shall subscribe for ten compleat Books shall for the same price have eleven compleat Books in Quires deliver'd to him IX Because several Gentlemen do complain that they have been deceived by several Proposers in this nature therefore for the punctual performance of what is here undertaken the Bookseller Moses Pitt has already given sufficient Security to Sir Joseph Williamson one of his Majesties Principal Secretaries of State and President of the Royal Society for performance of his Engagement and Proposals X. It is requested that every Subscriber to this great Undertaking would be pleased to set down the County and place of his Habitation together with directions how to send to him to the end that notice may be given him according as the Work goes forwaad WHereas his most Sacred Majesty has been Graciously pleased for the promoting of this Design to permit that his Collections of Maps and Descriptions of Countries may be perused that such of them as have not yet been published and are thought proper for this work may be taken into it and whereas his Royal Highness and his Highness Prince Rupert have been also pleased to promise the same favour and the like has been done by the Right Honorable Sir Joseph Williamson one of his Majesties Principal Secretaries of State and President of the Royal Society and also by the most learned Dr. Isaac Vossius who is pleased to communicate his most copious and exquisite Collections and it is hoped that the same will be done by several other persons of Honour and Quality therefore it is humbly desired that all Gentlemen who have any particular Maps or Relations of new Discoveries or any more perfect descriptions of places already known would be pleased to send the same to the said Moses Pitt who will give sufficient security for the safe return of the same unprejudiced and if they shall be thought proper by the persons hereafter mentioned to be inserted he will take care that it shall be done and that the obligation shall be thankfully acknowledged in such manner as shall be to their own best satisfaction May 3 1678. WE whose names are here subscribed not doubting but that this Work will be of great Use and for the Honour of the Nation and being desired by Moses Pitt to give him our Assistance that he may be the better enabled to perform it do promise that we will from time to time at spare hours both give our Advice for the carrying on of the Work and further since he offers to refer himself to us in divers of his Proposals we will observe how he makes them good and give an account thereof to Sir Joseph Williamson President of the Royal Society or to the President of the said Society for the time being Chr. Wren Isaac Vossius John Pell W. Lloyd Tho. Gale Rob. Hook UPon perusing these preceding Proposals we whose Names are underwritten well approving and highly commending this Design of the said Moses Pitt do for his encouragement not only subscribe our selves for one or more Copies of the said Book but also do recommend so Noble and Useful a Design to the rest of the Nobility and Gentry throughout his Majesties Dominions The KING' 's most Excellent Majesty The QUEEN'S Majesty His Royal Highness the Duke of YORK Her Royal Highness the Dutchess of YORK Her Highness the Lady ANN. His Highness CHARLES-LEWIS Elector Palatine of the RHINE His Highness Prince RUPERT JAMES late Lord Archbishop of St. Andrews ALEXANDER Ld. 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Hludovicus Rex missis quibusdam fidelibus suis sine bello compressit acceptisque obsidibus nonnullis muneribus non paucis eos sub pristinum redegit servitium I have been the more punctual in alledging these Authorities because I find the Polish writers obstinately deny that the Silesians had in these days any other Lords then the Princes of Poland Only Vincentius Kadlubko in the second Book of his Polish Chronicle seems to allow of the foremention'd German Relations when he says that Boleslaus I. annex'd Seleucia Prussia Russia Moravia and Bohemia to the Territories of his predecessors which intimates thus much that formerly Seleucia or Silesia was under the dominion of some other Prince In the year 1042 the Emperor Henry III. gave a grant of Silesia to Bretislaus Duke of Bohemia who resign'd it up to the Polanders on condition they should for ever pay out of it a yearly tribute to the Princes of Bohemia Afterterwards Henry IV. at a Diet held at Mentz A. D. 1086 gave power to Vrati-slaus King of Bohemia to invade Silesia Lusatia and the whole Kingdom of Poland and to subject them to his own Government as is testified by Cosmas Pragensis who was himself present at the Diet. This Cromer cannot deny but only in the height of his passion asserts that neither the Emperor Henry nor King Vratislaus had ever any thing to do with a foot of Land in any of these Territories This Assignment of Silesia occasion'd wars betwixt the Bohemians and Polanders the later whereof we have reason to believe were Conquerors since we read that the Silesians remain'd still subject to Boleslaus III. King of Poland This King's Son Vladislaus II. being banish'd by his Brothers whom his Father had left Coheirs with him of the Kingdom out of Poland fled to the Emperor Conrad III. whose Successor Frideric I. forced King Boleslaus IV. to resign all Silesia to this exil'd Brother and his Heirs for ever Vladislaus left behind him three Sons Boleslaus Mieczislaus and Conrad who were joint-Dukes of Silesia but paid some small homage and acknowledgment to the Kings of Poland The flocking in of the Germans into Silesia with Vladislaus and his Sons and their setling themselves in this Dukedom bred a great deal of bad blood betwixt this Nation and the Polanders Insomuch that the Kings of Poland would seldom call any of the Dukes of Silesia to the General Assemblies or the Princes and Nobility of that Kingdom nor were they ever admitted to succeed to the Crown tho before the Kingdom came to be Elective they had often the justest Title to it John King of Bohemia and Son to the Emperor Henry VII was a zealous promoter of these dissentions managing them so well to his own advantage that at last he became Lord of Silesia by an agreement made with Casimir the Great King of Poland However by this Treaty the whole Dukedom was not made over to him for Bernhard Duke of Sweidnitz still acknowledg'd the Supremacy of the Polish Kings as Stanislaus Lubienski proves out of several ancient Records of that Nation Afterwards Casimir the Great recover'd by force of Arms the Town and Territories of Wschovia contrary says Curaeus to the Articles of the Treaty sign'd by him and the foremention'd John King of Bohemia and by vertue of this Conquest or rather outrage committed by the said Casimir's Soldiers in the year 1343 the Kings of Poland have kept actual possession of Wschovia to this day In the reign of Casimir Jagellonides IV. John Duke of Oswiecieme ventur'd upon an affront given him to invade Poland and to lay waste several Towns and Villages in that Kingdom The Polanders to make themselves satisfaction for this injury march'd into this Duke's Territories and laid in ashes the whole Country before them until Duke John was forc'd to compound the business upon condition that he should for a certain sum of money resign to the King of Poland his whole Right and Title to the Town and Fort of Oswieciem By which means that City was cut off from the King of Bohemia's Dominions in the year 1454. About the same time the Dukes of Ratibor and Sessine made over the Dukedom of Sever to the Bishop of Cracow whose Successors are Lords of it to this day Some other small Tracts of Land in the Dukedom of Silesia do still belong to certain Abbies and other Religious Houses in the Kingdom of Poland but all the most noted Provinces except the Dukedom of Crossen of which in its place are reckon'd Dependances on the Crown of Bohemia upon which score the Emperor of Germany stiles himself Duke of Silesia This Great Dukedom is commonly divided into the Upper and Lower Silesia Diviâ—â— in the former whereof are contain'd the Cities and Territories of Jagerndorf Troppau Teschen Ratibor and Oppelen and in the later the Towns and Dukedoms of Grotkau and Neisse Brieg Bresslau Oelss Munsterberg Schweidnitz Javer Lignitz Glogau Sagan and Crossen Another division of it is into the Polish and German Silesia whereof the first contains all the Tract of Land beyond the Northern banks of the Oder and the later that on the Southern All along the Coasts of Bohemia there are vastly high Mountains which separate that Kingdom from the Dukedom of Bohemia Soil the most remarkable of which are the Montes Sudetes or Risen-bergen whereof the Reader may expect a larger account in the description of Bohemia Within the limits of Silesia the four chief Mountains are 1. Zottenberg or Zobtenberg call'd by Latin Authors Mons Zotensis Zabothus and sometimes Silensis or Silentius 'T is usually by the neighbourhood being about two German miles distant from Schweidnitz call'd the Silesian Wethercock for by the top of this Mountain they pretend to guess what weather they are to expect the next morning On the top are still to be seen the ruins of an old Castle storm'd and demolish'd by the Citizens of Breslaw in the year 1471 because it had been for several years the Harbour and Refuge of a great company of Robbers who here kept their Rendezvous and daily infested the Vicenage Out of this hill the Silesians dig a delicate dark-green Marble 2. Gratsberg or Grodisberg in the Dukedom of Lignitz on the top whereof Duke Frideric the first built a fair Castle which is since turn'd into a Watch-Tower 3. Spitsberg another Beacon-hill not far from the former 4. Georgenberg in the Dukedom of Schweidnitz famous for the Strigische Erde or Terra Sigillata which is a sort of hard Earth with several white yellow and red strokes or veins in it 'T was first discover'd by an excellent Chymist John Montanus Physitian at Strigaw and by him made use of as an antidote against all manner of poison and a soveraign medicine for a great many diseases which he cured with a great deal of facility The secret he kept for some years to himself but at last for the benefit of his Country and all mankind publish'd a
20 Zottl 22 51 00 29 10 Zottsted 22 51 10 28 20 Zottwitz 28 51 10 34 15 Zschimichen 22 50 50 29 30 Zubern 26 51 40 32 20 Zublow 10 13 53 00 32 10 Zuchou 22 50 50 29 20 Zuck 40 41 43 47 55 24 20 Zuckmante 1 24 30 50 10 34 30 Zuenicke 22 33 50 20 29 40 Zuffenhausen 45 48 35 25 50 Zug 38 46 40 24 40 Zuger See 38 46 40 24 40 Zhurstein 32 49 20 33 20 Zukleibe 23 51 40 32 00 Zulauff 24 25 51 30 34 00 Zulberg 22 50 20 29 00 Zule 0 53 30 28 10 Zullich 10 135 52 10 33 00 Zullichaw 24 25 36 52 10 32 20 Zulichendorff 10 12 52 40 30 20 Zulin 10 125 52 50 29 50 Zultenhagen 12 52 30 30 40 Zultz 24 50 20 34 00 Zumflin 22 50 30 29 30 Zumloch 38 50 20 23 20 Zumsw 42 48 15 24 â—5 Zumteich 20 51 40 28 50 Zuntzen 41 43 47 40 24 05 Zuntzentorf 41 48 40 24 05 Zuatlangenhain 19 51 10 26 40 Zur 16 52 10 25 50 Zur fl 41 48 40 24 20 Zurbach 40 48 10 24 30 Zurich 1 38 47 00 25 00 Zuricher 38 46 40 25 00 Zurlag 41 42 44 48 10 24 25 Zurlein 38 50 00 23 20 Zurlied 16 52 15 26 20 Zurmarhausen 01 48 10 27 30 Zurmulen 05 53 25 25 20 Zurzach 38 41 47 20 24 45 Zusweier 40 41 43 44 48 15 24 25 Zuten 10 12 52 00 31 00 Zutern 38 39 45 49 00 25 10 Zutphen 38 52 00 22 00 Zutzevitz 08 53 40 33 00 Zuverhusen 16 52 30 25 50 Zuyder Elbe 03 53 45 26 30 Zuyder gronden 3 4 53 45 24 00 Zuyder Zee 1 38 52 40 21 10 Zweckfrontze 27 51 35 33 40 Zwehofel 28 51 00 34 15 Zweibrucken 39 49 10 23 40 Zweidorf 16 52 15 27 10 Zweilitschinnen 38 46 00 24 00 Zwenfurt 22 51 20 29 30 Zwenick 22 50 30 29 50 Zwerbenberg 45 48 25 25 10 Zwergen 16 51 20 26 20 Zwetel 33 48 30 31 30 Zwettenicht 23 51 25 32 10 Zwetzen 15 51 00 28 20 Zweybrodt 28 51 05 34 05 Zwicka 22 33 50 30 29 10 Zwlckaw 22 50 40 29 30 Zwidel 33 48 50 30 20 Zwiebrucken 38 49 00 23 40 Zwifalten 45 48 05 26 10 Zwifalten Torst 35 48 05 26 00 Zwikowetz 33 49 50 30 40 Zwingr 40 48 00 24 25 Zwirzetitz 2 33 50 20 31 50 Zwitta 32 49 30 33 30 Zwitta fl 32 49 20 33 40 Zwole 32 49 40 33 50 Zwoleniowe 2 33 50 00 31 00 Zwoll 38 52 40 22 00 Zwyckow 2 33 50 40 31 30 Zwynge fl 04 54 00 25 40 Zypel 15 52 10 28 40 Zyra 22 50 30 29 00 Additional Subscribers since the Publishing of the first Volume of the Atlas MICHAEL Lord Arch-Bishop of ARMAGH Lord Primate and Lord Chancellor of Ireland Earl of ARRAN Eldest Son to D. Hamilton Earl of ANNANDALL in Scotland Sir Joseph Ash of Twittenham in Middlesex Richard Atkins of Newport-Pagnell Esq Sir Robert Atkins Tho. Allen M. D. and Fellow of the Colledge of Physitians London Ashburnham Esq Sir Thomas Allen of Sumirliton-Hall Suff. John Berkly Esq Robert Berkly Esq Nich. Barbon M. D. London Roger Braddyl of London Esq Sir John Brownlow Tho. Buck of Westwick Cambridge sh Esq David Bruce M. D. London Sir Will. Barkham of Norfolk Baronet Charles Cockaine Esq Son and Heir to Obrian Vicount Cullen of Righton Northampton shire Sir Charles Caesar of Benington Hartford sh Sir Robert Cotton of Hattly St. George in Bedford shire Baronet Sam. Craddock B. D. of Wickhambrook Suff. JAMES Lord Duffes of Scotland The Honourable MARGARET Danby Widdow Sir Will. Domvile his Majesties Attorney General in Ireland Duncan d ee of the Inner Temple Esq Davis M. D. of Exeter John Donelan of the County of Galaway in Ireland Esq Peter Falaiseau Esq Fergus Faril of the County of Longford in Ireland Esq Ford Esq Andrew Forrester Esq Secretary to the Duke of Lauderdale Henry Ferneley of Dublin in Ireland Esq Henry Goldwell Esq Jo. Goodwin Rector of East Barnet Harfordshire Sir Henry Gough of Pury-Hall Stafford-sh LEWIS Gordon Marquis of Huntley James Griffin Esq Tho. Groundes Esq JOHN Lord Haughton eldest Son to the Earl of Clare Sir PHILIP Howard Coll. and Capt. of the Queens Troops of his Majesties Guards John Goven of Scotland Esq Husbands Esq in Barbados John Hillersden of the Inner Temple Esq Will. Hyde of Langtoft Lincoln-shire Esq John Horne Esq Sir John Hobart of Norfolk Baronet Holt of Brazen-nose Coll. Oxon. Tho. Ibbot Rector of Beecham-wells Norf. JOHN Earl of Kildare in Ireland Tho. Ken D. D. Chaplain to her Highness the Princess of Orange Sir Will. Litton of Harfordshire John Launce Merchant in Marseille Tho Lardners Citizen of London Oliver Long Captain of a Company in his Majestie Foot-Guards in Ireland ALEX. Stuart Earl of Murray Sir Tho. Murray Lord Register of Scotland Christopher Merret M. D. of the Colledge of Physitians London Streynsham Master Esq Agent for the East-India Company in the East Indies John Madden of Dublin Ireland Esq Patrick Murray of Scotland Esq RODERICK Mackenzie of Scotland Esq Mayor Aldermen and Common Council of the City of Norwich Jerome Neschu Esq Secretary to her Royal Highness EARL of Panmeur Lord PITMEDEN of Scotland Will. Pincke of London John Parr Citizen of London Sir John Parsons Knight and Baronet Will. Prince Esq Gentleman-Usher to her Royal Highness Richard Palfrey of Dublin Ireland Esq Henry Parker Esq Secretary to the Lord Bishop of London Will. Paynter Fellow of Exeter Coll. Oxon. Sir John Parker of Dublin in Ireland Francis Puy of Isham Northamptonsh Esq JOHN Earl of Rutland ALEX. Lord Bishop of Ross in Scotland Matthew Reeve Goldsmith in Bath Charles Roderick of Eaton Charles Rogers Esq Gentleman-Usher to her Majesty Jo. Speccott Esq of Penble Cornwal Jo. Stronge of Trinity Coll. Cambridge Jo. Staindbrook of Westminster Will. Stokeham M. D. London Stephens Fellow of Exeter Coll. Oxon. Sir Tho. Spencer of Yarnton Bar. Oxfordsh Sir Edward Smith of Hill-Hall Bar. Essex Sir Bryon Stapleton of Milton Bar. Yorkshire Ralph Stowell of Lawham Esq Somersetshire Tho. Sampson Citizen of London James Scott Esq in Bristol Scotland Will. Strickland Esq of Exon. Coll. Oxon. Sir Jo. Topham one of the Masters in Chancery in Ireland Sigismund Trafford of Lincolnshire Esq Trinity Coll. in Dublin Ireland Charles Toriano of London Merchant Sir Edward Villiers Peter Vande-Putt Merchant in London Usher Esq of Ireland HENEAGE Earl of Winchelsea OTHER Windesser Esq Philip Ward Esq Sir George Walker of Bushy-Hall Harfordsh Savil Whittle Chyrurgion to his Majesty Waterhouse M. D. of Exon. Devonsh Will. Warder of Westminster Esq Rob. Warden of Chester Esq Dean and Chapter of Worcester Charles Willoughby M. D. of Dublin in Ireland Edw. Wright of Scotland Esq JOHN Lord Yester of Scotland Benj. Young Minister of Enfield Middlesex Books Printed at the Theatre in Oxford since the Publishing of the first Volume of the Atlas And are to be sold by Moses Pitt at the Angel in St. Paul's Church-Yard London A Short View of the late Troubles in England briefly setting forth their Rise Growth and Tragical Conclusion As also some Parallel thereof with the Barons Wars in the time of King Henry the Third But chiefly with that in France called the Holy League in the Reign of Henry the Third and Henry the Fourth late Kings of that Realm To which is added a Narrative of the Treaties at Uxbridge An. 1644 by Sir Will. Dugdale Garter King at Arms fol. price bound 16 s. The Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church according to the Use of the Church of England with the Psalter or Psalms of David in folio of a large Roman Letter both upon ordinary and fine Paper Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxoniensis Pars secunda seu Herbarum distributio nova per Tabulas cognationis affinitatis ex Libro Naturae observata detecta Authore Roberto Morison Med. D. Professore Botanico Regio folio Lactantius de mortibus persecutorum liber accesserunt S. S. Perpetuae Felicitatis S Maximiliani S. Felicis Of the Unity of the Church a Discourse written 1430 years since in the time of Decius the persecuting Emperour By Cyprian Bishop of Carthage and Martyr most useful for allaying the present Heats and reconciling the Differences among us quarto price 6. d. Directions for the Book-binder to place the Maps of this second Volume of the English Atlas 1 GErmania pag. 1 2 Albis Fluvius Generalis pag. 4 3 Circa Hamburgensis pag. 4 4 Saxonia Inferior pag. 53 5 Bremensis Ducatus pag. 56 6 Lunenburgensis Ducatus pag. 64 7 Mecklenburg Ducatus pag. 69 8 Pomerania pag. 76 9 Rugia Insula pag. 81 10 Marchia Brandenburgensis pag. 85 11 Vetus vulgo Altmarck pag. 88 89 12 Mittle Marck pag. 88 89 13 Nova vulgo Newmarck pag. 90 14 Anhalt Principatus Magdeburg Ep. 92 15 Brunsvicensis pag. 96 16 Luneburgensis pag. 101. 17 Hildesheimensis pag. 105. 18 Halberstadiensis pag. 107. 19 Turingia pag. 109. 20 Mansfeldiae Comitatus pag. 111. 21 Saxonia superior pag. 113 22 Misnia Voitlandia pag. 115. 23 Lusatia pag. 119. 24 Silesia Ducatus pag. 121 25 Inferior pag. 121 26 Gloganus Ducatus pag. 124 27 Volaviensis Ducatus pag. 124 28 Breslaviensis Ducatus pag. 125 29 Lignicensis pag. 125 30 Grotganus pag. 126 31 Glatz Comitatus pag. 127 32 Moravia pag. 129 33 Bohemia pag. 133 34 Franconia pag. 137 35 Terriorium Francofurtense pag. 139 36 Henneburgensis Ducatus pag. 140 141 37 Werthemiensis Comit. pag. 140 141 38 River Rhein pag. 4 39 Palatinatus Rheni pag. 4 40 Badensis Marchionatus pag. 145 41 Alsatia pag. 148 42 Upper Alsatia pag. 148 43 Lower Alsatia pag. 148 44 Strasburg pag. 149 45 Wertenburgensis Ducatus pag. 150
present religious Emperor into a compliance with whatever they buz into his ears How the Emperors lost the power of Investiture c. we shall shew more at large when we come to treat of the Ecclesiastical Estate of the Empire In all Proclamations Patents Decrees c. the Titles of their present Emperor run as follows Leopold I. by the Grace of God Emperor Kayser of the Romans always Augustus Mehrer des Reichs c. King of Germany Hungary Bohemia Dalmatia Croatia Slavonia Bulgaria Bosnia Servia and Rescia Arch-Duke of Austria Duke of Burgundy Brabant Styria Carinthia Carniola Luxemburg Wittenberg together with the higher and lower Silesia Marquess of the Holy Empire Burgaw Moravia with the higher and farther Lusace Earl of Habsburg Tyrole Ferrete Kiburg Goritia c. Landtgrave of Alsace Lord of Windischamrck Portnaw and Salins For what more peculiarly relates to the Emperor as Arch-Duke of Austria we refer the Reader to the Description of that Country where he may also expect an account of the grandeur of the Emperors Court Retinue Servants c. Of the Election and Coronation of the GERMAN EMPERORS THE principal Members of the German Empire next to the Emperor himself are the Eight Electors viz. the Archbishops of Mentz Triers Colen who are also Arch-Chancellors of the Empire the first in Germany the second in France and the Kingdom of Arles and the third in Italy the King of Bohemia Cup-bearer to the Emperor the Duke of Bavaria Great Steward of the Empire the Duke of Saxony Grand Marshal or Constable the Marquess of Brandenburgh Great Chamberlain and lasty the Prince Palatine of the Rhine Cheif Treasurer of the Empire These Eight for so many they have been since the Westphalian Treaty tho heretofore only Seven have Right and Authority to Elect the Emperor and also to Depose him when by his enormous crimes or unmanly idleness he neglects the Honour of the Empire the public good and the duty of his place Thus they serv'd Wenceslaus tho advanc'd to the Imperial Throne at the request of his Father Charles the Fourth who had deserv'd far better things at their hands for composing the Aurea Bulla of which more hereaster The Archbishop of Mentz has several times taken upon him to remind such Emperors as have not suited with his humour of this grand power of the Electors and to threaten them with the execution of it if they should not alter their courses At what time the power of chusing the Emperors was first committed to those Princes who to this day bear the Title of Electors is not easily determin'd It is certain that Charles the Great transmitted the Imperial Dignity to his posterity by way of Succession And the same Right continued for some ages in his Family until some of his Successors falling far short of this incomparable Emperor were thought unfit to Govern Whereupon the Empire was offer'd to Otho Duke of Saxony and upon his refusal given to Conrad Duke of Franconia After his death Henry Duke Otho's Son was Elected Emperor by a general consent of all the Princes and Estates of the Empire and was succeeded afterwards by his Son Otho I. who obtain'd the Crown by the same means This way of Succession from Father to Son was observ'd till Henry IV. who coming to the Crown when he was a Child and managing it very ill when he was of years to have govern'd better was contemn'd and sleighted by the Lords of the Empire And Pope Gregory VII taking this opportunity of magnifying his own Authority in the German Empire excommunicated him and declaring him unfit to sway the Imperial Scepter order'd him to be deposed which was a thing before that time never heard of in the Empire Whereupon the Rebel Princes thinking themselves absolv'd from their Allegiance Elected Rudolph Duke of Schwaben into the Emperor Henry's place and made a Law That the Right of Succession should be therein abolished and the Power of chusing Emperors committed to the people What Anarchy and confusion follow'd upon this Decree the German Histories will sufficiently inform us But in process of time the less considerable part of the Rabble of Electors were depriv'd of their late gain'd right and priviledge of chusing Emperors the whole power being usurp'd by a few of the chief Officers in the Imperial Court From the year 1250 till 1500 it was the general opinion of all Historians that the Emperor Otho III. and Pope Gregory V. reduc'd the number of Electors to Seven only in this the Authors of those times cannot agree Whether the Emperor or Pope had the greater Authority in settling the Affair But this opinion has of later years been strongly oppos'd by most learned writers and 't is highly probable that more then Seven had voices in the Election of Emperors until the time of Frideric II. For Otho Frisingensis assures us that Henry II. was chosen by all the Lords of the Empire and after his death Conrad Duke of Franconia was advanced into his place by the consent of the same Electors Henry III. Conrad's Son was likewise Elected tho we are not told by whom The Abbot of Vrsperg tells us that Henry IV. was raised to the Imperial Dignity by the Bishops of Germany that Henry V. was chosen by an unanimous consent of all the members of the German Empire that Lotharius II. was made Emperor by two Archbishops eight Bishops with several Abbots and Lords of the Imperial Court that Conrad III. was admitted into the Throne the Duke of Saxony not being call'd to the Election and the See of Mentz being then vacant that Frideric Barbarossa was chosen by all the German Princes that Philip was Elected Emperor by the Suevians Bavarians and Saxons that Otho IV. had the Scepter from the Citizens of Colen Strasburg and some other Imperial Cities This Otho was afterwards excommunicated by the Pope of Rome and Frideric King of Sicily Elected into his room by the voices of the King of Bohemia the Dukes of Austria and Bohemia the Landtgrave of Thuringen and several other Princes of the Empire Hitherto we see the Emperors were not chosen by any set number of Electors tho it is likely that those Princes who have now got the sole power into their hands had even in those times the greatest share of authority in all Elections as being the most potent members of the Empire But when after the death of Frideric II. no man for many years took care of the supreme Government in this deplorable condition of the German Empire Seven of the chief Princes by taking upon them as is probable the management of all public affairs laid the first foundation of the Electoral dignity which was afterwards confirm'd to them by the Emperor Charles the Fourth's Aurea Bulla The reasons why the number of Electors was reduced to Seven was this because that if in any Election six of the voices chanc'd to be equally divided the seventh Elector might cast the ballance to that side where
Comites and Amici used by their Emperors to the greatest Officers in the Court and State whence afterwards in the Eastern Empire we meet with Comites sacrarum largitionum Comites metallorum Comites rerum privatarum Comites Patrimonii c. in all which expressions Comes manifestly signifies the same thing as Praefectus or Magister The reason why the name of Palatine which as we have said denotes only such as are members of the King 's or Emperor's Houshold should afterwards be join'd with a Province remote from the Court seems plain enough For whereas other ordinary Counts had only a power subordinate to that of the Counts Palatine who exercis'd supreme Jurisdiction in the Emperors name these had all the Royalties and Jura Imperii in their respective Provinces which the Counts Palatine enjoy'd at Court And the like forms of speaking we meet with among the old Romans in the Officiary Dignities of Praefectus Praetorio Orientis Praefectus Praetorio Illyrici Praefectus Praetorio Italiae and Praefectus Praetorio Galliarum Where we see the Title of the Houshold or Emperors Palace transferr'd to these several Provinces to denote that they who bore those Offices being as so many Vice-Roys in their peculiar Territories should enjoy like Power Jurisdiction and Dignity in their respective Dominions as if by the name of Praefecti Praetorio they had always liv'd with the Emperor in his Court The additional Title of Palatine hath been conferr'd upon the Counts of Habspurg Tubing Witelenspach Schiern Ortenberg and several other Princes of the Empire In some old lists of the German Princes we find mention made of four Ertz-Pfaltz-Graven or Archi-Palatini viz. Rheni Saxoniae Franciae or Franconiae Hungariae But at this day the Counts Palatine of the Rhine are so singularly eminent Princes by this Title that commonly no other place is understood by the general name of the Palatinate but only their Territories However Saxony is still a Pfaltzgraffschaft or Palatinate and the Duke thereof hath the Soveraignty of a Count Palatine tho he be not so stiled because the Title of Duke is rarely join'd with Palatinus Of the Authority and Power of the Counts Palatine of the Rhine we shall speak more at large hereafter when we come to a particular Description of their Territories What the Dignity of a Count of the Empire is â—â—nts of 〈◊〉 Emâ— may be learn'd from the Patent granted by the Emperor Rudolph II. to Thomas Arundel of Wardour in Wiltshire afterwards made Lord Arundel of Wardour by King James for the creating of him a Count of the Empire which Title his Heirs have kept to this day That the Title is hereditary appears from this passage in the Patent Te supradictum Thomam Arundelium qui jam ante Comitum consanguinitatem a majoribus acceptam in Anglia obtines omnesque singulos liberos haeredes posteros descendentes tuos legitimos utriusque Sexus natos aeternaque serie nascituros etiam veros sacros Romani Imperii Comites Comitissas creavimus fecimus nominavimus c. The learned Mr. Cambden in his History of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth speaking of this Patent tells us that whoever hath the Title of Count of the Empire conferr'd on him has withall a Seat assign'd him and may give his voice in the Imperial Diets he may purchase an Estate in any part of the Emperor's Dominions may list Volunteers and cannot be su'd in any Court of Judicature save only the Imperial Chamber By vertue of the aforesaid Patent the Title of Count of the Sacred Empire is at present enjoy'd by the Right Honourable Henry Lord Arundell of Warder Those of the Nobility whom the ancient Francic Kings made Governors of such Provinces as were of the Frontiers of the Empire Mark-graven were stiled Mark-Graven from the old word Marken which signifies the outmost Marks or Limits of the Empire in the same sence as we use the word Marshes speaking of the bounds betwixt England and Scotland or Wales From the High Dutch Mark-Grave the Latins borrow'd their Marchio and Marggravius the Italians Marchese and the later Greeks their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 instead of our French Marquis and Marchioness Some Etymologists have endeavour'd to bring the Title of Mark-Grave from the old Francic word Mare sometimes written March signifying an Horse and these fancy there was no great difference formerly between the Titles and Offices of Marschal and Mark-Grave or Mar-Grave as they write it In the Feuds we read Qui de Marchia investitur Marchio dicitur Dicitur autem Marchia quia Marcha ut plurimum juxta mare sit posita Where what is said of the derivation of the word Marchio from Marcha is true but if by ut plurimum juxta Mare the Author means that the word Mare bears a part in the original of Mark-Grave or Marquise he is manifestly mistaken For altho the Marca Anconitana and Trevigiana in Italy as also the Marquisate of the Holy Empire in Brabant and the Marca Normanica and Britannica in France be adjoining to the Sea yet the Marquisates of Misnia Lusatia Brandenburg Moravia Austria Mountferrat and Susa in Savoy are inland Countries but had the name of Margrafchaften fixt on them because they were such Provinces as were the Limits or Frontiers of the German Kingdom When Marquises as well as Dukes and Counts began to multiply in the German Empire there were four of them who had the Title of Die vier hohen Mark-Graffen i. e. The four High or Chief Marquises These were they of Brandenburg Merhern or Moravia Meissen and Baden whose Territories are thence call'd die vier hohen Markgrafchaften i. e. The four Chief Marquisates In the Titles of Landtgrave and Burggrave the termination grave signifies the same thing as in Markgrave Landtgraven Landt in the German tongue signifies no more then a Province or Territory so that the word Landtgrave if literally translated must be render'd Comes Provincialis a Count that has supreme Government in some particular Province Landtherr was anciently a Title of the same signification and conferr'd upon the Lords of Verona who were of the Family de la Scala or the Scaligers of Mirandula Padua and Millain who were lookt upon as Princes equal in power and dignity to as many Counts Palatine The Germans usually reckon up four Landtgraves as well as four Dukes four Counts four Marquises and four of most other Dignities as most eminent in the Empire these are the Landtgraves of Thuringen Hessen Alsace and Luchtenburg of which the Landtgrave of Hessen is at this day a Prince of the greatest note The most ancient Creation of a Landtgrave which we meet with in History is that of Ludowic III. Count of Thuringen who by the Emperor Lotharius his Father-in-Law had his Title alter'd into Landtgrave of the same place in the year 1126. Sometimes we meet with the word Landtgrave made use of to signifie
the name of the Dukedom of Bremen The name of this City is fetcht by some from one Luba a famous Fisherman that heretofore pitcht his Tents upon the Sea-shore in the same place where afterwards the great City of Lubec was built But this fiction is of the same stamp with the frivolous Etymologies with which some of our English Historians have furnish'd us of Britain from Brutus and London from King Lud. Others tell us that Lubec in the old Wendish tongue signifies a Crown and therefore would perswade us that this Town had its name from the preeminence which immediately after its first foundation it might justly challenge amongst the other Cities of Germany Whence Lindebergius alluding to this Etymology concludes his Elogium in the praise of Lubec with this Distich Et decus Europae lumen sit totius Ansae Et sit Vandalici pulchra Corona soli But the most probable opinion is what we have before mention'd that the name is truly High-Dutch and signifies no more than Lob-eck or ein eck des lobes a corner of Land for upon such a plot of ground 't is situate commendable for something or other in it extraordinary and notable The Polish Historians particularly J. Ludowic Decius in his History of Sigismund II. King of Poland are very zealous in asserting that this great City owes its birth to the Princes of their Country who having made themselves Masters of all this part of Germany built a Fort and in some short time after a wall'd Town in that neck of land upon which Lubec stands But the Germans as vigorously oppose this assertion affirming that Godschalck a certain King of the Vandals laid the first foundation of the Town A. D. 1040 which small beginnings were enlarg'd into the bulk of a considerable City by Crito a Prince of Rugen in the year 1104 or as others 1087. But however this is certain that it was never a City nor had any Charter confirm'd to it before it had been once utterly ruin'd and laid desolate by Ratzo Prince of Rugen in the year 1134 and rebuilt by Adolph II. Earl of Holstein A. D. 1140 who being unable to defend any part of his Territories against the victorious Duke of Saxony and Bavaria Henry II. surnam'd the Lion was forc'd to yeild up to him Lubec amongst the other conquer'd parts of his Dominions Afterwards when success and pride had swell'd Henry to that height as to make him neglect his duty and allegiance to the Emperor Frideric Barbarossa and to side with the Pope in a quarrel against him he was by the said Emperor publicly proscrib'd and devour'd by the joint forces of his neighbour Princes every one laying hold of that part of his Estates which lay next him In this confusion Lubec was besieg'd and taken by the Emperor himself but after his death restor'd to the foremention'd Duke Henry Afterwards it was conquer'd by Waldemar Duke of Sleswic and Brother to Canutus King of Denmark But not long after the Citizens finding themselves too severely treated by their Danish Lords put their City under the protection of the Emperor Frideric II. who granted them several priviledges and immunities and restor'd them to the ancient Liberties which they had enjoy'd under their first Masters Since that time Lubec has continued an Imperial City being always reckon'd one of the chief in the Empire and the Metropolis of the Hans-Towns The Bishopric of Lubec which since John Adolph Duke of Holstein was elected Bishop of that See in the year 1596 has always been in the possession of some of the younger Brothers of that House was first founded by the Emperor Otho I. at Oldenburg in Wagerland and afterwards removed hither with the permission of the Emperor Frideric I. by Henry the Lion Duke of Saxony in the year 1163. There is not any City in the Northern parts of the German Empire which at this day excels or perhaps can equalize Lubec either in beauty or uniformity of its Buildings or pleasantness of its Gardens and Groves The Streets are generally strait and even the Houses being all built with Brick and cover'd with Tyles In the year 1238 a great fire hap'ning in the City burnt down many of their Streets which at that time consisted of Houses made of Timber and cover'd with Thatch whereupon the Senators of the City made an Order that thenceforward no such Houses should be built within the walls of the Town From the public Conduit they have water convey'd by pipes into every Citizen's private House according to which pattern the Conduits in London and other great Cities in Europe were first contrived The Streets are in several places graced with rows of Linden Trees planted on each side The Churches about twenty in number are generally well built and adorn'd with high Steeples or Spires especially the Cathedral dedicate to St. Mary which is a piece of as curious Architecture as most in Germany The River Trave on which Lubec is seated about eight or ten English miles from the Sea is large and deep enough to carry the largest Vessels that sail upon the Baltic So that daily Merchant-men of the greatest bulk as well as flat bottom'd Barges are brought up to the Walls of the City which with its neighbour Hamburg is thought to maintain near six hundred Vessels in continual traffick The City is govern'd by twelve Burgo-masters who are all of them either Doctors of Civil Law or some of the grave and experienc'd Nobility of the City The Common Council is made up of half Lawyers and Nobles and the other half Merchants Their Laws will not permit any Handicrafts-man two Brothers nor Father and Son to be of this great Council of the City supposing that illiterate Mechanics can hardly have so much skill in State-affairs as will render them fit for Government and that near Relations will be apt to side with one another and not act with such unbyass'd judgments as others that are nothing akin II. WISMAR Wismar Seated in the way betwixt Lubec and Rostoc at an equal distance namely seven German or one and twenty English miles from both those Cities Cromer and Vapovius zealous assertors of the honour of their Country derive the name of this City from one Wissimir its founder who they tell us was a Polish Prince descended from their Great Duke Lechus The grounds of their story they borrow from Saxo Grammaticus and Crantzius who report that Wissimirus a Prince of the Vandals march'd with a good Army into Denmark and there slew Siward King of the Danes and at his return built Wismar Now these men imagining that Princeps Vandalicus and Vendicus signifie the same thing conclude presently that this Wissimir must certainly have been a Pole and then the greatest honour they can do him is to bring him from the Loins of Lechus Whereas granting the main part of Crantzius's story which nevertheless is undoubtedly false that Wismar was indeed built by such a Prince as