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A52257 Cosmographia, or, A view of the terrestrial and cœlestial globes in a brief explanation of the principles of plain and solid geometry applied to surveying and gauging of cask : the doctrine of primum mobile : with an account of the Juilan & Gregorian calendars, and the computation of the places of the sun, moon, and fixed stars ... : to which is added an introduction unto geography / by John Newton ... Newton, John, 1622-1678. 1679 (1679) Wing N1055; ESTC R17177 190,483 519

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Imprimatur Guil. Iane R. P. D. Hen. Episc. Lond. à Sacris Dom. COSMOGRAPHIA OR A VIEW OF THE Terrestrial and Coelestial GLOBES IN A Brief Explanation OF THE PRINCIPLES Of plain and solid GEOMETRY Applied to Surveying and Gauging of CASK The Doctrine of the Primum Mobile With an Account of the Juilan Gregorian Calendars and the Computation of the Places of of the Sun Moon and Fixed Stars from such Decimal Tables of their Middle Motion as supposeth the whole Circle to be divided into an hundred Degrees or Parts To which is added an Introduction unto GEOGRAPHY By John Newton D. D. London Printed for Thomas Passinger at the Three Bibles on London-Bridge 1679. TO THE Most Honourable HENRY SOMERSET Lord Herbert Baron of Chepstow Raglan and Gower Earl and Marquess of Worcester Lord President and Lord Lieutenant of Wales and the Marches Lord Lieutenant of Gloucester Hereford and Monmouth and of the City and County of Bristol Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter and one of His Majestie 's Most Honourable Privy Council HE that adventures upon any thing contrary to the General received practice what ever his own courage and resolutions are had need to be supported not only by the most Wise and Honourable but also the most Powerful Persons that are in a Nation or Kingdom For let the Proposals be never so advantagious to the Publick they shall not only be decried and neglected but it is well if the Promoter be not both abused and ruined Yet I notwithstanding all these discouragements have not been silent but in order to Childrens better Education have long since published my thoughts and have and do declare that the multitude of Schools for the learning of the Latine and Greek Tongues are destructive both to our youth and the Commonwealth and if the Opinion of Sir Francis Bacon in his Advice to King Iames concerning Sutton's Hospital be not sufficient to warrant my Assertion I could heartily wish that no such Evidence could have been produced as the late unhappy Wars in the Bowels of this Kingdom hath afforded us for what he saith there by way of Advice we by woful Experience have found too true that by reason of the multitude of Grammar Schools more Scholars are dayly brought up than all the Preferments in this Nation can provide for and so they become uncapable of other Professions and unprofitable in their own and at last become materia rerum novarum whether this be an essential or an accidental Effect I will not here dispute the truth of it I am sure cannot be denied but that is not all by this means it comes to pass that four of the seven Liberal Arts are almost wholly neglected as well in both Universities as in all Inferiour Schools and setting aside the City of London there are but few Places in this Nation where a man can put his Son to be well instructed in Arithmetick Geometry Musick and Astronomy and even that Famous City was without a Publick School for Mathematical Learning till His present Majesty was pleased to lay the Foundation nay so averse are men in the general to these Arts which are the support of all Trade that without a high hand it will be almost impossible to make this People wise for their own good I come therefore to your Honour humbly to beg your Countenance and Assistance that the Stream of Learning may be a little diverted in those Schools that are already erected and to be instrumental for the erecting more when they shall be wanting that we may not be permitted still to begin at the wrong end but that according to the practice of the Ancient Philosophers Children may be instructed in Arithmetick Geometry Musick and Astronomy before the Latine and Greek Grammars are thought on these Arts in themselves are much more easie to be learned tend more to a general good and will in a great measure facilitate the Learning of the Tongues to as many as shall after this Foundation laid be continued at School and provided for in either Universities Your Honour was instrumental to enlarge the Maintenance for God's Minister in the Place where I live and perhaps it may please God to make you so not only in making this Place in particular but many other Places in this Land happy by procuring Schools for these Sciences and not only so but by your Loyal and Prudent managing the several Trusts committed to you you may do much for God's Glory your Countries Good and the continuance of your own Honour to all Future Generations which is and shall be the Prayer of Your Honour 's Obliged and Devoted Servant JOHN NEWTON TO THE READER MY Design in publishing these Introductions to Geometry and Astronomy is so well known by all the Epistles to my other Treatises of Grammar Arithmetick Rhetorick and Logick that I think it needless to tell thee here that it is my Opinion that all the Arts should be taught our Children in the English Tongue before they begin to learn the Greek or Latin Grammar by which means many thousands of Children would be fitted for all Trades enabled to earn their own Livings and made useful in the Commonwealth and that before they attain to twelve years of age and by consequence the swarming of Bees would be prevented who being compelled to leave their Hives for want of room do spread themselves abroad and instead of gathering of Honey do● sting all that come in their way We should not have such innumerable company of Gown-men to the loss and prejudice of themselves and the Common-wealth and those we had would probably be more learned and better regarded His Majesty being pleased to begin this Work by His Bounty towards a Mathematical School in Christ's Church London I am not now without hopes to see the same effected in many other Places in this Kingdom and to this purpose I have to my Introductions to the other Arts added these also to Geometry and Astronomy which I call by the name of Cosmographia and this I have divided into four Parts in the first I have briefly laid down the first Principles belonging to the three kinds of Magnitude or continued Quantity Lines Planes and Solids which ought in some measure to be known before we enter upon Astronomy and this part I call an Introduction unto Geometry The second and third Parts treat of Astronomy the first of which sheweth the Doctrine of the Primum Mobile that is the Declination Right Ascension and Oblique Ascensions of the Sun and Stars and such other Problems as do depend upon the Doctrine of Spherical Triangles The second Part of Astronomy treateth of the motion of the Sun Moon and Fixed Stars in order whereunto I have first given thee a brief account of the Civil Year with the cause of the difference between our Julian and Gregorian Calendar and of both from the true for it must be acknowledged that both are erroneous though ours be the