4. depriv'd him of this honour and left him only the title of Earl of Huntingdon which being beheaded soon after 6 For conspiracy against the King he lost together with his life Some few years after Henry 5. supply'd this Dukedom with Thomas Beaufort Earl of Dorset descended from the house of Lancaster an accomplish'd Souldier He dying without issue John Holand the son of that John already mention'd as heir to Richard his brother that dy'd without issue and to his father was restor'd to all again having his Father's honours bestow'd upon him by the bounty of Henry 6. and left the same to his son Henry who whilst the Lancastrians stood flourish'd in great honour but after when the house of York came to the Crown his example might well shew us how unsafe it is to rely upon the smiles of fortune For this was that Henry Duke of Exeter who notwithstanding his marriage with the sister of Edward 4. was reduc'd to such misery Phil. Coâ—â—naeus câ—â— 50. that he was seen to beg his bread ragg'd and bare-footed in the Low-countries And at last after Barnet-fight where he behav'd himself stoutly against Edward 4. he never was seen more till his body was cast upon the shore of Kent as if he had been shipwrack'd Long after this Exeter had it's Marquess namely Henry Courtny descended from Catherine the Daughter of Edward 4. rais'd to that honour by Henry 8 7 And design'd heir-apparent But to this Marquess as well as to the first Duke a great fortune did but raise great storms which as presently sunk him endeavouring a change of Government For among other things because with mony and counsel he had assisted Reginald Poole that was afterwards Cardinal and had left England to intriegue with the Emperor and the Pope against his King and Country who had then withdrawn from the Romish Communion he was arraign'd found guilty and beheaded with some others But now by the bounty of K. James Thomas Cecil Lord Burghley enjoys the title of Earl of Exeter Earlâ— of Exeter a man truly good and the worthy son of a most excellent father being the eldest son of William Cecil Baron Burghley Lord Treasurer of England whose wisdom has long supported the peace of this Kingdom nn From hence to the very mouth there is nothing of antiquity besides Exminster Exminâ—â—â—â— formerly Exanminster bequeath'd by King Alfred to his younger son and Pouderham Pouderham a castle built by Isabel de Ripariis now for a long time the seat of a very noble family the Courtnies Knights who being descended from the Earls of Devonshire and related to the best families are to this day flourishing and most worthy of such noble ancestors 8 Under Pouderham Ken a pretty brook enters into Ex which riseth near Holcombe where in a park is a fair place built by Sir Thomas Denis whose family fetcheth their first off-spring and surname from the Danes and were anciently written Le Dan Denis by which name the Cornish call'd the Danes Upon the very mouth on the other side as the name it self witnesses stands Exanmouth Exanâ—â—â— known for nothing but it's bare name and the fisher-hutts there More eastward Otterey Otterey that is a river of otters or water-dogs which we call Otters as the name it self implies runs into the sea it passes by Honniton Honniâ—â—â— well known to such as travel these parts 9 And was given by Isabel heir to the Earls of Devonshire to K. Edward the first when her issue fail'd p and gives it's name to some places Of which the most remarkable above Honniton is Mohuns-ottery which belong'd formerly to the Mohuns from whom it came by marriage to the Carews below Honniton near Holdcombe where lives the family of Le Denis Knights who take their original and name from the Danes S. Mary's Ottery so call'd from the w Iâ— was suppress'd by a Parliament held at Leicester in the reign of Henry 5. College of S. Maries which John de Grandison Bishop of Exeter founded who had got the wealth of all the Clergy in his Diocese into his own hands For he had persuaded them to leave him all they had when they dy'd as intending to lay it all out in charitable uses in endowing Churches and building Hospitals and Colleges which they say he perform'd very piously From the mouth of this Ottery the shore goes on with many windings to the eastward by Budly q Sidmouth r and Seaton s formerly fine havens but now so choak'd with sand heap'd before the mouth of them by the flux and reflux of the sea that this benefit is almost quite lost Now that this Seaton is that Moridunum â—â—idunum in Antoninus which is seated between Durnovaria and Isca if the book be not faulty and is lamely call'd Ridunum in the Peutegerian Table I should conjecture both from it's distance and the signification of the name For Moridunum is the same in British that Seaton is in English namely a town upon a hill by the sea Near this stands Wiscombe â—â—omb memorable upon the account of William Baron Bonevill who liv'd there whose heir Cecil brought by marriage the titles of Lord Bonevill and Harrington with a brave estate in those parts â—his in County â—merset â—â—ster to Thomas Grey Marquess of Dorset Under these the river Ax empties it self from a very small chanel 10 After it hath pass'd down by Ford where Adelize daughter to Baldewin of Okehampton founded an Abbey for
honourable terms after his powder was spent having slain above 1000 of the Spaniards and sunk 4 of their greatest vessels This family hath since been honour'd with the titles of Baron of Bediford Viscount Lansdown and Earl of Bath Upon the sea-coast towards the north is Braunton â—raunton where many hundred acres of land are overflown by the sands and the place from them called Santon Tall Trees some of 30 foot in length have been digg'd up here â—art To a place not far off nam'd Mort Sir William Tracye one of the murtherers of Thomas Becket A. B. of Canterbury retir'd 23 years after the fact which refutes the vulgar Chronicles relating that all concern'd in that murder dy'd miserably within 3 years after z To the north-east from hence is Ilfarcombe â—farcombe remarkable for the lights here kept for the direction of ships but much more for Mr. Camden's being Prebendary hereof which preferment belonging to the Church of Salisbury might then be enjoy'd by Lay-men aa Farther up on the coast lies Comb-Martin â—omb-â—artin the first branch whereof is observ'd by our Author to flow from the British Kum The second is added from Martin de Tours a Norman Lord who had great possessions here in the time of Henry 1. The silver mines were first discover'd here in Edward the first 's days when 337 men were brought from the Peake in Derbyshire to work there In the reign of K. Edward 3. it yielded that King great profits towards carrying on the French war After they had been long neglected they were re-enter'd in Q. Elizabeth's time who presented a Cup here made to the then Earl of Bathe with this Inscription In Martyn's combe I long lay hid Obscure depress'd with grosser soyl Debased much with mixed lead Till Bulmer came whose skill and toyl Reformed me so pure and clean As richer no where else is seen These silver-mines are again now wrought in with great expectation bb South-east from hence is Bampton Bampton which brought forth John de Bampton in the time of K Henry 6. a Carmelite Monk and a learned man who first read Aristotle publickly in the University of Cambridge where he commenc'd Doctor and writ divers Books Continuation of the EARLS After the death of Charles Blunt An. 1606. King James in the 16th year of his reign created William Lord Cavendish of Hardwick Earl of Devonshire whose son and grandchild both Williams successively enjoy'd that dignity and his great grandson of the same name succeeded them who is now created Marquess of Hartington and Duke of Devonshire More rare Plants growing wild in Devonshire Avena nuda Ger. J.B. C. B. Park Naked Oats or Pillis This by report is sown in some places of this County as well as in Cornwall C. Alsine spuria pusilla repens follis Saxifragae aurex Small round-leaved creeping bastard chickweed This is no less frequent in this County than in Cornwall on the like watery banks Ascyrum supinum villosum palustre Marsh round-leaved S. Peter's wort On moist boggy grounds and about shallow pools of water See the Synonyma in Cornwall C. Campanula Cymbalariae foliis Ivy-leaved Bell-flower No less common in this County than in Cornwall in the like places Eryngium vulgare J. B. vulgare Camerarii C. B. mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum sive campestre Park On the rock which you descend to the Ferrey from Plimouth over into Cornwall This plant probably groweth not wild any where in England save here near Daventry in Northamptonshire and on the shore call'd Friar-goose near Newcastle upon Tine Gramen junceum maritimum exile Plimostii Park p. 1271. Small sea Rush-grass of Plimouth Near Plimouth on the wet grounds Juncus acutus maritimus capitulis rotundis C. B. acutus maritimus alter Park Sea-rush with globular heads Found by Mr. Stephens in Braunton boroughs in this County Lichen seu muscus marinus variegatus Fungus auricularis Caesalpini J.B. Fucus maritimus Gallo-pavonis pennas referens C.B. The Turkeys feather Found by the same Mr. Stephens on the rocks near Exmouth plentifully Lamium montanum Melissae folio C. B. Melissa Fuchsii Ger. Melissophyllon Fuchsii Park Melissa adulterina quorundam amplis foliis floribus non grati odoris J.B. Baulm-leaved Archangel Bastard-Baulm In many woods in this County and particularly near Totnes This is the Plant I suppose that the Authors of Phytologia Britannica meant by Melissa Moldavica which they say grew in Mr. Champernon's wood by his house on the hill side near Totnes For Melissa Moldavica is a plant so far from growing wild with us that it continueth not long in gardens self-sown Rubia sylvestris Park sylv aspera quae sylvestris Dioscoridis C.B. sylvestris Monspessulana major J.B. nonnullis Rubia hexaphyllos Wild Madder It grows on the rocks near the bridge at Bediford and all along the hedges on both sides the way between Westly and Bediford and in many other places of this County DUROTRIGES NEXT to the Danmonii Eastward Ptolemy in his Geographical Tables has plac'd the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as he stiles them in Greek who in Latin Copies are written Durotriges The very same people whom the Britains about the year of our Lord 890. call d Dwr-Gwyr according to Asserius Menevensis my author who liv'd at that time and was a Britain by birth The Saxons call'd them Dor settan as we at this day the County of Dorset and Dorsetshire The name of Durotriges which is ancient and purely British seems very probably to be deriv'd from Dour or Dwr Dwr what which in the British tongue signifies Water and Trig which signifies an Inhabitant as if one should say Dwellers by the Water or Sea-side Nor can there be any other Etymology of those places names in ancient Gaul where formerly the same language with that of Britain was spoken that begin or end with Dur or Dour such as Durocases Durocottorum Duranius Dordonia Durolorum Doromellum Divodurum Breviodurum Batavodurum Ganodurum Octodurum and many other such as well in Gaul as Britain But the Saxon word Dor-setta is partly British Setta what partly English and of the same importance and signification as Durotriges for Settan amongst our Ancestors as well as other Germans did signifie to inhabit or dwell upon Thus we find the mountaineers call'd in their language Dun-settan those that dwell upon the Chiltern-hills Cyltern-settan and those that border upon the river Arow Arow-settan as the Germans call those who dwell among the woods Holt-satten from inhabiting the Woods Nor did the Britains lose the sense of the ancient name when they call'd the Durotriges of whom I now discourse Dwr-Gweir that is Dwellers on the sea-coast for their country for a long way about 50 miles together fronts the British Ocean and lies stretch'd out from East to West with a very oblique shore full of turnings and windings DORSETSHIRE THE County of Dorset is bounded on the North by Somersetshire and Wiltshire on the
the Stoure receives a small river call'd Alen upon which stands S. Giles Winburn the dwelling-place of the honourable and ancient family of h Ashley is the name It came by descent to the present E. of Shaftsbury from Sir Anthony Ashley who was in several publick Employments in the reign of Qu. Elizabeth he having given his only daughter and heiress in marriage to Sir John Cooper of Rockbourn in Hampshire who had issue by her Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper who in the year 1661. was made a Peer by the title of Baron Ashley of Wimborne St. Giles having chosen that title pursuant to an Article in the aforesaid marriage That if Sir John Coopor or heirs should come to be honoured with the degree of Peerage they should take that for their title In the year 1672. Lord Ashley was created Earl of Shaftsbury to whom succeeded his son the present Earl with whom this Estate and Seat remains Astely Knights Ashleys Knights and Wickhampton the patrimonial estate heretofore of the Barons of Maltravers Maltravers the last of whom in the reign of Edw. 3. left two daughters only one of which was marry'd to John de Arundel the grandfather of John Earl of Arundel who left to his heirs the title of Barons of Maltravers the other was the wife of Robert le Rous and afterwards of John Keynes Knight From hence the Stoure flows on by Canford Canford below which not long since James Baron of Montjoy who particularly search'd into the nature of metals began to make Chalcanthum that is Coperas Coperas as we call it and boil alum From hence formerly John Earl of Warren forcibly as it were ravish'd and took away Alice Lacy the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster with much injury to his reputation and no small damage to England as appears by our Chronicles Here the river Stoure leaves Dorsetshire and running through some parts of Hantshire disembogues it self into the Ocean having first receiv'd a little river which flows to Cranborne Cranborne a town well watered where in the year of our Lord 930. Aeilward a nobleman sirnam'd Meaw from his fair complexion founded a little monastery which Robert Fitz-Haimon a Norman transferr'd to Tewkesbury leaving a Monk or two here for to him the possessions of Aeilward sell From whom by succession it came by the Clares Earls of Glocester and Burbs Earls of Ulster Viscount Cranborne to Lionel Duke of Clarence and by him to the Crown But now Robert Cecil 24 Now Earl of Salisbury is Viscount of Cranborne whom King James deservedly for his most approv'd wisdom first dignify'd with the title of Baron Cecil of Essendon and the year after with that of Viscount Cranborne 25 South from hence lyeth Woodland empark'd sometime the seat of the worshipful family of the Filioll the heirs whereof are marry'd to Edward Seymor after Duke of Somerset and Willâ—ughby of Wallaton It should be Woelaton Farls and Marquesses of Dorset The life of Osmund MS. Touching the Earls and Marquesses of this Shire William the Conquerour after he had got the Crown of England i Matth. Paris Hist Min. An. 1189. made Osmund who was Earl of Seez in Normandy Bishop of Salisbury first then Earl of Dorset and Lord Chancellour having a great opinion of his wisdom and excellent learning A long time after See the Dukes of Somerset Richard 2. in the 21 year of his reign preferr'd John de Beaufort the son of John of Gaunt and Earl of Somerset to be Marquess of Dorset from which honour he was afterwards degraded by Hen. 4. out of ill will to Richard 2. And when in full Parliament the house of Commons with whom he was much in favour did earnestly intercede that his dignity of Marquess might be restor'd him he utterly refus'd to accept it professing a great aversion to such a novel and upstart title unknown before those times and his younger brother Thomas de Beaufort was created Earl of Dorset who afterwards for his valour was by Hen. 5. made Duke of Exeter and had the County of Harcourt given him For he gallantly defended Harflew in Normandy against the French and bravely put to flight the Earl of Armeniâ—c in a pitch'd battel After his decease without issue Hen. 6. nominated Edmund of the same house of Lancaster first Earl then Marquess of Dorset and at last Duke of Somerset whose sons being all taken off in the Civil wars and the house of Lancaster as it were quite routed Edw. 4. created Thomas Grey of the family of Ruthin who was his son-in-law for the King marry'd Grey's mother Marquess of Dorset when he came to the great estate of the Bonvils in this County and those adjoyning in the right of his wife Thomas his son and Henry his grandson by the said Thomas succeeded him who was created Duke of Suffolk by Edw. 6. upon his marriage with Francis the daughter of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk and neice to King Hen. 8. by his sister He suffer'd for high-treason in Queen Mary's reign and too late experimented of what dangerous consequence it is to marry into the Royal Family and to soar too high in ambitious hopes From his time the title of Dorset was conferr'd on no one till K. James in the beginning of his reign advanc'd Thomas Sackvill Baron of Buckhurst Lord High Treasurer of England to the Earldom of Dorset for his most exact diligence and singular wisdom as an ornamental honour justly due to his true virtue and the good service he had done his country 26 Who ended his life with sudden death An. 1608. and left Robert his son his successor who deceasing within the year left the said honour again to Richard his hopeful son whom he beâ—at of the Lady Margaret Howard daughter to the late Duke of Norfolk There are in this County 248 Parishes ADDITIONS to DORSETSHIRE a THE County of Dorset as it is observ'd by our Author to be adorn'd with woods pastures and fruitful valleys so is it principally enrich'd by the sea which supplies it with great plenty of the best fish and gives it an opportunity of improving it self by trading 'T is very much for the honour of it that K. Charles 2. declar'd he never saw a finer Country either in England or out of it Lime b The Town of Lime seems to have been much improv'd since Mr. Camden's time for it is now a Burrough consisting of 16 Capital Burgesses and a Recorder whereof there is a Mayor and two Justices The Mayor is the next year after his Mayoralty a Justice of the Peace and the year following Justice and Coroner The Peer there for the nature and largeness of it hath scarce it 's like in England and requires great cost yearly to maintain it The place is so much encreas'd that whereas our Author observes it could hardly be term'd a port on any other account than as frequented by
North-Cadbury which our Author tells us came into the family of the Botereauxs by the marriage of Isabella daughter of John de Moels It continu'd in the said family till the death of William the late Lord Botereaux who dying 2 Ed. 4. without issue-male this Lordship with a very great inheritance descended to Margaret his daughter and sole heir marry'd to Robert Lord Hungerford from whom it descended to Mary Lady Hungerford their great Grand-daughter who was marry'd to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford father to George the first of that sirname Earl of Huntingdon in which family it continu'd to the reign of James 1. that Sir Francis Hastings younger son to Francis Earl of Huntingdon being possess'd of the same and having no children did alienate it e Ivel continuing it's course towards the sea joyns with the river Parret which a little more northward is encreas d by the Thone Near the head of this stands Orchard Orchard formerly the inheritance of the Portmans But now that family being extinct in the late Sir William Portman he has left it to his Cousin-german by the mother's side Mr. Henry Seymour who now enjoys it and has his residence there ee Upon the Parret stands Bridgwater Earls of Bâ—idgewater the Earl whereof Henry Daubeny dying without issue-male this title lay dead till the 15 of Jac. 1. when it was conferr'd upon John Egerton Baron of Ellesmere Viscount Brackley and son to the Lord Chancellor Egerton He was succeeded by his son John and this John by a son of the same name f From hence let us go along with Mr. Camden north-west to Glassenbury Glassenbury where amongst other curiosities he mentions the budding of a Hawthorn-tree on Christmas-day The tree has been cut down these many years yet there are some still growing in the County from branches of that as particularly one in the garden of William Stroud Esq possessor of the ground where the other stood another in the garden of the White-hart Inn in Glassenbury g Farther northward are Mendippe-hills Mendippe-hills famous for the lead-mines free for any English-man to work in except he has forfeited his right by stealing any of the oar or tools of the others And their law or custom in that case is very remarkable The Groviers for so the Miners are call'd as the pits they sink are call'd Groves living at some distance leave their tools and the oar they have got sometimes open upon the hill or at best shut up in a slight hutt Whoever amongst them steals any thing and is found guilty is thus punish'd He 's shut up in a hutt and then dry fearn furzes and such other combustible matter is put round it and fire set to it When 't is on fire the Criminal who has his hands and feet at liberty may with them if he can break down his hutt and making himself a passage out of it get free and be gone but must never come to work or have to do any more on the hill This they call Burning of the hill There is lead also dug on Broadwell-down Broad-well and other parts thereabouts lying between Wrinton and Backwell About the west-end of Mendippe-hills is found plenty of Lapis Calaminaris lying near the surface of the earth This calcin'd and mix'd with copper makes brass Here are also some veins of Magnesia or Mangonesse and of Yellow Oker h In those hills is Ochie-hole otherwise call'd Wockey-hole Wockie-hole which latter is certainly the right coming from Æ¿oc which does not imply any hollowness as †Notes upon Polyolb p. 53. Selden would have it for that is express'd by hole but signifies crooked or as he also observes creeky not but that Æ¿oc might come from the British Ogo so that Camden's conjecture may be pertinent enough The inhabitants have broach'd strange and extravagant fables concerning this cave passing by those as impertinent the place is in it self so remarkable as very well to deserve our notice From a very narrow entrance it opens into a large vault the roof whereof either for it's height or the thickness of the air they who go in cannot discover by the light of candles they carry with them After having clamber'd over several rough and unequal passages amongst the moist rocks you come at last to a stream of very clear cold water In several places of this Cave one may see that the droppings of water encrease the rock and turn into stone in some places hanging down like icicles i Amongst those hills is Chuton Chuton famous for the seat of William Bonvill who lies interr'd with his Lady in the Chancel at Chuton It is now the Mannour as well as title of the present Lord Waldgrave whose father by K. James 2. was created Baron Waldgrave of Chuton Towards the north is Chue Magna or Bishops-Chue Chue Magna or Bishops Chue where is dug up a red bolus call'd by the country-people Reding from thence distributed all over England for the marking of sheep and such other uses it is also often us'd by Apothecaries instead of Bolus Armenus A mile east from Chue-Magna on the south-side of the river Chue lies Stanton-Drew Stanton-drew * Aubr MS. where is to be seen a monument of stones like those of Stone-henge in Wiltshire but these being not altogether so big as the Stone-henge ones nor standing in so clear a plain the hedges and trees mix'd amongst them have made them less taken notice of Two miles south of Stanton Drew at Stowey Stowey on the side of the hill above the Church rises a large spring that is never dry The water coming from thence as it runs down through Stowey covers the things it meets in it's way with a stony crust This effect it has not in the very source nor within 20 yards where it rises the place where it works most is about forty or fifty yards from the rising at a fall higher than a man's head There it sheaths every thing with stony cases and makes the sides of the bank hard rock and from thence all along it's stream it covers sticks c. with a crust See a larger description of it in a letter from Mr. Lock inserted in Boyle's Hist of the Air pag. 140. k Returning southward over Mendippe hills we meet with Wells Wells where our Author tells us was a Bishop's seat till John de Villula in the time of King Hen. 1. removing it to Bath the Bishops were call'd Bishops of Bathe and Wells But it is observable that almost 200 years after John the Bishops were only call'd Bishops of Bathe and sometimes of Glaston but not of Wells So that our Author affirming afterwards when he comes to Bathe that this John did retinere Wellensis Episcopi nomen i.e. still keep the title of Bishop of Wells must needs be in a vulgar error For Bishop Godwin in his English Tract of the Bishops expresly says that he
bringing about that happy change The soil for some miles about Bathe especially to the westward as at Coston and thereabouts is so very stony that when 't is newly plough'd one would rather take the ridges for so many pitch'd Causeys to walk on than for a plough'd land to sow corn in so little of earth is to be seen among those bare stones the plough-share turns up Yet here they have as good wheat as any in England tho' perhaps not altogether so much on an acre as in deeper land The Country-men attribute these large crops mostly to the stones and if those were carry'd off the earth left upon the hard rock would be so little that it would not cover their corn and so light that the wind would blow it away t Between Bathe and Bristol a little river runs into the Avon â—â—nâ— â—r MS. upon which is Stanton-drew whereof the latter part might seem to point out some relation to the old Druids but that Drew is the name of an ancient family in the western parts and the monument there call'd the Wedding would strengthen such a conjecture The occasion of the name Wedding is a tradition which passes among the common people That a Bride going to be married she and the rest of the company were chang'd into these stones They are in a circular form 5 or 6 foot high and the whole monument is bigger than Stonehenge the Diameter here being 90 paces tho' no appearance of a ditch Returning to the river Avon we come to Cainsham rather Keynesham Keynesham call'd so from the Virgin Keina of whose family the Keynes of this County some whereof are still living affirm themselves desâ—ended But whereas Mr. Camden affirms he saw a stone like a serpent brought from hence with a head it is a mistake for all our Naturalists now agree that such stones are form'd in Nautili shells and that there are no heads belonging to them Indeed many of them have rough and broken pieces of stone issuing from them beyond the moulded wreath at the broad end which may have led some to imagine that those pieces were imperfect heads but really they are not so Such kind of snake-stones of all sizes from above a foot to an inch or two diameter are found frequently in their quarries w Between this place and Bristol upon the Avon is Bristleton Bristleton abounding in the same sort of cole that are brought from New-castle From Bristleton in several places of the adjacent Country as far as Stratton and Mendippe-hills as also Northward in Glocestershire are found veins of this cole which afford a strong and cheap firing to all those parts These veins of Cole are cover'd with a shell of a black hard stony substance call'd wark which will split like blue slat but is much more brittle and not by much so hard Upon dividing this Wark there is often sound upon one of the separated surfaces the perfect shape of a fern leaf as if it had by a skilful hand been engraven which as an exact mould or case receives the protuberant figure of the like leaf standing out on the other x Next the Avon runs to Bristol Bristol eminent for it's Goutes or subterraneous vaults by reason of which they draw all things on sledges for fear the shaking of cart-wheels should loosen these arches y About the Conqueror's time they paid thirty three marks and one mark of gold to Bishop G. Who this Bishop was is not express'd in Domesday nor any more than the bare initial either of his name or See If we durst say that G. were instead of an S. for those two letters are not unlike Sherborn or Salisbury under whose jurisdiction it seems to have formerly been would solve the difficulty but if that will not do I find none of the Bishop's names about that time beginning with G. If we preserve the reading Glevum or Glocester offers it self fairest which tho' annex'd at times to Lichfield and Worcester seems notwithstanding to have had the title of a Bishop's See z As for the place's being fortified by Robert Bishop of Constance it is a mistake for Geofry as appears from Bishop Godwyn in his Catalogue of Bishops under the title Exon. And Osborn in his Chronicon Juridiciale at the year 1072. tells us that Geofrey Bishop of Constance was the Chief Justiciary of England in that notable cause between Lanfranck Archbishop of Canterbury and Odo Bishop of Bayeux 'T is possible the name of Mowbrey Earl of Northumberland who was nephew to the Bishop and his name Robert might lead our Author into an error aa The castle which our Author tells us was built here by Robert Rufus Consul of Glocester is now quite demolish'd and built into a street aaa The honour of this place has been encreas'd by giving the title of Earl to John Lord Digby of Shirburn created 20 Jac. 1. to whom succeeded in the same honour George his son and John his grandson bb Mr. Camden makes the Diamonds of S. Vincent's rock admirable for thâ—ir six corners but if we may trust our Naturalists they assure us that 't is not worthy of admiration since very often Crystals and Berills and even sometimes your common Sparrs in many parts of England as well as elsewhere are of that figure cc And thus Avon passes into the Severn-sea tho' before we leave it it may not be improper to observe that it furnishes Bristol at the vernal equinox or then abouts with a dish perhaps not to be met with elsewhere which they call Elvers Elvers Some time in the spring the river about Cainsham is yearly cover'd over and colour'd black with millions of little eels scarce so big as a goose quill tho' some would have them a particular species These with small nets they skim up in great numbers and by a particular way of ordering them make them skower off their skins Being thus stripp'd and looking very white they make them up into little Cakes which they fry and so eat Continuation of the DUKES By the attainder of Edward Duke of Somerset that title lay vacant for a long time only Sir Robert Carr Knight of the Bath was by the favour of King James 1. created Earl of Somerset who falling under disgrace upon the account of Sir Thomas Overbury's death and having only a daughter that honour was at an end Upon the restoration of King Charles 2. William Seymour Marquess of Hertford was for his eminent services restor'd to the title of Duke of Somerset and was succeeded by William grandchild by Henry his third son William and Robert the two elder brothers dying unmarry'd William dy'd unmarry'd and had for his successor John Lord Seymour his Uncle who dy'd without issue Whereupon this title was devolv'd upon Sir Francis Seymour the third son to Edward Lord Beauchamp son and heir to Edward Earl of Hertford whose posterity now enjoys it More rare Plants growing wild in Somersetshire Aria
aforesaid but by suppression of 5 dissolution of 2 and alienation of two more they were reduc'd to this number There were 5 more alienated but 5 others were erected in their stead of which Mr. Camden himself had that of Ilfarcomb for above 30 years aa The other ornaments of this place in short are the Cloyster said by Leland to be the most magnificent in England the Library built by Bishop Jewel with the Chapter-house of a large octagonal figure and sustain'd only by a small marble pillar in the middle as also the College built and endow'd by Bishop Ward for 10 Minister's widows In that part of the Suburbs of Salisbury call'd Harnham stood the College de Vaulx which was built by Giles de Bridport Bishop of this place An. Dom. 1260. for the entertainment of several Scholars who retir'd hither upon account of some disturbances at Oxford Here they study'd University-Learning and having a testimonial from their Chancellour of their progress in Learning frequently went to Oxford and took their Degrees And so they continu'd even till Leland's time who speaking of it has these words That part of these Scholars remain in the College in Saresbyri and have two Chaplains to serve the Church there dedicated to S. Nicholas the residue study at Oxford c. Beyond this is the great Bridge call'd Harnhambridge Harnhambridge which was built by virtue of a privilege that Richard Poor obtain'd of Henry 3. when New-Sarum was incorporated viz. Quod ad emendationem ejusdem civitatis vias pontes ad eam ducentes mutent transferant faciant sicut viderint expedire salvo jure cujuslibet In pursuance of which power Robert Bingham his next successor built this stately Bridge An. 1245. which I the rather take notice of because it made such a considerable alteration in Wilton and this place for by bringing the great Western road this way the first presently decay'd and the latter which by the by ‖ Vid. p. 200. Monast Angl. t. 1. p. 197. Matthew Westminster reckons as a County of it self distinct from Wiltshire dayly improv'd bb The Earldom of this place which was bestow'd upon the Cecils in the reign of James 1. has continu'd in that family ever since and is now possess'd by James of that name Not far from this place is West-Deane West-Dean the seat of Sir John Evelyn Knight of the Surrey-family and now devolv'd to a daughter is in the possession of the Right honorable Evelyn Earl of Kingston cc Going along with the Avon we pass by Langford Langford the stately seat of the honorable Henry Hare Viscount Colerain in Ireland a great admirer of Antiquities then by Clarendon Clarendâ—â— in the Park whereof are the footsteps of two Royal Palaces King-manour and Queen-manour Besides the famous Parliament held here temp Hen. 2. there was another summon'd to meet here by King Edw. 2. Anno 1317. but the differences at that time between the King and the Barons were so high that nothing of any moment was transacted This place was honour'd in the time of Charles 2. by giving the title of Earl to Edward Hide Baron of Hindon Viscount Cornbury and Lord Chancellor of England who dying at Roan in Normandy was succeeded by his eldest son Henry Not far from Clarendon is Farle Farle where Sir Stephen Fox one of their Majesties Commissioners of the Treasury out of a respect to his native place has founded a Hospital for 6 old men and as many old women with a Master who is to teach a Free-school here and to officiate in the Church which he also built from the ground a new in room of an old ruin'd Chappel and made it Parochial Northward of this is Frippsbury Frippsâ—â—â—â— a very great entrenchment of a rude circular form it 's Diameter containing 300 large paces it is single-trench'd but the ditch is deep and the rampire high Only about 80 paces within the outer circumvallation is a deep trench without a rampire It has only two entrances one by east and the other on the west and there is some probability of it's being Saxon. dd About 7 miles north of New-Salisbury is Stone-henge Stone-henge a piece of Antiquity so famous as to have gain'd the admiration of all ages and engag'd the pens of some very considerable Authors 'T is of it self so singular and receives so little light from history that almost every one has advanc'd a new notion To give the several conjectures with some short remarks is as much as the narrow compass of our design will allow But not to hunt after such uncertainties and in the mean time pass over what lays before our eyes we will premise a description of the place as it now stands much more distinct than what Mr. Camden has left us It is situated on a rising ground Stone-henge â—scribâ—e environ'd with a deep trench still appearing and about 30 foot broad From the plain it has had three entrances the most considerable lying north-east at each of which was rais'd on the out-side of the trench two huge stones gate-wise parallel whereunto on the inside were two others of less proportion After one has pass'd this ditch he ascends 35 yards before he comes at the Work it self which consists of 4 Circles of Stones The outward Circle is about 100 foot diameter the stones whereof are very large 4 yards in height 2 in breadth and 1 in thickness Two yards and a half within this great Circle is a range of lesser stones Three yards farther is the principal part of the work call'd by Mr. Jones The Cell of an irregular figure made up of two rows of stones the outer of which consists of great upright stones in height 20 foot in breadth 2 yards and in thickness one yard These are coupl'd at the top by large transome stones like Architraves which are 7 foot long and about three and a half thick Within this was also another range of lesser Pyramidal stones of about 6 foot in height In the inmost part of the Cell Mr. Jones observ'd a stone which is now gone appearing not much above the surface of the earth and lying toward the east 4 foot broad and sixteen foot long which was his suppos'd Altar-stone And so much for the structure and dimensions of the Monument only it may in general be observ'd that the stones are not artificial as Mr. Camden and some others would perswade us but purely natural as Mr. Jones p. 35. has asserted The opinions about it may be reduc'd to these 7 heads 1. That it is a work of the Phoenicians as Mr. Sammes in his Britannia conceits a conjecture that has met with so little approbation that I shall not stay to confute it 2. That it was a Temple of the Druids long before the coming in of the Romans which Mr. John Aubrey Fellow of the Royal Society endeavours to prove in his Manuscript Treatise entitl'd Monumenta
the battle of Kennet A. D. 1006. In the plough'd field near Kennet stand three huge upright stones call'd the Devil's coits The Dâ—â— coits which if ‖ Hist of Oxfordsh ch 10 S Dr. Plot 's opinion be true may be British Deities Upon the south-side of the Kennet on the east part of the Martensall-hill Martensalâ— is a single-trench'd quadrangular Camp the form whereof argues it to be Roman and a brass Coin of Constantine which was found near this hill strengthens the conjecture On the north side of the Avon there are barrows c. scattered all over the Downs a particular account whereof may be expected in the design'd History of Wiltshire That large oblong barrow in Munkton-field call'd Milbarrow Milbarrâ— is more especially remarkable as being environ'd with great stones about 6 or 7 foot high And as in this so in all other circumstances it is so like those which †Lib. 1â—â— Wormius describes that there is no doubt but it was the Sepulcher of some Danish Commander About four miles north from hence is Barbury-castle Barbury-castle seated on the top of a high hill and encompass'd with a double ditch the vast fortification whereof the barrows on the adjacent plain the similitude of names the course and time of the Saxon Victories with all other circumstances seem to point out this as the Beranbyrig where Kynrick King of the West-Saxons and his son Ceaulin fought against the Britains in the year 556. Besides the modern name of this place comes a great deal nearer to Beranbyrig than Banbury doth where Mr. Camden fixes that battle For it is observable that an when it is in the second syllable of a place's Saxon-name is generally left out in our modern pronunciation So Baddanbyrig is now Badbury Merantune now Merton Ottanford now Otford Exanceaster now Excester Nor does it appear in the least probable that the Saxons should have carry'd their Conquests so far as the borders of Northamptonshire by that year The name of Banesbyrig us'd by our Author is not to be found in any Copy of the Saxon Chronicle so that an argument drawn from thence is of no force hh Our next place is Marleburh Marâ—â— by the Saxon Annals callâ—d Maerlebeorge probably the Cunetio Cuneâ—â— of Antoninus For the Castle seems to have been a Roman work by the brass Roman Coins found in shaping the Mount now belonging to the Duke of Somerset which was contriv'd out of the Keep of the Castle Notwithstanding our Author's assertion it was probably of some note in the Saxon-times as appears by the reverse of a * Vâ—â—fied â— n. 3â— Saxon Coin on which is engraven CVH NET TI. and the learned Annotator's observation that it is to be meant of Cunetium After the Conquest the Castle here was often besieg'd in the Civil Wars The place has afforded the title of Earl Earâ—â— to James Lord Ley Lord High Treasurer of England created Febr. 5. 1 Car. 1. to whom succeeded his son and grandson but the latter being slain without issue in the sea-sight against the Dutch 1665. the honour came to William his Uncle who dy'd without issue It has of late been conferr'd upon John Lord Churchill who now enjoys it Continuation of the EARLS The honours mention'd by our Author in his conclusion of the Earls have been ever since successively enjoy'd by the Pawlets and lately encreas'd by the title of Duke of Bolton in Yorkshire which Charles of that name at present enjoys HAMP SHIRE by Rob t. Morden More rare Plants growing wild in Wiltshire Agrifolium baccis luteis nondum descriptum Phyt. Brit. Yellow-berried Holly By Warder-castle belonging to the Lord Arundel This I take to be rather an accidental variety of Holly than a distinct species It hath also been found elsewhere as at Wiston in Sbffolk Filix foemina odorata Phyt. Brit. Sweet-scented Female Fern. Somewhere about the Marquess of Hartfords's forest of Savernake which I remember the old Earl took so much notice of that he caused a fair inscription to be made in his garden-pond at his house of Totnam near it to direct to it Mr. Stonehouse This may be enquired into by those Herbarists that live hereabouts Gramen caninum supinum longissimum nondum descriptum Phyt. Brit. Long trailing Dogs grass By Mr. Tuckers at Madington some nine miles from Salisbury with which they fat hogs and which is four and twenty foot long We are not yet satisfied what sort of grass this might be and recommend the inquisition thereof to the industrious and skilful Herbarists of this Countrey Gramen geniculatum aquaticum majus minus Park who blames Casp Bauhine for referring this to the Ischaemon calling it Gramen dactylon aquaticum He tells us they both grow in sundry places of England but have been especially observ'd the greater to grow about Wilton and a great meadow lying among the bridges at the town's end and the other at Warminster both in this County I fear they were neither of them well known to Parkinson and wish they do not lose their labour that search for them in those places Nasturtium sylvestre Erucae affine C. B. sylv Valentinum Clusio J. B. Park Eruca Nasturtio cognata tenuifolia Ger. Cresse-Rocket Found by Mr. Lawson on Salisbury plain not far from Stone-henge Onobrychis seu caput gallinaceum Ger. vulgaris Park foliis viciae fructu echinato major C. B. Polygalon Gesneri J. B. Medick Vetchlin or Cockshead commonly but falsly call'd Saint-foin It s said to grow on the further end of Salisbury plainâ— and likely enough it may though I never hapned to see it there because the soil seems to be of the same nature with Gogmagog hills and New-market heath on the borders whereof it grows plentifully Polygonatum vulgare Park Solomon's Seal See the Synonymes in the Kent Cat. In a bushy close belonging to the Parsonage of Alderbury near Clarenden two miles from Salisbury Park p. 699. Polygonatum humile Anglicum D. Bobert Dwarf-English Solomon's Seal Found by Mr. Philip More Gardiner of Grays-Inn in the Woods of Wiltshire HAMSHIRE NEXT to Wiltshire is that Countrey which by the Saxons was call'd Ham tunscire see the Additions Hanteschyr now commonly Hamshire a the inward part of which without doubt belong'd to the Belgae that which lies along the sea-coasts to the Regni an ancient people of Britain It is bounded on the West by Dorsetshire and Wiltshire on the South by the Ocean on the East by Sussex and Surrey on the North by Barkshire 'T is a County that is very fruitful in Corn and in many places well wooded rich in herbage and has all sea commodities being well situated by it's many creeks and havens for all sort of traffick It is thought to have been the first that was reduc'd to the power of the Romans for our Histories report that it was conquer'd by Vespasian Vespasian and there are sufficient grounds
Robert Earl Moreton half brother by the mother's side to William the Conquerour 15 And then had 56 Burgesses After the attainder of his son William Earl of Moriton it came to K. Henry 1. by Escheat In the composition between Stephen and K. Henry 2. both town and castle with whatsoever Richard de Aquila had of the honour of Pevensey which after his name was called Honor de Aquila and Baronia de Aquila or of the Eagle was assigned to William son to K. Stephen But he surrendred it with Norwich into King Henry 2 â—s hands in the year 1158. when he restor'd to him all such lands as Stephen was seised of before he usurped the Crown of England afterwards to William son to King Stephen who surrender'd it back to King Henry 2. from whom he had receiv'd it as a free gift Treaty between Henry and K. Stephen together with the lands formerly of Richer de Aquila or of the Eagle from whom they had the name of the Honour of the Eagle The honour of the Eagle Long it lay in the crown till K. Henry 3. granted it 16 Which had fallen to the Crown by Escheat for that Gilbert de Aquila had passed into Normandy against the King's good will to Peter Earl of Savoy the Queen's Uncle But he fearing the envy of the English against foreigners relinquish'd it to the King and so at length it came to the Dutchy of Lancaster to the Earls of Richmond of Bretagne from whom it fell to the crown again But now there is nothing remaining of the castle but the walls Some part of this Honour of the Eagle Henry 4. gave afterwards to the family of the Pelhams for their loyalty and good services Haâ—d by stands Herst amongst the woods Herst what it â—â—gnifies which has it's name from it's woody situation For the Saxons call'd a wood Hyrst This was immediately after the first coming in of the Normans the seat of certain Gentlemen who from the place were for some time named De Herst till such time as William son of Walleran de Herst took the name of Monceaux Register of the Monastery of Roberts-bridge from the place perhaps of his birth a thing usual in that age whereupon that name was annex'd to the place call'd ever since from it's Lord Herst Monceaux Herst Monceaux From whose posterity it descended hereditarily to the Fiennes Family of the Fiennes These Fiennes call'd likewise Fenis and Fienles are descended from Ingelram de Fienes who marry'd the heir of Pharamuse of Boloigne Pat. 37. H. 6. 17 About the time of K. Edw. 2. Sir John Fienes married the heir of Monceaux his son William married one of the heirs of the Lord Say his son likewise the heir of Balisford whose son Sir Roger Fienes married the daughter of Holland and in the first year of K. Henry 6. built of brick the large fair uniform and convenient house here Castle-like within a deep moat of whom K. Henry 6. accepted declared and reputed Richard Fenis to be Baron of Dacre And King Edw. 4. chosen honorary Arbitrator between him and Humphrâ—y Dacre An. 13 Ed. 4. Lord Dacre of the south confirm'd it to the said Richard Fenis and to his heirs lawfully begotten because he had married Joan the Cousin and next heir of Thomas Baron Dacre 18 And to have precedence before the L. Dacre of Gilesland heir male of the family sinâ—e which time 19 The heirs lineally descenaing from him being enrich'd by one of the heirs of the Lord Fitz-Hugh his posterity have flourish'd under the dignity of Barons Dacre till George Fiennes Lord Dacre 20 Son to the unfortunate Thomas Lord Dacre died very lately without issue Whose only sister and heir Margaret Sampson Lennard Esquire a person of extraordinary virtue and civility took to wife 21 And by her hath fair issue In whose behalf it was published declared and adjudged by the Lords Commissioners for martial Causes in the 2d year of the Reign of K. James with his privity and assent Royal That the said Margaret ought to bear have and enjoy the name state degree title stile honour place and precedency of the Barâ—ny of Dacre to have and to hold to her and the issue of her body in as full and ample manner as any of her ancestor enjoy'd the same And that her Children may and shall have take and enjoy the place and precedence respectively as the children of her Ancestors Barons Dacre have formerly had and enjoy'd But to return back a little 22 About 3 miles from Pevensey is Beckes-hill a place much frequented by St. Richard Bishop of Chichester and where he died Under this is Bulverhith in an open shore with a roofless Church not so named of a Bulls Hide which cut into Thongs by William the Conqueror reached to Battaile as the fable for it had that name before his coming Put here he arriv'd c. at this Pevensey William the Norman I shall again give you a short account because the place requires it of that which I shall treat of more fully elsewhere arriv'd with his whole navy upon the coast of Britain landed his army and having strongly entrench'd his camp set his ships on fire that their only hope might lye in their courage and resolution their only safety in victory And 23 After two days marched to Hastings quickly after marched to a Plain near Hastings 24 Then to an hill near Nenfield now call'd Standard-Hill because as they say he there pitched his Standard and from thence two miles further where in a plain c. where the Dye as it were was thrown for the Kingdom of England and the English Saxon Empire came to an end For there our Harold notwithstanding his forces by a former fight with the Danes were much diminish'd and fatigued by a long march gave him battel in a place call'd Epiton K. Harold's fight with William the Conqueror on the 14th of October 1066. When the Normans had given the signal of battel the first encounter began with flights of arrows from both armies for some time then setting foot to foot as if they fought man to man they maintain'd the battel a long while But when the English with admirable courage and bravery had receiv'd their fiercest onset the Norman horse furiously charg'd them with full career But when neither of these cou'd break the army they as they had before agreed retreated but kept their ranks in good order The English thinking they fled broke their ranks and without keeping any order press'd hard upon the enemy but they rallying their forces charg'd afresh on every side with the thickest of them and encompassing them round repuls'd them with a mighty slaughter yet the English having gotten the higher ground stood it out a long time till Harold himself was shot thro' with an arrow and fell down dead then they
3. had seiz'd their lands into his hands he granted the Rape of Hastings first to Peter Earl of Savoy then to Prince Edward his son and after upon his surrender to John son to the Duke of Little Britain upon certain exchanges of lands pertaining to the Honour of Richmond which Peter Earl of Savoy had made over for the use of the Prince Long time after when the Dukes of Britain had lost their lands in England for adhering to the French King King Henry 4. gave the Rape of Hastings with the mannour of Crowherst Burgwash c. to Sir John Pelham the elder upon whose loyalty wisdom and valour he much relied Furthermore as there were certain great Gentlemen in this County at the beginning of the Norman times sirnam'd de Hastings one of whom Matthew de Hastings held the mannour of Grenocle by this tenure â—â—uisitio 5. â—w 1. That he should find at this haven an Oar whenever the King would cross the seas so the noble family of the Hastings now Earls of Huntingdon enjoys this title of Hastings For King Edward 4. bestow'd it with certain Royalties upon William Hastings his Chamberlain â—illiam â—d Haâ—â—â—ngs who is commended by Cominaeus for that having receiv'd a yearly pension from Lewis xi the French King he could not by any means be perswaded to give him an acquittance under his own hand I will in no case said he that my hand be seen among the accounts of the French King's treasury But this man by falling too deep into the friendship of Kings quite overwhelmed himself For whilst he deliver'd his mind too freely in a Cabinet-Council with the Usurper Richard 3. he was unexpectedly hurried away and without trial beheaded immediately l He had notwithstanding an honourable burial in S. George's Chapel in Windsor leaving issue Edward Lord Hastings his son and heir Neither must we forget to take notice â— H. 6. â—on Hoo â—d Haâ—â—â—ngs that King Henry 6. ennobled Tho. Hoo a worthy person whom he also chose into the Order of the Garter with the Title of Baron Hoo and Hastings whose daughters and heirs were marry'd to Geoffrey Bollen from whom by the mothers side Queen Elizabeth was descended to Roger Copeley John Carew and John Devenish Thence the shore retires backwards and is hollow'd inwards being full of many windings and creeks within which stands Winchelsea Winchelsea built in the time of K. Edward 1. when a more ancient town of the same name in Saxon Wincelsea was quite swallow'd up by the raging and tempestuous Ocean in the year 1250. at which time the face of the earth both here and in the adjoyning coast of Kent was much alter'd It 's situation I will set before you in the very words of Tho. Walsingham Situate it is upon a very high hill very steep on that side which looks towards the sea or overlooks the Road where the Ships lie at Anchor Whence it is that the way leading from that port to the haven goes not streight forward lest it should by a down-right descent force those that go down to fall head-long or them that go up to creep rather on their hands than walk but lying sideways it winds with crooked turns in and out to one side and the other At first it was inclos'd with a mud after with a very strong wall but scarce began to flourish till it was sack'd by the French and Spaniards and by the sea 's shrinking back from it as it were on a sudden faded and fell to decay 28 And now only beareth the countenance of a fair town and hath under it in the level which the sea relinquished a Castle fortify'd by Henry 8. and large marshes defended from Sea-rages with works very chargeable h By which accident and the benefit of the sea it 's neighbour Rye Rye began to flourish or rather to reflourish for that it flourish'd in ancient times and that William of Ipres Earl of Kent fortify'd it Ipres Tower and the immunities and privileges that it had in common with the Cinque-Ports do sufficiently shew But either by reason of the Vicinity of Winchelsea or the sea 's recess it was inconsiderable for a long time But when Winchelsea decay'd and King Edward 3. wall'd it about it began to recover it self and within the memory of our fathers the Ocean to make a rich amends for the injury it had done swell'd with an extraordinary tempest and broke so violently in insinuating it self in form of a bay that it made a very convenient Port which another tempest likewise in our age did not a little contribute to Since which time it has greatly re-flourish'd with inhabitants buildings fishing and navigation and is now the usual passage from hence to Normandy 29 Yet now it beginneth to complain that the sea abandoneth it such is the variable and interchangeable course of that element and in part imputeth it that the river Rother is not contain'd in his Chanel and so loseth it's force to carry away the sands and beach which the sea doth inhear into the haven Notwithstanding it hath many Fishing vessels and serveth London and the Court with variety of Sea-fish But as to it's name whether it takes it from Rive a Norman word which signifies a Bank I cannot easily say Yet since in Records it is very often call'd in Latin ripa and they who bring fish from thence are termed Ripiers I encline the rather this way and should encline more if the French us'd this word for a shore as Pliny does Ripa 30 These two towns neither may it seem impertinent to note it belong'd to the Abbey of Fescampe in Normandy But when K. Henry 3. perceiv'd that Religious men intermingled secretly in matters of state he gave them in exchange for these two Chiltenham and Sclover two manours in Gloucestershire and other lands adding for the reason that the Abbots and Monks might not lawfully sight with temporal Arms against the enemies of the Crown Into this haven the river Rother or Rither hath it's influx which springing at Ritheramfeld River Rother for so the old English call'd that town which we call Rotherfeld runs by Burgwash formerly Burghersh Lords Burghersh which had Lords so sirnam'd amongst whom was that Sir Bartholomew Burgwash a mighty man in his time who being found by most solemn embassies and the wars in Aquitain to be a person of great prudence and undaunted valour was thought fit to be created a Baron of England and to be admitted into the Order of the Garter at the very first institution even amongst the Founders as also to be Constable of Dover-Castle and Warden of the Cinque-Ports And his son of the same Christian name no way degenerating from his father liv'd in a great deal of splendor and honour but left but one only daughter behind him marry'd into the family of Le Despencer descended m Call'd S. Mary's of Robertsbridge and
of the Cistercian Order That part of it which is now standing is a farm-house belonging to my Lord of Leicester from whom many noble persons still remain Echingham next adjoyning had also a Baron in the time of K. Edward 2. Baron Echingham William de Echingham whose ancestors were * Seneschalli Stewards of this Rape But the Inheritance by heirs females came to the Barons of Windsor and the Tirwhitts Then the Rother dividing his waters into 3 chanels Robertsbridge or Rotherbridge Bodiam passes under Robertsbridge where in the reign of Hen. 2. Alured de St. Martin founded a Monastery m Call'd S. Mary's of Robertbridge and of the Cistercian Order That part of it which is now standing is a farm-house belonging to my Lord of Leicester and so running by Bodiam a Castle belonging to the ancient and famous family of the Lewkneys built by the Dalegrigs here falls into the sea Now I have pass'd along the sea-coast of Sussex As for the Mediterranean parts there is nothing worth taking notice of unless I shou'd reckon up the Woods and Forests of great extent both in length and breadth the remains of the vast and famous wood Anderida Among which to begin at the west the most noted are these the Forest of Arundel S. Leonard's Forest Word Forest 31 And not far off East-Grensted anciently a parcel of the Barony of Eagle and made a Market by King Henry 7. Ashdown Forest under which lies Buckhurst Baron Backhurâ—t the seat of the ancient family of the Sackvils of which Q Elizabeth in our memory advanced Thomas Sackvil 32 Her Alley by the Bullens a Gentleman of great wisdom to be Baron of Buckhurst took him into her Privy Council elected him into the most honorable Order of the Garter and made him Lord Treasurer of England whom also of late K. James created Earl of Dorset Waterdown Forest 33 Where I saw Bridge a lodge of the Lord Abergavenny and by it craggy rocks rising up so thick as tho' sporting Nature had there purposed a sea Hereby in the very confines of Kent is Groomebridge an habitation of the Wallers whose House there was built by Charles Duke of Orleans father to K. Lâ—wis 12. of France when he being taken Prisoner in the Battel at Agincourt by Richard Waller of this place was here a long time detained Prisoner and that of Dallington the least of all Earls of Sussex See the Eâ—â—ls â—f Arundel Sussex has had 5 Earls of the family of D'Aubeney who were likewise called Earls of Arundel 34 the first of them was William D'Aubeney the son of William Butler to King Hen. 1. and Lord of Buckenham in Norfolk who gave for his Arms Gules a Lion rampant Or and was call'd sometimes Earl of Arundel and sometimes Earl of Chichester because in those places he kept his chief residence He had by Adeliza daughter of Godfrey Barbatus Duke of Lorrain and Brabant Queen Dowager to King Hen. 1. William the 2d Earl of Sussex and Arundel Father of William the 3d. Earl unto whom Mabil sister and one of the heirs of the last Ranulph Earl of Chester bore William the 4th Earl and Hugh the 5th Earl who both died issueless and also 4 Daughters married to Robert Lord of Tateshall John Fitz-Alan Roger de Somery and Robert de Mount-hault Afterwards the title of Arundel sprouted forth again as I said before in the Fitz-Alans But that of Sussex lay as it were forgotten and lost till our age which hath seen 5 Ratcliffs descended of the most noble house of the Fitz-Walters that fetch'd their original from the Clares bearing that honour viz. Robert created Earl of Sussex by K. Hen. 8. 21 Hâ—â—t who married Elizabeth daughter of Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham by whom he had Henry the 2d Earl to whom Eliz. the daughter of Tho. Howard Duke of Norfolk bore Thomas who was Lord Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth and dy'd without issue a Heroe of very great worth and honour in whose mind were joyntly seated both the wisdom of a Statesman and the courage of a Soldier as England and Ireland had reason to acknowledge Henry his brother succeeded him after Henry Robert his only son an honourable young Gentleman who now enjoys the Earldom This County contains 312 Parishes So much for Sussex which together with Surrey was the seat of the Regni afterwards the Kingdom of the South-Saxons The kingdom of the South-Saxons called in Saxon †The true reading is Suth-seaxna ric Suþ-seaxan-ric which 31 years after the coming in of the Saxons was begun by Aella who according to Bede First amongst the Kings of the English Nation ruled all their southern Provinces which are sever'd by the River Humber and the adjacent limits The first Christian King was Edilwalch baptiz'd in the presence of Wulpher King of Mercia his Godfather who gave him in token of adoption two Provinces the Isle of Wight and the Province of the Meanvari But in the 306th year from the beginning of this Kingdom upon Aldinius the last King 's being slain by Ina it came wholly under the Dominion of the West-Saxons ADDITIONS to SVSSEX a THE County of Sussex as in the north part it still abounds with wood so as our Author observes the greatest part of it seems to have been formerly in the same condition For I can never believe but that vast Weald being 30 miles in breadth and beginning in the south part of Kent must in it's way to Hamshire take up a considerable tract of this Shire And if so we may inferr from hence this account of it that the inhabitants could be but very few and thin-plac'd for a long time Which is plain from the two * Lambard Perambulat p. 224. Somner's Forts and Forts p. 107. Kentish Antiquaries affirming that for a great while the whole Weald was scarce any thing else besides a desert and vast wilderness not planted with towns or peopl d with men but stuff'd with herds of deer and droves of hogs only Which account may be very rationally grounded upon this bottom that no part of the Weald appears by the several Grants to have been let out by the King the only Lord and Proprietor of it in Manours but in so many Dens which imply'd only a woody place yielding covert and feeding for cattel and that there is no other use of them express'd but only Pannage for hogs From which hint is gather'd the primitive state of the greatest part of this County b In after times our Author observes among other things that they deaâ—t in the Glass-trade Put that lasted not long for whether it was that it turn'd to little account or that they found themselves out-vy'd by other places there are now no Glass-houses in the whole County At present as in our Author's time they are most famous for the Iron-works which are in several places of this County some whereof have both
in the manour of Breede tho' in Sussex descend according to the custom of Gavel-kind Here is a kind of Couâ—t kept every 3 weeks where Actions between man and man are try'd and the Officers are exempt from attending the Assizes or Sessions h To the east upon the sea-shore is Winchelsey Winchelsey which ‖ De rebus Albion pag. 25. Twine falsly imagines to have been written originally Windchelseum from it's being expos'd to the winds for so he adds Olim vento frigori ponto obnoxium unde ei nomen obvenit But 't is by Mr. Somner interpreted a waterish place seated in a corner which exactly answers the nature and situation of the place lying at the corner of Kent and Sussex The new town was endow'd with the same privileges which the old one had namely those of the Cinque-ports to which it belongs as one of the ancient towns It still retains that of sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament tho' the Electors are but very few the town being most miserably decay'd by the loss of it's market trade and all inhabitants of any note An argument whereof is that the grass grows in the very streets tho' they are all pav'd to that degree as makes the herbage sometimes yeild 4 l. per An. It seems at first to have been built with admirable regularity the streets standing all at right angles and divided into 32 squares or quarters as they are now call'd There were anciently in it 3 Parish-Churches tho' there is now only the chancel of the largest of them remaining which is the present Parish-Church The stone work of the three gates is yet standing This place has afforded the title of Countess to Elizabeth wife to Sir Moyle Finch and daughter and heir to Sir Thomas Heneage Knight having been before created Viscountess of Maidstone by K. James 1. which titles descended to Sir Tho. Finche her son whose eldest son Heneage is now Earl of Winchelsey At some distance from Winchelsea is Selscombe Selscombe where as also in several places of this County are mineral-waters of the same nature with those at Tunbridge and altogether as strongly impregnated More to the east in the parish of East-Guildford East-Guildford which is the utmost bounds of Sussex eastward is a peculiar way of Tithing their marsh-lands whereby they pay only 3 d. per Acre to the Rector whilst in pasture but if plough'd 5 s. Continuation of the EARLS Robert the last Earl mention'd by our Author dying 5 Car. 1. left the title of Earl of Sussex to his son Edward but he having no issue the family of the Ratcliffs Earls of Sussex ended in him and that title was conferr'd on the 25 of May 1644. upon Thomas Lord Savil of Pontfract and was afterwards enjoy'd by James his son who dy'd without issue Upon which Thomas Leonard Lord Dacres of Gillisland An. 1674. had this honour conferr'd upon him More rare Plants growing wild in Sussex Alysson Germanicum echioides Lob. Buglossum sylvestre caulibus procumbentibus C. B. Borago minor sylvestris Park Cynoglossa fortè topiaria Plinii Echium lappulatum quibusdam J. B. Aparine major Plinii Ger. Small wild Bugloss by some great Goose-grass and German Mudwort Found by Boxley in this County Chamaedrys spuria foliis pediculis oblongis insidentibus An chamaedryi spuriae affinis rotundifolia scutellata C. B Alysson Dioscoridis montanum Col. Wild or bastard Germander with leaves standing on long footstalks In moist woods and hedges I observed it first at Cockfield in Sussex Filix saxatilis ramosa maritima nostras Filix saxatilis crispa Parkinsoni D. Merret Pin. Small-branched Stone-fern I observed this first growing on the rocks by the sea side in this County where it was sometimes dashed with the sea-water Foeniculum vulgare Common Fennel or Finckle Observed by Tho. Willisell to grow plentifully at the west-end of Pemsey marsh Lathyri majoris species flore rubente albido minore dumetorum sive Germanicus J. B. sylvestris Dod. angustifolius Clusii ex sententia J. B. sylv major C. B. sylv Dodonaei Park The other great wild Lathyrus or Pease-everlasting I found this first near Poynings a village on the Downs of Sussex Since Mr. Dale hath found it in Essex Oenanthe Cicutae facie Lobelii Park Chaerephylli foliis C. B. Succo viroso Cicutae facie Lobelio J. B. Filipendula Cicutae facie Ger. Hemlock Dropwort Frequent in watery ditches and rivulets in this Country Peucedanum Ger. vulgare Park Germanicum C. B. Minus Germanicum J. B. Hogs Fennel Sulphur-wort Harestrong In the marsh ditches about Shoreham KENT by Rob t. Morden CANTIUM I Am now come to Kent a country indeed which William Lambard a person eminent for Learning and piety had describ'd so much to the life in a just Volume and has been so lucky in his searches that he has left but very little for those that come after him Yet in pursuit of my intended method I will run this over among the rest and lest as the Comick Poet says any one should suspect me * Sublesta fide agere to be a pilferer I here gratefully acknowledge that he was my Foundation and Fountain Time has not yet depriv'd this Country of it's ancient name but as Caesar Strabo Carion corruptly read in Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus Ptolemy and others call it Cantium so the Saxons as Ninnius tells us nam'd it Cant-guar-lantð i.e. the country of men inhabiting Kent and we now Kent †Some are of opinion that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Herodotus are Caesar's Cantii and our Kentish-men See Camden's Epistles p. 119. Lambard fetches this name from Cainc signifying in British a green leaf because 't was formerly shaded with woods But for my part if I may be allow'd the liberty of a conjecture when I observe that here Britain shoots out into a large corner eastward and farther take notice that such a corner in Scotland is call'd Cantir that the inhabitants also of another angle in that part of the Island are by Ptolemy call'd Cantae that the Cangani were possess'd of another corner in Wales not to mention the Cantabri inhabiting a corner among the Celtiberians who as they had the same original so did they make use of the same language with our Britains upon these grounds I should guess it to have that name from the situation And the rather both because our French have us'd ‖ From whence in Heraldry Canton is put for a corner and the country of the Helvetii call'd by the French Cantones as if one should say Corners Canton for a corner borrowing it probably from the ancient language of the Gaules for it is not either from the German or Latin which together with that ancient one are the only ingredients of our modern French as also because this County is call'd Angulus or a corner by all the old Geographers For it faces France with a large corner surrounded a This in
under is Ulcomb anciently a Mansion of the family De Sancto Leodegario commonly called Sentieger and Sellinger and Morinden where Sir R. Rockesley descended from Kriol and Crevecer built a house who held Lands at Seaton by Serjeanty to be Vantraâ—â—s Regis Fin. Mic. 11 E. 2. when the King goeth into Gascoin donec perusus fuerit pari solutarum pretii 4 d. which as they that understand Law-Latin for I do not translate that he should be the King's fore-footman until he had worn our a pair of shooes prized 4 d. Nor hath this river any other thing memorable upon it besides Leeds-castle Leeds-castle Famâ—y the Câ—â—queâ— built by the noble Crevequers call'd in ancient Charters de Crâ—uecuer and de Crepito corde Afterwards it was the unfortunate seat of Bartholomew Baron of Badilsmer who treacherously fortify'd it against King Edward 6. that had given it him but afterwards had the rewards of his treachery upon the gallows Take if you please the whole relation out of a little history of Thomas De-la-More a Nobleman of the same time which I lately publish'd In the year 1321. came Queen Isabel to the castle of Leeds about Michaelmas where she had design'd to lodge all night but was not suffer'd to enter The King highly resenting this as done in contempt of him call'd together some neighbouring inhabitants out of Essex and London and gave orders to besiege the Castle Bartholo mew de Badilsmer was he who own'd it and having left his wife and sons in it was gone with the rest of the Barons to spoil the estate of Hugh De-Spenser The besieg'd in the mean time despairing of succour the Barons with their Associates came as far as Kingston and by the mediation of the Bishops of Canterbury and London and the Earl of Pembroke petition'd the King to raise the Siege promising to surrender the Castle after the next Parliament But the King considering that the besieg'd could not hold out and moreover incens'd with their contumacy would not listen to the petition of the Barons After they had betook themselves to other parts he gain'd the Castle tho' with no small difficulty the rest of them that were in it he hang'd and sent his wife and sons to the Tower of London Thus the Medway after it has receiv'd the little river Len passes through fruitful Corn-fields and by Allington-Castle where Tho. Wiat senior a most learned Knight â—â—ford rebuilt a fair house 40 Now decay'd whose son Sir Thomas enrich'd by an heir of Sir T. Haut proposing to himself great hopes upon fair pretences pitifully overthrew himself and his state to Ailesford in Saxon Eaglesforð call'd by Henry Huntingdon Elstre by Ninnius Epifford who also has told us that 't was call'd Saissenaeg-haibail by the Britains because of the Saxons being conquer'd there as others have in the same sense call'd it Anglesford For Guor-timer the Britain son of Guortigern fell upon Hengist and the English Saxons here and disordering them so at first that they were not able to stand a second charge he put them to flight so that they had been routed for ever had not Hengist by a singular art of preventing dangers betook himself into the Isle of Thanet till that resolute fierceness of the Britains was a little allay'd and fresh forces came out of Germany In this battel the two Generals were slain Catigern the Britain and Horsa the Saxon the latter was buried at Horsted a little way from hence â—d and left his name to the place the former was bury'd in great state â—â—en's as 't is thought near Ailesford where 41 Under the side of a hill but not so artificially with mortis and tenents those four vast stones are pitch'd on end with others lying cross-ways upon them much of the same form with that British monument call'd Stone-henge And this the ignorant common people do still from Catigern name Keith-coty-house 42 In Ailsford it self for the religious house of the Carmelites founded by Richard Lord Grey of Codnor in the time of K. Henry 3. is now seen a fair habitation of Sir William Siddey a learned Knight painfully and expencefully studious of the common good of his country as both his endow'd house for the poor and the bridge here with the common voice do plentifully testifie p Nor must we forget Boxley â—â—y hard by where William de Ipres a Fleming Earl of Kent built a monastery in the year 1145. and supply'd it with monks from Clarevalle in Burgundy 43 Medway having wound himself higher from the east receiveth a brook springing near Wrotham or Wirtham so named for plenty of worts where the Archbishops had a place until Simon Islip pull'd it down leaveth Malling which grew to be a town after Gundulph Bishop of Rochester had there founded an Abbey of Nuns and watereth Leibourn which hath a Castle sometime the seat of a family thereof sirnamed out of which Sir Roger Leibourn was a great Agent in the Barons wars and William was a Parliamentary Baron in the time of K. Edw. 1. and not far from the opposite bank â—g just over against this is Birling 44 Now the habitation of the Lord Abergeveny formerly the Barony of the Maminots then of the Saies whose estate at last came by females to the families of Clinton Fienes and Aulton On the east-side of the Medway after it has pass'd by Halling â—â—g where Hamo de Heath Bishop of Rochester built a seat for his successors a little higher up is an ancient city call'd by Antoninus Duro-brus Duro-brivae and in some other places more truly Duro-provae â—â—revâ—s â—anciâ—ble â—sh'd â—elfer 〈◊〉 â—r 〈…〉 â—ester or Durobrovae Bede has it Duro-brevis and in the decline of the Roman Empire time did so contract this name that it was call'd Roibis whence with the addition of Ceaster which being deriv'd from the Latin castrum was us'd by our Forefathers to signifie a city town or castle they call'd it Hroueceaster and we more contractly Rochester as the Latins Roffa from one Rhoffus as Bede imagines tho' to me there seems to be some remains of that in the old Duro brovis And as to the name there is no reason to doubt of that since beside the course of the Itinerary and Bede's authority in an old Foundation-Charter of the Cathedral Church it is expresly call'd Durobrovis Only this I would have observ'd that the printed Copies of Bede read Daruervum where the Manuscripts have Durobrovis It is plac'd in a valley on some sides encompass'd 45 With a marsh river with walls but not very strong and as Malmesbury says is pent within too narrow a compass so that 't was formerly look'd upon as a Castle rather than a City for Bede calls it Castellum Cantuariorum i.e. the castle of the Kentish men But now it runs out with large suburbs towards west east and south It has had a great many
Dissolution the plate and jewels thereof fill'd two great chests each whereof requir'd eight men to carry them out of the Church Monast Angl. vol. 1. p. 18. So that the name of Christ to whom it was dedicated was almost quite laid aside for that of S. Thomas Nor was it so much fam'd for any other thing as the memory and burial of this man tho' it has some other tombs that may deservedly be boasted of particularly Edward Prince of Wales sirnam'd the Black a heroe for his valour in war a downright miracle and Henry 4. that potent King of England But King Henry 8. dispers'd all this wealth that had been so long in gathering and drove out the Monks in lieu whereof this Christ-Church has a Dean Archdeacon 12 Prebendaries and 6 Preachers whose business it is to sow the word of God in the neighbouring places It had another Church below the city to the East which disputed preeminence with this St. Augustine's commonly St. Austen's known by the name of S. Austin's because S. Austin himself and K. Ethelbert by his advice founded it to the honour of S. Peter and S. Paul for a burying place both to the Kings of Kent and the Archbishops for it was not then lawful to bury in Cities it was richly endow'd and the Abbot there had a Mint granted him and the Privilege of coyning money Now as the greatest part of it lyes in its own ruines and the rest is turn'd into a house for the King any one that beholds it may easily apprehend what it has been Austin himself was bury'd in the Porch of it and as Thomas Spot has told us with this Epitaph Inclytus Anglorum praesul pius decus altum Hic Augustinus requiescit corpore sanctus The Kingdom 's honour and the Church's grace Here Austin England's blest Apostle lays But Bede o Tho' Bede may be otherwise very good authority yet here he certainly fails for the title Archiepiscopus occurring in it is a plain evidence that 't is of later date since that title could not be then in the Western Church nor was it allow'd commonly to Metropolitans as Mabillon and others have observ'd till about the ninth age See Stillingfleet 's Origin Britan. p. 21 22. who is better authority assures us that he had over him this much more ancient Inscription HIC REQVIESCIT DOMINVS AVGVSTINVS DOROVERNENSIS ARCHIEPISCOPVS PRIMVS QVI OLIM HVC A BEATO GREGORIO ROMANAE VRBIS PONTIFICE DIRECTVS ET A DEO OPERATIONE MIRACVLORVM SVFFVLTVS ET ETHELBERTHVM REGEM AC GENTEM ILLIVS AB IDOLORVM CVLTV AD FIDEM CHRISTI PERDVXIT ET COMPLETIS IN PACE DIEBVS OFFICII SVI DEFVNCTVS EST SEPTIMO KALENDAS IVNIAS EODEM REGE REGNANTE That is Here resteth S. Augustine the first Archbishop of Canterbury who being formerly dispatch'd hither by the blessed Gregory Bishop of Rome and supported of God by the working of miracles both drew Ethelberht with his kingdom from the worship of Idols to the faith of Christ and also having fulfill'd the days of his Office dy'd on the 7th of the Kalends of June in the same King's reign With him there were bury'd in the same porch the six Archbishops that immediately succeeded and in honour of the whole seven namely Austin Laurentius Mellitus Justus Honorius Deus-dedit and Theodosius were those verses engraven in marble SEPTEM SUNT ANGLI PRIMATES ET PROTOPATRES SEPTEM RECTORES SEPTEM COELOQVE TRIONES SEPTEM CISTERNAE VITAE SEPTEMQVE LVCERNAE ET SEPTEM PALMAE REGNI SEPTEMQVE CORONAE SEPTEM SVNT STELLAE QUAS HAEC TENET AREA CELLAE Seven Patriarchs of England Primates seven Seven Rectors and seven Labourers in heaven Seven Cisterns pure of life seven Lamps of light Seven Palms and of this Realm seven Crowns full bright Seven Stars are here bestow'd in vault below It will not be very material to take notice of another Church near this which as Bede has it was built by the Romans and dedicated to S. Martin and in which before the coming of Austin Bertha of the blood Royal of the Franks and wife of Ethelbert was us'd to have divine Service celebrated according to the Christian Religion As to the Castle which appears on the south-side of the City with it's decay'd bulwarks since it does not seem to be of any great Antiquity I have nothing memorable to say of it but only that it was built by the Normans Of the dignity of the See of Canterbury which was formerly very great I shall only say thus much that as in former ages under the Hierarchy of the Church of Rome the Archbishops of Canterbury were Primates of all England Legates of the Pope and as Pope Urban 2. express'd it as it were Patriarchs of another world so when the Pope's Authority was thrown off it was decreed by a Synod held in the year 1534. that laying aside that title Primate and Metropolitan of all England they should be stil'd Primates and Metropolitans of all England This dignity was lately possess'd by the most reverend Father in God John Whitgift who having consecrated his whole life to God and his utmost endeavours to the service of the Church dy'd in the year 1604. extremely lamented by all good men He was succeeded by Richard Bancroft a man of singular courage and prudence in matters relating to the establishment of the Church Canterbury is 51 degrees 16 minutes in Latitude and 24 degrees 51 minutes in Longitude xx After Stour has gather'd it's waters into one chanel it runs by Hackington Hackington where Lora Countess of Leicester a very honorable Lady in her time quitting the pleasures of the world sequester'd her self from all commerce with it to have her time entire for the service of God At which time Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury began a Church in this place to the honour of S. Stephen and Thomas of Canterbury but the Authority of the Pope prohibiting it for fear it should tend to the prejudice of the Monks of Canterbury he let his design fall However from that time the place has kept the name of S. Stephens S. Stephens and Sir Roger Manwood Knight Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer a person of great knowledge in our Common Law to whose munificence the poor inhabitants are very much indebted was lately it's greatest ornament nor is his son Sir Peter Manwood Knight of the Bath a less honour to it at this day whom I could not but mention with this respect and deference since he is an encourager of virtue learning and learned men From hence the Stour by Fordich Fordich which in Domesday-book is call'd the little burrough of Forewich famous for it's excellent trouts passes on to Sturemouth 69 Which it hath now forsaken a mile and more yet left and bequeathed his name to it But now by Stoure-mouth runneth a brook which issuing out of S. Eadburgh's Well at Liming where the daughter to K. Ethelbert first of our
chanel and over-against the Island was a City call'd by Ptolemy Rhutupiae â—â—â—â—â—piae us Truâ—â—â—â—s by Tacitus Portus Trutulensis for Rhutupensis if B. Rhenanus's conjecture hold good by Antoninus Rhitupis portus by Ammianus Rhutupiae statio by Orosius the port and city of Rhutubus by the Saxons according to Bede Reptacester and by others Ruptimuth â—â—â—â—borâ—â—â— by Alfred of Beverley Richberge and at this day Richborrow thus has time sported in making alterations of the very same name aa What the original of it may be is not certainly agreed upon But since Sandwich and Sandibay places near this have their name from Sand and Rhyd Tusith in British signifies a sandy ford I would willingly if I durst fetch it from thence The City was stretch'd out along the descent of a hill and there was a tower upon a high ground that over-look'd the Ocean which now the sands have so entirely excluded that it scarce comes within a mile of it When the Romans govern'd here it was exceeding famous From hence they commonly set sail out of Britain for the Continent and here the Roman fleets arriv'd Lupicinus sent over into Britain by Constantius to stop the excursions of the Scots and Picts landed here the Heruli the Batavians and the Moesian Regiments And Theodosius father of Theodosius the Emperour to whom as Symmachus tells us the Senate decree'd statues on horse-back for having quieted Britain came to land here with his Herculii Jovii Victores Fidentes which were so many Cohorts of the Romans Afterwards when the Saxon pirates stopp'd up all trade by sea and infested our coasts with frequent robberies the second Legion call'd Augusta which had been brought out of Germany by the Emperour Claudius and for many years resided at the Isca Silurum in Wales was remov'd hither and had here a * Praepositus commander of it's own under the Count of the Saxon shore Which office was possibly bore by that Clemens Maximus who after he was saluted Emperour by the soldiery in Britain slew Gratian and was himself afterwards slain by Theodosius at Aquileia For Ausonius in his Verses concerning Aquileia calls him Rhutupinum Latronem i.e. the Rhutupian Robber Maximus armigeri quondam sub nomine lixae Foelix quae tanti spectatrix laeta triumphi Fudisti Ausonio Rhutupinum Marte latronem Vile Maximus at first a knapsack rogue O happy you who all the triumph view'd And the Rhutupian thief with Roman arms subdu'd There was also another President of Rhutupiae Flavius Sanctus whose memory the same Poet has preserv'd in his Parentalia speaking thus of him Militiam nullo qui turbine sedulus egit Praeside laetatus quo ‖ Some are of opinion that Rhutupinus in this place signifies all Britain Rhutupinus ager Who bore with ease the long fatigues of war And blest Rhutupium with his constant care Ausonius likewise bestows an Elegy upon his uncle Claudius Contentus who had put to usury a great stock of money among the Britains and mightily encreas'd the principal by interest but being cut off by death left it all to foreigners and was bury'd here Et patruos Elegeia meos reminiscere cantus Contentum tellus quem Rhutupina tegit And let my Uncle grace the mournful sound Contentus buried in Rhutupian ground This Rhutupiae flourish'd likewise after the coming in of the Saxons For Authors tell us it was the palace of Ethelbert King of Kent and Bede honours it with the name of a City But from that time forward it decay'd nor is it so much as mention'd by any writer except Alfred of Beverley who has told us how Alcher with his Kentish men routed the Danes then encumber'd with the spoil about this place call'd at that time Richberge But now age has eras'd the very tracks of it and to teach us that Cities dye as well as men it is at this day a corn-field wherein when the corn is grown up one may observe the draughts of streets crossing one another for where they have gone the corn is thinner and such crossings they commonly call S. Augustine's cross Nothing now remains but some ruinous walls of a tower 71 Of rough flint and long Britain bricks mightily strengthned by tract of time so that the cement is as hard as the stone Over the entry whereof is fixed a head of a personage engraven in stone some say it was Queen Bertha's head but I take it to be a Roman work of a square form and cemented with a sort of sand extremely binding One would imagine this had been the Acropolis it looks down from so great a height upon the wet plains in Thanet which the Ocean withdrawing it self by little and little has quite left But the plot of the City now plow'd has often cast up the marks of it's Antiquity gold and silver coyns of the Romans and shews its daughter a little below call'd from the Sand by the Saxons SondÆ¿ic and by us Sandwich Sandwich bb This is one of the Cinque-Ports as they call them fenc'd on the north and west sides with walls on the rest with a rampire a river and a ditch As it was formerly sensible of the fury of the Danes so was it in the last age of the fire of the French Now 't is pretty populous tho' the haven by reason of the sands heap'd in and that great ship of burthen of Pope Paul the fourth's sunk in the very chanel has not depth enough to carry vessels of the larger sort 72 In ancient times it sundry times felt the furious forces of the Danes Afterward King Kanutus the Dane when he had gained the Crown of England bestow'd it upon Christ's Church in Canterbury with the royalty of the water on each side so far forth as a ship being afloat a man might cast a Danish hatchet out of the Vessel to the bank In the Norman reign it was reckon'd one of the Cinque Ports and to find five ships In the year 1217. Lewis of France of whom we spake lately burned it King Edward 1. for a time plac'd here the Staple and King Edward 3. by exchange re-united it to the Crown About which time there flourished here a Family sirnamed De Sandwico which had matched with one of the Heirs of Creveceur and D'auranches Lord of Folkeston and deserved well of this place In the time of King Henry 6. it was burned by the French In our days Sir Roger Manwood chief Baron of the Exchequer a Native of this place built and endowed here a free school and the Netherlanders have bettered the Town by making and trading of Baies and other Commodities Cantium Prom. Below Rhutupiae Ptolemy places the promontory Cantium as the utmost cape of this angle read corruptly in some Copies Nucantium and Acantium call'd by Diodorus Carion and by us at this day the Foreland Notwithstanding the whole shore all hereabouts is call'd by the Poëts the Rhutupian shore from Rhutupiae From whence
85 Sir Hamon Crevequer Hamon de Crevequer and by his daughter to 86 Sir John John of Sandwich whose grandchild Juliana by his son John brought the same for her portion to John de Segrave From hence the shore 87 Turning south-westward Sandgate-castle built by K. Henry 8. defendeth the coast and upon a Castle-hill thereby are seen reliques of an ancient castle turning westward has Saltwood near it â—â—wood a Castle of the Archbishops of Canterbury enlarg'd by William Courtney Archbishop of that See and Ostenhanger where 88 Sir Edward Poinings and among them of Thomas Lord Poining Lieutenant of Bolen Edward Baron Poinings famous for his many bastards began a stately house 89 But left it unperfect when death had bereft him of his only lawful child which he had by his lawful wife the daughter of Sir J. Scot his neighbour at Scots-hall where the family of Scots hath liv'd in worshipful estimation a long time as descended from Pasheley and Serjeaux by Pimpe 〈◊〉 or â—â—at At 4 miles distance is Hith one of the Cinque-Ports from whence it had that name Hið in Saxon signifying a Port or Station tho' at present it can hardly answer the name by reason of the sands heap'd in there which have shut out the sea a great distance from it Nor is it very long since it 's first rise dating it from the decay of West-hythe which is a little town hard by to the west and was a haven till in the memory of our grandfathers the sea drew off from it 90 So are sea-towns subject to the uncertain vicissitude of the sea But both Hythe and West-hythe owe their original to Lime a little village adjoyning formerly a most famous port before it was shut up with the sands that were cast in by the sea Antoninus and the Notitia call it Portus Lemanis â—â—â—â—us Leâ—â—â—â—s Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which being a significative word in Greek the Librarians to supply a seeming defect writ it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so the Latin Interpreters have turn'd it into Novus Portus i.e. the new haven whereas the name of the place was Limen or Leman as it is at this day Lime Lime Here the Captain over the Company of Turnacenses kept his Station under the Count of the Saxon shore and from hence to Canterbury there is a pav'd military way 91 Call'd Stony-street Stony-street which one may easily discern to be a work of the Romans as is also a Castle hard by call'd Stutfall which included 10 acres upon the descent of a hill and the remains of the walls made of British bricks and flints are so closely cemented with a mortar of lime sand and pebles that they still bear up against time dd Tho' it is not a port at this day yet it still retains a considerable badge of it's ancient dignity for here at a place call'd Shipway the Warden of the Cinque-Ports took a solemn oath when he enter'd upon his office and here also on set-days controversies were decided between the inhabitants of those ports Some have been of opinion that a large river did once discharge it self into the sea at this place because a Writer or two has mention'd the river Lemanus and the mouth of Lemanis where the Danish fleet arriv'd in the year of our Lord 892. But I fancy they are mistaken in the description of the place both because here is no such thing as a river save a little one that presently dies and also because the Archdeacon of Huntingdon an Author of great credit has told us that this fleet arriv'd at the Portus Lemanis without e'er a word of the river Unless any one think as for my part I dare not that the river Rother which runs into the Ocean below Rhy had it's chanel this way and chang'd it by little and little when that champain tract Rumney-marsh Rumney-marsh grew into firm land For this plain level which from Lemanis contains 14 miles in length and 8 in breadth has 2 towns 19 parishes and about 44200 acres of land that because of it's fruitfulness is very good for fatting cattel has by degrees been joyn'd by the sea to the land Upon which I may as well call it the gift of the sea as Herodotus has call'd Aegypt the gift of the river Nile Peter Nannius and a very learned man has stil'd the pastures of Holland the gifts of the north-wind and the Rhine For the sea to make amends for what it has swallow'd up in other parts of this coast has restor'd it here either by retiring or by bringing in a muddy sort of substance from time to time so that some places which within the memory of our grandfathers stood upon the sea-side are now a mile or two from it How fruitful the soil is what herds of cattel it feeds that are sent hither to fat from the remotest parts of England and with what art they raise walls to fence it against the incursions of the sea are things one would hardly believe that has not narrowly view'd them For the better government of it 92 Certain Laws of Sewers were made in the time of K. Henry 3. and c. King Edward 4. made it a Corporation consisting of a Bailiff Jurates and a Common-council In the Saxon times the inhabitants of it were call'd Mersc-Æ¿are i.e. †Marsh or fenny men ‖ Viri palustres the signification of which name agrees exactly to the nature of the place And for my part I do not understand Aethelwerd that ancient Writer when he tells us that Cinulph King of the Mercians destroy'd Kent and the country call'd Mersc-warum and in another place that Herbythus a Captain was slain by the Danes in a place call'd Mersc-warum unless he means this very marshy tract Rumney or Romeney and formerly Romenal which some infer from the name to have been a work of the Romans is the chief town of these parts and of the number of the Cinque-ports having Old-Romney and Lid as members of it Rumney which in the form above-mention'd were bound to fit out five ships for the wars See Sussex under the title Cinque Ports p. 177. 'T is seated upon a high hill of gravel and sand and on the west-side of it had a pretty large haven that was guarded against most winds before the sea withdrew it self The inhabitants as Domesday-book has it upon account of their Sea-service were exempt from all customs except robbery breach of the peace and Foristell And about that time it was at it's height for it was divided into 12 Wards it has five Parish-Churches a Priory and an Hospital for the sick An. 1287. But in the reign of Edward the first when the sea driven forward by the violence of the winds overflow'd this tract and for a great way together destroy'd men cattle and houses threw down Prom-hill a little populous village and
remov'd the Rother which formerly empty'd it self here into the sea out of it's chanel stopping up it's mouth and opening for it a nearer passage into the sea by Rhie then it began by little and little to forsake this town which has decay'd by degrees ever since and has lost much of it's ancient populousness and dignity Below this the land shoots forth a long way eastward we call it Nesse as resembling a nose 93 Before which lieth a dangerous flat in the sea upon which stands Lid Lid. a pretty populous town whither the inhabitants of Prom-hill betook themselves after that inundation And in the very utmost Promontory call'd Denge-nesse Denge-nesse where is nothing but beech and pebles there grow * Ilices Holme-trees with sharp pricky leaves always green representing a low wood for a mile together and more Among those pebles near Stone-end is a heap of larger stones which the neighbouring people call the monument of S. Crispin and S. Crispinian who they say were cast upon this shore by shipwrack and call d from hence into an heavenly Country From hence the shore turning it's course goes directly westward and has a sort of pease which grows in great plenty and naturally amongst the pebles in large bunches like grapes in taste differing very little from field-pease and so runs forward to the mouth of the Rother which for some time divides Kent from Sussex The course of this river as to Sussex-side we have briefly spoken to before On Kent-side it has Newenden which I am almost perswaded was that haven I have long sought after call'd by the Notitia Anderida Anderida by the Britains Caer Andred and by the Saxons Andredsceaster Andredsceaster First because the inhabitants affirm it to have been a town and haven of very great Antiquity 94 Whereof they shew the plott next from its situation by the wood Andredswald to which it gave that name and lastly because the Saxons seem'd to have call'd it Brittenden i.e. a valley of the Britains as they call'd also Segontium of which before from whence Selbrittenden is the name of the whole Hundred adjoyning The Romans to defend this coast against the Saxon Pirats plac'd here a band of the Abulci with their Captain Afterwards it was quite destroy'd by the outrages of the Saxons For Hengist having a design to drive the Britains entirely out of Kent and finding it his interest to strengthen his party by fresh supplies 95 Of his own nation sent for Aella out of Germany with great numbers of the Saxons Then making a vigorous assault upon this Anderida the Britains that lay in ambuscade in the next wood did disturb him to such a degree that when at last after much blood-shed on both sides by dividing his forces he had defeated the Britains in the woods and at the same time broke into the town his barbarous heart was so inflam'd with a desire of revenge that he put the inhabitants to the sword and demolish'd the place For many ages after as Huntingdon tells us there appeared nothing but ruins to those that travell'd that way till under Edward the first the Friers Carmelites just come from Mount Carmel in Palestine and above all desiring solitary places had a little Monastery built them at the charge of †Sir Thomas Albuger Knight upon which a town presently sprung up and with respect to the more ancient one that had been demolish'd began to be call d Newenden i.e. a new town in a valley 96 I saw nothing there now but a mean village with a poor Church and a wooden bridge to no great purpose for a ferry is in most use since that the river Rother not containing himself in his Chanel hath overlaid and is like to endanger and surround the level of rich lands thereby Whereupon the inhabitants of Rhie complain that their haven is not scour'd by the stream of Rother as heretofore and the owners here suffer great loss which their neighbours in Oxeney do fear if it were remedy'd would fall upon them This is a river-Isle ten miles about encompass't with the river Rother dividing his streams and now brackish having his name either of mire which our Ancestors called Hox or of Oxen which it feedeth plentifully with rank grass Opposite to this is c. Lower down the river Rother divides it's waters and surrounds Oxney Oxâ—ey an Island abounding with grass and near its mouth has Apuldore Apuâ—dâ—â—â— where that infectious rout of Danish and Norman pirates after they had been preying upon the French-coasts under Hasting their Commander landed with their large spoils and built a castle but King Alfred by his great courage forced them to accept conditions of peace d d d Near in a woody part are Cranbroke Tenderden Benenden and other neighbouring towns 97 Sisingherst a fair house of the family of Bakers advanced by Sir John Baker not long since Chancellour of the Exchequer and his marriage with a daughter and heir of Dingley Bengebury an habitation of the ancient family of Colepepper and near adjoyning Hemsted a mansion of thâ— Guildfords an old family but most eminent since Sir John Guildford was Controuler of the House to King Edward 4. For his son and heir Sir Richard Guildford was by King Henry 7. made Knight of the Garter Of his sons again Sir Edward Guildford was Marshal of Calais Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Master of the Ordnance Father to Jane Dutchess of Northumberland Wife to Sir J. Dudley Duke of Northumberland Mother to the late Earls of Warwick and Leicester and Sir Henry was chosen Knight of the Garter by King Henry 8. and had his Arms enabled with a Canton of Granado by Ferdinand King of Spain for his worthy service in that Kingdom when it was recover'd from the Moors and Edward liv'd in great esteem at home To be brief from the said Sir John are issued by Females immediately the Darels of Cale-hill Gages Brownes of Beechworth Walsinghams Cromers Isaacs and Iseleies families of prime and principal note in these parts But now I digress and therefore crave pardon wherein the * The Cloathing of Kent is very much decay'd cloath-trade has been very much encourag'd ever since the time of Edward 3. who in the tenth year of his reign invited over into England some of the Flemings by promises of large rewards and grants of several immunities The Câ— Manâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Englâ—â— to teach the English the cloath-manufacture which is now one of the pillars of the kingdom 98 Thus much of Kent which to conclude summarily hath this part last spoken of for Drapery the Isle of Tenet and the east parts for the Granary the Weald for the Wood Rumney-marsh for the meadow-plot the north Downs towards the The Thames for the Cony-garthe Tenham and thereabout for an Orchard and Head-corne for the brood and poultrey of fat big and commended Capons Now
is uncertain ‖ Phillpot's Villare Cant p 203. Some would have it to be the Camp which Caesar made when the Britains gave him the last battle with their united forces just before he past the Thames in pursuit of Cassivelaun But I can scarce believe either that Caesar had time to cast up such a work or that he would not have mentioned a thing so considerable in his Commentaries Much rather should I think it if at all by the Romans to have been done some time after when they had reduc'd the Nation into a Province and made them stations at certain distances for the better quartering their Armies and that this is what remains of the old Noviomagus which must be hereabout betwixt London and Maidstone I know it is a little too far distant from London and so likewise from Maidstone the old Vagniacae the stations on each hand of it being about 12 miles from London in a straight line and 20 at least from Maidstone whereas in the Itinerary it is but 10 and 18. Yet it much better agrees with the situation of Noviomagus than Woodcot in Surrey * See Camden in Surrey where our Author places it for tho' that be indeed but 10 miles from London as the Irinerary sets it yet it is at least 30 from Maidstone which is so quite out of all distance that for this and other reasons I rather place it here there being no other footsteps hereabout of any such matter that will answer it better Somewhat lower near this River lyes Bromley Bromley remarkable not only for the Bishop of Rochester's Palace but for a College or Hospital of late there erected temp Car. 2. by the right Reverend Father in God Dr. John Warner late Lord Bishop of Rochester for the maintenance of 20 poor Ministers widows with the allowance of 20 l. per An. to each and fifty to their Chaplain which is the first of this kind ever erected in England and was the Pattern whereby the right Reverend Fathers George Lord Bishop of Winchester and Seth Lord Bishop of Salisbury both proceeded who have since done the like at their respective Sees d Near the place where it falls into the Thames lyes Depford Depford the Seat of the ancient Barons Mamignot or Mamigniot whereof Walkelin the Son of Gislebert being Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports held Dover Castle as our Author relates it against King Stephen whereas ‖ Peramb p. 125. Mr. Lambard says he deliver'd it to him and for that reason after the King's death abandon'd the charge and fled into Normandy who dying without issue by marriage of his Sister it came to the Sayes from whom it receiv'd the name of Sayes-Court which it still retains tho' now it be enjoy'd by the ancient family of the Evelyns the most ingenious Gentleman John Evelyn Esq who has oblig'd the world with so many learned pieces now residing upon it e Within sight of Depford stands the Honour of Greenwich Greenwich finish't by King Henry 8. and honour'd with the birth of Queen Mary as well as of Queen Elizabeth King Edward 6. also died there but that house is in a manner now quite demolish't and another begun in the place by King Charles 2. which stands imperfect King Henry 7. bestowed much cost upon the Tower or Castle and so did Hen. Howard Earl of Northampton but this is also now quite ras'd and a Royal Observatory set in the place by King Charles 2. furnish't with all sorts of Mathematical Instruments fit for Astronomical Observations such as Clocks Telescopes Quadrants and a deep dry well for observation of the Stars in the day time all which are most diligently and skilfully us'd by the learned Mr. Flamsted the King's Mathematician The same Earl of Northampton also built an Hospital here endowing it with lands for the maintenance of a Governour and 20 poor men he built likewise two others in Shropshire and Norfolk as appears by the Epitaph on his magnificent tomb in the south isle of the Church in Dover Castle where he lies not interr'd but in a marble coffin that is supported above the marble table of his tomb about 5 foot from the ground The Epitaph is this Henricus Howardus Henrici Comitis Surriae filius Thomae secundi Norfolciae Ducis Nepos Thomae tertii Frater Comes Northamptoniae Baro Howard de Marnhill privati Sigilli Custos Castri Durovernensis Constabularius quinque Portuum Custos Cancellarius Constabularius Jacobo magnae Britanniae Regi ab intimis Consiliis Ordinis Periscelidis Eques auratus Academiae Cantabrigiensis Cancellarius inter Nobiles literatissimus in spem resurgendi in Christo hic conditur Obiit 15º die Junii MDCXIV Inclytus hic Comes tria Hospitalia fundavit latifundiis ditavit unum Greenwici in Cantio in quo xx egeni Praefectus Alterum Cluni in Comitatu Salopiae in quo xii egeni cum Praefecto Tertium ad Castrum Rising in Com. Norfolciae in quo 12 pauperculae cum Gubernatrice in perpetuum aluntur The latter part whereof runs thus in English This renowned Earl founded three Hospitals and endow'd them with Lands one at Greenwich in Kent in which a Governour and 20 poor men another at Clun in Shropshire in which a Governour and 12 poor men a third at the Castle of Rising in Norfolk in which a Governess with 12 poor women are maintained for ever f Below Greenwich our Author tells us is great store of Cochlearia or Scurvygrass Scurvy-grass which as I am inform'd by Mr. Ray is not Cochlearia rotundifolia sive Batavorum which we call Garden-Scurvygrass tho' that also be found in many places on our coasts and on some mountains in the midland but Cochlearia Britannica or Sea-Scurvygrass and so cannot be the Britannica of Pliny tho' it may have the same virtues What the true Britannica of Pliny and the Ancients is Abraham Muntingius thinks he has found out He makes it to be the great water-dock Hydrolapathum maximum Ger. Park g The next river the Thames receives out of Kent is that call'd Darent which passes by Sevenoke Sevenoke at some distance remarkable only for a Lord Mayor of that name who gratefully built an Hospital and School there and for the defeat of Sir Humphry Stafford by Jack Cade and his followers whom the King sent against them h Then it goes immediately to Otford Otford famous not only for the battel betwixt the Saxons and Danes mention'd by our Author but for another long before betwixt the Saxons themselves wherein Offa King of the Mercians so compleatly subdu'd Ealhmund King of Kent and his whole Country An. 773 that he endeavour'd to transferr as it were in triumph the Archiepiscopal Chair into his own dominions which he effected so far that he got Lichfield exempted from the jurisdiction of Canterbury obtaining a Pall for it of Pope Adrian 1. An. 766. the Sees of
no great intreaty to perswade this young Gallant to undertake an employment so amorous and pleasing The way to destruction is easie and quickly learnt he seem'd wonderful cunning to himself but all his cunning was but folly In him were concentred all those accomplishments that might captivate foolish and unthinking virgins beauty wit riches and an obliging mein and he was mighty solicitous to have a private apartment to himself The Devil therefore expelled Pallas and brought in Venus and converted the Church of our Saviour and his Saints into an accursed Pantheon the Temple into a very Stew and the Lambs were transformed into Wolves When many of them proved with child and the youth began to languish being overcome with the excess and variety of pleasure he hastens home with the reports of his conquests worthy to have the reward of iniquity to his expecting lord and uncle The Earl immediately addresses the King and acquaints him That the Abbess and the Nuns were gotten with child and had rendred themselves prostitutes to all comers all which upon inquisition was found true Upon the expulsion of the Nuns he begs Berkley had it granted him by the King and settled it upon his wife Gueda but as Doomsday-book â—omsday-â—ok hath it she refused to eat any thing out of this Manour because of the destruction of the Abby And therefore he bought Udecester for her maintenance whilst she lived at Berkley thus a conscientious mind will never enrich it self with ill gotten possessions I had rather you should be informed from Historians than from me how King Edward 2. being deprived of his Kingdom by the artifice of his wife was afterwards murder'd in this Castle by the damnable subtilty of Adam Bishop of Hereford â—e â—â—ness 〈◊〉 Bishop who sent these enigmatical words to his keepers without either point or comma Edvardum occidere nolite timere bonum est To seek to shed King Edward's blood Refuse to fear I think it good So that by the double sence and construction of the words they might be encouraged to commit the murther â—â—rder of â—â—ward 2. and he plausibly vindicate himself to the people from giving any directions in it Below this place the little river Aven runs into the sea at the head whereof scarce 8 miles from the shore on the hills near Alderley a small town are found various stones resembling Cockles and Oysters â—â—ones like â—ockles which whether they were living animals or the ludicrous fancies of nature let natural Philosophers enquire But Fracastorius the Prince of Philosophers in our age makes no question but that they were animals engendred in the sea and so carried by the waters to the tops of the mountains for he affirms hills to have been cast up by the sea and that they were at first only heaps of sand tumbled together and fixed there by the waters also that the sea overflow'd where the hills now rise aloft upon whose return into its wonted course there was first discovery made both of Islands and Hills q But these things are beside my purpose Trajectus The Trajectus that Antonine mentions to be opposite to Abon where they used to pass the Severne was as I imagine by the name heretofore at Oldbury i.e. if you interpret the word an ancient Burrough as now we ferry over at Aust a village somewhat lower r â—ust Vilâ—â—ge This was formerly call'd Aust Clive â—ust-clive for it is situate upon a very high craggy cliff What the aforementioned Mapes has told us was done in this place is worth your knowledge Edward the elder saith he lying at Aust Clive and Leolin Prince of Wales at Bethesley when the latter would neither come down to a conference nor cross the Severn Edward passed over to Leolin who seeing the King and knowing who he was threw his royal Robes upon the ground which he had prepared to sit in judgment with and leaped into the water breast high and embracing the boat said Most wise King your humility has conquer'd my pride Pride conquer'd by humility and your wisdom triumphed over my folly mount upon that neck which I have foolishly exalted against you so shall you enter into that Country which your goodness hath this day made your own And so taking him upon his shoulders he made him sit upon his Robes and joyning hands did him hominium homage On the same shore is situate Thornbury Thornbury where are to be seen the foundations of a magnificent Castle which Edward last Duke of Buckingham designed to erect in the year 1511. as the inscription makes it appear s 11 When he had taken down an ancient house which Hugh Audeley Earl of Glocester had formerly built Seven miles from hence the river Avon running into Severne separates Glocestershire and Somersetshire and not far from the river-side is seen Puckle-church Puckle-church anciently a royal village call'd Puckle-kerks where Edmund King of England was kill'd with a dagger as he interposed himself between Leof a noted Thief and his Sewer that were quarrelling t Near this place lyeth Winterbourne of which the g They had their name from Bradstone in the Parish of Berkley where there erected a Chantry Bradstones Bradstones were Lords 12 Among whom Sir Thomas was summoned among the Barons in the time of King Edward 3. from whom the Viscounts Montacute Barons of Wentworth c. are descended as also Acton Acton Ireton which gave name to a Knightly family whose heiress being married to Sir Nicholas Pointz Pointz in the time of Edward 2. left it to her Posterity Derham a small Village in the Saxon Deorham Deorham Marianus where Ceaulin the Saxon in a bloody engagement slew three of the British Princes Commeail Condidan Fariemeiol with divers others and so dispossessed the Britains of that part of their Country for ever There are yet to be seen in that place huge Rampiers and Trenches as Fortifications of their Camps and other most infallible signs of so great a war This was the Barony of James de novo Mercatu Jacobus de Novo-mercatu who having three daughters married them to Nicholas de Moils John de Botereaux and Ralph Russel whose Posterity being enrich'd by marrying into the honourable Family of the Gorges assumed that name u 13 But from Ralph Russel the heir this Deorham descended to the family of Venis Above these is Sodbury known by the family of Walsh and neighbours thereunto are Wike-ware the ancient seat of the Family De-la-ware Woton under Edge which yet remembreth the slaughter of Sir Thomas Talbot Viscount Lisle here slain in the time of King Edward 4. in an encounter with the Lord Barkley about possessions since which time hath continued suits between their Posterity until now lately they were finally compounded More northward is seen Duresly the ancient possession of the Berkleys hence call'd Berkleys of Duresly 14 Who built
here a Castle now more than ruinous they were Founders of the adjacent Abby of Kingswood of the Cistercian order w 15 Derived from Tintern whom Maud the Empress greatly enriched The males of this House failed in the time of King Richard 2. and the Heir General was married to Cantelow Within one mile of this where the river Cam lately spoken of springeth is Uleigh a seat also of the Barkleys descended from the Barons Barkley styled of Uleigh and Stoke-Giffard who were found Coheirs to J. Baron Boutetort descended from the Baron Zouch of Richard Castles aliàs Mortimer and the Somerys Lords of Dueley And not far eastward we behold Beverstone-castle Beverston formerly belonging to the Gournys and Ab-Adams Ab-Adams who flourish'd under Edward 1. but afterwards to the Knightly family of the Berkleys x Hitherto I have made cursory remarks upon those places in this County which are situate beyond or upon Severn now I will pass forward to the easterly parts which I observ'd were hilly to wit Cotswold Cotswold which takes it's name from the hills and sheepcotes for mountains and hills 16 Without woods the Englishmen in old times termed Woulds Would what in English upon which account the ancient Glossary interprets the Alps of Italy the Woulds of Italy Upon these hills are fed large flocks of sheep with the whitest wool having long necks and square Bodies by reason as is supposed of their hilly and short pasture whose fine wool is much valued in foreign nations Under the side of these hills as it were in a neighbourhood together lye these following places most remarkable for their Antiquity y 17 Beginning at the north-east end of them Campden Campden commonly called Camden a noted market town where as John Castor averrs all the Kings of the Saxon Race had a congress in the year 689 and had a common consult how to carry on the war joyntly against the Britains which town 16 Weston and Biselay were in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester in William the Conqueror's time Inq. 2. Ed. 2. was in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester and from his posterity descended 17 By Nicolao de Albeniaco an Inheritrice to the ancient Earls of Arundel unto Roger de Somery by Nicholas de Albeniaco to Roger de Somery z h This place is in Warwickshire Adjoyning unto it is Weston of no great antiquity but now remarkable for the stately house there built by Ralph Sheldon for him and his posterity which at a great distance makes a fine prospect Hales Hales a most flourishing Abbey built by Richard Earl of Cornwal and King of the Romans 18 Who was there buried with his wife Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence famous for its scholar Alexander de Hales a great master of that knotty and subtile sort of school divinity aa 19 As he carried away the sirname of Doctor Irrefragabilis that is the Doctor ungainsaid as he that could not be gainsaid Sudley Sudley formerly Sudleagh i The neat Church here was ruin'd in the Civil wars and the best part of the Castle is since pull'd down a beautiful castle lately the seat 20 Of Sir Tho. Seimor Baron Seimor of Sudley and Admiral of England attainted in the time of K. Edw. 6 and afterward of Sir John Bruges whom Q. Mary c. of Giles Bruges Baron of Chandos Barons of Chandos whose grandfather John was honoured by Queen Mary with that title because he derived his pedigree from the ancient family of Chandos out of which there flourish'd in the reign of K. Edw. 3. 21 Sir John a famous Banneret L. of Caumont and Kerkitou in France John Chandos Viscount St. Saviours in France eminent for his services and great success in war The former Lords hence called Barons of Sudley Barons of Sudley that lived here were of an ancient English Race deducing their original from Goda the daughter of K. Aethelred whose son Ralph Medantinus Earl of Hereford was the father of Harold Lord of Sudley whose progeny long continued here until for want of issue male the heiress married with 22 Sir William William Butler of the family of Wem and brought him a son named Thomas He was father of Ralph Lord high Treasurer of England whom Hen. 6. created Baron of Sudley 23 With a fee of 200 marks yearly and who new built this castle His sisters were married into the families of Northbury and Belknape by which their possessions were in a short time divided into different families Hard by this is Toddington Toddington where the Tracies Tracies of a worshipful and ancient family have long flourished and formerly received many favours from the Barons of Sudley But how in the first reformation of religion William Tracy Lord of this place was censured after his death his body being dug up and burn'd publickly for some slight words in his last Will which those times call'd heretical or how in preceding times another William Tracy imbrued his hands in the blood of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Ecclesiastical writers having told us at large is now no part of my business to relate Winchelcomb Winchelcomb is here seated which is a populous town where Kenulph the Mercian King erected a Monastery and upon the day of it's consecration freely dismissed Edbricth King of Kent then his prisoner without any ransome paid 'T is scarce credible in what great repute this monastery was for the sake of the reliques of K. Kenesm a child of 7 years old whom his sister privately bereaved of his life to gain the inheritance and who was by that age added to the number of martyrs The neighbourhood of this place was formerly reckoned as a County or Sheriffdom by it self for we find in an ancient manuscript belonging to the Church of Worcester these words Edric sirnamed Streona that is the * Adquisitor Acquirer who under Ethelred and afterwards under Cnute or Canute presided and reigned as a Viceroy over all England adjoyned the Sheriffdom of Winchelcombe which was then an entire thing in it self to the County of Glocester bb 24 Thence I found nothing memorable but near the fountain of Churn river Coberley a seat of a stem of Barkeleis so often named even from the Conquest which matched with an heir of Chandos and so came hereditarily to the Bruges progenitors to the Lords Chandos Then by Bird-lip-hill whereby we ascended to this high Coteswold Lower in the County lyeth Brimesfield Brimesfield where the Giffords were formerly Lords Giffords Barons to whom by marriage with the Cliffords came a plentiful Estate but soon after having only daughters it fell to the Lords Le Strange of Blackmer the Audleys and others cc These places are situate amongst the hills but under the hills upon the East-confines of the County I saw that famous Roman highway call'd the Fosse
dark stars with her refulgent train There Earth and Ocean their embraces join Here Ganges Danube Thermadon and Rhine And fruitful Nile in costly sculpture shine Above the rest Great Britain sits in state With golden fleeces cloath'd and crown'd with wheat And Gallick spoils lye trampled at her feet c. Here awful Isis fills his liquid throne Isis whom British streams their monarch own His never-wearied hands a spatious urn Down on his azure bosom gravely turn And flaggs and reeds his unpoll'd locks adorn Each waving horn the subject stream supplies And grateful light darts from his shining eyes His grizzly beard all wet hangs dropping down And gushing veins in wat'ry chanels run The little fish in joyful numbers crowd And silver swans fly o'er the crystal flood And clap their snowy wings c. Now as to what relates to the Earls of Glocester Earls of Gâ—ocester some have obtruded upon us William Fitz-Eustace for the first Earl Who this was I have not yet met with in my reading and l believe there was never such an one extant kk but what I have found I will not conceal from the Reader 'T is said that about the Norman Invasion one Bithrick a Saxon was Lord of Glocester Hist Monast against whom Maud the wife of William the Norman was highly exasperated Tewkesbury for the contempt of her beauty for he refus'd to marry her and so maliciously contrived his ruin and when he was cast into prison his estate was granted by the Conquerour to Robert the son of Haimon of Curboyle in Normandy commonly call'd Fitz-Haimon Fitz. Haimon who receiving a blow on the head with a Pole Guil. Malm. lived a great while raving and distracted His daughter Mabel by others call'd Sybil was married to Robert natural son of King Henry 1. who was made first Earl of Glocester and by the common writers of that age is call'd Consul of Glocester a man above all others in those times of a great and undaunted spirit that was never dismay'd by misfortunes and performed heroick and difficult actions with mighty honour in the cause of his sister Maud against Stephen the usurper of the crown of England His son William succeeded in the honour 31 Who dejected with comfortless grief when death had deprived him of his only son and heir assured his estate with his eldest daughter to John son to K. Henry 2. with certaine proviso's for his other daughters whose 3 daughters conveyed the dignity to so many families †John when he had obtained the kingdom repudiated her upon pretences as well that she was barren as that they were within prohibited degrees of consanguinity and reserving the castle of Bristow to himself after some time passed over his repudiated wife with the honour of Glocester to Geoffrey Mandevile son of Geoffrey Fitz-Peter Earl of Essex for 20000 marks who thus over marrying himself was greatly impoverished and wounded in Tournament died soon after without issue she being re-married to Hubert of Burgh died immediately The eldest Isabella brought this title to John the son of K. Henry 2. but when he had possessed himself of the throne he procured a divorce from her and sold her for 20000 marks to Geoffry de Mandeville son of Geoffry son of Peter Earl of Essex Pat. 15. Joan. R. 4. and created him Earl of Glocester He being dead without issue Almaric †Ebroicensis son to the Earl of Eureux had this honour conferred upon him as being born of Mabil 32 The eldest the youngest daughter of Earl William aforesaid But Almaric dying also childless the honour descended to Amicia the second daughter who being married to Richard de Clare Earl of Hertford was mother to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester 33 Who was stiled Earl of Glocester and Hertford and mightily enrich'd his house by marrying one of the heirs of William Marshall Earl of Pembroke His son and successor Richard in the beginning of the Barons Wars against K. Hen. 3. ended his life having Gilbert his son to succeed him who powerfully and prudently swayed much in the said wars as he inclined to them or the King He obnoxious to K. Edw. 1. surrendred his lands unto him and received them again by marrying Joan the King's daughter sirnamed of Acres in the Holy Land bâ—cause she was there born to his second wife who bore unto him Gilbert Clare last Earl of Glocester of this sirname slain in the flower of his youth in Scotland at the battel of Sterling in the sixth year of K. Edw. 2. Earls of Glocester and Hertford whose son Richard and his grandson Gilbert 2. and great grandson Gilbert 3. who fell in the battel at Sterling in Scotland successively inherited this title But in the minority of Gilbert 3. 34 Sir Ralph Ralph de Montehemer who did clandestinely espouse the widow of Gilbert 2. and * Call'd Jeanna D'Acres because born at Acon daughter of Edward 1. 35 For which he incurred the King's high displeasure and a short imprisonment but after reconciled was summoned to Parliaments by the name of Earl of Glocester and Hertford But when Gilbert was out of his minority he was summoned among the Barons by the name of Sir Ralph de Mont-hermer as long as he lived which I note more willingly for the rareness of the example for some time enjoy'd the title of Earl of Glocester But when Gilbert had arrived at the age of 21 years he claimed the title and was call'd to serve in Parliament amongst the Barons After Gilbert 3. who died childless 36 Sir Hugh Le de Spencer Hugh de Spencer or Spencer jun. is by writers stiled Earl of Glocester in right of his wife who was the eldest sister of Gilbert 3. But he being hang'd by the Queen and her Lords in despight to Edward 2. Tho. de la Marc in the life of Ed. 2. whose Favourite he was 37 Sir Hugh Audley Hugh de Audley who married the other sister by the favour of Edward 3. obtained the honour After whose death King Richard 2. erected this title into a Dukedom of which there were three Dukes with one Earl between and to them all it was unfortunate and fatal and brought them to their ruin Thomas of Woodstock Earl of Buckingham the youngest son of King Edward 3. Dukes of Glocester was the first that was dignify'd with the title of Duke but presently fell into the displeasure of King Richard 2. for being an ambitious man of an unquiet spirit he was surprised and sent to Calais and there smothered he with a Feather-bed having before made a confession under his hand as appears in the Parliament Rolls that by virtue of a Patent which he had extorted from the King he had arrogated to himself Regal Authority appear'd armed in the King's presence contumeliously revil'd him consulted with learned men how he might renounce his Allegiance and
shut the gates against King Charles 1. when he laid siege to the place in the year 1643. Before that siege the City was adorn'd with eleven Parish-Churches but five of them were then demolish'd There is great provision for the poor by Hospitals particularly Bartholomew's Hospital maintains 54 poor men and women to whom there belongs a Minister Physician and Chirurgeon And Sir Thomas Rich Baronet a native of this place gave 6000 l. by Will for a Blewe-coat-Hospital wherein are educated 20 Boys 10 poor Men and as many Women maintain'd all cloath'd annually Besides these and three more there are many other Benefactions to encourage young Tradesmen and to place out boys Apprentices m As to this place being the seat of a British Bishop there is this farther confirmation that in the Hall of the Bishop's Palace is written Eldadus Episcopus Glocestrensis and Bishop Godwin says that Theonus was translated from Glocester to London in the year 553. n Just beyond Glocester the Severn passeth by Lanthony Lanthony a ruinated Priory built in the year 1136. as a Cell to that of St. John Baptist in Wales Above this on a little hill stood Newark-house which belong'd to the Prior and has been lately rebuilt by my Lord Scudamore the owner thereof o Below this the river Stroud Stroud runneth into the Severn upon which standeth a town of the same name famous for cloathing the water whereof is said to have a peculiar quality in dying Reds It is a market-town standing on the ascent of a hill snd is the chief residence of the Clothiers in these parts whose trade in this County amounts to 500000 l. per annum some making a thousand Cloaths a year for their own share Between this and Glocester standeth Paynswick Paynswick a market-town said to have the best and wholsomest air in the whole County and near it on the hill was Kembsborow-Castle Kembsborow Castle the fortifications and trenches whereof are still visible Beyond which lyeth Prinknersh once the mansion of the Abbot of Glocester a pleasant seat on the side of the hill 't is now the inheritance of John Bridgman Esq a descendant of Sir John Bridgman Lord chief Justice of Chester South of the river Stroud and not far from Minchin hampton a pretty market-town once belonging to the Nuns of Sion is Wood-chester Wood-chester famous for it's tesseraick work of painted beasts and flowers which appears in the Churchyard two or three foot deep in making the graves If we may believe tradition Earl Godwin's wife to make restitution for her husband's fraud at Barkley built a Religious-house here with those pretty ornaments that are yet to be seen p But now to return to our Author Barkley Barkley is the largest parish in the County and gives name to the greatest division The place is honour'd by giving title to George Earl of Barkley who hath a fair Castle here tho' not so large as formerly The little room where the unhappy King Edward was murder'd is still to be seen The Mayor here is only titular The manour of Kings-Weston tho' at 12 miles distance from Barkley is yet in the same Hundred and was as it appears by Domesday at and before the Conquest a parcel of the said manour of Barkley In the year 1678. it was purchas'd by Sir Robert Southwell who has there between the Avon and the Severn a very pleasant seat It hath a prospect into several Counties and the ships in Kings-road are at an easie distance The Southwells were formerly considerable in Nottinghamshire at the town of the same name from whence they removed into Norfolk In King James 1.'s time the eldest branch went into Ireland where the said Sir Robert enjoys a fair estate on the opposite shore to King-weston at King-sale and thereabouts q Alderly Alderly is now only famous for being the birth-place of Sir Matthew Hale Lord chief Justice of England who dying in the year 1676. lyeth buried in this Churchyard under a tomb of black marble r As Oldbury Oldbury in both parts of it's name carries something of antiquity so has it that title confirm'd to it by a large Campus major of the Roman Fortifications and where the Church now stands was the Campus minor there are in this County several more such s At a little distance from the Severn is Thornbury Thornbury only a titular Mayor-town The Castle design'd to be rebuilt had this Inscription This gate was begun 1511. 2 Hen. 8. by me Edward Duke of Buckingham Earl of Hereford Stafford and Northampton He was beheaded before he perfected his design for he had intended to make the Church at Thornbury Collegiate with Dean and Prebends They have here four small Alms-houses a Free-school and weekly market The most considerable Gentry heretofore paid an annual attendance at Thornbury-Court where the Abbot of Tewksbury was oblig d personally to say Mass t Puckle-Church Puckle-Church is now only a small village the seat of the Dennis's whose family have been 18 times High-Sheriff of this County Beyond this near Bristol lyeth Kingswood-forest Kingswoo◠formerly of a much larger extent but now drawn within the bounds of 5000 acres It consists chiefly of Coal-mines several Gentry being possessors of it by Patent from the Crown 'T is a controverted point whether it be a Forest or Chase for 't is said to have been dependant upon Micklewood that is now destroy'd Within it are two fine seats Barrs-Court in Bitton-parish belonging to Sir John Newton Baronet and Siston-house to Samuel Trotman Esquire Not far from Bristol lyeth Westbury Westbury upon Trin which river now is dwindled into a little brook Here was a famous College encompass'd with a strong wall built by John Carpenter Bishop of Worcester about the year 1443. who design'd to have been stil'd Bishop of Worcester and Westbury This with the adjacent Parishes in Glocestershire that lye round Bristol are under the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Bristol On the top of St. Vincent's Rocks S. Vincen◠Rocks near Bristol * Aubr M is a roundish fortification or Camp the rampire and graffe thereof not great for by reason of the nearness of the rock which is as hard as marble the ground is not easily digg'd Whether those rocks towards the top consist mostly of petrify'd pieces of wood as some are inclin'd to think let the Naturalists examine The precipice of the Rock over the river Avon has made all Works on the west-side needless About two miles from St. Vincent's rocks is Henbury Henbury †Ibid. where is a Camp with three rampires and trenches from which one may conclude it to have been done rather by the Britains than any other people u The Fortifications mention'd by our Author to be at Derham Derham are I suppose the same with that ‖ Mon. Ba◠MS. Mr. Aubrey has taken notice of upon Henton-hill in that parish It is call'd
almost thro' the middle of this County It first watereth Banbury Banbury formerly Banesbyrig where Kynric the West-Saxon overcame the poor Britains when they fought for their Liberties and Country in a memorable battel h And in latter times Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick fighting for the Lancastrian Interest gave such an absolute defeat to the York party that he soon after took the distressed King Edward 4. and carry'd him off prisoner i The town which at present is most famous for making k good Cheese has a Castle built by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln for this manour belong'd to that See who in his way of living consulted more his state and grandeur than his ease and safety and brought very many mischiefs on himself by his vain and expensive buildings Give me leave to add one remark that the coins of Roman Emperours found here and in the fields adjoyning are a fair argument for the antiquity of this place 5 Near to Banbury is Hanwell where the family of Cope hath flourish'd many years in great and good esteem I must not here pass by Broughton the seat of Rich. Fienes or Fenis to whom and to the heirs of his body our potent Monarch K. James in the first year of his reign granted and confirm'd the name stile title degree dignity and honour of Baron of Say and Sele he being descended in a right line from James Fienes Lord Say and Sele High Treasurer of England in the reign of Hen. 6. 6 Who was cruelly beheaded by a rabble of Rebels in the time of K. Hen. 6. The Cherwel for many miles after it has left Banbury sees nothing but well cultivated fields and most delightful meadows among which stands 7 Heyford-warine so denominated from Warine Fitz-Gerold Lord thereof Heyford Purcell likewise so named of the Purcells or de Porcellis ancient Gentlemen the old owners Blechingdon an ancient possession of the family of Povre Islip Iâ—â—â—â— formerly Ghistlipe the birth-place of King Edward whom for his piety and chastity our Ancestors honour'd with the title of Confessor as he himself witnesses in his original charter whereby he gives this his manour to the Church of Westminster l and at a small distance is Hedindon Hedâ—â—dâ—â— which K. John gave for a Barony to Thomas Basset m At Islip the Cherwel is joyn'd from the east by a small brook which runs by i Perhaps as much as to say Birini castrum â—mplying it to be a frontier-garrison of the West-Saxons against the Mercians rais'd out of the â—â—ins of Alchester by the advice and assistance of Birinus Bishop of Dorchester Burcester Burâ—â—â—er in Saxon Burenceaster and Bernaceaster a town of ancient name but where I have observ'd nothing of antiquity only that Gilbert Basset and Egeline de Courtney his wife in the reign of Hen. 2. built here a Monastery in honour of k It was dedicated to S. Mary and S. Edburg the memory of the latter is still preserved in a Well call'd S. Edburg's Well as also in a green foot-path leading to it call'd Tadbury walk corruptly for the Edâ—uâ—y-way-walk St. Edburg and that the Barons Le Strange of Knocking were lately Lords of this place n Toward the west we meet with some few remains of an old deserted Station which they call Allchester perhaps instead of Aldchester Alâ—hâ—â—tâ—â— or the old Castrum o thro' which a military way led from Wallingford as the neighbours believe to Banbury They call this Akeman-street-way Baâ— mâ—ny â—â—â— Aâ—â—â—ceâ—er a ridge whereof does still appear for some miles together on the deep plains of Otmore often overflow'd in winter p But where the Cherwel flows along with the Isis and their divided streams make several little sweet and pleasant islands is seated on a rising vale the most famous University of Oxford Oâ—â—â—â—â— in Saxon Oxenford our most noble Athens the seat of the English Muses the prop and pillar nay the sun the eye the very soul of the nation the most celebrated fountain of wisdom and learning from whence Religion Letters and good Manners are happily diffus'd thro' the whole Kingdom A delicate and most beautiful city whether we respect the neatness of private buildings or the stateliness of publick structures or the healthy and pleasant situation For the plain on which it stands is walled in as it were with hills of wood which keeping out on one side the pestilential south-wind on the other the tempestuous west admit only the purifying east and the north that disperses all unwholsome vapours From which delightful situation Authors tell us it was heretofore call'd Bellositum Some writers fancy this city in the British times had the name of Caer Vortigern and Caer-Vember and was built by God knows what Vortigerns or Memprics Whatever it was under the Britains it is certain the Saxons call'd it Oxenford in the same meaning no doubt as the Grecians had their Bosphorus and the Germans their Ochenfurt upon the river Oder that is a ford of Oxen. In which sense it is still call d by the Welsh Rhid-Ychen Yet Mr. Leland with some shew of probability derives the name from the river Ous in Latin Isis and believes it to have been heretofore call'd Ousford especially since the little islands which the river here makes are call'd Ousney Wise Antiquity as we read in our Chronicles even in the British age consecrated this place to the Muses whom they transplanted hither as to a more fertile nursery from l So written in most of our Historians to favour a groundless notion of a Greek and Latin School the first at this place truly written Creccagelade the latter at Latinlade rightly call'd Leccelade See Somner's Glossar to the Decem Script under Greglada Greek-lade now a small town in Wiltshire Alexander Necham writes thus Italy does challenge the glory of Civil Law Divinity and the Liberal Arts make Paris preferable to all other cities Wisdom too and Learning have long flourish'd at Oxford â—â— 2. de 〈◊〉 reâ— and according to the prophecy of Merlin shall in due time pass over thence to Ireland But in the following Saxon age remarkable for the continual ruin and subversion of towns and cities this place underwent the common fate and during many years was famous for nothing but the reliques of St. Frideswide â—eswide a virgin of great esteem for the sanctity of her life and first reputed a Saint on this occasion that when by a solemn vow she had devoted her self to the service of God and a single life Earl Algar courted her for a wife and pursuing her in her flight was miraculously as the story goes struck blind This Lady as we read in William of Malmesbury built here a Religious house as a trophy of her preserv'd virginity into which Monastery when in the time of Ethelred several Danes sentenc'd to death were fled for refuge the enraged Saxons burnt them and the house together But
publick spirit For this reason the present Chancellor of the University at the same time providing for the memorial of himself has in this Library erected a Statue of Sir Thomas Bodley that great friend and patron of Learning with this Inscription THOMAS SACKVILLUS DORSETTIAE COMES SUMMUS ANGLIAE THESAURARIUS ET HUJUS ACADEMIAE CANCELLARIUS THOMAE BODLEIO EQUITI AURATO QUI BIBLIOTHECAM HANC INSTITUIT HONORIS CAUSSA PIE POSUIT That is THOMAS SACKVIL EARL OF DORSET LORD HIGH TREASURER OF ENGLAND AND CHANCELLOR OF THIS UNIVERSITY PIOUSLY ERECTED THIS MONUMENT TO THE HONOUR OF SIR THOMAS BODLEY KNIGHT WHO INSTITUTED THIS LIBRARY In the Reign of Henry the Seventh for the better advancement of Learning William Smith Bishop of Lincoln built new out of the Ground Brazen-Nose-College ff which was b With Exhibitions for 13 Scholars An. 1572. well endow'd by the pious and good old man Alexander Nowell Dean of St. Pauls About the same time Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester founded Corpus-Christi-College gg After these Cardinal Wolsey Arch-bishop of York on the site of the Monastery of St. Frideswide began the most noble and ample Foundation of all others 15 For Professors and two hundred Students which King Henry 8. with addition of Canterbury-College did richly endow and gave it the name of Christ-Church Christ-Church hh 16 Assign'd to a Dean Prebends and Students The same mighty Prince at the expence of his own Exchequer honored the City with an Episcopal See and the University with publick Professors And in our own age that the Muses might still be courted with greater favours Sir Thomas Pope Kt. and Sir Thomas White Kt. Citizen and Alderman of London have repair'd Durham and Bernard Colleges which lay almost buried in their own dust have enlarg'd their buildings endow'd them with lands and given them new names dedicating the former to the Holy Trinity ii this latter to St. John Baptist kk Queen Mary c The publick Schools at the time of Mr. Camden's writing ow'd their restitution to the piety and bounty of Queen Mary An. 1554. but the present fabrick in form of a stately Quadrangle was rais'd by the contribution of Sir Thomas Bodley and other Benefactors An. 1613. built from the ground the publick Schools And lately Hugh Price Dr. of Laws has happily laid a new foundation 17 With good speed and happy success as I wish call'd in honour of our Saviour Jesus-College ll These Colleges in number sixteen beside eight Halls mm all fairly built and well endow'd together with their excellent and useful Libraries do so raise the credit and esteem of Oxford that it may be justly thought to exceed all other Universities in the world nn Nor does it yield the precedence to any in Living Libraries for so with Eunapius I may term the men of profound learning nor in the admirable method of teaching all Arts and Sciences nor in excellent discipline and most regular government of the whole body But why this digression Oxford is very far from standing in need of a Panegyric having already gain'd the universal esteem and admiration of the world Nor would I by any means seem extravagant in the commendation of my mother University Let it suffice to say of Oxford what Pomponius said of Athens It is so eminent that there needs no pointing at it But by way of conclusion take this passage which begins the history of Oxford from the Proctor's book Chronicles and Histories do assure us that several places in different parts of the world have been famous for the studies of Arts and Sciences But of all such places of study among the Latins Oxford appears to be of the most ancient foundation to profess a greater variety of knowledge to be more firm in adhering to the Catholick Religion and to enjoy more good customs and greater privileges The Astronomers observe this City to be in twenty two degrees of longitude or distance from the fortunate Islands and in the northern latitude of fifty one degrees and fifty minutes 18 And thus much briefly of my dear Nurse-Mother Oxford As soon as Isis and Cherwell have joyn'd their * Besides this number valu'd at more than a thousand pound he gave 126 Volumes more in the year 1440. an in 1443. a much greater number with considerable additions at his death An. 1446. streams below Oxford the Isis with a swift and deeper current passes on to the south to find out the Tame River Tame which it seems long to have sought for Nor does it run many miles before the said Tame rising in the County of Bucks comes and joyns with it which river upon entrance into this County gives its own name to a Market-town of pleasant situation among rivers for the river Tame washes the north part of the town and two little brooks slide by it on the east and west sides This place has been in a flourishing condition ever since Henry Bishop of Lincoln in the reign of Henry 3. Claus 3 Hen. 3. brought the great road which lay before upon one side of the town through the middle of it Alexander that munificent Bishop of Lincoln Lord of this Manour to alleviate the publick odium he had contracted by his extravagant expences in building of Castles founded here a small Monastery And many years after the Quatremans a Family in former times of great repute in these parts built here an Hospital for the maintenance of poor people But neither of these foundations are at present to be seen though instead of them Sir John Williams Lord Williams of Tame Kt. advanced to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm by Queen Mary under the title of Baron Williams of Tame has here founded a beautiful School and an Alms-house oo 19 But this title soon determined when he left but daughters married into thâ— families of Norris aâ—d Wenman From hence the Tame runs near Ricot Ricot a neat seat which belong'd formerly to the Quatermans upon whose failure of issue male it was sold away by the Fowlers and Hernes till it came at last into the hands of the Lord Williams before-mention'd and by his daughter to the Lord Henry Norris Lord Norris whom Queen Elizabeth advanc'd to the dignity of a Peer by the title of Baron Norris of Ricot pp a person as well eminent for his honourable descent being deriv'd from the d Sir Edward Norris Knight marry'd Tridesaide younger daughter of Francis Viscount Lovel Lovels who were allied to most of the great families in England as more especially for his stout and martial sons whose valour and conduct are sufficiently known in Holland Portugal Bretagne and Ireland The next place visited by the Tame 20 Huseley where sometimes the names of Burentines flâ—urished as at Chalgrave is e The same place we find in the Catalogue of the British-Cities call'd by Ninnius and Huntingdon Cair Dauri by Alfred of Beverley
between the Houses of York and Lancaster was fought on a fair plain call'd Danes-more nigh Edgcot in the County of Northampton within three miles of Banbury But neither here do our Historians tells us the fortune of the day was decisive but the Earl of Pembroke and Lord Stafford taking up their quarters at Banbury quarrel'd for an Inn which gave the Earl of Warwick an opportunity to set upon them and to take the Earl of Pembroke and Sir Richard Herbert prisoners who were barbarously beheaded So after upon a treacherous overture of peace the Earl of Warwick surpris'd the King at Wolvey and carried him Prisoner to Warwick k There is a credible story that while Philemon Holland was carrying on his English edition of this Britannia Mr. Camden came accidentally to the Press when this sheet was working off and looking on he found that to his own observation of Banbury being famous for Cheese the Translator had added Cakes and Ale But Mr. Camden thinking it too light an expression chang'd the word Ale into Zeal and so it pass'd to the great indignation of the Puritans of this town l Upon the same river lyes Islip Islip call'd in the Pipe-rolls of Henry 2. Hiltesleape in a Charter of Henry 2. Ileslepe and in a Presentation of the Abbey of Westminster 6 Henr. 3. Ighteslep We meet with nothing of the Original Charter mention'd by our Author in Dugdale notwithstanding which Dr. Plot is enclin'd to believe there was really such an one extant and a palace here from the footsteps of that ancient building and of the Chapel as also the Town 's still belonging to the Church of Westminster But of late the Saxon-Copy of the greatest part of it has been discover'd by that excellent Antiquary Mr. Kennet who designs shortly to publish this among many other Original Instruments in his Parochial Antiquities of Ambrosden Burcester c. The place is there call'd Giðslepe which is easily melted into Islep or Islip by casting away the initial G. in the same manner that GypesÆ¿ic is changed into Ipswich and Gifteley near Oxford into Isley In the Chapel there which is call'd the King's Chapel there stood not many years since a Font the very same as Tradition has constantly deliver'd it down wherein Edward the Confessor was baptiz'd But this being put to an indecent use as well as the Chapel was at last piously rescu'd from it and remov'd to the garden of Sir Henry Brown Baronet of Nether Riddington in this County The Church continues in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster the present Rector is Dr. Robert South who at his own expence has built a new decent Chancel a beautiful Parsonage-house a spacious Barn c. to the interest of the Church the credit of the Clergy and his own immortal honour m Next is Hedindon Hedindon which tradition says was in the Saxon times a nursery of the King's children and it seems likewise to have had a Royal seat where K. Ethelred resided particularly when he granted a Charter to the Monastery of S. Frideswide wherein the date is thus mention'd This privilege was idith in Heddington and afterward in Latin Scripta fuit haec cedula jussu praefati Regis in villa Râ—gia quae appellatur Another argument of a Royal seat here was a Free-Chapel exempt from all customs due to the Bishop of Lincoln and Archdeacon of Oxford which Maud the Empress confirm'd to the Church of St. Frideswide n Hence going by Weston Weston the seat of Sir Edward Norris we come to Burcester Burcester where is a fair and spacious Church and in the division of Kings-end stands a pleasant and convenient seat of Mr. John Coker Lord of that manour Most of the lands in Market-end are part of the estate of Sir William Glynne Baronet whose beautiful seat is within two miles at Ambrosden where the Parish-Church is neat and well-adorn'd and the Vicarage house adjoyning of great strength and good prospect built in the year 1638. at the sole charge of Dr. John Stubbing the then worthy Vicâ—r o A little way from hence is Alchester Alchester the bounds of which quadrangular Camp or garrison are still visible tho' the area or site of it has been for a long time a part of the common field of Wendlebury The reason of the name is an evidence of it's Antiquity whether we make it with our Author Aldchester or Allecti castrum from the Roman Allectus an opinion ingeniously deliver'd and maintain'd with much shew of truth in a short History of Alchester the original MS. whereof is in the hands of the learned and pious Mr. Samuel Blackwell B. D. late Vicar of Burcester now Rector of Brampton in the County of Northampton p But a better mark of it's Antiquity is the situation upon the Akemanstreat Akemanstreet the Consular way which does not as our Author has it pass thither through Otmore but coming down from Tuchwic-grounds in the common road from Ailsbury to Bisiter and passing over that marshy vale which gave name to the neighbouring town of Mersh it leaves there some tracts of a stony ridge yet visible and useful and crosses the rivulet at Worden-pool or Steanford where it enters the County of Oxford and parish of Ambrosden whence it ascends to Blackthorn-hill and passing cross Wrechwic green extends on the north-side of Gravenhull wood over the brook at Langford and so leads close by the north-bounds of Alchester as far as Chesterton ‖ Plot p. 319. whence it goes to Kirtlington towns end and so over Cherwell near Tackley to Woodstock park which it enters near Wooton-gate and passes out again at Mapleton-well near Stunsfield-stile whence it holds on again as far as Stunsfield and all this way in a rais'd bâ—nk But here breaking off tho' still keeping it's name it goes over the Evenlode to Wilcot and so to Ramsden a little beyond which village at a place call'd Witty-green it may be seen again for a little way but from thence to Astally over Astal-bridge and so through the fields till it comes to Brodwell-grove it is scarce visible but there 't is as plain again as any where else holding a strait course into Glocestershire and so towards Bathe the old Akeman-ceaster There is indeed an old way which seems to have lead from Alchester to Wallingford part whereof is to be seen at this day running quite cross Otmore but is not by any means the Akemanstreat tho' the people hereabouts call it by that name and this error of theirs seems to have made our Author fix upon the wrong road There are in this County several branches running from this great road which are describ'd at large by the curious Dr. Plot in his natural History of this County to whom I refer the Reader for a more distinct Information At a little distance is Merton Meâ—â—â— where was found a Danish spur answering the figure of that in â€
and Hospital at Higham-Ferrers the place of his nativity in the year 1437. He endow d it for a Warden and 40 Fellows chiefly with the lands of Priories-Alien dissolv'd in 2 Hen. 5. â—alen's dd Magdalen College was founded An. 1458. on the site and lands of the dissolv'd Hospital of S. John's with so large endowments and such conveniences of all kinds that it is justly esteem'd one of the most noble Foundations in the Christian World â—ck â—ry ee The design of the publick-Library was first laid by Sir Thomas Bodley Kt. in the year 1597. By him the old Library of Duke Humphrey was repair'd and fitted for the reception of books 1599. and an additional East-Gallery begun in the year 1610. Another Gallery on the West projected by him was rais'd with a House of Convocation under it An. 1638. But all these being now too narrow to contain the vast accession of Books there have been new Galleries erected over each side of the middle Isle chiefly to receive the generous Legacy of Thomas Barlow Lord Bishop of Lincoln who had been elected Keeper of this Library An. 1652. When one views the Catalogue of printed Books by Dr. Hyde and the other of Manuscripts by Dr. Bernard he must admire the prodigious treasure and neither envy Rome her Vatican nor India her gold ff Brazen-nose Brazen-nose College so call'd from a Hall distinguish'd by that name was founded by William Smith Bishop of Lincoln and Richard Sutton Esquire 3 Hen. 8. It is of late years adorn'd with a beautiful Chapel Library and Cloysters the elegant structure whereof was begun in the year 1656 and the Chapel consecrated by the Bishop of Oxford An. 1666. gg The Foundation of Corpus Christi Corpus Christi College was design'd by that great Prelate and wise Politician Richard Fox for a Seminary of Monks to the Priory of S. Swithin in Winchester An. 1513. But diverted from that and assisted by Hugh Oldham Bishop of Exeter he establish'd it for a Society of Students An. 1516. with Endowments so ample and Statutes so admirable as have made very many of it's members men of singular piety and learning hh As for Christ Church Christ-Church after Cardinal Wolsey had procur'd from Pope Clement 7. a Bull for dissolving 22 Religious-houses and converting them to the use of two Colleges one to be founded at Ipswich his place of nativity the other at Oxford to which he ow'd his education he obtain'd the Kings Licence to institute a College on the site of the Priory of St. Frideswide to be call'd Cardinal-College which he first design'd for a Dean and 18 Canons and projected much greater things But before any settlement came his fatal ruin An. 1529. when among his other vast possessions this College fell into the King's hands Who in the year 1532. â—estor'd most of the allotted Revenues and had it call'd Henry the Eighth's College But this he dissolv'd in 1545. and the year following erected it into a Cathedral Church for a Bishop a Dean and 8 Canons The beauty and honour of this College have been much advanc'd by the industry piety and bounty of the late excellent Dean John Fell Lord Bishop of Oxford ii The dissolv'd Durham College Trinity mention'd by our Author was granted by K. Edw. 6. to his Physician George Owen of Godstow of whom in the year 1554. it was purchas'd by Sir Thomas Pope Kt. and repair'd and endow'd the year following Under the present government of Dr. Ralph Bathurst it has been adorn'd with fair additional buildings and a Chapel of exquisite beauty consecrated Apr. 12. 1694. kk And the site of Bernard College was in the year 1555. obtain'd from the Crown by Thomas White Alderman of London St. John's this he enlarg'd and endow'd An. 1557. by the title of St. John Baptist's College which in buildings and revenues has receiv'd gâ—eat augmentation from the liberal piety of Archbishop Laud and Archbishop Juxon ll Of Jesus Jesus College Dr. Hugh Price Treasurer of the Church of St. David's is by our Author juâ—tly stil'd the Founder For he began to build and competently endow'd it An 1571. But the Society to assume the honour of a Royal Foundation acknowledge Qu. Elizabeth their Founder who furnish'd them with some timber out of two adjoyning Forests The wise and pious Sir Lionel Jenkins late Secretary of State was so great a Benefactor as to be in a manner justly esteem'd a second Founder mm Sixteen Colleges and 8 Halls was the number when our Author wrote but the Colleges are now 18 and the Halls but 7. For Wadham Wadham College design'd by Nicholas Wadham and completed by Dorothy his Relict An. 1613. is since built and Broad-gate-Hall converted into Pembroke Pembroke College whose Foundation is owing to the charity of Thomas Tisdal and the industry of Richard Wightwicke nn But above all other buildings this University justly boasts of Sheldon's Theater Sheldon's Theater a work of admirable contrivance and exceeding magnificent built by the most Reverend Father in God Gilbert Sheldon Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellour of this University An. 1668. Who besides an infinite expence upon the Structure gave 2000 l. to purchase lands for the perpetual repair of it The Area within which it stands is round the walls of it adorn'd with inestimable reliques of Grecian and Roman Antiquities of which the greatest part is owing to the bounty of Hen. Howard Earl of Arundel some also to the Executors of Mr. Selden others to Sir George Wheeler c. On the west-side of the Theater Musaeum stands Ashmole's Musaeum a neat and curious Edifice of which the lower part is a Chymical Elaboratory the first floor on a noble ascent is a spacious Hall and the upper-chamber a Repository of Natural and Artificial Curiosities The greatest part of these are owing to the generosity of Elias Ashmole Esq who has prescrib'd Statutes for the Custody of them and has reposited in this place the excellent Collection of MSS. made by himself and by his Father-in-law Sir William Dugdale oo The town of Tame Tame though our Author mentions nothing of it before the Conquest seems yet to have been of some note in the Saxon times for we find that in the year 970. Arch-bishop Oskytel ended his days in it The Abbey mention'd by our Author of the Cistercian Order was founded at the village of Ottendun and as Mr. Leland says upon Otmore by Sir Robert Gait Knight who endowing it with five virgates of land in Ottendum call'd it from an adjacent wood Ottelei But the low site making it altogether unfit for a Monastery it was remov'd to Tame and the Church there dedicated to St. Mary on July 21. 1138. 3 K. Steph. Of which the Bishop was afterwards reputed the founder though he only translated it and gave part of his park at Tame for the site of it with some other lands which had
belong'd to Nigel Kyre pp Next is Ricot Ricot which still continues in the family of the Norris's and is now part of the possession of the right honourable James Earl of Abingdon who had that honour conferr'd upon him Novemb. 29. 1682. and having marry'd Eleanora one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir Henry Lee Baronet by her has issue his eldest son and heir apparent Mountague Lord Norris who has marry'd the heiress to the family and estate of the ancient and honourable Venables Barons of Kenderton qq South and by West of Dorchester are two banks with a trench between them therefore call'd Dike-hills * Pag. 322. which in the opinion of Dr. Plot cannot be part of any Roman way because extended only as a string to the great bow of the river Thames but rather a fortification such as P. Ostorius is said by Tacitus to have rais'd on the rivers Antona and Sabrina or else some of the out-works of the fortifications on Long Witenham-hill on the other side the water which perhaps was the Sinnodunum of the ancient Britains So he rr Not far from hence is Ewelme Ewelme the Rectory whereof with a Canonâ—y of Christ-Church King James 1. in the third year of his reign annex'd to the office of Regius-Professor of Divinity in Oxford as he did at the same time the government of the Hospital here to that of Professor in Physick Which Prince however represented as of a mean spirit for his inclinations to peace was yet one of the highest patrons to learning and the greatest Benefactor to this University and deserves to have his memory vindicated from the common aspersions cast upon it by men of ignorance and men of arms ss Then the Thames runs forward to Henley Henley which Dr. Plot takes to be the ancientest town in the whole County so call'd says he from the British Hen which signifies old and Lley a place and perhaps might be the head town of the People call'd Ancalites that revolted to Caesar tt At some distance is Watlington Watlington which by the name one would imagine to be of no less than British Antiquity Plot. p 332 as seeming to point out to us * the old way of making their towns or cities an account whereof Strabo has left us viz. Groves fenc'd about with trees cut down and laid cross one another within which they built them sheds for both themselves and Cattel The same way of fencing the Saxons call'd Watelas hurdles or wattles from whence the town probably enough might have its name Continuation of the EARLS Henry the last Earl mention'd by our Author marry'd Diana second daughter to William Cecil Earl of Exeter and dy'd at the siege of Breda An. 1625. without issue Upon which Robert Vere son and heir of Hugh son and heir of Aubry de Vere second son of Earl John the fifth was in the Parliament held at Westminster An. 2 Car. 1. restor'd to this title of Earl of Oxford who taking to wife Beatrix van Hemmema of Friezland had issue by her Aubrey the present Earl Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter who marry'd Diana daughter to George Kirk Esq but by her has no issue More rare Plants growing wild in Oxfordshire Anagallis foemina flore coeruleo Female or Blew-flower'd Pimpernel At Battle near Oxford Park p. 554. Arundo vallatoria foliis ex luteo variegatis Painted or gilded Reed Found by Mr. Bobert in the river Thames not far from Oxford Though it be but an accidental variety it deserves to be mention'd being very ornamental in gardens Atriplex vulgaris sinuata spicata D. Plot. Hist. nat Oxon. It is found commonly on Dunghils growing together with Goose-foot Orache Geranium Columbinum maximum foliis dissectis D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. columbinum majus foliis imis longis usque ad pediculum divisis Moris hist The greatest Doves-foot Cranes-bill with dissected leaves In hedges about Marston and on that part of Botley causey next Oxford in great plenty Gramen caninum aristatum radice non repente sylvaticum Dogs-grass with awns Found plentifully growing in Stoken-Church woods Mr. Bobert Gramen Secalinum majus Sylvaticum Gr. secalinum majus Park an Gr. hordeaceum montanum sive majus C. B. Wild Rye grass of the woods In Stoken-Church woods also Idem Gramen cyperiodes minimum Ranunculi capitulo rotundo Cyperus-grass with a round Crowfoot-head Frequently found on the bogs on the west side of Oxford Idem Gramen bromoides maximum hirtum Park Festuca graminea perennis hirsuta gluma longiore dumetorum spicâ divisâ In Godstow copse near Oxford Idem Helleborine flore albo vel Damasonium montanum latifolium C B. Ger. Damasonium Alpinum seu Elleborine floribus albis J. B. Elleborine minor flore albo Park White-flower'd Bastard-Hellebore In the woods near Stoken-Church not far from the way leading from Oxford to Lnod Hordeum nudum seu Gymnocrithon J. B. Zeopyron sive Tritico-speltum C. B. Park Hordeum nudum Ger. cujus figura huic plantae minimè respondet Naked Barley It is sown in the fields about Islip in Oxfordshire and other places It is really a species of wheat and no Barley only its ear resembles the Hordeum dystichum Orobanche Verbasculi odore D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Birds-nest smelling like Primrose-roots At the bottoms o trees in the woods near Stoken church Saxifraga Anglica annua Alsines folio D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Annual Pearl-wort In the walks of Baliol-College gardens and on the fallow-fields about Hedington and Cowley plentifully and in many other places Stachys Fuchsii J. B. Ger. major Germanica C. B. Park Base Hore-hound Nigh Witney-park in Oxfordshire and thereabouts plentifully Tilia foliis molliter hirsutis viminibus rubris fructu tetragono 'T is known by the name of the red Lime and grows naturally in Stoken-Church woods Mr. Bobert Tormentilla reptans alata foliis profundiùs serratis Pentaphyllum minus viride flore aureo tetrapetalo radiculas in terram è geniculis demittens Moris Hist Creeping Tormentil with deeply indented leaves In the borders of the corn-fields between Hockley and Shotover-woods and elsewhere Triticum spica multiplici C. B. Ger. Park Many-eared wheat It hath been sown about Biceter and Weston on the green Viola Martia hirsuta major in odora D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Moris hist. Trachelii folio D. Merret Violet with Throatwort-leaves In Magdalen-college-Cops Shotover-hills Stow-wood and many other places plentifully It is found in most Countries Viola palustris rotundifolia D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Round-leaved Marsh-violet In the bogs about Stow-wood and on the banks of Cherwell between Oxford and Water-Eyton but sparingly Clematis Daphnoides major C. B. Daphnoid latifolia seu Vinca pervinca major Park The greater Periwinkle In the high-ways between Wolverton and Yarnton and in several hedges thereabout I am not yet fully satisfied that this is a native of England though it be found in the places mentioned
because possibly it might owe its original to roots thrown out of gardens Sambucus fructu albo Ger. Park White-berried Elder Observed by Mr. Bobert in the hedges near Watlington BUCKINGHAM SHIRE By Robert Morden CATTIEUCHLANI ON the East of the Dobuni border those People whom Ptolemy according to different Copies calls Cattieuchlani Cattidudani Cathicludani and Dio Cattuellani Which of these is the true name I cannot easily determine yet I must beg leave here to be deliver'd of an abortive conjecture which I have this long time been in labour with I should think then that these people were the ancient Cassii that from them their Prince Cassivellaunus or Cassibelinus first took his name and that they again from their Prince Cassivellaunus were by the Grecians call'd Cattuellani Cathuellani and Cattieuchlani Now the Cassii mention'd among the British Nations by Caesar did most certainly inhabit these parts from whom a pretty large tract in this County still retains the name of Caishow And since Cassivellaunus govern'd here as from Caesar is evident and in his name the appellation of the Cassii Cassii doth manifestly appear it seems very probable that Cassivellaunus denotes as much as the Prince of the Cassii If otherwise why should Dio call this Cassivelaunus Suellan instead of Vellan and Ninnius the British writer not Cassibellinus but Bellinus as if that were the proper appellation either of his person or dignity Nor ought it to seem strange that Princes heretofore took their name from the people whom they govern'd for thus the Catti in Germany had their Cattimarus the Teutones their Teutomarus and Teutobochus the Daci their Decebalus the Goths their Gottiso And why might not our Cassii in like manner have their Cassibelinus Besides Belinus was a common name in that Island and some have thought that the name of Cunobellinus Bellin King of the Iceni imported no more than the Belinus of the Iceni So that if the Grecians did not from this Cassivellaunus extort the appellations of Cattwellani Cattieuchlani c. I must as to this matter freely confess my self in the dark But whence these people obtain'd the name of Cassii I can't discover unless from their warlike valour For Servius Honoratus informs us that the stoutest and most vigorous Souldiers were by the ancient Gauls who spoke the same language as the Britains call'd Gessi Whence Ninnius interprets the British word Cethilou The seed of Warriors Now that the Cassii were renown'd for Martial prowess is most certain for before the arrival of Caesar they had wag'd continual war against their neighbours and had reduc'd part of the Dobuni under their subjection Dio. And then upon Caesar's invasion the Britains constituted the Prince of this Country Commander in chief of the forces of the whole Island They had too by this time extended their name and dominion to a considerable distance For under the general name of Cassii or Cattieuchlani were comprehended all those people who inhabit three Counties in the present division viz. Buckinghamshire Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire of which I shall now speak briefly in their order having not much to say of any of them BVCKINGHAMSHIRE BUckinghamshire abounding exceedingly in Beech-trees which the Saxons call Bucken 't is probable that from them the chief town Buckingham had its name and from that the whole County For so in Germany a Country fam'd for plenty of Beeches is call'd Buchonia and with us the town of Buckenham in Norfolk is said to be surrounded by that sort of trees a This Shire being of no considerable breadth is in length extended from the Thames northward On the South it hath Barkshire divided from it by the Thames on the West Oxfordshire on the North Northamptonshire on the East first Bedfordshire then Hartfordshire and afterwards Middlesex The Soil is for the most part very fruitful the inhabitants thick and numerous who generally follow grazing The County is divided into two parts the one a mountainous or rather hilly country toward the south and east call'd Chiltern in Saxon Cyltern the other seated below this to the north call'd the Vale. Câ—â—ltern Chiltern hath its name from the nature of the soil Cylt or Chilt in Saxon signifying Chalk For it riseth for the most part into chalky hills cover'd with woods and groves of Beeches Heretofore it was so thick with trees that they rendred it impassible but these were afterwards in a great measure clear'd by Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans they being a common receptacle and harbour for thieves b In this part where the Thames windeth it self round the bottom of the hills is seated Marlow Marlow a pretty considerable town that has its name from a sort of chalky clay which we call Marle this being spread upon the fields so fattens and enriches the soil that after one years lying fallow they are always fit for tillage and what they receive of the husbandman repay with wonderful increase Nigh this town a little river cuts its way into the Thames on the turning of which is seated High-Wickham High-Wickham or rather Wicomb and perhaps may have receiv'd its name from thence For the German-Saxons call the winding of a sea or river Wick 1 And Comb a low valley and in England there are abundance of places of like denomination This town for largeness and beauty compares with the greatest in the County and as 't is a Borough-town and govern'd by a Mayor it may justly enough be preferr d to most of the rest About the time of the conquest Wigod de Wallengford was Lord of the Borough of Wicomb and of the * Villa Forinsâ—ca out-village belonging to it as an old Inquisition expresses it After whose death Henry 1. appropriated it to the Crown But afterwards King John divided the out-village between †De veteri ponte Robert de Vipont and Alan Basset c In the north of Wicomb a About Coleshil 't is observ'd to be higher than at Pen the former place being equal to the Bâ—ll-windows of Pen-steeple is the highest eminence * Hujus regionis of these parts whence it still keeps the British name Pen for they call the head or top of any thing Pen. Whence the Pennine Alps and the Apennine and several mountains among us seem to be derived Not far hence lyes Bradenham Bradenham of a healthy and commodious situation which is the chief residence of the Barons of Windsor of whom we have spoken in Barkshire ever since William Lord Windsor in the memory of our fathers built here a seat for his Family 2 Whose father Sir Andrew descended from the old stemme of ancient Barons K. Henâ—y 8. dignify'd with the honour of Baron Windsor Having receiv'd that rivulet the Thames keeps on its course to Eaton famous for its Seminary of learning See in Barkshire b The foundation-Charter bears date at Windsor Sept. 12. 19 Henr. 6. founded as I have said before
by that pious and good Prince Henry 6. A few miles from hence Thames is augmented by the river Cole which here dividing Buckinghamshire and Middlesex gives name to Colebrook Colebroke This the exact distance from Wallingford and London sufficiently prove b Mr. Burton in his Comment upon the Itinerary as he follows Mr. Camden generally so here he agrees with him but Stow Harrison Lloyd Leland c. fix the Roman Pontes at Reading in Barkshire to be the Pontes Pontes of Antoninus Nor is there any other town between those two places to which the name of Pontes or Bridges doth more properly agree For here Cole is divided into four chanels which for the convenience of travellers have so many bridges over them and that this name is deriv'd from them is plain from the very word In the same manner as Gephyrae a Town of Boeotia and Pontes in Gaul whence the County of Ponthieu was so call'd 3 And our Tunbridge and others which by the by fell to the English Crown in right of Eleanor Queen to Edw. 1. who was sole heir of it in right of her mother d With these divisions of its streams the Cole makes here several pleasant Islands into which the Danes fled in the year 894. from King Alfred who closely pursu'd them and were protected by the natural strength of the place till the King for want of forrage was oblig'd to draw off his army On this turning of the river stands Eure Eure. or Euer a little village which after King John had given to John Fitz Robert Lord of Clavering his younger sons Hugh and Robert took thence their name from the former of whom the Lords of Eure and from the latter the Family of Eure in Axholm is descended More inward we meet with two places which we must by no means pass by 4 Burnham better known by the Hedergs Lord Huntercombs and Scudamores who were Lords thereof and of Beconsfield successively by inheritance than by it self Stoke-pogeis Stoke-pogeis call'd so from the Pogeis formerly Lords of it from whom it devolv'd by right of inheritance on the Hastings e of which family Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough founded here an Hospital for poor people 5 Making hâ—mself one of their Society and his nephew by the brother Henry Earl of Huntingdon built a splendid house The other place is Farnham the same as I take it which was call'd Fernham-Royal Fernham-Royal This the Barons Furnival heretofore held by this service That on the Coronation-day they should be oblig'd to find a glove for the King 's right hand and to support his left arm as long as he held the royal Sceptre From the Furnivals it desâ—ended by the daughter of Thomas Nevil to the Talbots Earls of Shrewsbury who though by way of exchange they surrender'd up this Manour to Henr. 8. yet reserv'd that honourable office to themselves and their heirs for ever The Cole being joyn'd higher by another rivulet from the west carries it along on which the first place observable is Missenden Missenden where a Monastery was founded by the D'oilys and endow'd by the noble family surnam'd de Missenden 6 Upon a vow for escaping shipwrack Next in the vale stands c This town was all along call'd Agmundesham or Agmondesham as far as the time of K. Henr. 7. Amersham Amersham in Saxon Agmundesham which can neither boast of its building nor populousness but may justly be proud of its Lord Francis Russel Earl of Bedford who liv'd an exact pattern of vertue and true honour entirely belov'd by all good men But the chief seat of the Earls of Bedford is Cheyneis Cheyneis something more toward the East where John the first Earl of this family and his son the fore-mention'd Francis lye entomb'd together To Cheyneis adjoyneth 66 On the one side Latimers Latimers call'd heretofore Isel-hamstead hut had the present name from the Lords of it the ancient Barons Latimer Here Sir Edwyn Sandys Kt. who married the only daughter of Baron Sandys hath a fine seat 7 On the other side Chesham Bois where and at Draiton Beauchamp the family of Cheneis hath anciently flourish'd Passing hence scarce three miles northward we come to the â—idge of the Chiltern hills which divides the whole Shire from south-west to north-east through many little villages of which the most considerable is Hamden Hamden whence the ancient family in this County took their name On the eastern angle of the hills upon a descent stands Asheridge Asheridge formerly a house of pleasure of the Kings where Edmund Earl of C rnwal son to Richard King of the Romans founded a Monastery for a new Order of Religious men by him first brought into England call'd * Boâ—i-hominâ—â— Bon-hommes 8 Who profess'd the rule of St. Austin they wore a sort of sky-colour'd habit after the manner of the Hermits From the top of these hills we have a clear and full prospect of the Vale The Vâ—â—e which I said was the other part of the County It is altogether champain the soil is chalky stiff and fruitful The rich meadows feed an incredible number of sheep whose soft and fine fleeces are sought after even from Asia it self f Here are no woods unless on the west side where among others is Bernwood 9 Whose foresters surnam'd de Borstall were famous in former times Nigel de Berstall was so sirnam'd from having kill'd a wild boar in that forest for which he had from the King one hide of arable land call'd Dere-hyde and on that he built a mansion and call'd it Bore-stale in memory of tâ—e slain boar about which in the year 914. the Danes committed great outrages d There is no tradition or authority that this town was ever call'd Burgus or that it was ever sackt by the Danes By a late Author Kennet's Parochial Antiquitat p. 41. it is deriv'd from Bruel a thorny place from bruer a thorn and then perhaps was ruin'd that ancient Burgh as Roman money found there doth witness which was afterwards a Royal village of Edward the Confessor though it be now a small Country-town and instead of Buri-hill is by contraction call'd Brill Brill g In this low part of the County though stor'd sufficiently with towns and villages yet we meet with few worth our observation and they seated by the Thames or by the Isis or Ouse Not far from the river Thames which watereth the south part of the Vale stands on a rising ground a very fair Market-town large and pretty populous surrounded with a great number of pleasant meadows and pastures and now call'd Ailsbury Ailsbury whence the whole Vale is commonly term'd The Vale of Ailsbury The Saxons call'd it ' Aeglesburge e As also Aeglesbyrg Aeglesburch Aâ—gelesburh when Cuthwolph the Saxon took it by force in the year f 571.
and was not wholly laid aside till the Reign of King Edward 3. g Betwixt these two towns Ware and Hertford which are scarce two miles asunder Lea is augmented by two small rivers that fall into it from the north Asser names them b These two rivers are call'd by the Saxon Chronicle Memera and Benefica Mimera and Beneficia I should guess that to be the Beneficia upon which stands Bennington where the Bensteds a noted family had formerly a small Castle 12 And also Woedhall an habitation of the Bâ—tlers who being branch'd from Sir Ralph Butler Baron of Wem in Shropshire and his wife heir to William Pantulfe Lord of Wem were Lords of Pulre-bach and enrich'd much by an heir of Sir Richard Gobion and another of Peletot Lord of this place in the time of K. Edw. 3. And that to be the Mimera which passeth by Pukerich a place that obtain'd the privilege of a Fair and Market by the Grant of Edward 1. procured by the interest of William le Bland 13 Whereupon also neighboureth Standon with a seemly house built by Sir Ralph Sadleir Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Privy-Counsâ—llor to three Princes and the last Knight Banneret of England a man so advanc'd for his great Services and stay'd wisdom Behind Puckerich Munden Furnivall presents it self which deserves mention on this account 14 That Geffrey Earl of Britain gave it to Gerard c. that it had for its Lord Gerard de Furnivall Furnivall from whom also it took it's name a younger son of Gerard Furnivall of Sheffield But now let us return to the river Lea and the town of Ware as far as which place the Danes came up the river in their light Pinnaces as Asser relateth it and there built a Fort which when King Alfred could not take by force he digged three new Chanels and so turned the waters of the Lea out of their old course to cut off their fleet from returning that from that time the river was of no great use to the neighbourhood untill it was not long since restored to it 's ancient Chanel and made more commodious for the conveyance of wares corn c. The Lea soon after it hath left Ware takes into it from the east a small river named Stort which first runneth by Bishops Stortford Bishâ—ps Stortford a little town fortified formerly with a small Castle standing upon an hill raised by art within a little island h Castle of Waymore Which Castle William the Conquerour gave to the Bishops of London whence it came to be called Bishops Stortford But King John out of hatred to Bishop c William de S. Maria made Bishop An. 1199. the same year that King came to the Crown W. demolish'd it 15 From thence it maketh his way by Sabridgworth a parcel of the honour of Earl William Mandevile and sometime the possâ—ssion of Geffry Say near Shingle-hall honested by the owners the Leventhorpes of ancient Gâ—ntry So on not far from Honsdon c. From thence it passeth on to Hunsdon which place by the favour of Queen Elizabeth Baron of Hunsdon gave the title of Baron to Sir Henry Cary then Lord Chamberlain For besides that he was descended from that family of the Dukes of Somerset which was of the Blood Royal he also was by his mother Mary Bolen Cousin-German to Qu. Elizabeth The Lea having now receiv'd this small river hast'neth on with a more full and briâ—k current toward the Thames 16 Under Hodsdon a fair through-fair to which H. Bourchier Earl of Essex having a fair house at Baise thereby wâ—ile it stood procur'd a market and in it's passage thither as it were chearfully salutes Theobald-house Theobalds commonly called Tibauld's a place than which as to the Fabrick nothing can be more neat and as to the Gardens the Walks and Wildernesses nothing can be more pleasant i This House was built by that Nestor of Britain the right honorable Baron Burleigh Lord Treasurer of England to whom more particularly this river owns it self obliged for the recovery of it's ancient Chanel But now let us return to the heart of the County where are places more ancient Twelve miles westward from Hertford stood Verolanium in old time a very famous City Tacitus calls it Verulamium Verolamiuâ— Ptolemy Urolanium and Verolamium The situation of this place is very well known to have been close by the town of St. Albans St. Albans in Caisho Hundred which Hundred was without doubt in old time inhabited by those Cassii of whom Caesar makes mention The Saxons call'd it Watlinga-cester from the famous high-way named Watlingstreat and Werlam-ceaster Neither hath it as yet lost it's ancient name for it is still commonly call'd Verulam altho' nothing of it now remains but ruins of walls checquer'd pavements and Roman Coins now and then digg'd up there k It was seated upon the side of an easie hill which faced the east and was fortified with very strong walls a double rampire and deep trenches toward the south And on the east part it had a small rivulet which formerly made on that side a large Mere or standing water whereupon it has been conjectur'd that this was the town of Cassibelinus Cassâ—belinus his town so well defended by the woods and marshes which was taken by Caesar For there is not that I know of any other Mere hereabouts In Nero's time it was esteemed a Municipium which occasion'd Ninius in his catalogue of Cities to call it Caer-Municip So that there is no doubt but this was that Caer Municipium which Hubert Goltzius found in an old Inscription These Municipia Mâ—niâ—ipâ—a were Towns whose inhabitants enjoyed the rights and privileges of Roman citizens And the name was framed à muneribus capiendis i.e. from their capacity to bear publick Offices in the Commonwealth These Municipia as to orders and degrees had their Decuriones their Equites or Gentlemen and their Commons as to their publick Council a Senate and People as to their Magistrates and Priests their Duumviri and Triumviri to administer justice and also their Censors Aedils Quaestors and Flamins But whether this our Verulam was a Municipium with Suffrages or without is not easie to determine A Municipium with Suffrages they call'd that which was capable of publick honours as they called the other which was uncapable a Municipium without Suffrages In the reign of the same Nero when Bunduica or Boadicia Queen of the Iceni out of an inveterate hatred had raised a bloody war against the Romans this town as Tacitus writeth was by the Britains entirely ruined Of which Suetonius makes mention in these words These miseries which were the effects of that Prince's inhumanity were attended with a massacre in Britain where ‖ Verulam and Maldâ—n two of the chiefest towns in that Island were taken and sack'd with a dreadful slaughter both of Roman Citizens and their
those days for making of brick and divers other Romans coins and vessels were found as Mr. Stow tells us belonging to their Sacrifices and Burials beside what he mentions Such as the Coins of Trajan and Antoninus Pius Lamps Lachrymatories Patinae and vessels of white earth with long necks and handles which I suppose must be the Gutti used in their Sacrifices †Survey p. 177. There were many Roman Coins also discover'd in the foundations of Aldgate when it was rebuilt in the year 1607. which were formerly kept in the Guild-hall ‖ Ibid. p. 121 But many more of all kinds since the late fire in the foundations of St. Paul's Church now rebuilding and in the making of Fleet-ditch which were carefully collected by Mr. John Coniers Citizen and Apothecary of London and are now many of them in the possession of the ingenious Mr. Woodward the present Professor of Physick in Gresham-College London Many Urns and Coins have been also met with in digging the foundations of the new buildings in Goodmans-fields as there daily are in many other places upon the like occasions especially in the Suburbs of the City w Southwark was 't is true Apr. 23. 1549. 4 Edw. 6. purchased of the King by the Lord Mayor Commonalty and Citizens of London for the sum of Six hundred forty seven pounds two shillings and a penny and annext to their City and erected immediately into a new Ward call'd the Bridg-ward without and was thenceforth to be esteemed within the government and correction of the Lord Mayors and other Officers of London and their Deputies The inhabitants were licensed to enjoy and use all such Laws and Privileges whatsoever within their Borough and Precincts as the Citizens of London did within their City * Stow's Survey p 442 443. Which possibly might move our Author to place its history here But it was not thereby remov'd out of Surrey as appears by the provisions of the King's Grant whereby care is taken that the Lord Mayor should do and execute all such things within the Borough as other Justices might within the County of Surrey and that he as Escheator within the Borough and Precincts should have power to direct Precepts to the Sheriff of Surrey for the time being †See more of this in Surrey x The Hospital of Christ-Church founded Anno 1552. by King Edward the sixth as it stood in our Author's time maintain'd but 600 Orphans whereof part Boys and part Girls and both the children of Freemen of this City Since the Fund being uncertain depending as well upon the casual charity both of living and dying persons as upon its real Estate the number has been augmented and diminisht in proportion to the increase and decrease of that sort of Charity However it seldom now maintains less than 1000 annually nor is there reason to fear they will ever have fewer Here having run through the several Schools at 15 years they are put forth to a seven years Apprenticeship except some Boys of the best parts who are sent to the Universities and there also maintain'd for seven years which is the present state of King Edward's foundation Mathematical School To this there has been added another of late years stiled the New Royal Foundation of King Charles the second consisting of 40 Boys all wearing Badges appropriate to their Institution to be fill'd up successively out of such of the above-mention'd Children as have attain'd to a competency in fair writing and Latin learning Thence-forward they are instructed in the Mathematicks and Art of Navigation till they are 16 years of age at which time they are disposed of in a seven years Apprenticeship to the practice of Navigation Which Institution most highly charitable in it self and tending to the honour and safety of the Kingdom as well as the security and advancement of our Trade was founded the 19th of August Anno 25 Car. 2. Earls of MIDDLESEX Sir Lionel Cranfield Kt. Merchant of London having for his great abilities been first made Master of the Requests then of the great Wardrobe and after of the Wards and at last privy Counsellor upon the 19. of July 19 Jac. 1. was advanced to the degree of a Baron of this Realm by the title of Lord Cranfield of Cranfield in Bedfordshire and to the office and dignity of Lord high Treasure of England and by Letters Patents bearing date Sept. 2. 1622. 20 Jac. 1. to the Earldom of Middlesex Who by his second wife Anne daughter to James Bret of Howbey in the County of Leicester Esquire had issue four sons James Edward Lionel and William whereof James and Lionel succeeded him in the Honour but both dying without issue this Title descended to his eldest daughter Frances married to Richard Earl of Dorset and her issue and is accordingly now enjoyed by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Dorset and Middlesex Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold and Knight of the Garter More rare Plants growing wild in Middlesex communicated by Mr. James Petiver Filicula saxatilis ramosa maritima nostras Raii Synops Hist Plant. Small-branch'd Stone-fern On many old walls in and about London as the Savoy Westminster Royal Garden c. Fungus spongiosus niger reticulatus doliolis vinosis adnascens Raii synops Mr. Doody's spung-like Mushrome In most vaults sticking to the wine casks Eruca sylvestris Ger. sylv vulgatior Park major lutea caule aspero C. B. tenuifolia perennis fl luteo J. B. Wild Rocket On old walls about this City frequently as on London-wall between Cripplegate and Bishopsgate the Charter-house c. plentifully Viscum Ger. vulgare Park baccis albis C. B. Quercus aliarum arborum J. B. Misseltoe On some trees at Clarendon house St. James's Nasturtium aquaticum amarum Park majus amarum C. B. Nasturtium aq fl majore elatius Raii syn Bitter Cresses On the Thames-bank between Peterborough-house and Chelsey Conserva reticulata Raii Hist Plant. append 1852. synops 15. Mr. Doody's netted Crow-silk In some ditches about Westminster and Hounslow-heath Bardana major Rosea Park 1222. lappa Rosea C. B. prodr 102. Rose Burdock This variety which Caspar Bauhine averrs to be found frequently about Leipsick I have observed near the Thames between Westminster and Chelsey Juncus caule triangulari Merr. Pin. 67. The three-corner'd Bulrush In the Thames between Peterborough-house and the Horse-ferry Westminster Cyperus rotundus litoreus inodorus J. B. rotundus inodorus Anglicus C. B. rotundus litoâ—eos Ger. rotundus litoreus inodorus Anglicus Park Round-rooted Bastard Cyperus Sagitta aquatica omnium minima Raii synops append 242. The least Arrow-head Observed by that most curious Botanist Dr. Plukenet to grow with the two last Salix minima fragilis foliis longissimis untrinqueviridibus non serratis Raii synops append 238. Dr. Sherard's Green Osier Amongst the Willows on the Thames side between Westminster and Chelsey Salix folio Amygdalino utrinque aurito corticem abjiciens Raii synops 216. Almond-leav'd
and East-Sex-scire a And along with Middlesex and part of Hertfordshire East-seaxna ric by the Normans Exssesa commonly Essex is a Country of a great breadth very fruitful abounding in Saffron very well stored with wood and exceeding rich On the one side the sea on the other the rivers well stock'd with fish do as it were crown the County and plentifully serve it with their commodities To the North the river Stour divides it from Suffolk on the East the sea comes up on the south the river Thames now encreas'd to a considerable bigness separates it from Kent as on the West the little river Ley from Middlesex and the Stort or lesser Stour which runs into the Ley from Hartfordshire In describing this County I shall use my former method and first observe what is most worth our notice near the Ley and the Thames and then proceed to those parts that lye inward and those that border on the sea a Near the Ley in Saxon Lygean spreads out a Chase of vast extent full of game the largest and fattest deer in the Kingdom called heretofore by way of eminence the Forest of Essex b now Waltham-Forest Waltham-Forest from the town Waltham in Saxon Wealdham i.e. a dwelling in the woods This town is seated on the Ley where the stream being divided encloseth several little Islands and is of no ancient original For in the latter times of the Saxons one Tovius a man of great wealth and authority and * Stallerus i.e. Vexillifer Standard-bearer to the King as we read in the private records of the place by reason of the abundance of deer made this place and guarded it with 66 men After his death his son Athelstan soon squander'd away the estate and Edward the Confessor bestow'd this village on Harold son to Earl Godwin Waltham Abbey who built here a Monastery where he himself was interr'd For having possess'd himself of the crown thro' his own ambition and the inadvertency of other men he rais'd this structure in honour of the Holy Cross 1 Found far westward and brought hither as they write by miracles Here he solemnly made his vows for success against the Normans and being presently after slain by them in battel his mother having obtain'd his body of the enemy by the most submissive intreaties deposited it in the same place It is now honour'd with the title of a Baron in 2 Sir Edward the Lord Edward Deny Baron Dâ— call'd to Parliament by K. James Above this a rising hill gives us a delightful prospect of Copthall Copthâ—ll formerly the seat of the Fitz-Auchers now of Sir Thomas Heneage Kt who hath brought it to this perfection On this river without doubt was seated the old Durolitum of Antoninus but 't is beyond my abilities to determine the exact place for to speak once for all the ancient places of this County are so strangely obscure and puzling that I who in other parts have made some discoveries must here freely own my self in the dark But were I to guess in this matter the place I should pitch upon is Leiton which still retains the ancient appellation Durolitum Durolitâ—â— signifying in British the water of Ley c 'T is at present a little scattering village some v. miles from London for which number thro' the negligence of transcribers xv hath crept into the Itinerary That there was here formerly a passage over the river a place in the neighbourhood call'd Ouldford or the Old-ford plainly argues Here when Maud wife to Hen. 1. had very narrowly escap'd drowning she took care to have a bridge built somewhat lower on the river at Stratford Where being divided into 3 streams it washeth the green meadows and makes them look most delicately Hereabouts we meet with the ruins of a little monastery built by William Montfichet a great Norman Lord about the year 1140. After this the Ley uniting it's streams runs with a gentle current into the Thames whence this place is call'd Ley-mouth ESSEX By Robt. Morden From the mouth of the Roding thro' a low country laid often in many places under ground Marshes whose unwholsome vapours very much impair the health of the adjacent inhabitants the Thames keeps on it's course to Tilbury Near which there are several spacious Caverns in a chalky cliff built very artificially with stone to the height of 10 fathoms Holes cut out being somewhat straight at the top A person that had been down to view them gave me a description of them much like this Of these I have nothing more to say than what I have mention'd elsewhere 〈◊〉 Kent p. â— Tâ—â—bâ—ry But this Tilbury which Bede calls Tilaburg consisting at present only of a few cottages by the river side was formerly a Bishop's See presided by Ceada when about the year 630. he converted the East-Saxons to the Christian Faith Afterwards passing by places here and there lying low but generally unhealthy the river opens it self and divides the Island Convennos Convennos Iâ—l which is the Counos mention'd by Ptolemy from the Continent This place hath not yet quite lost it's name but is still call'd Canvey Canvey It runs along the Confines of Essex for 5 miles together from Leegh to Hole-haven some part of it belonging to the Church of Westminster But the ground is so extreme low that 't is very often all drowned except a few of the highest hillocks which in such a case serve for a retreat to the sheep Of these there are commonly fed four thousand in this Island the meat of which is of a very excellent taste I have observed young men with little stools under them milking them as women in other places and making cheese of Ewe's milk in the little dairy-houses or huts built for that purpose which they call Wiches Over against this Island are seated Beamfleet Bâ—amfleet fortified with a Castle and large and deep ditches saith Florilegus by Hastingus or Hasteny the Dane which were all forced by King Alfred Then Hadleigh formerly the castle of Hubert de Burgh afterwards of Thomas de Woodstock now a heap of ruins And lastly Leegh a prâ—tty little town well stock'd with lusty sea-men Near this stands Pritlewell in which one Swain de Essex heretofore built a Cell for Monks Here too the land juts out into a nook call'd Black-tayl-point and Shoberry-Nesse from Shobery â—â—oâ—ery a little village upon it foâ—merly the city Sceobirig For we read in the old Saxon Annals that the Danes being chased from Beamfleot repaired to a city of the East-Saxons call'd in their language Sceobirig and there secur'd themselves with fortifications Here being forsaken of it's banks on both sides the Thames is constrain'd to empty it self into the Ocean Whence the place is call'd by Ptolemy Tamesae and in some copies corruptly Jamesae aestuarium by us the Thames-mouth Farther into the main land lies Rochford Rochford giving
name to this Hundred now the Estate of the Lords Rich. It was formerly possess'd by a very ancient family of the same name whose estate fell at last to Butler Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire and from him to 4 Sir Thomas Thomas Bollen created by Hen. 8. first Visc Rochford and afterwards E. of Wiltshire from whom the excellent Q Elizabeth and the Barons Hunsdon are descended 5 Here I have heard much speech of a Lawless-Court as they called it holden in a strange manner about Michaelmas in the first peep of the day upon the first cock-crowing in a silent sort yet with shrew'd sines eftsoons redoubled if not answered which servile attendance they say was imposed upon certain Tenants thereabout for conspiring there at such unseasonable time to raise a commotion But I leave this knowing neither the original nor the certain form thereof Only I heard certain obscure barbarous Rhimes of it Curia de Domino Rege tenetur sine Lege Ante ortum solis luceat nisi polus c. not worth remembring On the Thames-side toward the East at farther distance from the shore the places best worth our notice are those that follow in their order And first Havering Havering an ancient retiring place of the Kings called so from a ring given there by a stranger to Edward the Confessor as a present from St. John Horn-Church called formerly Horn-Monastery a pair of huge leaden horns are now fasten'd to the east-side of the Church Rumford Rumford famous for the Hog market and a building adjoyning called Giddy-Hall which belong'd to 6 Sir Thomas Thomas Coke sometime Lord Mayor of London See the Annals 1467. whose great riches expos'd him to extraordinary dangers For being in the worst of times tho' innocent accus'd of High treason altho' thro' the integrity of Judge Markham he was acquitted yet had he a severe fine imposed on him to the value of very near his whole estate Brentwood 7 Called by thâ— Normans Bois arse in the same sense and by that name King Stephen granted a Market and a Fair there to the Abbot of St. Osith and many â—â—ars after Isabel Countess of Bedford Daughter to King Edward 3. built a Chapel to the memory of S. Thomas of Canterbury for the ease of the inhabitants Brentwood and Engerston formerly Engheaston noted only for their Inns and Markets Here I am at a stand and in doubt whether I had best take this opportunity to ease my self of a conjecture which I have sometime since conceiv'd Since the City Caesaromagus was certainly seated in these parts and that no doubt Caesaromagus call'd in the Itinerary-table Barâ—magus a place of eminent note in the time of the Romans as the very name imports signifying as much as the City of Caesar in the same manner as Drusomagus the city of Drusus Which too seems probably to have been built in honour of Augustâ—us For Suetonius informs us that all the Princes who were the friends and allies of that Emperour built cities in his honour in the names of which the word Caesar compos'd a part What then if I should fix Caesaromagus near this Brentwood Could the reader forbear to smile at my fancy Indeed my opinion can receive very little strength from the distances in the Itinerary since the numbers are there so strangely corrupted Yet those from Colonia and Canonium agree very well to this place Nor can I draw an argument from the situation of it on a Roman way since we can find no footsteps of any such in this County Nor do we meet with the least shadow of the word Caesaromagus unless a very small affinity in the name of the Hundred formerly called Ceasford now Cheafford Hundred And indeed as the names of some ancient places are very little alter'd others quite changed there are others so mangled that only one syllable or two of the former denomination remains Thus Caesar-augusta in Spain is now corrupted into Sarogosa Caesaromagus in Gaul hath entirely lost it's old name and assum'd that of Beauvois and Caesarea in Normandy hath scarce one entire syllable left it in the present name Cherburg But why do I insist on these trifles If Caesaromagus be not in this neighbourhood let others seek for it elsewhere For my part the discovery is far beyond my reach tho' I have used all the assistance that my eyes and ears could afford me d Hard by I saw South-Okindon South Okindon heretofore the seat of the Bruins Bruin a family of very great repute in these parts From which by two co-heiresses that were several times married Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk the Tirels Berniers Harlestons Heveninghams and others are descended The male issue of this family are still remaining in Hamshire And Thorndon Thorndon where Sir John Petre Kt. 8 Created by our Sovereign King James c. now Baron Petre Baron Petre. of Writtle hath built a fair seat It was formerly the habitation of the noble family of the Fitz-Lewis's the last of which if we believe common report upon the casual burning of the house at the solemnity of his wedding was miserably consum'd in the flames Then Burghsted by contraction Bursted i.e. the place of a Burgh a denomination given to many places by our ancestors Here I once thought was the Caesaromagus But whatever it were formerly at present 't is only a small village inhabited by husband-men near Billiricay a pretty large market-town Hard by is Ashdown Ashdown formerly Assandun i.e. as Marian interprets it The Mount of Asses famous for a desperate battel in which Edmund Ironside at first put the Danes to the rout but afterwards thro' treachery lost the day together with a great number of his Nobility In memory of which we read that Canutus the Dane built here a Church when repenting of all the blood he had occasion'd to be spilt he erected some kind of religious structure wherever he had engaged in fight Not far from hence lies Raleigh a pretty little town 't is call'd in Domesday-book Raganeia which makes mention of a Castle built here by one Sweno Where too we read Arpennâ—s Wine There is one park six Arpennies of vineyards which if it takes well yields twenty Modii of wine which I here take notice of both for the French word Arpennis and for the wine made in this Island Ralph de Diceto This Sweno was a very eminent man for name and honour the son of Robert Fitz-Wimaerc Family of Essex and father of Robert de Essex to whom was born 9 Sir Robert de Essex Henry de Essex b See in Flintshire under the title Coleshul Standard-bearer to the King by right of inheritance who in a battel against the Welsh threw away his courage and standard together and being accus'd of High treason c By Robert de Montfort overcome in single combat and thrown into prison
an honourable series of Earls and Lords are descended From hence passing through Earls-Coln so call'd by reason of its being the burying place of the Earls of Oxford where Aubry de Vere 24 In the time of King Henry 1. founded a small Convent and took himself a religious habit it goes on to Colonia which Antoninus mentions and makes a different place from Colonia Camaloduni Whether this Colonia Colonia be deriv'd from the same word signifying a Colony or from the river Coln let Apollo determine k For my part I am more inclin'd to the latter opinion since I have seen several little towns that adding the name of Coln to that of their respective Lords are call'd Earls-Coln Wakes-Coln Coln-Engain Whites-Coln This city the Britains call'd Caer Colin the Saxons Coleceaster and we Colchester Colchester 'T is a beautiful populous and pleasant place extended on the brow of an hill from West to East surrounded with walls and adorn'd with 15 Parish-Churches besides that large Church which Eudo Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. John This is now turn'd into a private house In the middle of the city stands a castle ready to fall with age Historians report it to have been built by Edward son to Aelfred when he repair'd Colchester which had suffer'd very much in the wars 25 And long after Maud the Empress gave it to Alberic Vere to assure him to her party But that this city flourish'd even more than ever in the time of the Romans abundance of their coins found every day fully evince l Though I have met with none ancienter than Gallienus the greatest part of them being those of the Tetrici Victorini Posthumus C. Carausius Helena mother to Constantine the Great Constantine and the succeeding Emperours The inhabitants glory that Fl. Julia Helena mother to Constantine the Great was born in this city daughter to King Coelus And in memory of the Cross which she found they bear for their arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns Of her and of this city thus sings Alexander Necham though with no very lucky vein Effulsit sydus vitae Colcestria lumen Septem Climatibus lux radiosa dedit Sydus erat Constantinus decus imperiale Serviit huic flexo poplite Roma potens A star of life in Colchester appear'd Whose glorious beams of light seven climats shar'd Illustrious Constantine the world's great Lord Whom prostrate Rome with awful fear ador'd The truth is she was a woman of a most holy life and of an unweary'd constancy in propagating the Christian Faith whence in old inscriptions she is often stiled PIISSIMA and VENERA-BILIS AUGUSTA Between this city where the Coln emptieth it self into the sea lyes the the little town of St. Osith the old name was * Cice by the Saxon Annals Chic Chic the present it receiv'd from the holy Virgin St. Osith S. Osithe who devoting her self entirely to God's service and being stabbed here by the Danish pyrates was by our ancestors esteem'd a Saint In memory of her Richard Bishop of London about the year 1120. built a Religious house and fill'd it with Canons Regular This is now the chief seat of the right honourable the Lords Darcy Barons Darcy of Chich. stiled Lords of Chich who were advanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the sixth 26 When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his Councellor Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard Lord Darcy of Chich. m From hence is stretch'd out a vast shore as far as Nesse-point Nesse in Saxon Eadulphesness What was once found hereabouts let Ralph de Coggeshal tell you who wrote about 350 years ago In the time of King Richard on the sea-shore in a village call'd Edulfinesse were found two teeth of a Giant Giants of such a prodigious bigness that two hundred of such teeth as men ordinarily have now might be cut out of one of them These I saw at Cogshal and handled with great admiration Another I know not what Gigantick relique was found near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth by the noble R. Candish I can't deny but there have been men of such extraordinary bulk and strength as to be accounted prodigies whom God as St. Austin tells us therefore produc'd in the world to show that comeliness of body and greatness of stature were therefore not to be esteem'd among the good things because they were common to the impious with the virtuous and religious Yet we may justly suspect what Suetonius hath observ'd that the vast joints and members of great beasts dugg up in other countries and in this kingdom too have been commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Giants Bones of Giants n From this point the shore runs back a little to the Stour's mouth famous for a sea-fight between the Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now seated Harewich Harewiâ—â— a very safe harbour as the name imports for the Saxon Hare-Æ¿ic signifies as much as an haven or bay where an army may lye 27 The town is not great but well peopled fortified by art and nature and made more fencible by Queen Elizabeth The salt-water so creeketh about it that it almost insulateth it but thereby maketh the springs so brackish that there is a defect of fresh water whcih they fetch-some good way off o This is that Stour which parteth Essex and Suffolk and on this side runs by no memorable place only some fat pastures But not far from the spring of this river stands Bumsted which the family of the Helions held by Barony 28 From whom the Wentworths of Gosfield are descended And in those parts of this county which are opposite to Cambridgeshire lyes Barklow Barkl w. Old Baâ—rows famous for four great Barrows such as our ancestors us'd to raise to the memory of those Soldiers that were kill'd in battel and their bodies lost But when two others in the same place were dugg up and search'd we are told that they found three stone Coffins and abundance of pieces of bones in them The Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd after a battel with the Danes And the †Wall-wort or Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty and bears red berries they call by no other name but Dane's-blood Danes-blood denoting the multitude of Danes that were there slain Lower among the fields that look pleasantly with Saffron is seated g Call'd formerly Walden-burg and afterwards Cheping-Walden Walden Waldâ—â— a market-town call'd thence Saffron-Walden 29 Incorporated by King Edward 6. with a Treasurer two Chamberlains and the Commonalty It was famous formerly for the castle of the Magnavils which now scarce appears at all and for an adjacent little Monastery 30 Founded in a place very commodious in the year 1136. Commonly call'd Maâ—dâ—villeâ— in which the Magnavils founders of it lye interr'd Jeffrey de Magnaville was
the first that gave life as it were to this place For Maud the Empress gave him Newport a pretty neighbouring town in these words which are transcrib'd from the Original Charter For as much as he us'd to pay at the day of my father Henry's death and to remove the market of Newport to his castle of Walden with all the customs which before belong'd to the said market in Toll passage and other customs And that the way of Newport which lyes near the shore be turn'd to Walden according to custom upon the ground forfeited to me and that the market at Walden be kept on Sundays and Thursdays and that there be a fair held in Walden to begin on Whitsun-eve and last all the following week From this market the place was long call'd Chepping-Walden We read also in the Register of this Abbey He appointed Walden as the head of his Honour and the whole County for a seat for himself and his heirs The place where he built the Monastery had great plenty of water which ran here continually from springs that never dried up The Sun visits it very early in the morning and forsakes it very soon in the evening being kept off by the hills on each side This place is now call Audley-end from 31 Sir Thomas Thomas Audley Chancellor of England Baron â—â—dley of Walden who changâ—d the Monastery into a dwelling-house for himself He was created Baron Audley of Walden by Hen. 8. and left one daughter and heir Margaret second wife to Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk who had issue by her Thomas William Elizabeth and Margaret Thomas famous for his experience in sea-affairs was summon'd to Parliament by Q. Elizabeth An. 1587 by the name of Lord Howard by Walden And lately King James hath created him Earl of Suffolk and made him his Chamberlain 32 Who in this place hath begun a magnificent Building Near whose house at Chesterford there was seated a much ancienter little city near Icaldune in the very utmost limits of the County which now from the old Burrough the Country-people call Burrow-bank Burrow-bank There are only the marks of a ruin'd place to be seen and the plain track of the walls Yet I shall by no means affirm it to be h This in another place be fancies may be St. Edmundsbury See Suffolk under that title the Villa Faustini which Antoninus mentions in these parts and tho' Ingrati haud laeti spatia detinet campi Sed rure vero barbaróque laetátur Of no vast tracts of barren land 't is proud But like true Country innocently rude Yet I shan't so much as dream this to have been the place described in these and the other verses of the ingenious * Martial Epigrammatist The fields as I have said before look very pleasant with sown Saffron 33 A commodity brought into England in the time of King Edward 3. Saffron For in the month of July every third year when the roots have been taken up and after twenty days put under the turf again about the end of September they shoot forth a bluish flower out of the midst whereof hang down three yellow chives of Saffron which are gather'd best in the morning before sun-rise and being taken out of the flower are dried by a gentle fire And so wonderful is the increase that from every acre of ground they gather 80 or 100 pound of wet Saffron which when it 's dry will be about 20 pound And what 's more to be admir'd that ground which hath bore Saffron three years together will bear Barley very plentifully 18 years without dunging and afterwards will be fit enough for Saffron Bâ—rons of Câ—avering More to the South lies Clavering which Hen. 2. gave with the title of a Baron to 34 Sir Robert Fitz-Roger Robert Fitz-Roger from whom the family of the Euers are descended His posterity having after the old way for a long time taken for their sirname the Christian-name of their father as John Fitz-Robert Robert Fitz-John c. at length upon the command of Edw. 1. took the name of Clavering from this place But of these when we come to Northumberland See in Northumberland Here too Stansted-Montfitchet presents it self to our view which I can't pass by in silence since it was formerly the seat or Barony of the family of the Montfitchets Barons Montfitchet Arms of the Montfitchâ—â— who bore for Arms Three Cheverons Or in a shield gules and were reckon'd among the most honourable of our Nobility But the male-line continued no farther than to five Descents when the inheritance fell to three sisters Margaret wife to Hugh de Bolebec Aveline to William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle The Playzes and Philippa wife to Hugh Playz The posterity of the last continued till within the memory of our Grandfathers and ended in a daughter married to Sir John Howard Kt. from whose daughter by 35 Sir George Vere George Vere the Lords Latimer and Wingfield are descended A little lower stands Haslingbury Hâ—sâ—ingbury the seat of the Lords Morley of whom more in Norfolk Adjoyning to this is an old military Vallum thence call'd Wallbery and more to the East Barrington-Hall the seat of the noble family of the Barringtons Barrington who in the time of King Stephen were greatly enrich'd with the estate of the Lords Montfitchet that then fell to them and in the memory of our fathers a match with the daughter and heir of 36 Sir Henry Pole Henry Pole Lord Montacute son and heir to Margaret Countess of Salisbury render'd them more illustrious by an alliance with the royal blood 37 Neither is Hatfield Regis commonly called of a broad spread Oak Hatfield Brad-Oak to be omitted where Robert Vere Earl of Oxford built a Priory and there lyeth entombed cross-legg'd with a French Inscription wherein he is noted to be first of that name Robert and third Earl of Oxford After the Norman Conquest Maud the Empress Lady of the English as she used to stile her self created Geoffrey de Magneville â—â—rls of Essex or Mandevil son of William by Margaret heiress to Eudo ‖ Dapiferi Sewer first Earl of Essex that she might draw to her party a man of that great power and experience in war He in the civil disturbances under King Stephen 38 Despoiled of his estate lost his troublesome life in the field 'T was he too as ancient writers inform us who for his many villanous practices incurr'd the sentence of Excommunication â—egister of Wâ—lden under which at the little town of Burwell he receiv'd a mortal wound in the head As he was just expiring some Templars came in who put on him the habit of their Order marked with a red cross and when he was dead carried him away with them into their own precincts the old Temple at London where putting him into a pipe of lead
they hanged him upon a tree 39 For in a reverent awe of the Church they durst not bury him because he died excommunicated To him succeeded his 2 sons 40 Geoffrey his son who was restored by Hen. 2. to his father's Honours and Estate for him and his heirs William who by his wife was also Earl of Albemarle Geoffrey and William both taken off without issue Afterwards K. John in consideration of a good sum of money 〈◊〉 Pierz 〈◊〉 Fâ—â—z-â—â—â—re promoted Geoffrey Fitz-Pierz L. Ch. Justice a very prudent and grave man to this dignity He had took to wife Beatrice eldest daughter to William de Say descended from the sister of Geoffrey de Magnavil first Earl of Essex A great mony'd man saith an old Author and very rich who with a round sum of money and many entreaties made his application to the Bishop of Ely the King's Justice and laid claim to this Earldom in right of his wife daughter of William brother to Geoffry de Say eldest son by an hereditary title Who admitted him into full seizin thereof and demanded the promis'd sum which he receiv'd within a little time to put into the King's Exchequer He being thus admitted and confirm'd by the King's Letters Patents held and possess'd this honour and receiv'd the Homage of those that held of him by Knight's service 41 And so was girt with the sword of the Earldom of Essex by King John at the solemnity of his Coronation This Geoffrey Fiz-Petre was advanced to the high Estate of Justicer of England by King Richard 1. when he removed Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury from that office by the Pope's peremptory command for that Bishops ought not to intermeddle in secular affairs This place the said Geoffrey Fitz-Petre executed with great commendation preserving by his wisdom the Realm from that confusion which it after fell into by King John's unadvised carriage Geoffrey and William the two sons of this Geoffrey Fitz-Piers taking the sirname of Magnavil or Mandevil enjoy'd this honour The former of these 42 By his wife was Earl of Glocester also and c. died young Register of Walden-Abbey being unfortunately kill'd at a publick Tilting The other took part with Prince Lewis of France against King John and died without issue So that the honour now fell to 43 Their sisters son Humfrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Constable of England For thus writes the Chronologer of Walton-Abbey In the year 1228. the 6th of the Ides of January William de Mandevil Earl of Essex died c. In the same year Humfrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford the Constable of England espoused Maud daughter to Geoffrey Earl of Essex and so succeeded in that honour But from the Archives it is evident that Henry de Bohun father to this Humfrey married the said heiress And such a mistake might easily creep in for in the Writers of that age the Christian-names are only marked with great Letters as See the Earls of Hereford H. for Henry or Humfrey G. for Gilbert or Geoffrey c. Of this family the male heirs succeeded in the dignity of Earls of Hereford and Essex for several years whom I have already reckon'd up among the Earls of Hereford because they wrote themselves Earls of Hereford and Essex Eleanor eldest daughter to the last of the Bohuns given in marriage with the honour to Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester had by him one daughter Anne first married to Edmund Earl of Stafford from whom sprang the Dukes of Buckingham and then to 44 Sir William William Bourgchier to whom K. Henry 5. gave the County of Ewe in Normandy This last had by her a son of his own name advanced to the dignity of Earl of Essex by Edw. 4. 45 In regard he had married his Aunt and was descended from Thomas of Woodstock He was succeeded by another Henry his son's son who died in his old age by a fall from his horse leaving issue only one daughter Anne who being laid aside King Henry 8. that he might make new additions to his honours and preferments created Thomas Cromwell who had been his main assistant in baffling the Pope's authority at the same time Earl of Essex High Chamberlain of England and Knight of the Garter Before this for his extraordinary prudence he had made him Master of the Rolls Secretary of State Baron Cromwell of Okeham Vicar General to the King in spiritual concerns and Lord Keeper and all this in five years time But after five months enjoyment of his Earldom he like most great favourites in the State concluded his scene of life with a most tragical end losing his head for treason The same King promoted to the Earldom of Essex 46 Sir William William Par to whom he had given in marriage Anne the only daughter and heir of Henry Bourgchier But he too at last dying without issue Walter Devreux Viscount Hereford whose great grandmother was Cicely Bourgchier sister to Henry Bourgchier of whom we spoke but now receiv'd the honour of Earl of Essex by the favour of Queen Elizabeth and left it to his son Robert who being for his excellent natural endowments highly in favour with that admirable Princess sail'd with such a smooth and prosperous gale into honours and preferments as to make it the common hope and expectation of the Kingdom that he would equal if not exceed the greatest characters of his Ancestors But at last being carried away with vain ambition and popularity and endeavouring to get the start of his own hopes he hurried himself into a sad destruction As several persons who condemn slow methods though secure choose sudden ones to their utter ruin But his young son Robert was restor'd to full possession of his father's honour by authority of Parliament through the special favour of our present most Serene Soveraign King James There are reckoned in this County 415 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to ESSEX a THE County of Essex is so bounded with waters that by the help of the Ocean on one side and Rivers on others it makes a Peninsula As to Viscountile Jurisdiction it seems formerly to have been annext to Hertfordshire for in the 8th of Edward 3. John de Cogshall was Sheriff of them both about which time also one Escheator discharg'd the office in both b Our Author begins with Waltham-forrest Waltham-forrest which might very well be call d as he observes the Forrest of Essex reaching formerly through this County as far as the Sea * Norden's Essex MS. as appeareth by Edward the Confessor's gift to one Randolph Peperkin It still is so large as to thrust it self out into a great many Hundreds c Near the Thames is Leyton Leyton where Mr. Camden is enclin'd to settle the Durolitum Durolitum of Antoninus though he professes himself altogether at a loss for the places mention'd hereabouts by the Ancients And 't is no wonder that
Besides another share as Mr. Camden observes pass'd to Brus. As for Chelmsford that indeed was a villa belonging to the Bishop of London when the Conqueror's Survey was made and so continu'd till Bishop Bonner alienated it to Henry 8. But it was of no great note till Bishop Maurice built the bridge there about the time of Henry 1. and his Successor William Bishop of London procur'd from King John Anno regni 1. a Market there and An. 2. a Fair. When it grew thus famous the road which is most considerable as to our business began to be through this town tho' till then it had all along laid through Writtle which we suppose to be the old Canonium Upon the river Froshwel or Pant which also runneth into this bay is Finchingfield Fâ—â—â—hingfâ—â—â—d held of Edw. 3. by John Compes by the service of turning the Spit at his Coronation g Going along with this river towards the Sea we find Maldon Maldon without all doubt the ancient Camalodunum tho' as our Author observes several men have sought it in other places It has been so largely treated upon by Authors that little more can be said Only as to the original of the name concerning which most of them seem to be at a loss a â—â—mmes 〈◊〉 late Writer has advanc'd a new one in favour of his own hypothesis that it comes from Camol which in the Phoenician signifies a Prince and Governour and the old dun a hill so that this may be call'd the King's-hill as Mons Capitolinus at Rome signifies Jupiter's-hill It s being Cunobâ—lin's Regia as our Author calls it or Palace seems to give some strength to the conjecture but then how it will suit with the old Altar-Inscription which mentions Camulus Deus and the coins which confirm it I very much doubt and these must be lookt upon as the best authority In a garden at Maldon was found a piece of gold almost as large as a Guinea It has on one side Nero and on the reverse Agrippina and is very exactly done h At six miles distance from Camalodunum the Itinerary mentions Ad Ansam Ad Aâ—sam which our Author thought to have been a Terminus to that famous Colony ‖ A later writer imagines Ad Ansam might be written instead of Ad Arcam which if true favours the conjecture of Mr. Camden because Arca was a monument also such as they set up in the borders of fields and observ'd for limits Hence we read in an old Glossary Arcae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. the utmost extent of possessions As for the position of it he imagines from the distances it could not be far from Coggeshal * Iâ—id and what has since hap'ned in those parts confirms his opinion By the road-side was discover'd an Hypogaeum or Grot with arched work wherein was a lamp in a glass vial cover'd with a Roman tile whose diameter was 14 inches There were also some urns and crocks wherein were ashes and bones Amongst the rest was one of a polite and most fine substance resembling rather Coâ—al than red Earth and had this Inscription upon the cover Coccillim perhaps for Coccilli M. that is Coccilli Manibus If this Coccillus was some Governour who under Antoninus Pius had the command of these places as †Funeral Mâ—â—â—â—men Weaver imagines 't is possible that the present name Coggeshall may have still some remains of that Notwithstanding which there is this objection lyes against our Author's conjecture From Dunmow the old Caesaromagus to Colonia or Colchester there is a direct Port-way runs through Coggeshal Now if that had been the old Ad Ansam 't is unaccountable how the Itinerary which often takes a wide circuit to hook in a town should in the 5th Iter pass by this that lays in its road What then if we should pitch upon Wittham The direct road from Combretonium or Bretton in Suffolk the next station before Ad Ansam Iter 9. lyes through it and it stands at an exact distance from Camalodunum Maldon which immediately follows Ad Ansam in the Itinerary viz. six miles Besides it does not want good evidences of its Antiquity for between the Church and the Street are still visible the remains of a large old Camp though much of the fortifications are digg'd down to make way for the plow and a road lyes through the midst of it What Matthew Westminster has observ'd of a Castle built there by Edward the Elder about the year 912. or 914. and how in the mean time he kept his Court at Maldon is a farther testimony of its Antiquity since as we observ'd before the Saxon Nobility made choice of the forsaken Camps of the Romans If these arguments be convincing that Ad Ansam was at Wittham and that the ruinous Camp there is the remains of it then 't is probable that the stately Manour-place here in Fauburn a mile distant from it was formerly the Villa or Country-house of some noble Roman And what renders the conjecture more plausible is a silver Coin of Domitian discover'd under the very foundation of an old wall built partly of Roman brick by the servants of Edward Bullock Esq Lord of the Manour who having had a liberal education in Trinity-College in Cambridge and marry'd first the daughter of Sir Mark Guien and secondly the daughter of Sir Josiah Child is a real ornament to this place i Not far from the river Coln near the head of it is Wetherfield Wetherfield which I find in an old Deed of Hugh Nevills to be written Weresfield This Hugh was with King Richard the first in his wars in the Holy Land where he slew a Lyon by an arrow-shot and by running him through with his sword which gave occasion to that old verse Viribus Hugonis vires periêre Leonis The Lion's strength couragious Hugh excels To the above-mention'd Deed which is short and plain according to the undesigning simplicity of those times is affixt his Seal wherein is exprest the manner of this Atchievement and about which is written Sigillum Hugonis Nevil It is now in the possession of Mr. John Nevil of Redgwell in this County who is a branch of that family descended from the Nevils of Raby-castle in the Bishoprick of Durham k Upon the river Coln nearer to the sea lyes Colchester Colchester the ancient Colonia Colonia from whence both the river and the town seem to have borrow'd their names For we know it was usual for the Saxons to make new names by adding their ceaster or burh c. to a part of the Roman though it is not to be doubted but the Earls Colne Wakes Colne c. mention'd by our Author and probably of much later being were so call'd immediately from the river as that from the Colony Why might not this be a Colony of the Londoners as London-derry of late years in Ireland especially since Tacitus has particularly observ'd that London
in the publick Records of the kingdom they must excuse me if I suspend my assent till they convince me upon better grounds Not but I own the family of the Glanvils to have made a very great figure in these parts But before Edward the third's time I could never yet find it vouch'd by good authority that any one was honour'd with the title of Earl of this County But that King made Robert de Ufford a person of great exploits both at home and abroad son of Robert Steward of the King's house under Edward the second by Cecilia de Valoniis Lady of Orford Earl of Suffolk To him succeeded his son William whose four sons were snatcht away by an untimely death in his life time and himself just as he was a going to report the opinion of the House of Commons in Parliament fell down dead Robert Willoughby Roger Lord of Scales Inq. 5. Rich. 2. and Henry de Ferrariis of Grooby as next heirs at Law divided the estate Lel. Com. in Cygnaam Cant. Wallingham p. 35â— Regist Mâ—n de Melsa And Richard the second advanc'd Michael de la Pole from a Merchant to this honour and to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England Who as Tho. Walsingham tells us was better vers'd in merchandize as a Merchant himself and the Son of a Merchant than in martial matters For he was the son of William de la Pole the first Mayor of Kingston upon Hull See Hull in Yorkshire i See Brook's Catalogue p. 305. and Discovery of Errours p. 46. 57 58 59. who upon account of his great wealth had the dignity of a Banerett conferr'd upon him by Edward the third But wanting a spirit fit to receive those crowds of prosperity he was forc'd to quit his Country and dy'd in banishment However his being a Merchant does not by any means detract from his honour for who knows not that even our Noblemen's sons have been Merchants Nor will I deny that he was nobly descended though a Merchant 20 Michael his son being restor'd dy'd at the siege of Harslew and within the space of one month his son Michael was in like manner slain in the battel of Agincourt leaving daughters only Michael his son being restor'd had a son Michael slain in the battel of Agincourt and William whom Henry the sixth from Earl of Suffolk first created Marquiss of Suffolk 21 As also Earl of Pembroke to him and the heirs male of his body and that he and his heirs male on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England carry a golden Verge with a dove on the top of it and such another Verge of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of England Afterwards he advanc'd the same person for his great deserts to the honour and title of Duke of Suffolk And indeed he was a man truly great and eminent For when his father and three brothers had lost their life in the service of their Country in the French wars he as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry 6. spent thirty whole years in the same war For seventeen years together he never came home once he was taken while but a Knight and paid twenty thousand pound * Nostrae monetae sterling for his ransom Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor and Knight of the Garter thirty By this means as he gain'd the entire favour of his Prince so did he raise the envy of the people 22 Insomuch that being vehemently accus'd of treason and misprisions and on that account summon'd to appear before the King and Lords in Parliament assembled after having answer'd the Articles objected he referr'd himself to the King's Order Whereupon the Chancellor by his Majesty's special command pronounc'd That whereas the Duke did not put himself on his Peers the King as for what related to the Articles of Treason would remain doubtful and with respect to those of Misprision not as a Judge by advice of the Lords but as a person to whose order the Duke had voluntarily submitted himself did banish him from the Realms and all other his Dominions for five years But he was surpriz'd c. and so for some slight misdemeanours and those too not plainly prov'd upon him he was banish'd and in his passage over into France was intercepted by the enemy and beheaded He left a son John who marry'd Edward the fourth's sister and had by her John Earl of Lincoln This Earl John being declar'd heir apparent to the Crown by Richard the third could not suppress his ambition but presently broke out against King Henry the seventh to his own destruction for he was quickly cut off 23 In the battel at Stoke in the Civil war to his father 's also who dy'd of grief and to the ruine of the whole family which expir'd with him For his brother Edmund styl'd Earl of Suffolk making his escape into Flanders began to raise a Rebellion against King Henry the seventh who better satisfy'd with repentance than punishment had pardon'd him for some heinous Crimes But a little after he was by Philip of Austria Duke of Burgundy against the Laws of Hospitality as they then worded it deliver'd up to Henry who solemnly promis'd him his life but clap'd him in prison Henry the eighth not thinking himself oblig'd to a promise of his father's when he had thoughts of going for France cut him off for fear there might be some insurrections in his absence But Richard his younger brother living under banishment in France made use of the title of Duke of Suffolk who was the last male of the family that I know of and dy'd bravely in the thick of the enemies troops An. 1524. in the battel of Pavie wherein Francis the first King of France was taken prisoner For his singular valour his very enemy the Duke of Bourbon bestow'd upon him a splendid Funeral †Atratúsque interâ—uit and was himself one of the Mourners Afterwards King Henry 8. conferr'd the title of Duke of Suffolk upon 24 Sir Charles Charles Brandon to whom he had given Mary his sister widow of Lewis the 12th King of France in marriage 25 And granted to him all the Hmours and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suffolk had forfeited He was succeeded by his young son Henry and Henry by his brother Charles but both dying of the ‖ Sudore Britannico Sweating-sickness 26 On one day in the year 1551. Edward the sixth dignify'd Henry Grey Marquiss of Dorchester who had marry'd Frances their sister with that title But he did not enjoy it long till he was beheaded by Queen Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to the Throne and was the last Duke of Suffolk From that time the title of Suffolk lay dead till of late King James in the first year of his reign created Thomas Lord Howard of Walden second son of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Earl of Suffolk
Ruffe A Râ—ffâ— and because the English by that word express the Latin Asperum De Râ—â—orum â—â—malium 〈◊〉 stâ—â—â— John Caius term'd it Aspredo For the body of it is all over rough 't is full of sharp finns loves sandy places and in shape and bigness is much like a Perch The colour of †Pâ—â—â—â—â—ma the back is a dark brown the * Pe◠〈◊〉 belly a palish yellow Along the jaws it is markt with a double semicircular line the upper half of the eye is a dark brown the under is yellowish like gold and the ball black 'T is particularly remarkable for a line drawn along the back like a cross thread ty'd to the body The tail and finns are all over spotted with black When 't is provok'd the sinns bristle up when quieted they lay flat and close It eats like a Perch and is particularly valu'd for its ‖ Fâ—â—â—â—â—tate tender shortness and wholesomness So soon as the Yare has pass'd Claxton where is a round Castle lately built by Sir Thomas Gawdy Kt. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 13 It receiveth a brook which passeth by nothing memorable but Halles-hall and that only memorable for its ancient owner Sir James Hobart Attorney-General and of the Privy Council to King Henry the seventh by him dubb'd Knight at such time as he created Henry his son Prince of Wales who by building from the ground the fair Church at London being his Parish-Church St. Olave's bridge over Waveney that divideth Norfolk and Suffolk the Cawsey thereby and other works of piety deserv'd well of the Church his Country and the Common-weal and planted three houses out of his own issue out of the second whereof Sir Henry Hobart his great grandchild now likewise Attorney-General to King James is lineally descended and is now come just to the Sea it takes a turn to the South that it may descend more gently into the Sea by which means it makes a sort of little tongue or slip of Land washt on one side by it self on the other by the Sea In this slip upon an open shore I saw Yarmouth Yaâ—â—â—â—â— in Saxon Gar-muð and Jier-muð i.e. the mouth of the Garienis Gâ—râ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 a very neat harbour and town fortify'd both by the nature of the place and the contrivance of Art For though it be almost surrounded with water on the west with the river over which is a Draw-bridge and on other sides with the Sea except to the North where 't is joyn'd to the Continent yet is it fenc'd with strong stately walls which with the river figure it into an oblong quadrangle Besides the towers upon these there is a mole or mount to the East from whence the great Guns command the Sea scarce half a mile distant all round It has but one Church though very large and with a stately high spire built near the North-gate by Herbert Bishop of Norwich Below which the foundations of a noble Work design'd as an enlargement to this are rais'd above ground I dare not affirm that this was the old Gariononum where formerly the Stablesian Horse lay in garison against the Barbarians Nor yet the neighbouring little village Castor formerly the seat of Sir John Falstoff an eminent Knight 14 And now appertaining to the Pastans famous among the Inhabitants upon account of its antiquity though there is a report that the river Y are had another mouth just under it But as I am throughly convinc'd that the Garianonum Gâ—â—â—anâ—nâ—m was at Burgh-castle in Suffolk which is scarce two miles distant from the other side of the river so am I apt to think that Yarmouth rose out of its ruins and that that Castor was one of the Roman Castles plac'd also at a mouth of the river Y are now shut up For as the * Câ—â—â— North-west-wind plays the tyrant upon the coast of Holland over against this place e Of the nature of this wind Caurus and the injury it does all harbours that are expos'd to it see Somner's Pontus Iccius p. 53. and has stopt up the middle-mouth of the Rhine by heaping in Sands just so has the †Aquilo North-east plagu'd this coast and by sweeping up heaps of Sand seems to have stopt this Mouth Nor will it be any injury if I call this our Yarmouth so nearly joyn'd to the old Garianonum Garâ—anonum it self since the Garienis from whence it had the name has not chang'd its chanel and enters the Ocean below this town to which it hath also given its name For I cannot but own that this our Yarmouth is of later date For when that old Garianonum was gone to decay and there was none left to defend the shore Cerdick the warlike Saxon Câ—rdick the Sâ—â—on landed here from whence the place is call'd by the inhabitants at this day Cerdick-sand Cerdick-sand and by other Historians Cerdick-shore and when he had pester'd the Iceni with a troublesome war set sail from hence for the west where he settl'd the kingdom of the West-Saxons And not long after the Saxons instead of Garianonum built a new town in that moist watery field upon the west side of the river which they call'd Yarmouth But the situation of that proving unwholesom they march'd over to the other side of the river call'd then from the same Cerdick Cerdick-sand and there they built this new town wherein as Domesday-book has it there flourisht in the time of Edward the Confessor 70 Burgesses Afterwards about the year of our Lord 1340. the Citizens wall'd it round Gâ—â— Worceâ—ter and in a short time became so rich and powerful that they often engag'd their neighbours the Lestoffenses and the Portuenses so they call'd the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports in Sea-fights with great slaughter on both sides For they had a particular spight against them possibly upon this account because they were excluded out of the number and depriv'd of the Privileges of the Cinque-Ports which both the old Garianonum and their Ancestors under the Count of the Saxon-shore formerly enjoy'd But a stop was put to these extravagancies by the Royal Authority or as others think by the damp which that grievous plague brought upon them that in one year took 7000 Souls out of this little town as appears by an old Chronographical Table hung up in the Church which also gives an account of their wars with the Portuenses and the Lestoffenses From that time they grew low nor had they wealth sufficient to carry on their merchandise upon which they have betaken themselves mostly to the herring-trade for so they generally call them though the learned think them to be the Chalcides and the Leucomaenides a sort of fish that 's more plentiful upon this coast than any other part of the world Haleces For it seems incredible what a great and throng Fair is here at Michaelmas and what quantities of herring and other
our Children let us briefly out of the Cambridge History make mention of themselves and their Colleges Colleges consecrated to good literature and their own lasting fame The story goes that Cantaber a Spaniard 375 years before Christ first founded this University and that Sebert K. of the East-Angles restor'd it in the year of our Lord 630. Afterwards it was a long time neglected and lay bury'd in the Danish troubles till all things reviv'd under the Norman Government Soon after d See a List of them in Fuller's Antiquities of this University p. 26. Inns Hostels and Halls were built for Students John Caiâ—â— tho' still without any Endowments But Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely founded the first College call'd Peter-house in the year 1284. and endow'd it b Whose example was imitated by these following persons Richard Badew with the help of the Lady Elizabeth Clare Countess of Ulster founded Clare-hall in the year 1340 c The Lady Mary St. Paul Countess of Pembroke Pembroke-hall in the year 1347 d the Society of Friers in Corpus-Christi Corpus-Christi call'd also St. Benet's-College in the year 1346 e William Bateman Bishop of Norwich Trinity-hall about the year 1353 f Edmund Gonevil in the year 1348 and John Caius Dr. of Physick in our time Gonevil and Caius-College g Henry the seventh King of England King's College with a Chapel deservedly reckon'd one of the finest buildings in the world in the year 1441 h the Lady Margaret of Anjou his wife Queen's College in the year 1448 i Robert Woodlark Katherine-hall in the year 1459 k John Alcocke Bishop of Ely Jesus-College in the year 1497 l The Lady Margaret 1 Above Caxton before-mention'd is Eltesley where was in elder Ages a Religious House of holy Virgins among whom was celebrated the incertain memory of Saint Pandionia the daughter of a Scottish King as the tradition is â—ut long since they were translatâ—d to Hinchinbroke And again above Eltesley was the Priory of Swasey founded for black â—ents by Alan la Zouch brother to the Vicâ—unt of Rohan in the Lesser Britain and was the common sepulture a long time for the family of Zâ—uch Countess of Richmond and mother to Henry the seventh Christ-College m and St. John's about the year 1506 now fairly enlarg'd with new buildings n Thomas Awdley Lord Chancellor of England Magdalen-College in the year 1542 since enlarg'd and endow'd by Sir Christopher Wrey Lord Chief Justice of England o the high and mighty Prince Henry the eighth Trinity-College in the year 1546 out of three others St. Michael's College built by Hervie of Stanton in Edward the second 's days King's-hall founded by Edward the third and Fishwick's-Hostel That the Students might have a more delightful habitation this College is now repair'd or rather new-built with that splendour and magnificence by the great care of T. Nevill its worthy Master and Dean of Canterbury that it is now for spaciousness for uniformity and beauty in the buildings scarce inferiour to any in Christendom and he himself may be counted truly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the judgment even of the greatest Philosopher for neglecting private Interests and laying out such large sums on the publick p I cannot but congratulate our present age and our selves too in respect of ingenuous Learning and in that worthy and prudent man Sir Walter Mildmay one of the Queen 's honourable Privy-Council who has founded a new College dedicated to Emanuel q and in the Lady Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex r who by her last Will gave a Legacy of five thousand pound to the founding of a College to be call'd Sidney-Sussex which is now quite finish'd s I shall say nothing of the Monasteries and Religious Houses since they were but of small note except it be Barnwell-Abby Barnwell which Sir Payne Peverell a famous Soldier and Standard bearer to Robert Duke of Normandy in the holy-war in Henry the first 's reign remov'd from St. Giles's Church the place of Picot the Sheriff's Institution of Secular Priests to this place and brought in 30 Monks according to the years of his age at that time If you please you may find the reason of its name in the private History of this place Paâ—well Hâ—â—â—ry Payne Peverell obtain'd a grant of Henry 1. for a spot of ground without the Burrough of Cambridge in the midst of it were extraordinary clear fountains or wells in English call'd Barnwell that is the Wells of Children or Barns as they were then call'd for young men and boys met once a year upon St. John's Eve for wrestling and the like youthful exercises according to the customs of the land and also to make merry together with singing and other musick Now by this means the concourse of boys and girls that met here for sport it grew a custom for a great many buyers and sellers to repair hither at the same time e Now it is commonly call'd Midsummer-Fair Tho' Cambridge was consecrated to the Muses yet it has not always escap'd the furies of Mars for when the Danes ravag'd up and down they often took Winter-quarters here and in the year 1010 when Sueno the Dane had with a desperate rage born down all before him neither it 's Fame nor the Muses could protect it tho' we read that Athens met with a better fate from Sylla but it was all barbarously laid in Ashes However at the first coming in of the Normans it was reasonably well peopl'd for we find in William the Conquerour's Domesday-book that the Burough of Grentbridge is divided into ten Wards and contains 387 dwelling-houses but 18 of 'em were pull'd down to build the Castle t when William 1. determin'd to erect Castles in all parts to be a curb to his new-conquer'd English u It likewise suffer'd very much afterwards in the Barons wars by those Out-laws from the Isle of Ely therefore Henry 3. to put a stop to their incursions order'd a deep ditch to be thrown up on the East-side of the town which still goes by the name of f Now there are but very little remains of this Ditch houses being built on both sides of it and the name it self seems clean forgotten among the Inhabitants King's-ditch Here possibly some may secretly expect to hear my opinion concerning the antiquity of this University but I 'll not meddle in the case nor am I willing to make any comparisons between our two flourishing Universities which have none to rival them that I know of I 'm afraid those have built castles in the air that have made Cantaber the founder of this University immediately after the building of Rome and long before Christ's time straining the antiquity beyond all probability This is undeniable let its original be when it will that it began at last to be a Nursery for Learning about the reign of Henry 1. which appears by an old Appendix of Peter Blesensis to Ingulph Joffred made Abbot
Grey afterwards Marquess of Dorset held this honour a little while It is evident from the Records that William Herbert Earl of Pembroke again brought in the Charter of Creation whereby his father was made Earl of Pembroke into the Chancery to be cancelled and that Edward the fourth created him Earl of Huntingdon in the seventeenth year of his reign But in the memory of our fathers Henry the eighth settled this honour upon George Lord Hastings But Francis Lord Hastings his son dying in his life-time this honour descended to Henry his son a truly honourable person both for Nobility and Piety he dying without heirs his brother George succeeded him whose grandchild by a son Henry enjoys the honour at this day This little Shire contains 78 Parishes ADDITIONS to HVNTINGDONSHIRE a HUntingdonshire call'd in * Annal. p. â—â—1 l. 1. p. 147. l 36. Saxon huntandunescyre and by later Writers Huntedunescire and Huntyngdonschyre is of very small extent scarce stretching out it self 20 miles tho' measur'd to the best advantage †â—â—eeâ— fâ—â—m â—ir R b. Cottâ—n It has been an observation upon this County that the families of it have been so worn out that tho' it has been very rich in Gentry yet but few Sirnames of any note are remaining which can be drawn down beyond the reign of the last Henry The cause of such decay in places nearer London is plain enough viz. the many temptations to luxury and high living and the great wealth of Merchants always ready to supply their extravagance with money till the whole be run out But this cannot hold here so that we must see whether a reason brought by a later Author will not solve it viz. That most of the County being Abby-land upon the Dissolution many new Purchasers planted themselves herein and perhaps their new possessions might have the same fate that Church-revenues have had in other places where they fell into Lay-hands b Our Author observes that it was all Forest till the time of Henry the second But if we may believe Sir Robert Cotton who sent the account to Speed and had himself design'd a History of the County this was never fully effected till the time of Edward 1. For Henry 2. did pretend to enfranchise his subjects of this Shire from servitude of his beasts except Wabridge Saple and Herthy his own Demains But such were the encroachments of the succeeding Reigns that the poor inhabitants were forc'd to petition for redress which was granted them by the great Charter of Henry 3. Only his son resum'd the fruits of his father's kindness till in the 29th year of his reign he confirm'd the former Charter and left no more of this shire Forest than what was his own ground The government of the County is very peculiar Cambridgeshire in the Civil administration being joyn'd to it so that there is but one High-sheriff for both Shires He is one year chosen out of Cambridgeshire out of the Isle of Ely a second and a third out of this Shire In the Isle of Ely he is one time chosen out of the north part and out of the south another c It 's chief town is Huntingdon Huntingdon in Saxon huntandune huntendune huntenduneport which appears formerly to have been a flourishing town reckoning no less than 15 Churches tho' in our Author's time they were reduc'd to four and of these the zeal of the late times only left two The cause of this decay seems to have been the ‖ Cotton in Speed alteration made in the river by Grey a Minion of the time as my Author calls him who procur'd the passage of it to be stop'd whereas before to the great advantage of the Inhabitants it was navigable as far as this town King John granted it by Charter a peculiar Coroner profit by Toll and Custom a Recorder Town-Clerk and two Bailiffs but at present it is incorporated by the name of a Mayor twelve Aldermen and Burgesses d Its neighbour Goodmanchester Goodmanchester probably by the methods our Author mentions grew so wealthy and considerable that in the reign of King James 1. it was incorporated by the name of two Bailiffs twelve Assistants and commonalty of the Burrough of Goodmanchester e Lower down upon the river is St. Ives St. Ives which a late Writer calls a fair large and ancient town with a fine Stone-bridge over the Ouse But within these three or four years it was a great part of it burnt down and whether it have so far recover'd it self as to merit that character at present I know not f Between Ramsey and Peterborrow our Author observes that King Canutus made a large Cawsey call'd by our Historians Kingsdelfe Kingsdelf But whatever way our Authors mark out by that name 't is certain they cannot mean Canutus's road for the name Kingsdelf or Cingesdaelf in those parts appears upon Record before Canutus's time I mean in the reign of King Edgar who in his Charter to the Church of Peterburrow * Chron. Sax. p. 119. lin 18. makes this Cingesdaelf one of the bounds of his Donation Besides the daelf will not answer a via constrata lapidibus or pav'd way but seems rather to mark out to us some ditch drawn at first for the draining those fenny grounds and reducing the waters into one chanel g On the west side of this County is Kimbolton Kimbolton which our Author says in his time was the seat of the Wingfields It has since pass'd from them by sale to the Mountagues and Henry Earl of Manchester of that name very much improv'd the Castle sparing no cost that might add to its beauty †Lel. Itin. MS. vol. 1. It was Sir Richard Wingfield who built new Lodgings and Galleries upon the old foundations of this Castle which was double ditch'd and the building of it very strong Here is at present a pretty fair town seated in a bottom which gives the title of Baron to the Right Honourable the Earl of Manchester h Leighton Leighton mention'd by our Author to be the seat of the Cliftons is now the Lady Butler's daughter and heir to the late Richard Earl of Arran who had it in marriage with the sole daughter of James Duke of Richmond as this Duke had by the Lord Clifton's Continuation of the EARLS Henry the last Earl mention'd by our Author had by Elizabeth daughter and coheir to Ferdinando Earl of Derby Ferdinando Earl of Huntingdon father to Theophilus the seventh Earl of that name who was Captain of the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners Privy-Councellor to King Charles 2. and King James by whom he was made chief Justice in Eyre of all the Forests south of Trent as also Lieutenant of the Counties of Leicester and Derby His son and heir apparent is George Lord Hastings I have not as yet observed any Plants peculiar to this County the more rare being common to it with Cambridgeshire NORTHAMPTON SHIRE by Rob t
Yardley Hastings Yardley so sirnam'd of the Hastings once Earls of Pembroke to whom it belong'd 3 And to turn a little aside I may not omit Horton when as King Henry 8. created Sir W. Par Lord thereof Uncle and Chamberlain to Queen Catharine Par Baron Par of Horton which honour shortly vanish'd with him when he left only daughters who were married into the families of Tresham and Lane But to return to Willingborow a market anciently Wedlingborough 4 And Wodlingborough made a Market by King John at the suit of the Monks of Crowland Here a rivulet from the east runs into it coming down by Rushton and Newton belonging to the Treshams by Geddington where there was a Castle of the Kings and where there yet remains a Cross erected in honour of Queen Eleanor King Edward 1.'s Consort by Boughton belonging to the family of Montacutes Knights e Lib. in 〈◊〉 in scaâ—cario by Kettering Kettering a well-traded market-town near which stands Rouwell a noted Horse-fair f by Burton the Barony likewise if I mistake not the name of Alan de Dinant for King Henry 1. gave him a Barony of that name in this County for killing the French King's Champion in single Combat at Gizors and by Harrouden the Lord whereof * Sir N. Nicholas Vaulx Baron Vaulx Governour of Guines in Picardy K. Hen. 8. created Baron Vaulx of Harrouden Hence the Nen keeps his course to Higham a town 5 In times past of the Peverells and after by them of the Ferrers formerly belonging to the Ferrers from whom it took the name of Higham-Ferrers Higham Ferrers who had here also their Castle the ruins whereof are yet to be seen near the Church But the chief ornament of this place was Henry Chicheley Archb. of Canterbury who founded here a fine College for Secular Clerks and Prebendaries Founder of All-souls in Oxford Matth. Parker as likewise an Hospital for the Poor Thence it runs by Addington anciently belonging to the Veres and washes Thorpston commonly call'd Thrapston †Belonging likewise to them and it 's opposite Drayton the seat in the last age of H. Green but afterwards by his daughter of John and Edward Stafford Earls of Wiltshire Now 't is the Lord Mordaunt's to whom it descended hereditarily from the Greens Gentlemen of great reputation in this County Thence it runs almost round about a pretty little town which takes it's name from it Oundale Oundale they call it corruptly for Avondale where there is nothing worth seeing but a fine neat Church a Free-school for the education of youth and an Alms-house founded by Sir William Laxton sometime Lord Mayor of London In the neighbourhood stands Barnwell Barnwell a little Castle lately repair'd and beautified with new buildings by the worthy Sir Edward Mont-acute Knight of the ancient family of the Mont-acutes as appears by his Coat of Arms. It formerly belong'd to Berengarius le Moigne that is Monk and not as some think to that Berengarius of Tours whose opinion concerning the Eucharist was condemn'd in a Synod ‖ Of 113 Bishops held by the Bishop of Rome After this it salutes Fotheringhay-Castle Fotheringhay environ'd on every side with very pleasant Meadows which in Henry 3.'s time when the Strong-holds encourag'd the Nobility to revolt was surpris'd by William Earl of Albemarle who laid all the Country round about waste as Matth. Paris informs us At which time it seems to have belong'd to the Earls of Huntingdon 6 Who were of the Royal race of Scotland A good while after K. Edw. 3. assign'd it †Quast in hâ—eredicatem as it were for an inheritance or Appennage as they call it to his son Edmund of Langley Duke of York who rebuilt the Castle and made the highest Fortification or Keep thereof in form of a Horse-Fetter 7 Which hath of it self and with a Falcon in it was his Devise or Exprese as implying that he was locked up from all great hope as a younger brother which was the family of York's Device His son Edward Duke of York in the second year of Hen. 5. An. 1415. as appears by an Inscription there in barbarous verse founded a very fine Collegiate Church wherein himself after he was slain at the Battel of Agincourt as also Richard Duke of York his Brother's son who lost his life at Wakefield and his Wife Cicely Nevil had all magnificent monuments which were thrown down and ruin'd together with the upper part or Chancel of the Church 8 In King Edward the sixth's time But Queen Elizabeth commanded two monuments to be set up in memory of them in the lower end of the Church now standing which nevertheless such was their pinching and sparing who had the charge of the work are look'd upon as very mean and unworthy such great Princes descended from Kings and from whom the kings of England are descended 9 The form of the Keep beforesaid built like a Fetterlock occasioneth me to digress a little and I hope with your pardon when the gravest Authors in as small matters have done the like Edmund of Langly Duke of York who built that Keep and garnish'd the Glass-windows there with Fetter-locks when he saw his sons being young scholars gazing upon the painted windows ask'd them what was Latin for a Fetter-lock They studying and looking silently one upon another not able to answer If you cannot tell me says he I will tell you Hic haâ—c hoc Taceatis that is Hic haec hoc be silent and quiet and therewithal added God knoweth what may happen hereafter This King Edward the fourth his great grand-child reported publickly when he having attained the Crown created Richard his younger son Duke of York and then commanding that he should use for his badge the Fetter-lock open to verifie the presage of his great grand-father But this by the way The said Cicely Cicely Dutchess of York saw plainly within the compass of a few years what pastime †Impotens unruly and unconstant Fortune if I may so say creates her self out of the miseries of the mighty For she saw her husband Duke Richard even then when he thought himself sure of the kingdom and her son the Earl of Rutland slain together in a bloody battel and some few years after her eldest son Edward the fourth advanc'd to the * Deprived of the same recovering it again Crown and taken away by an untimely death having before made away †Her second son and c. his brother George Duke of Clarence After this she saw her son Richard K Rich. 3. forcing his way to the Crown by the lamentable murder of his Nephews and slander of her his own Mother for he charg'd her openly with incontinency then she saw him possess'd of the kingdom and soon after slain in battel These her miseries were so link'd together too that
Confessor's Charter In consideration of 4000 Eeles in Lent the Monks of Ramsey shall have out of the Territory of St. Peter so much square stone as they need at Berneck and of rough stone for walls at Burch Beneath Berneck that Roman way which the neighbouring Inhabitants call the Forty-foot way from its breadth cuts this Shire in two between Caster and Stamford and appears in an high Causey especially by the little wood of Berneck where it has a Beacon set upon the very ridge and so runs along by Burghley-Park-wall Some few miles hence the Welland runs down by Maxey-Castle Maxey formerly belonging to the Barons of Wake and by Peag-Kirke Peag-Kirk Ingu phus where in the infancy of Christianity in England Pega a holy woman who gave name to that place sister of St. Guthlac with other devout Virgins by their life and example gave excellent documents of Piety and Chastity and so comes to the Fenns so often mention'd And by reason the bank on the South-side thereof is neglected the river over-flows the adjacent Lands to the great damage of the proprietors and having broken thus out of it's chanel which went formerly by Spalding it falls into the Nen and extreamly overcharges it The lesser Avon which is the other boundary as I said of this Shire northward but serves for a limit only about 5 or 6 miles breaking out of the ground near the springs of the Welland runs westward by 11 Suleby sometimes an Abby of black Monks and by c. Stanford Stanford upon Avon seat of the family of Cave Cave out of which several branches of good note have dispers'd themselves in all the neighbouring Tract also by Lilburne the seat in former ages of the Canvils That this hath been anciently a Roman Station I am persuaded by it's situation upon one of their Military ways by the ancient Trenches there and a little piked Hill cast up which some dug of late days in hopes of finding old hidden treasures but instead of Gold they met with Coals And thus this little river after it 's passing under Dowbridge leaves Northamptonshire and enters Warwickshire Bounds of the Ancients From the digging up of those Coals what if I should give a guess that this Hill was thrown up for a mark or Boundary since Siculus Flaccus tells us that either Ashes or Coals or Potsherds or broken Glasses or Bones half burnt or Lime or Plaister were wont to be put under such marks or limits and St. Augustin writes thus of Coals Lib. de Civ Dei 21. c. 4. Is it not a wonderful thing considering Coals are so brittle that with the least blow they break with the least pressure they are crush'd in pieces yet no time can conquer them insomuch that they that pitch'd Land-marks were wont to throw them underneath to convince any litigious fellow whatsoever that came never so long time after and should affirm that no Land-mark was there made And so much the rather am I inclined to this conjecture because they that have written of limits do inform us that certain Hillocks which they termed Botontines Boton tines Hence perhaps come our Buttings were plac'd in the limits So that I suppose most of these Mounts and round Hillocks which we see all hereabouts 12 And call Burrows were raised for this purpose and that Ashes Coals Potsherds c. might be found under them if they dug deeper into the ground Earls of Northampton The first Earl that this County had at least that I know of was Waldeof son of the warlike Siward who being also Earl of Huntingdon lost his head for treason against William the Conquerour leaving only two daughters behind him which he had by Judith the Conquerour's niece by a sister on the mother's side The Life 〈…〉 Simon * De S. 〈…〉 Sylvaneciensâ—â— Sinlis being scornfully rejected by Judith the mother upon account of being lame in his legs married Maud the eldest daughter and built St. Andrew's Church and the Castle at Northampton After him succeeded his son Simon 2. who was a long time at law about his mother's estate with David King of Scots his mother's second husband and having sided with King Stephen in the year of our Lord 1152. died with this ‖ Elogia elogy A youth full of every thing that was unlawful every thing that was unseemly His son Simon 3. going on with the suit against the Scots for his right to the Earldom of Huntingdon wasted his whole estate but thro' the favour of King Hen. 2. married the daughter and heir of Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln and having at last recover'd the Earldom of Huntingdon and disseis'd the Scots died issueless in the year 1185. Many years after King Edw. 3. created William de Bohun a person of approved valour Earl of Northampton and when his elder brother Humfrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and High Constable of England was not able in that warlike Age to bear the charge of Constable he made him also High Constable of England After him his son Humfrey succeeding in the Earldom of Northampton as also in the Earldoms of Hereford and Essex upon his Uncle's dying issueless had two daughters the one married to Thomas of Woodstock youngest son to King Edw. 3. the other to Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford afterwards King of England The daughter of Thomas of Woodstock brought by her marriage this her grandfather's title of Northampton together with others into the family of the Staffords But when they had lost their honours King Edw. 6. honour'd William Par Earl of Essex a most accomplish'd Courtier with the title of Marquiss of Northampton who within our memory died issueless And now while I am upon this work our most serene Sovereign King James in the year of our Lord 1603. at one and the same time has advanced Henry Howard Brother of the last Duke of Norfolk a person of excellent wit and fluent eloquence a complete master of Arts and Sciences exceeding prudent and provident to the degree and stile of Baron Howard of Marnehill and the honour of Earl of Northampton There belong to this Shire 326 Parishes ADDITIONS to NORTHAMPTONSHIRE a THE County of Northampton at the time of the Conquerour's Survey was something larger than now it is For all the south part of Rutlandshire must have been taken out of it because in Domesday-book we meet with the towns in this tract under the title of Northamptonshire 'T is a County so plentiful in all things necessary to life that it does not need nor indeed will allow much of manufacture the ground abundantly maintaining and fully employing the Inhabitants * Full Wor. pag. 279. It is said that of Cloathing has been attempted with great application but at last came to nothing The thinness of it's woods observ'd by our Author and it 's distance from the sea so that no Coal can
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the †Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton â—â—â—ton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles 〈◊〉 Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
k Matthew Paris dy'd in the year 1259. so that these walls were seen in this condition 86 years after their destruction but how much longer is uncertain to this day in the shape of rocks for bigness and solidity such was the indissoluble tenacity of the morter Miserable was the condition of these citizens at that time both in relation to their fines and banishment who having purchased for a sum of money licence to depart were notwithstanding so terrify'd that they were forc'd to take Sanctuary at St. Albans and St. Edmunds-bury Also the Castle here which was really a large and strong building was dismantled Beneath which is a very fair Collegiate Hospital or receptacle for the poor in the Church whereof Henry Earl of Lancaster and Henry of Lancaster his son who was the first Duke of Lancaster 133◠lye buried Which Duke in his latter days built and dedicated the same with a pious intention for the maintenance of poor people Of which thus Henry Knighton of Leicestershire who liv'd in that age Henry Duke of Lancaster was the first founder of the Collegiate Church and Hospital without the South gate at Leicester in which he plac'd a Dean and 12 Canons Prebendaries as many Vicars and other * Ministri ministers one hundred poor and weak men and ten able women to serve and assist the sick and weak and sufficiently endow'd the said Hospital 12 As for this Hospital it continueth in some good state as another Beadhouse in the town built by W. Wigeston But the Collegiate Church which was a magnificent work and the greatest ornament of Leicester was demolish'd when Religious houses were granted to the King On the other side of the town amongst pleasant meadows water'd by the Soar was a Monastery call'd from its situation †De prees De pratis of which thus the foresaid Knighton writes Robert le Bossu Earl of Leicester 13 When he began Gerondon-Abby for Cistercians founded the Monastery of S. Mary de Prees of Leicester and richly endow'd the same with lands possessions and rents himself also by consent of Amicia his wife became a Canon Regular in the same and fifteen years serv'd God there in that Regular habit and dy'd in the Lord a Canon Thus he took upon him the Canonical habit by way of penance for having been in arms against his Prince e What name Leicester bore in the times of the Romans does not appear I think it is called in the Catalogue of Ninnius Caer Lerion but that it was built by the fabulous King l It has its name says Mr. Somner from the river Leire which at this day is call'd Soare and this is confirm'd by a town nam'd Leare which lyes at the head of it Leir let who will believe for me Yet its situation on the Military-way call'd the Foss and its distance from the Bennones High-cross and Verometum Burrow-hill agrees so exactly with the description of Antoninus that I cannot but believe that this is the Ratae Ratae which in Ptolemy is call'd Ragae tho' there is not the least track or sign of the name Ratae now remaining m About three miles from Leicester there is a place call'd Rathy but that can hardly pretend to be the ancient Ratae both because it shows no remains of Antiquity and likewise because it is remote from the Roman Fosse unless perhaps it be an old trench scarce half a mile distant on the South-side of Leicester call'd Rawdikes 14 Or Road-dikes Here I am at a stand and look about me to see what way I should follow as a guide to the discovery of ancient towns Ranulph the Monk of Chester tells us that the old Street-way goes from hence to Lincoln through the Wasts but through what Wasts he shews not The vulgar opinion is that it went on to the north through Nottinghamshire Antoninus the Emperour if I mistake not seems to intimate that it went northward through this County into Lincolnshire And really this way the footsteps of some places of antiquity appear of which we shall speak in their order but that way tho' I have made diligent search I have not hitherto discover'd any thing what others may have done I know not 15 North-west from Leicester Not far from hence is n See the description of it in Burton's Leicestershire p. 122. Grooby Grooby a rich and ample estate or as we call it a Manour Which from Hugh Grantnaismill whom William the first enricht with great revenues descended by the Earls of Leicester and the Quincys to the family of the Ferrars of which family were the Lords Ferrars of Grooby Ferrars and Grays of Grooby who a long time enjoy'd the honour of Barons but at last leaving one only daughter Isabella she by marriage convey'd the same into the name of the Greys from whom it came again to the Crown by Attainder But while I am revising this work James our Soveraign Lord and King has restor'd Sir Henry Grey a most worthy Knight to this honour of his Ancestors having before his Coronation created him Baron Grey of Grooby Let us now return to the river Soar which having past Leicester giveth name in the first place to Montsorell or rather Mont-Soar-hill Mont-Sore-hill compounded of the Norman and English languages now only noted for its market f but heretofore most famous for its Castle seated on a steep and craggy hill and over-hanging the river this first belong'd to the Earls of Leicester afterwards to Saher de Quincy Earl of Winchester in the Barons war At this day there remains nothing but a heap of rubbish Histor minor For in the year 1217. the Inhabitants of these parts having after a long siege taken the castle pull'd it down to the ground as a nest of the Devil and a den of Thieves and Robbers Higher on the other side of the river is Barrow where is digg'd the best and most approv'd sort of †Caln lime for firm building A few miles from thence the Soar ends its course in the river Trent 16 A little above Cotes now the habitation of the family of Skipwith originally descended out of Yorkshire and enrich'd many years since with fair possessions in Lincolnshire by an heir of Ormesby A little on this side of which is o See Burton's Leicestersh p. 181. Loughborrow Loughborrow a market town that in the reign of Queen Mary had one Baron Edward Hastings dignify'd with this title g but upon the death of that Queen who had a great affection for him he cloy'd with the affairs of this world refus'd to live longer in it and devoting himself wholly to God retir d into the Hospital which he had erected at Stoke Pogeis in Buckinghamshire where among the poor people he liv'd to God and with them finish'd the course of his life devoutly in Christ p Where 't is call'd Leiganburge
I cannot tell The Saxon Annals call it Lygeanburh except Laud's Copy which calls it Lygeanbyrig and Florence of Worcester confirms the reading when he terms it Liganburh the later writers call it Lienberig Lienberi The placing it at Loughburrow seems to draw Cuthwulf too far out of his road for the next town he took was Ailesbury and 't is strange that in such a great distance he should not make an attempt upon some other The manner of his progress seems to favour Leighton in Bedfordshire See that County That this Loughborrow was that royal Vill in the Saxon tongue calld Lieganburge which Marianus says Cuthulfus took from the Britains in the year of Christ 572 the affinity of the names does in some sort evince At present it is justly esteem'd the second town of all this County next to Leicester as well in respect of its bigness and buildings as the pleasant woods about it For near the side of this town the forest of Charnwood Charnwood Forest or Charley q The forest of Charley is 20 miles in compass Lel. Itin. p 14. See a larger description of it in Burton's Leicestersh pag. 69. spreads it self a long way Within the bounds whereof is Beaumanour Park which the Lords Beaumonts enclos'd as I have heard with a stone-wall 17 These Beaumonts descended from a younger son of John Count of Brene in France who for his high honour and true valour was preferr'd to marry the heir of the kingdom of Jerusalem and with great pomp crown'd King of Jerusalem in the year of our Lord 1248. Hence it is that we see the Arms of Jerusalem so often quarter'd with those of Beaumont in sundry places of England Sir Hâ—n Beaumont was the first that planted himself in England about the year 1308. Which Lords were descended as is commonly believ'd of a French family certain it is that they come from John de Brenne King of Jerusalem and that they first settled in England about the reign of Edw. 1. And by marriage with the daughter of Alexander Comyn Earl of Boghan in Scotland whose mother was one of the heirs of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester they got a very plentiful inheritance and became a great family Of which family Viscounts Beaumont in the reign of King Edward 3. Henry was for several years summoned to Parliament by the name of Earl of Boghan and in the reign of Hen. 6. John was for a time Constable of England and the first in England The first honorary Viscount in England that I know of whom the King advanc'd to the honour of a Viscount But when William the last Viscount dy'd without issue his sister became the wife of the Lord Lovel and the whole inheritance which was large was afterwards confiscated for High Treason 18 By attainder of Loved it fell into the hands of King Henry 7. In this north part nothing else occurs worth mentioning unless it be a small Nunnery founded by Roifia de Verdon and call'd Grace-dieu 19 Now belonging to a younger house of the Beaumonts that is God's grace and not far from thence by the stream of Trent Dunnington Dunnington an ancient Castle built by the first Earls of Leicester which afterwards came to John Lacy Earl of Lincoln who procur'd it the privilege of a Market and Fairs from Edw. 1. But when in the proscription of the Barons under Ed. 2. the possessions of the proscribed were sequester'd and alienated the King gave this manour to Hugh le Despenser the younger 20 The hereditaments of Thomas Earl of Lancaster and Alice Lacy his wife were seiz'd into the King's hands and alienated in divers sorts the King enforc'd her to release this manour to Hugh le Dispenser the younger h The east part of this County which is hilly and feedeth a vast number of sheep was heretofore adorned with two principal places of great note Vernometum or Verometum mention'd by Antoninus and Burton-Lazers of great account in former ages Vernometum Vernometum â—â—â—rometâ—â— the name whereof is lost at this day seems to me to have been situated in that place which is now call'd Burrow-hill and Erdburrow for between Verometum and Ratae according to Antoninus were twelve miles and there is almost so much between this place and Leicester The present name also of Burrows which signify'd among the Saxons a fortify'd place comes from Burgh 21 And under it a town call'd Burrough belonging to an old family of Gentlemen so sirnam'd But the most considerable proof is that the ground is a steep hill on all sides but the south-east on the top of which remains the manifest appearance of a town destroy'd a double trench and the track where the walls went which enclosed about 18 acres of land At this day it is * Resâ—â—â— arable ground and noted on this account chiefly that the youth of the neighbouring parts meet here yearly for wrestling and such like exercises i One may conjecture from the name that some great Temple of the Heathen Gods hath formerly stood in this place For in the ancient Language of the Gauls which was the same with that of the Britains Vernometum Vernometum what it signâ—â—â—s in the oâ—d Gâ—ulish signifies a great and spacious Temple as Venantius Fortunatus plainly tells us of Vernometum a town in France in these verses in his first book of Poems Nomine Vernometum voluit vocitare vetustas Quod quasi fanum ingens Gallica lingua sonat The Gauls when Vernomet they call'd the place Did a great Temple by the word express As for Burton call'd for distinction Lazers Burton-lazers from Lazers so they nam'd the Elephantiaci or Lepers it was a rich Hospital to the Master of which all the lesser Lazer-houses in England were in some sort subject as he himself was to the Master of the Lazers of Jerusalem r It was founded about the time of K. Hen. 1. and as Leland saith Tom. 1. p. 69. by the Lord Mowbray for a Master and 8 brethren which did profess the Order of St. Austin See Burton's Leicestersh p. 63. It is said to have been built in the beginning of the Normans by a general collection throughout England but chiefly by the assistance of the Mowbrays About which time the Leprosie Leprosie in England by some call'd Elephantiasis 22 Because the skins of Lepers are like to those of Elephants did run by infection over all England And it is believ'd that the disease did then first come into this Island out of Egypt which more than once had spread it self into Europe first in the days of Pompey the Great afterwards under Heraclius and at other times as may be seen in History 23 Whether by celestial influence or other hidden causes I leave to the learned but never so far as I read did it before that time appear in England Besides these places of greater note and fame we
notice of a memorable Epitaph in the Church of S. Martin's there over Mr. John Heyrick who dy'd the 2d of April 1589. aged 76. He liv'd in one house with Mary his wife full 52 years and in all that time never bury'd man woman nor child tho' sometimes twenty in family The said Mary liv'd to 97 years and saw before her death Dec. 8. 1611. of her children and childrens children and their children to the number of 143. In this place there is a Hospital built by Henry Earl of Lancaster 5 Edw. 3. with a Chapel wherein Divine Service is daily perform'd It still in some measure subsists by certain stipends paid out of the Dutchy of Lancaster together with divers new charities But that which is more considerable is an Hospital built by Sir William Wigston a Merchant of the Staple in this town in the reign of King Henry 6. which is in a very prosperous condition f North of Leicester upon the Soar lyes Montsorehill Montâ—â—â—hill which Mr. Camden says is famous for nothing but a market It is kept on Mondays but beside that privilege they have likewise a yearly Fair upon the 29th of June on S. Peter's day granted by King Edward the first in the twentieth year of his reign to Nicholas de Segrave the elder Not far from whence is Bradgate Bradgate the seat of the right honourable Thomas Grey Earl of Stamford and Baron Grey of Groby In the Hundred of Sparkenhoe South-west of Leicester lyes Lindley Lindley of which Lordship 't is very remarkable says Burton that therein was never seen adder snake or lizzard tho' in all the bordering places they have been commonly found Not far from hence is Higham in old Deeds written Hecham and is memorable among other things for a curious piece of Antiquity * Bâ—â—â— Leiceâ—â—â— p. 131. discover'd there in the year 1607. Englished by one Mr. Bedwell By Mahomet magnifie him Turn from him each hand that may hurt him He found likewise certain great Catch-hooks and Keepers of Silver with certain Links of an old fashion'd great Gold-chain All these lay by the side of the stone deep in the ground Under the same stone there lay two or three pieces of Silver Coins of Trajan the Emperour †〈◊〉 This last passage would perswade us that the stone it self was a basis to some Altar dedicated to Trajan according to that custom of the Romans of laying some of the present Emperour's coins under the foundation of their buildings monuments c. The same custom they had in their Burials as appears by the Coins found in several Urns and Barrows throughout England And this perhaps may account for the stone and coins The money rings and other things found by the side of the stone Mr. Burton conjectures to have been the treasure of some Jew ‖ Neâ—â—◠〈◊〉 9. c 〈…〉 3â— For that people flourish'd mightily in England a little after the Conquest being encourag'd particularly by William Rufus upon which they became very rich and flourishing But their wealth in the succeeding reigns did them an injury being miserably tortur'd by King John to make them discover and deliver up their hidden treasures In the 11th of Edw. 1. their Synagogues were all pluckt down and in the 16th of that King they were all banisht the Realm to the number of 15000. But then their riches was all to be left behind and they were not allow'd to take any money or goods away with them save only for the necessary charges of transportation In which difficulty what can we imagine more probable than that they bury'd and hid their treasures under-ground in hopes that the succeeding King's reigns might be more favourable to them The ring with Arabick characters seems to confirm the same thing and might be brought over out of Palestine or some of those Eastern Counties by some of the Jews who as Buxtorfius tells us had a natural love to their own Country and us'd sometimes to visit it And the learned Antiquary before-mention'd is of opinion that it was laid here to challenge the property whenever there should be occasion to enter a claim because without some such thing they would belong to the King or to a common person by prescription Thus ‖ â—â—â—'s â—â—â—rty of â—â—â—im 〈◊〉 when Ludgate was taken down in the year 1586. to be re-built they found in the wall a stone engraven with Hebrew Letters to this effect This is the dwelling of Rabbi Moses the son of the honourable Rabbi Isaac g Let us now turn our course towards the North to Loughborow â—â—ughboâ—â—â— the ancient inheritance of the noble family of the Despensers who obtain'd the privilege of a weekly market with certain fairs to be kept here But upon the Death and Attainder of Hugh le Despenser Earl of Winchester the 19th of Edw. 2. it was forfeited to the Crown and granted by King Edward the third to Henry Lord Beaumont in General-tail in whose posterity it continu'd till William Viscount Beaumont being in the battel of Towton-field on the side of King Henry 6. was attainted of High-treason 1 Edw. 4. and the manour granted to William Lord Hastings But the Viscount Beaumont was restor'd to it by King Henry the seventh and upon the Attainder of Viscount Lovel his successor it return'd to the Crown The 19th of Henry 8. the Marquess of Dorset obtain'd a grant of it but upon the Attainder of his son Henry Duke of Suffolk 2 Mar. it was forfeited to the Queen who granted it to Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough from whom it directly descended to Theophilus now Earl of Huntingdon Mr. Camden observes that it gave the Title of Baron to Sir Edward Hastings He was third son to George Earl of Huntingdon and did great Services to Queen Mary by the forces he had rais'd on the death of King Edward the sixth to oppose the Lady Jane Grey He was first made Master of her Horse of her Privy Council and Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter Having obtain'd the Grant of this Manour amongst others he was created Lord Hastings of this place and made Lord Chamberlain to that Queen's houshold Since Mr. Camden's time it hath given the same title to Henry Hastings Esquire second son to Henry Earl of Huntingdon who was a person of great valour and military conduct and the first that appear'd in arms on the behalf of King Charles the first conducted the Queen from Burlington to Oxford planted divers garisons with his own forces and particularly that of Ashby de la Zouch in this County and as a reward for his extraordinary service was 19 Car. 1. advanc'd to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm by the title of Baron of Loughborough He departed this life unmarried at London 18 Jan. 1666. in the 55th year of his age and was bury'd in the Collegiate Chapel Royal of St. George in Windsor-castle h Further towards the North is
had call'd in Lewis of France to take upon him the Government of England however he did not do it much damage Since that 't is incredible how much it hath sunk and decay'd under the weight of time and antiquity for of fifty Churches that were remembred in it by our grandfathers there are scarce now eighteen remaining t 'T is distant that I may also make that remark 53 degrees and 12 minutes from the Equator and 22 degrees and 52 minutes from the farthest point Westward As that Roman high-way leads us directly from Stanford to Lincoln High-dike so from hence it goes Northward in a high and streight but yet here and there discontinued Causey for about 10 miles as far as a little village call'd The Spittle in the street and somewhat farther When I was about three miles from Lincoln I also observ'd another military high-way calld Ouldstreet going very plainly out of this towards the West I suppose 't is that which led to Agelocum the next garrison to Lindum But I will follow the road I am upon The Witham being now past Lindum runs down near Wragbye a part of the Barony call'd Trusbutt Barons of Trusbutt which title was by the Barons of Roos convey'd to the Manours now Earls of Rutland After it passes by the old ruin'd walls of Beardena or Peartaneu commonly call'd Bardney Bardney heretofore a famous Monastery Oswald's Banner here King Oswald was interr'd and had a banner of gold and purple over his tomb as Bede writes The Historians of the foregoing ages did not account it enough to extol this most Christian Hero Oswald unless to his glorious exploits they added ridiculous miracles which I willingly omit But that his hand remain'd here uncorrupted for many hundred years our ancestors have believ'd and a very ancient Poet has thus told us Nullo verme perit nulla putredine tabet Dextra viri nullo constringi frigore nullo Dissolvi fervore potest sed semper eodem Immutata statu persistit mortua vivit Secure from worm and rottenness appears The wondrous hand nor cold nor heat it fears Nor e're dissolv'd with cold or parch'd with heat Lives after death and keeps it 's former state This Monastery as Petrus Blesensis writes Appendix to Ingulphus being sometime burnt down by the fury of the Danes and for many years together not inhabited Gilbert de Gaunt the noble and devout Earl of Lincoln rebuilt it and very bountifully annex'd to it the tithes of all his manours wheresoever in England besides many other possessions Afterwards Witham is encreas'd by the little river Ban which rising in the middle of Lindsey runs first by Hornecastle Horn-castle sometime belonging to Adeliza de Conde but laid even with the ground in King Stephen's reign after that it was a Barony of Gerard de Rodes but now as I have been inform'd of the Bishops of Carlisle u And then by Scrivelby a manour of the Dimocks Dimock Inq. 23 E. 3. who had this by descent from the Marmions by 14 Sir John J. Ludlow King's Champion Fines Mic. An. 1 H. 6. and hold it by service of grand Serjeanty I speak in the Lawyers terms viz. that whensoever any King of England is to be crown'd the Lord of this manour for the time being or some in his name if he should be unable shall come well arm'd for war upon a good war-horse in the presence of our Lord the King on the day of his Coronation and shall cause it to be proclaimed That if any one shall say that our said Lord the King has not a right to his Crown and Kingdom he will be ready and prepar'd to defend with his body the right of the King and Kingdom and the dignity of his Crown against him and all others whatsoever The Ban a little lower at Tatteshall Tatteshall a small town pretty commodiously situated in a marshy Country built for the most part of brick as is also its castle and noted for it's Barons runs into the Witham 'T is related that Eudo and Pinso Norman Noblemen having entred into a kind of mutual brotherly alliance had by the bounty of William 1. many possessions given them in these parts which they so divided that Tatteshall fell to Eudo who held it by Barony from whose posterity it came by Dryby and the Bernakes to 15 Sir Ralph Ralph de Cromwell Cromwell whose son of the same name was Lord Treasurer of England in Henry 6.'s reign and dyed without issue And Eresby Eresby which is not far off fell to Pinso from whose children the inheritance came by the Bekes to the Willoughbies Willoughbies who had very large inheritances by their wives not only from the Uffords Earls of Suffolk but also from the Lords de Welles Lords Welles who brought with them the great estate of the de Engains Lâ—rds Engain an ancient noble family and of great power in this County from the first coming in of the Normans The most eminent man of those Willoughbies was 16 Sir Robert Robert Willoughby in Henry 5.'s reign who for his great courage and bravery was made Earl of Vandosme in France From these by the mother's side descended Peregrine Berty Baron Willoughby of Eresby a man famous for his great soul and warlike gallantry x Witham being now near the sea receives out of the north another nameless little river Lib. Stanlow at the spring-head of which in a very low ground y lies Bollingbroke-Castle Bolling-broke built by William de Romara Earl of Leicester of a brittle sandy stone taken from Alice Lacy by Edward 2. for that she married against his consent 't is famous for the birth of Henry 4. who from it had the name of Henry de Bollingbroke in whose time it began to be counted one of the honorary manours call'd Honors z The Witham having receiv'd this river below Boston aa as we have said discharges it self into the sea From the mouth of Witham as far as Humber-frith the shore lies out with a great bent into the German Ocean chop'd every where so as to admit little arms of the sea It has but few towns by reason there are but few havens in it and many shelves of sand along the shore Yet some of them are remarkable particularly Wainfleet Wainfleet as being the birth-place of William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester founder of Magdalen College in Oxford and a great patron of learning Next is Alford Alford memorable for its market for which it is beholden to Leon Lord Welles Barons Welles who obtain'd it this privilege of Henry 6. This family of the Welles was indeed very ancient and very honourable but the last of them married King Edward 4.'s daughter and was made Viscount Welles by Henry 7. He died without issue so that the inheritance came by females to the Willoughbies Dimoes De la launds Hois c.
and was at last buried But the wiser sort think that this place took its name from Guy de Beauchamp who liv'd much later And certain it is that Richard de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick built and dedicated here a Chapel to S. Margaret and set up the o Eight foot high Gyant-like statue of the famous Guy still remaining l From Warwick the Avon with a fuller body passes by Charlcott Charlcott the seat of the noble and knightly family of the Lucies which long since hereditarily passed to them from the Charlcotts who out of a pious intent built a Religious house p William de Lucy son of Walter de Charlcott first assum'd this name temp Henr. 3. and built the Religious house for the support and entertainment of poor people and strangers at Thellisford For the brook was call'd Thelley which running by Compton Murdack heretofore belonging to the Murdacks now to the family of the Verneys Knights and thence by this Thellisford falls into Avon Which river within a little way salutes Stratford a pretty handsom market-town that owes its ornaments and beauty chiefly to its two natives John de Stratford Stratford upon Avon Archbishop of Canterbury q The South-Isle was built by him but the Qâ—ire by T. Balshal and the North and South Cross by the Executors of Hugh Clopton The Church is Collegiate and the College now standing Regist Wigorn. Lel. Itinerar who founded the Church here and Hugh Clopton sometime Lord Mayor of London who at extraordinary expence built the Stone-bridge here over the Avon consisting of 14 arches He was younger brother of an ancient family which took their name from the adjacent manour of Clopton from the time that Walter Cocksfield stil'd Knight-Marshal fix'd his seat here at Clopton for himself and posterity Their inheritance in our time descended to two sisters coheirs one of them married to Sir George Carew a famous Kt. Vice chamberlain to her most serene Majesty Queen Anne whom K. James created Baron Carew of Clopton Baron Carew of Clopton and whom if for no other reason I cannot omit for the great respect he paid to venerable Antiquity m Avon seeâ— nothing more on its banks besides Bitford a small market-town and some little Country villages before it makes its entry into Worcestershire Now let us take a view of the Woodland Woodland which lying on the Northern-side of Avon extends it self into a much greater compass than the Feldon for the most part cloathed with woods yet not wanting pastures or corn-fields and hath several veins of r No veins of iron were ever yet found in this County In the borders of it viz. Worcestershire and Staffordshire there have Iron As it is now call'd the Woodland so by a more ancient name it was call'd Arden Arden which in my opinion are words importing the same thing For Arden with the ancient Britains and Gauls did denote a Wood. And we know in France a vast wood bears the name of Arden and a town in Flanders situated near another wood is call'd Ardenburg and that celebrated forest of England paring off the first syllable retains the name of Den. Not to mention that Diana Diana which in s See Selden's Polyolbion pag. 229. the old Gallick Inscription was call'd Ardwena Ardwena and Ardoina i.e. if I am not much mistaken Sylvestris or Of the woods and was the same that in the Italick Inscriptions is called Nemorensis or Diana of the Groves From this part Turkiil de Arden who resided here and was in great favour with King Henry 1. assumed that sirname and his Descendants the Ardens famous in succeeding ages were branched out into all parts of England On the Western-side of the Woodland the river Arrow n makes hast by Studly Studley some ages since a castle belonging to John son af Corbutio to joyn the river Avon But whether it be so call'd as Tigris a river of Mesopotamia which in the Persian language signifies an Arrow from the swiftness of its current or from its flow course for that the word Ara among the old Britains and Gauls imports I leave to the search of others 5 Who have better observ'd the nature of this river On the banks of Arrow lies Coughton Coughton the chief seat of the family of the Throckmortons Throckmortons Knights who since they married with the heiress of Speney grew very numerous famous and fruitful of good Wits Not far from hence lies Ouseley memorable for the ancient Lords thereof the Butlers Barons of Wem from whom it hereditarily descended to the Ferrars of Ousley Ousley Whose inheritance in a short time was divided betwixt John Lord of Greistocke and Ralph Nevil A little lower upon Arrow is seated Beauchamp's Court Beauchamps Court so called from Baron Beauchamp of Powicke from whom by the only daughter of Edward Willoughby son of Robert Willoughby Lord Brook it came to Sir Fulk Grevill Grevills Kt a person no less esteem'd for the sweetness of his temper than dignity of his station Whose only son of the same name so entirely devoted himself to the study of real Virtue and Honour that the nobleness of his mind far exceeded that of his birth for whose extraordinary favours tho' I must despair of making suitable returns yet whether speaking or silent I must ever preserve a grateful memory Below Beauchamp's-Court the river Alne or Alenus falls into Arrow which in its course through a woody country passes by Henley Henley a litde market town near which the Montforts a noble family of great name had a Castle that from its delightful situation on a hill amidst the woods was call'd by a French name Bell desert But the castle hath long since been buried in its own ruins They derived their pedigree not from the Almarian family of the Montforts but from Turstan de Bastanberg a Norman Their inheritance at length pass'd away by Daughters to the Barons of Sudley and the Frevils Just at the confluence of the two rivers Arrow and Aulne I saw Aulcester Aulcester by Mathew Paris called Allencester and that more properly The inhabitants because it hath been a place of great note and antiquity will needs have the true name to be Ouldeester This was as we read in an old Inquisition a free Burrough of our Lord Henry 1. which the same King gave to Robert Corbet for his service and when the same Robert died it descended to 6 Sir William William de Botereux and to Peter the son of Herbert And when William de Botereux died his Moiety descended to Reginald de Botereux as heir who now holds it A Bâ—â—â— in the Exâ—â—equer and when Peter the son of Herbert died his Moiety descended to Herbert the son of Peter which Herbert gave it to Robert de Chaundois 7 But now it is decay'd and of a very great town become a small market of
wares and trade Howbeit exceeding much frequented for the Corn-fair there holden This hath for a near neighbour Arrow according to the name of the river whose Lord Thomas Burdet for his dependance upon George Duke of Clarence words unadvisedly uttered and hardly construed thro' the iniquity of the time lost his life But by his grand-daughter married to Edward Conway brother to Sir Hugh Conway of Wales a gracious favourite of K. Hen. 7. the Knightly family of the Conways have ever since flourished and laudably follow'd the profession of Arms. But from a very great town 't is reduc'd to a small market tho' very noted for all sorts of grain o Higher north-east where the Country is not so thick cloathed with woods stands Wroxhall Wroâ—hâ—ll where Hugo de Hatton built a little Monastery or Priory And Badesley Baddesâ—ey formerly the possession of the Clintons now of the Ferrars And Balshall Baâ—shaâ—l heretofore a Preceptory of the Templars which Roger de Mowbray gave them Register of the Teâ—plars and of the Order of St. John of Jâ—rusâ—â—em whose munificence to the Order of the Knights-Templars was so extraordinary that by unanimous consent of their Chapter they decreed that he should have the power of pardoning any Brother who had transgress'd the Rules of the Order provided he came and acknowledg'd his crime before this their Benefactor And the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem to whom all the t By the custom of this place the Tenants could not marry their daughters without the consent of the fraternity of Templars or Hospitalers as appears by an account taken 31 Hen. 2. possessions of the Templars in England were assign'd for to give to profane uses things once consecrated to God our Ancestors thought a crime not to be aton'd for in testimony of their gratitude granted to John Mowbray de Axholm See the Stat. aâ— Tempâ—ariâ— successor of the said Roger that he and his successors at every of the Assemblies of their Order should be received in the next degree of honour to Soveraign Princes More to the north-east in the midst of a Chase and Park a confluence of little streams form a Lake which being presently confin'd within Banks make a Chanel or Kennel Upon this stands Kenelworth Kenelworth commâ—â— Kilâ—ingworth heretofore vulgarly call'd Kenelworda and corruptly Killingworth From this town a most noble beautiful and strong Castle encompass'd with a Chase and Parks takes its name It was built neither by Kenulphus nor Kenelmus nor Kineglisus as some Historians have dreamt but by Geoffrey de Clinton Lord Chamberlain to King Henry 1. and his son as may be seen in authentick evidences after he had founded there a Monastery for Canons Regular But Henry his * Prâ—nâ—â— great grandchild wanting issue sold it to King Hen. 3. who granted it to Simon de Montefort Earl of Leicester with Eleanor his sister for her portion But presently after this bond of amity and friendship being broken and Earl Simon after dismal commotions being slain in the Barons Wars 8 Which he had rais'd upon fair pretext against his Sovereign the Castle endured a siege of six months and at last was surrender'd to King Hen. 3. 9 Who annex'd this Castle as an inheritance to Edmund his son Earl of Lancaster who made it part of the inheritance of the Lancastrian family At which time was made and publish'd the Edict which our Lawyers stile Dictum de Kenelworth whereby it was enacted that all who had taken up Arms against the King should pay five years value of all their lands c. A very wholsome piece of severity without effusion of blood to check those seditious spirits so pernicious to the Government whose only hopes were placed in the distractions of the State at that time But now of late by the royal munificence of Queen Elizabeth it became the seat of Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester who in rebuilding and adorning it spar'd no cost So that if you regard the magnificence of buildings and nobleness of the Chase and Parks lying round and belonging to it it may claim a second place among the stateliest Castles of England p From hence that I may pursue the same course I did in my journey I saw Solyhill in which was nothing worth seeing beside the Church Next Bremicham â—â—â—micham swarming with inhabitants and echoing with the noise of Anvils for here are great numbers of Smiths The lower part is very watery The upper rises with abundance of handsome buildings and 't is none of the least honours of the place that from hence the noble and warlike family of the Bremichams 10 Earls of Louth c. in Ireland had both their original and name From thence in the extreme point of this County northward lies Sutton Colefield in a foresty unkind and barren soil boasting of it's native John Voisy Bishop of Exeter who in the reign of Henry 3. raised up this little town then ruinous and decayed and adorn'd it with fair buildings great privileges and a Grammar-school q From hence going southward I came to Colesâ—ud belonging heretofore to the Clintons r and neighbour to this is Maxtock-Castle which in a continu'd succession had for it's Lords the Lindseys who were Lords of Wolverly the Odingsells having their original from Flanders and the Clintons who have been very eminent in this County Lower in the middle of this woody country is seated Coventry so called as I conjecture from a Convent for such a Convent in our Tongue we call a Covent or Covenn and frequently in our Histories and in the Pontifical Decrees this is call'd Conventria as particularly in that u This must relate to Alexander de Savensby who was consecrated 1224. and liv'd in the time of Pope Honorius 3. He was a very learned man but pretended to visions and apparitions scarce credible says Bishop Godwin Either the Bishop of Conventry is not in his right wits or he seems wilfully to have quitted common sense Yet some there are who will have the name taken from a rivulet running through it at this day called Shirburn and in an old Charter of the Priory â—conâ— 3. p. 14. â—â—cret Cuentford Whencesoever the name be taken this City some ages since being enrich'd with the Manufacture uu Now both these trades are much decay'd of Cloathing and Caps was the only Mart-town of this Country and of greater resort than could be expected from its Mid-land situation 'T is commodiously seated large and neat fortify'd with very strong walls and adorn'd with beautiful buildings amongst which two Churches of excellent Architecture stand near together as it were rivalling each other the one dedicated to the Holy Trinity the other to St. Michael There is nothing in it of very great antiquity That which seems to be the greatest monument is the Religious-house or Priory whose ruins I saw near these two Churches This King
the Counties of Wilts and Somerset Provinces of the West-Saxon Kingdom u Mr. Camden having left the west-side of this County in a manner untouch'd it will be necessary to give a more particular view thereof The river Teme Teme in Latin Temedus waters the north-west part of this Shire taking its course into the Severn through rich meadows and the soil on both sides produceth excellent Syder and Hops in great abundance On the edge of Shropshire the river gives its name to Temebury a small but well-frequented market-town This town with most of the Lands between Teme and Herefordshire were held by Robert Fitz Richard Lord of Ricards Castle whose son Hugh marrying Eustachia de Say a great heiress the issue of that match took the sirname of Say These Lands by Margery an heir-female came to Robert Mortimer about K. John's time and the issue-male of the family of Mortimers failing the patrimony was divided between two daughters the elder of which being marry'd to Geoffry Cornwall part of it continues in the hands of their posterity but the rest hath often chang'd its Lords About 7 miles below Temebury the river passeth under Woodbery-hill Woodbery-hill remarkable for an old entrenchment on the top vulgarly call'd Owen Glendowr's Camp which notwithstanding is probably of greater antiquity Hence runs a continu'd ridge of hills from Teme almost to Severn and seems to have been the boundary of the Wiccian Province At the foot of Woodbery-hill stands Great-Witley Gâ—eâ—t â—â—â—ley where is a fair new-built house the chief seat of the Foleys who bought it of the Russels to whom it came about King Henry the 7th's time by marriage with one of the coheirs of Cassy who had marry'd the heir-general of the Coke-sayes it s more ancient Lords Under the west-side of Woodbery-hill lies Shelsley Beauchamp and over against it Shelsley Walsh Sheâ—â—ey Waâ—sh where dwelt Sir Richard Walsh the famous Sheriff of this County at the time of the Powder-plot who pursu'd the traytors into Staffordshire and took them there A little lower stood Hammme-castle and now in the place of it a fair seat which the ancient family of the Jeffreys have enjoy'd about 200 years Hence by Martley Teme passeth under Coderidge Coderiâ—â—â— a manour of the Berkleys formerly the Actons and in more ancient times belonging to the Mortimers and Says On the opposite bank stands Leigh Leâ—gh a manour of the Viscount of Hereford whence the river hasting to Powick falls into the Severn Continuation of the EARLS Henry son of Edward succeeding his father was created Marquiss of Worcester by K. Charles 1. which honour was after him enjoy'd by Edward his son and Henry his grandson who being created Duke of Beaufort by King Charles 2. the title of Marquiss of Worcester is now given to Charles Somerset his eldest son a Gentleman of great parts and worth who merits no less a character than that Mr. Camden gives his noble Ancestor with whom he concludes his description of Worcestershire More rare Plants growing wild in Worcestershire Colchicum vulgare seu Anglicum purpureum album Ger. Park Common meadow-Saffron I observed it growing most plentifully in the meadows of this County Cynoglossum folio virenti J. B. Cynoglossum minus folio virente Ger. semper virens C. B. Park The lesser green-leaved Hounds-tongue It hath been observed in some shady lanes near Worcester by Mr. Pitts an Apothecary and Alderman of that City Sorbus pyriformis D. Pitts which I suspect to be no other than the Sorbus sativa C. B. legitima Park That is the true or manured Service or Sorb-tree Found by the said Mr. Pits in a forest of this County Triticum majus glumâ foliaceâ seu Triticum Polonicum D. Bobert An Trit speciosum grano oblongo J. B Polonian Wheat It is found in the fields in this County and as Dr. Plot tells us in Staffordshire also STAFFORDSHIRE THE third part of that Country inhabited by the Cornavii now Staffordshire in Saxon Stafford-scyre the people whereof as living in the heart of England are call'd in Bede Angli Mediterranei Angli Mediterranei bounded on the east by Warwickshire and Derbyshire on the south by the County of Worcester and on the west by Shropshire lies from south to north almost in the form of a Rhombus being broad in the middle but narrow and contracted towards the ends of it The north part is mountainous and less fertile but the middle which is water'd by the Trent is fruitful woody and pleasant by an equal mixture of arable and meadow grounds so is also the south which has much pit-coal and mines of iron Iron but whether more to their loss or advantage the natives themselves are best Judges and so I refer it to them STAFFORD SHIRE by Robt. Morden After this we find memorable in this tract Chellington Chellington a very fine seat and the manour of that ancient and famous family the Giffards The Gâ—ffards given to Peter Giffard in the reign of Hen. 2. by Peter Corbuchin to whom also Richard Strongbow who conquer'd Ireland gave Tachmelin and other lands in that Country Vulfrunes-hampton so call'd from Vulfruna a very pious woman who built a Monastery in the town which before had the name of Hampton and hence for Vulfrunes-hampton it is corruptly call'd Wolverhampton Wâ—lverhampton which is chiefly remarkable for the College there annex'd to the Dean and Prebendaries of Windsor b Theoten-hall 〈…〉 that is to say a house of Pagans now Tetnall where many of the Danes were cut off in the year 911. by Edward the elder c Weadesburg now Weddsborrow Weddsborâ—ow heretofore fortified by Aethelfleda Governess of the Mercians and Walsall none of the meanest market-towns Near this lies the course of the river Tame Tame which rising not far off runs for some miles on the east-side of this County toward the Trent passing at some small distance by Draiton Basset â—â—set the seat of the Bassets who are descended from one Turstin Lord of this place in the reign of Hen. 1. and grown up into a numerous and famous family For this is the stock from which the Bassets of Welleden Wiccomb Sapcott Chedle and others of them are propagated But of these Bassets of Draiton Ralph was the last a very eminent Baron who marry'd the sister of John Montfort Duke of Bretagne and died without issue in the reign of Rich. 2. From hence the Tame passing thro' the bridge at Falkesley over which an ancient Roman-way lay runs by the lower part of Tamworth â—â—mworth in Saxon Tamapeord in Marianus Tamawordina so situated between the borders of the two Shires that the one part of it which formerly belong'd to the Marmions is counted in Warwickshire the other which belong'd to the Hastings is reckon'd in this County It takes its name from the river Tame which runs by it and the Saxon word Weorth which signifies
river rises near Healy castle built by the Barons of Aldelegh or Audley Barons Audley to whom this place was given by Harvy de Stafford as likewise Aldelegh it self by Theobald de Verdon and from these spring the family of the Stanleys Earls of Derby 8 Strange it is to read what Lands King Henry 3. confirm'd to Henry Audeley which were bestow'd on him through the bounty of the Peers and even of private Gentlemen not only in England but also in Ireland where Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster gave him Lands together with the Constablish of Ulster so that without doubt he was either a person of singular virtue or a very great Favourite or an able Lawyer or perhaps was endu'd with all these qualifications His posterity were all â—â—d in marriage with the heirs of the Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of Baron Martin Lord of Keimeis and Barstaple as also a younger brother of this house with one of the heirs of the Earl of Glocester who was by King Edward 3. created Earl of Glocester About which time James Lord Aualey acquir'd a very great reputation on the account of his valour and skill in war-like affairs who as it is related by French Historians being dangerously wounded in the battel of Poitiers when the Black Prince with many high commendations had given to him a pension of 400 marks per annum bestow'd it immediately on his four Esquires that always valiantly attended him and satisfy'd the Prince doubting that his gift might be too little for so great service with this answer gratefully acknowledging his bounty These my Esquires sav'd my life amidst my enemies and God be think'd my Ancestors have left me sufficient Revenues to maintain me in your Service Whereupon the Prince approving this prudent Liberality both confirm'd his Donation to his Esquires and besides assign'd to him Lands to the value of 600 marks yearly But by his daughter one of the co-heirs to her brother the title of Lord Audley came afterward to the Touchets and in them continueth but the inheritance and name descended to the Touchetts in whose posterity and name that family is still remaining i I must not go on here without taking notice of that house call'd Gerards Bromley both upon the account of its magnificence and also because 't is the chief seat of Thomas Gerard whom King James in the first of his reign created Baron Gerard of Gerards Bromley The Sow keeps like a parallel line at equal distance from the Trent and runs by Chebsey which formerly belong'd to the Lords Hastings 9 Reckon'd among the principal Noble-men in the time of King Edward the first and then not far from Eccleshal the residence of the Bishop of Lichfield k and Ellenhall which formerly was the seat of the Noels Noel a famous family who founded a Monastery here at Raunton from them it descended hereditarily to the Harcourts who are of an ancient and noble Norman race and flourish'd for a long time in great dignity Of the male-line of these Noels is Andrew Noel of Dalby an eminent Knight and the Noels of Wellesborow in the County of Leicester and others remaining at this day l From hence the Sow runs by Stafford Stafford heretofore Statford and first of all Betheney where Bertelin with the reputation of great sanctity liv'd formerly an Hermite Edward the elder in the year 914. built a Tower upon the North-side of the river here When William the first took his Survey of England as it is said in Domesday-book the King had only eighteen Burgesses here belonging to him and twenty mansion houses of the Honour of the Earl it paid in gross for all customs nine pounds in deniers 10 And had 13 Canons-Prebendaries who held in Frank-Almoin In another place The King commanded a castle to be made there which was lately demolish'd But at that time as it is at this day Stafford was the chief Town of this County which owes its greatest glory to Stafford a castle adjoyning to it 11 Which the Barons of Stafford of whose Progeny were the Dukes of Buckingham built for their own seat who prevail'd with King John to erect it into a Burrough with ample liberties and priviledges caus'd to be partly enclos'd with a wall and founded a Priory of Black-Canons in honour of St. Thomas of Canterbury built by the Barons of Stafford for a seat m Below this the Sow is joyn'd by a little river call'd Penke which gives name to Pennocrucium an ancient town of which we have already made mention Near the confluence of the Sow and the Trent stands Ticks-hall where the family of the Astons dwell which for antiquity and kindred is one of the best families in these parts n With these waters the Trent glides gently through the middle of the County to the Eastward having Chartley Chartley. castle at two miles distance on the left of it which from Ranulph Earl of Chester who built it fell to the Ferrars by Agnes his sister who was married to William de Ferrars Earl of Derby from whom descended and flourish'd the Lords Ferrars of Chartley Lords Ferrars of Chartley. and Anne the daughter of the last of them brought this Honour with her as a portion to Walter D'eureux her husband from whom is Robert D'eureux Earl of Essex and Lord Ferrars of Chartley. On the right side of this river almost at the same distance stands Beaudesert Beaudesert most delicately seated among the woods formerly the house of the Bishops of Lichfield but afterwards of the Barons Pagets Barons Paget For William Paget who for his great prudence and knowledge of the world being eminent both at home and abroad was in great favour with Henry the eighth and King Edward the sixth having got a large estate was created Baron Paget of Beaudesert by Edward the sixth 12 He was as it may be collected from his Epitaph Secretary and Privy Counsellor to King Henry 8. and constituted by his Testament Counsellor and Adjutant to King Edward the sixth during his minority to whom he was Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Comptroller of the Houshold and by him created as I have already intimated Baron and Knight of the Garter as also by Queen Mary Lord Privy-Seal Whose grandson William is now the fourth Baron Pagett His grandson Thomas the fourth Baron flourishes now at this day who by his virtue and progress in the best kinds of learning is a grace and ornament to his whole family and in this respect but justly distinguisht by an honourable mention here From hence the Trent visits Lichfield Lâ—â—hfieâ—d scarce four miles distant from the right side of it Bede calls it Licidfeld which Rous of Warwick renders a field of carcasses and tells us that many Christians suffer'd martyrdom there under Dioclesian The city stands low is pretty large and neat and divided into two parts by a kind of lough or clear water
the same form with the Tumulus it self on the edge whereof the same Author observ'd ashes and charcoal in their true colours and several pieces of bones in the middle of it so friable that they would crumble betwixt the fingers Which plainly proves it to be Roman unless which does not appear the Saxons or Danes ever burnt their dead bodies e Upon the Roman-way near Lichfield we find a village call'd Wall which is suppos'd to have taken that name from the fragments of an old wall upon the north-side of Watlingstreet Mr. Camden does rightly suppose it to be the Etocetum a Etocetum of Antoninus and the two ancient pavements wherein there appear Roman bricks with the remains of Antiquity discover'd at Chesterfield on the other side of the way put it beyond all dispute f The next Station in this County is Pennocrucium Pennocrucium which Mr. Camden had encouragement enough both from Antoninus's distances and the affinity of the old and new names to settle at Penkridge Penkridge and yet one objection it 's lying from the Great way at least two miles considering the design of these Stations goes very hard against it Stretton as Dr. Plot has settl'd it which has the advantage of standing upon the Way may no doubt lay a juster claim to it The name too favours the conjecture for a little experience will teach any one thus much that where Street or Chester is part of the name a man shall seldom lose his labour in the search after Antiquities A little below the Way southward near Fetherstone in the parish of Brewood was found a brass-head of the bolt of a Catapulta another was likewise discover'd at Bushbury a third in the biggest of the Lows upon the Morridge and a fourth at Hundsworth all of brass and much of the same form which Dr. Plot has given us in the 5th Figure of his 33d Table From this it is certain that all these are Roman Tumuli and probably places of some action g From the directions of the Way let us pass to the head of the great river Trent near which is Newcastle under Lyme New-castle under Lyme built in Hen. 3.'s time by the Earl of Lancaster and so call'd in respect of another at a little distance Chesterton under Lyme where Mr. Camden found an old Castle half demolish'd but now nothing but some very obscure remains are to be seen h From hence the river leads us to Darlaston Darlaston where in a place call'd Berry-bank on the top of a hill are the ruins of a large castle fortify'd with a double vallum and entrenchments about 250 yards diameter This according to tradition was the seat of Ulfere King of Mercia who murther'd his two sons for embracing Christianity The whole passage at large see in Dr. Plot 's History of Staffordshire p. 407. The next place we meet with memorable is Cank Cank or Cannockwood upon the edge whereof in the park at Beaudesart there remains a large fortification call'd the Castle-hill encompass'd with a double agger and trench which are in a manner circular except on the south-east side What Dr. Plot conjectures is highly probable that it was cast up by Canutus when he made such dismal waste of those parts as our Historians talk of i Our next guide is the river Sow about the head whereof is Blore heath Blore heath where a stone set up in memory of James Lord Audley deserves our notice He was slain in that place fighting against the Earl of Salisbury in the quarrel of Hen. 6. in which battel no less than 2400 were slain upon the spot k From hence this river directs us to Eccleshall Eccleshall the castle whereof was either built from the foundation or at least repair'd by Walter de Longton Bishop of Lichfield and Lord High Treasurer of England in the reign of Edw. 1. Not far from which is Wotton where is a high-pav'd way which Dr. Plot imagines to have been a Roman Via Vicinalis or by-way from one town to another l Going nearer to Stafford we meet with Ellenhall Ellenhall famous for the family of the Noels of the male-heirs whereof are still remaining those of Hilcote-Hardby as also Baptist Earl of Gainsburrough and some others m Nearer the Trent upon the same river lies Stafford Stafford where Ethelfled the Mercian Queen built a Castle whereof there is nothing remaining that upon the hill at a mile's distance from the town being built by Ranulph or Ralph the first Earl of Stafford a long time after And Mr. ‖ View of Staffordshire Erdswick concludes he only re-edify'd the Castle and not new built it because he had seen a certain Deed dated from the Castle near Stafford long before the days of Earl Ralph But Dr. Plot is of opinion that the old Castle there mention'd might rather stand within the entrenchment at Billington which perhaps says he may be only the remains of this Castle the lands wherein these entrenchments are being not far distant and still remaining a part of the demesne land of the Barony of Stafford n Near the meeting of Sow and Trent is Tixal not far from whence stands Ingestre Ingestre an ancient seat of the family of the Chetwinds the last owner of which who dy'd without issue A. D. 1693. was Walter Chetwind Esq a Gentleman eminent as for his ancient family and great hospitality so for his admirable skill in Antiquities the History of Staffordshire receiving great encouragement from him He was likewise a person of a charitable and publick spirit as appear'd by new building the Parish-Church of Ingestre after a very beautiful manner and also adding to the Vicarage such tythes as remain'd in his hands o About four miles from the Trent lies Lichfield Lichfield where a thousand Christians who had been instructed instructed by S. Amphibalus in a place call'd Christianfield were martyr'd and their bodies left unburied to be devour'd by birds and beasts from whence the City bears for their Device an Escocheon of Landskip with many Martyrs in it in several manners massacred This place since our Author's time has given the honourable title of Earl first to Bernard Stewart youngest son of Esme Duke of Lennox and Earl of March created in the 21th year of Charles the first Being slain at the battel at Rowton-heath in Cheshire he was succeeded by Charles Stewart his nephew who dy'd Ambassadour in Denmark in 1672. About two years after the title was conferr'd upon Edward Henry Lee created June 5. 1674. Baron of Spellesbury Vicount Quarendon and Earl of Lichfield Not far from hence is Streethey Streethey the name whereof seems to be taken from its situation upon the old way call'd Ikenild-street * Plot 's Staffordshire p 402. and its distance from Streeton another town lying upon the same road and claiming the same antiquity on account of its name being about 12 miles
makes it reasonable enough to suppose that these two might be stations for the reception of the Armies in their march Upon the east side of the road between Streethey and Burton stands Eddingal Eddinghall where is a rais'd way pointing towards Lullington in Derbyshire which Dr. Plot is of opinion might probably be one of the Roman Viae vicinales or by-roads which they had beside their great high-ways for the convenience of going between town and town p More to the West is Blithfield Blithfield the seat of the Bagotts as Mr. Camden tells us It came into this family by the marriage of the daughter and heir of Blithfield in the reign of Edward the second Before which time they were seated at the neighbouring village of Bagotts-Bromley From this family were also descended the ancient Barons of Stafford afterwards Dukes of Buckingham Farther Northward and not far from Checkley by a small brook call'd Peak are the stately ruins of Croxden-Abbey Croxden-Abbey formerly a Monastery of Cistercian Monks founded by Theobald de Verdon a Norman Baron about the time of Henry the second Continuation of the LORDS After Edward Stafford last Duke of Buckingham of that name there were three of that family who enjoy'd the title of Lords Stafford Henry Edward and another Henry the daughter of the last being marry'd to William Howard son of Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey King Charles the first created this her husband Nov. 1640. Viscount and Lord Stafford More rare Plants growing wild in Staffordshire The mountainous part of this Country called the Moorelands produceth the same plants with the Peak Country of Derbyshire The more depressed and level parts with Warwickshire At a village called Worton in this County about two miles distant from Newport in Shropshire grow in plenty the Abies Ger. Park faemina sive 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 J. B. The female or Yew-leav'd Firr-tree which whether they were native of this place or anciently planted here is some question That they were natives Dr. Plot gathers not only from their disorderly natural situation and excessive height to which planted trees seldom arrive but chiefly from the stools or stumps of many trees which he suspects to have been Firrs found near them in their natural position in the bottoms of Mosses and Pools particularly of Shebben-pool some of the bodies whereof are daily dug up at Laynton and in the old Pewet-pool in the same parish where these now grow Sorbus Pyriformis D. Pitt The Pear-like Service I have already declared my opinion that this is no other than the common Service-tree Dr. Plot tells us that it grows in the Moorelands at many places Sambucus fructu albo Ger. Park fructu in umbella viridi C. B. acinis albis J. B. White-berried Elder In the hedges near the village of Combridge plentifully Dr. Plot hist nat Staff Tripolium minus vulgare The lesser Sea-star-wort Said to grow in the grounds of Mr. Chetwynd of Ingstree within two miles of Stafford in a place call'd the Marsh near the place where the brine of it self breaks out above ground frets away the grass and makes a plash of Salt-water Dr. Plot. hist nat Staff SHROPSHIRE SHROPSHIRE By Robert Morden Lower upon the river Temd we see Burford Burford which from Theodorick Say's posterity descended to Robert de Mortimer and from his heirs to 4 Sir Jeffrey Jeffrey de Cornubia or Cornwaile Cornwaile of the lineage of Richard Earl of Cornwall and King of the Alemans whose heirs even to our days have bore the honourable title of Barons but were not such Barons as might sit in Parliament Burford is held of the King Inq. 40 E. 3. to find five men towards the Army of Wales and by the service of a Barony as appears by the Inquisition But observe by the way those who held an entire Barony were formerly reputed Barons and some Sages of the Common Law will have Baron and Barony to have been Conjugates Baron and Barony conjugates like Earl and Earldom Duke and Dukedom King and Kingdom Temd here leaves Shropshire and by its Northern Banks arise some hills of no difficult ascent call'd Clee-hill Clee-hill famous for producing the best Barley and not without some veins of Iron c at the bottom of which in a little village call'd Cleybury Hugh de Mortimer built a castle which immediately King Henry the second so entirely demolish'd finding it a Nursery of Rebellion that scarce any remains of it are visible at this day and Kinlet a seat of the Blunts Blunt signifies yellow hair in the Norman tongue a name very famous in these parts denoting their golden locks This is a very ancient and honourable family and hath spread its branches far Then we see Brugmorfe Bridgemorfe commonly call'd Bridgnorth on the right hand bank of the Severn so call'd of Burgh and Morfe a Forest that adjoyns to it before call'd Burgh only a town enclos'd and fortified with walls a ditch a castle and the river Severn which with a very steep fall flows in amongst the rocks It stands secure upon a rock through which the ways that lead into the upper part of the town were cut 'T was first built by Edelfleda Domina Merciorum Lady of the Mercians and wall'd round by Robert de f His right name is Belesme for so the ancient Saxon Annals call him Belism Earl of Shrewsbury who relying upon the strength of the place revolted from Henry the first as likewise did Roger de Mortimer from Henry the second but both with ill success for they were forc'd to surrender and so were quieted At the siege of this castle as our Chronicles say King Henry the second had like to have lost his life by an arrow which being shot at him was intercepted by a truly gallant man and lover of his King 5 Sir Hubert Syncler Hubert de Saint-Clere who sav'd the King's life by being accessary to his own death At this place formerly 6 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford behav'd himself so gallantly that King Henry the first gave him the little 7 Burgh Brug near it to hold by the service of finding dry wood for the great chamber of the castle of 7 Burgh Brug against the coming of his Soveraign Lord the King d Willeley is not far off the ancient seat of 8 Sir Warner the Warners of Willeley Willey or Willeley from whose posterity by the Harleys and Peshall it came to the famous family of the Lacons Lacon much advanc'd by intermarriage with the heir of Passelew and lately improv'd by the possessions of Sir J. Blunt of Kinlet Kt. Other castles and towns lye scattering hereabouts as New castle Hopton castle Shipton and Corvesham upon the river Corve the gift of K. Hen. 2. Lib. Inq. to Walter de Clifford Brancroft and Holgot commonly call'd Howgate which formerly belong'd to the Mandutes then
we Wreckceter and Wroxceter Wroxceâ— It was the Metropolis of the Cornavii and built probably by the Romans when they fortify'd the bank of the Severn which is only here fordable and not any where lower towards the mouth of it but this being shatter'd by the Saxon war was quite destroy'd in that of the Danes and is now a very little village inhabited only by country-people who frequently plow up ancient coins that bear witness of it's antiquity Here is nothing to be seen of it but a very few reliques of broken walls call'd by the people m This stands near the midst of the city being about 20 foot high and 100 in length The old works of Wroxceter which were built of hewn stone and laid in ‖ Septeâ—plici Britâ—nicarum dine seven rows 15 In equal distance arch'd within after the fashion of the Britains That where these are was formerly a castle is probable from the unevenness of the ground heaps of earth and here and there the rubbish of walls The plot where this city stood which is no small spot of ground is a blacker earth than the rest and yields the largest crops of the best barley g Below this city went that Roman military high-way call'd Watlingstreet either thro' a ford or over a bridge to the Strattons Stratton before mention'd which name imports they were Towns seated by the high-way the foundation of which bridge was lately discover'd a little above in setting a Wear for so they call a fishing damme in the river but now there is no track of the Way h This ancient name of Viroconium is more manifestly retain'd by a neighbouring mountain call'd Wreken-hill Wrekenhâ— by some Gilbert's-hill which gradually falls into a pleasant level and yields an entertaining prospect of the plains about it n It stands about a mile from Wroxeter and is the highest ground of all the Country thereabout Leland's Itin. This hill shoots it self out pretty far in length is well set with trees and under it where Severn visits it with it's streams at Buldewas commonly call'd Bildas Bildas was formerly a noted Monastery the burying-place of the Burnels a famous family and Patrons of it Above it is a Lodge call'd Watling-street from it's situation upon the publick Street or military high-way and hard by are the reliques of Dalaley-castle â—alaley which upon the banishment of Richard Earl of Arundel King Rich. 2. by Act of Parliament did annex to the Principality of Chester which he had erected Not far from the foot of this hill in the depth of the valley by that Roman military high-way is Okenyate â—kenyate a small village of some note for the pit-coal which by reason of it's low situation and that distance which Antoninus says Us-ocona is both from Uriconium and Pennocrucium undoubtedly must be the same with o Written also according to the variety of Copies Usoccona and Uxacona Burton's Itinerar Us-ocona â—s-ocona Nor does the name make against the conjecture for it is compounded of the word Ys which in Welsh signifies Low and seems to be added to express its lowly situation On the other side under this hill appears Charleton-castle anciently belonging to the Charletons â—harleton Lords of Powis and more eastward towards Staffordshire is Tong-castle 〈◊〉 formerly Toang repair'd not long since by the Vernons as likewise was the College within the town which the Penbriges as I have read first founded The inhabitants boast of nothing more than a great bell famous in those parts for its bigness Hard by stands Albrighton which in the reign of King Edward 1. was the seat of 16 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford â—ichford but now belongs to the Talbots who are descended from the Earls of Shrewsbury 17 But above Tong was Lilleshul-Abbey in a wood-land Country founded by the family of Beaumeis whose heir was marry'd into the house of De la Zouch But seeing there is little left but ruins I will leave it and proceed On the other side of the river Tern lies Draiton â—raiton upon the very banks of it where during the Civil wars between the houses of Lancaster and York was a battel fought very fatal to the Gentry of Cheshire for tho' Victory neither turn'd her balance on the one side or the other yet they being divided and adhering to both parties were cut off in great numbers Lower down and pretty near the Tern lies Hodnet formerly inhabited by Gentlemen of that name from whom by the Ludlows it hereditarily fell to the Vernons 〈◊〉 Ed. 2. It was formerly held of the Honour of Montgomery by the service of being Steward of that Honour The Tern after that passing by some small villages is joyn'd by a rivulet call'd Rodan and after it has run a few miles farther near Uriconium before spoken of it falls into the Severn Not far from the head of this river Rodan stands Wem â—em where may be seen the p There is nothing now to be seen but the bank upon which it stood marks of an intended castle It was the Barony of William Pantulph about the beginning of the Norman times from whose posterity it came at length to the Butlers and from them by the Ferrers of Ouseley and the Barons of Greystock to the Barons Dacre of Gillesland q The tile of this Barony was given by K. James 2. to Sir George Jeffreys Lord Chancellour of England and is now descended to his son to whom the manour and Royalty of it do belong A little distant from this upon a woody hill or rather rock which was anciently call'd Rad-cliff stood a castle upon a very high ground call'd from the reddish stone Red-castle â—ed-castle and by the Normans Castle Rous heretofore the seat of the Audleys by the bounty of Mawd the Stranger or Le-strange but now there is nothing to be seen but decayed walls 18 Which yet make a fair shew Hol. But at present they make none some small tokens of it only remaining Scarce a mile off is a spot of ground where a small city once stood the very ruins of which are almost extinct but the Roman Coyns that are found there with such bricks as they us'd in building are evidence of its Antiquity and Founders The people of the neighbourhood call it Bery from Burgh and they affirm it to have been very famous in King Arthur's days 19 As the common sort ascribe whatsoever is ancient and strange to King Arthur's glory After that upon the same river appears Morton-Corbet 20 Anciently an house of the family of Turet â—orton-â—orbet â—astle a castle of the Corbets where within the memory of man Robert Corbet to gratifie the fancy he had for Architecture began a noble piece of building 21 In a barren place after the Italian model for his future magnificent and more splendid habitation but death countermanding his
were drowns the lesser and the King of England and Duke of Normandy at that time was the self same person But where am I thus roving After Arthur there succeeded in the Earldom of Richmond Guy Vicount of Thovars second husband of Constantia aforesaid Ranulph the third Earl of Chester third husband to the said Constantia Peter de Dreux descended from the Blood-royal of France who married Alice the only daughter of Constantia by her husband Guy Thovars 7 Then upon dislike of the house of Britain Peter of Savoy c. Peter of Savoy Uncle of Eleanor Consort to King Henry the third who fearing the Nobility and Commons of England that grumbled at that time against foreigners voluntarily renounced this honour John Earl of Britain son of Peter de Dreux John the first Duke of Britain and his son who married Beatrice daughter to Henry the third King of England He had issue Arthur Duke of Britain who according to some Writers was also Earl of Richmond For certain Robert de Arthâ—is wâ— not Earl oâ— Richmâ—â—d as Frâ—â—sardus has â— but of â—â—lomorâ— Lib. Feâ—d Richmâ—â—diae John his younger brother presently after the death of his father enjoy'd this honour who added to the ancient Arms of Dreux with the Canton of Britain the Lions of England in bordure He was ‖ Custoâ— Governour of Scotland under Edward the second where he was kept prisoner three years and at last dy'd without children in the reign of Edward the third and John Duke of Britain his Nephew the son of Arthur succeeded in this Earldom He dying without issue at a time when this Dutchy of Britain was hotly * Between John de Montâ—foâ—â— and Jâ— Clauâ— wife of Charles of Blâ—is contended for 8 Between John Earl of Monfort of the half-blood and Joan his brother's daughter and heir of the whole blood married to Charles of Blâ—ys Edward the 3d to advance his interest in France gave to John Earl of Montford who had sworn fealty to him for the Dutchy of Britain all this Earldom till such time as he should recover his Lands in France he seeming preferable to the daughter of his brother deceas'd 9 To whom the Parliament of France had adjudg'd it both as he was a man as he was nearer ally'd and as he had a better title His lands being at length regain'd by means of the English the same King gave it to John of Gaunt his son who at last restor'd it to the King his father for other Lands in exchange The King forthwith created John Earl of Montford the second Duke of Britain sirnam'd the Valiant to whom he had married his daughter Earl of Richmond that he might oblige him by stronger ties being a warlike man and a bitter enemy to the French Yet by an Act of Parliament in the 14th of King Richard the second he was deprived of this Earldom for adhering to the French against the English However he retain'd the title and left it to his posterity The Earldom it self was given by the King to Joan of Britain his sister widow of Ralph Basset of Draiton After her death first Ralph Nevil Earl of Westmorland by the bounty of Henry the 4th had the Castle and County of Richmond for term of Life and then John Duke of Bedford Afterwards Henry the sixth conferr'd the title of Earl of Richmond upon Edmund de Hadham his brother by the mother's side with this peculiar privilege That he should take place in Parliament next the Dukes To him succeeded Henry his son afterwards King of England by the name of Henry the seventh But whilst he was in exile George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester had this County bestow'd upon them by King Edward the fourth their brother Last of all Henry natural son to Henry the eight was by his father invested Duke of Richmond Duke of Richmond but in the year of our Lord 1535. he dy'd without issue 10 As for Sir Thomas Grey who was made Baron of Richmond by King Henry the sixth he was not Lord of this Richmond but of a place in Bedfordshire call'd Rugemound and Richmount Greies There are reckon'd in this County 104 great Parishes besides Chapels of Ease ADDITIONS to the North-Riding and Richmondshire a IN the North-riding the first place our Author speaks of is Scarborough â—â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh which drives a great trade with fish taken in the Sea thereabout wherewith they supply the City of York tho' thirty miles distant Besides Herings which he takes notice of they have Ling Cod-fish Haddock Hake Whiting Makrel with several other sorts in great plenty On the North-east it is fortified with a high and inaccessible rock stretcht out a good way into the Sea and containing at the top about eighteen or twenty acres of good Meadow and not near sixty as Mr. Camden has told us out of Newbrigensis Whether the difference lye in the several measures of Acres or the greater part of it be washt away by the Sea or lastly may have been caus'd through an error of that Historian I shall not dispute since the matter of fact is plain Wittie's â—â—â—ription â—carboâ—â—â—gh â— The Spaw-well is a quick Spring about a quarter of a mile South from the Town at the foot of an exceeding high cliff arising upright out of the Earth like a boyling pot near the level of the Spring-tides with which it is often overflown It is of that sort of Springs which Aristotle calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the most droughty years are never dry In an hour it affords above 24. gallons of water for the stones through which it flows contain more than 12 gallons and being empty'd every morning will be full within half an hour It 's virtue proceeds from a participation of Vitriol Iron Alum Nitre and Salt to the sight it is very transparent inclining somewhat to a sky-colour it hath a pleasant acid taste from the Vitriol and an inky smell The right honourable Richard Lumley has from this place his title of Earl of Scarborough b Upon the same coast is Whitby â—â—itby not call'd in Saxon Streanes-Heale as our Author has it but Streones HalH as it is in the Saxon Paraphrase of Bede and also the best Latin Copies And therefore Mr. Junius in his Gothick Glossary under the word Alh seems to have hit the true original when he fetches it from the Saxon hael hal or healh call'd by Caedmon alh which as our Northern word Hall still in use signifies any eminent building Hence the Pagan God Woden's Valhol or Valhaul so frequently mention'd in the Edda and other old Cimbrian Writers and Crantzius fetches the name of the City of Upsal from the same original c As for the Serpent-stones â—â—â—pent-â—â—â—â—es Mr. Nicholson who has made large observations upon the Natural Rarities of those parts affirms them to be the same with those the Modern Naturalists call Cornua Ammonis Whether
some parts they find great store of Marle to manure their grounds whereby that soil which was deem'd unfit for Corn is so kindly improv'd that we may reasonably think Mankind rather to blame for their idleness heretofore than the Earth for her ingratitude But as for the goodness of this County we may see it in the complexion of the Natives who are particularly well favour'd and comely nay and if we will Lancashire Oxen. in the Cattle of it too For in the Oxen which have huge horns and †Compositio corpore proportionable bodies you shall find nothing of that perfection wanting that Mago the Carthaginian in Columella requir'd On the South part it is divided from Cheshire by the river Mersey which springeth in the middle of the Mountains becomes the boundary as soon as it has gone a little from the rise of it and runs with a gentle stream towards the West inviting as it were other rivers to use the words of the Poet into his azure lap and forthwith receives the Irwell from the North and with it all the rivers of this Eastern part The most memorable of them is the river Roch upon which in the valley stands Rochdale Rochdale a market-town of no small resort as also Bury upon the Irwell it self a market-town no way inferiour to the other And near this whilst I carefully sought up and down for Coccium mention'd by Antoninus I saw Cockley Cockley a wooden Chapel beset round with Trees Turton-Chapel situated in a dirty steep place Turton-tower Turton and Entweissel a fair built house The latter of which formerly belong'd to certain noble persons of that name the former is the seat of that famous family the Orells at this day Where the Irk runs into the Irwell on the left bank rising in a kind of reddish stone scarce three miles from the Mersey flourishes that ancient Town read according to different copies Mancunium Maâ—â—â—um and Manutium in Antoninus which old name it has not quite lost at this day being now call'd Manchester Manâ—â— This surpasses all the Towns hereabouts in building populousness woollen-manufacture market-place Church and its College a This stately stone building is now wholly employ'd for the use of the Hospital and Library founded in the reign of Henry the fifth by Thomas Lord La-Ware 1 Bâ—ing summon'd to Parliament among the Lords Temporal by the name of Magister Thomas de la Ware who was in Orders and was the last heir-male of this family He was descended from the Greleys who were by report the ancient Lords of the Town 2 And by Joâ—nna sister of tâ—e 〈◊〉 Sir Thâ—mas it came to the Wests now Lords de la Ware But in the last age it was much more eminent for the credit of its Woolen-cloth or Manchester-Cottons Maâ—châ— Câ—ttâ—â— as they call them and also for the privilege of a Sanctuary in it which by Act of Parliament in Henry the eighth's time was transferr'd to Chester a In a Park adjoyning to the County of Deâ—by call'd Alparc I saw the marks of an old square Fort just where the river Medloc joyns the Irwell which they call Mancastle I will not say that this was the ancient Mancunium the compass of it is so little but rather that it has been some Roman station here I saw an old stone with this Inscription * O CANDIDI FIDES XX. _____ IIII. This other was taken for me by the famous Mathematician J. Dee Warden of Manchester-College who view'd it COHO I. FRISIN O MASAVONIS P. _____ XXIII They may seem erected to the memory of those Centurions for their approv'd faith and loyalty for so many years together b In the year 920. Edward the elder as Marianus says sent an Army of the Mercians into Northumberland for then this belong'd to the Kings of Northumberland that they should repair the City of Manchester and put a Garison in it c For it seems to have been destroy'd in the Danish wars and because the Inhabitants behav'd themselves bravely against them they will have their Town call'd Manchester that is as they explain it a city of men and of this opinion they are strangely fond as seeming to contribute much to their glory But these honest men are not sensible that Mancunium was the name of it in the British times so that the original of it as 't is derived from our English tongue will by no means hold And therefore I had rather fetch it from the British word Main which signifies a stone For it stands upon a stony hill and beneath the Town at Colyhurst Câ—lâ— there are noble and very famous quarries THE COUNTY PALATINE OF LANCASTER By Robt. Morden 〈…〉 After Chatmoss we see Holcroft which gave both seat and name to the famouâ— family of the Holcrofts formerly enrich'd by marriage with the Coheir of Culchit For that place stands hard by which Gilbert de Culchit held in fee of Almarick Butler as Almarick did of the Earl de Ferrariis in Henry the third's time Whose eldest daugher and heir being married to Richard the son of Hugh de Hinley he took the name of Culchith as Thomas his brother who married the second daughter was call'd from the estate Holcroft the other for the same reason Peasfalong and the fourth de Riseley 〈…〉 Now I note this that the Reader may see that our Ancestors as they were grave and settl'd in other things so in rejecting old and taking new names from their possessions were light and changeable And this was a thing commonly practis'd heretofore in other parts of England Here are little Towns quite round as also throughout this whole County Cheshire and other Northern parts which have given names to famous families and continue in the hands of those of the same name to this very day As Aston of Aston Atherton of Atherton Tillesley of Tillesley Standish of Standish Bold of Bold Hesket of Hesket Worthington of Worthington Torbeck of Torbeck c. It would be endless to reckon up all neither is it my design to give an account of eminent families but to survey such places as are of Antiquity Yet these and such like families in the Northern Counties that I may once for all observe it as they rose by their bravery and grew up more and more by their frugality and the ancient self-contented simplicity so in the South parts of England Luxury Usury Debaucheries and Cheating have undone the most flourishing families in a short time insomuch that many complain how the old race of our Nobility fades and decays 〈…〉 Let us however go on with the Mersey which runs by Warrington remarkable for its Lords the Butlers who obtain'd for it the privilege of a Market from Edward the first Hence northward at no great distance 〈…〉 stands Winwick very famous for being one of the best 〈…〉 Benefices in England Here in the uppermost part of the Church
head of James that heroick Earl of Derby cut off at Bolton in this County October 15. 1651. by the prevailing power of the Parliament Near Lathom-park in the grounds of the Earl of Derby there is a mineral-water or spaw as deeply impregnated with the Iron and Vitriol minerals as any either in this County or Yorkshire The want of convenient Lodging and other accommodations make it less frequentâ—d but 't is certain it has done some notable cures one particularly which an ingenious Gentleman of this County affirms upon his own certain knowledge to have been one of the greatest and quickest that ever he knew done by any such water i In Haigh Hâ—igh near Wiggin in the grounds of Sir Roger Bradshaigh there are very plentiful and profitable mines of an extraordinary Coal Besides the clear flame it yeilds in burning it has been curiously polish'd into the appearance of black marble and fram'd into large Candlesticks Sugar-boxes Spoons with many other such sorts of vessels which have been presented as curiosities and met with very good acceptance both in London and beyond sea North from hence lyes Whittle Whittle near Chorley where in the grounds of Sir Richard Standish a mine of lead has been lately found and wrought with good success possibly the first that has been wrought in this County And near the same place is a plentiful quarry of Mill-stones no less memorable than those mention'd by our Author in the Peake of Derby Within a mile and a half of Wiggin is a Well Bâ—rning-Well which does not appear to be a spring but rather rain-water At first sight there 's nothing about it that seems extraordinary but upon emptying it there presently breaks out a sulphureous vapour which makes the water bubble up as if it boyl'd A Candle being put to it it presently takes fire and burns like brandy The flame in a calm season will continue sometimes a whole day by the heat whereof they can boyl eggs meat c tho' the water it self be cold By this bubbling the water does not encrease but is only kept in motion by the constant Halitus of the vapours breaking out The same water taken out of the Well will not burn as neither the mud upon which the Halitus has beat k Of the plant call'd Clowdesbery mention'd by our Author I have the following account from Mr. Nicollon Some of our Botanists have given it the name of Vaccinia nubis but the more common and better is Chamaemorus for 't is a dwarf-mulberry It is not peculiar to Pendle-hill but grows plentifully on the boggy tops of most of the high mountains both in England and Scotland In Norway also and other Northern Countries it is plentiful enough Instead of Gerard's mistaken name of Clowdberry the Northern peasants call it Cnout-berry and have a tradition that the Danish King Knute being God knows when distress'd for some time in these wasts was reliev'd by feeding upon these dainties I know not whether it will countenance the story to observe that this King's name is in our ancient Records †See Selden's Titles of Honour p. 501. sometimes written Knout But this berry is not the only edible that bears his name to this day for in this County 't is said they have a bird of a luscious taste ‖ Drayt. Poly olb p. 112. which in remembrance of King Cnute they call the Knot-bird l Next we come to the north side the scanty account whereof given by our Author is here supply'd mostly by the informations of the worshipful Sir Daniel Flemming of Ridal in Westmorland a great ornament to his Country and very well verst in the subject of Antiquities As the Island Foulney is so call'd from the great store of Fowl usually there so may this whole tract he nam'd Furness Furness or Fournage from the many Furnaces therein in old time as the Rents and Services paid for them do testifie For many Tenants in this County still pay a Rent call'd Bloom Smithy-Rent The 3 Sands Sands are very dangerous to Travellers both by reason of the uncertainty of the Tides which are quicker and flower according as the winds blow more or less from the Irish-sea and also of the many quick-sands caus'd principally by much rainy weather Upon which account there is a guide on horse-back appointed to each Sand for the direction of such persons as shall have occasion to pass over and each of the three has a yearly Salary paid him out of his Majesty's revenue Windermere Charr s. See the Additions to Westmorland m The greatest Lake in those parts is Winander-mere wherein the Charr mention'd by our Author is a sort of golden Alpine Trout and to be had in other of our Northern Lakes as Ulles-water Butter-meer c. as well as here They have also the same fish in some parts of North-Wales where 't is call'd Tor-goch or Red-belly Where our Author had the story of Eathred is hard to guess it is probable Roger Hovden was his Author who possibly is the only Historian that mentions it However it does not look very plausible for this Eathred or Ethelred was himself King Aelfwold's son Gleston n Within the Manour of Aldingham is Gleston-Castle which has been very large and firm having four strong towers of a great height besides many other buildings with very thick walls To observe it here once for all many persons of quality especially towards Scotland had either Castles or Towers to dwell in to defend themselves and their Tenants from the inroads of the Scots Anciently they had their houses kernell'd fortify'd or embattel'd and divers Commissions have been awarded in pursuance of the Stat. 2 and 3 P. M cap. 1. unto certain persons to enquire what and how many Castles Fortresses c. have been decay'd what are fit to be re-edify'd and how many new ones necessary to be erected This of Gleston is seated in a fertile vale amongst rich meadows and shelter'd from the Sea by fruitful hills all which render it one of the most pleasant seats in this Country o Hard by Dudden-sands is Kirkby-Ireleth Kâ—rby-Iâ—eleth the Manour-house whereof Kirkby-Cross-house so call'd from a Cross plac'd before the gates the top of which was broke off as 't is said by Archbishop Sandys's order is a stately seat giving name to the Kirkbys who have been Lords of it ever since the Conquest the present owner is Colonel Roger Kirkby Near the river Dudden lyes Broughton Broughton formerly the chief seat of a family of that name till in the reign of Henry 7. it was forfeited for Treason by Sir Thomas Broughton Knight who then took part with the counterfeit Plantagenet that landed in Fourness And here it may not be improper to observe a mistake in the History of that King's reign where 't is affirm'd that Sir Tho. Broughton was slain at Stokefield whereas in truth he escap'd from that battel to
aa They are not both in this river but one in this and the other in the river Betham above Milchorp and has upon its Western bank a very populous town call Candale 1 Or Kâ—ndale or Kirkby-Candale i.e. a Church in the valley upon Can. It has two Streets crossing each other is very eminent for the woollen manufacture and the industry of the inhabitants who trade throughout all England with their woollen cloath Their greatest honour is 〈…〉 that Barons and Earls have taken their titles from the place The Barons were of the family of Ivo Taleboys of whose posterity William by consent of King Henry the second call'd himself William of Lancaster His 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 niece and heir was marry'd to Gilbert son of Roger Fitz-Reinfrid by whose daughters upon the death of William his son the estate came to Peter Brus the second Lord of Skelton of that Christian-name and William Lindsay from whom on the mother's side Ingelram Lord of Coucy in France 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 deriv'd his pedigree as I understood by the History of Fourness-Abbey By the daughter of this Peter Brus sister and heiress to Peter Brus the third the Barony descended to the Rosses of Werke and from them the honour was devolv'd hereditarily upon the Parrs 2 Of whom Sir William Parr was made Lord Par by King Henry 8. whose Castle over against the town is ready to drop down with age It has had three Earls 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 John Duke of Bedford advanc'd to that honour by his brother King Henry the fifth John Duke of Somerset and John de Foix descended from the noble family of the Foix in France whom King Henry the sixth rais'd to that dignity for his faithful service in the French wars Upon which account possibly it is that some of this family of Foix in France have still the sirname of Kendal c I know no other piece of Antiquity that Kendal can boast of Once indeed I was of opinion that it was the old Roman station Concangii but time has inform'd me better d 〈…〉 Lower in the river Can there are two Water-falls where the water is tumbled headlong with a hideous noise one at a little village call'd Levens another more Southward near Betham From these the neighbours draw certain prognostications of the weather for when the Northern one has a clear sound they promise themselves fair weather but when the Southern rain and mists And thus much of the Southern and more narrow part of this County bounded on the West with the river Winster and the spacious Lake mention'd but now call'd Winander-mere and on the east with the river Lone or Lune At the upper corner of this Lake Winander-mere Ambleside lyes the carcass as it were of an ancient City with large ruins of walls and scatter'd heaps of rubbish without the walls The Fort has been of an oblong figure fortify'd with a ditch and rampire in length 132 Ells and in breadth 80. That it was a work of the Romans the British bricks the mortar temper'd with small pieces of bricks the little Urns or Pots the Glass Vials the Roman Coins commonly met with the round stones like Mill-stones of which †Coagmentatis soder'd together they us'd formerly to make Pillars and the pav'd ways leading to it are all an undeniable Evidence But the old name is quite lost unless one should imagine from the present name Ambleside that this was the Amboglana Ambolgana mention'd by the Notitia e Towards the East the river Lone is the limit and gives its name to the adjoyning tract Lonsdale i.e. a vale upon the Lone the chief town whereof is Kirkby Lonsdale whither the neighbouring Inhabitants resort to Church and Market Above the head of the Lone the Country grows wider and the Mountains shoot out with many windings and turnings between which there are here and there exceeding deep vallies and several places hollow'd like so many deep or caves f The noble river of Eden Eden call'd by Ptolemy Ituna Ituâ—a b It arises in Westmorland at a place call'd Hugh seat Morvil or Hugh Morvil's hill from one of that name sometimes Lord of Westmorland Out of the same hill there run two other great rivers on Yorkshire-side Eure and Swale rising in Yorkshire has at first only a small stream but increasing gradually by the confluence of several little rivers seeks a passage through these Mountains to the North-west by Pendragon-Castle c See Skipton in the Additions to the West-Riding of Yorkshire to which age has left nothing but the name and a heap of great stones g Then it runs by Wharton-hall the seat of the Barons of Wharton Wharton-hall Lords Wharton the first whereof was 3 Sir Thomas Wharton Thomas advanc'd to that honour by King Henry the Eighth To him succeeded his son of the same name who was succeeded by Philip the present Lord a person of great honour h Next by Kirby-Stephen or Stephen's Church a noted market and so by two little villages call'd Musgrave Musgrave that gave name to the warlike family of the Musgraves i of which Thomas Musgrave in the time of Edward the third was summon'd to Parliament among the Barons their seat was Heartly-Castle Heartly-Castle hard by Here the Eden as it were stops its course that it may receive some rivulets upon one of which scarce two miles from Eden it self stood Verterae Verterae an ancient town mention'd by Antoninus and the Notitia From the latter of these we learn that in the decline of the Roman Empire a Praefect of the Romans quarter'd there with a band of the Directores Now the town it self is dwindl'd into a little village defended with a small Fort and its name pass'd into Burgh Burgh under Stane-more Veget. l 4. c. 10. for it is call'd Burgh under Stane-more i.e. a Burrow under a stony Mountain Under the later Emperours to observe it once for all the little Castles which were built for the emergent occasions of war and stor'd with provisions began to be call'd Burgi a new name which after the translation of the Empire into the East the Germans and others seem to have taken from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And hence the Burgundians have their name from inhabiting the Burgi Orosius for so that age call'd the Dwellings planted at a little distance one from another along the Frontiers I have read nothing of it but that in the beginning of the Norman Government 4 The Northern English the English form d a Conspiracy here against William the Conquerour I durst almost affirm that this Burgh was the old Verterae both because the distance on one side from Levatrae and on the other from Brovonacum if resolv'd into Italian miles does exactly agree with the number assign'd by Antoninus and also because a Roman military way still visible by its high ridge or
14 thick set almost in a direct line and at equal distances for a mile together They seem design'd to preserve the memory of some Action or other but the injury of Time has put it beyond all possibility of pointing out the particular occasion Upon Loder there is a place of the same denomination which as Strickland not tar off has given name to an ancient and famous family u Lower down w at the confluence of Loder and Eimot was dug up in the year 1602. this stone set up in memory of Constantine the Great IMP. C. VAL. CONSTANTINO PIENT AVG. After Eimot has been for some space the bound between this County and Cumberland x near Isanparles Isâ—â—pâ— a rock well known in the neighbourhood which Nature hath made of such a difficult ascent with several caverns also and windings as if she design'd a retreat for the distress'd in troublesome times it throws its own waters with those of other rivers into Eden a few miles below having first receiv'd the little river Blencarne the bound on this side between Westmorland and Cumberland upon which I understood there were the vast ruins of a Castle call'd the Hanging walls of Marcantoniby Hanging-â—aâ—ls of Marcantoâ—â—y that is as they tell you of Mark Antony 〈◊〉 Term. Mâ—â—h R. 6. 〈◊〉 l. 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Vipants The h That both Ralph Meschines and Hugh de Morvil with some others of that family were Lords of Westmorland before Robert de Vipont Mr. Machel has discover'd from Records and will prove at large in his Antiquities of this County The present Lord is the right honourable Thomas Tufton Earl of Thanet to which family it descended from their ancestors the Viponts and Cliffords first Lord of Westmorland that I know of was Robert de Veteri ponte or Vipont who bore in a shield gules six Annulets Or. For King John gave him the Bailiwick and revenues of West morland by the service of four Knights whereupon the Cliffords his successors held the Sheriffdom of Westmorland down to our age For Robert the last of the Viponts left only two daughters 6 Isabel Sybil wife of Roger Lord Clifford and Idonea wife of 7 Sir Roger. Roger de Leybourne A long while after King Richard 2. created Ralph de Nevil or New-Ville Lord of Raby a person of a very noble and ancient English Pedigree being descended from Uhtred E. of Northumberland first E. of Westmorland Earls of Westmorland whose posterity 8 By his former wife Margaret by his first wife M. daughter of the Earl of Stafford enjoy'd this honour till Charles hurry'd on by a boundless Ambition violating his duty to Queen Elizabeth and his Country 9 And covering treason under the mantle of Religion fix'd an eternal mark of infamy upon this noble family cast a blot upon his own dignity 10 By actual Rebellion in the year 1599. and leaving his native country liv'd and dy'd very miserably in the Netherlands His issue by the second wife Katharine daughter of John of Gaunt D. of Lancaster became so famous and numerous that almost at the same time there flourish'd of it 11 Beside the Earl of Westmorland the Earl of Salisbury the Earl of Warwick the Earl of Kent the Marquis of Montacute 12 A Duke of Bedford Baron Latimer and Baron Abergevenny In this County are i In the bottom of Westmorland are 25. and in the Barony of Kendal 7. Besides these there is a great number of Chapels of ease many of which are fallen to decay 26 large Parishes ADDITIONS to WESTMORELAND a IN the general description of this County Mr. Camden seems to have taken his measures only from one part of it For travelling from Lancaster through the Barony of Kendal to Workington in Cumberland he met with little in his road besides great mountains with here and there a Valley between and so took an estimate of the whole from that part imagining probably that the more southerly corner was like to be as good at least if not better than the rest But had he gone directly northward he would have found reason to change his opinion the Barony of Westmorland commonly call'd the bottom of Westmorland from it's low situation being a large open champain country in length not less than 20 miles and in breadth about 14. And so far is it from being uncultivated that it affords great plenty of arable grounds and those good store of corn Nor do Mores in the northern parts signifie wild barren mountains but generally Common of pasture in opposition to Mountains or Fells So that in the Barony of Kendal where they have most Mountains there are few or no Mores their Commons being generally call'd Fells and in the bottom of Westmorland there are few mountains except that ridge which bounds the Country like a rampire or bulwark but very many Mores which yet are so far from being uncapable of improvement that most of them have been formerly plow'd as the ridges appearing do assure us If the whole Country therefore were to be deriv'd from barren mountains we might say with more reason that it had the name from lying westward of that long ridge of hills which Mr. Camden calls the English Apennine As for the story of King Marius tho' our Author perhaps justly rejects it so far as 't is urg'd for giving name to this County yet we must not be too hasty in exploding the whole matter of fact as fabulous since the ‖ 〈…〉 â—2 learned Primate of Armagh has said so much in favour of it Before we descend to a particular Survey we may observe that the Gentlemens houses in this County are large and strong and generally built Castle-wise for defence of themselves their Tenants and their goods whenever the Scots should make their inroads which before the time of King James 1. were very common That it is divided into the Barony of Kendal and the Barony of Westmorland we have before hinted These two parts belong to two several Dioceses the former to Chester the latter to Carlisle In each we find with two Wards several Deanries Parishes and Constablewicks but no Hundreds possibly because in ancient times these parts paid no Subsidies being sufficiently charg'd in Border service against the Scots b On the south side lies Milthrop Milthrop the only sea-town in this County tho' the commodities which are imported are brought hither only in small vessels from Grange in Lancashire And near it Levens Levens where is a fair stone bridge over the river Kent on the south-side of which river are still to be seen the ruins of an ancient round building now call'd Kirks-head which is said to have been anciently a Temple dedicated to Diana And not far from it appear the ruins of another building which seems to have belong'd to the same place In the Park which is well stor'd with Fallow-deer and almost equally divided by
in Northumberland As for the odd stories of the common people concerning this wall I purposely omit them but one thing there is which I will not keep from the Reader because I had it confirm'd by persons of good credit There is a perswasion among most of the neighbourhood handed down by Tradition that the Roman garisons upon the frontiers planted in these parts abundance of Medicinal Plants Mediâ—â— Planâ—â— for their own use Whereupon the Scotch Emperick Surgeons come to gather them every year in the beginning of Summer the vertue whereof having found by long experience they magnifie very much and affirm it to be very soveraign ee ADDITIONS to CVMBERLAND a CUmberland in Saxon Cumbra land and Cumer-land and by Simeon Dunelmensis Cumbreland tho' generally thought to be deriv'd from the ancient Cambri is yet by a * Sâ—mâ—â—r in Glâ—slar ad X. Script late learned Author fetch'd from our Cumber with relation to the lakes and mountains that encumber it and make it difficult for travellers to pass †Dugd. Bar. Vol. 1. p. 5. The County is not rated in Domesday-book being in William the Conqueror's time miserably harass'd and destroy'd by the Scots b To go along with our Author The first Lords of Millum Millum stil'd themselves de Millum as William de Millum and Henry de Millum about Henry the first 's time But in the time of Henry the third the heiress of Adam de Millum transferr'd it by marriage to her husband John Hudleston whose posterity now enjoys it c The stones mention'd by our Author upon Hardknott Hardknott are possibly the ruins of some Church or Chapel built upon the mountain For Wormius in his Danish Monuments gives instances of the like in Denmark and it was thought an extraordinary piece of devotion upon the planting of Christianity in these parts to erect Crosses and build Chapels in the most eminent places as being both nearer Heaven and more conspicuous they were commonly dedicated to St. Michael That large Tract of Mountains on the East-side of the County call'd Cross-Fells had the name given them upon that account for before they were call'd Feinds-Fell or Devils-Fell and Dilston a small town under them is contracted from Devil's Town d On the bank of the river Irt is the Manour and Town of Irton Iâ—ton or Irtindale now in the possession of an ancient family of that name of which Radulphus de Irton Bishop of Carlisle A. D. 1280. was a branch The Muscle-Pearls are frequently found in other rivers hereabouts as also in Wales and foreign Countries Sir John Narborough in his late Voyage to the Magellanick Straits A. D. 1670. tells us he met with many of them there Abundance of Muscles says he pag. 7. and many Seed pearls in every Muscle And Sir Richard Hawkins who had been there before him affirms the same thing in his Observations printed 1622. p. 88. adding also that the Muscles are very good Diet. There is lately a Patent granted to some Gentlemen and others for Pearl-fishing in this river but whether it will turn to any account is uncertain for they are not very plentiful here and if they are a valuable commodity they might be had in abundance and at no extraordinary charge from the Straits of Magellan Tacitus in the Life of Agricola takes notice that the British Pearls are subfusca ac liventia but that character ought not to have been given in general terms Bede's account Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 1. is more just where he says they are of all colours Those that are not bright and shining and such indeed are the most of what we meet with in Irt Inn c. are usually call'd Sand-pearl which are as useful in Physick as the finest tho' not so valuable in beauty The great Naturalist of our Age Dr. Lister de Cochl Fluv sect 2. says he has found sixteen of those in one Muscle and asserts of 'em all that they are only Senescentium Musculorum vitia e At S. Bees the holy Virgin S. Bega S. Bâ—â—â— is said to have founded a Nunnery but it does not appear that 't was ever endow'd or that it continued for any time as a voluntary Society It is probable enough that 't was ruin'd and dispers'd in the civil wars before the Conquest and that the Priory of Benedictines built and endow'd afterwards by William de Micenis was in the same place Here is a good Grammar-school founded and endow'd by Edmund Grindal Archbishop of Canterbury born here It has a Library belonging to it and is much improv'd by the munificence of Dr. Lamplugh late Archbishop of York Dr. Smith the present Bishop of Carlisle Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven and others The right of presenting a Master is in the Provost and Fellows of Queen's College in Oxford to which Society its Founder was also a considerable Benefactor Below S. Bees is White-haven Wâ—â—â—â— hâ—â— so call'd from the white rocks and cliffs that are near it 'T is chiefly beholden for it's improvement to Sir John Lowther who takes his title of distinction from it and has a considerable estate there f To Keswick â—â—â—ck and the Parish of Crosthwait in which it lyes was given a considerable benefaction for the erecting of a Manufacture-house and maintaining the Poor by Sir John Banks Knight Attorney General temp Car. 1. who as I take it was born here The Charity is still preserv'd and well dispos'd of g Upon the Font at Bridekirk â—ekiâ—k it seems very plain that the figures are no other than the Pictures of S. John Baptist and our Saviour baptized by him in the river Jordan the descent of the Holy Ghost in the shape of a Dove is very plain As to the Inscription what our Author was puzl'd with has been since discover'd by the ingenious and learned Antiquary Mr. William Nicolson Arch-deacon of Carlisle who some years ago express'd his thoughts of it at large in the following Letter to Sir William Dugdale Honour'd Sir Carlile Nov. 23. 1685. MY Worthy and good Lord our Bishop was lately pleased to acquaint me that you were desirous to have my thoughts of the Inscription on the Font at Bridekirk in this County I am Sir extremely conscious of the rashness of bringing any thing of mine to the view of so discerning an Antiquary but withal very tender of disobeying so great and worthy a person I know you were pleased to make your own observations upon it in your visitation of these parts when Norroy and I shall hope that you will give me an opportunity of rectifying by yours my following conjectures 1. The Fabrick of this Monument does I think fairly enough evince that 't is Christian and that it is now used to the same purpose for which it was at first designed Mr. Camden tho' not acquainted with the Characters of the Inscription yet seems to fancy thus much and for proof of his opinion brings a notable
whereof one was rebuilt at the publick charge of the Corporation A. D. 1682. and endow'd with sixty pounds per annum whereof thirty is for the maintenance of a Catechetical Lecturer who is to expound the Catechism of the Church of England every Sunday and to preach a Sermon every first Wednesday in the month Twenty pounds are assign'd to a Schoolmaster and ten to an Usher who are to prepare the Children of the Parish for the said Lecture Besides which the Town pays yearly 580 l. towards the maintenance of their Vicar and those Lecturers and Curates that are under him s Both it s Wealth and Commerce are wonderfully encreas'd since Camden's time The Coal-trade is incredible and for other Merchandice Newcastle is the great Emporium of the northern parts of England and of a good share of Scotland The publick Revenue is also wonderfully advanc'd of late years for which the Town is in a great measure indebted to the provident care and good management of its two great Patriots Sir William Blacket Baronet and Timothy Davison Esquire Aldermen t At Fenham a little village in the parish of Newcastle there are now some Coal-pits on fire which have burn'd for several years The flames of this subterraneous fire are visible by night and in the day-time the track of it may be easily follow'd by the Brimstone which lies on the surface of the Earth Newcastle has afforded the title of Earl to Lodowick Stewart Duke of Lennox and Earl of Richmond created in May 1604. But in the year 1627. this title was conferr'd upon William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle who was afterwards in 1643. created Marquiss of Newcastle and the year following Duke of Newcastle In 1676. he was succeeded by his son Henry Cavendish But of late the right honourable John Holles Earl of Clare was created Duke of this place by his present Majesty u The Rutarii Rutarii or Ruptarii are not only mention'd by our Historians in the reign of King John but before his time in the reign of Hen. 2. and after it under Hen. 3. By all the accounts we have of 'em it appears they were mercenary German Troops Now in the High-Dutch Rott whence our English Rout is a Company of Soldiers Rotten or Rottiren to muster Rottmeister a Corporal c. That from hence we are to fetch the true original of the word we are sufficiently taught by Will. Neubrigensis who liv'd and wrote his History in the times of these Rutars Rex says he stipendiarias Brabantionum copias quas Rutas vocant accersivit lib. 2. c. 27. Dr. Wats is therefore mistaken who in his Glossary derives the name from the German Reuter a Trooper or Horseman uu The Town of Morpeth together with Gilles-land c. came by Elizabeth sister and coheir of George the last Lord Dacre to her husband the Lord William Howard of Naworth third son to the Duke of Norfolk whose grandson Charles was soon after the Restauration of Charles the second created Earl of Carlisle and Viscount Morpeth Which Honours were inherited by his son Edward and are now enjoy'd by the most accomplish'd young Nobleman his grandson Charles the third Earl of Carlisle of this Family w At the famous Synod mention'd by our Author S. Cuthbert is said to have been chosen Bishop By the account that Bede and especially his Royal Paraphrast gives of the matter it looks more like a Parliament than a Synod for the Election is reported to have been mid anmodre geê§afunge ealra ê§aera Æ¿itena Now Æ¿itena in the Language of those times signifies Senators or Parliament-men who it seems unanimously chose him Bishop Bed Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 28. The meeting is indeed said to have been on the river Alne And yet I very much doubt whether this Twiford Twiford be in Northumberland and whether Archbishop Theodore ever came so far north There are a great many Twifords in the south of England The Legend of S. Cuthbert p. 17. says this Synod was held at Twiford upon Slu. x There never was any Covent or Monastery founded at Alnwick Alnwicâ— or near it by John Vescie There was indeed a Monastery of the Order of the Praemonstratenses founded by Eustachius Fitz-John Father of William de Vescie who had that sirname from his Mother an Heiress But this was done in the year 1147. long before the Carmelites were heard of in England John Bale who was sometime a Carmelite himself tells us the first Covent of that Order was founded at Holm Hull they now call it near Alnwick by Ralph Fresburn a Northumberland Gentleman who dy'd A. D. 1274. and was buried in this Covent See Bale de Script Brit. Cent. 4. c. 1. and J. Pitz. ad Ann. 1274. 'T is a wonder how our Author came to mistake thus since he uses some of Bale's very words and must doubtless have read his account Eustachius's Abbey is still to be seen at half a mile's distance from the Covent of Hull down the river â—â—â—staâ—â—â—ge y Within the Circuit of the old Castle of Dunstaburge grew lately 240. Winchester Bushels of Corn besides several Cart-loads of Hay 'T is now famous for Dunstaburgh-Diamonds a sort of fine Spar which seems to rival that of St. Vincent's Rock near Bristol z I do not think Bede himself ever gave out that Etymology about Bebba No mention of it in the Saxon But 't is there call'd cynelican byrig i.e. a Royal Mansion and 't is also said that it was miserably wasted by Penda the Pagan King of the Mercians who had certainly burnt it had not the Prayers of Bishop Aidan happily interpos'd Bede lib. 3. capp 12. 16. It was afterwards totally ruin'd and plunder'd by the Danes A. D. 933. Yet as ruinous as it now is the Lord of the Manour William Forster Esq still holds here in a corner of it his Courts of Leet and Baron Florence of Worcester seems to me to have been the first contriver of the story of Queen Bebba See Sir H. Spelman's Gloss in Beria After Mowbray's flight mention'd by our Author and his being taken at Tinmouth the Castle of Bamborough was stoutly maintain'd by Morael his Steward and Kinsman till the Earl himself was by the King's order brought within view of the Fort and threatned with the having his eyes put out in case the besieged held out any longer Whereupon it was immediately surrender'd and Morael for his bravery receiv'd into the King's Court and Favour See the Saxon. Chron. ad Ann. 1095. aa The Improvements in Tillage at Rock by John Salkeld Esq and in Gardening and Fruitery at Falladon by Samuel Salkeld Gent. both in the Parish of Emildon ought here to be mention'd as Fineries hardly to be equall'd on the North-side of Tyne The latter is the more observable because an eminent Author of this Age will hardly allow any good Peaches Plumbs Pears c. to be expected beyond Northamptonshire whereas Fruit is produc'd here in
Gareock and Strath-Bogie-Land A small part of Buchan Strathdovern Boyn Einzie Strath Awin and Balvenie The East part of Murray The West part of Murray Badenoch Lochabir and the south part of Ross A small part of Ross lying on the south side of Cromartie-Frith The rest of Ross with the Isles of Sky Lewis and Herris Sutherland and Strathnavern Cathness Beside the Stewartries mentioned by our Author there is that of Orkney which contains all the Isles of Orkney and Zetland The Constabularie of Hadington contains East-Lothian To pursue Mr. Camden's method in his general Description of England it will be necessary to give a scheme of the bounds and extent of the several Dioceses of this kingdom Diocese of St. Andrews Glasgow Edinburgh Dunkeld Aberdeen Murray Brichin Dumblam Ross Cathness Orkney Galloway Argile The Isles Contains Part of Perthshire and part of Angus and Mernes The shires of Dunbarton Ranfrew Air Lanerick part of the shires of Roxburgh Dumfreis Peebles and Selkirk The shires of Edinburgh Linlithgow part of Strivelingshire Berwick-shire the Constabularie of Hadington and Bailery of Lauderdale The most part of Perthshire part of Angus and part of West-Lothian Most part of Bams-shire and part of Mernis The shires of Elgin Nairn and part of Inverness and Bamf-shire Part of Angus and Mernis Part of Perth and Striveling-shires The shire of Tain Cromertie and the greatest part of Inverness-shire Cathness and Sutherland All the Northern Isles of Orkney and Zetland The shire of Wigton the Stewartrie of Kircudbright the Regality of Glentrurie and part of Dumfries-shire Argile Lorn Kintyre and Lohaber with some of the West Isles Most of the west Isles Under this Constitution the Government was thus 1. In every Parish the cognizance of some scandals belong'd to the Session a Judicature compos'd of the greatest and worthiest persons in each parish where the Minister presided ex officio 2. But if the Case prov'd too intricate it was referred to the Presbyterie a superior Judicature consisting of a certain number of Ministers between 12 and 20 who met almost every fortnight The Moderator herein was nam'd by the Bishop and besides the censures they inflicted 't was by them that such as enter'd into Orders were solemnly examined The Presbyteries are these that follow Dunce Chernside Kelso Ersilton Jedburgh Melross Dumbar Hadington Dalkeith Edinburgh Peebles Linlithgow Perth Dunkeld Auchterarder Striveling Dumblane Dumfreis Penpont Lochmabane Midlebie Wigton Kircudbright Stranraver Aire Irwing Paselay Dumbarton Glasgow Hamilton Lanerick Biggar Dunnune Kinloch Inerary Kilmore Sky St. Andrews Kirkaldy Cowper Dumfermelin Meegle Dundee Arbroth Forfar Brichen Mernis Aberdeen Kinkardin Alfoord Gareoch Deir Turref Fordyce Ellon Strathbogie Abernethie Elgin Forres Aberlower Chanrie Tayn Dingwell Dornoch Week Thurso Kirkwal Scaloway Colmkill 3. Above this was the Provincial-Synod who met twice a year in every Diocese and had the examination of such cases as were referred to them by the Presbyteries here the Bishop presided ex officio 4. Above all was the Convocation when the King pleas'd to call it wherein the Archbishop of St. Andrews presided And besides these every Bishop for the cases of Testaments c. had his Official or Commissary who was judge of that Court within the Diocese Of these Edenburgh had four the rest one But since Presbyterie has been introduced the Church-government stands thus 1. They also have their Parochial Sessions but with this difference that though the Minister presides yet a Lay-man a Bailie ordinarily assists 2. In their Presbyteries they chose their own Moderator to preside 3. They have their Synod or Provincial Assembly but without a constant head for every time they meet they make choice of a new Moderator 4. Their General Assembly this consists of two members from every Presbytery and one Commissioner from each University The King too has his Commissioner there without whose consent no Act can pass and before they be in force they must be also ratify'd by the King Thus much of the several Divisions of Scotland As to the Orders and Degrees of this Kingdom there appears no alteration in them since our Author's time and if any one desires to have a more particular information in their Courts of Justice and Methods of Proceeding a separate Treatise upon this subject written by the Learned Sir George Makenzy late Lord Advocate of Scotland will give him ample satisfaction The Degrees of SCOTLAND THE Government of the Scots as that of the English consists of a King Nobility and Commonalty The King to use the words of their own Records is directus totius Dominii Dominus direct Lord of the whole Dominion or Domain and hath Royal Authority and Jurisdiction over all the States of his Kingdom as well Ecclesiastick as Laick Next to the King is his Eldest Son who is stiled Prince of Scotland and by a peculiar right is Duke of Rothsay and Steward of Scotland But the rest of the King's Children are called simply Princes Amongst the Nobles the greatest and most honorable were in old times the Thanes Thanes that is if I have any judgment those who were ennobled only by the office which they bore for the word in the antient Saxon signifies The King's Minister Of these they of the higher rank were called Ab-thanes of the lower Under-Thanes But these Names by little and little grew out of use ever since King Malcolm the 3. conferred the Titles of Earls and Barons borrow'd out of England from the Normans upon such Noblemen as had deserv'd them Since when in process of time new Titles of Honour have been much taken up and Scotland as well as England hath Dukes Marquisses Earls Viscounts and Barons Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscoun◠Barons As for the title of Duke the first that brought it into Scotland was Robert the Third about the year of our Lord 1400 as the honourable titles of Marquiss and Viscount were lately brought in by our most gracious Sovereign King James the sixth These are accounted Nobles of a higher degree and have both place and voice in Parliaments and by a special name together with the Bishops are called Lords Amongst the Nobles of a lower degree in the first place are Knights Knight◠who are certainly made with greater solemnity than any where else in Europe by taking of an Oath and being proclaim'd publickly by the Heralds In the second are those who are called Lairds Lairds and commonly without any addition Barons amongst whom none were antiently reckoned but such as held immediately from the King Lands in Capite and had the * Powe◠hang 〈◊〉 Jus Furcarum In the third place are such as being descended of Honourable Families and dignify'd with no certain title are term'd Gentlemen Gentlemen All the rest as Citizens Merchants Artificers c. are reckoned among the Commons The COURTS of JUSTICE THE supream Court as well in dignity as authority is accounted the Assembly of the States of the Kingdom which is called a
High-street to serve the town with water There is here also a College of Justice which hath its Dean of faculty They try their Intrants or Candidates and have a Bibliotheque well furnished with Books of Law and History King Charles the second did likewise erect at Edinburg a College of Physicians giving them by a Patent under the Great Seal an ample Jurisdiction within this City and the Liberties thereof appointing the Judicatures to concur to the execution of their Decreets by a latter Grant they have the faculty of professing Physick They have their conferences once a month for the improvement of Medicine and have begun to erect a Library Near to this City is Leith a convenient harbour for Ships As this Country has at present several considerable Houses whereof Hawthornden is famous for its caves hewen out of the rock and Roslin for the * Vide Theatrâ—â— Scotiae stately Chapel so can it produce some remains of Antiquity For near the Town of Cramond at which Salmon and several other Fish are taken many stones have been dug up with Roman Inscriptions Also in the grounds of Inglistown belonging to Hugh Wallace were found not long ago two stones parts of a Pillar upon one of which is a Lawrel-Crown upon the other the longest of the two there is on each side the Roman Securis The name of the Emperor is broken off but by the progress of the Roman Arms described by Tacitus it appears to have been set up in the time of Julius Agricola's government And since only the Emperor's name is struck off and it appears that by order of the Senate the Statues and Inscriptions of Domitian were defaced one may probably conclude that 't was erected in honour of that Emperor What remains of it is this AVG. COS. IV. GERMANICVS PONTIFEX MAX. These Stones are to be seen in the Garden at Edinburgh belonging to Sir Robert Sibbalds Doctor of Physick Next the Antiquities * Scotia Ilustrat Cap. 10. p 24. that noted spring two miles south of Edinburgh deserves our notice The name of it is St. Catharine's-Well though 't is commonly call'd The Oily Well because it sends up along with the water an Oil or Balsom which swims upon it 'T is found by experience to be exceeding good not only for the cure of Scabs but likewise of any pains proceeding from cold as also for strengthening and putting life into any decaying part It has two Presbyteries Edinburg and Dalkeith f The Shire of LINLITHGOW call'd West-Lothian West-Lotâ—ian takes it's name from Linlithgow the head burgh and has on the north the Forth is divided from Mid-Lothian toawrds the south and east by the waters of Almond and Breichwater to the north-west it meeteth with part of Stirlingshire and to the west with part of Clidisdale 'T is in length 14 miles and in breadth about nine It affords great plenty of Coal Lime-stone and of White Salt and in the reign of King James 6. a Silver Mine was found in it out of which they got a great deal of Silver The Town of Linlithgow â—â—nlithâ—â—w mentioned by our Author * â—heatr â—â—â—â—ae is a Royal-burgh well built and is accommodated with Fountains that furnish water to the Inhabitants with a stately Town-house for the meeting of the Gentry and Citizens and with a harbour at Blackness But it 's greatest ornament is the King's house which stands upon a rising ground that runs almost into the middle of the Loch and looks like an Amphitheater having Terras-walks as it were and a descent from them but upon the top where the Castle stands it is a plain The Court has apartments like towers upon the four corners and in the midst of it a stately fountain adorned with several curious statues the water whereof rises to a good height The Levingstons Earls of this place are hereditary Keepers of it as they are also hereditary Bailifs of the King's Bailifry and hereditary Constables of the King's Castle of Blackness Near the Palace upon a level with it stands the Church a curious work of fine stone Nor ought we to omit Borrostoness â—â—â—â—â—stoâ—â—â—â— north from hence upon the sea-coast erected into a burgh of Regality by his Grace the Duke of Hamilton who hath in the neighbourhood his castle of Kineil of late adorned with large Parks and stately Avenues Torphichen â—â—â—phiâ—â—â—n to the south of Linlithgow deserves also our notice as being a burgh of Regality and once the residence of the Knights of Malta but now giveth the title of Lord to the chief of the name of Sandilands And Bathgate Bathgate the parish whereof is erected into a Sherifdom by it self And as the Towns so also some Houses of note require our mention Nidry-Castle Nidry southwest from Linlithgow upon a river the Manor of Sir Charles Hope who by these lands is hereditary Bailif of the Regality of Kirkliston and by the Barony of Abercorn is hereditary Sheriff of the Shire And north from thence Dundass Dundass formerly a fortification now adorned with parks and fine gardens wherein are many curious Plants by the care of that worthy Gentleman Mr. Patrick Murray the owner thereof who whilst he lived was the ornament of his Countrey From whence to the west between this and Linlithgow is the Bins Bins the residence of General Dolzâ—ll adorned by his Excellence with Avenues large Parks and fine Gardens After he had procured himself a lasting name in the Wars here it was that he fix'd his old Age and pleased himself with the culture of curious Flowers and Plants And upon the same coast Medop Medop the residence of the Earl of Linlithgow famous likewise for its fine Gardens which the father of the present Earl enclosed with high walls furnish'd with Orange-trees and such like curious Exoticks But from the present places to descend to those of Antiquity at the east end of the enclosure of the Kipps Kipps south from Linlithgow there is an ancient Altar of great stones unpolish'd so placed as each of them does support another and no one could stand without leaning upon another Hard by it there are several great stones set in a Circle and in the two adjacent hills the remains of old Camps with great heaps of stones and ancient Graves Some miles also to the west of Queens-Ferry upon the sea-coast is Abercorn-Castle Abercorn Castle near which place Bede tells us the Roman wall began One may trace it along towards Cariddin where a figured stone is to be seen and a gold Medal was found In a line parallel about a mile to the south of this there is a Village which still keeps the remains of the old wall being called Walltoun From the name and the artificial Mount cast up there one would believe it to be the very place which Bede calls Penvalltoun The track of the wall appears in several places between this and Kinweill and from thence to
the south the Irish Sea upon the west the Frith of Clyde upon the north Carick and Kyle and to the north-east the river of Nith 'T is in length from North-east to South-west about seventy miles in breadth from North to South in some places 24 in others 20. and in others only sixteen It is divided into the Higher and Lower Country The Higher lyes between the water of Cree and the point or Mule making the Sheriffdom The Lower takes up the rest namely all upon the water of Cree making the Stewardry of Kilcumbright The plenty of pastures induces them to keep vast flocks of Sheep as also of Cows which they send into England in great numbers when there is no Prohibition b The second part of the Novantes is said to be the Sheriffdom of Aire so called from the Town of Aire the head Burgh of the shire though the north part of this tract seems rather to have belonged to the Damnii The country is bounded on the north by the Shire of Rainfrew on the south with Galloway on the east with Clidsdale and on the west with the Frith of Clyde It generally produces good store of Corn and Grass is very populous and the Inhabitants of it are exceeding industrious 'T is divided into three Baileries Carick Kyle and Cunningham The most considedrable Loch in it is that of Dun six mile in length and two in breadth with an Isle in it upon which is an old house call'd Castle-Dun Upon the Water Down is a bridge of one arch ninety foot long But the most noted place in these parts is Aire the chief market-town in the west of Scotland Theatr. Scot. * It 's situation is in a sandy plain yet hath it pleasant and fruitful fields with Greens which afford a good prospect both winter and summer The Church is stately enough and there is a bridge of four arches which joyns it to the New-Town seated on the north side of the water The ancient name of this Aire was St. John's Town but that is now lost By the King's Patent it is the Sheriff's Seat having within its Jurisdiction thirty two miles A mile north of the Town not far from the sea-shore there is a Lazer-house commonly called the King's Chapel which King Robert de Brus set apart for the maintenance of Lepers DAMNII BEyond the Novantes along the River Glotta and Cluyde and farther up even to the very Eastern sea dwelt the Damnii and if I have any judgment for who can give the certainty of things at such a distance and in so much obscurity in Cluydesdale the Barony of Renfraw Lenox Sterling Menteith and Fife CLVYDESDALE NEAR the head of the Cluyde Cluydesdale in Crawford-Moor among the wasts certain Husbandmen of the Country after violent Rains happened to find a sort of shavings of Gold which hath long given great hopes of much riches more especially in our times since B. Bulmer hath undertaken with great application to find out a Mine of Gold A Gold Mine They certainly dig up daily * Azurum the Lapis Lazuli with little or no labour Crawford-Castle together with the title of Earl of Crawford The Lindsays Earls of Crawford was conferr'd by K. Robert the 2. on James Lindesay who in a single Combat with Baron Welles an Englishman got much commendation for his valour The Lindsays have generally deserved well of their Country and are of antient Nobility ever since William Lindesay married one of the Heirs of William de Lancaster Lord of Kendal in England whose great grand-daughter was married into the honourable family of Coucy in France The Cluyd after with much strugling it hath forced its way Northward by the seat of Baron Somervill Baron Somervill receives from the West the river Duglas or Douglas so called of its dark greenish water This river gives name to the Valley through which it runs called Douglasdale and to the Castle therein which gives its name to the family of Douglass This family is very antient but hath been most eminent ever since James Douglas Douglass or Duglass stuck always very close to King Robert Brus and was ever ready with extraordinary courage and singular prudence to assist him while he claim'd the Kingdom in those troublesom times to him it was that the same Robert gave his heart in charge to be conveyed to the Holy Land for the performance of his Vow In memory whereof the Douglasses The Douglasses has inserted a Man's heart in their Coat of Arms. Since when this family hath grown up to such mighty power and greatness especially after William's being created Earl of Douglass by David the 2. that they have awed even the Kings themselves for almost at the same time it had six Earls of it viz. of this Douglas of Angus Ormond Wigton Murray and of Morton amongst whom the Earl of Wigton for his Martial valour and in requital of his good services was honour'd by K. Charles the 7. of France with the Title of Duke of Tourain Dukes Tours Touraâ—â— and left the same to two Earls of Douglass his heirs Above the confluence of the Douglas and the Cluyde lies Lanerick Sheriffdom oâ— Laneriâ—â— the hereditary Sheriffdom of the Hamiltons who owe their name to Hamilton-Castle seated somewhat higher upon the Cluyd's bank in a place extremely pleasant and fertile †* See 〈◊〉 of it inâ—â— Additâ—â—â— The Hâ—milton but their original is from England as they give out from a certain Englishman sirnamed Hampton who taking part with Robert Brus received from him large possessions in this tract Their Estate was much augmented by King James the 3d's liberality who gave his own eldest sister after he had taken her from Boid in marriage to James Hamilton together with the Earldom of Arran but their Honours by the States of the Kingdom who after the death of King James 5. ordained James Hamilton this Lord's Grandson Regent of Scotland who was likewise made Duke of Chasteau-Heralt Duke 〈◊〉 Chastâ—â—â— Heralâ— in Poictou by Henry the 2. King of France as also by K. James 6. who created his son John Marquiss of Hamilton Marquâ—â—â— Hamilâ—â—â— a title new and never us'd before in Scotland The Glotta or Cluyd runs from hence by Bothwell Earls Bothwâ—â—â— proud of its Earls viz. John Ramsey too great a creature of K. James the 3d's to his own and the Prince's ruin and the Hepburns of whom before Then it runs streight through Glasgow Glascoâ— antiently a Bishop's see but long discontinued till restored by K. William Now an Archbishoprick and an University Anno 1154. founded by Bishop Turnbull who for the advancement of Religion built a College here It is the most celebrated Mart of this Tract much commended for its pleasant situation and plenty of Fruit having also a handsome bridge supported with eight Arches * See the â—â—aditions Of which thus J. Johnson Non te Pontificum
luxus non Infula tantum Ornavit diri quae tibi causa mali Glottiadae quantum decorant Te Glascua Musae Quae celsum attollunt clara sub astra caput Glotta decus rerum piscosis nobilis undis Finitimi recreat jugera laeta soli Ast Glottae decus vicinis gloria terris Glascua faecundat flumine cuncta suo Not haughty Prelates e'er adorn'd thee so Nor stately Mitres cause of all thy woe As Cluyd's muses grace thy blest abodes And lift thy head among the deathless gods Cluyd great flood for plenteous fish renown'd And gentle streams that cheer the fruitful ground But happy Glascow Cluyd's chiefest pride Glory of that and all the world beside Spreads round the riches of her noble tide On this side the Cluyd upon its banks lies the Barony of Reinfraw Barons of Renfraw so called from its principal Town which may seem to be Ptolemy's Randvara Randvara on the River Cathcart upon which the antient Baron of Cathcart Barons Cathcart hath his habitation Near adjoyning for this little Province is full of Nobility lies Cruikston Cruikston antiently the seat of the Lords of Darley from whom by right of marriage it came to the Earls of Lenox whence Henry the Father of King James the 6. was call'd Lord Darley Halkead the residence of the Barons of Ros Barons of Roos descended originally of English bloud as deriving their Linage from that Robert Roos of Warke who left England and came under the Allegiance of the King of Scots Paslay Paslay formerly a famous Monastery founded by Alexander the 2d High Steward of Scotland inferior to few for its noble Church and rich furniture * See the Additions But now by the favour of K. James 6. it gives a seat and the title of Baron to Claud Hamilton a younger son of the Duke of Castle-Heralt And Sempill whose Lord is Baron Sempill Barons Sempil and by antient right Sheriff of this Barony But I have read that the title of Baron of Reinfraw by a peculiar right belongs to the Prince of Scotland b LENNOX ALong the other side of the Cluyd above Glascow Levinia or Lennox runs a long way Northward amongst a continued series of hills taking its name from the River Levin Ptolemy's Lelanonius â—â—â—â—noniâ—â— which falleth into the Cluyde out of Logh-lomund â—â—gh â—â—â—â—nd a Lake that dilates it self under the mountains twenty miles long and eight miles broad excellently well stocked with fish especially one sort peculiar to it â—â—e fish they call it Pollac It hath likewise many Islands in it concerning which there use to be many Traditional stories amongst the ordinary sort of people As for the Floating-Island here I shall not call the truth of it in question for what should hinder a body from swimming that 's dry and hollow like a pinace and lighter than ordinary â—â—â—i 〈◊〉 20. Pliny tells us that certain green Islands cover'd with reeds and rushes float up and down in the lake of Vadimon But I leave it to the Neighbours that know the nature of this place to be Judges whether this old Distick of our Nechâ—m be true or no Ditatur fluviis Albania saxea ligna Dat Lomund multa frigiditate potens Scotland's enrich'd with Rivers Timber thrown Into cold Lomund's waters turns to stone There are many Fishermens Cottages round about upon the banks of the Logh but nothing worth our notice except Kilmoronock â—â—â—â—oroâ—â—â—k a fine House of the Earl of Cassil seated upon the East side which hath a delicate prospect into the Logh But at the influx of the Levin out of the Logh into the Cluyde stands Al-Cluyd â—â—cluid so called by the antients Bede observes that it signifies the Rock Cluyde but I know not in what language Ar-Cluid in the British certainly signifies upon Cluid and Cluid in old English signify'd a Rock Succeeding ages call'd it Dunbritton â—â—â—britâ—â—â— that is the Britains Town and corruptly by a transposition of letters â—â—â—â—noâ—â—m Dunbarton because the Britains held it a long time against the Scots Picts and Saxons For both by nature and situation it is the strongest Castle in all Scotland fixt upon a craggy two-headed Rock at the confluence of the Rivers in a green plain Upon one of its heads stands a high Watch-Tower on the other which is somewhat lower many strong Towers It hath but one ascent to it and that on the North-side between the two heads having scarce room enough to pass one by one by steps cut out of the rock crosswise with a world of labour Upon the West-side the Levin upon the South the Cluyde serve instead of ditches Eastward lies a Morass which every Tide is wholly under water Towards the North it is very well secur'd by the steepness of its situation Here some remains of the Britains who as Gildas writes generally retreated for shelter and entrench'd themselves upon the tops of craggy inaccessible mountains in thick Forrests and Rocks upon the Sea shore presuming upon the natural strength of the place and their own Courage defended themselves after the departure of the Romans for 300 years in the very midst of their Enemies For in Bede's time as he himself writes it was the best fortify'd City the Britains had R. Hoveden But in the year 756. Eadbert King of Northumberland and Oeng King of the Picts with their joynt Forces shut it up on every side and drove it to that extremity that it was surrender'd upon Articles Of this place the Territory round about is called the Sheriffdom of Dunbarton and hath long had the Earls of Lennox for Sheriffs by inheritance Now as for the Earls of Lennox The Earls of Lennox not to mention those more antient one Duncan was Earl of Lennox in the Reign of Robert the 2. who died and left two only Daughters behind him One of which was marry'd to Alan Stewart Stewart who was descended from Robert a younger son of Walter the 2. High Steward of Scotland and a Brother of Alexander Stewart the 2. founder of the royal line of Scotland For this illustrious Family took its name from that Honourable Office of High Steward of the Kingdom that is he that had the charge of the Revenues of the Crown This Alan had issue John Earl of Lennox and Robert made Captain of the Scotch Guard du Corps Scotâ—h Guard du Corps in France first rais'd by the French King Charles the 6. in recompence of the good services that nation had done the Crown of France as also Lord of Aubigny in Auvergne by the same King as a reward of his valour John had issue Matthew Earl of Lennox who marry'd the daughter of James Hamilton by Mariona daughter to King James the 2. by whom he had John Earl of Lennox who taking up arms to deliver King James the 5. out of the hands of the Douglasses and Hamiltons was kill'd by
Incursions Of which work that is to say of a very broad and high wall certain footsteps are to be seen at this day This wall began as the Scots now report at the River Aven Ninius which falls into Edenborough Frith and having passed over that little River Carron reaches to Dunbritton But Bede as I said but now affirms that it begins in a place called Penvael that is in the Pictish tongue the head of the wall in the British Pen-gual in the English Pen-walton in the Scotch Cevall all which names are undoubtedly derived from the Latin Vallum and that the place is almost two miles from Abercurvig or Abercurning Aâ—ercorn It ends as the common people think at Kirk-Patrick the birth-place of St. Patrick the Irish Apostle near Cluyde according to Bede at Alcluyd and as Ninnius tells us at the City Pen-Alcloit which may seem to be all one But this Wall is commonly called Graham's Dyke â—â—aham's â—â—ke either from Graham a valiant Scot who signalized himself in breaking through it or from the Mountain Grampius at the foot whereof it is visible The Author of Rota Temporum calls it the Wall of Aber-corneth that is of the mouth of the River Corneth where in Bede's time there was a famous Monastery standing as he tells us on the English side of the Pale but near the Frith which divided the English Lands from those of the Picts Hard by this wall of turf where the River Carron cuts this Sterlingshire in sunder towards the left hand are to be seen two Mounts cast up which they call Duni Pacis â—â—ni paâ—â—â— 4 That is Knolls of peace Hol. and almost two miles lower †See the figure of this building under the Tttle Picts-wall at the end of Scotland an antient round piece of building 24 cubits high and 13 broad open in the top framed of rough stones without lime having the upper part of every stone so tenanted into the nether as that the whole work still rising narrow supports it self by a mutual interlacing Some call this the Temple of the God Terminus others who father every magnificent thing upon Arthur Arthur's Oven â—â—â—hur's â—â—en others call it Julius Hoff and suppose it was built by Julius Caesar but I should rather have thought by Julius Agricola who fortified this part a Hector Boeth l. 3. tells us from Veremundus that it was evident from an Inscription taken away by Edw. 1. that it was a Temple dedicated by Vespasian to the honour of Claudius Buchanan l. 4. in Reg. Donald mentions it and thinks it was a Temple of Terminus had not Ninius informed me that Carausius erected it for a Triumphal Arch. For he as Ninius writes built upon the bank of Carron a round house of polished stone erecting a triumphal Arch in memory of a victory and rebuilt the Wall and fortified it with seven Castles In the middle between Duni pacis and this piece of building on the right hand bank of Carron there is yet a confus'd appearance of a little antient City where the common people believe there was formerly a b There was an Anchor found some years ago a little to the West of the Duni pacis Road for ships they call it Camelot a name often used in King Arthur's story and contend but in vain that it is the Camalodunum mentioned by Tacitus from the name of the River Carron that runs under it c There are still to be seen the footsteps of the streeâ—s and some Vaults It may rather seem to be Coria Damniorum â—â—ria â—â—mnioâ—â—â— mentioned by Ptolemy And now take with you Buchanan that excellent Poet's verses upon this boundary of the Roman Empire at Carron Roma securigeris praetendit moenia Scotis Hic spe progressus posita Carronis ad undam Terminus Ausonii signat divortia Regni A frontier wall against the Scottish force The Romans rais'd nor farther urg'd their course Content to keep their own on Carron's shore They fix'd the bounds of their resisted power â—â—lander In this Sterlingshire on the East side we have a prospect of Callendar-Castle belonging to the Barons of Levingston â—â—â—ons Leâ—â—ngston And at Cumbernald hard by dwells the family of the Barons Fleming bestowed upon them by King Robert Brus for their good service in valiantly and loyally defending their country upon which account they also had conferred upon them the honour of Hereditary High-Chamberlains of Scotland And very lately the favour of King James 6. hath farther honoured this family with the title of Earl upon his creating J. Baron Fleming Earl of Wigton Fleming Earl of Wigton In the neighbourhood stands Elphingston honoured with its Barons who were advanced to that dignity by King James 4. and upon the crooked windings of the Forth Frith of Eden where it is capable of having a bridge stands Sterling commonly called Striveling and Sterling-Borough where upon the brow of a steep rock it is over-topt by a strong Castle of the Kings beautified with new buildings by King James 6. and hath been long under the command of the Lords of Ereskin as Castellans who have often had committed to them the charge and tuition of the Princes of Scotland during their Minority But they are much mistaken that think our good and lawful money of England commonly called Sterling-money Sterling-money takes its name from hence d See Somner's Glossary in the word Easterlingus for that denominatlon came from the Germans termed Easterlings by the English from their living Eastward who were first called in by K. John of England to reduce the Silver to its due fineness and such money in antient writings is always termed Easterling But Johnston's verses upon Sterling shall supply the rest Regia sublimis celsa despectat ab arce Pendula sub biferis moenia structa jugis Regum augusta parens Regum nutricula natis Hinc sibi Regifico nomine tota placet Hospita sed cuivis quovis sub nomine amicus Sive es seu non es hospes an hostis item Pro lucro cedit damnum Discordia tristis Heu quoties procerum sanguine tinxit humum Hoc uno infelix at felix caetera nusquam Laetior aut coeli frons geniusve soli The lofty palace with proud state looks down On circling walls that grace the subject town Mother and nurse to Prince's dearest cares And ever proud of the great name she bears But ah too fondly kind to friends and foes While none her hospitable seats refuse Such gains too oft' to fatal losses turn What fewds what slaughters must she ever mourn Hapless in this all other joys attend No purer air she owns no richer land And wealth and pleasure wait at her command About two miles hence the Banocbourn Banocburn runs between very high banks on both sides towards the Forth with a stream in the winter very e Rapidus in the Text but in the Errata
which they still keep of which leader they are to this day called Dalreudini Dalreudini for in their language Dal Dal. signifies a part And a little after Ireland says he is the proper Country of the Scots for being departed out of it they added unto the Britons and Picts a 3d Nation in Britain And there is a very good Arm of the sea or a bay that antiently divided the Nation of the Britons from the Picts which from the West breaketh a great way into the Land and there to this day standeth the strongest City of the Britons call'd Alcluith In the Northern part of which bay the Scots whom I now mentioned when they came got themselves room to settle in Of that name Dalreudin there are now extant no remains that I know of nor any mention of it in Writers unless it be the same with Dalrieta Dalrieâ—â— For in an old little book of the Division of Albany we read of one Kinnadius who 't is certain was a King of Scotland and subdu'd the Picts in these very words Kinnadius two years before he came into Pictavia so it calls the country of the Picts enter'd upon the government of Dalrieta Also there is mention made in a more modern History of Dalrea Dalrea hereabouts where King Robert Brus fought a battle with ill success K. James the 4. with consent of the States of the Kingdom enacted that Justice should be administred to this province by the Justices Itinerant at Perth whensoever the King should think convenient But the Earls themselves have in some cases their Jura Regalia who are persons of very great authority and of a mighty interest deriving their pedigree from the antient petty Kings of Argile through an infinite series of Ancestors and taking their sirname from their Castle Cambel But they are oblig'd to King James the 2. for the honour and title of Earl who as it is recorded created Colin Lord Cambel Earl of Argile Earls oâ— Argile in regard to his own virtue and the dignity of his Family Whose Posterity by the favour of their Kings have been a good while General Justices of the Kingdom of Scotland or according to their way of expressing it Justices generally constitute and Great Masters of the King's Houshold e CANTIRE LOgh-Finn Logh-Finn a Lake that in the season produces incredible sholes of herrings divides Argile from a Promontory which for about 30 miles together growing by little and little into a sharp point thrusts it self with such a seeming earnestness towards Ireland separated from it by a narrow streight of scarce 13 miles as if it would call it over to it Ptolemy names this the Promontory of the Epidii Epidium between which name and the Islands Ebudae opposite to it methinks there is some affinity It is now called in Irish which language they use in all this Tract Can-tyre that is the Land's head 'T is inhabited by the family of Mac-Conell very powerful here but yet at the command of the Earl of Argile they sometimes in their Vessels make excursions for booty into Ireland and have possessed themselves of those little Provinces they call Glines and Rowte This Promontory lieth close to Knapdale by so small a neck of land being scarce a mile over and sandy too that the Sea-men by a short cut as it were transport their vessels over land from the Ocean to Logh-Finn Which a man would sooner beelieve than that the Argonautes laid their Argos upon their shoulders and carried it along with them 500 miles 10 From Aemonia to the shores of Thessalia f LORN SOmewhat higher lies Lorn towards the North a Country producing the best Barley divided by Logh-Leave a vast Lake upon which stands Berogomum Beâ—ogoâ—um a Castle wherein the Courts of Justice were antiently kept and not far from it Dunstafag that is Stephen's Mount antiently a seat of the Kings above which is Logh-Aber â—â—gh-â—â—â—r a Lake insinuating it self so far into the land out of the Western sea that it would meet the Lake of Ness which empties it self into the Eastern Ocean did not the hills which lie between separate them by a very narrow neck The chiefest place in this tract is Tarbar in Logh-Kinkeran where K. James 4. by authority of Parliament constituted a Justice and Sheriff to administer justice to the inhabitants of the Southern Isles These Countrys and these beyond them were in the year of Our Lord 605. held by those Picts which Bede calls the Northern Picts where he tells us that in the said Year Columbanus a Priest and Abbot Lib. 3. ca. 4. famous for the profession of Monkery came out of Ireland into Britain to instruct those in the Christian Religion that by the high and fearful ridges of mountains were sequester'd from the Southern Countrys of the Picts and that they in requital granted him m It does not appear that the Western-Isles belong'd to the Picts at that time so that they could not dispose of any part of them 'T is more probable that it was Hoia one of the Orkney-Isles the Island Hii lying over against them now call'd I-comb-kill of which in its proper place Its Stewards in the last Age were the Lords of Lorn but now by a female heir it is come to the Earls of Argile who always use this among their other titles of honour BRAID ALBIN MORE inwardly amongst the high and craggy ridges of the mountain Grampius where they begin a little to slope and settle downwards lies Braid-Albin n Now an Earldom in the family of the Campbels that is the highest part of Scotland For they that are the true and genuine Scots call Scotland in their Mother-Tongue Albin as that part where it rises up highest Drum-Albin that is the Ridge of Scotland But in a certain old Book it is read Brun-Albin where we find it thus written Fergus the son of Eric was the first of the seed of Chonare that enter'd upon the Kingdom of Albany from Brun-Albain to the Irish-sea and Inch-Gall And after him the Kings of the race of Fergus reigned in Brun-Albain or Brunhere unto Alpinus the son of Eochal But this Albany is better known for its Dukes than the fruits of its ground The first Duke of Albany that I read of 〈◊〉 of â—â—â—â—ny was Robert Earl of Fife advanced to that honour by his Brother K. Robert the 3. of that name yet he spurr'd on by ambition most ungratefully starved to death David this very brother's son and next heir to the Crown But the punishment due to this wicked fact which himself by the forbearance of God felt not came heavy upon his son Mordac or Murdo second Duke of Albany who was condemned for treason and beheaded after he had seen his two sons executed in like manner the day before The third Duke of Albany was Alexander 2. son of King James 2. who being Regent of the Kingdom Earl of
Potentate in these parts 40 Was Mac-Gwir untill he overthrew himself and his State in the late rebellion is b Macguire Mac Gwire Those of this family live on both sides this lake so that they on the other side are reckoned of Ulster and they on this of Conaght The County of MONAGHAN ON the east side of the Lough Erne lyes the County of Monaghan mountainous and woody It has not so much as one remarkable town in it besides Monaghan which gives name to the whole County This shire is divided into five Baronies and contains Iriel Dartre Fernlis Loghty which were taken from the rebellious Mac-Mahons Mac Mahon by Act of Parliament together with the territory of Donemain given by Queen Elizabeth to Walter D'evereux Earl of Essex These Mac-Mahons a name signifying in Irish the sons of Ursus have long governed these parts and are descended from Walter Fitz Urse Fitz-Urse who had a hand in the murder of S. Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury The greatest man of this family according to the custom of this nation was wont to Lord it over all the rest under the title of Mac-Mahon And lately while in competition for this soveraignty they fell to raillery fighting bribing and other foul practises they drew the Lord Deputy 41 Sir William William Fitz-Williams among them 159â— who cited Hugh Roe Mac-Mahon whom by his authority he had advanced to this Seigniory found him guilty and ordered him to be hang'd and that he might suppress the name and sovereignty of these Mac-Mahons for ever he divided the territory between the relations of the said Hugh and certain English men to have and to hold to them and their heirs after the English manner of tenure The County of ARMAGH ON the east side also of this Lough lyes the County of Armagh bounded on the east by the river Neury on the south by the County of Louth and on the north by Blackwater The soil here as I have often heard the Earl of Devonshire Lord Deputy say is the richest and fatest of any in Ireland insomuch that if manure be laid on to improve it it grows barren as if affronted or angry at it The first territory we meet with in this County is Fewes Fewes belonging to Turlogh Mac Henry of the family of O Neal full of woods and unpassable fens Next Orry Orry in which grows very little wood here lives O Hanlon and here stands the fort Mont-Norris Mont-Norris built by Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy and so called in honour of John Norris under whom he first served in the wars Eight miles from hence near the river Kalin stands Armagh Armagh an Archbishop's See the Metropolis of this Island The Irish imagin it so called from Queen Armacha but in my opinion this is the very same that Bede calls Dearmach which he says signifies in the Scotch or Irish tongue a field of oaks Till St. Patrick built a city there very fine in respect of situation form bulk and compass as the Angels had contriv'd and modelled it for him it was called Drumsalich as he says Now this Patrick S. Patrick was a Britain S. Martin's nephew by his sister baptized by the name of Sucat Marianus Scotus and sold into Ireland where he was Shepherd to King Miluc Afterwards he was called Magonius 42 As a Nurse-Father out of a British word by St. German whose disciple he was and then by Pope Celestine Patricius that is Father of the Citizens and sent into Ireland to convert them to the Christian religion Yet some are of opinion that Christianity was in Ireland before his time grounding upon an old Synodal wherein St. Patrick's own authority is urged against Tonsure Tonsure in Ireland which was usual at that time in Ireland namely on the fore part of the head and not on the crown A custom which by way of contempt they father upon a certain Swineherd of King Lagerius the son of Nell Vi. Bede l. 5. 22. Other writers of that age cryed out against it as Simon Magus's institution and not St. Peter's About the year 610 Columbanus built a famous Monastery in this place Bede from which many others were propagated and planted both in Britain and Ireland by his disciples St. Bernard S. Bernard in vita Malachiae speaks thus of it In honour of St. Patrick the Irish Apostle who in his life time presided in this Island and after was buried in it this is an Archepiscopal See and the metropolis of this Island held in such veneration and esteem formerly that not only Bishops and Priests but Kings and Princes were subject in all obedience and he alone govern'd them all But through the hellish ambition of some Potentates it grew into a custom that this holy See should be held as an inheritance and permitted to descend to none that were not of their tribe or family This horrid method succeeding continued for no less than fifteen generations or thereabouts Thus in time Flatâ—sbâ— sâ—ys muâ— the same Church-discipline began to slacken in this Island so that in towns and cities the numbers and translations of Bishops were just as the Metropolitan thought fit and John Papyrio a Cardinal was sent over by Eugenius IV. Bishop of Rome to reform those matters as we learn from an Anonymous writer of that age In the year of our Lord 1142 John Papyrio a Cardinal was sent by Eugenius IV. P. R. together with Christian Bishop of Lismore and Legat of Ireland into this Island This Christian held a Council at Mell where were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Dukes and all the Elders of Ireland by whose consent there were four Archbishopricks constituted Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam filled at that time by Gelasius Gregorius Donatus and Edanus After this the Cardinal gave the Clergy his blessing and returned to Rome Before the Bishops of Ireland were always consecrated by the Archbishops of Canterbury by reason of their Primacy in that Kingdom This was acknowledged by the Citizens of Dublin when they sent Gregory elected Bishop of Dublin to Ralph Archbishop of Canterbury in these words We have always willingly subjected our Prelates to the power and soveraignty of your predecessors from whom we consider ours have received the spiritual dignity c. This is likewise evident from the letters of Murchertach King of Ireland of earlier date writ to Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury about ordaining the Bishops of Dublin and Waterford from those also of King Gothrick to Lanfrank his predecessor in behalf of one Patrick a Bishop and those of Lanfrank to Therdeluac King of Ireland complaining That the Irish leave their wives at pleasure without any cause Canonical and match with others either related to themselves or the wives they have put away or such as have been forsaken as wickedly by others which is not to be lookt upon as marriage but punished as fornication And
John John Norris the General desiring that he would not proceed roughly against him and push him on into a rebellion against his will Yet these letters of his to Norris were intercepted by Bagnall the Marshal and as the Earl afterwards complained suppressed with much loss to him For he was presently after publickly declared an enemy and traitor to his Country 17 Both in Irish and English and pardon offered to all that would submit 1595 June 1â— By this time the Rebels in Ulster amounted to 1000 horse or thereabouts and 6280 foot in Conaght to 2300 all likewise at the entire disposal of the Earl and many of them acquainted with discipline ever since that 18 Sir Jâ—hn J. Perrot the Lord Deputy had commanded every Lord of Ulster to raise and exercise a certain number of men to withstand the inroads of the Island Scots or else being such as had served in the wars of the Low-countries and were imprudently transported hither by his means The number likewise of the English army under the command of 19 Sir John J. Norris so 20 For the Queen had selected him as a man of especial trust and reputation to be used martially in such Journeys as the Deputy himself in person could not undertake in consideration that he had performed divers honourable sâ—rvices was now President of Mounster and had formerly commanded the Britain companies which were to serve principally in this action eminent in the wars of Flanders was not much inferiour Yet nothing was atchieved of any note on either side by reason of a misunderstanding between the General and the Deputy so that the Campaign was spent in ravages cessations and parleys only Without doubt both being men of arms were for prolonging the war and as for the Earl he daily expected a reinforcement out of Spain Of these parleys the most memorable was that between 21 Sir Henry Henry Wallop Treasurer of this Realm and 22 Sir Robert Rob. Gardner Chief Justice persons of great gravity and approved wisdom appointed Commissioners on our side and the Earl of Ter-Oen and O-Donell on the other wherein they and others of the Rebels summ'd up all their grievances and demands The Earl complained that 23 Sir Henry Bagnall the Marshal had still reap'd the fruits of his labours that by his false suggestions and artifice he had quite ruin'd him in the Queen's favour and sullied his honour that to his great prejudice he had intercepted the letters he writ to the Lord-Deputy Norris and some others and detained his wifes portion from him protesting that he had never enter'd into any Treaty with foreign Princes till such time as he was proclaimed Rebel and humbly entreating that his own crimes and those of his adherents might be pardoned that they might be restored to their estates and enjoy the free exercise of their religion which by the by was ever allowed them that the Marshal might pay him 1000 l. sterling in consideration of his wife's portion now deceased that no Garison Sheriff or any Officer whatsoever might have to do within his County that the Commission which the Queen had formerly given for a troop of 50 horse might be restored and that those who had pillaged his people might be punished O-Donell after he had rehears'd the loyalty of his Forefathers to the Kings of England complained that one Boin a Captain was sent by Perrot the Lord Deputy with a troop of soldiers into his Province under the pretence of civilizing his people and that after his father had received him kindly and assigned him such and such towns for quarters he was barbarously injurious to him in every thing and preferr'd a Bastard to the dignity of O-Donell that the same Lord Deputy laid a ship in wait and afterwards intercepted that very man clapt him in prison notwithstanding his innocence and there unjustly detained him till at last by God s mercy he was set at liberty That moreover the Lord Deputy Fitz-Williams had kept 24 Sir Owen Owen O-Toole the greatest man in these parts excepting O-Donell a close prisoner seven years together notwithstanding he went upon their Parol and was indeed innocent that he was intolerably oppressive to his poor neighbours in Fermanaugh and that he had no other way for preserving his safety hereafter than by assisting his neighbours now in their necessity He likewise required what the Earl did also demanded certain Castles and Possessions in the County of Slego that he pretended belonged to him Shan Mac-Brian Mac-Phelim O-Neal next made his complaint that the Earl of Essex had taken the Isle of Magie from him and that 25 Sir Henry Henry Bagnall had deprived him of the Barony of Maughery-Mourn which were both enjoyed by his Ancestors that he was kept in fetters till he surrender'd his right to Bagnall beside the numberless injuries he had received from the Garison of Knoc-Fergus Hugh Mac-Guir shewed them likewise what he had suffered by the insolent outrages of the neighbouring Garison in making booty of his Cattle and that the Sheriff who was sent into his territories had cut off the head of his nearest Relation and trod upon it with scorn Brian Mac-Hugh Oge Mac-Mahon and Ever Mac-Câ—uley exhibited that besides other wrongs the Lord Deputy 26 Sir William Fitz-Williams whose goodness or honesty always gave place to his covetousness was induced by corruption and bribery to establish Hugh Roe in the dignity of Mac-Mahon and after that hanged him for raising a fine by force of arms according to the custom of the country upon which he had laid it and divided his inheritance among strangers to extinguish the very name of Mac-Mahon In one word every man was Petitioner for some thing or other after this manner On the other side the Commissioners having allow'd some of their demands and thought others might be referred to the Queen proposed certain articles to the rebels 27 That they should lay down their arms disperse their forces acknowledge submissively their disloyalties admit Sheriffs in their Governments re-edifie the Fâ—rts they had defaced suffer the garisons to live without disturbance make restitution of spoils taken confess upon their oath how far they have dealt with foreign Princes and renounce all foreign aid c. But they had grown so insolent by this time that they thought them unreasonable and so broke off after the suspension of arms they had agreed upon Whereas the Queen both then and afterwards had condescended to these terms and would have done to any other that were not inconsistent with her honour purely to save as much blood and money as she could 〈◊〉 Geâ—â—â—aâ— of â—â—e Army The time of cessation being now expired Norris who by the Queen's order had the whole command of the Army conferr'd upon him by the Lord Deputy during his absence advanc'd with his Army towards the Earl However the Lord Deputy joyn'd him and so with great terrour
to it The Earl was sensible it lay convenient to annoy him and that his fame and fortune would dwindle into nothing unless he recover'd it Accordingly he invested the Fort with a strong army The Lord Deputy upon the news of this marched towards him without intermission and thus in his full speed to victory sickness and death arrested him to the grief of good men and the joy and safety of the Rebels For it was the opinion of some Sages that if he had lived he would have reduced the enemy to despair and the state had never been plung'd into such danger As soon as the Lord Deputy's death was known to the enemy they attacked the Fort with great clamor and violence but were ever repelled with greater loss those that scal'd the walls were pushed back headlong by the garison and many of them trod to pieces so that despairing of ever taking it by force they resolved to starve them being persuaded their provisions could not last above some few days and the garison upon the pinches of famine would stagger in their loyalty and turn traitors However the Fort was gallantly defended by the valour of Thomas Williams the Governor and his garison who lived upon herbs growing upon the rocks after they had eat their horses and held it in spight of famine the assaults of the enemies or any other extremity whatsoever By this time the Government was committed by the Queen to the Earl of Ormond under the title of Lieutenant General of the army together with the Chancellor and 30 Sir Robert Robert Gardiner the Earl presently gave the Lieutenant General a long account of the grievances aforementioned without omitting the outrage of any soldier or the insolence of any Sheriff coldly excusing his breach of covenant with 31 Sir John Norris but the great burden of the song was that Feogh-Mac-Hugh one of his relations had been took executed and lastly that his letters to the Queen had been intercepted and concealed and that the imposts and taxes were grown intolerable both to nobility and people adding He saw now very well that all the possesons in the hands of the nobility and gentry of Ireland would be shortly parcelled out among the Counsellors the Lawyers the Soldiers and the Attorneys At the same time he sent supplies to the sons of Feogh Mac-Hugh that they might be able to embroil the Province of Leinster So that now every body saw plainly that the Earl's design was from the very beginning to extirpate the English in Ireland notwithstanding his pretences to disguise it The Earl without intermission continued all this while in carrying on the siege at Black-water the Lieutenant General therefore for the Lord Deputy was not as yet appointed had detach'd fourteen choice * Vexâ—llationes troops under the conduct of Henry Bagnall 32 Sir Henry the Marshal a bitter enemy of the Earls to relieve it the Earl spurred on with revenge and envy fell upon him with great fury near Armach 33 As he marched with divers troops the Marshal himself against whom he principally aimed was soon cut off in the very throng of his enemies whereby the Earl had the satisfaction of triumphing over his particular adversary and of gaining a considerable victory over the English For this was the greatest defeat they had ever had in Ireland no less than thirteen brave Captains and fifteen hundred common soldiers cut off either in the engagement or after they weere broken and dispersed Those that escaped imputed this loss to no cowardise in the soldiers but to the ill conduct of the General as 't is common at this day The Fort of Black-water surrendered presently hereupon for having held out already with great loyalty and valor against the very shocks of famine they saw there was now no relief to be expected This was indeed a famous victory and of great importance to the rebels having both arms and provisions by it The Earl being cry'd up throughout the Country as the glorious restorer of their liberty grew intolerably proud and insolent and sent Ouny Mac-Rory-Og-O-More and one Tirel of English original but now an implacable enemy with four thousand Rapparies into Munster 34 Sir Thomas Thomas Norris President of the Province went against them and advanced with a good body as far as Kilmalock but dispersed his forces without facing the enemy and retired to Cork The Rebels who had been joyned by many rakes and profligates that flocked from all parts to them as soon as they understood this fell to wast the Country drive booty and plunder and burn all castles houses or possessions of the English and put the men themselves to some cruel death where-ever they could find them They made James Fitz-Thomas one of the family of the Earls of Desmon Earl of Desmond yet so that he should hold it of O-Neal or the Earl of Ter-Oen having thus embroiled Munster for a month they marched home with their booty The Earl forthwith now sent his letters into Spain with a long account of these victories desiring not to credit the English in case they pretend he had requested a Peace with them that he had been obstinate in refusing any terms though never so reasonable and that he was resolved to persevere in his faith and loyalty to the King of Spain Notwithstanding he pretended to intercede both by letters and messengers with the Earl of Ormond at this very instant for leave to submit upon such and such unreasonable terms This was the miserable state of Ireland when Queen Elizabeth made Robert Earl of Essex Robert Earl oâ— Essex Lâ— Deputy 159â— eminent for his taking Cades from the Spaniards and for his great prudence as well as valor and loyalty Lord Deputy of Ireland to repair the losses it had formerly received with commission to make an end of this war and which he had wrested by his importunity a power to pardon all crimes even those of high treason for this used to be excepted in all the Patents of the former Lord Deputies in these express words all treasons touching our own person or the persons of our heirs and successors excepted And without doubt it was great wisdom to obtain this authority considering that the Lawyers hold all rebellions do touch the person of the Prince He was also allowed as great an army as he pleased such a one as had never been seen before in Ireland namely sixteen thousand foot and thirteen hundred horse which was made up afterwards twenty thousand compleat He had particular instructions to aim chiefly at the Earl of Tir-Oen as the heart and soul of this rebellion and level the stress and weight of this war against him without much regard to any other by planting garisons at Lough-Foil and Bala-Shannon a thing that he always reckoned of great consequence and charged as an oversight in the former Deputies Thus the Earl accompanied with the flower of the Nobility and the
acclamations of the common people nay with a clap of thunder in a clear sun-shiny day set out from London towards the end of March and after a troublesome voyage arrived in Ireland Having received the sword according to the custom he took his march upon the persuasion of some of the Council who had too much regard to their own private interests against some petty Rebels in Munster without heeding the Earl which was quite contrary to his instructions having taken Cahir a Castle of Edward Butler Baron of Cahir which was encompassed by the river Swire and possessed by the Rebels and made great booty of their cattle he made himself terrible to the whole Country so that the Rebels dispersed themselves into the woods and forests In the mean time he received no small loss by the cowardise of some soldiers under 35 Sir Henry H. Harrington for which he punished them with great severity He returned towards the end of July his army being sadly harassed with toil and sickness and incredibly diminished Finding the Queen very angry at this unfortunate expedition when she had expresly urg'd him to march directly into Ulster against the Earl he writ an excuse to her Majesty laying the fault upon her Counsel in Ireland that advised him whom he could not but comply with in respect to their experience in the state affairs of that Kingdom promising that he would now forthwith march into Ulster He had scarce delivered these letters out of his hands when he was forced to send another dispatch that now he was diverted and obliged to march into Ophaly near Dublin against the O-Conors and the O-Moils who had broke out into rebellion and whom he soon vanquished with good success in some few skirmishes Upon a review of his army after this expedition he found himself so much weakned that he writ the Queen word and got the hands of the Privy-Councellors to his letter that it was necessary to reinforce his army with a thousand soldiers before he went into Ulster Being now resolved to employ his whole power against that Province he ordered 36 Sir Coniers Coigniers Clifford Governor of Conaught to march toward Belik with a body of light horse that the Earls forces might be distracted when he should attack him on the other side Clifford set out accordingly with 1500. men and notwithstanding the toil of a long march and scarcity of powder would not halt till he had passed the Curlew-mountains When most of his men had passed the Rebels set upon them unawares under the conduct of O-Rork Being easily repelled ours still continued their march but the enemy perceiving the want of powder among them renewed the charge and put them quickly to flight being already sore fatigued with their journey killing Clifford himself and Sir Henry Radcliff of Ordsall Knight In the mean while the supply which the Lord Deputy had desired was raised in England and transported But within some few days after he sent the Queen word he could do nothing more this year than march to the frontiers of Ulster with 1300 foot and 300 horse where he arrived about the thirteenth of September The Earl shewed himself from the hills for two days together and at length sent Hagan to the Lord Deputy for a parley His Lordship refused it answering That if the Earl had any thing to say to him he might find him next morning at the head of his army The next morning after some light skirmishes a trooper rid out from the Earl's Army and told them in a loud voice that the Earl did not intend to engage but to parly with the Lord Lieutenant yet not now between the armies in battalia As the Lord Deputy was advancing the next day Hagan came up to him declaring that the Earl desired that the Queen's pardon and a peace might be allowed him and withall that he might have an audience of his Lordship if this favour was granted him he would be ready to receive him at the ford of the river hard by called Balla Clinch This ford is not far from Louth the head town of the County and near the Castle of Gerard Fleming The Lord Deputy sent some before hand to discover the place who found the Earl there according to the appointment he told them that the river was risen but that a man might be still very easily heard from the one side of the ford to the other Whereupon his Lordship having lodged a troop of horse upon the next hill went down to him alone The Earl riding his horse up to the belly in the ford saluted him with great respect and so after about an hour's discourse between themselves they withdrew to their respective armies Con a bastard son of the Earl's was sent to the Lord Deputy to desire another conference before a select number on both sides The Lord Deputy granted this likewise provided the number did not exceed six The Earl taking his brother Cormac Mac Gennys Mac Guir Evar Mac Cowley Henry Ovington and O-Quin returned forthwith to the same ford and the Lord Deputy came down to him accompanied with the Earl of Southampton Sir George Bourgchier Sir Warham S. Leger Sir Henry Danvers Sir Edward Wingfeld and Sir William Constable The Earl saluted them singly with great respect and after some few words it was concluded that Commissioners should be appointed the day following to treat of a peace who agreed upon a cessation from that very day from six weeks to six weeks 8. Sept. 1599. till the first of May yet so that it should be free for both sides to renew the war after fourteen days warning and that if any Confederate of the Earl's did not agree to it the Earl should leave him to be pursued at the discretion of the Lord Deputy In the mean while the letters of the Lord Deputy already mentioned were delivered to the Queen by Henry Cuff a great Scholar but an unfortunate man As soon as she perceived that her Lieutenant had done nothing at all in so long a time with so great an army and so much to her expence nor could for that year she was much offended and writ back to him and her Council there 38 That his proceeding answered neither her direction nor the world's expectation That she could not but wonder what the Lord Deputy meant by prolonging the war at this rate and missing those excellent opportunities he had had of carrying it on against the Earl himself considering that this was his constant advice in England and he had often promised her in his Letters he would take that course she asked him why he had made those impertinent expeditions into Munster and Ophaly even against his own judgment and without giving her notice before hand that so she might have countermanded them If his army was now broken and weak how comes it that he did not force the enemy when it was intire strong and compleat If the spring was not a
and that he and his army had undertaken this expedition to deliver them from the jaws of the Devil and the English Tyranny and by these pretences drew great numbers to him The Lord Deputy with the forces he could raise made ready to besiege the town and 52 Sir Richard Richard Levison Vice-Admiral was sent out of England with two men of war to block up the harbour The English invested the town and began the siege briskly battering the town both by land and sea however this was remitted a little because Levison on the one side with his sea-soldiers was sent against two thousand Spaniards that landed at Bere-haven Baltimore and Castle-haven who sunk five of their ships and at the same time the President of Munster was sent with a detachment to intercept O-Donell who was upon his march in order to joyn the supplies from Spain However the frost being very hard he got safe and unseen to the Spaniards through by-ways in the night Some few days after the Earl of Ter-Oen together with O-Rork Reimund Burk Mac-Mahon Randall Mac-Surley Tirell and the Baron of Lixnaw came himself with the choice of the Rebels who in all amounted to 6000 foot and 500 horse after that Alphonsus O-Campo joyned them with the Spaniards under his command all big with hopes of victory which they thought was surely their own both as being more in number and fresher than the English and as they were well furnished with all sorts of provision whereas the English were harassed with the fatigues of a winter siege excluded from provisions and their horses jaded and useless by reason of hard service and want of sorage The Lord Deputy called a Council of war for their advice in these circumstances some thought it best to raise the siege retire to Cork and not put the whole Kingdom upon the hazard of a single Battle But on the other side his Lordship advised them to persist in their design and not degenerate from the constancy and renouned bravery of their Fore-fathers that a better opportunity could not befall stout soldiers than was now put into their hands to dye with glory or overcome with honour So he continued to carry on the siege with the utmost of his vigor playing upon the walls incessantly and fortifying his camp with new works On the twenty first of December the Earl of Tir-Oen appeared with his army upon a hill about a mile from our trenches and there encamped himself the next day he appeared likewise and the night following the Spaniards made a sally and the Irish attempted to get into the town but were both repulsed On the twenty third the English began to play their heavy Cannon against the town to shew how little they regarded the Earl that was just upon them and the same day intercepted D'Aquila's letters to the Earl desiring him to put the Spaniards that arrived lately into the town and attack the enemy's camp on both sides That night as the moon was rising the Lord Deputy commanded 53 Sir Henâ—y Henry Poer with eight companies of old soldiers to post himself on the west side of the Camp 54 Sir Henry Henry Gream who Commanded the horse Guards that night gave the Deputy notice very early in the morning that he foresaw the enemy would attack them from the great number of matches they had lighted Whereupon all were ordered to their arms and the ways into the town well guarded The Lord Deputy himself attended by the President of Munster and 55 Sir Richard Richard Wingfield Marshall went out and with the assistance of 56 Sir Olivar Olivar Lambart pitch'd upon a place for battle commanding the Regiments of 57 Sir Henry Henry Folliot and 58 Sir Olivar Oliver S. John and six hundred marine Soldiers under the command of 59 Sir Richard Richard Levison to post themselves in it But the Earl of Tir-Oen who resolved as it was known afterwards to put the Spaniards and 800 Irish into the town by the assistance of the dark as soon as the day began to break and he found the Marshall and 60 Sir Henry Henry Danvers with the horse and Poer with a body of foot drawn up to receive him at the foot of the hill began to despair of succeeding in his design and so sounded a retreat by his bag-pipers As soon as the Deputy had intelligence of this disorderly retreat he gave orders to pursue them and advanc'd in the van himself to observe their order that he might take his measures accordingly but the weather grew so foul and misty that they could hardly see before them for some time As soon as it cleared up and he found the enemy retir'd hastily in three bodies with the horse on the rear he resolved to attack them but first commanded the President of Munster to return to the Camp with three troops of horse to make that good in case the Spaniards should assault it The Lord Deputy himself pursued the rebels and with such speed that they were obliged to turn and face him in the very brink of a deep bog which was unaccessible but by one ford As soon as the Marshal and the Earl of Clan-Ricard had routed the party of horse that defended this pass they fell in upon the whole body of the enemies cavalry this on-set was so well seconded by 61 Sir William William Godolphin who had the leading of the Deputies wing 62 Sir Henry Henry Danvers Minshaw Taff Fleming and 63 Sir John J. Barkley Camp-master General who joined them that the rebels were put to flight Yet it was not thought good to give them chase but unite again to charge the thick of the enemy which was now in no small consternation The charge was accordingly given and the enemy broken Tirell with his Company and the Spaniards stood firm still and so the Lord Deputy commanded his rear to advance against them and to perform the duty of a soldier as well as the office of a General he put himself at the head of three companies of Oliver S. John's which were commanded by Roe and attack'd them with such vigour that they fled in disorder to shelter themselves among the Irish who soon left them to the mercy of the enemy and so they were most cut off by the Lord Deputy's troop under the conduct of William Godolphin Tir-Oen O-Donell and the rest upon this flung away their weapons and betook themselves to their heels for safety Alphonsus O-Campo was taken Prisoner with 3 Spanish Captains and 6 Ensigns 1200 of the enemy were slain and 9 Colours taken whereof 6 was Spanish The English lost not above 2 or 3 on their side but many were wounded among the rest 64 Sir Henry Henry Danvers 65 Sir William William Godolphin and Croft so little this great victory cost us As soon as the Lord Deputy had sounded a retreat and given God thanks for his victory among the
heaps of dead bodies he Knighted the Earl of Clan-Ricard for his valour and brave service in this battle and so returned with acclamations and victory into his camp which he found safe as he had left it For the Spaniards seeing all strongly guarded and having experienced that fallies were always to their own loss kept close within the town with great anxiety of expectation for the issue of the main battle This was a noble victory and of great consequence Ireland then wavering and ready to revolt was hereby retained the Spaniards ejected and the head Rebel Tir-Oen reduced to his holes in Ulster O-Donel driven into Spain the rest of the rebels dispersed the authority of the Queen recovered the dejected Loyalists confirmed and an universal peace established throughout the whole Island soon after Next day the Lord Deputy ordered Bodley the Camp Master General who both in the fortifications and in the battle had behaved himself valiantly to finish the mount and raise banks and rampires nearer the enemy after six days spent in that work D'Aquila sent a Drummer with letters to the Lord Deputy that some person of worth and credit might be sent into the town to treat with him Sir William Godolphin was sent accordingly D'Aquila told him that though the Lord Deputy was his enemy yet he would own him to be a person of honour and desert that the Irish were cowardly rude and barbarous nay false and perfidious too he was afraid That he was sent thither by the King of Spain his Master to aid two Earls but now he question'd whether there was such in rerum natura for this storm had blown one of them into Spain and the other into the north and so both had vanish'd That he was willing for this reason to conclude a peace with him that might be for the interest of England on one side and not to the loss and prejudice of Spain on the other but yet he wanted nothing that could contribute to his defence and daily expected more supplies from Spain to give the English more trouble In short being fatigued and weary of the siege on both sides they came to this conclusion on the 2d of Jan. That the Spaniards should yield up Kingsale the sorts and castles of Baltimore Berehaven and Castle-Haven to the Lord Deputy and so depart with life goods and flying colours That the English should find shipping but should be paid for it to transport them at two voyages into Spain and if they should happen to put in at any port in England that they shall be kindly entertained and that during their stay in Ireland for a wind they shall be allowed all necessary accommodations for their money After some few days stay the wind stood fair and so the Spaniards embarked with great loss and dishonour for their own Country The Earl of Tir-Oen in the mean while fled in great consternation with all the speed he could make thro' unknown by-ways to recover his holes in Ulster with great loss of his men who were many of them drowned in passing the rivers which were swelled with the winter floods From hence forward the Earl grew restless being tormented with continual apprehensions of punishment for those crimes whereof he was conscious and so fearful of every body that he was every day shifting from one hole to another The Lord Deputy laid up his army in winter quarters to refresh them and having thus settled his affairs in Munster returned to Dublin As soon as the rigour of the season was a little abated he marched back with his resolute army towards Ulster making small journeys to strike a terrour into the Country intending now to perfect his old design of penning up the rebels by planting forts and garisons on all sides When he came to Blackwater he carried over his army in floats and having found out a ford below the old fort which was not before known of he built a fort upon the bank and call'd it from himself Charlemont The Earl of Tir-Oen out of fear at this time had burnt his own house at Dungannon The Lord Deputy marched from hence beyond Dungannon and encamped his army till 66 Sir Henry Henry Docwra could come from Logh-Foil to join him After that he made his incursions on all sides spoiled the corn burnt all the houses and villages that could be found made booty of the cattle and had the forts of Logh Crew Logh Reogh and Mogherlecow surrendred to him yet we lost Sir John Barkley a valiant man who was shot in this last of them After this he planted a garison at Logh Eaugh or Logh Sidney and called it Montjoy from his own title committing the charge of it to Sir Arthur Chicester whose great deserts have made him Lord Deputy of Ireland at this time and another at Monaghan whereof he made 67 Sir Christopher Christopher S. Lawrence governor men of great experience and courage who by their continual sallies and excursions made the rebels so uneasie that finding themselves pent in with garisons and streightened moâ—e and more daily in every thing and that they must livâ— hereafter like wild beasts sculking up and down among the â—oods and desarts they began most of them to conform thâ—â—r fidelity to their fortune and tender a submission privaâ—â—ly to the Lord Deputy murmuring that the Earl had broughâ—â—he whole Kingdom into this ruine to serve his own ends that it was necessary for him only and had proved destructive to them The Earl himself was sensible that the fidelity as well as the strength of his party was now infeebled and resolved to be as much before hand with danger as he could being now quite weary of his misery and tender of his own life which will generally find favour in spite of any resolutions Accordingly he writ several letters to the Queen with great submission addressing himself therein with prayers and tears for mercy which the Queen observed to be so sincere that being in her own temper most merciful she order'd the Lord Deputy to give him pardon and receive him in case he desired it As soon as ever he had this news from some of his friends he sent his petition to this purpose pressing the Lord Deputy continually by his brother Arth. Mac Baron and others and at last in February after many refusals and his sincere promise to surrender his life and fortune to the Queens discretion the Lord Deputy upon advice from the Court of England that the Queen who was now of great age was dangerously ill gave the Earl leave to repair to Mellifont which accordingly he did forthwith attended with one or two followers Being admitted into the presence chamber where the Lord Deputy sat in a chair of state with many of his Officers about him he fell down upon his knees in the very entrance all dejected and in a mean condition after he continued a while in this posture the Lord Deputy signified to him to approach nearer
that the Ministers read the Scriptures to the people in the Manks language out of the English There have been three Monasteries Thâ— Monasteries in this Isle the chief of which was the Monastery of Russin in Castle-town the common burying-place of the King 's of Man which by the Ruines thereof appears to have been a goodly Fabrick There was also the Priory of Douglas and a house of the Friers Minors at Brinnaken Besides these Monasteries there were several others without the Kingdom upon which the Kings of this Isle conferred titles or lands within the Island as the Priory of St. Bees or de Sancta Bega in Cumberland upon the Abbey of Whittern or Candida Casa in Galloway of Scotland and upon the Abbey of Banchor in Ireland For this cause the Prior and Abbots of these houses were Barons of Man and were obliged to give their attendance as such upon the Kings and Lords thereof when required Mr. Camden's error touching the Bishoprick of Man As to the Bishoprick of Man Mr. Camden saith That it was founded by Pope Gregory the fourth about the year 140. and that the Bishop thereof was named Sodorensis from a little Island near Castletown in the Isle of Man where the Episcopal See was instituted This error of Mr. Camden's is confuted by the authority not only of the Irish and Manks Tradition concerning their first conversion to Christianity but likewise of all the Historians that have wrote the life of St. Patrick who is generally believed to have converted that Island to Christianity They affirm * â—osâ—â—lin vita Pat. c. 92. that St. Patrick having converted the Island about the year 447. left one Germanus Bishop thereof and after his death consecrated two other Bishops to succeed him whose names were Conindrius and Romulus fellow-Bishops and to them succeeded one St. Maughald This is confirmed by the testimony of the learned Antiquary Bishop Usher a Usser antiâ— Br. c. 6. p. 644. Besides these four there is another Bishop of Man mentioned by Boethius b Boeth Hist â—cot p 114. and Hollinshead c Hollâ—sh p. 144. whose name was Conanus and who had been Tutor to Eugenius the fifth King of Scotland who began to reign An. Dom. 684. which was above 130 years before Gregory the fourth sate in St. Peter's Chair So that this Bishoprick appears to be near 4â—0 years of greater antiquity than Mr. Camden makes it These Bishops above named were called Bishops of Man only and not Bishops of Sodor for that Bishoprick was not founded till near 400 years after and the Bishops of Man were never called Bishops of Sodor till after the union of the two Bishopricks Sodor and Man Mr. Camden's mistake may proceed from confounding the Bishopricks of Sodor and Man making them one and the same whereas they were quite distinct The Bishoprick of Sodor was indeed first instituted by Pope Gregory the fourth about the time that Mr. Camden places the foundation of the Bishoprick of Man But it is placed in the Isle Jona or St. Columb's Isle corruptly called Colm-kill a little Island among the Hebrides belonging to Scotland This new erected title of Sodor the Bishops of the Western Isles possessed solely until the year 1098. that King Magnus of Norway conquering the Western Isles and the Island of Man united the two Bishopricks of Sodor and Man which continued so united for the space of 235 years till the English were fully possessed of the Isle of Man in 1333. During this union the Bishops always stiled themselves Bishops of Sodor and Man but before the uniting of the Bishopricks the Bishops of Man were never stiled Bishops of Sodor The Bishops The Bishop of Man were heretofore looked upon as Barons and were always to assist at the Inauguration of a new King or Lord of Man and there to pay their homage to him for the temporalities they enjoyed The Bishop hath his own particular Court where the Deemsters of the Island sit Judges The Bishop himself hath no hand in the assessment of the fines in his own Court yet has he all the fines and perquisites after they are assessed by the Deemsters and other Officers of the Lord's that are present This particular Privilege the Bishop of Man has at this day That if any of his tenants do commit Felony and be brought to the Bar of the Court of the Gaol-delivery with the rest of the Felons before rhe Governor and Deemster the Bishop's Steward may demand the Prisoner from the Bar and he shall have him delivered to be tried at the Bishop's Court. The forfeitures of Lands of any Delinquent holding of the Bishop do belong to him but the Delinquent's goods and person are at the Lord's disposal The Abbots of this Island were allowed the like privileges The Bishop of Man keeps his residence in the village called Bal-Curi The Bishoprick is under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York During the Norwegian Conquest they were under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Norway which is Drontheim When the Bishoprick falls void the Lord of the Island names a Bishop and presents him to the King of England for his Royal Assent and then to the Archbishop of York for his Consecration This Bishop has no voice in the upper house of Parliament but is allowed to sit uppermost in the lower house of Convocation in England The Clergy The Clergy here are generally natives and have had their whole education in the Island They are not any ways taxed with ignorance or debauchery they have all a competent maintenance at least 50 or 60 pounds a year The Ministers who are Natives have always the addition of Sir unless they be Parsons of the Parishes which are but few most of the Parsonages being impropriated to the Lord of the Isle or the Bishop As thus Sir Thomas Parr Minister of Kirk-Malew But if they have the title of Parson then they are only called Mr. as Mr. Robert Parr Parson of St. Mary of Ballaugh * The end of the Additiâ—ns to the Isle of Man FRom Man as far as the Mull of Galloway or the Promontory of the Novantes we meet with none but small and inconsiderable Islands but after we are past that in the Frith of Glotta or Dunbritton-Frith we come to the Isle Glotta The Isle Gâ—oâ—ta mentioned in Antoninus called by the Scots at this day Arran whence the Earls of Arran A ran in that Country take their title And then to a neighbouring Island formerly called Rothesia now Buthe so denominated from a Cell which Brendan built in it for so the word signifies in Scotch After these we arrive at Hellan heretofore Hellan-Leneow that is as Fordon explains the word an Isle of Saints and Hellan Tinoc an Isle of Swine all visible in the same Frith Pag. 913. But of these we have said enough already Beyond this aestuary lye a cluster of Isles which the Scotch inhabitants call Inch-Gall
being still Justiciary as before His Wife died this year MCCLXXXI Adam Cusak younger kill'd William Barret and many others in Conaught Frier Stephen Fulborn was made Justiciary of Ireland The Lord Robert d'Ufford return'd into England MCCLXXXII This Year Moritagh and Arte Mac-Murgh his Brother were slain at Arclowe on S. Mary Magdalen Eve And Roger Lord Mortimer died MCCLXXXIII The City of Dublin was in part burnt and the Belfrey of Trinity Church upon the third day before the Nones of January MCCLXXXIV The Castle of Ley was taken and burnt by the petty Kings of Offaly the morrow after S. Barnaby's Day Alphonsus the King's Son twelve years old departed this Life MCCLXXXV The Lord Theobald le Botiller died on the 6th of the Kalends of October in the Castle of Arclowe and was buried there in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Gerald Fitz Maurice was taken Prisoner by his own Irish Subjects in Ofaly with Richard Petit and S. Deget and many others and at Rathode was a great slaughter MCCLXXXVI Le Norragh and Arstol with other Towns were successively burnt by William Stanton on the 16th of the Kalends of December About this time Eleanor Queen of England mother of King Edward took a religious habit at Ambresbury upon the day of S. Thomas's translation having her dower confirmed by the Pope and assur'd to her for ever Calwagh was taken Prisoner at Kildare The Lord Thomas Clare departed this Life MCCLXXXVII This year died Stephen Fulborn Archbishop of Tuam and was succeeded in the Office of Justiciary for a Time by John Sampford Archbishop of Dublin This year the King of Hungary renounc'd Christianity and turned Apostate and having fraudulently assembled his Nobility under pretence of a Parliament Miramomelius a potent Saracen came upon them with an Army of 20000 men and took the King and all the Christians there away prisoners on S. John Baptist's eve As the Christians were carried along the weather turn'd cloudy and a tempest of Hail fell suddenly and killed many thousands of the Infidels So the Christians return'd to their own homes and the Apostate King went alone with the Saracens The Hungarians crown'd his Son King and continued in the Catholick Faith MCCLXXXIX Tripoly a famous City was demolish'd after great effusion of Christian blood by the Sultan of Babylon Who commanded the Images of the Saints to be dragg'd at the horses tails through the ruinous City in contempt of Christ MCCXC Inclyta stirps Regis sponsis datur ordine legis The issue of the King becomes a Spouse The Lord Gilbert Clare took to Wife the Lady Joan de Acon a daughter of our Lord King Edward in the Abby of Westminster and the marriage was celebrated in May And John the Duke of Brabant's son married Margaret the said King's daughter also in the Church aforesaid in July This year the Lord William Vescie was made Justiciary of Ireland and enter'd upon the Office on S. Martin's day Item O Molaghelin King of Meth was this year slain MCCXCI Gilbert Clare the son of Gilbert and the Lady Joan de Acon was born on the 11th of May betimes in the morning Item there was an army led into Ulster against O Hanlan and other Princes that had broke the Peace by Richard Earl of Ulster and William Vescie Justiciary of Ireland Item The Lady Eleanor formerly Queen of England and mother of King Edward died this year on S. John's day after a laudable life spent four years eleven months and six days in a religious habit as she had desir'd in the Abby of Ambresbury where she was a profess'd Nun. Item the news came to our Lord Pope Martin on the eve of S. Mary Magdalen concerning the city of Acon in the Holy Land which was the only place of refuge for the Christians that it was besieg'd by Mislkadar the Sultan of Babylon with a numerous army He besieg'd it hotly for about forty days viz. from the 8th day before the Ides of April till the 15th before the Kalends of July At last the Wall was pull'd down by the Saracens and they entred the city in great numbers many Christians being slain and some drown'd in the sea for fear Among whom was the Patriarch and his Train The King of Cyprus and Oto de Grandison escap'd in a ship with their followers Item This year the Lord Pope Martin granted our Lord King Edward the tenth of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in Ireland for seven years together as a supply towards a relief for the Holy Land Item the eldest son of the Earl of Clare was born the same year MCCXCII Edward King of England again entred Scotland and was chosen King John Lord Balliol of Gallweya obtain'd the whole Kingdom of Scotland by right of inheritance and did homage to our Lord Edward King of England at Newcastle upon Tine on S. Stephen's day Florentius Earl of Holland Robert Brus Earl of Carrick John Hastings John Comin Patrick de Dunbar John Vescie Nicholas Souls and William Roos who were then at difference in the said Kingdom submitted themselves to the judgment of King Edward Item A fifteenth of all the Goods of Laymen in Ireland was granted to our Lord the King of England to be collected on the Feast of S. Michael Item Sir Peter Genevile Knight died this year Item Rice ap Meredyke was brought to York and there dragg'd at the horses tails c. MCCXCIII A general and open war was this year waged at sea with the Normans Item no small number of the Normans was cut off in a sea-engagement by the Barons of the Ports of England and others their coadjutors between Easter and Whitsuntide For this a war broke out between England and France whereupon Philip King of France directed his letters of citation to the King of England to appear in person at his Parliament to answer what the King had to say to him but finding no compliance with this order he forthwith by the counsel of his Parliament declar'd him outlaw'd and condemn'd him Item Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester and his wife came into Ireland about the feast of S. Luke MCCXCIV William Montfort in the King's Council holden at Westminster before the King died suddenly He was Dean of S. Paul's in London The Bishops and Clergy who doubted what the King would expect from every one of them had instructed him as a person whom the King would confide in what to signifie from them to him as soon as he return'd to the King and was addressing himself to speak as he had design'd he grew speechless fell down and was carried out by the King's servants in a miserable condition Upon this sight people grew fearful and began to take him for the great procurer of the tenths of ecclesiastical benefices to the King and of the scrutiny and search after the fold of Christ as also of the contributions granted the King afterward Item The city of Bordeaux with the adjacent country of Gascoign was taken
call'd Hogelyn John de Northon John de Breton and many others Item On the 16th before the kalends of July Dolovan Tobyr and other towns and villages bordering upon them were burnt down by the said malefactors Item Soon after this a great Parliament was held at London wherein a sad difference arose between the Barons upon the account of Pieirs Gaveston who was banish'd out of the Kingdom of England the day after the feast of S. John the baptist's nativity and went over into Ireland about the feast of the Saints Quirita and Julita together with his wife and sister the Countess of Glocester and came to Dublin in great state and there continued Item William Mac Baltor a stout robber and incendiary was condemn'd in the court of our Lord the King at Dublin by the Lord Chief Justice John Wogan on the 12th before the kalends of September and was drawn at a horse's tail to the gallows and there hang'd as he deserv'd Item This year a marble cistern was made to receive the Water from the conduit-head in Dublin such as was never before seen here by the Mayor of the City Master John Decer and all at his own proper expences This same John a little before made a bridge to be built over the river Aven-Liffie near the priory of S. Wolstan He also built the Chappel of S. Mary of the Friers minors wherein he was buried and the Chappel of S. Mary of the Hospital of S. John in Dublin Item This John Decer was bountiful to the convent of Friers Predicants in Dublin For instance he made one stone-pillar in the Church and laid the great stone upon the high altar with all its ornaments Item He entertain'd the friers at his own table on the 6th day of the week out of pure charity as the seniors have reported to their juniors Item The Lord John Wogan took ship in Autumn to be at the parliament of England and the Lord William Bourk was appointed Keeper of Ireland in his room Item This year on the eve of S. Simon and Jude the Lord Roger de Mortimer and his Lady the right heir of Meth the daughter of the Lord Peter son of Sir Gefferey Genevil arriv'd in Ireland As soon as they landed they took possession of Meth Sir Gefferey Genevil giving way to them and entring himself into the order of the Friers predicants at Trym the morrow after S. Edward the Archbishop's day Item Dermot Odympsy was slain at Tully by the servants of Sir Piers Gaveston Item Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster at Whitsontide made a great feast at Trym and conferr'd Knighthood upon Walter Lacie and Hugh Lacie In the vigil of the Assumption the Earl of Ulster came against Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwal at Drogheda and at the same time turn'd back towards Scotland Item This year Maud the Earl of Ulster's daughter imbark'd for England in order for a marriage with the Earl of Glocester which within a month was consummated between them Item Maurice Caunton kill'd Richard Talon and the Roches afterwards kill'd him Item Sir David Caunton was hang'd at Dublin Item Odo the son of Cathol O Conghir kill'd Odo O Conghiâ— King of Connaght Item Athi was burnt by the Irish MCCCIX Peter Gaveston subdued the O Brynnes in Ireland and rebuilt the new castle of Mackingham and the castle of Kemny he also cut down and scour'd the pass between Kemny castle and Glyndelagh in spite of all the opposition the Irish could make and sâ— march'd away and offer'd in the Church of S. Kimny The same year the Lord Peter Gaveston went over into Englanâ— on the eve of S. John Baptist's Nativity Item The Earl of Ulster's son's wife daughter of the Earl oâ— Glocester came into Ireland on the 15th of October Item On Christmas-eve the Earl of Ulster returned out of England and landed at Drogheda Item On the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary Sir John Bonevil was slain near the town of Arstol by Sir Arnold Pover and his accomplices and buried at Athy in the Church of the Frierâ— predicants Item A Parliament was held at Kilkenny in the octaves of thâ— Purification of the Blessed Mary by the Earl of Ulster John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and others of the nobility wherein a difference among certain of the great men was adjusted and many proviso's made in the nature of statutes that might havâ— been of good consequence to the Kingdom if they had been observ'd Item Shortly after Sir Edward Botiller return'd out of England where he had been knighted at London Item The Earl of Ulster Roger Mortimer and Sir John Fitz-Thomas went over into England Item This year died Sir Theobald Verdon MCCCX. King Edward and Sir Peter Gaveston took theiâ— march for Scotland against Robert Brus. Item There was this year a great scarcity of corn in Ireland * Eranca an eranc of corn sold at the rate of twenty shilling and upwards Item The Bakers of Dublin were punish'd after a new way foâ— false weights For on S. Sampson the Bishop's day they werâ— drawn upon hurdles at the horses tails along the streets of thâ— City Item In the Abby of S. Thomas the Martyr at Dublin Sir Neiâ— Bruin Knight Escheator to our Lord the King in Ireland departed this life his corps was buried at the Friers-minors in Dublin witâ— such a pomp of tapers and wax-lights as never was before seen iâ— this Kingdom This year a Parliament was held at Kildare wherin Sir Arnold Pover was acquitted of the death of the Lord Bonevil for it waâ— found Se defendendo Item On S. Patrick's day Mr. Alexander Bickenor was witâ— the unanimous consent of the Chapter made Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Roger Mortimer in the octaves of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin return'd into Ireland Item This year died Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln MCCCXI In Thomond at Bonnorathie the Lord Richarâ— Clare gave the Earl of Ulster's party a very strange defeat Thâ— Lord William Bourk and John the Lord Walter Lacy's Son werâ— taken prisoners with many others This battle was fought on thâ— 13th before the kalends of June and great numbers both of thâ— English and the Irish slain in it Item Tassagard and Rathcante were invaded by the rapperies namely the O Brinnes and O Tothiles the day after S. John Baptist's nativity Whereupon in the Autumn soon after a greaâ— army was rais'd in Leinster to defeat them both in Glindelory anâ— in other woody places Item In August a Parliament was holden at London between thâ— King and the Barons to consider the state of the Kingdom and thâ— King's houshold and a committee of six Bishops six Earls and six Barons was appointed to consult the good of the Realm Item On the 2d day before the Ides of November the Lord Richard Clare cut off 600 Galegolaghes Item On All saints day last past Peter Gaveston was banished out of England by the Earls and Barons and many good statutes were
were above 500 this happened about the evening near Connyng and the water call'd Dodyz in Dublin-haven The Lord Anthony Lucy with his own Servants and some of the Citizens of Dublin among whom was Philip Cradoc kill'd above 200 of them and gave leave to any body to fetch away what they would The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland appointed a common Parliament to be held at Dublin on the Octaves of S. John Baptist whither some of the best of the Irish Nobility came not However he remov'd to Kilkenny and prorogued the Parliament to S. Peter's feast Ad vincula hither came the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and many more Noblemen who were not there before and submitted to the King's mercy And the King for his part very graciously forgave them whatever they had done against him under a certain form In August the Irish by treachery took the Castle of Firnis which they burnt The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas of Desmond by an order of Council was taken the day after the Assumption of our blessed Virgin at Limerick by the Chief Justice and by him brought to the Castle of Dublin the 7th of October In September Henry Mandevill by vertue of a Warrant from Simon Fitz-Richard Justice in the King's-bench was taken and brought to the Castle of Dublin In November Walter Burck and his two Brothers were taken in Connaught by the Earl of Ulster and in February were by him brought to the Castle of Northburg In February the Lord William Bermingham and his son Lord Bermingham were taken at Clomel by the said Justice notwithstanding he had before granted them his Majesty's Pardon and the 19th of April were conducted to Dublin-castle The Irish of Leinster plunder'd the English and burnt their Churches and in the Church of Freineston burnt about eighty Men and Women and a certain Chaplain of that Church whom with their Javelins they hinder'd from coming out tho' in his holy Vestments and with the Lord's body in his hand burning him with the rest in the Church The news of it came to the Pope who sert his Bull to the Archbishop of Dublin commanding him to excommunicate those Irish and all their adherents and retinue and to interdict their Lands Now the Archbishop fulfill'd the Pope's commands but the Irish despised the bull excommunication interdiction and the Church's chastisement and continuing in their wickedness did again make a body and invaded the county of Weisford as far as Carcarn and plundred the whole country Richard White and Richard Fitz-Henry with the Burghers of Weisford and other English made head against them and kill'd about 400 of the Irish besides a great many more were in the pursuit drown d in the river Slane MCCCXXXII The eleventh of July William Bermingham by my Lord Chief Justice's order was put to death and hanged at Dublin but his son Walter was set at liberty Sir William was a noble Knight and very much renown'd for his warlike exploits alas what pity it was for who can commemorate his death without tears He was afterwards buried at Dublin among the Predicant Friers The Castle of Bonraty was taken and in July was rased to the ground by the Irish of Totomon Also the Castle of Arclo was taken from the Irish by the Lord Chief Justice and the citizens of Dublin with the help of the English of that Country and was the 8th of August a rebuilding in the King's Hands The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland was put out of his place and in November returned into England with his wife and children The Lord John Darcy succeeded him and came into Ireland the 13th of February There was about this time a great slaughter of the Irish in Munster made by the English inhabitants of that Country and Briens O-Brene with Mac-Karthy was beaten Item John Decer a citizen of Dublin died and was buried in the Church of the Minor Friers he was a man who did a great deal of good Also a disease called Mauses reigned very much all over Ireland and infected all sorts of People as well old as young The hostages who were kept in the Castle of Limeric kill'd the Constable and took the Castle but upon the citizens regaining of 〈◊〉 they were put to the sword The Hostages also took the Castle â—f Nenagh but part of it being burnt it was again recover'd â—nd the Hostages restored A of wheat about Christmas â—as sold for 22 shillings and soon after Easter very common for 〈◊〉 pence The Town of New-Castle of Lions was burnt and plunâ—ered by the O-Tothiles MCCCXXXIII John Lord Darcy the new Chief Justice of â—reland arrived at Dublin The Berminghams of Carbery got a great booty of above 2000 Cows from the O-Conghirs The Lord John Darcy ordered the â—ass at Ethrgovil in Offaly to be cut down that he might stop O-Conghir The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond after he had â—een imprison'd a year and an half in Dublin was let out having â—ot some of the best of the Irish Nobility as mainprizes to be bound â—or him under penalty of their lives and estates if the said Lord â—hould attempt any thing against the King or did not appear and â—â—and trial Item William Burk Earl of Ulster on the 6th of June between New-Town and Cragfergus in Ulster was most treacherously kill'd â—y his own company in the twentieth year of his age Robert son â—o Mauriton Maundevile gave him the first blow As soon as his â—ife heard of it who was then in that part of Ulster she prudently â—mbark'd with her son and daughter and went for England The Lord John Darcy to revenge his murder by the advice of the Parliament then assembled shipp'd his Army with which the first of â—uly he arriv'd at Cragfergus The people of that Country were â—o glad at his arrival that they took courage and unanimously reâ—olv'd to revenge the Earl's death and in a pitch'd battle got a â—ictory some of them they took others they put to the sword When this was over the Lord Chief Justice went with his Army â—nto Scotland leaving M. Thomas Burgh then Treasurer to supply â—is place Item Many of the Irish Nobility and the Earl of Ormond with â—heir retinue assembled on the 11th of June at the house of the Carmelite Friers in Dublin during this Parliament as they were going out of the Court-yard of the Friers House Murcardus or Moris Nicholas O-Tothil's son was in the croud suddenly murder'd â—pon which the Nobility supposing there was treason in it were very much affrighted but the Murtherer made his escape without being known so much as by name Item The Lord John Darcy return'd Chief Justice of Ireâ—and Item In February the Lord Walter Bermingham son to the Lord William was let out of Dublin Castle Item The Lord Moris Son of Thomas Earl of Desmond by a â—all off his horse broke his leg Item It happen'd to be so dry a Summer that at the feast of S. Peter ad
Conqueror 772. Conventria 505. Cooks 724. Cooper Tho. 469. Copeley 177. Copes 255. Copeland Lords of 821. Coperas 50 753. Copper-mines 821 833. Copsi 866. Coqued 776. Coquet 859. Coracle 553 590. Corby castle 832. Lincolnshire 489. CORIA DANMONIORUM 921 958. Corberley 240. Corbet 12 13 544 545 546 548 561. Corboyl W. 198. Corbridge 854 Corda 907. Cordal Sir W. 370. Corffe-Castle 45 53. CORINIUM 240 CORIONDI 979. CORITANI 429 566. Cork 979. Corkery 999. Cormac Mac Tegn 979. Cornâ—ge 839. CORNAVII CORNABII 499 565 947. Corndon-hill 651 653. Cornhill 133. Cornish-men 31. Rebels 40. Cornovaille in Armorica 2. Cornwaille Jeffr. 542. CORNOVIORUM Trib Cohort â— CORNUBIA 1. Cornwal 288 Cornwal Earls of 3 6 8 14 22 49 87 141 239 310. CORNWAL 1 2 8 13 15 16 23. Cornwalleys 375 760. Corraght 962. Corsica 17. CORSTOPITUM 854. Cortiani 760. Corve fl 541. Corvesdale 541. Corvesham 542. Cory Maller 61. Cosham 87. Cosins Bishop 782 783. COSSINI 1. Coston 81. Cotes 447. Cotgrave 557. Cottenham 403. Cotteswold 231 238 249. Cottingham 738. Cotton Sir Rob. 423 456 824. Cottons 123 408. Coucy 290 796. Coventry 505 506 507 514. Coverts 173. Coughton 503. County Palatines 782 787. Counts Palatine 553 567 772. of the Empire 90. of the Saxon-shore lxxvii 186 365 389 391. of Britain lxxvii Imperial Largesses lxxviii â—â—unties England divided into clxvii â—â—urt-Barons clxxvi â—â—urts of England clxxxiii â—â—urtneys 8 10 28 29 31 32 34 36 50 192 209 217. â—â—â—bridge 611. â—â—â—ay-stakes 993. Câ—â—drey 171. Cowel 952. Cowes 128. Cowholm 386. Cow-castle-hill 497. Cowley Abr. 333. Cowling-castle 190. Cowlidge 407. Cowick 725. Cowlock 993. Cows wild 931 1046. Cowy 953. Cowney 411. Câ—yn fl 1014. Câ—â—fala 411. Câ—â—ti 738 742. Câ—ytmoss-hill 497. Câ—ral 500 551. Cradoc 691. Craecca 101. Craga 710. Câ—anborn 50 234. Cranbroke 212. â—rane Sir Er. 385 386. Cranfields 335. Cranmer 488. Crashaw R. 497. Cravens 533 710 728 731. Crawfords 914. Crawdendale-waith 808 815. Crackenthorp-hall 813. â—â—rac 398 755 772 779. Câ—â—ach 494. â—â—ecca Rivulet 190. Creden fl 30. hill 579. Creigh 956. Creightons 905 945. Creke 432. â—â—EONES Cressys 485. Crevecer 191. Crevequer 209. Crew 561. Crew s Morthard 39. Crey St Mary 189. North ib. Creyford 190. Crey-fishes 760. Cricklade 85 101. Crida 566. â— Crispin 's Monument 211. â—rispin 39 140. â—rispinian Horse 707. â—roc 562. â—â—â—ckern Torr. 37. â—â—â—ckhern 59. CROCOCALANA 466 4â—7 Crodaegh 1021. Croeun 462. Croft-castle 577. Crofts ib. Cromb d'Abetot 525. Cromcruach 636. Cromarty 947 956. Cromer 390 947. Cromers 211. Cromwels 160 354 420 456 471 478 493. Crophuls 577. Crosbys 801 832 Cross of Stone a Boundary 930. Cross a costly one 121. Fraternity 138 Crosses built upon high places 840. erected in Church-yards 843. Cronch-back 796. Crouch-bay 344. Crowdendalewaith 569. Crowherst 178. Crowland 437 460 461. Crowther Br. 726. Croxden-abby 539. Croxton 491. Croyden 158 159. Cruces 996. Cruicston 918. Crysty Th. 291. Cuckamsley-hill 151. Cuckfield 173. Cuckmer-haven 174. Cuddington 158. Cudlington 255. Cujacius Jac. 118. Cukeney-manour 484. Culchit 789. Culfarth 369. Curlos a Barony 927 949. CUMBERLAND 819. Kings of 837. Cumbermer 560. Cumbernland 921. Cummerford 103. CUNETIO 98 104. Cunninghams 908 914. Cunnington 423. Cuno lxxxix Cunobelinus 278 308 347 348. Cupre 928. Curcies 58 714 979 1014 1021. Curcys 58. CURIA 899. Ottadinorum 854. Curlew-mountains 1005 1006. Curmi xxxv 492. Curraghmore Barony 98. Curson Sir Rob. 491 492. Curthhose See Rob. Curthose Curtius Montan 203. Curwens 823. Cusans 126. Customs King's 801. St. Cuthbert 755 772 773 774 776 779 780. St. Cuthbert's Body 862. Cuthburg 49. Cuthreds 253 307. Cuthwulph 258 280 286 291 447 448. Cylt or Chylt 277 283. Cymberth 117 130. Cyn 455. Cyngetorix 186. King Cynric 91 106 112 225 270. Cypman i.e. a Merchant 87. Cyppan what 87. Cyprus call'd Kerastis 1. broke off from Syria 207. D. DAbernouns 155. D'Abtot Ursus 520 525. D' Abtots 522. Daci 278. Dacre 175 545 776 831 835 836. Dacres 858. Dacorum-hundred 303. Dairels 281. Dal 931. Dalanson 473. Dalaley-castle 545. Dalboge 952 Dalby 442. Dalby Will 458. Dalegrigs 179. Dalemain 842. Dallington 179. Dalmaâ—ian-horse 291 501. Dalmatians brought over to serve in England 501 848. Daltons 999. Dalrea â—32 Dalreudinâ— 931. DAMNII 915. DAMNONII 1. Dan what 706. Dan riv 473 561. Danbury 346. Danby 753 754 766. Dan-denis what 32. Dane-end 303 Danes cli c. 13 26 29 31 35 43 48 60 61 62 63 88 142 154 155 190 194 202 210 218 219 222 235 258 272 279 310 316 325 328 349 365 368 372 383 397 468 529 558 575 637 710 720 721 738 778 780. Danes-bank 724. blood 352 398. castle 37. weed 458. field 291. moore plain 270. Daniel Bish of Bangor 665 of the W. Sax. 130. Daningshow riv 562. DANMONII 1. Danmunith 1. Dantleys â—7 102 134. Dantsey Jam Bar of 102. Dantrey 432. Danvers a Family 87 102 104 760. Danvers Henry 87 102 766. Sir John 102. Coniers 746. DANVM 480 707. Darcies a Family 346 351 472 724 766 998. Darcy Thomas Lord 352. Darels 99 211 756. Darent riv 190. Darfield 497. Dariena-straits 27. Darioritum in France 403. Darking 164 Darlaston 538. Darley-hill 497. Darly Lords of 918. Darly Lord 914 934. DARNII Dartford 190 216. Daubeneys â—64 170 179 7â—2 Daubenies Giles 319. Will. 172. Henry 59. Davenport 562. Davenports ibid. Daugledhau 635. David de Sciredun 28. I. King of Scots 894 II. King of Scots 124 Brother to William King of Scots 42. King of Scots laid waste North-Alverton 756. Brother of Prince Lhewelin 688. ap Jenkin ap Enion 655. S. David 641 643. S. David's 63â— c. Martin Bishop of 585. Peter Bishop of 632. Davies John 679. Davison Timoth. 872. DAVRONA 979. Dauranches 203. Dawneys 725 756. Dawney John 725. Dawns 560. Daws Sir Jonat 249. Dawtreys 181. Days longest 948. DEA fluv 909. Deae Matres 785 792. Deale 203. Deans clxxxviii Dean 232 437. Dean-forest 232 245. Deans a Fam. 437. Deben 373. Debenham ibid. Decebalus 277 278. S. Decombeâ— 58. S. Decumanus 58. d ee riv 555 556 636 909 939. Deemsters 1052. Deepdale â—31 Deepden 163. Deeping 462 464 476. Deeping-east 475. Defensores 800. Dees Ab. 955. Deheu 622 650. Deification lxxii Deincourts 465 266. Deincourt Edm. 465. Sir Ralph 483. Deira 706. Deir-land ibid. De la beres 577. De la Cres 5â—4 De la Launds 447 471. De la Ley 484. De la Mares 69 142. De la Mere 560. De la Pole see Pole De la val 858. De la Ware 172 238. Delf of Chalke 163. DELGOVITIA 737. Delgwe 738. Delvin Baron 998. DEMETAE 621. DEMETIA 100 622. Denbigh 679. Denchworth-north 139. South ibid. Denelage clxii clxviii Dengenesse 211. Dengy 344. Denhams 284. Denis Sir Tho. 31 33. Denmark xxxi Deny Hen. 665. Edward Lord 340. Dennet 957. Dennis's a Fam. 248. Dennys Sir Gilb. 248. Dens 179. Denton 774. Deorhirst 233 245. Depeham 396. Deptford 188 214 229. Derby 49â—
Gawthorp 714. Gearsy 1107. Geat where found 751 752. Geddington 434. Gedney-moor 66. Gee W. 745. Geese dropping down in certain place 751. Gelt what 669 835 Gemina Martia Victrix 347. Genevil 1006. Geneu what 7. Genii 708. Genissa 234. Genoua 709. GENOUNIA lxviii 649 650 704 705 Gentlemen in England who clxxxiv Geofrey Bishop of Constance 82 of Monmouth censured v vii xxxviii lxiv clxiii Vid. Galfrid George D. of Clarence 370 507 508 765. St. George an ancient Family 403. George E. of March 896. Gephyrae 279. Gerard Tho. Baron 531. Gerards Bromley ib. Gereves-end what 189. St. German 7 10 13 258 298 610 692. German Ocean 963. Germans their original xi St. Germains 902. Gerno fl 384. Gernegans 760. Gernons 345 407 466 491 1010. Gerrard Earl of Macclesfield 572. Gertrude 549. Gherberd 567. Giants-bones 351. dance 990. Giddy hall 342. Giffard John Lord 261 273 549 550. Walter 281 282. Gifford W. 154. John 250. William 322. Giffords Lords 239. Gilbert of Sempringham 464. Gilbertine Friers ib. Gilberts-hill 544. See Wreken-hill Gildas 258 568. Gildsborough 432. Gill what 835. Gill John 724. Gillesland 835 836. Gilling 761. Castle 755. Gillingham-forest 193 2â—â— Gilshaughlin 813. Gilpatrick a Dane 760. Gilpin 844. Gimes-graves 401. Gimmingham 390 397. Ging-Abbatissae 345. Ging-grave ib. Gipping fl 371. a Village ib. Gipseys see Vipseys Giralds Giraldines and Fits-Giralds 630 Giraldus Cambrensis 589 630. of Windsor 630 633. Girald Earld of Kildare 1002. Girnego 947. Girwii 408. Girwy 779 783. Gisburgh 753 766. Gises 235 236. Giflebert 406. Giso 68. Gladiol 662. Glal y Villaft 695 GLAMORGAN-SHIRE 609 613 614 620. Glamys 927 937. Glancolkeyn 1017. Glandilagh 993. Glanferd-bridge 472. Glan-Jores 998. Glan-lhin 468. GLANOVENTA 869. Glanvil Barth de 373 400. Sir John 38. Glanvils 376 390. Glasco 916. Glason fl 983. Glasniâ—h 7. Glassenbury 63 64 78. Pyramids of 66. Glass-houses 167. Glastum and Glas xxi xxix xxxv Glaziers 779. Gledsmore 303. Gleineu Nadroeth 683. Glemham 373. Glen fl 861. Glencarn 908. Glendale 861. Glendowr's Camp 527 528. Glene fl 408. Glen-Lion 951. GLESSARIA 1103. Glefton-Castle 803. Gletscher what 668. GLEVUM 231. Gline 173 1017. Glines 932. Glinnes 993. Glocester 231 234 235 246 247. GLOCESTER-SHIRE 231 232 245 251. Glocester Humphrey 189. Henry Duke of 333. GLOTTA 913 1069. Glover Rob. 130 147. Glovus 235. Glow what 235. Glyder 667 668. Glyn-Dowrdwy Owen 585 587 591 592 665. Glynne Sir W. 271. GOBANNIUM 585 598. Gobions 294 295 443. GOCCIUM 793. Goda 239 578. Godalming 154. Goderich-castle 578. Godfrey Brother to H. Duke of Brabant 345. Godiva 472. Godmanchester see Goodmanchester Godmenham 738. Godolcen-hill 6. Godolonac what ib. Godolphin Will. 21. Godricus 778. Godrus 60. Godshil 131. Gods-house 123 142 265 266 746. Godstow 255 269. Godwick 392. Godwin Earl 154 167 212 219 236 237. Francis 600. Godwin-sands 201. Godwins 280. Gogarth Prom. 666 Gogmagog-hills 406 415. Gâ—lborn 557. Gold for perpetual Lamps 719. Gold-cliff 597. Golden 7. Golden-vale 575. Goldings 986. Goldington Sir John 438. Gold-shavings 915. Gomer x xi xci ci civ Gonevil 404. Gonora 586. Gonshil 180 Goodman Dr. Gab 318. Goodmanchester 421 422 4â—6 Goodmans-fields 334. Goodrick Sir H. 733. Goodwin-sands 201. Goose 774. Gorambury 301. Gordon 949. Gordons Earls of Huntley 944. Gorges 238. Gorlois 12 Gorlston 376 Gormanston Vicount of 997. Gormo 421 422 371 772 780. Gornays 60 68. Gorwerth 635. Gospatrick 812 866 895. Gâ—sseford 857. Gotes what 467. Goths 277. Gottico ib. St. Govin's Point 617. Govenny fl 598. Gourneys 238. Gower a Poet 166. Gowle 725 Grace-dieu a Nunnery 447. Grafton 430 439 518 524. Dukes of 439 440. Graham 834 931 932 938. Sir Richard 842. Grahams-dike 921. GRAMPIUS-MONS 925 943. Grampound 8 22. Grandbeofe 755. Grand-Serjeanty 47 55 470 Grandisons 29 33 39 86 574. Granni what 897. Grant-cester 403. River ib. Grantham 467 727. Granthorp 833. Grant-maisnil H. 444 446. Grantsbain-hills 925 943. Granvil Sir Tho. 41 614. Sir Rich. 41 613. Gratian Emp. lxxxii Gravenors 557. Graves-end 190 216. Graven-hull-wood 271. The Graunge 132. Gregory W. 580. Grekelade 83 101 257. Grenvils 12. Greenchester 848. Greenhithe 216. Greenholme 811. Greens 431 434. Greenlow 301 Greenways 281. Greenwich 188 214. Greisley castle 490. Greisleys ib. Grenevil Earl of Bath 81. Grenhough 794. Grenocle 177. Grensted 179. Gresham 397 Sir Tho. 3â—9 310 323 397. Gresholm 1050. Gressenhall 393. Gretland 707. Grevil Lord Brook 443. Sir Fulk 88 512. Greys of Ruthin 393 598 630. Barons 765 766. Chillingham 937. Codnor 193 218 493. Dorset 33 52 67 378 426 507. Grooby 446 Kent 214 288 681. Poyis 65 Visc Lisle 139 Rotherfeild 266 762. Sandiacre 492. Stamford 452 476. Wilton 281 578. Greys 266 652 712 722 765 766 782 861 978 992 1013. Greystock 833 Barons of 545 755 782 796. Griffins 431 437. Griffith 677. St. Grimbald 257 258. Grime 471. Grimesby 471 479. Grimscar 708 Grimston-garth 740. Grimstons ib. Grindal A B. Cant. 841. Grinshil 553. Griphons 561. Grismund's Tower 240 250. Grobys 302. Gromlock 636. Gron what 403. Groninghen 403. Gronnes 62. Grooby 446. Groombridge 179. Grosvenours 577. Grossmont 595. Grosstest Robert Bishop of Lincoln 469. Groves and Groviers what 78. The Grounds 991 993. Grovils 471 472. Gruffydh ap Kynan 656 666. Gryffin Prince of Wales 576. Guar Earl of Warwick 507. Guarth what 501 586. Guel-hea what 140. Gubbins 38. Gueda 237 247 Gueord what 368. Guer what 713. S. Guerir 9. Guert 372. Guidi 958. Guido 46 49. Guilford 154 161 162. Sir John 212. East 182. Guilfords 211. Guin what 118. Guiscard 426. Guises 517. Guith what 899. The Gulf 1110. Gumrock 924. Gundulf 193 194. Gunora 577. Gunpowder-plot the Contrivers of 320 794. Gunters 590. Guorong what 187. Gurmon 240. Gurmundus 240 250. Gurney Matt. 577. Gur-taeni what 430. Guthlacus 460 461. Guthrun 421 422 772 780. Guy of Warwick 121 122 502 506 512. Guy-cliff 502. Guyse Sir John 250. Gwair what 690. Gwaly Vilast 628. Gwarth what 30. Ennion 586. Gwastedin-hill 588. Gwayr 502. Gwdh-glas 673. Gwely what 647. Gwen-draeth Vechan fl 621. Gwenthian 621. Gwerthrinion-cast 586. Gwiniad 656 662 669. Gwith 208. Gwy what 587 592. Gwyddaint 691. Gwydhgrig what 692. Vaen 694. Gwydryn-hill 675. Gwyg what 686. Gwyn 627. Gwyneth 649 650. Gwyn-vynydh 653. Gwyr what 629. Gwys 635. Gym-Wynas 661. Gynecia 118. Gynegium in Britain lxxviii Gynes Lords of 796. H HAardread Harold 722 736. HABITANCUM 849. Hach 90. Eustace de 90. Beauchamp 61. Hackington 200 Hackney Alice 331. Hacombe 29. Haddon 494 497. Hadham E. of Richm. 764. Hadleigh 341. Hadley 371. Hadington 522 895. Hadinton-hills 900. Hadrian Pope 299 302 475 308. Hadsors 1010. Hael hal c. what 765. Haesfield 233. Hage what 154. Haymond-Abby 546. Hagoneth-castle 372. Haia de Plumpton 832. Haies 930 992. Haigh 802. Haile fl 10. Hailweston 420. Hainault E. of Camb. 412. Haireholme 783. Hakeds what 422. Halden 672. Hale Sir Matth. 247. Rich. 304. Edw. de la 162.
996. Head 676 679. Homebury-hill 164. Home or Hume 894. Honniton 32 40. Honispel mannor 62. Honsdon 296. Honour of the Eagle 175. Honywood Mary had 367 Children descended from her 218. Hoo 190. Hoo and Hastings Tho. Baron 77. Hook Rob. 709 750. Hook-tower 998. Hooker Rich. 40. Hope 670 688. Hopton Sir Ralph 103. Castle 542. Hoptons 546. Hores 992. Horesci 649 650. HORESTI lxiii 906 909 951. Horewood 28. Horne what 1. Horne-castle 470 478. Horn-church 342. Hornby 762 794. Horns giving Names to Places 139 151 152. Hornsey â—48 Horsa 193. Horses Blood 1000. Horses highly valued by the Irish 1047. A Horse the Saxons Arms cxxx Horsford Barony 374. Horseies 48. Horsford 385. Horseheath 407. Horsey-b idge 437. Horsted 193. Horton 560 433 708. Sir Tho. 236. Castle 861. Hospitallers see Knights Hotham John 321. Hothams 738 753. Hoveden John 741. Houghton 391. Hounslow 310. Heath 327. Houth Barons 996. Howard T. Duke of Norfolk 333 354 Lord of Walden c. 35â— Will. 156. E. of Notingham c. 155. Tho 46 862. Baron of Marnhill 48. Earl of Northampton 440. Earl of Berks 152. Charles 163. Sir Robert 165. Jo. Baron 162. Hen Duke of Norfolk c. 181 Hen. Earl of Northampton 180 214 440. H. Earl of Arundel 274. H. Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal 394. 402. Will. Lord Stafford 540. of Effingham 156. Surry 162 166 Arun. 170 181 Suffolk 378 381. Nottingham 486 490. Howards 293 384 790 833 834 835 836. Howburne 949 958. Howden 737 741 742. shire 737. Howe 489. Howel 614 621 623 625 678 685 689. Howgil-castle 808. Howley 710 728. Hox what 212. Hoxon 375. Hubba 35 465. Hubberton 35. Hubert Archb. of Canterb. 98 354. Huckston-forest 543. Hudardus 563. Huddleston 713 Huddlestons 332 713. Huelebec 546. Huis te Britein 1004 1005 Hull 738. Hulme 800. Humber 471 472 702 707 737. Humbertus 215. Hume-Castle 893 901. Earl of 893. Humes 892 894 895. Humphreys 678. Humphrey Duke of Glocester 183 243 261 273 369 634. Hunderd-skell 546. Hundsworth 538. Hungale Rob. 730. Hungerborn 98. Hungerford Robert 12. Lords of 23 69 89 103 141 266 282. Robert Lord 78. Walter Lord 103 14â— Sir Tho 141. Hungerford ibid. Hunnibald vii HUNNUM 848. Hunsdon 196. Barons 222 223 342 836. Hunshill 433. Hunstanton 391 399. Hunt cliff 752. Huntercomb 578. Huntingfield 375. Huntingdon George Earl of 78 454. Francis Earl of ibid. Henry Earl 27. David 412 424. Huntingdon 420 421 426. Huntingdon-castle 577. HUNTINGDONSHIRE 4â—9 425. Huntly-Nabb 753. Marquisate 944. Hurlers 9. Hurleys 984. Hurst-castle 116 â—28 Huscarles what 46 520. Huseley 264. Husey Gâ—o 47. Huseys 997. Hussy J. Baron 465. Huzza's of the Irish 978. Hy 1071. Hyde Law E. of Rochester 219. Hyeâ—us 5 8 524. Hyeâ—tus 521. Hygre what 232 722. Hymel-castle 438. Hynts 537. I. JAL 681. K. James I. 333 423. II. 767. James D. of Monmouth 610 724. Baron of Mountjoy 50. Thomas 601. V. 905. II. of Scotland 893. IV. 862. Jane Dutchess of Northumberland 212 Janus lxxxviii Jarrow 779. Japheth x. Javan x xi xxix Ibarcan 1002. Iberi xxix Iâ—ERNI 978. Icaldune 352. Icanhoe 462. Iâ—â— 771. Icborough 393 401. ICENI 67 76 77 307 365 366 377 395 379. Ichene fl 510. Ichenild-street 365. Ichlingham 565 379. ICIANI 393. Ickford 284. Ickley 785. Icomb-kill 934. Icta 3. Idel fl 485 707. Idâ—eton 485. Idoerth 644. Idols Saxon 738 742. IDUMANUS fl 349. Jedburgh 893 900. Jeffreys 528. JENA 910. Jeneviles 585 541 547. Jenkins Sir L. 274. Jenne R. 101 102. Sir B. 535. Jepson Z. 733. Jerby 824. Jermin H. 223. Hen. 305. Jermins 369 403. JERNE 951. Jerneganes 376. JERNUS fl 978. Jervis-Abby 760. Jestin 31. Jethow 1110. Jett where found 163. Jewel John Bishop of Salis 35 92. Jews 452. â—fford 284. â—â—ley 270. Jia 10. S. Jies-Bay ibid. Jilson 457. Ickborrow 366 393 401. Iken what 365 378. Ikenild-street lxvi Ikensworth 366 369 379. Ikenthorp 366. Iksning 365. ILA 1071. fl 947. Il-bre Island 560. Ilchester 57. Ilfarcombe 35 41. Ilkley 713 731. S. Iltut's hermitage 593 611. Imanuentius 307. Imaus 663. Imperatores xcviii c. Inborrow and Outborrow 861 895. Incubi xix Inglebies 715. Ingram Arth. 729. K. Ina 59. Incent J. 302. Incnyht clxxviii Indus 379. Inererra 952. Ingelthorps 406. Ingelborne 86. Ingerstone 34â— Ingestre 538. Inglebies ibid. Ingleburrow-hill 791. Inglefield 142. Ingol fl 399. Ingulph 258 399. Inglethorp 399. Ingleton 284. Inheritances uncertain 1011 Inis Borind 1001. Ceath ibid. Kelling 1003 1009. Leag 988. Mor. v. xii Innerlothy 944 945. Innermarkie 952. Innermeth 934. Innerness 944. De Insula Families 831 132 139 403. Joan the fair Maid of Kent 476. Jocelin Bishop and Edred 69 526. Joffred Abbot 406 461. John Duke of Albany 934. John of Gaunt 295 315 450 701 763. S. Johns 85 124 160 285 614 479 754. Foreland 1013. Town 916. Johnson B. 333. Robert 455 457. Joies 1003. Jana 1071. Jones 245. Maur. 657. Gr. 672 984. Johnstons 907. Jonston J. 324. Jordan 74. Riv. 264. Jordans 1003. Jâ—sceline 172. Joseph of Arimath lxix 63. Josephus Iscanus 31 65 203 519. Jotcelin Mayor of London 312. Jovii 201 Ipres W. de 178 193 212. Ipswich 372 380. Irchenfield 575. IRELAND 964 966 969. Irish Cottages 675 677. Customs 1041. Bishops consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury 1012. Irk 787. Irmunsull lxvi Irnham 464. Irt 820. Irthing 835 836. Irton 840. Irwell 787. Irwin River 913. a burrough 913. Isa what 1013. ISANNIUM Prom. 1013. Isaac 212. ISANAVARIA 681. Isanparles 808. ISCA fl 29. Iâ—CA LEGIO 2da Aug. 599. ISCA DANMONIORUM 30 592. ISCALIS 59. Iscaw what 29. Ise River 378. Iseleiees 212. Isicii 962. Isis 44 85 137 139 241 251 264 379. Island of S. Mich. 26. Isle of Wight 127 113 117 130. Isleham 408. Islip 256 270. Sim. 192 194 210. Issodun R. de 177. Ister fl 555. ISURIUM Brigantum 717 734. Itchin fl 132. ITENE 284. Ithancester 344. ITIUM 208. ITIUS PORTUS 208. ITUNA 806. Jude S. Andr. 191. Judeal 28 34. Judges clxvii Ivel riv 48 288. Ivelchester 59. Iverton 848. S. Ives 422 426. Julian lxxx S. Julian's 602 604. Juliana 35. JULIA STRATA 602. Juliers W. 4 2. Julius Agricola in Brit. lvi lvii 558 674. Aaron 600. Belga 703 704. Caesar 's Expedit xxxix Classicianus liv Frontinus 573 574 599 602 lvii Hoff 921. Junius Severus Propr lxviii Ivon Bach 611. Jupiter Dolichenus 605. Jura 1071. Jury of 12 Men clxii clxix Justices in Eyre clxix 150. of the Peace ibid. of Assize clxxxvi Nisi Prius ibid. Justinian 635 640. Justus 194. Jutae 134. Jutes cxxiii cxxv Juxon Sir W. 239. Dr. Tho. 274. Ivy-castle 249. Ixning 367 379. K KAder 603. Arthur-hill 589. Dhin-mael 603. Idris 657. Verwyn ib. Ychen ib. Kadokston 620. Kadwen 658. Kadwgan 642 643. Kae 653 673. Kaer from 590 to 690. Kai what 689. Kaies 995. Kainho 287. Kaled what 925. Kallen v. Callen Kantrev 622. bychan ib. Kantrev selev 593. Karadok 597. Karker Kynrick 682. Karn
Ochie-Hole 67 78. Ochil-hills 939 949 951. Ochr what 7. Ock a Rivulet 138. Ocke fl 34. Ockham 155. W. de a great Philosopher ibid. Ockhampton 34 41. Ocra what 7. OCRINUM aut OCRANUM 7. Octavia Daughter of the Emperour Claudius 235. Octodurum 43. OCTOPITARUM Promont 631. Odcomb 60. Odda 245. Odiam 124. Odill 285 Odingsells 505. Odo 102 194 212 234 406 716. Offa 215 266 286 298 301 371 507 520 690. Off-Church 500. Offa-dike 85 585 587. Offalie 989. Offington 172. Offride 725. Offton 371. Ogles 858. Ogle-castle ibid. Barons of 859. Oglethorp Dr. O. 732. Ogmer 611. Ogo 79. Oilwy-brook 599. Oister hills 300. Oisterley-park 309. Okeham 455 457. Okeley 155 161 285. Okenwood 162. Oken-yate 530 545. Okindon-south 343. Okingham 148. Olaniage 246. Olanige 221. Olanus 652. S. Olave ' s-bridge 388. Old-Bale 717. Oldburrow 526. Oldbury 527 507. hill 102. Old-castle Sir J. 189 190. Old-court 993. Olderfleet 1017. Oldford 340. Oldham H. 274. Old man of Bullen 205. Old-street 470. Old-Town 573 848. Old-wark-spring 486. Oldwike 957. Old Winchester 850. OLENACUM 832. Oleron 1115. OLICANA 708 713. Oliphant Barons 943. Oliver John 349. Olorina an herb 943. O Neal Sir Ph. 728. Onion a Giant 126. penies ibid. hole 125. Onslow Sir Rich 164. Ophites 479. Opus Musivum 220. Oracles British 738. Orange-trees 165. Orbies 561. ORCADES 1073. ORCAS 949. Orchard 60 78. Ordale-tryal 44. Order of the Garter 145. ORDOLUCAE 650. Ordolucia 901. ORDOVICES 77 387 573 649. Ordulph 26. Ore fl 373. what 99. Orells 787. Oreford 373. Orewood 2. Orkney 1073. Ormesby 389 471. Ormesbys 447 471 557. Ormond 984. Ormskirk 790. Orry 1011. Orton 424 812. Market ib. Orwel fl 371. Harbour 373. Osca 865. Osculph 866. Osborn Th. Duke of Leeds 630 729 766. Osbrich 71. Osbright 720. Oseney-Abby 259. Osgodby 472. Oshere 523. S. Osith 351. Oskytel 275. Oslan 159. Osmund 51. Osney-Abby 254. Ospringe 217 Osric E of Southampton 134. Osrick 235. Ossory James E. of 333. Lower 984. Upper 987. Ostaei 1. Ostenhanger 209. OSTIDAMNII whether the same with DANMONII 1. Ostiones 1. Ostorius 67 365 377 431 440 541 551 573 703. in Britain xlvi Scapula 580. Oswald 263 470 548 519. S. Oswalds 853 Oswald's Law 521 525. Oswald's Street 566. Oswestre 548 554. Oswy 532 711 761. Otelands 155 162. Other-half stone 9 23. Otho 756 OTHONA 344. Otford 190 215. Otley 714. Otmore Plains 256 271. OTTADINI 847 899. Ottendun 275. Ottery fl 32. S. Mary 33. Mohuns ib. Otto 260. Overburrow 794 Overbury S. Tho. 83. Over-rhey what 153. Oversbridge 245. Overton 557. Market 458 812. Overthorne 740. Overus E. of Richm. 763. Oughtred W. 163. Oulney 282. Oundle 434. Ounesbury-Topping 753. OVOCA fl 992. Ouse fl 281 367 375 383 429 717. Ouseburne-brook 717. Ouseley 503. Ousney 257. Oustmen 992 995. Outburrow 861. Ow W. de 126. Owens 172 261 274 543 633 643 652 68â— 691. Owers Rocks 129. Owres 47. Oxburgh 401. Oxen 787. Oxenbridge 472. Oxenhall 774 OXFORD 256 to 262. John Earl of 6 293. OXFORDSHIRE 251. Oxney-Island 212. Oyster-green 641. hill 580. pits 196. P. PAbenham Sir L. 438. Pacatianus lxxvi Pacensian Regiment 585. Padstow 10. Paensut fl 555. Paeones 703. Paganels 535. Paganel J. Lord 104 Fulk Lord of Newport Pagnel 282. Paget W. Baron c. 309 532. Pagnel Sir W. 172. Palatines clxxv Palatinate Jurisdiction 539 553 567. Pall what cxlii 197. Palladius 940 953 968. Palmer Edw. 240. Pamber-forest 126. S. Pancrase-Abby 173. S. Pandionia 403. Pannage 179. Pant y Potion 624. River 344. Well ib. Pantulph 545. Panwen 620. Papyrio Card. sent to reform Corruptions in Ireland 1012 Par W. Earl of Essex 354. Baron of Horton 433. Marquess of Northampton 440. Parises 407. Pâ—RISI 735. Parishes England divided into clxix Parkers 371 385. Parker Matt. clxix 413. Parks where first in England 255. Parliaments clxxxiii Diabolicum indoctorum 514. Parret fl 59. Parrham 373. Parrs 761. Parry D. 6 7 Tho. 142. Paschal A 109. Pascentius 589. Pasham 282. Pasheley 210. Pasley-Monastery 918 958. Passelew 542. Paston 390 Pastane 387 390. Patern 642 Pateshul 529 531. Patishul 86 285 431. S. Patrick 63 631 921 968 983 1011 1013 1019 Patricks Barons of Malpas 557. Patrick's Bourn 200 Patrington 740 747. Pavelys 88. S. Pauls a Family 473 Paul a Notary in Britain lxxviii Paulinus 468. Pauncefore R. 231. Paunton Great 458 466. Pawlet Ch. Duke of Bolton 112 133 731. Pawlton 8. Pawton 7. Paynel Lord of Bampton 62. Paynswick 247 249. Peada 436 566. Peag-kirke 438 The Peak 493 497 533 802. a small Brook 539. Pearls Britt xxxix 666 840 924. 962. Pease 211 374. Peasfalong 789. Pebidiog 673. Peche 403. Pedderton 59. Pedred fl 59. Pedwardins 462. Pega 438. Pegase 68. Peito's 500. Pelagius the Arch-heretick 556 568 1015. Pele what 20. Peletor 295. Pelham 304. Pelhams 174 175 177. Pell what 5 57. Pembroke Earls of 61 370. Pemsey 175 182. Pen 60 62 105 278 791. PENBROKE-SHIRE 629 635. Penbroke 629 633 642. Penalht 649. Penbal-crag 857. Penbriges 545. Penbryn 648 677. Penda 240 374 410 548 565. 711 725. Pendennis-castle 7. Pendle-hills 791 802. Pendragon-castle 728 806. Pen-Gwyn 791. Pensherst 192. Pentrow 597. Penigent 791. Penistones 517. Penk fl 531. Penkridge 530. Pen-maen 666. Pennant 9. Pennigent 710. Pennine Alps 278. PENNOCRUCIUM 530 531 537. Penrose 22. Penryn 7. Pensans 6 19 21. Pensavas what 21. Pensherst 191. Pensneth-chace 530. Penteney 393. Pentre-Evan 636. Yskynthrog 594 Groydhel 678. Penvael 921 959. Penwith 3 5. Penworth 793. Penyson 782. Penysthorp 747. Peoplesham 195. Peperking R. 344 355. Peppards 992. Pepperness 221. Percebridge 571. Percepier 73. Percius 751. Percies 60 49 172 522 547 721 735 738 751 743 753 760 762 777 850 853 859 863 866. Perith 831. Perrot Joh. Lord Deputy of Ireland â—007 1017. Pershore 521. Pertinax Emp. lxx Perth 935. Peryn 7. Peshalls 542. Peter-pence cxlvii head 954. S. Peter in the Wall 344. Peter a Painter 332. S. Peter's pence 61 298. Peterill 833. Petilius Cerealis Propraet lvi 703. Petits 999. Petre's 343 345. Petre's post Quarry 712 713. Petrocus 11. PETRIANAE 833. PETUARIA PARISIORUM 738. 739. Petworth 172. Pevensey-marsh 174. Pever p. 288. fl 563. Peverels 346 403 405 433 486 494 496. Peytons 408. Pharamusa 175. Pharus 205 222. Phelem-ge-modona 984. Phelipps 375 393. S. Philibert 124. Philips Sir Edward 59. John 639. Norton 69. Town 989. Phiol what 608. Pichford R. de 542. Pickerings 835. Pickering 754. Pickworth 476. Picot 403. Pictland 895. Firth 1081. Picts lxxx cix 925 934 952 1081. divided into two Nations 952. Wall 837 c. Piddle-River 47. Pierpoints Earls of Kingston 483 746 Pight houses 1086. Pigots 281. Pile of Fouldrey 796. Pilkington 773. Pillerton 499. Pimble-mear 656. Pimpe 209. Pinhoe 40. Pinkneys 429. Pipwel 437. S. Piranus 10. Pitchfords 543. Pitcoal 445 458. Plads 934. Plaisy 345. Plantagenet 33 53 139 587 724 742 763. Playzes 353. Plessets Earls of Warwick 254 508. Plim
714 715 732 740 762 763 815. Romara W. de 58. Romark W. de 447 474. Romescot cxlvii 298. Romes-works 204. Romney 210 211 223. Romney old 210. Marsh 210. Sir W. 249. RONA 1071. Roos s Barons 457 466 470. Roose Rob de 390. Ros 630 641. Rosagon 22. Rosburg 893. Roscarrock 12 22. Roscommon County 1005. Barony 1007. Ros what 8. Barons of 904. Rosa 945. Rose what 22. Rosaby 477. Roseberry Topping 753 766. Rose-castle 478 839. Rose-land 8 22. Rose-trees 162. Ross R. de 754. Barons of 462. Râ—ssal 548 553. Roses 578 735 740 861. Barons of 910. Earls of in Ireland 901 945 948. Rossels 859. Rossington-wood 724. Rothamay-castle 944. Rotheram 7 6 724. Thomas 273 289 414 706 724. Rotherams 289. Rotherfield-Grays 266. Rothesia 1069. Rothes-Castle 943. Rothes Earls 929 930 943. Rathsay-Castle 914. Rous 50 512 918. Rouses 13 375. Routchester 856. Route 932. Routon 543 651. Rouwel 434. Rowcliff 834. Rowenna 187 213. Rowney Tho. 265. Rowte 1018. Royal Forests 807. Royston 292 403. Ruchal-Hall 355. Rud what 455. Rud 781. Rudheath 562. Rudston 748. Ruffe what 388. Rugby 501 510. Rugemount Castle 30. Rugs Irish 965 1048. Rughford-Abby 490. Rulos R. de 464. St. Rumbald 250 281 429. Rumeley 710. Rumford 342. Rumney 187. S. Rumon 26. Rumsey 117. Runck-horn 563. Runick-characters xcv cxvi 814. Run-Limestone 767. Rundway-hill 103. Runae 841 843. Runing-mead 309. P. Rupert 746. Rupibus Pet. de 122 123. Rushbrok 369. Rushton 434. Russel J. 31 40 319. W. Baron Russel 438. Ralph 238. Fr. Earl of Bedford 279 290. William Duke of Bedford 290 291. Russels an ancient family 521 528. in Ireland 996 1014. Russin 1057. Rut 455. Rutars 858. Ruthal Th. 250. Ruthen Patr. Earl of Forth c. 327. Ruthin 680 681. S. Ruth 's Church 910. Ruthtan R. 687. RUTLAND-SHIRE 455 457 460. Earl of 456. RUTUNIUM 544 651. Rutchester 848. Ryd 282. Rye 178 187. S. SAbiniana Ala 848. Sabridgworth 295. SABRINA fl 275. Sackvills 179. Baron Buckhurst 179. Earls of Dorset 52 55. Sacro Bosco J. de 708. Sacy-Forest 431. Sadler Sir R. 295. Saffron 353. Saint-foine 161 411. SALENE 288. Salbies 859. Salisbury R. Bishop of 9â— Rog. Bishop of 87 106 257 595. W. Earl of 93 357. Plains 89. Old 91 105. New 91 107. Salkeld 832. Sallustius Lucullus lxiv. Salmon-leaps 633 641 942 1010. Salmon 776 795 855 900 904 941 962 1017. hunting 908. breed 941. catching 855. Salt 902 905 made of Sea-sand 90. of Sea-water 123. Salt-ashe 10 20. Salt-hills 460. Salt-pans 9â—2 Salt-pits 516 561. Salt-stones 775. Salt-springs 516 518 561. How to make Salt 518 524 561. Salters-load 437. Saltess 13. Saltfleet-haven 479. Saltfletby 479. Saltons Barons of Abernethy 944. Saltry 423. Salt-springs 516 517 561. Salston 406. Saltwiches 561. Saltwood 209. Salwarp fl 518. Salwaynes 741 751. SAMAROBRIVA 301. Samphier 204. Sampier 557. Sampson 285. Samuel P. 332. Sanbriock from whence deriv'd 980. Sanctuary where erected 738. The Sand Nottinghamshire 484. Sandal-castle 710. kirk 726. Sanderson Bishop 477 724. Sandes Barons de 124. Sandfords-well 612. Sandgate-castle 210. Sandiacre 492. Sandon 531. Sands Earl of Feversham 220. Lord Sands 124. Sandihead 958. Sandwich 187 202 203 222. Earls of 222 333. De Sandwico a Family 203. Sandy 288 289. Sandys Sir Edw. 279 803 804. Sangues loo 176. Sanham-castle 128. Santon 41. Sapcots 424. Sapels 984. Sapperton 250. Sapple 419 425. Saracens 3. Saracens-head 711. Saragosa 106. Sarden great 537. Sarsfelds 996 Sarisburiensis Joh. 85. Sarmatae 792 Sarn Helen 656 661. SARNIA 1108. Saronidae xv Sarsden-stones 151. Sathbregia 780. Savages 563 1016. Savaren fl 980. Savaricus 63. Savenby 505. Savils Sir J. 707 710 728. G. Marq. of Hallifax 726. Ann 724. Earls of Sussex 183. of Medly 724 a numerous Family 709. Saulden 281. Saultry-Abby 288. Sauhquer-castle 907 910. Saunders E. 624 627. Savoy P. 176 178 191 317 764. Saxham 369. Saxon Alphabet cxxxviii Saxons 59 70 218 221 706 738 742 Say Eust de 527. Say Barons of 60 188 193 214 528 577. Sayn 1113. Scalby-castle 835. De Scales Barons 293. Lords of 376. Scalmney 1050. Scarba 1071. Scarborough 749 765. Scarrs what 493. Scarsdale ib. Earls of 497. Sceaft 48. Sceat what 61. Sceorstan 253 269 523. Sceilcester 853. Scipio Africanus 200. Sciredun 28. Schorburgh 738. Sclover Manour 178. Scordium 409. Scot Michael 827. Joh. E. of Hunt 426 493 566. Scoteney 471. Scots a Family 209. Scotland subject to the A. B. of York formerly 719 its boundary where 763. Scots destroy'd Pendragon-castle 728 762. serviceable to the French 943. beaten 777. Scots-hall 209. Scouts 897. Scratchbury 105. Scremby W de 465. Screvens 715. Scringers 953. Scrivelby 470. Scroby 485. Scroops 88 489. Scrope R. le 489 722 760. W. Earl of Wilts 99. E. of Sunderland 489. Scropes Lords 489 760 784. Scudamores 578. Scurvy-grass 189 215. Scylly Islands 5. Sodorensis Episcopus 1057. Scythians why so call'd cxxiv Sea depth of 946. Sea-brook 236 246. Sea-coal what 771. Sea-liverwort 641. Seals when first us'd in England 345. Sea-calves 168 752 753. A Seaman fed with raw Fish 752. The Seame 1113. Seasdon 536. Seaton 33 40 192. Seavenshale 848. Sebba 315. Seberht 308 314. Sebert 317 404. Secandunum 507. Seckinton 507 516. Seffrid 168. SEGELOCUM 480 484. Seg-hill 858. SEGODUNUM ib. SEGONTIACI 77 123. SEGONTIUM 665. Segonax 186. Segrave 448. John de 209. Gilb. de 330. Stephen 424. Nich. 452 506. Segraves 447 506. Seimor Sir Th. 240. Roger 61. Edward 597. Seimours 597. Seincler Barons 927. Seinclers 948. Seiont fl 662. Sel 111 126. Selaby 774. Selby 722 736. Selbrittenden hundr 211. SELGOVAE 905. Selkirk 894. Selscomb 182. Selsey 168. Selwood 62 69 104. Semarcs 438. Semour Pool 759. Sempil 918. Sempringham 464. Sena 1113. Seneca 's Vsury in Britain 366. Seneschals of Ireland 982. Sentclers 1074. Sentleger 192. SENUS fl 999. Sequana 379. Serf's-inch 949. Sergius Orata 350. Serjeaux 209. Serk 1110. Serpent-stones 72 751 765 Servanus 733. Session in Scotland 891. SETANTII 665. SETEIA 557. Set-Isles 1110. Setons 897 902 858. Earls of Dumfermling 927. Setta what 43. Sevenburgenses 865. Seven-mile-dyke 407. Seven-night 379. Seven oke 190 215. Sevenok Sir W. 189 214. Seven-stones 20. Severn River 231 233 245 529 649. SEVERIA 91 106. Severus Emp. lxx 718. Seward John 596. Sexburga 195. Sexwulph 411 436 519. Seymour Jane 61. Dukes of Somerset 51 61 76 83. Earls 304 306. Henry 78. of Castle-cary 444. Seymours 859. Sezay 756. Shafts 2. Shaftsbury 48. Earls of 54. Shakespear W. 512. Shanon-river 983 999. Shap 816. Sharnburn 391 399. Sharp A. B of York 726. Sharpnote 128. Shaston 53. Shavington 561. Sheafield 706 723. Sheals 851. Sheaths what 562. Sheep long-neck'd 238. with six Horns 1007. Sheerness 219 229 Sheffields Barons 473 766. Sheldons 239 249 268 274. Shelford 288 483 488. Shelley 172. Shelsey 528. Shelton 372 384. Shene 157 310. Shengay 403. Shenton 349. Shepey-Island 194 219. Sheriff what 457 893. Sherry-hutton 755. Shillingston 49
what 658. TROJA NOVA 308 310. Trol 105. A Trophy 67. Trotman S. 248. TROVIS 999. Trout-Alpine 803. Troy-house 603. Trubridge 88 93 105. Trueardraith-bay 8. True-place 848. Trumpington 412. Trunks of Trees in the Sea 632 635 Truro 7 19. Trury 285. Trusbutt 470. Tryal of Ordeal 44. Tuchets 90. Tuchwic-grounds 271. Tudenhams 375. Tuddington 288. Tudenham 233. Tudwel 671. TUEROBIUS fl 641. Tufa 12. Tuftons E. of Thanet 222. Tuisco xix cxxx Tuesday ibid. Tulibardin 929. Tulket 796. Tullo Vicount 988. Tully R. 246. Tumuli what 125. Tunbridge 191 216 279. Tungri 835. Tungricans 205. TUNOCELLUM 857. Tunstall 794. Turbervills 47 611 614. Turbery what 663. Turets 545. Turgot 783. Turkel 423. Turketyl 768. Turkyl 372 503. Turlogh 1020. Turman 301. Turnacenses 210. Turnot 301. Turold 436. Turpris 443. Turstin 529. Turthill-fields 3â—2 Turton-chappel 787. tower ibid. Tutesbury-castle 534. Tutts 999. Tuxford 489. Twedale Sheriffs of 895. Twede fl 86â— 894. Twedesdale ibid. Twift fl 192. Twr Bronwen 657. Tydd 475. Ty gwin 623. Tylney-smeeth 392 400. Tyrants thirty lxxii Tyrrels 115 284 285. Tywisog what 686. V V Changed into M in Brit. 939. Vaccarii what 739. VACOMAGI 924 925 943. Vacuna 365. Vidimon a Lake 917. Vaenor 593. VAGNIACAE 192. Valectus what 739. Vale Crucis Monast 681. Vale riv 7. Vale of Bucks 28â— 284. Vale-Royal 501. Valentia Aud. de 319. Will. de 142 319 4â—â— 633. Baron de 977. Valences in Ireland 992. Valentine raises Disturbances in Brit. lxxxi Valentinian Emp. lxxx Valesii for Valerii 1. VALLVM cviii cxii 778. Valoinies 373. Valtort 10 20 26. Valvasors what lxxii lxxvi 712. Vanara Queen 952. Vandals cviii Vandal riv â—58 VANDELEIRIA 406. VARARIS Murray 943. Varia what 687 689. VARIS ibid. Vavasors 712 721. Vaughan R. 671 693. Vaulx Nic. 434 778. Vawtort's Home â—0 Ubbanford 862. Ublogahel 1019. Uch what 847. Uchel what 8. Uchelogoed 671. Uchiltrey-castle 914. Barons of ibid. Udecester 237. Udecot 546. VECTA 127. Vectius Bolanus Propraetor lv VECTURIONES 925. VEDRA 775. VELABRI 977. Vellocatus 703. Venables 275 561 563 565. VENANTODUNUM 421. VENEDOTIA 650. VENETI ibid. VENETICAE INSULAE 1114. Venice 709. Venis 238. VENNICNIUM Prom 1019 1021 VENNICNII ibid. Vennyton-bridge 40. Venomous Creatures not to be met with in Ireland 965. nor the Isle of Man 1062. nor Garnsey 1108. VENTA BELGARUM 118. ICENORUM 385. SILURUM 596 597. Venutius 703. Veranius li. defeated 573. Verbeia 713. Verbenae 785. Verdons 443 447 506 534 539 577 1010. Vere Fr. and Horat 267 268. Robert de 251 268 354. Aubry de 350. Joanna 161. Alberic de 267. John 29. Earls of Oxford 267 268 275 407 996. Vergivian-Sea 963. VERLUCIO 89 104 105. Verneys 502. VERNICONES 939. VERNOLIUM 290. VERNOMETUM 440 446 447 448 454 458 466 486. Vernons 36 494 545 561. VEROLAMIUM 296 305. VERTERAE 806 812. Verulam 296 297 305. Vesceys 189 467 754 775 860 989. Vespasian the Emperor in Britain xlvi lvi 113 122 129. Vetusians 196. Veturius for Vetusius 1. Uffa 365. Uff-kines 366. Ufford 373. John 192 217. Robert de 373 375 471 1007. Uffords 322 408. Vicecomites what clxxvi 323. Vicounts when first brought into Scotland 892 896 Vicegerent of Britain vii xxli Victores a Rom. Cohort 201. VICTORIA 365 692 899 958. Victorinus Governour of Britain lxxxv VICUS MALBANUS 561. VIDOGARA 911. VIDUA fl 1021. Vignones 231. Villa what 368. VILLA FAUSTINI 352 368. Villages 520 526. Villers 286 333 5â—4 680. Villiers 216 448. Villula J. de 68. S. Vincent's Rock 75 248. VINDOGLADIA 49. VINDOLANA 856. VINDOMORA 857. VINDONUM 124. VINDERIUS fl 1016. Vines when first in England 124. why none in Ireland 965. Vineyards in England 231 245. VINOVIUM 775. Violent Storms 39. Vipont Rob. de 278 651 707. Viponts 837. Vipseys what 741 748 749. Virius Lupus Legate and Propraetor in Britain lxxi 713 761. VIROCONOVIUM 622. VIROSIDUM 833. VIRVEDRUM 949. Le Viscont John 860. Visi-Gothi 149. Visi-Saxones 150. Vitae or Witae 134. Viterinus 708. Vitsan 208. Ulcomb 191. Uleigh 237. Ulestanston 546. Uliarus 1115. Ulles-water 803. Ulmetum 754. Ulphus 720. Ulpius Marcellus Propraetor lxviii Ulster 1007. Earls of 1021. Ulysses never in Britain xxxvi 792. â— 's Altars 925. Umbrae what 589. Umfranvils 465 832 854 855. Umpires 787. Uneslaw 298. Universities formerly called Studies 258 260. VODIAE 979. Voelas 679 683 684. Voisy J. 505 513. VOLANTIUM 825. VOLUBA 7 22. VOLUNTII 1007. Vortigern 187 213 307 314 586 589. Vortimer 194 200 215 218 221 468. 586. De Voto 9â—1 Uphaven 111. Upland-men 408. Uppingham 455 457. Upsall 747. Upton 436. Uraights 1018. Ure river 715 759. Uren 691. Uresby 477. URICONIUM 544 545 552. Urie 953 Urmston 804. Urquhart 947. Ursa major 943. Ursula and the 11000 Virgins 13 144 Ursus 520 522 525. Ushant 1113. Ushers in Ireland 996. Usk river 589 592 598 599. Uskebah 965 1048. US-OCONA 545. Utburrow 985. Utcester 534. Uther Pendragon 12 151 298. 812. Uthred 776. Vuedal 121. Vulfald 530 531 538. UXANTISSA 1113. Uxbridge 309 325. Uxellodunum 8. Vyrnwy 587. UZELLA 8 58 62. Uzellum 906. W WAbridge 419 425. Wachopdale 910. Wada 751 791. Wades 751 848. Wadebridge 23. Wadham Nic. 262 274. Wahulls 285. Wainfleet 408 472. Will. 261 471. Wakefield 710 727. Wake Lords of 431 433 463 739. Wakes 29 60 290 431 464 476 477. Walbrook 312. Walcher Theob 779. Walchervil Lords of 484. Waldcotfield 72. Waldebeofs 590. Walden-Saffron 352. Waldeof 301 866. Earl of Huntingdon c. 122 423 425 439. Waldgraves 79 371. WALES clxviii 573 583 566 590 695. North 649. South 573. West 1 621. Walesborough 13. S. Walefy 254. Waleton 372. Waley 791. Walford 580. Walfleet Oysters 345 350 356. Walker Ob. 728. Wall a Village 530 537 580. Wall of Hadrian 919. Antoninus Pius ib. Rom. in Scotl. 906 921 958. Forts upon it 959. Walls-end 857. Walland-Marsh 223. Wallbery 353. Wallingford 139 151. Walleran 520. Wallerond 575. Wallers 103 180 278. Walloons 221. Wallops 117. Wallot 344. Wallwort 352. Walmer 203. Walmsford 424 435. Walney 796. Walnut-tree that never buds before S. Barnaby 's Eve 64. Walpole 392 412. Walsal 529. Walselmeston 408. Walshes 237 391 528 990 993. Walsingham Sir Francis 211 315 390 391 398 401. Walsoc 392. Walter Theob 793. Hubert 400. de Burgo 1003. Bishop 866. Waltham-Forest 122 339. Laurence 144. Cross 325. on the Wold 448. Waltheof 774. Walton 162 359 392 493 580. Waltons 793. Waltown 850 906 959. Walwick 848. Wanborow 100. Wandlesbury 406 Wandsworth 159. Wandsditch 85 100. Wansted-Park 342. Wantage 139. Wantsum River 200. Wapentack-Court 746. Wapiham 429. Wappentacks clxvii clxviii War between York and Lancaster by whom raised 758. Warbeck who 31. Warblington 123. Warburgton 563. Ward Seth 214. Humble Lord 535. Warden of the Cinque-ports 187. Wardon 287 431. Wardour-Castle 90. Ware 295 304 513. Sir James 784. Waremund 501. Warham 47 54. Wark 82. Warkworth 775 859. Warlewast W. 28 39. Warlike Engines 287. Warmington 499. Warner Bishop 214. Warners
542. Warnford 122 123 133. Warrens 50 375 476 565 682 710 989 1010. Earls of Surry 60 160 161 173 393 565. Warren Earl of 463 476 796. Warrington Earls of 789 801. Warwick 801 501 511. Court 250. Earls of 60 94 194 250 254 507 516 614 773 813. Warwift W. 13. Washes 392 455 459 730. Washbourn 520. Wastes 851. Watch-towers 220. Watchet 57 77. Waterdon Forest 179. Water-falls 805. Water-crook 810 981. Waterton 233 710. Waterford 801 981. Watford 302. Waterhouse J. 479. Watlesbury 544. Watlingstreet 181 289 296 301 326 420 442 443 450 452 506 507 509 530 537 544 553. Watlington 267. Watson J. 479. Wauburn 390. Waveney fl 375. Waverley 154. Waybridge 419 425. Ways in Britain lxvi lxvii Weadmore 67. The Wealde 191 196. Weah what 1. Wear 32. Wears 855. Weare 31 295 304 544. Weastmean Tithing 123. Webly 577. Wedding what 81. Weddsborough 529. Wednesday why so call'd cxxx Wedon 429. on the street 432. Weels 909. Weeting 401. The Weilde or Wilde of Sussex 165. Weisford C. 991. Well 802 808 Wells call'd Hell-kettles 774. a Manour 47. City 68 79. R. Bishop of 69. bituminous in Lanc. 801. burning 802. Oily 906. Barons of 471 915. Welladon 438. Welland riv 437. Welch 18 233 659. Pool 651. Wem 239 545. Wemmis 927 930. Wendlebury 271. Wenlock 543. J. Lord 289. Wen man 264. Wenmer 301. Went 707. nether 604. over ibid. Wentesdale-Vally 759. Wentser 593 597 604. Wentsern riv 385. Wentworth 706 723. Barons 265 319 371 706 766 723. of Gosfield 352. Weolstan Earl of Wilts 99. Weorth what 368 529. Were riv 104 775 777. Weremuth 783. Werâ—in-meadow 581. Werâ—â—castle 861. Werminster 89 10â— Werstan 34. Weseham Gilb. de 381. West W. de 172. Westbury 104 234 248. College 74. West-Dean 1â—7 Western Britains who 1. Isles 1070. Westfield 3â—0 372. Westley 331. Wests 172. Westminster 317 319 332 333. West-Meath County 998. WESTMORELAND 80â— 809. Earls of 808. Barony of 811. Weston 239 249 271 530. Westons 52 155 161. West-Saxen-Lage clxii Westwood H. 250. Wetherby 714 732. Wetherfield 358. Wetherull 832. Wever-hill 534. River 560. Wexford 801. Wey fl 45 153. Weymouth 45. Whaddon 281. Whaly 560. Wharlton-castle 753. Wharton Mich. 744. Philip Lord 284 806 812. Tho. Baron 319. Sir Tho. 834. Whartons 734. Wheallop-castle 807. Wherp fl 713. Whethamsted 294. Whetstones 191. Whin what 8 8. Whitburn 784. Whitchurch 281 582. Whitby 750 765. Whitchester 848. Whitdick 201. Whites 115 262 273 990 992 1013 1014. White Church 549. White Down 163. White Ale 39. White Horse-vale 137. White Hill 156. White Coat 902. White-Hart-forest 47. silver ib. White-Horse-hill 150. White-shole-Hill 105. Whiterne 911. White-haven 840. Whitgift A. B. of Cant. 159 200 471. Whltgar 129 134. Whitley 563 709 836. Whitneâ— 253 575. Whitred 204. Whitsand 208. Whittington 549. Whittle 802. Whorwell 117. Whotspurre 850 867. Whyte-Cart fl 924. Wic what 188 231 278 283 385 396 516. Wiccia 523. Wiccii 23 516 523. Wiccingi cli Wich 28 518. Wiches what 341 516. Wich-houses 561. wood-forest 253. Wicker 408. Wicker-boats 982. Wickerford 468. Wickham 121 188. William 121 146 261 273. Wickhampton 50. Wickliff J. 443. burnt 40 years after his death ibid. Wicklow 993 Widdevils 430 431. Widdrington Sir Tho. 734. Widehay 141. Wideviles 130 293 431. Wife given and granted to another 172 242. Wifle fl 947. Wigenhall 392. Wiggin 790. Wighill 731. Wight Isle of 127. Wighton 737. Wightwick R. 274. Wigmore 576. Wigod 140. Wigston Sir W. 446 452. Wigton 910. Wiift 1071. Wik 948 958. Wike-were 238. Wilberham 407. Wilburhams 560 565. Wilcot 271. Wilford Joh. 191. Capt. 895 Wilfred Bishop 129 168 716. Wilkins Bishop 810. Willey 89. Willebourne fl ibid. Willeley 542. Willis Dr. Tho. 111. Willoford 836. Willoughbies 471 492. Barons Brook 61 88 376 503 520 753. of Wollaton 52. of Parham 472. Sir Fr. 481. Sir Hugh 492. Willoughby 485. Williams J. Baron of Tame 263. John 648. Willimotes-wic 848. Wilmots E. of Rochester 219. Willy fl 379 Wilton 90 105 401 578. castle 753. WILTSHIRE 86 99 112. Wimbleton 159. Wimondham 447. Wimondley 294. Wimund 257. Win Sir Edm. 707. Wina 120. Winandermere 796 803 805. Winburn 49 55. St Giles 50. Winceby 478. Winchelsea 178 182 187. Winchester 118 119 121 132 133. Old 123. Winchindon 280 284. Winco-bank 724. Wincup John 733. Windham 385 396. Windsor 145 147 152 179 278. Forest 148. Old 147. Windesore 30â— Windruch fl 253. Windugledy what 49. Winecaunton 59 67 75. Winel J. 543. Winfield 493 711. Winford-Eagle 51. Wing in the Names of Towns 897. Wingfields 375 424 427 436. Winifred 30. St Winifrid 688 690 691. Winnington 563. Winsius 525. Winâ—ted 740. Winster 806. Winter Sir Will. 233. Sir Charles 234. Winters 233 248 522. Winterborne 52 Winterbourn 93 238. Winterton 390. Winton 902. Winwick 789. Wippedfleet 200. Wiral 560 570. Wirkinton 823. Wisbich 411 437. Wiscâ—mb 33. Wisk fl 756. Witches in Athol 935. Witenham-hill 275. Witering 168 172. Witham 727. Witherensey 740. Witherslack-chapel 810. Withred 201 204. Witland-abby 623. Witley-great 528. Wittering-heath 438. Wittham 346 358. Wittingham 49. Wittlesmere 423. Witton 775. Witty-green 271. Wivelcomb 60. Wiverby 486. Wiverton 484. Wizo 630. Woburn 288 291. Wobury 581. Woc what 78. Wockney-hole ib. Woden cxxx 85. Wodenoths 561. Wodensburgh 85 100. Wodensdike 98 111. Woderingtons 852. Wokensetna clxvii Woking 155. The Wold 448 735. Woldsbury 89. Wolf-hall 97. Wollaston 233 245. Wollaton 481. Wollover 861. Wolphald 436. Wolpher 123 129 153 179 432 436 530 531 538 Wolsey Cardinal clxx clxxi 262 274 372. S. Wolstan 510 Wolves 494 645 655 742 947 965 Wolvehunt 494. Wolvesey 121 133. Wolvey 270. Wolver-hampton 529. Wolverington 281. Wolverton 282. Women when they sacrificed 608 Womer fl 301. Wondy 597. Wodbery-hill 527. Woodborow 100. Woodbridge 373. Woodchester 247 607. Woodcote 159 214 217. Woodford 46. Wood-hall 294 296. Woodham-walters 346. Woodhay 133 560. Woodlark R. 404 413. Woodland 51 503. Woodley 39. Woodnesfield 236. Wood-rising 386. Woodstock 255 269 Edm. E. of Kent 213 463. Tho. of Duke of Glocester c. of Essex 243 319 354 440 742. Wool of an odd nature 1016. Woolman 69. Woolwich 230. Wooton-gate 271. Worcester 518 519. WORCESTSER-SHIRE 516 523. Worcester R. 45. Florence of 800. Word-forest 179. Worden-pool 271. Workensop 485 490. Workesworth 494. Wormegay 393. Wormhill 494. Wormleighton 499 510 784. Worms-head-point 617. Worsley Sir Robert 132. Henry 331 431 c. Worsley's Tower 128. Worsted 389. Stuffs 387 389. Worthington 789. Wortleys 706 723. Worton 540. Wothorps 442. Wotton 164 534 538. Basset 86. Under-edge 238 248. a noble Family 192. Nichol. nine times Embassador 192. Baron Wotton 192. Wottons in Ireland 1010. Would what Wraysholm-tower 804. Wrechwic-green 271. Wreke-rivulet 442. Wreken-hill 544 Wrenoc 736. Wrexham 587 681. Wrey Sir Chr. 405. Wring-cheese 9 23. Wrinton 87. Wriothesleys Earls of Southampton 88 122 128 134. Writtle 346 357. Wrongey 393. Wrothes 325. Wrotham 193. Wrottesley 529 535.
whatever we admir'd in you still continues and will continue in the memories of men the revolutions of ages and the annals of time Many as inglorious and ignoble are bury'd in oblivion but Sidney shall live to all posterity For as the Grecian Poet has it Virtue 's beyond the reach of fate From hence the river Medway 30 Branching it self into 5 streamlets is joyn'd with as many stone-bridges and thereof giveth the name of Tunbridge to the town there situate as the town of bridges This about K. William Rufus's time Richard son of Count Gâ—lbert Grandchild to Godfrey Earl of Ewe and Lord of Briony goes on to Tunbridge Tunbridge where is an old Castle built by Richard de Clare who got it by exchange for Briony in Normandy For his grandfather Godfrey natural son to Richard 1. Duke of Normandy was Earl of Ewe and Briony For after a long contest about Briony Richard as we are told by Gulielmus Gemeticensis in recompence for the same castle took the town Tunbrige in England For they affirm that the Lowy of Briony was measur'd about with a line and that he râ—ceiv'd an equal quantity of ground at Tunbrige measur'd by the same line brought over into England 31 Shortly after he built here a fair large Castle fenc'd with the river a deep ditch and strong walis And albeit it is now ruinous and the Keep attir'd with ivy yet it manifestly sheweth what it was But his successors Earls of Glocester 32 And sirnam'd de Clare for that they were Lords of Clare in Suffolk built here a Priory for Canons of S. Austin's Order founded the Parish-Church which was impropriated to the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem and compounded about the Tenure of the Manour for which there had been long suit * The Lowy of Tunbridge Leuca * Clientelari jure held the manour as they call it of Tunbrige of the Archbishops of Canterbury upon condition that they should be stewards at the instalment of the Archbishops and should grant them the Wardship of their children 33 From those Clares Earls of Glocester it came by an heir general to Sir Hugh Audley Earl of Glocester and by his only daughter to the Earls of Stafford who were afterward Dukes of Buckingham and from them by attainder to the Crown It hath in latter ages been beholden to Sir Andrew Jude of London for a fair Free-school and to John Wilford for a Causey toward London Three miles directly south from hence in the very limit of Sussex Whetstenes and near Frant I saw in a white sandy ground divers vasty craggy stones of strange forms whereof two of the greatest stand so close together and yet severed with so streight a line as you would think they had been sawed asunder and Nature when she reared these might seem sportingly to have thought oâ— a Sea n From hence Medway glides forward 34 From Tunbridge Medway passeth by Haudelo from whence came that John Haudelo who happily marrying the heir of the Lord Burnell had issue by her a son who was call'd Nicholas summon'd to Parliament among the Baronâ— by the name of Burnell Then Medway encreased with another water called Twist which twisteth about and insulateth a large plot of good ground runneth on not far from Mereworth c. not far from Mereworth Mereworth where is a house like a little Castle which from the Earls of Arundel came to the Nevils Lords of Abergeuenny and to Le Despenser whose heir in a right line is Mary Fane to whom and her heirs King James in his first Parliament restor'd gave granted c. the name stile title honour and dignity of Baronesse le Despenser and that her heirs successively be Barons le Despenser for ever Barâ—nâ— Despâ—â— Ounâ—â—â— Letteâ—â— tents The Medway 35 Having receiv'd a rivulet that loseth it self under ground and riseth again at Loose serving 13 fuling-mills hastens next to Maidstone which because the Saxons call'd it Medwegston and Meopeageston I am inclin d to believe is the Vagniacae mention'd by Antoninus Vagâ— and nam'd by Ninnius in his Catalogue of Cities Caer Megwad corruptly for Medwag Nor do the distances gainsay it on one hand from Noviomagus and on the other from Durobrovis of which by and by Under the later Emperors as we learn from the Peutegerian Table publishd lately by M. Velserus it is call'd Madus And thus we see in progress of time names are chang'd by little and little Maâ—â—â— This is a neat and populous town 36 For the â—air stone-bridge it hath been beholding to the Archbishops of Canterbury Among whom to grace this place of the conscience or waters Boniface of Savoy built a small College stretch'd out into a great length In the middle it has a Palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury begun by John Ufford Archbishop and finish'd by Simon Islip †and between them which it standeth in plight William Courtney erected a fair collâ—giaâ—â— Church in which he so great a Prelate and so high born lieth lowly entomb'd Here is likewise one of the two common Gaols of this County 37 And it hath been endow'd with sâ—ndry Privileges by K. Edw. 6. incorporated by the name of Mayor and Jurates all which in short time they lost by favouring rebels But Queen Elizabeth amply restor'd them c. and it is beholding for a great many immunities to Queen Elizabeth who made their chief Magistrate a Mayor instead of a Portgreve which they had till that time Portgâ—â—â— a thing I the rather take notice of because this is an ancient Saxon word and to this day among the Germans signifies a Governour as Markgrave Reingrave Landtgrave c. o Here below the Vagniacae the Medway is joyn'd by a small river from the east which rises at Leneham very probably the Durolenum of Antoninus writ falsly in some Copies Durolevum Duâ—â—â— Laâ—â— For Durolenum in British is the water Lenum and beside the remains of the name the distance from Durovernum and Durobrovis confirms this to be the Durolenum not to mention it's situation upon the Consâ—lar way of the Romans which formerly as Higden of Chester affirms went from Dover through the middle of Kent Hard by at Bocton Malherb Bocâ—â— Maâ—â—eâ—â— dwelt long since the noble family of the Wottons of which within our memory flourish'd both Nicholas Wotton Doctor of Laws Privy Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth sent Embassador to foreign Courts nine times and employ'd thrice in a Treaty of Peace between the English French and Scots and so run out the course of a long life with great commendations both of piety and prudence as also 38 Sir Edward Edward Wotton Barâ—â—â—ton his nephew's son by a brother whom for his great experience and knowledge Q. Elizabeth made Lord Controller and K. James created Baron Wotton of Merlay 39 Here
misfortunes In the year of our Lord 676. it was destroy'd by Aethelred the Mercian and after that more than once plunder'd by the Danes Aethelbert King of Kent built a stately Church in it and adorn'd it with an Episcopal See making Justus first Bishop of it but when this Church was decay'd with age Gundulphus 46 A Norman repair'd it about the year 1080. and thrusting out the Priests put the Monks in their stead who too are now ejected and a Dean with 6 Prebendaries and Scholars fill their places Near the Church there hangs over the river a Castle fortify'd pretty well both by art and nature which the common opinion affirms to have been built by Odo Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent But without all doubt William 1. was founder of it For we read thus in Domesday The Bishop of Rovecester holds in Elesforde for exchange of the ground upon which the castle stands 'T is certain however that Bishop Odo depending upon an uncertain turn of affairs held this against William Rufus 47 At which time there passed a Proclamation thro' England that whosoever would not be reputed a Niding should repair to recover Rochester-Castle whereupon the youth fearing that name most reproachful and opprobrious in that Age swarmed thither in such numbers that Odo was enforced to yield the place and that at last for want of provisions he did not only surrender it but was degraded too and quitted the Kingdom But as to the repairing of the castle take this out of the Textus Roffensis Textus Roffensis an ancient MS. book of that Church When William 2. would not confirm the gift of Lanfranck of the mannour of Hedenham in the County of Buckingham to the Church of Rochester unless Lanfranck and Gundulph Bp. of Rochester would give the King 100 l. of ‖ Centum libras Denariorum Deniers At last by the intercession of 48 Sir Robert Rob. Fitz-Hammon and Henry Earl of Warwick the King yielded that instead of the money which he demanded for a Grant of the mannour Bishop Gundulph because he was well vers'd in Architecture and Masonry should build for him the Castle of Rochester all of stone and at his own proper charges At length when the Bishops tho' with some difficulty were brought to a compliance Bishop Gundulph built the castle entirely at his own cost And a little while after K. Henry 1. as Florence of Worcester has it granted to the Church of Canterbury and the Archbishops the custody and Constableship of it for ever and liberty to build a tower for themselves within it Since which time it has suffer'd one or two sieges but then especially when the Barons wars alarm'd all England and Simon de Montefort 49 Earl of Leicester vigoâ—ously assaulted it tho' in vain and cut down the wooden bridge Instead of which a curious arch'd stone bridge was afterwards built with money rais'd out of the French spoils by John Cobham 50 Which was after repair'd But in the time of K. Rich. 2. Sir Robert c. and Robert * Call'd Canolius by the French Knowles the latter whereof rais'd himself by his warlike courage from nothing to the highest pitch of honour 51 At the end of the said bridge Sir John Cobham who much further'd the work erected a Chapel for our Elders built no notable bridge without a Chapel upon which besides the Arms of Saints are seen the Arms of the King and his three Uncles then living And long after Archbishop Warham coped a great part of the said bridge with iron-bars q The Medway posts thro' this bridge with a violent course like a torrent and as it were with a sort of struggling but presently growing more calm affords a Dock 52 At Gillingham and Chetham to the best appointed fleet that ever the Sun saw ready upon all emergent occasions The Royal Navy and built at great expence by the most serene Qu. Elizabeth for the safety of her Kingdoms See more of this at the end of the Additions to this County and the terror of her enemies who also for the security of it hath rais'd a fort upon the bank r 53 At Upnore Now Medway grown fuller and broader makes a pleasant show with it's curling waves and passes through fruitful fields till divided by Shepey-Island which I fancy to be the same that Ptolemy calls Toliatis it is carry'd into the aestuary of Thames by two mouths the one whereof westward is call d West-swale as the eastern one which seems to have cut Shepey Shepey from the Continent East-swale but by Bede Genlad and Yenlett This Island from the Sheep a multitude whereof it feeds was call'd by our Ancestors Shepey i.e. an island of sheep 't is exceeding fruitful in corn but wants wood being 21 miles in compass Upon the northern shore it had a small Monastery call'd now Minster Minster built by Sexburga wife to Ercombert King of Kent in the year 710. Below which a certain Brabander lately undertook to make brimstone and coperas out of stones found upon the shore by boyling them in a furnace Upon the west side it is fronted with a most neat and strong castle built by King Edward 3. and is as he himself writes of a pleasant situation to the terrour of the enemy and comfort of his own subjects To this he added a Burgh and in honour of Philippa of Hainault his Queen call'd it Queenborrough Queenborrough i.e. the burgh of the Queen The present Constable of it is 54 Sir Edward Edward Hoby a person whom I am always oblig'd to respect and who has very much improv'd his own excellent wit with the studies of Learning Upon the east is Shurland Shurland formerly belonging to the Cheineys now to 55 Sir Philip. Philip Herbert second son to Henry Earl of Pembroke whom K. James the same day created both Baron Herbert of Shurland and Earl of Montgomery This Island belongs to the Hundred of Midleton so call'd from the town of Midleton now Milton Milton It was formerly a Royal Village and of much more note than at present tho' Hasting the Danish pyrate fortify'd a Castle hard by it in the year 893. with a design to do it what mischief he could s Sittingburn Sittingborn a town well stor'd with Inns t and the remains of Tong-castle Tong. appear in the neighbourhood 56 With his new Mayor and Corporation which as some write was so call'd for that Hengist built it by a measure of thougs cut out of a beast's hide when Vortigern gave so much land to fortifie upon as he could encompas with a beast's hide cut into thongs Since the Conquest c. this last was the ancient Seat of Guncellin de Badilsmer The Family of Badilsmer a person of great Honours whose son Bartholomew begat that Guncellin who by the heiress of Ralph Fitz Bernard Lord
the French King put in a golden little Urn upon a Pyramid 53 Sir Charles Blunt Earl c. instead of Charles Earl of Devon c. Charles Earl of Devonshire Lord Deputy of Ireland and Geoffrey Chaucer who being Prince of the English Poets ought not to be pass'd by as neither Edmund Spencer who of all the English Poets came nearest him in a happy genius and a rich vein of Poetry There are also several others both Clergy and Gentlemen of quality r Hard by there was another College 54 Of a Dean and c. of 12 Canons dedicated to S. Stephen which King Edw. 3. rais'd to such a royal magnificence and endow'd with such large possessions after he had carry'd his victories thro' France that he seems rather to have been Founder than only the Repairer devoutly considering as the Foundation-Charter has it the great benefits of Christ whereby out of his rich mercy we have been prevented upon all occasions delivering us altho' unworthy of it from divers perils and by the right hand of his power mightily defending us and giving us the victory in all the assaults of our enemies as also comforting us with unexpected remedies in the other tribulations and difficulties we have labour'd under Near this was a Palace the ancient habitation of the Kings of England from the time of S. Edward the Confessor which in the reign of K. Hen. 8. was burnt down by a casual fire This Palace was really large and magnificent Fitz-Steph a building not to be equall'd in that age having a * Anteâ—â—rale vawmure and bulwarks For the remains of this are the Chamber wherein the King the Nobility and great Ministers of State meet in Parliament and that next to it wherein our Forefathers us'd to begin their Parliaments call'd the painted Chamber of S. Edward 55 Because the Tradition holds that the said King Edward therein died How bloody black hainous and horrible how odious to God and man that act was whereby certain brutes in the shape of men under that Arch-traitor Fr. Catesby by undermining Fr. Catesby's Plot and placing a vast quantity of gun-powder under those buildings lately contriv'd the destruction of their Prince Country and all the Estates of the Kingdom out of a specious pretence of Religion my very heart quakes to consider and I cannot reflect without the greatest horrour and astonishment into what an inevitable darkness and lamentable ruin they would have thrown this most flourishing Kingdom in a moment But what an old Poet said in a matter of less concern we may mournfully apply to our case Excidat illa dies aevo ne postera credant Secula nos certè taceamus obruta multa Nocte tegi propriae patiamur crimina gentis May that black day ' scape the record of fate And after-ages never know 't has been Or us at least let us the time forget And hide in endless night our guilty nation's sin Near these is the White-hall wherein is at this day the Court of Requests Below which is that Hall larger than any of the rest Westminster-Hall the Praetorium and Hall of Justice for all England s In this there are held Courts of Justice namely King's-Bench Common-Pleas Chancery and in places round it The Star-Chamber the Exchequer Court of Wards Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster c. In these are heard Causes at the set seasons or Terms of the year whereas before the reign of Hen. 3. the General Court of Justice was moveable and always follow'd the King's Court. Guil Lâ—â—bard But he in his Magna Charta made a law in these words The Common-Pleas shall not follow our Court but be held in some one certain place Tho' there are some who understand only by this that the Common-Pleas should from that time forward be held in a distinct Court and not in the Kings-bench as formerly The * Praetorium Hall which we now have was built by K. Rich. 2. as we learn from his Arms in the stone-work and the †Lacunaribus beams which having pull'd down that more ancient Hall built in the place by William Rufus he made his own habitation For then the Kings us'd to hear causes themselves as being the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Judges Prov. c. 1â— whose mouth as the Royal Pen-man has it shall not err in judgment But this Palace being burn'd down in the year 1512. lay desolate and a little after Henry 8. remov'd the Royal Seat to a neighbouring house that not long since was Cardinal Wolsey's which they now call White-hall This is a truly Royal Palace enclos'd on one side with a Park reaching to another house of the King 's 56 Robert Catesby built by K. Henry 8. and call'd S. James's 57 Where anciently was a Spittle for Maiden Lepeus on the other with the Thames A certain Poet from it's Whiteness has term'd it Leucaeum Regale subintrant Leucaeum Reges dederant memorabile quondam Atria quae niveo candebant marmore nomen Quod Tamisis prima est cui gloria pascere cygnos Ledaeos rauco pronus subterluit aestu To the Leuceum now the Princes came Which to it's own white marble owes it's name Here Thames whose silver swans are all his pride Runs roaring by with an impetuous tide Hard by near the Mues The Mâ—â—s so call'd because 't was formerly a place for keeping of Hawks but is now a beautiful stable for the King's horses there stands a monument which King Edw. 1. erected in memory of Queen Eleanor Châ—ring-cross the dearest husband to the most loving wife The tenderness oâ— wife whose tender affection will stand upon record to all posterity She was daughter to Ferdinand 3. King of Castile and marry'd to Edward 1. King of England with whom she went into the Holy Land When her husband was treacherously wounded by a Moor with a poyson'd sword and rather grew worse than receiv'd any ease by what the Physicians apply'd to it Rodâ—ricus Tâ—â—â—tanus lâ—b 1. she found out a remedy as new and unheard of as full of love and endearment For by reason of the malignity of the poyson her husband's wounds could not possibly be clos'd but she lick'd them dayly with her own tongue and suck'd out the venomous humour thinking it a most delicious liquor By the power whereof or rather by the virtue of a wife's tenderness she so drew out the poysonous matter that he was entirely cur'd of his wound and she escap'd without catching any harm What then can be more rare than this woman's expression of love or what can be more admirable The tongue of a wife anointed if I may so say with duty and love to her husband draws from her beloved those poysons which could not be drawn by the most approv'd Physician and what many and most exquisite medicines could not do is effected purely by the love of a wife And thus
an ancient family but now of execrable memory for a most cruel and horrible plot never parallel'd in any age which Robert Catesby of Ashby St. Leger the dishonour of his family running headlong upon villanies gaping after the most detestable cruelties and impiously conspiring the destruction of his Prince and Country lately contriv'd under a specious pretext of Religion Of this let all ages be silent and let not the mention of it convey this scandal to posterity which we our selves cannot reflect on without horrour nay the dumb and inanimate Beings seem to be moved at the hainousness of such a villanous conspiracy Hard by is Fawesley Faweâ—â—â— where the Knightleys have long dwelt adorn'd with the honour of Knighthood descended from the more ancient family of Knightley of Gnowshall in Staffordshire And more eastward upon the Nen whose chanel as yet is but small stands Wedon on the street Wedâ—◠〈◊〉 the Street once the royal seat of Wolpher K. of the Mercians and converted into a Monastery by his daughter Werburg a most holy Virgin whose miracles in driving away Geese from hence some credulous writers have very much magnified I shou'd certainly wrong truth shou'd I not think tho' I have been of a contrary opinion that it is this Wedon which Antonine in his Itinerary calls Bannavenna Bennavenna Bennaventa Bannâ—â—na 〈◊〉 Isaâ—â—â—na 〈◊〉 naâ—â—â— and once corruptly Isannaventa notwithstanding there remain not now any express footsteps of that name so much does length of time darken and change every thing For the distance from the ancient Stations and Quarters on both sides exactly agrees and in the very name of Bannavenna the name of the river Aufona Avenna now Nen the head whereof is near it in some measure discovers it self Likewise a Military-way goes directly from hence northward with a Causey oft broken and worn away but most of all over-against Creke a village where of necessity it was joyn'd with bridges but elsewhere it appears with a high ridge as far as Dowbridge near Lilborne A little more northward I saw Althorp â—â—â—â—p the seat of the noted family of the Spencers Knights allied to very many Houses of great worth and honour out of which Sir Robert Spencer the fifth Knight in a continued succession a worthy encourager of virtue and learning was by his most serene Majesty K. James lately advanced to the honour of Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Hard by Althorp Holdenby-house 〈…〉 â—â—denby makes a noble appearance a stately and truly magnificent piece of building erected by Sir Christopher Hatton 〈◊〉 Christoâ—er Hatâ—◠〈◊〉 died 〈◊〉 1591. Privy Counsellour to Qu. Elizabeth Lord Chancellour of England and Knight of the Garter upon the lands and inheritance of his great grandmother heir of the ancient family of the Holdenbys for the greatest and last monument as himself afterwards was wont to say of his youth A person to say nothing of him but what is his due eminent for his piety towards God his love for his Country his untainted integrity and unparallel'd charity One also which is not the least part of his character that was always ready to encourage Learning Thus as he liv'd piously so he fell asleep piously in Christ Yet the monument the learned in their writings have rais'd to him shall render him more illustrious than that most noble and splendid tomb in St. Paul's Church London deservedly and at great charges erected to the memory of so great a person by Sir William Hatton Kt. his adopted son Beneath these places the Nen glides forward with a gentle small stream and is soon after encreas'd by the influx of a little river where at the very meeting of them the City called after the river Northafandon and in short Northampton â—orthampâ—â—n is so seated that on the west-side it is water'd with this river and on the south with the other Which I was of late easily induced to imagine the ancient Bannaventa but I err'd in my conjecture and let my confession atone for it As for the name it may seem to have had it from the situation upon the north-side of the Aufona The City it self which seems to have been all of stone is in it's buildings very neat and fine for compass large enough and wall'd about from which walls there is a noble prospect every way into a spacious plain Country On the west-side it hath an old Castle 10â—5 â—egister of Andrews beautiful even by it's antiquity built by Simon de Sancto Licio commonly call'd Senliz the first of that name Earl of Northampton who joyned likewise to it a beautiful Church dedicated to St. Andrew for his own sepulture and as 't is reported re-edified the town Simon the younger also his son founded without the town ‖ De Pratis De la Pree a Nunnery It seems to have lain dead and neglected during the Saxon Heptarchy neither have our Writers made any where mention of it in all those depredations of the Danes unless it was when Sueno the Dane with barbarous fury and outrage ravag'd all over England For then as Henry of Huntingdon reports it was set on fire and burnt to the ground In the reign of St. Edward there were in this City as we find in Domesday 60 Burgesses in the King 's Domain having as many Mansions of these in King William 1.'s time 14 lay waste and 47 remained Over and above these there were in the new Borough 40 Burgesses in the Domain of K. William After the Normans time it valiantly withstood the siege laid to it by the Barons during the troubles and slaughters with which they had then embroil'd the whole Kingdom Who being maliciously bent against King John for private and particular reasons did yet so cloak them with pretences of Religion and the common good â—â—â—rtitus 〈◊〉 that they termed themselves The Army of God and of Holy Church At which time they say that military work was made they call Hunshill But it stood not out with like success against Hen. 3. their lawful King as it did against those Rebels For when the Barons brought up and now inur'd to sedition begun a war against him in this place he made a breach in the wall and soon won it by assault After this as before also the Kings now and then held their Parliaments here for the conveniency of its situation as it were in the very heart of England and in the year of Christ 1460. a lamentable battel was here fought wherein such was the Civil division of England after the slaughter of many of the Nobility Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick took that most unfortunate Prince King Hen. 6. then a second time made Prisoner by his subjects To conclude the longitude of Northampton our Mathematicians make 22 deg 29 min. and the latitude 52 deg 13 min. d From hence the Nen hastens by Castle-Ashby where Henry Lord Compton has begun a very fine House near which is
birth of S. Wolstan the famous Bishop of Worcester who being educated in the Abbey of Peterburrow was shorn a Monk in the Monastery at Worcester and afterwards became Bishop of the place An. 1060. upon the removal of Aldred to the See of York This town was anciently one of the chief of this County as appears by the large number of hides it contain'd in the Conquerour's Survey and by its being rank'd in the number of those few which in 15 Hen. 2. were put under the title De auxilio villarum burgorum ad maritandam filiam Regis whereunto the inhabitants hereof paid C. shillings f From hence to the South-west lyes Chesterton Chesterton which shows a threefold evidence of its antiquity the first it carries in the name for the Saxon Ceaster and so our Chester comes plainly from the Roman Castrum and is not originally a German word but us'd by them here in England after the Romans had left it And this is plain from Mr. Burton's observation That he never found the termination added to any places but such only where the Romans had built their Castra The second mark is its nearness to the Roman Foss upon which 't is evident that at convenient distances places of entertainment were built for the reception of the Armies in their march The third token is that in the compass within which the Roman building is suppos'd to have stood several old coins have been digg'd up And these three arguments amount to little less than a demonstration of its Roman antiquity g Let us now return to the East-part and follow the course of the river Avon upon which we first meet with Rugby Rugby in Domesday-book written Rochebery which name ‖ Warwickshire p. 26. Sir William Dugdale derives from a Roche a rock or quarrey of stone For such says he there is westward from this town about half a mile and 't is very like that the ground whereon the town stands being high is of the same condition There was formerly at it a little castle which stood about a furlong from the Church northwards as is to be seen by the banks of earth and part of the moat yet remaining The fore-cited Author is of opinion that it was built in the time of King Stephen who fearing an invasion from the Empress granted leave to the Nobility to build every man his castle within his own grounds Not far from Rugby is Brounsover Brounsover upon the East-bank of the river Swift in the original whereof as also of many other names of the same termination I must crave leave to dissent from Sir William Dugdale who tells us that over us'd upon those occasions signifies always supra above over or higher And where it has nether answering it in the name of a place at some little distance the case is plain but whenever such a place stands upon a river I think it is more natural to fetch it from the Saxon ofre ripa a bank which as it is suited to the condition of the place so does it prevent the absurdity of laying down a relative name without a correlative to answer it This conjecture will I am confident approve it self by instances in most Counties in England as it does particularly in Warwickshire More towards the West we find Stretton Stretton so nam'd from its situation upon that Stratum or Street of the Romans call'd the Foss There is another place of this name not far from Stow in Lincolnshire which likewise stands upon a Roman Causey and that name wheresoever it occurs throughout this kingdom seems to have the same original which observation may perhaps now and then be of use to persons of curiosity whose inclinations lead them to the tracing out of such ways Going along with the Foss towards Leicestershire at a little distance from it Dugd. War p. 50. is Monks-kirkby where are certain tokens of a Roman station For by digging the ground near the Church there have been discover'd the foundations of old walls and Roman bricks There are also three or four heaps of earth in an adjoyning pasture apparently the monuments or Sepulture of some military persons in those days which badges are sufficient to prove that it hath been a place of note many hundreds of years since But what my Author adds And it may very well be that those materials for building by reason of the ruins before mention'd so ready at hand became a special motive to that renown'd Lady Aethelfleda so much taken notice of by our old Historians and stil'd Merciorum Domina to begin the structure of this place This I say I cannot agree to for two reasons the first because that place is call'd in Saxon Cyricbyrig and I have never observ'd that their byrig passes into our modern by or bie nor is this termination the same with byrig as Sir William Dugdale intimates which comes from beorg collis and includes in its signification a rising ground such as their forts were generally built upon whereas the other implies no more than a bare dwelling place without any respect to the situation and is if I mistake not of Danish original by meaning the very same thing in the old Islandick My second reason is that another place offers it self with a greater colour of probability It is Chirbury on the West-part of Shropshire which as it retains the old name so lying upon the frontiers of the kingdom of Mercia and not far from the Severn it seems to me a much more proper place than the other Next is Warwick Warwick in the description whereof our Author has been very particular as to matters of Antiquity but has left us little concerning its situation tho' that be pretty singular It stands on a hill which is one entire rock of free-stone out of whose bowels were wrought all the publick buildings that adorn it Each of the four ways to it answering the four points lead you by a Religious house through a rock and through streets which all meet in the centre of the town The wells and cellars are made in the rock and the descent every way keeps it clean Under it on the South is a fruitful Champain Country on the North are groves woods and parks i The Castle is now made a most noble and delightful seat the height of the solid rock from the river on which it stands is 40 foot but on the North side it stands even with the town which particularly is adorn'd with two publick buildings a County-hall and a Market-house and is now supply'd with water brought in pipes from Springs at half a miles distance k Besides the monuments of the Beauchamps the Church of St. Mary is honour'd with those of Robert and Ambrose Dudley Earls of Leicester On the north side also of the Quire in an octangular room formerly the Chapter-house is a stately monument black and white marble of Fulk Lord Brook erected by himself in his life-time
March Marr and Garioth Lord of Annandale and Mann was out-law'd by his brother James the 3. and after many struglings with the world and its troubles in the end as he stood by to see a Tournament at Paris he happen'd to be wounded by a splinter of a broken Lance and so died His son John the 4th Duke of Albany Regent likewise and made Guardian to K. James the 5. being charm'd with the pleasures of the French Court as having married a daughter and coheir of John Earl of Auvergne and Lauragueze died there without issue Whom out of respect and deference to the bloud Royal of Scotland Francis the 1. King of France honour'd so far as to allow him a place in France between the Archbishop of Longres Tily and the Duke of Alencon Peers of the Realm After his death there was no Duke of Albany till Queen Mary 11 In our memory conferr'd this honour upon Henry Lord Darley whom some few days after she made her Husband and K. James the 6. granted the same to his second son Charles an Infant now Duke of York These Parts are inhabited by a sort of people barbarous warlike and very mischievous commonly called Highland-men Highland-men who being the true race of the antient Scots speak Irish and call themselves Albinnich People they are of firm and compact bodies of great strength swift of foot high minded born as it were for the exercises of War or rather of robberies and desperately bent upon revenge They wear after the manner of the Irish †Plaids strip'd Mantles of divers colours with their hair thick and long living by hunting fishing fowling and stealing In war their armour is an iron head-piece and a coat of Mail their arms a bow barbed arrows and a broad back-sword And being divided into Families which they call Clanns what with plundering and murdering they commit such barbarous outrages Parliam 1581. that their savage cruelty hath made this Law necessary That if one of any Clann hath committed a trespass whoever of that Clann chances to be taken shall repair the damage or suffer death 12 Whereas the whole Clan commonly beareth feud for any hurt receiv'd by any one member thereof by excution of Laws order of Justice or otherwise PERTHSHIRE OUT of the very bosom of the Mountains of Albany issues the Tay The River Tay. the greatest river in all Scotland and rolls along thro' the fields till widening it self into a Lake full of Islands it there restrains its course After this kept within banks it waters Perth a large plentiful and rich country and receives the Amund a little River coming out of Athol This Athol Athâ—l to make a little digression is infamous for Witches but a country fruitful enough having woody valleys where once the Caledonian Forest The Caledâ—nian Forest dreadful for its dark intricate windings for its denns of bears and its huge wild thick-maned bulls extended it self in former ages far and near in these parts As for the places herein they are of little account but the Earls are very memorable Thomas a younger son of Rolland of Galloway was in his Wife 's right Earl of Athol Earls of Athol whose son Patrick was murder'd at Hadington by the Bissets his Rivals and they immediately set the house on fire Chronicon Mailrâ—ss that it might be supposed he perished casually in the flames In the Earldom succeeded David Hastings who had married Patrick's Aunt by the mother's side whose son that David sirnamed of Strathbogy may seem to have been who a little after in the Reign of Hen. 3. of England was Earl of Athol married one of the daughters and heirs of Richard base son to King John of England and had a very noble Estate with her in England She bore him two sons John Earl of Athol who being very unsettled in his allegiance was hanged on a Gallows fifty foot high and David Earl of Athol who by a marriage with one of the daughters and heirs of John Comin of Badzenoth by one of the heirs of Aumar de Valence Earl of Pembroke got a mighty estate He had a son David who under King Edw. 2. was sometimes summoned to Parliament amongst the English Earls and being made under King Edward Baliol Lieutenant-General of Scotland was conquer'd by the valour of Andrew Murray and slain in a battle in Kelblen Forest in the year 1335. His son David had only two young daughters Elizabeth married to Tho. Percy from whom the Barons de Burrough fetch their original and Philippa married to Sir Tho. Halsham an English Knight Then fell the title of Athol to that Walter Stewart son to King Robert 2. who barbarously murder'd James 1. King of Scotland and was agreeably punished for that execrable piece of cruelty insomuch that Aeneas Sylvius then Pope Eugenius the 4th's Nuncio in Scotland is reported to have said That he could not tell whether he should give them greater commendations that revenged the King's death or punish them with a sharper censure of condemnation that polluted themsâ—lves with so heinous a Parricide After an interval of some few years this honour was granted to John Stewart of the house of Lorne son of James sirnamed the Black Knight by Joan the widow of King James 1. daughter of John Earl of Somerset and ‡ Nepti neice to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster whose Posterity enjoy it at this day a 'T is now a Marquisate in the Family of Murray Now the Tay by the Influx of the Almund being enlarged makes for Dunkell Dunkeld adorned by King David with an Episcopal See This upon account of the signification is lookt upon by most as a town of the Caledonians and they interpret it The hill of Hazles who will have it take the name from the Hazles of the Caledonian Forest * See â—he Additions Bâ—r h. From hence the Tay takes its course by the ruins of Berth a little desolate City not forgetting what calamity it brought upon it in times past when with an impetuous torrent it overflow'd the pasture and corn grounds destroyed all the labours of the Husbandman and hurried headlong with this poor city a Royal infant and all the Inhabitants Instead whereof King William built Perth Perth much better situated which presently grew so rich that Necham who lived in that age made this distick upon it Transis ample Tai per rura per oppida per Perth Regnum sustentant istius urbis opes Great Tay through Perth through towns through country flies Perth the whole Kingdom with her wealth supplies But posterity hath named it from a Church founded in honour of St. John St. John's town St. Jâ—hns Town And the English in the heat of the war between the Bruses and the Baliols fortified it with great Bulwarks which the Scots afterwards mostly demolished It is nevertheless a neat little City pleasantly seated between two Greens
confiscated by Act of Parliament The head city of this county is Limerick encompass'd by the Shanon a famous river which divides its stream and embraces it The Irish call it Å¿ Louminagh is the name Loumeagh Limeâ—ick L umeagh the English Limerick It is a Bishop's See and the great mart of this Province of Munster first taken by Reimund le Gross an Englishman the son of William Girald afterwards it was burnt by Duvenald a petty King of Thuetmond At last it was given in fee to Philip Breos an Englishman and King John fortified it with a castle At present t is reputed two towns the upper for so they call it where stands the cathedral and the castle has two gates which give entrance to it and each of them a fair stone bridge leading to them strengthen'd with bulwarks and little draw-bridges one of which leads Westward the other East The lower town which is joyned to this is fortified with a wall and castle and a fore-gate at the entrance More to the East stands Clan-William Clan-William so called from a family of that name descended from the House de Burgo which the Irish call Bourk who inhabit it Of this family was that William who slew James Fitz-Moris the plague and firebrand of this country upon whom Queen Elizabeth conferr'd the title and honour of Baron of Castle-Conel where Richard Rufus Earl of Ulster Baron â—f Castâ—e-Coneâ— had fortified the Castle together with a yearly pension in recompense for his bravery and the loss of his sons slain in that conflict In the South part of this county stands t Killmalock Kil-mallo next in dignity to Limerick both in respect of plenty and populousness and walled round Likewise Adare a little town fortified heretofore situate upon the same river which straightways from thence runs into the Shanon near which stands u This is now in the County of Cork Clan Gibbon Clâ—n Gibbâ—n the Lord whereof John Fitz-Girald called John Oge Fitz-John Fitz-Gibbon and from the grey hair of his head the white Knight was banished by Act of Parliament But by the clemency of Queen Elizabeth his son was restored to the whole estate The most noted and eminent in this tract besides these Bourks and Fitz-Giralds are the Lacies the Browns the Hurleys the Chacys the Sapells the Pourcells all of English extraction the Mac-Shees and the Mac-brien O Brians c. of Irish extraction The County of TIPPERARY THE County of Tipperary is bounded on the west with that of Limerick and the river Shanon on the east with the County of Kilkenny on the south with the Counties of Cork and Waterford and on the north with the territory of the O Carolls The south part is very fruitful produces much corn and is well built The west part of it is water'd by the long course of the river Glason Emely not far from the bank whereof stands Emely or Awn a Bishop's See and by report a very populous and well frequented city heretofore The Sewer or Swire a noble river which rises at Badin-hill runs through the middle of it and so through the lower Ossery Lower-Ossâ—ry which by the bounty of King Henry the 8th gave the title of Earl to the Butlers and then through Thurles which gave them the title of Viscounts from whence it passes by Holy-Cross a famous Abby heretofore which makes the Country about it to be commonly called the County of the Holy Cross of Tipperary The County of the holy Cross of Tipperary The wood of the Cross This Abby enjoys certain privileges granted in honour of a piece of Christ's Cross preserv'd there The whole world says St. Cyrill is fill'd with pieces of this Cross and yet as Paulinus says by a constant miracle it hath never been diminished This was the belief and opinion of Christians in ancient times And it is incredible what a concourse of people do still out of devotion throng hither as to a holy place For this nation does yet firmly persevere in the religion of their fore-fathers which is now grown in more reputation than ever by the neglect and ignorance of their Bishops for there is none here to instruct them otherwise Cassil From hence the Swire passes by Cassil adorn'd with an Archbishop's See by Eugenius the third Bishop of Rome with many suffragan Bishops under it and so forward making many Islands as it runs along till it encompasses Cahir-Castle which has its Baron one of the family of the Butlers raised to that honour by Queen Elizabeth But his son proving disloyal was thereupon attainted the castle being taken by the Earl of Essex in the year 1599 and he himself committed From whence it runs by Clomell Clomell a market town of good resort and well fortified and also by Carick Mac-Griffin situated upon a rock from which it takes its name the habitation of the Earls of Ormond which with the honour of Earl of Carrick was granted by King Edward the 2d to Edmund Boteler or Butler Here it leaves Tipperary Earl of Caâ—rick Annâ— 9. Edw. 2. and becomes a boundary to the Counties of Waterford and Kilkenny Thus much concerning the south part of this County That northward is but barren and mountaneous twelve of the hills here are huddled together and over-top the rest these they call Phelem-ge-Modona This north part is call'd in Latin Ormondia Ormondia Butlers Earls of Oâ—mandâ—â— in Irish Orwowon that is The front of Mounster in English Ormond and by many very corruptly Wormewood It s glory is from its Earls who have been many since James Butler a The heir of this noble family is now Duke of Ormond both in England and Ireland to whom and his heirs King Edw. the third gave this title for term of life Anno 2. Ed. 3. together with the royalties and other liberties as also the Knights-fees in the County of Tipperary which by the favour of the Kings of England his posterity still enjoy Earl f Tipperary Hence this County is reputed Palatine and he has been call'd by some the Earl of Tipperary The ancestors of this James were heretofore Butlers of Ireland an honourable office from which they derive the name of Le Boteler or Butler Those of this family were nearly related to Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury being descended from his sister After his murder they were translated into Ireland by King Hen. the 2d who hoped to redeem his credit in the world by preferring his relations to wealth and honours The first Earl of Ormond in this family was James son of Edmund Earl of Carrick who married the daughter of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford by a daughter of King Edw. the first and this was their first step towards honour Hereupon his son James was commonly called by the people the noble Earl The fifth Earl of this family not to be particular in the account of them had the
title of Earl of Wiltshire given by King H. the 6th to him and the heirs of his body but being Lord Deputy of Ireland as some others of this family have been and Treasurer of England he was banish'd by Edw. the fourth and soon after taken and beheaded His brothers were banished likewise and absconded John died at Jerusalem without children Thomas by the favour of H. the 7th had his attainder reversed and died in the year 1515 leaving two daughters Ann married to 10 Sir James James de S. Leger and Margaret the wife of William de Bullein who had issue 11 Sir Thomas Thomas Bullein made first Viscount of Rochfort and after Earl of Wilton and Ormond by King Hen. the 8th upon his marriage with Ann Bullein the Earl's daughter by her he had Elizabeth Queen of England whose memory will be ever sacred to the English After the death of Thomas Bullein 12 Without issue male Sir Pierce c. Peter or Peirce Butler a man of great power in Ireland and of the Earl's family who had been before created Earl of Ossery by K. Henry the 8th was now also preferr'd to the Earldom of Ormond He dying left it to his son James who by the daughter and heir of James Earl of Desmond had a son Thomas Earl of Ormond now living whose fidelity and loyalty has been render'd eminent by many tryals He has married his only daughter to Theobald Butler his Brother's son upon whom King James has lately conferr'd the title of Viscount Tullo As for the story of some Irish and those too Men turned into wolves such as would be thought creditable that certain men in these parts are every year converted into wolves 't is without question fabulous unless perhaps through excess of melancholy they may be affected with that distemper which the Physicians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which will make them fancy and imagine themselves thus transformed As for those metamorphos'd Lycaones in Livonia so much talked of I cannot but have the same opinion of them Thus far we have continued in the Province of Mounster which Queen Elizabeth with great wisdom Presidents of Munster in order to advance the wealth and happiness of this Kingdom committed to the government of a Lord President that with one Assistant two Lawyers and a Secretary he might correct the insolencies of this Province and keep them to their duty The first President was Wartham St. Leger Kt. who was constituted in the year 1565 a man of great experience in the affairs of Ireland LAGENIA or LEINSTER THE second part of Ireland called by the inhabitants Leighnigh by the British Lein by the English Leinster by the Latins Lagenia and by the old Legends Lagen lies to the east entirely upon the sea bounded towards Mounster by the river Neor though in many places it reaches beyond it towards Conaught 't is bounded for a good way by the Shannon and towards Meath by its own limits The soil is rich and fruitful the air very warm and temperate and the inhabitants very near as civil and gentile in their mode of living as their neighbours in England from whence they are generally descended In Ptolemie's time it was peopled by the Brigantes Minapii Cauci and Blani From these Blani perhaps are derived and contracted those modern names Lein Leinigh and Leinster a At this day Leinster contains the Counties of Dublin Wicklow Wexford Caterlogh Kilkenny Kings-County Queens-County Kildare Meath West-Meath and Longford The whole Province is at present subdivided into the Counties of Kilkennigh Caterlogh Queens-County Kings-County Kildare Weisford and Dublin not to mention Wicklo and Fernes which either are already or will be added BRIGANTES or BIRGANTES THE Brigantes seem to have been seated between the mouth of the river Swire and the confluence of the Neor and Barrow called by Ptolemy Brigus And because there was an ancient city of the Brigantes in Spain called Brigantia Birgus now Barrow Florianus del Campo takes a great deal of pains to derive these Brigantes from his own country of Spain But allowing conjectures others may as likely derive them from the Brigantes of Britain a nation both near and populous However if what I find in some copies be true that these people were called Birgantes both he and others are plainly out for these take their denomination from the river a Now call'd Barrow Birgus about which they inhabit as the name it self may convince us These Brigantes or Birgantes Birgantes which you please peopled the Counties of Kilkenny Ossery and Caterlogh all watered by the river Birgus The County of KILKENNY THE County of Kilkenny is bounded on the west with the County of Tipperary on the east with the Counties of Weisford and Caterlogh on the south with the County of Waterford on the north with the Queens-County and on the north-west with the Upper-Ossery well beautified on all sides with towns and castles and more plentiful in every thing than any of the rest Near Ossery are those huge copling mountains Sleiew Bloemy which Giraldus calls Bladinae Montes of a vast height Bladin hills out of the bowels whereof springs the river Swire aforesaid as also the Neor and Barrow These descend in three several chanels but join in one before they fall into the sea which made the Ancients call them The three sisters The Neor commonly called the Neure in a manner cuts this County in two and when with a swift stream it has passed the Upper-Ossery the first Baron whereof was Barnabas Fitz-Patrick Upper-Ossery Barons of the Upper-Ossery raised to that honour by K. Edward the 6th and many forts on both sides it arrives at Kilkenny Kilkenny or as the word signifies the Cell or Church of Canic who was eminent for a pious and solitary life in this country The a It is now a City town is neat fair-built plentiful and by much the best midland town in this Island divided into the English-town and the Irish-town The Irish-town is as it were the suburbs where stands the said Canic's Church which hath both given name to the town and afforded a seat for the Bishops of Ossery The English-town is much newer built as I have read by Ranulph the third Earl of Chester wall'd on the west by Robert Talbot a noble man and fortified with a castle by the Butlers When the daughters of William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke made a partition of the lands among them 't is certain this fell to the share of the third sister married to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester Lower down upon the same river stands a little fortified town called in English Thomas-town Thomas-town in Irish Bala-mac-Andan i.e. the town of Anthony's son both derived from the founder Thomas Fitz-Anthony an Englishman who flourished in Henry the third's time whose heirs are at this day Lords of the place Below this the river Callan Calâ—an runs
at the representation of their own actions The O-NEALS and their Rebellions in our Age. TO say nothing of O. Neal the great who before the arrival of St. Patrick tyranniz'd in Ulster and a great part of Ireland nor of those after his time who were but obscure this family has been of no eminent note since the English set foot in that Kingdom save only during the time that Edward Brus 1 Brother to Robert King of Scotland the Scot bore the title of King of Ireland In those troublesome times Dovenald O-Neal began to exert himself and in his Letters to the Pope uses this stile Scoto Chronicon l. 12. c. 26. Dovenald O-Neal King of Ulster and all Ireland as right heir by descent yet this new King soon vanished upon the extinction of these troubles and his posterity continued in obscurity till the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster embroiled the Kingdom of England and the English then in Ulster were obliged to return home to support their respective parties and commit the Province to the charge of the O-neals At that time Henry O-Neal the son of Oen or Eugenius O-Neal married the daughter of Thomas Earl of Kildare and his son Con Mâ—re or Con the great married the daughter of Girald Earl of Kildare his mother's Neice Being thus supported with the power and interest of the Earls of Kildare who had administred the affairs of Ireland for many years they began to exalt themselves with great tyranny among the people under no other title than the bare name of O-Neal insolently slighting those of Prince Duke Marquess Earl c. as mean and inferiour to it Con the son of this Con sirnamed Bacco i.e. lame succeeded his father in this dignity of O-Neal who had entailed a curse upon such of his posterity as either learned to speak English sow'd wheat or built houses fearing that these would but tempt the English to invade them 2 Often saying that language bred conversation and consequently their confusion that wheat gave â—â—stenance with like effâ—ct and by building thâ— should do as the crow doth make her nest to be beaten out by the hawk King Hen. 8. having humbled the Family of Kildare began to suspect this of the O-Neals likewise who had been aiding to the former in his rebellions which put him into such fear that he came into England voluntarily renounced the title of O-Neal and surrendred all he had into the King's hands who by his Letters-Patents under the great Seal restored them again adding the title of Earl of Tir-Oen The first Earl of Tir-Oen to have and to hold to him and his son Matthew falsly so called and to the Heirs of their bodies lawfully begotten Matthew at the same time was created Baron of Dunganon who till the fifteenth year of his age went for the son of a certain Black-smith in Dundalk whose wife had been a concubine of this Con's and then presented the lad to him as his begotten son Accordingly he received him as such and rejected his own son John or Shan Shan or John O-Neal as they call him with all the rest of the children he had had by his lawful wife Shan seeing a Bastard preferred before him and exalted to this dignity took fire immediately grew averse to his father and fell into such a violent fit of hatred and revenge against Matthew that he murder'd him and so plagu'd the old man with affronts and injuries by attempting to dispossess him of his estate and honours that he died with the very greif and resentment of them Shan was presently upon this chosen and proclaimed O-Neal 3 By an old shoe cast over his head after which he enter'd upon the inheritance and to secure himself in the enjoyment of it made diligent search after the sons of this Matthew but to no purpose Yet Brian the eldest son was not long after slain by Mac-Donel Totan one of this family of O-Neals upon Shan's instigation as it was reported Hugh and Cormack made their escape by the assistance of some English and are living at this day Shan upon this restoration began out of a barbarous cruel temper to tyrannize among the Gentry of Ulster after an intolerable manner vaunting himself in having the Mac-Gennys Mac-Guir Mac-Mahon O-Realy O-Hanlon O-Cahan Mac-Brien O-Hagan O-Quin Mac-Canna Mac-Cartan and the Mac-Donells the Galloglasses in subjection Being called to an account for these things by 4 Sir Henry H. Sidney who governed in the absence of the Earl of Sussex Lord Deputy he answer'd that as the undoubted and legitimate son and heir of Con born by his lawful wife he had enter'd upon his father's estate that Matthew was the son of a Black-smith of Dundalk born of his wife Alison who had cunningly obtruded him upon his father Con as his son to deprive him of the estate and dignity of the O-Neals and that supposing he had been so tame as to have bore this injury yet ne'er another O-Neal of their family would have endur'd it That as for the Letters Patents of Hen. 8. they were null and void forasmuch as Con had no right in any of those things he surrender'd to the King but for his own life and that he indeed had no disposal of them without the consent of the Nobility and people that elected him neither were Patents of this nature of any force but where the true heir of the family was first certified upon the oath of twelve men which was omitted in this case lastly that he was the right heir both by the Laws of God and man being the eldest son of his father born in lawful wedlock and elected O-Neal by the unanimous consent of the Nobility and people according to the Laws of Tanestry whereby a man at his full years is to be preferr'd before a boy and an unkle before a nephew whose Grandfather surviv'd the Father neither had he assumed any greater authority over the Nobility of Ulster than his Ancestors had ever done as he could sufficiently prove by Records Not long after this he fought O-Rayly and defeated him took Callogh O-Donell put him in prison with all his children ravish'd his wife and had issue by this adultery seiz'd upon all his castles lands and moveables and made himself absolute Monarch of Ulster But hearing that Thomas Earl of Sussex the Lord Deputy was upon his march to chastise this insolence he was so terrified that upon the perswasion of his Kinsman Girald Earl of Kildare who had been restored to his estate by Queen Mary he went into England and threw himself on the mercy of Queen Elizabeth who received him graciously and so having promised his allegiance for the future he returned home where for some time he conformed himself to a civilized course of life both in the modes of diet and apparel thrust the Scots out of Ulster with the loss of James Mac-Conell their Captain kept himfelf and his people
in good order protected the weak but still continued insolent and cruel to the Nobility insomuch that they petitioned the Lord Deputy for protection and relief whereupon he grew more outragious dispossest Mac-Guir Lord of Fermanagh with fire and sword who had under hand accus'd him burnt the Metropolitan Church of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but this proved ineffectual partly by the valour of the Garison and partly by the apprehension of being suppressed by William Sarfield the Mayor of Dublin who was on his march towards him with the flower of his Citizens However he made cruel ravages in the adjacent Country To put a stop to these bold and outragious proceedings 6 Sir Henry Sidney the Lord Deputy set out himself and was advancing at the head of an Army against him but wisely detach'd seven companies of foot and a â—ry Sidâ—â—â— Lord â—oxy 〈…〉 troop of horse beforehand under the conduct of Edward Randolph a famous old soldier by sea into the North parts of Ireland where they encamped themselves at Derry upon Loghfoil to be upon the rear of the enemy Shan fearing this immediately marched thither and with all his force endeavoured to remove them upon this attack Randolph issued out upon him and though he valiantly lost his own life in the engagement yet he gave the enemy such a defeat that from that time forward they were never able to keep the field so that Shan finding himself weaken'd by slight skirmishes and deserted by his soldiers was once resolved to go and throw himself with a halter about his neck at the mercy of the Lord Deputy But his Secretary perswading him rather to rely upon the friendship of the Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge i.e. the younger were now encampt in Claneboy he sent Surley boy Alexander's brother whom he had detained prisoner a long time to prepare the way and soon after followed him with the wife of O-Donnell his adultress The Scots received him kindly and with some few of his adherents he was admitted into a tent where after some cups they began to resent the fate of James Mac-Conell the brother of Alexander whom Shan had killed and the dishonour done to James's sister whom Shan had married and put away whereupon Alexander Oge and his brother Mac-Gillaspic took fire and giving the signal for revenge all fell upon Shan with their drawn swords and hewed him to death by which peace was restored to that Province in the year 1567. A little after this a Parliament was called at Dublin wherein an Act passed for the Attainder of Shan and annexing most of the Counties and Seigniories of Ulster to the person of the Queen and her Successors and for prohibiting any one ftom taking the stile and title of O-Neal hereafter Notwithstanding this was soon after assumed by Turlogh Leinigh Brother's son to this Con More O-Neal already spoken of who was now towards the decline of his age and therefore of a more calm temper but the rather because he lay under some apprehensions from Shan's sons and Hugh Baron of Dunganon his son though he had marryed his daughter to him whom soon after he put away and married another This Turlogh being very obsequious and dutiful to the Queen of England gave no disturbance to the English but prov'd a very troublesome neighbour to O-Donell and the Island Scots and in a skirmish cut off Alexander Oge who had killed Shan O-Neal Hugh the son of Matthew called Baron of Dunganon who lived sometimes obscurely in his own country and sometimes in England in the service of some of our Nobility began to rise from this mean condition to some degree of eminence The Queen made him Captain of a troop of horse in the war against the Earl of Desmond and allowed him an yearly pension of a thousand marks whereupon he behaved himself gallantly against the rebels in all encounters and at length exhibited a Bill in Parliament That by vertue of a Grant made to his Grandfather an Act might be pass'd for his restitution to the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen and to the estate of his Ancestors As for the title and dignity of Earl of Ter-Oen it was granted without any difficulty but the estate of his Ancestors being annext to the Crown by the Attainder of Shan O-Neal it was wholly referred to the Queen who graciously gave it him in consideration of his services already done her and those she still expected hereafter Yet first she provided that the Province should be surveyed and laid out into proper districts one or two places reserv'd in her own hands for garisons particularly the Fort at Black-water that provision should be made for the maintenance of the sons of Shan and Turlogh and that he should pretend to no authority over any Seigniories beyond the County of Ter-Oen though they bordered upon it Having willingly received it with all these conditions he return'd his thanks to her Majesty with great expressions both of the reality of this address and of his sincere resolution to serve her with the utmost of his diligence authority and affection for these favours and indeed it may be said of him that he performed his promise and that the Queen could expect no more from the most faithful subject she had than he did His body was able to endure the miseries either of labour watching or want his industry was very great his mind excellent and capable of the greatest employments he had a great knowledge in the affairs of war and was so profound and unfathomable a dissembler that some foretold at that time He would either prove the greatest good or the greatest hurt to Ireland He gave such testimonies of his valour and loyalty that the Queen her self interceeded with Turlogh Leinigh for his Seigniory and got him to surrender it upon conditions After Leinigh's death he usurped the title of O-Neal notwithstanding it was made capital by Act of Parliament excusing it as done purely to anticipate others that would perhaps assume it and promising to relinquish it but begg'd earnestly that no oath might be press'd upon him for performance About this time the Spanish Armado which had in vain attempted to invade England was dispersed and routed many of them in their return were shipwreckt in the Irish Sea and great numbers of the Spaniards thrown upon the coast of Ireland the Earl of Ter-Owen was faid to have kindly received some of them and to have treated with them about making a private league between him and the King of Spain Upon this account he was accused before the Queen and no slight evidence brought against him by Hugh Ne-Gaveloc i.e. in Fetters the natural son of Shan so called from his being kept in fetters for a long time which so enraged the Earl that afterward he had him apprehended and commanded him to be strangled but had much ado to find an Executioner the people had so much veneration for the blood of the O-Neals
rich man died this year This Continuation following is took from a Manuscript Chronicle in the Hands of Henry Marleburgh MCCCLXXII SIr Robert Ashton being made Chief Justice came into Ireland MCCCLXXIII A great war between the English of Meth and O-Feroll with much slaughter on both sides Item John Lord Husse Baron of Galtrim John Fitz Richard Sheriff of Meth and William Dalton were in May kill'd by the Irish in Kynaleagh MCCCLXXV Died Thomas Archbishop of Dublin the same year Robert of Wickford was consecrated Archbishop of this see MCCCLXXXI Edmund Mortimer the King's Lieutenant in Ireland Earl of March and Ulster died at Cork MCCCLXXXIII A raging pestilence in Ireland MCCCLXXXV Dublin bridge fell down MCCCXC Died Robert Wikford Archbishop of Dublin Robeâ—t Waldebey Archbishop of Dublin of the order of the Austin Friers was translated also this year MCCCXCVII Died Frier Richard Northalis Archbishop of Dublin of the order of the Carmelites This year Thomas Crauley was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin Thomas Lord Burk and Walter Lord Bermingham cut off 600 of the Irish and Mac Con their Captain * Read Roger. Edmund Earl of March Lieutenant of Ireland with the assistance of the Earl of Ormond wasted the Country of O Bryn and knighted Christopher Preston John Bedeleu Edmund Loundris John Loundry William Nugent Walter de la Hide and Rober Cadel at the storming of a strong mannor-house of the said O Bryn MCCCXCVIII Forty English among whom were John Fitz Williams Thomas Talbot and Thomas Comyn were unfortunately cut off on the Ascension day by the Tothils On S. Margaret's day this year Roger Earl of March the King's Lieutenant was slain with many others by O Bryn and other Irish of Leinster at Kenlys in that province Roger Grey was appointed to succeed him in the office of Chief Justice On the Feast of S. Mark Pope and Confessor the noble Duke of Sutherey came into Ireland being made the King's Deputy Lieutenant thereof accompanied with the Archbishop of Dublin Thomas Crawley MCCCXCIX In the 23d year of King Richard being Sunday the very morrow after S. Petronil or Pernil the Virgin 's day King Richard arriv'd at Waterford with 200 sail At Ford in Kenlys within Kildare on the 6th day of this week two hundred of the Irish were slain by Jenicho and others of the English the next day the people of Dublin made an inroad into the Country of O Bryn cut off 33 of the Irish and took to the number of 80 men and women with their children prisoners The King came to Dublin this year on the fourth before the kalends of July and embark'd in great haste for England upon a report of Henry duke of Lancaster's being arriv'd there MCCCC At Whitsontide in the first year of King Henry IV. the Constable of Dublin-castle and several others engag'd the Scots at Stranford in Ulster which prov'd unfortunate to the English many of them being cut off and drown'd in that encounter MCCCCI In the second year of this reign Sir John Stanley the King's Lieutenant went over into England in May leaving Sir William Stanley to supply his office On Bartholomew-eve this year Stephen Scrope came into Ireland as Deputy to the Lord Thomas of Lancaster the King's Lieutenant The same year on the feast of S. Brice Bishop and Confessor Thomas Lord Lancaster the King's son being Viceroy of Ireland arriv'd at Dublin MCCCCII The Church of the Friers Predicants at Dublin was consecrated on the 5th of July by the Archbishop of this City The same day 493 Irish were slain by John Drake Mayor of Dublin assisted with the Citizens and the Country people near Bree where they gain'd a considerable victory In September this year a Parliament was held at Dublin Sir Bartholomew Verdon James White Stephen Gernon and their accomplices kill'd John Dowdal Sheriff of Louith in Urgal during this session MCCCCIII In the fourth year of King Henry IV. Sir Walter Beterley a valiant Knight then steward there with thirty more was kill'd in May. About the feast of S. Martin this year the King's Son Thomas went over into Enlgand leaving Stephen Scroop to officiate as his Deputy who return'd also on the first day of Lent into England after which the Lords of the Kingdom chose the Earl of Ormond Lord Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCCIV In the 5th Year of King Henry's reign died John Cowlton Archbishop of Armagh on the 5th of May and was succeeded by Nicholas Fleming The same year on S. Vitali's day a Parliament was held at Dublin by the Earl of Ormond at that time Chief Justice of the Kingdom where the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and the Charter of Ireland was confirm'd Patrick Savage was this year treacherously slain in Ulster by Mac Kilmori his brother Richard being also given in hostage was murder'd in prison after he had paid a ransom of 200 marks MCCCCV In the 6th year of King Henry three Scotch Galleys two at Green Castle and one at Dalkey were taken in May with the Captain Thomas Mac Golagh The merchants of Tredagh entred Scotland this year and took hostages and booty The same year Stephen Scroop went into England leaving the Earl of Ormond to officiate as Justice during his absence In June this year the people of Dublin invaded Scotland entering it at S. Ninians where they gallantly behav'd themselves after which they made a descent upon Wales and did great hurt among the Welsh in this expedition they carried the shrine of S. Cubie to the Church of the Holy Trinity in Dublin Item This year on the vigil of the blessed Virgin died James Botiller Earl of Ormond at Baligauran during his office he was much lamented and succeeded by Gerald Earl of Kildare MCCCCVI In the seventh year of King Richard the Dublinians on Corpus Christi day with the assistance of the country people overcame the Irish and kill'd some of them they took three ensigns and carried off several of their heads to Dublin The same year the Prior of Conal in a battle with 200 well-arm'd Irish on the Plain of Kildare vanquish'd them by his great valour killing some and putting the rest to flight The Prior and his party were not above twenty such is the regard of Providence to those that trust in it The same year after the feast of S. Michael Scroop Deputy Justice to Thomas the King's son Viceroy of Ireland arriv'd here The same year died Innocentius VII succeeded in the chair by Gregory The same year on S. Hilaries-day a Parliament was held at Dublin which broke up in Lent at Trym Meiler Bermingham slew Cathol O Conghir in the latter end of February about the same time died Sir Geffery Vaux a valiant Knight of the County of Carlagh MCCCCVII A perfidious base Irishman call'd Mac Adam Mac Gilmori never christen'd and therefore call'd Morbi nay one that had been the ruin of forty Churches took Patrick Savage prisoner forc'd him to pay 2000 marks for ransom