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A23187 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus the Roman emperor, his meditations concerning himselfe treating of a naturall mans happinesse; wherein it consisteth, and of the meanes to attaine unto it. Translated out of the originall Greeke; with notes: by Meric Casaubon ...; Meditations. English Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 121-180.; Casaubon, Meric, 1599-1671. 1634 (1634) STC 962; ESTC S100316 174,038 304

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MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINUS THE ROMAN EMPEROR HIS MEDITATIONS Concerning HIMSELFE TREATING OF A NATVRALL Mans happinesse Wherein it consisteth and of the meanes to attaine unto it TRANSLATED OVT OF THE Originall Greeke with Notes BY MERIC CASAVBON B. of D. and Prebendarie of CHRIST Church Canterbury ECCLVS 18.8 What is man and whereto serveth he What is his good and what is his evill Ibid. 37.3 O wicked imagination whence camest thou in to cover the Earth with deceit LONDON Printed by M. FLESHER for RICHARD MYNNE in Little Britaine at the Signe of S. Paul MDCXXXIV REcensui hunc tractatum cui titulus est M. Aurelius Antoninus the Emperour His Meditations concerning Himselfe c. Translated out of the originall Greeke with notes in quo nihil reperio quod non cum utilitate Publica imprimatur modo intra septem menses proxime sequentes typis mandetur Dat ex Aedibus Londin decimo quarto die Mensis Maii. 1633. Guil. Bray R. P. Domino Episcopo Londin Capellanus Domesticus 〈…〉 〈…〉 To the most R. Father in God WILLIAM BY THE DIVINE Providence LORD Archbishop of Canterbury Primat of all England and Metropolitan One of the Lo of his Maties most Honorable privie Councell and Chancellor of the University of Oxford My very Honourable good Lord. May it please your Grace I Praesent here unto you the Writings of a King J have praesumed that You would honour that sacred Name even in a Heathen so farre as to accept of the worke were it but for the Authors sake For as it may well be esteemed in such an age as this none of your Graces least commendations that you are truly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so J suppose your selfe account it no small happines that you live to serve so Great Gratious a King But if the bare Name of a King would not serve J could add that they are the writings of the Wisest the Learnedst the Bost that ever was among Heathen Kings if Historians may be credited Jt is observed by some of them as a great argument of the Divine Providence that such a Prince was provided against such times when all things seemed to tend to ruine and confusion and all human ordinarie meanes were thought too little to keepe the Empire standing the happy praeservation whereof they generally adscribe to the singular extraordinarie VVisdome of this One both in his Warres abroad in his Civill government at home Hence it is that as of a man of whome there is no hope wee commonly say Ne Salus quidem so was it used as a Proverbe in afterages by some of them of a State irrecoverably gone and declined Ne Marcus quidem As for his Learning J could wish your Grace had the leasure to peruse the historians owne words least myne may seeme too hyberbolicall and yet come far short of their expressions What shall J say then of his Integritie which is so commended by them as it alone might well be thought sufficient without any other commendation to make him Incomparable And indeede J feare J have spoken but improperly when J have mentioned his Wisedome Learning Integritie as three severall Excellencies since that as he Himselfe professed they report of him all the Learning he was ambitious of was but to be Wise all the wisedome but to be good The writings of such a one J know your Grace would respect although he had beene no King And yet another reason which hath made me the bolder to praesent them to your Grace is because in reading them you shall often reade your selfe and though perchance your Modestie will not suffer you to make the application yet others will J am sure that shall reade him and J could not but have respect unto it Vpon these reasons I have presumed If beyond reason I have no other excuse of my boldnes but as I am YOUR GRACES humbly devoted Chaplain MERIC CASAUBON SOME FEVV TESTIMONIES CONCERNING ANTONINVS AND THESE HIS BOOKES Out of SVIDAS MARCVS the Romane Emperor whom it is easier to admire in silence then to praise it being altogether impossible to equall his merits with any expression of words For from his youth having betaken himselfe to a compozed and setled course of life hoe was never seene to alter his countenance through either feare or pleasure Hee most approved the Stoicks not only in their order and discipline of life but also in their course and method of learning He therefore from his younger yeares became so famous and illustrious that Adrianus intended oftentimes to settle the Empire upon him but having after a more legall way first setled it upon Antoninus Pius hee neverthelesse reserved the succession of it unto Marcus He thought good also by marriage to ally him unto Anton. Pius that so by succession of blood also he might come to the Empire As for Marcus he still continued in the same private course of life and in the like subjection as other Romans did and was in nothing altered by this adoption and new affinity And when he was come to the Empire and had the absolute power in his hands he was never knowne to doe any thing insolently but as in matters of bounty he was alwaies most free and exuberant so in his government he was no lesse meeke and moderate Againe out of the same MArcus Antoninus a Romane Emperour having deserved in all things the commendation of a perfect Philosopher c. Hee hath written concerning the course of his owne life twelue Bookes Athenagoras a Philosopher of Athens in his Apologie for the Christians addressed unto Marcus Antoninus and his sonne Commodus by way of humble Mediation and Intercession I Know well enough that ye doe not more surpasse others in royall power and prudence then in the exact perfection of all manner of learning so that even they that have singled out and wholly applied themselues to any one part have not attained to that happy perfection in that one which ye have attained unto in all parts of learning Iul. Capitol in vita Marci ERat enim ipse tantae tranquillitatis ut vultum nunquam mutaverit maerore vel gaudio Philosophiae deditus Stoicae quam et per optimos quosque magistros acceperat et undique ipse collegerat Vulcatius Gallicanus in Avidio Cassio NEc defuere qui illum Cassium scil Catilinam vocarent cum et ipse gauderet se ita appellari addens futurum se Sergium si Dialogistam occidisset Antoninum hoc nomine significans qui tantum enituit in Philosophia ut iturus ad bellum Marcommanicum timentibus cunctis ne quid fatale proveniret rogatus sit non adulatione sed serio ut praecepta Philosophiae ederet c. Aurelius Victor in Breviario TAntum Marco sapientiae innocentiae ac literarum fuit ut is Marcommanos cum filio Commodo quem Caesarem suffecerat petiturus Philosophorum obtestantium vi circumfunderetur ne se expeditioni aut pugnae prius committer
as neere as they could bee imitated are these In the writing of which 〈◊〉 although something may be observed not ordinarie as G●● for Olla and those kind of A. and L. c. yet is there nothing so singular but a learned antiquarie well versed in ●ruter's Thesaurus of Inscriptions will soone find examples of it As for the sense and meaning of the words though not so obvious perchance as might bee wished yet must I because few words will not serve suspend my opinion till some sitter opportunitie That in the middle with the Inscription COCCILLIM was by the meanes of a worthy fiend M. Dr. Winston that great ornament of his profession procured unto me from the Right Honourable for his worth and love to learning as well as by his place Richard Earle of Pordand Lord High Treasurer of England c. whome with some other rare antiquities it was sent unto some yeares ago I was desirous to compare these that I had for the Inscriptions sake especially with some others of the same kind But I find this difference that whereas mine were much perished and worne by age such was the brightnesse and smoothnesse of this middle of the cover of it I meane which is of a redd colcureth earth as that it rather resembled pure Corrall then ordinarie red earth and as for the letters of the Inscription that they were not as mine widely graven in with the hand but in the same mould and at the same time when the cover it selfe was formed very artificially printed or imbossed rather as by these figures that are represented you may in part perceive Since that when I passed last by Newington coming from London among many other fragments of antiquitie in M. Dearings gardin I found the peec● of just such an other Cover but that the colour of it is nothing so fresh with this Inscription in the middle likewise PRISCIAN Now as the multitude of these Newington urnes for I doe not remember that ever so many in so narrow a compasse of ground were founds is observable so is the manner of their laying in the ground They that have been present often at their digging up have observed that where one great Vrne is found divers lesse vessels are some within the great some about it all coverd either with a proper cover of the same earth and making as the pott it selfe is or more coursely but very closely stopped up with other earth Of all those small vessels of what fashion soever that are found either in or about these urnes I know no other use to satisfie in some part their curiositie that wonder at them when they see them that was ordinarie among the Romans but either to conteine some fragrant odoriferous liquor and durable confection or that libatie of wine and milke that they used about their dead or lastly not to speake here of those burning lampes that have beene found in some ancient urnes and monuments which so many have largely written and disputed of to receive and preserve the teares that were shed by the friends of the deceased for greefe of their death As for the difference of the greater the lesser urnes Fabricius in his Roma and Marlianus in his topographicall description of the same are of opinion that when urnes of different bignes are found in the same place the greater were for the greater and richer as the masters and Patroni and the lesser for the poorer and inferiour as the servants and clientes In things of this nature which were I meane altogether arbitrarie there is no question but different fashions were used in different places yea and likely in the same place as every mans particular conceit or humor served him And therefore it were hard to determine any thing as certainly and generally true But as for these N. urnes this seemes to have beene the custome there used One great urne was appointed to containe the bones and ashes of all one either houshould or kindred As often therefore as any of them dyed so often had they recourse unto the common urne which so often was uncovered To prevent this I find that the fashion hath beene in some places to lett in the ashes through some holes made and fitted for that purpose See Gruter fol. 814. Now besides the great and common urne it is likely that every particular person that dyed had some lesse urne or vessell particularly dedicated to his owne memorie whereby both the number of the deceased and the parties themselves might the better bee remembred There might bee also another use of these lesser pots in my judgement very necessary and that is that by them the common great Urnes might the better bee knowne and discerned one from another which being so neare in so small a compasse of ground and not much unlike one another might otherwise easily be mistaken And this is the more likely because of those many hundreds that have beene taken up of the lesser sort scarce have there beene found any of one and the same making I heare not of any thing that hath hitherto beene found in these Newington urnes besides bones and ashes and sometimes cleere water And so doe I reade of urnes or Earthen vessels plenis limpidissimâ aquâ that have bene found elsewhere as that which is mentioned in Gruterus fol. 927. I doubt not but many would be glad as well as I to know certainly what this place hath formerly beene But alas how should wee who are of yesterday know nothing without the helpe of ancient records recall the memorie of things forgotten so many hundred of yeares agoe Thus much wee may certainly enough conclude First from the multitude of these urnes that it was once a common burying place for the Romans Secondly from the Historie of the Romās in this land that no urne is there found but is 1200. or 1300 Yeares old at the least so many ages of men have these poore earthen vessels of so much better clay for durance then human bodies are outlasted both the makers of them and the persons to whose memory they were consecrated Lastly from the place which is upon an ascent and for a good way beyond hilly not farre from the Sea and neere the high way wee may affirme in all probabilitie that it was once the feate of a Roman station If any man can teach me more of it I shall heartily thanck him Since this was written I made another journey to the place and spent some time there in digging but with no successe However that I might not returne home emptie the same M. Dearing gave me a piece of urne which hath this inscription FVL LINVS B. VI. n. XXXVII As that vile and ridiculous verse Chrysippus his owne words and Plutarchs censure upon them you may reade in Plutarch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherby it appeares that Chrysippus his word was not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as wee have it here but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Booke VIII