Selected quad for the lemma: lord_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	henry_n	john_n	viscount_n	11,721	5	11.0578	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68197	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 1] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 1	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt1; ESTC S122178	1,179,579	468

Scotland which could not be now for anie earledome did homage to the sonne of Henrie the second with a reseruation of the dutie to king Henrie the second his father Also the earledome of Huntingdon was as ye haue heard before this forfeited by Malcolme his brother and neuer after restored to the crowne of Scotland This William did afterward attend vpon the same Henrie the second in his warres in Normandie against the French king notwithstanding their French league and then being licenced to depart home in the tenth of this prince and vpon the fiftéenth of Februarie he returned and vpon the sixtéenth of October did homage to him for the realme of Scotland In token also of his perpetuall subiection to the crowne of England he offered vp his cloake his faddle and his speare at the high altar in Yorke wherevpon he was permitted to depart home into Scotland where immediatlie he mooued cruell warre in Northumberland against the same king Henrie being as yet in Normandie But God tooke the defense of king Henries part and deliuered the same William king of Scots into the hands of a few Englishmen who brought him prisoner to king Henrie into Normandie in the twentith yeere of his reigne But at the last at the sute of Dauid his brother Richard bishop of saint Andrews and other bishops and lords he was put to this fine for the amendment of his trespasse to wit to paie ten thousand pounds sterling and to surrender all his title to the earldome of Huntingdon Cumberland Northumberland into the hands of king Henrie which he did in all things accordinglie sealing his charters thereof with the great seale of Scotland and signets of his nobilitie yet to be seene wherein it was also comprised that he and his successours should hold the realme of Scotland of the king of England and his successours for euer And herevpon he once againe did homage to the same king Henrie which now could not be for the earledome of Huntingdon the right whereof was alreadie by him surrendred And for the better assurance of this faith also the strengths of Berwike Edenborough Roxborough and Striueling were deliuered into the hands of our king Henrie of England which their owne writers confesse But Hector Boetius saith that this trespasse was amended by fine of twentie thousand pounds sterling and that the erledome of Huntingdon Cumberland and Northumberland were deliuered as morgage into the hands of king Henrie vntill other ten thousand pounds sterling should be to him paid which is so farre from truth as Hector was while he liued from well meaning to our countrie But if we grant that it is true yet prooueth he not that the monie was paid nor the land otherwise redéemed or euer after came to anie Scotish kings hands And thus it appeareth that the earledome of Huntingdon was neuer occasion of the homages of the Scotish kings to the kings of England either before this time or after This was doone 1175. Moreouer I read this note hereof gathered out of Robertus Montanus or Montensis that liued in those daies and was as I take it confessor to king Henrie The king of Scots dooth homage to king Henrie for the kingdome of Scotland and is sent home againe his bishops also did promise to doo the like to the archbishop of Yorke and to acknowledge themselues to be of his prouince and iurisdiction By vertue also of this composition the said Robert saith that Rex Angliae dabat honores episcopatus abbatias alias dignitates in Scotia vel saltem eius consilio dabantur that is The king of England gaue honors bishopriks abbatships and other dignities in Scotland or at the leastwise they were not giuen without his aduise and counsell At this time Alexander bishop of Rome supposed to haue generall iurisdiction ecclesiasticall through christendome established the whole cleargie of Scotland according to the old lawes vnder the iurisdiction of the archbishop of Yorke In the yeare of our Lord 1185 in the moneth of August at Cairleill Rouland Talmant lord of Galwaie did homage and fealtie to the said king Henrie with all that held of him In the two and twentith yeare of the reigne of king Henrie the second Gilbert sonne of Ferguse prince of Galwaie did homage and fealtie to the said king Henrie and left Dunecan his sonne in hostage for conseruation of his peace Richard surnamed Coeur de Lion because of his stoutnesse and sonne of this Henrie was next king of England to whome the same William king of Scots did homage at Canturburie for the whole kingdome of Scotland This king Richard was taken prisoner by the duke of Ostrich for whose redemption the whole realme was taxed at great summes of monie vnto the which this William king of Scots as a subiect was contributorie and paied two thousand markes sterling In the yeare of our Lord 1199 Iohn king of England sent to William king of Scots to come and doo his homage which William came to Lincolne in the moneth of December the same yeare and did his homage vpon an hill in the presence of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie and of all the people there assembled and therevnto tooke his oth and was sworne vpon the crosse of the said Hubert also he granted by his charter confirmed that he should haue the mariage of Alexander his sonne as his liegeman alwaies to hold of the king of England promising moreouer that he the said king William and his sonne Alexander should keepe and hold faith and allegiance to Henrie sonne of the said king Iohn as to their chiefe lord against all maner of men that might liue and die Also whereas William king of Scots had put Iohn bishop of saint Andrew out of his bishoprike pope Clement wrote to Henrie king of England that he should mooue and induce the same William and if néed required by his roiall power and prerogatiue ouer that nation to compell him to leaue his rancor against the said bishop and suffer him to haue and occupie his said bishoprike againe In the yeare of our Lord 1216 and fiue twentith of the reigne of Henrie sonne to king Iohn the same Henrie and the quéene were at Yorke at the feast of Christmasse for the solemnization of a marriage made in the feast of saint Stephan the martyr the same yeare betwéene Alexander king of Scots and Margaret the kings daughter and there the said Alexander did homage to Henrie king of England for all the realme of Scotland In buls of diuerse popes were admonitions giuen to the kings of Scots as appeareth by that of Gregorie the fift and Clement his successor that they should obserue and trulie kéepe all such appointments as had béene made betwéene the kings of England and Scotland And that the kings of Scotland should still hold the realme of Scotland of the kings of England vpon paine of cursse and interdiction After the death of Alexander king of Scots Alexander his sonne

therein be side 27. parish-churches of which 15. or 16. haue their Parsons the rest either such poore Uicars or Curats as the liuings left are able to sustaine The names of the parishes in the Wight are these 1 Newport a chap. 2 Cairsbrosie v. 3 Northwood 4 Arriun v. 5 Goddeshill v. 6 Whitwell 7 S. Laurence p. 8 Nighton p. 9 Brading v. 10 Newchurch v. 11 S. Helene v. 12 Yauerland p. 13 Calborne p. 14 Bonechurch p. 15 Mottesson p. 16 Yarmouth p. 17 Thorley v. 18 Shalflete v. 19 Whippingham p. 20 Wootton p. 21 Chale p. 22 Kingston p. 23 Shorwell p. 24 Gatrombe p. 25 Brosie 26 Brixston p. 27 Bensted p. It belongeth for temporall iurisdiction to the countie of Hamshire but in spirituall cases it yéeldeth obedience to the sée of Winchester wherof it is a Deanerie As for the soile of the whole Iland it is verie fruitfull for notwithstanding the shore of it selfe be verie full of rocks and craggie cliffes yet there wanteth no plentie of cattell corne pasture medow ground wild foule fish fresh riuers and pleasant woods whereby the inhabitants may liue in ease and welfare It was first ruled by a seuerall king and afterwards wonne from the Britons by Vespasian the legat at such time as he made a voiage into the west countrie In processe of time also it was gotten from the Romans by the kings of Sussex who held the souereignti● of the same and kept the king thereof vnder tribute till it was wonne also from them in the time of Athelwold the eight king of the said south region by Ceadwalla who killed Aruald that reigned there and reserued the souereigntie of that I le to himselfe and his successors for euermore At this time also there were 1200. families in that Iland whereof the said Ceadwalla gaue 300 to Wilfride sometime bishop of Yorke exhorting him to erect a church there and preach the gospell also to the inhabitants thereof which he in like maner performed but according to the precriptions of the church of Rome wherevnto he yéelded himselfe vassall and feudarie so that this I le by Wilfride was first conuerted to the faith though the last of all other that hearkened vnto the word After Ceadwalla Woolfride the parricide was the first Saxon prince that aduentured to flie into the Wight for his safegard whither he was driuen by Kenwalch of the Westsaxons who made great warres vpon him and in the end compelled him to go into this place for succour as did also king Iohn in the rebellious stir of his Barons practised by the clergie the said Iland being as then in possession of the Forts as some doo write that haue handled it of purpose The first Earle of this Iland that I doo read of was one Baldwijne de Betoun who married for his second wife the daughter of William le Grosse Earle of Awmarle but he dieng without issue by this ladie she was maried the second time to Earle Maundeuile and thirdlie to William de Fortes who finished Skipton castell which his wiues father had begun about the time of king Richard the first Hereby it came to passe also that the Forts were Earls of Awmarle Wight and Deuonshire a long time till the ladie Elizabeth Fortes sole heire to all those possessions came to age with whom king Edward the third so preuailed through monie faire words that he gat the possession of the Wight wholie into his hands held it to himselfe his successors vntill Henrie the sixt about the twentieth of his reigne crowned Henrie Beauchamp sonne to the lord Richard Earle of Warwike king thereof and of Iardesey and Gardesey with his owne hands and thervnto gaue him a commendation of the Dutchie of Warwike with the titles of Comes comitum Angliae lord Spenser of Aburgauenie and of the castell of Bristow which castell was sometime taken from his ancestors by king Iohn albeit he did not long enioy these great honors sith he died 1446. without issue and seuen yéeres after his father After we be past the Wight we go forward and come vnto Poole hauen wherein is an I le called Brunt Keysy in which was sometime a parish church and but a chapell at this present as I heare There are also two other Iles but as yet I know not their names We haue after we are passed by these another I le or rather Byland also vpon the coast named Portland not far from Waymouth or the Gowy a prettie fertile peece though without wood of ten miles in circuit now well inhabited but much better heretofore and yet are there about foure score housholds in it There is but one street of houses therein the rest are dispersed howbeit they belong all to one parish-church whereas in time past there were two within the compasse of the same There is also a castell of the kings who is lord of the I le although the bishop of Winchester be patrone of the church the parsonage whereof is the fairest house in all the péece The people there are no lesse excellent stingers of stones than were the Baleares who would neuer giue their children their dinners till they had gotten the same with their stings and therefore their parents vsed to hang their meate verie high vpon some bough to the end that he which strake it downe might onlie haue it whereas such as missed were sure to go without it Florus lib. 3. cap. 8. Which feat the Portlands vse for the defense of their Iland and yet otherwise are verie couetous And wheras in time past they liued onlie by fishing now they fall to tillage Their fire bote is brought out of the Wight and other places yet doo they burne much cow doong dried in the sunne for there is I saie no wood in the I le except a few elmes that be about the church There would some grow there no doubt if they were willing to plant it although the soile lie verie bleake and open It is not long since this was vnited to the maine and likelie yer long to be cut off againe Being past this we raise another also in the mouth of the Gowy betweene Colsford and Lime of which for the smalnesse thereof I make no great account Wherefore giuing ouer to intreat any farther of it I cast about to Iardsey and Gardesey which Iles with their appurtenances apperteined in times past to the Dukes of Normandie but now they remaine to our Quéene as parcell of Hamshire and iurisdiction of Winchester belonging to hir crowne by meanes of a composition made betwéene K. Iohn of England and the K. of France when the dominions of the said prince began so fast to decrease as Thomas Sulmo saith Of these two Iardsey is the greatest an Iland hauing thirtie miles in compasse as most men doo coniecture There are likewise in the same twelue parish-churches with a colledge which hath a Deane and Prebends It is distant from

of Norwaie and Denmarke which church was by the same Malcolme accordinglie performed Edward called the Confessour sonne of Etheldred and brother to Edmund Ironside was afterward king of England he tooke from Malcolme king of Scots his life and his kingdome and made Malcolme soone to the king of Cumberland and Northumberland king of Scots who did him homage and fealtie This Edward perused the old lawes of the realme and somewhat added to some of them as to the law of Edgar for the wardship of the lands vntill the heire should accomplish the age of one and twentie yeeres He added that the marriage of such heire should also belong to the lord of whom the same land was holden Also that euerie woman marrieng a free man should notwithstanding she had no children by that husband enioie the third part of his inheritance during hir life with manie other lawes which the same Malcolme king of Scots obeied and which as well by them in Scotland as by vs in England be obserued to this day and directlie prooueth the whole to be then vnder his obeisance By reason of this law Malcolme the sonne of Duncane next inheritor to the crowne of Scotland being within age was by the nobles of Scotland deliuered as ward to the custodie also of king Edward During whose minoritie one Makebeth a Scot traitorouslie vsurped the crowne of Scotland Against whome the said Edward made warre in which the said Mackbeth was ouercome and slaine Wherevpon the said Malcolme was crowned king of Scots at Scone in the eight yeere of the reigne of king Edward aforesaid This Malcolme also by tenor of the said new law of wardship was married vnto Margaret the daughter of Edward sonne of Edmund Ironside and Agatha by the disposition of the same king Edward and at his full age did homage to this king Edward the Confessour for the kingdome of Scotland Moreouer Edward of England hauing no issue of his bodie and mistrusting that Harald the son of Goodwine descended of the daughter of Harald Harefoot the Dane would vsurpe the crowne if he should leaue it to his cousine Edgar Eatling being then within age and partlie by the petition of his subiects who before had sworne neuer to receiue anie kings ouer them of the Danish nation did by his substantiall will in writing as all our clergie writers affirme demise the crowne of great Britaine vnto William Bastard then duke of Normandie and to his heires constituting him his heire testamentarie Also there was proximitie in bloud betwéene them for Emme daughter of Richard duke of Normandie was wife vnto Etheldred on whom he begat Alured and this Edward and this William was son of Robert sonne of Richard brother of the whole bloud to the same Emme Whereby appeareth that this William was heire by title and not by conquest albeit that partlie to extinguish the mistrust of other titles and partlie for the glorie of his victorie he chalenged in the end the name of a conquerour and hath béene so written euer since the time of his arriuall Furthermore this William called the Bastard and the Conquerour supposed not his conquest perfect till he had likewise subdued the Scots Wherfore to bring the Scots to iust obeisance after his coronation as heire testamentarie to Edward the Confessour he entred Scotland where after a little resistance made by the inhabitants the said Malcolme then their king did homage to him at Abirnethie in Scotland for the kingdome of Scotland as to his superiour also by meane of his late conquest William surnamed Rufus sonne to this William called the Conquerour succéeded next in the throne of England to whome the said Malcolme king of Scots did like homage for the whole kingdome of Scotland But afterward he rebelled and was by this William Rufus slaine in plaine field Wherevpon the Scotishmen did choose one Donald or Dunwall to be their king But this William Rufus deposed him and created Dunkane sonne of Malcolme to be their king who did like homage to him Finallie this Dunkane was slaine by the Scots and Dunwall restored who once againe by this William Rufus was deposed and Edgar son of Malcolme and brother to the last Malcolme was by him made their king who did like homage for Scotland to this William Rufus Henrie called Beauelerke the sonne of William called the Conqueour after the death of his brother William Rufus succéeded to the crowne of England to whome the same Edgar king of Scots did homage for Scotland this Henrie Beauclerke maried Mawd the daughter of Malcome II. of Scots and by hir had issue Mawd afterward empresse Alexander the sonne of Malcolme brother to this Mawd was next king of Scots he did like homage for the kingdome of Scotland to this Henrie the first as Edgar had doone before him Mawd called the empresse daughter and heire to Henrie Beauclerke and Mawd his wife receiued homage of Dauid brother to hir and to this Alexander next king of Scots before all the temporall men of England for the kingdome of Scotland This Mawd the empresse gaue vnto Dauid in the marriage Mawd the daughter and heire of Uoldosius earle of Huntingdon Northumberland And herein their euasion appeareth by which they allege that their kings homages were made for the earledome of Huntingdon For this Dauid was the first that of their kings was earle of Huntingdon which was since all the homages of their kings before recited and at the time of this mariage long after the said Alexander his brother was king of Scots doing the homage aforesaid to Henrie Beauclerke son to the aforesaid ladie of whome I find this epitaph worthie to be remembred Ortu magna viro maior sed maxima partu Hic iacet Henrici filia sponsa parens In the yeere of our Lord 1136 and first yeere of the reigne of king Stephan the said Dauid king of Scots being required to doo his homage refused it for so much as he had doone homage to Mawd the empresse before time notwithstanding the sonne of the said Dauid did homage to king Stephan Henrie called Fitz empresse the sonne of Mawd the empresse daughter of Mawd daughter of Malcolme king of Scots was next king of England He receiued homage for Scotland of Malcolme sonne of Henrie sonne of the said Dauid their last king Which Malcolme after this homage attended vpon the same king Henrie in his warres against Lewis then king of France Whereby appeareth that their French league was neuer renewed after the last diuision of their countrie by Osbright king of England But after these warres finished with the French king this Malcolme being againe in Scotland rebelled wherevpon king Henrie immediatlie seized Huntingdon and Northumberland into his owne hands by confiscation and made warres vpon him in Scotland during which the same Malcolme died without issue of his bodie William brother of this Malcolme was next king of Scots he with all the nobles of

being nine yeares of age was by the lawes of Edgar in ward to king Henrie the third by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke and there deliuered vnto him During whose minoritie king Henrie gouerned Scotland and to subdue a commotion in this realme vsed the aid of fiue thousand Scotishmen But king Henrie died during the nonage of this Alexander whereby he receiued not his homage which by reason and law was respited vntill his full age of one and twentie yeares Edward the first after the conquest sonne of this Henrie was next king of England immediatlie after whose coronation Alexander king of Scots being then of full age did homage to him for Scotland at Westminster swearing as all the rest did after this maner I. D. N. king of Scots shall be true and faithfull vnto you lord E. by the grace of God king of England the noble and superior lord of the kingdome of Scotland and vnto you I make my fidelitie for the same kingdome the which I hold and claime to hold of you And I shall beare you my faith and fidelitie of life and lim and worldlie honour against all men faithfullie I shall knowlege and shall doo you seruice due vnto you of the kingdome of Scotland aforesaid as God me so helpe and these holie euangelies This Alexander king of Scots died leauing one onelie daughter called Margaret for his heire who before had maried Hanigo sonne to Magnus king of Norwaie which daughter also shortlie after died leauing one onelie daughter hir heire of the age of two yeares whose custodie and mariage by the lawes of king Edgar and Edward the confessor belonged to Edward the first whervpon the nobles of Scotland were commanded by our king Edward to send into Norwaie to conueie this yoong queene into England to him whome he intended to haue maried to his sonne Edward and so to haue made a perfect vnion long wished for betwéene both realmes Herevpon their nobles at that time considering the same tranquillitie that manie of them haue since refused stood not vpon shifts and delaies of minoritie nor contempt but most gladlie consented and therevpon sent two noble men of Scotland into Norwaie for hir to be brought to this king Edward but she died before their comming thither and therefore they required nothing but to inioie the lawfull liberties that they had quietlie possessed in the last king Alexanders time After the death of this Margaret the Scots were destitute of anie heire to the crowne from this Alexander their last king at which time this Edward descended from the bodie of Mawd daughter of Malcolme sometime king of Scots being then in the greatest broile of his warres with France minded not to take the possession of that kingdome in his owne right but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof the weake title betwéene him Bruse Hastings being by the humble petition of all the realme of Scotland cōmitted to the determination of king Edward wherein by autentike writing they confessed the superioritie of the realme to remaine in king Edward sealed with the seales of foure bishops seuen earles and twelue barons of Scotland and which shortlie after was by the whole assent of the three estates of Scotland in their solemne parlement confessed and enacted accordinglie as most euidentlie dooth appeare The Balioll in this wise made king of Scotland did immediatlie make his homage and fealtie at Newcastell vpon saint Stéeuens daie as did likewise all the lords of Scotland each one setting his hand to the composition in writing to king Edward of England for the kingdome of Scotland but shortlie after defrauding the benigne goodnesse of his superiour he rebelled and did verie much hurt in England Herevpon king Edward inuaded Scotland seized into his hands the greater part of the countrie and tooke all the strengths thereof Whervpon Balioll king of Scots came vnto him to Mauntrosse in Scotland with a white wand in his hand and there resigned the crowne of Scotland with all his right title and interest to the same into the hands of king Edward and thereof made his charter in writing dated and sealed the fourth yeare of his reigne All the nobles and gentlemen of Scotland also repaired to Berwike and did homage and fealtie to king Edward there becomming his subiects For the better assurance of whose oths also king Edward kept all the strengths and holdes of Scotland in his owne hands and herevpon all their lawes processes all iudgements gifts of assises and others passed vnder the name and authoritie of king Edward Leland touching the same rehearsall writeth thereof in this maner In the yeare of our Lord 1295 the same Iohn king of Scots contrarie to his faith and allegiance rebelled against king Edward and came into England and burnt and siue without all modestie and mercie Wherevpon king Edward with a great host went to Newcastell vpon Tine passed the water of Twéed besieged Berwike and got it Also he wan the castell of Dunbar and there were slaine at this brunt 15700 Scots Then he proceeded further and gat the castell of Rokesborow and the castell of Edenborow Striuelin and Gedworth and his people harried all the land In the meane season the said king Iohn of Scots considering that he was not of power to withstand king Edward sent his letters and besought him of treatie and peace which our prince benignlie granted and sent to him againe that he should come to the towre of Brechin and bring thither the great lords of Scotland with him The king of England sent thither Antonie Becke bishop of Durham with his roiall power to conclude the said treatise And there it was agreed that the said Iohn and all the Scots should vtterlie submit themselues to the kings will And to the end the submission should be performed accordinglie the king of Scots laid his sonne in hostage and pledge vnto him There also he made his letters sealed with the common scale of Scotland by the which he knowledging his simplenes and great offense doone to his lord king Edward of England by his full power and frée will yeelded vp all the land of Scotland with all the people and homage of the same Then our king went foorth to sée the mounteins and vnderstanding that all was in quiet and peace he turned to the abbeie of Scone which was of chanons regular where he tooke the stone called the Regall of Scotland vpon which the kings of that nation were woont to sit at the time of their coronations for a throne sent it to the abbeie of Westminster commanding to make a chaire therof for the priests that should sing masse at the high altar which chaire was made and standeth yet there at this daie to be séene In the yeare of our Lord 1296 the king held his parlement at Berwike and there he tooke homage singularlie of diuerse of the lords nobles of Scotland And for a perpetuall memorie of the same they

by Edward Balioll wherof our chronicles doo report that in the yéere of our Lord 1326 Edward the third king of England was crowned at Westminster and in the fift yeare of his reigne Edward Balioll right heire to the kingdome of Scotland came in and claimed it as due to him Sundrie lords and gentlemen also which had title to diuerse lands there either by themselues or by their wiues did the like Wherevpon the said Balioll and they went into Scotland by sea and landing at Kinghorns with 3000 Englishmen discomfited 10000 Scots and flue 1200 and then went foorth to Dunfermeline where the Scots assembled against them with 40000 men and in the feast of saint Laurence at a place called Gastmore or otherwise Gladmore were slaine fiue earls thirtéene barons a hundred and thrée score knights two thousand men of armes and manie other in all fortie thousand and there were staine on the English part but thirtéene persons onelie if the number be not corrupted In the eight yeare of the reigne of king Edward he assembled a great hoast and came to Berwike vpon Twéed and laid siege therto To him also came Edward Balioll king of Scots with a great power to strengthen aid him against the Scots who came out of Scotland in foure batels well armed araied Edward king of England and Edward king of Scots apparrelled their people either of them in foure battels and vpon Halidon hill beside Berwike met these two hoasts and there were discomfited of the Scots fiue and twentie thousand and seauen hundred whereof were slaine eight earles a thousand and thrée hundred knights and gentlemen This victorie doone the king returned to Berwike then the towne with the castell were yéelded vp vnto him In the eight yeare of the reigne of king Edward of England Edward Balioll king of Scots came to Newcastell vpon Tine and did homage for all the realme of Scotland In the yeare of our Lord 1346 Dauid Bruse by the prouocation of the king of France rebelled and came into England with a great hoast vnto Neuils crosse but the archbishop of Yorke with diuerse temporall men fought with him and the said king of Scots was taken and William earle of Duglas with Morrise earle of Strathorne were brought to London and manie other lords slaine which with Dauid did homage to Edward king of England And in the thirtith yeare of the kings reigne and the yeare of our Lord 1355 the Scots woone the towne of Berwicke but not the castell Herevpon the king came thither with a great hoast and anon the towne was yéelded vp without anie resistance Edward Balioll considering that God did so manie maruellous and gratious things for king Edward at his owne will gaue vp the crowne and the realme of Scotland to king Edward of England at Rokesborough by his letters patents And anon after the king of England in presence of all his lords spirituall and temporall let crowne himselfe king there of the realme of Scotland ordeined all things to his intent and so came ouer into England Richard the sonne of Edward called the Blacke prince sonne of this king Edward was next king of England who for that the said Iane the wife of the said king Dauid of Scotland was deceassed without issue and being informed how the Scots deuised to their vttermost power to breake the limitation of this inheritance touching the crowne of Scotland made foorthwith war against them wherein he burnt Edenbrough spoiled all their countrie tooke all their holds held continuallie war against them vntill his death which was Anno Dom. 1389. Henrie the fourth of that name was next king of England he continued these warres begun against them by king Richard and ceassed not vntill Robert king of Scots the third of that name resigned his crowne by appointment of this king Henrie and deliuered his sonne Iames being then of the age of nine yeares into his hands to remaine at his custodie wardship and disposition as of his superiour lord according to the old lawes of king Edward the confessor All this was doone Anno Dom. 1404 which was within fiue yeares after the death of king Richard This Henrie the fourth reigned in this estate ouer them fouretéene yeares Henrie the fift of that name sonne to this king Henrie the fourth was next king of England He made warres against the French king in all which this Iames then king of Scots attended vpon him as vpon his superiour lord with a conuenient number of Scots notwithstanding their league with France But this Henrie reigned but nine yeares whereby the homage of this Iames their king hauing not fullie accomplished the age of one twentie yeares was by reason and law respited Finallie the said Iames with diuerse other lords attended vpon the corps of the said Henrie vnto Westminster as to his dutie apperteined Henrie the sixt the sonne of this Henrie the fift was next king of England to whome the seigniorie of Scotland custodie of this Iames by right law and reason descended married the same Iames king of Scots to Iane daughter of Iohn earle of Summerset at saint Marie ouer Ise in Southwarke and tooke for the value of this mariage the summe of one hundred thousand markes starling This Iames king of Scots at his full age did homage to the same king Henrie the sixt for the kingdome of Scotland at Windsore in the moneth of Ianuarie Since which time vntill the daies of king Henrie the seuenth grandfather to our souereigne ladie that now is albeit this realme hath béene molested with diuersitie of titles in which vnmeet time neither law nor reason admit prescription to the preiudice of anie right yet did king Edward the fourth next king of England by preparation of war against the Scots in the latter end of his reigne sufficientlie by all lawes induce to the continuance of his claime to the same superioritie ouer them After whose death vnto the beginning of the reigne of our souereigne lord king Henrie the eight excéeded not the number of seauen and twentie yeares about which time the impediment of our claime of the Scots part chanced by the nonage of Iames their last king which so continued the space of one and twentie yeares And like as his minoritie was by all law and reason an impediment to himselfe to make homage so was the same by like reason an impediment to the king of this realme to demand anie so that the whole time of intermission of our claime in the time of the said king Henrie the eight is deduced vnto the number of thirteene yeares And thus much for this matter Of the wall sometime builded for a partition betweene England and the Picts and Scots Chap. 23. HAuing hitherto discoursed vpon the title of the kings of England vnto the Scotish kingdome I haue now thought good to adde here vnto the description of two walles that were in times past limits vnto both the said regions and therefore to

liberum affectans animum Voluntati sacrarum intendo scripturarum vos dissonantiam facitis verendúmque est nè aratrum sanctae ecclesiae quod in Anglia duo boues validi pari fortitudine ad bonum certantes id est rex archiepiscopus debeant trahere nunc oue vetula cum tauro indomito iugata distorqueatur à recto Ego ouis vetula qui siquietus essem verbi Dei lacte operimento lanae aliquibus possem fortassis non ingratus esse sed sime cum hoc tauro coniungitis videbitis pro disparilitate trahentium aratrum non rectè procedere c. Which is in English thus Of secular affaires I haue no skill bicause I will not know them for I euen abhor the troubles that rise about them as one that desireth to haue his mind at libertie I applie my whole indeuor to the rule of the scriptures you lead me to the contrarie And it is to be feared least the plough of holie church which two strong oxen to equall force and both like earnest to contend vnto that which is good that is the king and the archbishop ought to draw should thereby now swarue from the right forrow by matching of an old shéepe with a wild vntamed bull I am that old shéepe who if I might be quiet could peraduenture shew my selfe not altogither vngratfull to some by féeding them with the milke of the word of God and couering them with wooll but if you match me with this bull you shall sée that thorough want of equalitie in draught the plough will not go to right c as foloweth in the processe of his letters The said Thomas Becket was so proud that he wrote to king Henrie the second as to his lord to his king and to his sonne offering him his counsell his reuerence and due correction c. Others in like sort haue protested that they owght nothing to the kings of this land but their counsell onelie reseruing all obedience vnto the sée of Rome And as the old cocke of Canturburie did crew in this behalfe so the yoong cockerels of other sees did imitate his demeanor as may be séene by this one example also in king Stephans time worthie to be remembred vnto whome the bishop of London would not so much as sweare to be true subiect wherein also he was mainteined by the pope as appeareth by these letters Eugenius episcopus seruus seruorum Dei dilecto in Christo filio Stephano illustri regi Anglorū salutē apostolic ā benedictionē Adhaec superna prouidētia in ecclesiapontifices ordinauit vt Christianus populus ab eis pascua vitae reciperet tam principes seculares quàm inferioris conditionis homines ipsis pontificibus tanquam Christi vicarijs reuerentiam exhiberent Venerabilis siquidem frater noster Robertus London episcopus tanquam vir sapiens honestus relligionis amator à nobilitate tua benignè tractandus est pro collata à Deo prudentia propensiùs honorandus Quia ergò sicut in veritate comperimus cum animae suae salute ac snae ordinis periculo fidelitate quae ab eo requiritur astringi non potest volumus ex paterno tibi affectu consulimus quatenus praedictum fratrem nostrum super hoc nullatenus inquietes immò pro beati Petri nostra reuerentia eum in amorem gratiam tuam recipias Cùm autem illud iuramentum praestare non possit sufficiat discretioni tuae vt simplici veraci verbo promittat quòd laesionem tibi velterrae tuae non inferat Vale. Dat. Meldis 6. cal Iulij Thus we sée that kings were to rule no further than it pleased the pope to like of neither to chalenge more obedience of their subiects than stood also with their good will and pleasure He wrote in like sort vnto quéene Mawd about the same matter making hir Samsons calfe the better to bring his purpose to passe as appeareth by the same letter here insuing Solomone attestante didicimus quòd mulier sapiens aedificat domum insipiens autem constructam destruet manibus Gaudemus pro te deuotionis studium in Domino collaudamus quoniam sicut relligiosorum relatione accepimus timorem Deiprae oculis habens operibus pietatis intēdis personas ecclesiasticas diligis honoras Vt ergo de bono in melius inspirante Domino proficere valeas nobilitatē tuam in Domino rogamus rogando monemus exhortamur in Domino quatenus bonis initijs exitus meliores iniungas venerabilem fratrem nostrum Robertum London episcopū pro illius reuerentia qui cùm olim diues esset pro nobis pauper fieri voluit attentiùs diligas honores Apud virum tuum dilectum filium nostrum Stephanum in signem regem Anglorum efficere studeas vt monitis hortatu cōsilio tuo ipsum in benignitatem dilectionem suam suscipiat pro beati Petri nostra reuerentia propensiùs habeat commendatum Et quia sicut veritate teste attendimus eum sine salute sui ordinis periculo praefato filio nostro astringi non posse volumus paterno sibi tibi affectu consulimus vt vobis sufficiat veraci simplici verbo promissionē ab eo suscipere quòd laesionem vel detrimentum ei velterrae suae nō inferat Dat. vt supra Is it not strange that a peeuish order of religion deuised by man should breake the expresse law of God who commandeth all men to honour and obeie their kings and princes in whome some part of the power of God is manifest and laid open vnto vs And euen vnto this end the cardinall of Hostia also wrote to the canons of Paules after this maner couertlie incoraging them to stand to their election of the said Robert who was no more willing to giue ouer his new bishoprike than they carefull to offend the king but rather imagined which waie to kéepe it still maugre his displeasure yet not to sweare obedience vnto him for all that he should be able to do or performe vnto the contrarie Humilis Dei gratia Hostiensis episcopus Londinensis ecclesiae canoniois spiritū consilij in Domino Sicut rationi contraria prorsus est abijcienda petitio ita in hijs quae iustè desyderantur effectum negare omninò non conuenit Sanè nuper accepimus quòd Londinensis ecclesia diuproprio destituta pastore communi voto pari assensu cleri populi venerabilem filium nostrum Robertum eiusdem ecclesiae archidiaconum in pastorem episcopum animarum suarum susceperit elegerit Nouimus quidem eum esse personam quam sapientia desuper ei attributa honestas conuersationis morum reuerentia plurimùm commēdabilem reddidit Inde est quòd fraternitati vestrae mandando consulimus vt proposito vestro bono quod vt credimus ex Deo est vt ex literis

and called after their names as lord Henrie or lord Edward with the addition of the word Grace properlie assigned to the king and prince and now also by custome conueied to dukes archbishops and as some saie to marquesses and their wiues The title of duke commeth also of the Latine word Dux à ducendo bicause of his valor and power ouer the armie in times past a name of office due to the emperour consull or chéefe gouernour of the whole armie in the Romane warres but now a name of honor although perished in England whose ground will not long beare one duke at once but if there were manie as in time past or as there be now earles I doo not thinke but that they would florish and prosper well inough In old time he onelie was called marquesse Qui habuit terram limitaneam a marching prouince vpon the enimies countries and thereby bound to kéepe and defend the frontiers But that also is changed in common vse and reputed for a name of great honor next vnto the duke euen ouer counties and sometimes small cities as the prince is pleased to bestow it The name of earle likewise was among the Romans a name of office who had Comites sacri palatij comites aerarij comites stabuli comites patrimonij largitionum scholarum commerciorum and such like But at the first they were called Comites which were ioined in commission with the proconsull legate or iudges for counsell and aids sake in each of those seuerall charges As Cicero epistola ad Quintum fratrem remembreth where he saith Atque inter hos quos tibi comites adiutores negotiorum publicorum dedit ipsa respublica duntaxat finibus his praestabis quos ante praescripsi c. After this I read also that euerie president in his charge was called Comes but our English Saxons vsed the word Hertoch and earle for Comes and indifferentlie as I gesse sith the name of duke was not in vse before the conquest Goropius saith that Comes and Graue is all one to wit the viscont called either Procomes or Vicecomes and in time past gouerned in the countie vnder the earle but now without anie such seruice or office it is also become a name of dignitie next after the earle and in degrée before the baron His reléefe also by the great charter is one hundred pounds as that of a baronie a hundred marks and of a knight flue at the most for euerie fée The baron whose degrée answered to the dignitie of a senator in Rome is such a frée lord as hath a lordship or baronie whereof he beareth his name hath diuerse knights or fréeholders holding of him who with him did serue the king in his wars and held their tenures in Baronia that is for performance of such seruice These Bracton a learned writer of the lawes of England in king Henrie the thirds time tearmeth Barones quasi robur belli The word Baro indéed is older than that it may easilie be found from whence it came for euen in the oldest histories both of the Germans and Frenchmen written since the conquest we read of barons and those are at this daie called among the Germans Liberi vel Ingenui or Freihers in the Germane toong as some men doo coniecture or as one saith the citizens and burgesses of good townes and cities were called Barones Neuerthelesse by diligent inquisition it is imagined if not absolutelie found that the word Baro and Filius in the old Scithian or Germane language are all one so that the kings children are properlie called Barones from whome also it was first translated to their kindred and then to the nobilitie and officers of greatest honour indifferentlie That Baro and Filius signifieth one thing it yet remaineth to be séene although with some corruption for to this daie euen the common sort doo call their male children barnes here in England especiallie in the north countrie where that word is yet accustomablie in vse And it is also growne into a prouerbe in the south when anie man susteineth a great hinderance to saie I am beggered and all my barnes In the Hebrue toong as some affirme it signifieth Filij solis and what are the nobilitie in euerie kingdome but Filij or serui regum But this is farre fetched wherefore I conclude that from hensefoorth the originall of the word Baro shall not be anie more to seeke and the first time that euer I red thereof in anie English historie is in the reigne of Canutus who called his nobilitie and head officers to a councell holden at Cirnecester by that name 1030 as I haue else-where remembred Howbeit the word Baro dooth not alwaies signifie or is attributed to a noble man by birth or creation for now and then it is a title giuen vnto one or other with his office as the chéefe or high tribune of the excheker is of custome called lord chéefe baron who is as it were the great or principall receiuer of accounts next vnto the lord treasuror as they are vnder him are called Tribuni aerarij rationales Hervnto I may ad so much of the word lord which is an addition going not seldome and in like sort with sundrie offices and to continue so long as he or they doo execute the same and no longer Unto this place I also referre our bishops who are accounted honourable called lords and hold the same roome in the parlement house with the barons albeit for honour sake the right hand of the prince is giuen vnto them and whose countenances in time past were much more glorious than at this present it is bicause those lustie prelats sought after earthlie estimation and authoritie with farre more diligence than after the lost shéepe of Christ of which they had small regard as men being otherwise occupied and void of leisure to attend vpon the same Howbeit in these daies their estate remaineth no lesse reuerend than before and the more vertuous they are that be of this calling the better are they estéemed with high and low They reteine also the ancient name lord still although it be not a littie impugned by such as loue either to heare of change of all things or can abide no superiours For notwithstanding it be true that in respect of function the office of the eldership is equallie distributed betwéene the bishop and the minister yet for ciuill gouernements sake the first haue more authoritie giuen vnto them by kings and princes to the end that the rest maie thereby be with more ease reteined within a limited compasse of vniformitie than otherwise they would be if ech one were suffered to walke in his owne course This also is more to be maruelled at that verie manie call for an alteration of their estate crieng to haue the word lord abolished their ciuill authoritie taken from them and the present condition of the church in other things reformed whereas to saie trulie

was first vsed that in fine they gaue it ouer and suffered their whole inuentions to perish and decaie till Edward the third deuised an other order not so much pestered with multitude of knights as the round table but much more honorable for princelie port and countenance as shall appeare hereafter The order of the garter therefore was deuised in the time of king Edward the third and as some write vpon this occasion The quéenes maiestie then liuing being departed from his presence the next waie toward hir lodging he following soone after happened to find hir garter which slacked by chance and so fell from hir leg vnespied in the throng by such as attended vpon hir His groomes gentlemen also passed by it disdaining to stoope and take vp such a trifle but he knowing the owner commanded one of them to staie and reach it vp to him Why and like your grace saieth a gentleman it is but some womans garter that hath fallen from hir as she followed the quéenes maiestie What soeuer it be quoth the king take it vp and giue it me So when he had receiued the garter he said to such as stood about him You my maisters doo make small account of this blue garter here and therewith held it out but if God lend me life for a few moneths I will make the proudest of you all to reuerence the like And euen vpon this slender occasion he gaue himselfe to the deuising of this order Certes I haue not read of anie thing that hauing had so simple a beginning hath growne in the end to so great honour and estimation But to proceed After he had studied awhile about the performance of his deuise and had set downe such orders as he himselfe inuented concerning the same he proclamed a roiall feast to be holden at Windsore whither all his nobilitie resorted with their ladies where he published his institution and foorthwith inuested an appon●●●d number into the afore said fellowship whose names insue himselfe being the souereigne and principall of that companie Next vnto himselfe also he placed Edward prince of Wales Henrie duke of Lancaster N. earle of Warw. N. capt de Bouche N. earle of Stafford N. earle of Sarum N. lord Mortimer Sir Iohn Lisle Sir Bartholomew Burwash N. sonne of sir Iohn Beauchamp Sir N. de Mahun S. Hugh Courtneie S. Thomas Holland Sir Iohn Graie Sir Rich. Fitzsimon Sir Miles Stapleton Sir Thomas Wale Sir Hugh Wrotesley Sir Neale Lording Sir Iohn Chandos S. Iames Dawdleie Sir Otho Holland Sir Henrie Eme. Sir Sanchet Dambricourt Sir Walter Pannell aliàs Paganell What order of election and what estatutes were prescribed vnto the elected at this first institution as yet I can not exactlie vnderstand neither can I learne what euerie prince afterward added therevnto before the six and thirtith yeare of king Henrie the eight and third of king Edward the sixt wherefore of necessitie I must resort vnto the estate of the said order as it is at this present which I will set downe so brieflie as I may When anie man therefore is to be elected vpon a roome found void for his admission into this fellowship the king directeth his letters vnto him notwithstanding that he before hand be nominated to the same to this effect Right trustie and welbeloued we gréete you well asserteining you that in consideration aswell of your approoued truth and fidelitie as also of your couragious and valiant acts of knighthood with other your probable merits knowne by experience in sundrie parties and behalfes we with the companions of the noble order of the Garter assembled at the election holden this daie within our manour of N. haue elected and chosen you amongst other to be one of the companions of the said Order as your deserts doo condignelie require Wherefore we will that with conuenient diligence vpon the sight herof you repaire vnto our presence there to receiue such things as to the said order apperteineth Dated vnder our signet at our maner of N. c. These letters are the exemplification of certeine which as it should séeme were written An. 3. Edwardi fexti at Gréenewich Aprilis 24 vnto the earle of Huntingdon the lord George Cobham your lordships honorable father at such time as they were called vnto the aforesaid companie I find also these names subscribed vnto the same Edward duke of Summerset vncle to the king The marq. of Northhampton Earle of Arundell L. Chamberleine Earle of Shrewesburie L. Russell lord priuie seale L. S. Iohn lord great master Sir Iohn Gage S. Anthonie Wingfield Sir William Paget Being elected preparation is made for his installing at Windsore the place appointed alwaies for this purpose whereat it is required that his banner be set vp of two yardes and a quarter in length and thrée quarters in bredth besid●●●he fringe Secondlie his sword of whatsoeuer length him séemeth good Thirdlie his helme which from the charnell vpwards ought to be of thrée inches at the least Fourthlie the crest with mantels to the helme belonging of such conuenient stuffe and bignesse as it shall please him to appoint Item a plate of armes at the backe of his sta●● and crest with mantels and beasts supportant to be grauen in the mettall Item lodging scutcheons of his armes inuironned with a garter and painted in paper or cloth of buckram which when he trauelleth by the waie are to be fixed in the common Ins where he dooth lodge as a testimonie of his presence and states from time to time as he did trauell Item two mantels one to remaine in the college at Windsore the other to vse at his pleasure with the scutcheon of the armes of S. George in the garter with laces tasselets and knops of blue silke and gold belonging to the same Item a surcote or gowne of red or crimosine veluet with a whood of the same lined with white sarcenet or damaske Item a collar of the garter of thirtie ounces of gold Troie weight Item a tablet of S. George richlie garnished with precious stones or otherwise Item a garter for his left leg hauing the buckle and pendant garnished with gold Item a booke of the statutes of the said order Item a scutcheon of the armes of S. George in the garter to set vpon the mantell And this furniture is to be prouided against his installation When anie knight is to be installed he hath with his former letters a garter sent vnto him and when he commeth to be installed he is brought into the chapter house where incontinentlie his commission is read before the souereigne or his deputie and the assemblie present from hence he is lead by two knights of the said order accompanied with the other of the nobilitie and officers towards the chappell hauing his mantell borne before him either by a knight of the order or else the king at armes to whome it secondarilie apperteineth to beare it This mantell shall be deliuered

shall not néed to remember ought héere that is there touched I will onelie speake of other things therefore concerning the estate of assemblie whereby the magnificence thereof shall be in some part better knowne vnto such as shall come after vs. This house hath the most high and absolute power of the realme for thereby kings and mightie princes haue from time to time béene deposed from their thrones lawes either enacted or abrogated offendors of all sorts punished and corrupted religion either dissanulled or reformed which commonlie is diuided into two houses or parts the higher or vpper house consisting of the nobilitie including all euen vnto the baron and bishop the lower called the nether house of knights squires gentlemen and burgesses of the commons with whome also the inferior members of the cleargie are ioined albeit they sit in diuerse places and these haue to deale onelie in matters of religion till it come that they ioine with the rest in confirmation of all such acts as are to passe in the same For without the consent of the thr●e estates that is of the nobilitie cleargie and laietie sildome anie thing is said to be concluded vpon and brought vnto the prince for his consent and allowance To be short whatsoeuer the people of Rome did in their Centuriatis or Tribunitijs comitijs the same is and may be doone by authoritie of our parlement house which is the head and bodie of all the realme and the place wherein euerie particular person is intended to be present if not by himselfe yet by his aduocate or atturneie For this cause also any thing ther enacted is not to be misliked but obeied of all men without contradiction or grudge By the space of fortie dais before this assemblie be begun the prince sendeth his writs vnto all his nobilitie particularlie summoning them to appeare at the said court The like he doth to the shiriffe of euerie countie with commandement to choose two knights within ech of their counties to giue their aduise in the name of the shire likewise to euerie citie and towne that they may choose their burgesses which commonlie are men best skilled in the state of their citie or towne either for the declaration of such benefits as they want or to shew which waie to reforme such enormities as thorough the practises of ill members are practised and crept in among them the first being chosen by the gentlemen of the shire the other by the citizens and burgesses of euerie citie and towne whereby that court is furnished The first daie of the parlement being come the lords of the vpper house as well ecclesiasticall as temporall doo attend vpon the prince who rideth thither in person as it were to open the doore of their authoritie and being come into the place after praiers made and causes shewed wherefore some not present are inforced to be absent each man taketh his place according to his degrée The house it selfe is curiouslie furnished with tapisterie and the king being set in his throne the spirituall lords take vp the side of the house which is on the right hand of the prince and the temporall lords the left I meane so well dukes and earles as viscounts and barons as I before remembred In the middest and a pretie distance from the prince lie certeine sackes stuffed with wooll or haire wheron the iudges of the realme the master of the rols and secretaries of estate doo sit Howbeit these iudges haue no voice in the house but onelie shew what their opinion is of such such matters as come in question among the lords if they be commanded so to doo as the secretaries are to answer such letters or things passed in the councell whereof they haue the custodie knowledge Finallie the consent of this house is giuen by each man seuerallie first for himselfe being present then seuerallie for so manie as he hath letters proxies directed vnto him saieng onlie Content or Not content without any further debating Of the number assembled in the lower house I haue alreadie made a generall report in the chapter precedent and their particulars shall follow here at hand These therefore being called ouer by name do choose a speaker who is as it were their mouth and him they present vnto the prince in whom it is either to refuse or admit him by the lord chancellor who in the princes name dooth answer vnto his oration made at his first entrance presentation into the house wherein he declareth the good liking that the king hath conceiued of his choise vnto that office function Being admitted he maketh fiue requests vnto that honorable assemblie first that the house may as in times past inioy hir former liberties and priuileges secondlie that the congregates may frankelie shew their minds vpon such matters as are to come in question thirdlie that if anie of the lower house doo giue anie cause of offense during the continuance of this assemblie that the same may inflict such punishment vpon the partie culpable as to the said assemblie shall be thought conuenient fourthlie if anie doubt should arise among them of the lower house that he in their name might haue frée accesse and recourse vnto his maiestie lords of the higher house to be further instructed and resolued in the same fiftlie and last he craueth pardon for himselfe if in his going to and fro betweene the houses he forget or mistake anie thing requiring that he may returne and be better informed in such things as be did faile in without offense vnto which petitions the lord chancellor dooth answer as apperteineth and this is doone on the first daie or peraduenture the second if it could not be conuenientlie performed in the first Beside the lord chancellor there is another in the vpper house called the clerke of the parlement whose office is to read the billes For euerie thing that commeth in consultation in either house is first put in writing in paper which being read he that listeth riseth vp and speaketh either with it or against it and so one after another so long as they shall thinke good that doone they go to another and so to the third c the instrument still wholie or in part raced or reformed as cause moueth for the amendment of the same if the substance be reputed necessarie In the vpper house the lord chancellor demandeth if they will haue it ingrossed that is to saie put in parchment which doone it is read the third time after debating of the matter to and fro if the more part doo conclude withall vpon the vtterance of these words Are ye contended that it be enacted or no the clerke writeth vnderneath So it baille aux commons and so when they sée time they send such billes approued to the commons by some of them that sit on the wooll sackes who comming into the house demanding licence to speake doo vse

court sith my calling is and hath béene such as that I haue scarselie presumed to peepe in at hir gates much lesse then haue I aduentured to search out and know the estate of those houses and what magnificent behauiour is to be séene within them Yet thus much will I saie generallie of all the houses and honours perteining to hir maiestie that they are builded either of square stone or bricke or else of both And thervnto although their capacitie and hugenesse be not so monstrous as the like of diuerse forren princes are to be seene in the maine and new found nations of the world yet are they so curious neat and commodious as any of them both for conueiance of offices and lodgings and excellencie of situation which is not the least thing to be considered of in building Those that were builded before the time of king Henrie the eight reteine to these daies the shew and image of the ancient kind of workemanship vsed in this land but such as he erected after his owne deuise for he was nothing inferiour in this trade to Adrian the emperour and Iustiman the lawgiuer doo represent another maner of paterne which as they are supposed to excell all the rest that he found standing in this realme so they are and shall be a perpetuall president vnto those that doo come after to follow in their workes and buildings of importance Certes masonrie did neuer better flourish in England than in his time And albeit that in these daies there be manie goodlie houses erected in the sundrie quarters of this Iland yet they are rather curious to the eie like paper worke than substantiall for continuance whereas such as he did set vp excell in both and therefore may iustlie be preferred farre aboue all the rest The names of those which come now to my remembrance and are as yet reserued to hir maiesties onelie vse at pleasure are these for of such as are giuen awaie I speake not neither of those that are vtterlie decaied as Bainards castell in London builded in the daies of the Conquerour by a noble man called William Bainard whose wife Inga builded the priorie of litle Donemow in the daies of Henrie the first neither of the tower roiall there also c sith I sée no cause wherefore I should remember them and manie of the like of whose verie ruines I haue no certeine knowledge Of such I saie therfore as I erst mentioned we haue first of all White hall at the west end of London which is taken for the most large principall of all the rest was first a lodging of the archbishops of Yorke then pulled downe begun by cardinall Woolseie and finallie inlarged and finished by king Henrie the eight By east of this standeth Durham place sometime belonging to the bishops of Durham but conuerted also by king Henrie the eight into a palace roiall lodging for the prince Of Summerset place I speake not yet if the first beginner thereof I meane the lord Edward the learned and godlie duke of Summerset had liued I doubt not but it should haue beene well finished and brought to a sumptuous end but as vntimelie death tooke him from that house from vs all so it prooued the staie of such proceeding as was intended about it Wherby it commeth to passe that it standeth as he left it Neither will I remember the Tower of London which is rather an armorie and house of munition and therevnto a place for the safekéeping of offendors than a palace roiall for a king or quéene to soiourne in Yet in times past I find that Belline held his aboad there and therevnto extended the site of his palace in such wise that it stretched ouer the Broken wharfe and came further into the citie in so much that it approched néere to Bellines gate as it is thought some of the ruines of his house are yet extant howbeit patched vp and made warehouses in that tract of ground in our times S. Iames sometime a nonrie was builded also by the same prince Hir grace hath also Oteland Ashridge Hatfield Hauering Enuéeld Eltham Langleie Richmond builded by Henrie the fift Hampton court begun sometime by cardinall Woolseie and finished by hir father and therevnto Woodstocke erected by king Henrie the first in which the quéenes maiestie delighteth greatlie to soiourne notwithstanding that in time past it was the place of a parcell of hir captiuitie when it pleased God to trie hir by affliction and calamitie For strength Windlesor or Winsor is supposed to be the chéefe a castell builded in time past by king Arthur or before him by Aruiragus as it is thought and repared by Edward the third who erected also a notable college there After him diuerse of his successours haue bestowed exceeding charges vpon the same which notwithstanding are farre surmounted by the quéenes maiestie now liuing who hath appointed huge summes of monie to be emploied vpon the ornature and alteration of the mould according to the forme of building vsed in our daies which is more for pleasure than for either profit or safegard Such also hath béene the estimation of this place that diuerse kings haue not onelie béene interred there but also made it the chiefe house of assemblie and creation of the knights of the honorable order of the garter than the which there is nothing in this land more magnificent and statelie Greenewich was first builded by Humfreie duke of Glocester vpon the Thames side foure miles east from London in the time of Henrie the sixt and called Pleasance Afterwards it was greatlie inlarged by king Edw. 4. garnished by king Hen. 7. and finallie made perfect by king Hen. 8. the onelie Phenix of his time for fine and curious masonrie Not farre from this is Dartford and not much distant also from the southside of the said streame somtime a nonnerie builded by Edward the third but now a verie commodious palace wherevnto it was also conuerted by K. Henrie the eight Eltham as I take it was builded by king Henrie the third if not before There are beside these moreouer diuerse other But what shall I néed to take vpon me to repeat all and tell what houses the queenes maiestie hath sith all is hirs and when it pleaseth hir in the summer season to recreat hir selfe abroad and view the estate of the countrie and heare the complaints of hir poore commons iniuried by hir vniust officers or their substitutes euerie noble mans house is hir palace where shée continueth during pleasure and till shee returne againe to some of hir owne in which she remaineth so long as pleaseth hir The court of England which necessarilie is holden alwaies where the prince lieth is in these daies one of the most renowmed and magnificent courts that are to be found in Europe For whether you regard the rich and infinit furniture of household order of officers or the interteinement of

offer such wrong vnto his lord and superiour wherein he had a further meaning But if king Henrie the seauenth had liued in our time what would he haue doone to one English mastiffe which alone and without anie helpe at all pulled downe first an huge beare then a pard and last of all a lion each after other before the French king in one daie when the lord Buckhurst was ambassador vnto him and whereof if I should write the circumstances that is how he tooke his aduantage being let lose vnto them and finallie draue them into such excéeding feare that they were all glad to run awaie when he was taken from them I should take much paines and yet reape but small credit wherefore it shall suffice to haue said thus much thereof Some of our mastiffes will rage onelie in the night some are to be tied vp both daie and night Such also as are suffered to go lose about the house and yard are so gentle in the daie time that children may ride on their backs plaie with them at their pleasures Diuerse of them likewise are of such gelousie ouer their maister and whosoeuer of his houshold that if a stranger doo imbrace or touch anie of them they will fall fiercelie vpon them vnto their extreame mischéefe if their furie be not preuented Such an one was the dog of Nichomedes king sometime of Bithinia who séeing Consigne the quéene to imbrace and kisse hir husband as they walked togither in a garden did teare hir all to peeces mauger his resistance and the present aid of such as attended on them Some of them moreouer will suffer a stranger to come in and walke about the house or yard where him listeth without giuing ouer to follow him but if he put foorth his hand to touch anie thing then will they flie vpon him and kill him if they may I had one my selfe once which would not suffer anie man to bring in his weapon further than my gate neither those that were of my house to be touched in his presence Or if I had beaten anie of my children he would gentlie haue assaied to catch the rod in his teeth and take it out of my hand or else pluck downe their clothes to saue them from the stripes which in my opinion is not vnworthie to be noted And thus much of our mastiffes creatures of no lesse faith and loue towards their maisters than horsses as may appeare euen by the confidence that Masinissa reposed in them in so much that mistrusting his houshold seruants he made him a gard of dogs which manie a time deliuered him from their treasons and conspiracies euen by thier barking and biting nor of lesse force than the Molossian race brought from Epiro into some countries which the poets feigne to haue originall from the brasen dog that Uulcan made and gaue to Iupiter who also deliuered the same to Europa she to Procris and Procris to Cephalus as Iulius Pollux noteth lib. 5. cap. 5 neither vnequall in carefulnesse to the mastiffe of Alexander Phereus who by his onelie courage and attendance kept his maister long time from slaughter till at the last he was remooued by policie and the tyrant killed sléeping the storie goeth thus The●e the wife of the said Phereus and hir three brethren conspired the death of hir husband who fearing the dog onelie she found the means to allure him from his chamber doore by faire means vnto another house hard by whilest they should execute their purpose Neuerthelesse when they came to the bed where he laie sléeping they waxed faint harted till she did put them in choise either that they should dispatch him at once or else that she hir selfe would wake hir husband and giue him warning of his enimies or at the least wise bring in the dog vpon them which they feared most of all and therefore quicklie dispatched him The last sort of dogs consisteth of the currish kind méet for manie toies of which the whappet or prick-eard curre is one Some men call them warners bicause they are good for nothing else but to barke and giue warning when anie bodie dooth stirre or lie in wait about the house in the night season Certes it is vnpossible to describe these curs in anie order bicause they haue no anie one kind proper vnto themselues but are a confused companie mixt of all the rest The second sort of them are called turne spits whose office is not vnknowne to anie And as these are onelie reserued for this purpose so in manie places our mastiffes beside the vse which tinkers haue of them in carieng their heauie budgets are made to draw water in great whéeles out of déepe wels going much like vnto those which are framed for our turne spits as is to be séene at Roiston where this feat is often practised Besides these also we haue sholts or curs dailie brought out of Iseland and much made of among vs bicause of their sawcinesse and quarrelling Moreouer they bite verie sore and loue candles excéedinglie as doo the men and women of their countrie but I may saie no more of them bicause they are not bred with vs. Yet this will I make report of by the waie for pastimes sake that when a great man of those parts came of late into one of our ships which went thither for fish to see the forme and fashion of the same his wife apparrelled in fine fables abiding on the decke whilest hir husband was vnder the hatches with the mariners espied a pound or two of candles hanging at the mast and being loth to stand there idle alone she fell to and eat them vp euerie one supposing hir selfe to haue béene at a iollie banket and shewing verie plesant gesture when hir husband came vp againe vnto hir The last kind of toiesh curs are named bansers and those being of a mongrell sort also are taught exercised to danse in measure at the musicall sound of an instrument as at the iust stroke of a drum sweet accent of the citharne and pleasant harmonie of the harpe shewing manie trickes by the gesture of their bodies as to stand bolt vpright to lie flat vpon the ground to turne round as a ring holding their tailes in their teeth to saw and beg for meat to take a mans cap from his head and sundrie such properties which they learne of their idle rogish masters whose instruments they are to gather gaine as old apes clothed in motleie and coloured short wasted iackets are for the like vagabunds who séeke no better liuing than that which they may get by fond pastime and idlenesse I might here intreat of other dogs as of those which are bred betwéene a bitch and a woolfe and called Lycisca a thing verie often séene in France saith Franciscus Patricius in his common wealth as procured of set purpose and learned as I thinke of the Indians who tie their fault bitches often in woods that they might be loined by tigers

daies of king Henrie the second about the yeere of our Lord 1191 which was in the last yéere of the reigne of the same Henrie more than six hundred yéeres after the buriall thereof He was laid 16 foot déepe vnder ground for doubt that his enimies the Saxons should haue found him But those that digged the ground there to find his bodie after they had entered about seuen foot déepe into the earth they found a mightie broad stone with a leaden crosse fastened to that part which laid downewards toward the corps conteining this inscription Hîc iacet sepultus inclytus rex Arthurius in insula Aualoniae This inscription was grauen on that side of the crosse which was next to the stone so that till the crosse was taken from the stone it was vnseene His bodie was found not inclosed within a toome of marble or other stone curiouslie wrought but within a great trée made hollowe for the nonce like a trunke the which being found and digged vp was opened and therein were found the kings bones of such maruellous bignesse that the shinbone of his leg being set on the ground reached vp to the middle thigh of a verie tall man as a moonke of that abbeie hath written which did liue in those daies and saw it ¶ But Gyraldus Cambrensis who also liued in those daies and spake with the abbat of the place by whom the bones of this Arthur were then found affirmeth that by report of the same abbat he learned that the shinbone of the said Arthur being set vp by the leg of a verie tall man the which the abbat shewed to the same Gyraldus came about the knée of the same man the length of three fingers breadth which is a great deale more likelie than the other Furthermore the skull of his head was of a woonderfull largenesse so that the space of his forehead betwixt his two eies was a span broad There appéered in his head the signes and prints of ten wounds or more all the which were growne into one wem except onelie that whereof it should séeme he died which being greater than the residue appéered verie plaine Also in opening the toome of his wife quéene Gueneuer that was buried with him they found the tresses of hir haire whole and perfect and finelie platted of colour like to the burnished gold which being touched immediatlie fell to dust The abbat which then was gouernour of the house was named Stephan or Henrie de Blois otherwise de Sullie nephue to king Henrie the second by whose commandement he had serched for the graue of Arthur translated the bones as well of him as of quéene Gueneuer being so found into the great church and there buried them in a faire double toome of marble laieng the bodie of the king at the head of the toome and the bodie of the quéene at his féet towards the west part ¶ The writer of the historie of Cambria now called Wales saith that the bones of the said Arthur and Gueneuer his wife were found in the I le of Aualon that is the I le of Alpes without the abbeie of Glastenbury fiftéene féet within the ground that his graue was found by the meanes of a Bardh whome the king heard at Penbroke singing the acts of prince Arthur and the place of his buriall Iohn Leland in his booke intituled Assertio Arthuri hath for the woorthie memorie of so noble a prince honored him with a learned epitaph as heere followeth SAxonicas toties qui fudit Marte cruento Who vanquisht Saxon troops so oft with battels bloudie broiles Turmas peperit spolijs sibi nomen opimis And purchast to himselfe a name with warlike wealthie spoiles Fulmineo toties Pictos qui contudit ense Who hath with shiuering shining swoord the Picts so oft dismaid Imposuítque iugum Scoti ceruicibus ingens And eke vnweldie seruile yoke on necke of Scots hath laid Qui tumidos Gallos Germanos quíque feroces Who Frenchmen puft with pride and who the Germans fierce in fight Perculit Dacos bello confregit aperto Discomfited and danted Danes with maine and martiall might Denique Mordredum è medio qui sustulit illud Who of that murdring Mordred did the vitall breath expell Monstrum horrendum ingens dirum saeuúm que tyrannum That monster grislie lothsome huge that diresome tyrant fell Hoc iacet extinctus monumento Arthurius alto Heere liuelesse Arthur lies intoomd within this statelie hearse Militiae clarum decus virtutis alumnus Of chiuairie the bright renowme and vertues nursling fearse Gloria nunc cuius terram circumuolat omnem Whose glorie great now ouer all the world dooth compasse flie Aetherijque petit sublimia tecta Tonantis And of the airie thunder skales the loftie building hie Vos igitur gentis proles generosa Britannae Therefore you noble progenie of Britaine line and race Induperatoriter magno assurgite vestro Arise vnto your emperour great of thrice renowmed grace Et tumulo sacro roseas inferte corollas And cast vpon his sacred toome the roseall garlands gaie Officij testes redolentia munera vestri That fragrant smell may witnesse well your duties you displaie ¶ These verses I haue the more willinglie inserted for that I had the same deliuered to me turned into English by maister Nicholas Roscarocke both right aptlie yeelding the sense and also properlie answering the Latine verse for verse Vpon what occasion the graue of king Arthur was sought for the follie of such discouered as beleeued that he should returne and reigne againe as king in Britaine whether it be a fiction or a veritie that there was such an Arthur or no discordance among writers about the place of Gawains buriall and Arthurs death of queene Gueneuer the wife of king Arthur hir beautie and dishonest life great disagreement among writers touching Arthur and his wiues to the impeachment of the historie of his life and death The xiiij Chapter THe occasion that mooued king Henrie the second to cause his nephue the foresaid abbat to search for the graue of king Arthur was for that he vnderstood by a Welsh minstrell or Bardh as they call him that could sing manie histories in the Welsh language of the acts of the ancient Britains that in the forsaid churchyard at Glastenburie betwixt the said two pillers the bodie of Arthur was to be found sixtéene foot déepe vnder the ground Gyraldus Cambrensis affirmeth that the trée in the which Arthurs bodie was found so inclosed was an oke but other suppose that it was an alder trée bicause that in the same place a great number of that kind of trées doo grow and also for that it is not vnknowne that an alder lieng vnder ground where moisture is will long continue without rotting ¶ By the finding thus of the bodie of Arthur buried as before ye haue heard such as hitherto beleeued that he was not dead but conueied awaie by the fairies into some pleasant place