all the Thirds of Ecclesiastical Profits which the Kings Alonso Sancho and Ferdinand had receiv'd without leave till then and gave them to her for three Years longer The Nobility was dissatisfy'd with the Queen Mother and the Princes John and Henry the King's Uncles with D. John Son to Prince Emanuel D. John de Lara D. James de Haro and other great Ones endeavour'd to estrange the King from her To this Effect they call'd the Abbot of Santander who was Chancellor and Treasurer to account for the Revenue because he was preferr'd by the Queen but he being clear'd with Honour that Design fell to the Ground Philip King of France at the beginning of the Year 1303. sent Embassadors to demand those Towns the Navarrois pretended to belong to them but they obtain'd nothing The King of Aragon made Overtures of Peace which were also rejected He offer'd to restore all the Kingdom of Murcia if they would only deliver Alicant to him The Queen lik'd not the Proposal She remov'd D. John de Lara who began to be great with the King and made Prince Henry Lord Steward but he held it not long and these beginnings produc'd Jealousies betwixt the King and his Mother and disorders among the Nobility Prince John and D. John de Lara laying aside their former Grudges had great Power over the King Prince Henry D. John Son to Prince Emanuel and D. James de Haro could not endure to see the Queen Mother slighted for that they ow'd her Obligations This disgust had such Effect that they sent for D. Alonso de la Cerda in order to agree with him Gonzalo Ruiz was sent to Almazan to set this Affair afoot and perswade the Aragonians to march into Castile Whilst these things were in Agitation in Castile Pope Boniface was made Prisoner in the City Agnani by a Party of 300 Horse that broke in upon him being rais'd by the Cardinals of the House of Colonna whom he had depos'd and not without consent of the King of France whom he Excommunicated Three days after the Citizens of Agnani rescu'd him from the Conspirators and he return'd to Rome where he dy'd of a Disease caus'd by Grief conceiv'd for this Affront on the 12th day of October and the 35th after his Imprisonment Nicholas General of the Dominicans was in the next Conclave chosen Pope and took the Name of Benedict the XIth CHAP. IV. The Differences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon reconcil'd After which they joyn in League against the Moors but to no consider able Effect Death of Roger Lauria the great Admiral of Aragon and Divisions among the Moors SPain weary'd out with long Troubles enjoy'd some Peace but there rather wanted Power than Will to disturb it The Differences betwixt the Princes were great and it was requisite to compose them Castile and Aragon were at Variance about the Kingdom of Murcia D. Alonso de la Cerda Itil'd himself King of Castile but had no Power The King of Granada invaded the Territories of the Crown of Aragon and took Bedmar a Town not far from Baeca Prince John the King's Uncle and the Family of Haro were Enemies the former pretending to the Lordship of Biscay in right of his Wife and hoping to prevail by his Interest with the King The Family of Haro for the same reason was Discontented and ready to take up Arms. King Ferdinand earnestly desir'd to put an end to all these Contentions to this purpose he sent Prince John his Uncle Embassador to the King of Aragon whose Power and Authority was then great In the Month of March 1304 at Calatayud after much debate it was agreed that Arbitrators should be chosen to whom the whole Affair should be referr'd and a Truce was concluded till Judgment should be given Time and Place were also appointed for the Kings to meet mean while King Ferdinand being careful for Andaluzia set out from Burges and in April came to Badajoz to meet his Father in Law the King of Portugal of whom he expected to recover certain Towns pawn'd to him during his Minority This enterview produc'd Discontents and nothing was done but only that the Portugues sent his Son in Law some Mony with which he went away for Andaluzia No Action happen'd but a Peace was concluded the Moor promising to pay the same Tribute his Father had done and so both Armies broke up Prince Henry dy'd about this time very Aged at Roa and was bury'd in the Monastery of S. Francis at Valladolid He was ever of a restless Spirit and ambitious of Command His Death was pleasing to all the Kingdom for they fear'd he would disturb the Peace that was afoot and because he left no Issue his Estate was divided among several Noblemen the best part falling to D. John de Lara who held the first Place in the King's Favour In pursuance of the Agreement at Calatayud Denis King of Portugal was chosen Arbitrator to decide the Differences betwixt Castile and Aragon and for his Associates Prince John for the former and D. Ximeno de Luna Bishop of Zaragoça for the latter Kingdom The two Kings met at Torrellas a Town on the Frontiers of Aragon where the Judges decreed that the River Segura should part the Dominions of Castile and Aragon which was what the Aragonian had strugl'd for Judgment was given on the 8th of August and the next day the three Kings met at Campillo and ratify'd the Decree Thence they went to Agreda and so to Taraçona and were receiv'd with great Joy for besides the 3 Kings there were as many Queens the Mother and Consort of Castile and Elizabeth of Portugal famous for Sanctity besides Elizabeth Sister to King Ferdinand who had been Contracted to the Aragonian The Retinue was great especially that of the Portugues who brought with him out of Portugal 1000 Horse and by the Way would never lye in Towns but in Tents set up in the Fields As to the Pretentions of the two Brothers Cerdas the Kings of Aragon and Portugal as Judges decited that D. Alonso should no longer take the Title of King but restore all the Towns he had been and that Alva Bejar Valdecerneja Gibraleon Sarria and some other Towns should be setl'd upon him A small recompence for so many Kingdoms This Judgment was so grievous to D. Alonso that he would not appear but went away heartily cursing the Kings It remain'd only to adjust Matters betwixt Prince John and D. James de Haro Therefore as soon as the Conference was dissolv'd King Ferdinand summon'd D. James to appear at Medina del Campo where the Cortes were to meet Judges were appointed to hear their Pretentions and determine the Cause but D. James fearing the King favour'd his Adversary withdrew After the Cortes broke up Judgment was given in favour of Prince John but the Execution of it deferr'd in hopes some means might be found of adjusting that Matter This was the Posture of
â—own was well providâ—â— strongly fortify'd and had a good Garrison As soon as the Town was invested all 〈◊〉 Country about was laid Waste and presently the Walls began to be batter'd The Siege lasted long notwithstanding the Townsmen abated of their Heat seeing no hope of Sucâ—â—â—r yet the Garison held out resolutely During the Siege the Embassadors sent by the 〈◊〉 of Castile to establish Peace and desire Succours of the King of Aragon return'd to the Camp and with them Bernard de Cabrera a Man of great Parts and therefore brought to the Court by the King of Aragon from his retirement â—nd employ'd in the most important Affairs of the Government He came to the Camp on the â—0th of August and establish'd a League betwixt the two Kings upon these Conditions That Queen Ellenor and her Children shall peaceably enjoy all that was given them by her Husband and their Father That the King of Castile shall not give them any assistance if they raise Commotions in the Kingdom After this the King of Aragon sent 400 Cross-bow-Men and 10 Galleys under the command of Raymund Villano Joanna Queen of Navarre who after the Death of her Husband Philip resided in France at the Town of Conflans seated at the meeting of the Rivers Seyne and Oyse dy'd on the 5th of October and was buried in the Church of St. Denis near her Father King Luis Hutin She was a most virtuous Lady and had a numerous Issue Charles her Son succeeded her at the Age of 17. She had two lesser Sons Philip and Luis he who had the Seignory of Durazzâ— in Dower and these Daughters Joanna Mary Blâ—â—â—h and Agnes who were all marry'd to great Men the first to the Lord of Roanâ— the 2d to the King of Aragon the 3d to Philip de Valois King of France and the last to the Earl of Faux Mossen John de Conflans a Frenchman was now Vicerâ—y of Navarre Let us return to the Siege of Gibraltar The Moors of Granada always laid Ambushes about the Christian Camâ—â—â—nd pick'd up all Straglers The besieg'd made often Sallies and did some Execution But what was worst a violent Plague rag'd in the Army and great Numbers dy'd Most Men and particularly D. John de Lara and D. Ferdinand Manuel who had succeeded his Father in the Lordship of Villena were for raising the Siege These things somwhat mov'd the King â—et his Resolution prevail'd unfortunately to him for the Infection seiz'd him and he dy'd on the 26th of March 1350. This was the first year in which Pope Clement allow'd the Jubilee to be gain'd every 50th year which before was every Century It was also remarkable for the Death of Philip King of France His Son John succeeded him This was the end of King Alonso the XIth of Castile in the 38th year of his Age and 't is thought had he liv'd longer he would have drove the Moors out of Spain He might have been compar'd to the best of Princes had he not â—â—emish'd his Virtâ—es by much Inconstancy His Severity in executing Justice gain'd him the Name of The Vpright Immediately upon his Death the Siege was rais'd His Body was carry'd to Sevil and bury'd in the Royal Chappel In the Reign of his Son Henry he was Translated to Cordova as he had order'd it in his Will D. Giles de Albornoz Archbishop of Toledo was created a Cardinal by Pope Clement on the 18th of December Laurence de Padilla says this was the Cause why he quitted the Archbishoprick for in those Days two such Dignities were incompatible and that D. Gonçalo the IVth succeeded him and govern'd that Church but 3 Years Mighty Troubles and Confusions follow'd in Castile Most Men lay all the blame on the new King and therefore call him The Cruel 〈◊〉 Authors attribute it to the Pride and Ambition of the Nobility who 〈◊〉 the King to make 〈◊〉 â—ere Examples As soon as King Alonso dy'd his lawful Son Peter was proclaim'd King 〈◊〉 the Camp tho he was but 15 years of Age and then at Sevil with his Mother His Age was unfit for Government but his forward Wit promis'd well He was fair of Complexion had an agreeable Face with much Majesty a great Heart for difficult Attempts and would undergo any Labour He lov'd 〈◊〉 king above other Sporst and was rigid in Administring Justice Among these Virtues some Vices began to appear as Pride and Passion in his Youth afterwards he added Avarice and Incontinency These natural Imperfections were increas'd by the ill Government of his Tutor D. John de Albuquerque who gave him his Will in all things and by that means rose to the great Favour he had with him The new King had these Bastard Brothers Henry Earl of Trastamara Frederick Master of Santiago Ferdinand Lord of Ledesina and Tello Lord of Aguilar these the Sons of the Lady Ellenor de Guzman Besides these the Lady Joanna marry'd to Ferdinand and Philip de Castro Sancho John and Peter for another Peter and Sancho dy'd Young These Bastard Brothers had not much Confidence in the King who was wholly govern'd by his Mother Queen Mary The Lady Ellenor de Guzman fâ—â—ring the Queen Dowager set out from the Camp with the dead King's Body but by the way changing her Resolution left it and went to Medina Sidonia a strong Town of her own Here she was some time dubious what to do but at last resolv'd to put her self upon the King's Goodness Having fix'd this Resolution she went away to Sevil her Sons and other great Men of her Kindred went to Algezira and other strong Places The King yielding to his Mother's Passion the Lady Ellenor was cast into Prison Her Son Henry being expell'd Algezira upon a safe Conduct came to the King and hastily concluded a Match with the Lady Joanna Sister to D. Ferdinand Manuel to be 〈◊〉 Condition to oppose the King The King fell so desperately Sick that he was given over by all the Physicians Every one named a Successor according to his Fancy but the King soon recovering this only serv'd to discover the Inclinations of the People D. John de Lara envious of the great Power of D. Alonso de Albuquerque went away for Castile designing to raise a Rebellion which was easy because of his great Possessions in that Country His Designs were prevented by Death which took him away at Burgos on the 28th of November His Body was bury'd in the Monastery of St. Paul of the Dominiâ—ans in that City He left a 〈◊〉 NunÌ„o de Lara but two years Old Almost at the same time dy'd his Brother in Law D. Ferdinand Manuel leaving only a Daughter call'd Blanch. The Death of these two great Men was very pleasing to D. Alonso de Albuquerque who hop'd they being remov'd to be absolute without Controul The King upon the first News set out from Sevil hoping to seize upon their Estates and gave by the way some Signs of his
the Arch-bishop of Toledo who kept him long at Almonaçir three Leagues from that City This done the King and Queen went to Plasencia and thence set out for Portugal The Clergy of Guardia as had been promis'd by the Bishop came out to meet them with Crosses wishing them Joy of their Accession to that Crown The Governour of the Castle held out not knowing what party to take Before the King 's coming he was proclaim'd at Lisbon through the Persuasions of D. Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra and Uncle to the late King Ferdinand Ellenor the Queen Dowager consented to it knowing her self too weak to oppose the Designs of the great Ones Yet the People began to be divided and many Lives were lost The first kill'd was the Count John Fernandez de Andeyro whom the Master of Avis stabb'd in the very Palace The popular Fury stopp'd not here for they Murder'd D. Martin Bishop of Lisbon in the Tower of the Cathedral whither he fled for Sanctuary only because he was a Castilian and seem'd to favour King John The Queen fearing some Outrage with the consent of the Master of Avis withdrew from Lisbon to Santarem Only Passion and Madness seem'd now to Reign The Master of Avis was Handsome Generous Familiar and had many other good Qualities which seem'd to make amends for the Fault in his Birth On the other side King John tho mild unless provok'd was reserv'd and of few Words so that tho some Places submitted to him upon his first coming he gain'd not the Affections of the Portugueses who expect to be familiarly Treated by their Kings At the beginning of the Year 1384 the King went from Guardia to Santarem to visit the Queen Dewager his Mother in Law and consult with her what Method was to be taken With him went 500 Horse a sufficient Number in time of Peace but too small to quell Rebels The Governours of the Kingdom of Toledo ceas'd not to make new Levies and send them towards Fortugal The greatest want was of Mony the Treasury and Country being exhausted with the last Wars They therefore took to the value of 4000 Marks of Silver out of the Treasury of the Church of our Blessed Lady of Guadalupe which the People look'd upon as an ill Omen 〈…〉 War began with Sacriledge Charles Prince of Navarre that he might not be thought ungrateful was gathering a good Body of Men to assist King John The King of Aragon thought it safest to look on In Portugal after much Consultation it was resolv'd the Queen Dowager should resign the Government of the Kingdom to the King her Son in Law This which was look'd upon as the means to appease the People provok'd them the more to Mutiny They hated the Government of Castile and upbraided the Queen with Parjury and breach of Trust yet many of the Nobles who had much to lose were concern'd at these Confusions and favour'd King John These were Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra John Texeda who had been Lord Chancellor D. Peter Pereyra Grand Prior of Portugal who was afterwards Master of Calatrava in Castile and his two Brothers James and Ferdinand with many more Besides these many of the Commonalty especially in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho where one Lope de Leyra born in Galicia was Governour Alonso Pimentel deliver'd up Bragança he being Governour there John Portocarrero and Alonso de Silva did the same by other Places where they Commanded Thus far the pretensions of Castile went on successfully and it was thought the whole Kingdom united could not oppose them much less being divided But their Hopes soon vanish'd D. John Brother to the late King being detain'd Prisoner in Castile the People fixt their Eyes upon the Master of Avis Bastard Son to King Ferdinand He laying hold of the opportunity offer'd to expose himself for his Country Yet the People at that time did no more but name D. John that was Prisoner in Castile their Governour The more to incense the People he was painted upon their Colours in Irons The Command of the Army was given to the Master of Avis They said Queen Ellenor was not lawfully marry'd to the King and therefore Queen Beatvix was a Bastard This was done in Lisbon which had declar'd against Castile and was supported by many of the Nobility particularly by Nun̄o Alvarez Pereyra Son to the Grand Prior tho his Brothers sided with Castile This Gentleman was the Founder of the House of Bragança the most powerful in Portugal Nun̄o Pereyra was sent with a Body of Men to wast are Frontiers of Castile Some Forces sent by King John to oppose him were routed with great Slaughter and much greater Disgrace D. Gonçalo Brother to the Queen Dowager was in Coimbra with a good Garrison Thither King John went with the two Queens believing he would have receiv'd him but was disappointed This was the more grievous to King John for that Peter Earl of Trastamara Son to D. Frederick deserted from him and fled to that City It was suspected that Queen Ellenor weary of favouring Castile knew of his Flight Therefore the King sent her to Tordesillas in Castile with a great Retinue where she afterwards dy'd She lies bury'd at Valladolid in the Cloister of the Mercenarians This done a Council of War was held about besieging Lisbon the Metropolis of the Kingdom whither the principal People were withdrawn with the best of their Goods Opinions vary'd Some were for dividing the Army and securing the Country Others said all would be easy Lisbon once taken This Advice prevail'd and the Army march'd to the Siege By the way they wasted the Country burnt the Villages drove the Cattle and took several Towns They incamp'd and intrench'd themselves before that part of the City where now is the Monastery of All Saints To secure the Sea as well as the Land 13 Galleys and 12 Ships came from Sevil and anchor'd before the City to hinder any Resort of Provisions which soon grew scarce for the Multitude of the Besieg'd was great To remedy this want 16 Galleys and 8 Ships came from Porto which with the help of the Wind and Tide tho they lost 3 Ships supply'd the distress'd City This Relief chang'd the Face of Affairs for Autumn coming on the Army in the Field sicken'd and therefore King John made some Overtures of Peace Peter Fernandez de Velasco for the Castilians and the Master of Avis for the Portugueses were commission'd to Treat The Master of Avis positively affirm'd they would accept of no Conditions unless he were left to govern the Kingdom till such time as Queen Beatrix had a Son of Age to take the Administration upon him This he would not depart from having already conceiv'd some Hopes of obtaining the Crown for himself Sickness dally increas'd and many Men of Note dy'd of the Common sort 200 perish'd in one Day This made the great Men waver and grow weary of that unfortunate War
Yet she acted very indiscreetly in keeping the King as she did till her Death which was for above 6 Years lock'd up at Valladolid in a House near the Monastery of St. Paul without suffering him to go abroad or permitting any Body to visit him but his menial Servants This she did that the Nobility might not seize him and disturb the Peace of the Kingdom A miserable sort of Education for a Prince so that afterwards he knew not the Noblemen that came to visit him The riper Years are for the most part answerable to the Education as appears by this Prince For after the Queen's Death as if he had been kept in a dark Place or were just come from his Mother's Womb he always behav'd himself like an utter stranger to the Affairs of the Government Business perplex'd and troubl'd him This is the reason he was always govern'd by his Courtiers and Favourites which was the cause of great and continual Troubles At the beginning of the following Year which was 1420 the King went to Tordesillas a Town in Old Castile Prince Henry Master of the Order of Santiago either to facilitate his Marriage with the Princess Catherine or to get the upper hand of his Adversaries came to that Town with a party of his followers secur'd John Hurtado de Mendoça Lord Steward of the Houshold and others belonging to the Court and took the King himself not permitting him to go any whither or to dispatch any Business A great disgrace to the Kingdom that the King should be detain'd Prisoner by his own Subjects This Affront mov'd the Nobility to take up Arms. Prince John of Aragon headed them who having spent but four Days in celebrating the Solemnity of his Marriage at Pamplona set out immediately for Castile moved to it by the Report of what had happen'd and the Letters of many that invited him thither At Avila the King of Castile was marry'd without any Magnificence or demonstrations of Joy by reason most of the Nobility were absent and he himself no better than a Prisoner Prince Henry for his own security and to strengthen his Party kept 3000 Horse in that City His Brother Prince John was at Olmedo and had an equal number of Horse canton'd in the neighbouring Towns To him resorted all sorts of People from all Parts of the Country designing to revenge the Affront done to the King and Kingdom It was endeavour'd to have the two Brothers meet but it was prevented nor would they suffer Prince John to speak to the King Prince Henry tho he had all the Power in his own Hands yet to provide for the future contriv'd to have the Cortes meet in that City No body had liberty of Speech or durst utter his Thoughts the Town being full of Souldiers and the place where they met surrounded with armed Men. Thus Prince Henry was by those Cortes clear'd of any thing that might be lay'd to his charge till that time No Man durst oppose this Resolution or mutter in so much that as it were to reward that Exploit by the King's Consent it was obtain'd of Pope Martin the Vth that the Mastership of the Order of Santiago should be setl'd hereditary upon Prince Henry and his Heirs which had prov'd a new Plague to Spain had not the King when he came to riper Years cancell'd that Decree The Princess Catherine openly oppos'd Prince Henry She said plainly she would not have a Husband who aimed by force of Arms to take what he ought to hope for as the reward of his good Service However her weak Resolution was vanquish'd and they were marry'd at Talavera a great Town near Toledo whither the King went from Avila He had with her the Lordship of Villena with the Title of a Duke To Alvaro de Luna the chief of the Courtiers for being instrumental in this Affair was given the Town of Santistevan de Gormaz This was the first step he advanc'd towards the great Preferments and Riches he afterwards acquir'd About this time every day there were Earthquaks and noises under Ground in Catalonia from Tolosa to Perpignan Near Girona was a Town call'd Amer where the Earth gap'd in two Places and cast out Fire that burnt all that came within two Stones throw of them Out of another Mouth near those of Fire gush'd black Water and half a mile from thence mixt with a River which I suppose to be Sameroca so that that Town was destroy'd and all the Fish in the River dy'd The stench of the Water was such that the Birds clapt their Wings as they flew that way and it extended as far as Girona tho at four Leagues distance James de Anaya Arch-bishop of Sevil built the College of St. Bartholomew at Salamanca and endow'd it with Revenues to maintain a good Number of Scholars in imitation of the Colledge built at Bolonia by the Cardinal Giles de Albornoz This good Example was afterwards follow'd by several Persons of Quality who built other Colleges which have brought forth many Men famous for Learning Three other Colleges were built at Salamanca and call'd the Great Ones a fourth at Valladolid a fifth at Alcala and many others of less Note CHAP. VI. Original of the Portugues Discoveries King Alonso of Aragon adopted Heir to the Crown of Naples The King of Castile escapes from his Confinement and suppresses many of the Rebels D. Alvaro de Luna made an Earl NOW it was that the two Nations of the Aragonians and Portugueses made themselves way to obtain new Dominions Henry Son to the King of Portugal being much addicted to the study of Astrology imagin'd unknown Countries and Islands might be discover'd in the vast Ocean To this purpose he fent out several Ships and in the way betwixt Lisbon and the Canaries found a small but fruitful Island so full of Trees that they call'd it Madera that is to say Wood. Thus coasting along Africk this Prince and the Kings of Portugal after him at length came to the Coasts of Asia India and China to their no less Honour than Profit Luis Duke of Anjou had besieg'd Joanna Queen of Naples within that City The cause of making War upon her was the antient hatred he bore to that Crown and the Leudness of the Queen whose Husband no longer able to bear with her returned to France and became a Franciscan Fryar The Queen being reduc'd to great Streights sent to invite Alonso the 5th King of Aragon famous for his Valour and the conquest of Sardinia to her assistance promising to adopt him as her Son and leave him the Kingdom of Naples He sail'd from Sardinia to Naples and rais'd the Siege in recompence of which Service he was adopted Heir to the Crown and the Pope approved of that Act. It is needless to dispute the Legality of that Adoption but certain it is it was the cause of tedious and bloody Wars betwixt Spain and France which have lasted till our Days
Legate of Savoy Castile seem'd to be restor'd to perfect Peace by the Banishment of D. Alvaro de Luna but Ambition the Bane of Kingdoms soon disturb'd it The King was not of Judgment sound enough to govern without the Help and Advice of another This was well known to the Nobility and every one strove to gain his Favour in order to become First Minister of State D. Frederick the Admiral a Bold Man and of a ready Wit stood fairest being particularly recommended to the King by D. Alvaro de Luna at the time of his departure The Princes of Aragon were enrag'd that all their Contrivances fall'd them At Toro the Servants of the several Factions quarrell'd and were like to come to Blows about taking up their Lodgings The King knew not how to pacify the Nobles and therefore by the Advice of D. Alvaro's â—â—ads under colour of Hunting fled to Salamanca at the beginning of the year 1440. After him went the Princes of Aragon the Earls of Benavente Ledesina Haro 〈◊〉 Valencia and InÌ„igo Lopez de Mendoça with 600 Horse resolving to use Violence if oppos'd The King being inform'd of their coming remov'd to Bonilla a Loyal and Strong Town Thence he sent to the Princes of Aragon who under a safe Conduct came first to Salamanca and thence to Avila whither the Mutinous Lords were come designing to secure that City The Archbishop of Seviil who then sighaliz'd his Loyalty was the Chief Man that passed between them but without success Yet the Nobles made use of him to write to the King giving him grave Advice and charging D. Alvaro de Luna He return'd no 〈…〉 They went the Earls of Haro and Benavente to him who prevail'd to have the 〈…〉 at Valladolid Yet those Lords were so far from restoring the Towns they had serz'd and their hands that they secur'd Leon Segovia Zamora Salamanca Valladolid Avila Burgos Placencia and Guadalasara Besides Prince Henry had Toledo deliver'd to him by Peter Lopez de Ayala who was Governour of the Town and Castle for the King At the Cortes which sate at Valladolid in April the first thing consider'd upon was to give satisfaction to D. Alvaro de Luna and bring him back to Court. To this effect Letters were sent to him from that Assembly yet he came not for the present Soon after all the Revolted Cities return'd to their 〈…〉 had particularly Toledo Prince Henry at this time Rebell'd against his Father being 〈…〉 that D. Alvaro should return to Court John Pacheco Son to Alonso Giron Lord of 〈…〉 had the same influence over the Prince that D. Alvaro had over the King and endeavour'd by supplanting D. Alvaro who had preferr'd him to rise to his Grandeur Prince Henry of Castile withdrew from Court giving out that he would not return till some of the King's Counsellors with whom he was displeas'd were remov'd yet he came back late at Night at the perswasion of his Father-in-Law the King of Navarre To pacify him his Wife was brought from Navarre to Valladolid where on the 25th of September the Nuptials were celebrated with great Pomp and there was a Feast of Tilting in which some Nobles were kill'd because they ran with sharp-pointed Spears The Bride remain'd a Maid which was at first conceal'd but afterwards became Publick to the great Grief of all People At the same time that the Publick Rejoycing was for the Marriage of Prince Henry the Lieutenant Peter Manrrique Dy'd He was a Man of a mean Stature a great Spirit Subtle and Bold His Son James Manrique who was also Earl of TrevinÌ„o succeeded him in his 〈◊〉 D. Alvaro de Lara tho absent from Court govern'd the Kingdom which inrag'd the 〈…〉 have all 〈…〉 Son who left his Father and went away to Segovâ— declaring for the Princes of Aragon John Pacheco his Favourite neightned his discontent Toledo was again'd deliver'd up by the same Peter Lopez de Ayala to Prince Henry of Aragon The Citizens provok'd the King by securing his Messengers sent to complain of their Disloyalty which mov'd him with a small Retinue the hast thither believing they would Respect his Person He stopp'd at the Hospital of Saint Lazorus which is in the Road to Madrigal Prince Henry of Aragon came out of the City with Two Handred Horse Those with the King being Feâ— in Number Fortify'd themselves where they were but Prince Henry fearing he should become yet more odious than he was if he offer'd Violence to the King return'd into the City Roderick de Villandrando signaliz'd his Zeal and Legality for the Defence of the King in this Place in recompense for which he had a Priviledge granted him that the Earls of Ribadeo his Successors should always upon New-years Day dine with the King and serve him in the Bed-chamber For it was on the first of January 1441 that the King was in Danger in the Hospital The King went away to Torrijos and leaving Pelayo de Ribera Lord of Malpica with 100 Horse to secure that place remov'd to Avila whither D. Alvaro came to consult about carrying on the War they had in Hand His coming more incens'd the Mutineers Most of them were at Arevalo and the Queen her self favour'd her Son and Brothers against the King her Husband The King sent the Bishops of Burgos and Avila to try if there were any way of composing Differences but they could not prevail James de Valera a Gentleman who follow'd the Prince wrote a Letter to the King advising him to incline to Mercy rather than Severity It being read in Council no Body said any thing to it but the Archbishop D. Gutierre de Toledo who answer'd Let Valera give us Assistance for Advice we want none This Valera was a Man of very good natural Parts was twice Embassador in Germany and writ a short History of Spain of him called Valeriana But there is another Valeriana writ by an Archdeacon of Murcia and quoted in this Work Prince Henry being sent for by his Father to treat of Peace came to Avila but nothing was concluded The Prince being return'd to Segovia desir'd the two Queens his Mother and Mother in Law then in Castile to go as far as Santa Maria de Nieva to endeavour to appease those Commotions In that Town Blanch Queen of Navarre dy'd on the first day of April and was bury'd in the famous Church of that Place This grave Authors affirm but there is no sign of it in the Church Charles Prince of Viana her Son inherited the Crown but took not the Title of King out of respect to his Father This Prince Charles was very studious and there are some Works of his Extant as Aristole's Ethicks translated into Spanish a short History of Navarre and many Compositions in Verse which he us'd to sing to the Guitarre A Youth deserving of a better Fortune and a more peaceable Father He was 21 years of Age when his Mother dy'd Her Death put an
whether the Change of Air would remove an Ague that consumed him There he received the Answer from Portugal and the Queen of Aragon who came to settle Peace betwixt the Princes of Spain wherein she was not unsuccessful Notwithstanding there happened a new Cause of Offence which was that Prince Henry was Divorced from Blanch his Wife pretending that by reason of some Witchcraft he could not have to do with her whereas in Truth his other Debaucheries made him unfit to have to do with a Maid The Divorce was first granted by Luis de Acun̄a Administrator of the Church of Segovia for the Cardinal D. John de Cervantes and afterwards confirmed by the Archbishop of Toledo commissioned by Pope Nicholas But the World was surprized that after this Divorce Prince Henry should marry again On the 13th of November the King of Castile had a Son born at Tordesillas called Alonso who tho short liv'd was the cause of a Bloody War At the Instance of the Queen of Aragon a Treaty of Peace was set on Foot betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon as also betwixt the King of Navarre and the Prince his Son and for the better carrying of it on a Truce was concluded for the following Year Whilst these things were in Agitation the King's Sickness increased to that Degree that having received the Sacraments he dyed at Valladolid on the 20th of July 1454. For the present he was deposited at St. Paul in Valladolid and afterwards as he had ordered translated to the Carthusians at Burgos built By his Father and given to that Order by him His Obsequies were performed in all Cities and even at Naples where the Vinetian Embassador appearing among the Mourners cloathed in Scarlet and Crimson changed their Sorrow into Laughter Besides a great part of the Mausoleum built of Wood in the Church was burnt by the great number of Lights In his Will the King left the Mastership of Santiago and Constableship of Castile to his Son Prince Alonso and appointed the Bishop of Cuenca the Prior of Guadalupe and John de Padilla the Lord Chamberlain his Tutors It is thought if he had not been so young he would have appointed him his Successor being highly offended at Prince Henry To the Princess Elizabeth he left the Town of Cuenca and a great Sum of Mony to the Queen his Wife Soria Arevalo and Madrigal Four days after the late King's Death Prince Henry was proclaimed King Immediately the Earls or Alva and Trevin̄o were released out of Prison which made the Joy at the Coronation the more compleat All the late King's Officers of the Houshold were continu'd in their Posts Lastly the Treaty of Peace began by the Queen of Aragon was concluded upon these Conditions That the King of Navarre D. Alonso his Son and Henry Son to Prince Henry of Aragon renounce all their Pretensions to any Estates or Dignities in Castile That in lieu thereof the King of Castile pay them yearly certain Pensions then agreed upon That the Admiral of Castile his Brother Henry John de Tovar Lord of Berlanga and the rest that took party with the King of Navarre may return to their Estates D. James Gomez de Sandoval Earl of Castro dyed before his Cause was determined and was buryed at Borgia Before his Death for his great Fidelity to the Aragonians he had Denia in the Kingdom of Valencia and Lerma in Old Castile given him These Towns he left to his Son Ferdinand who with some other Outlaws was not comprehended in the Pardon but left to the Mercy of the New King All Places taken during the late War on both sides were agreed to be restored 15000 Florins were given to the King of Navarre for the Town of Atiença Next it was attempted to settle the Affairs of Navarre but that succeeded not Whilst the Princes concerned could ratify the Peace already concluded it was agreed to prolong the Truce for a Year longer This done the Queen of Aragon returned to her Kingdom D. John Pacheco Marques of Villen̄a was now beyond Dispute the most powerful Nobleman in Castile as well in respect of his great Riches as the Favour of the new King He and D. Ferrer de Lanuza and D. John Biamonte Brother to the Constable of Navarre being commissioned by their Masters the Kings of Castile and Navarre and Charles Prince of Viana met at Agreda about the beginning of the Year 1455 to compose the Differences betwixt the King of Navarre and his Son but they had no Success It was supposed D. John Pacheco underhand obstructed the Peace of Navarre fearing it might be a means to lessen his Authority Only a Truce was concluded to last till the end of April Thus much of Navarre In Castile the hopes the People had conceived that the Change of Government would produce some good Effect now vanished The new King was as much given to his Ease as his Father and in other Respects was worse He had Wit enough but no Resolution was given up to Lewdness and hated Business D. John Pacheco governed with more Moderation than D. Alvaro de Luna or at least was more Fortunate for he held it all his Life time King Henry had a great Head a high Forehead cloudy Eyes his Nose fallen not naturally but by an accident his Hair of a Chesnut colour his Complexion ruddy and swarthy All his Face was disagreeable his Body tall his Legs long but his Limbs strong He loved Hunting and Musick and was not over curious in his Dress He drank Water eat much his Manners and course of Life were wholly addicted to Debauchery and Lewdness This weakned his Body which was subject to Diseases as his Mind was to Inconstancy He was called the Liberal and the Impotent this last Title from a defect in Nature the other from his great Profuseness in giving He forgot the Favours he bestowed but remembred any Service done him He was extreamly courteous spoke lovingly to all Men and was merciful to a Fault This strange Mixture of different Qualities was the cause there never were greater Troubles than in his Time He reign'd 20 Years 4 Months and two Days CHAP. VIII The great League made in Italy The Death of Pope Nicholas Calixtus succeeds him The War of Granada King Henry of Castile marries Joanna Sister to the King of Portugal Earthquaks in Italy THREE years before this we write of there began a bloody War in Italy Francis Sforcia being possessed of the Dutchy of Milan demanded of the Venetians certain Towns belonging to the Dutchy which they held along the River Abdua They refusing he resolved to use Force and to that purpose joyned in League with the Florentines In revenge the Venetians commanded all Florentines to depart out of their Territories and forbid all Commerce with them Besides by the means of Leonello Marques of Ferrara they joyned in League with the King of Aragon William Marques of Montferrat was sent
the Pope who was there present and therefore the Reflection upon him was the greater The Diet at Ratisbon being broke up the Emperor went into Italy and conferred with the Pope at Luca in September The chief Subject of their Conference was about Assembling a General Council Leaving the Pope he went to Genoa where Andrew Doria had a great Fleet in readiness to go over to Argiers on the Coast of Africk The Season was then too far advanced therefore the Pope and others laboured to disswade the Emperor from that Enterprize but he was not to be moved Being come upon the Coast of Africk about the end of October and having lost great part of his Fleet in a terrible Storm he was forced to retire to Bugia whence he passed over much afflicted to Carthagena having done nothing and sustained great loss Ferdinand Cortes who accompanied the Emperor in this Expedition his Galley sinking was obliged to swim for his Life and lost two Cups made of Emraulds which he had tyed about him in a cloath and were worth 300000 Duccats Anno 1542. The bloody Wars betwixt Christian Princes disappointed the Pope's design the last year of assembling a General Council but now he published a new Edict Summoning all the Bishops to meet at the City Trent He appointed the Cardinals Parisius Moron and Poole to preside in his Name but this design was also put off because the French King made War upon the Emperor The cause of this War was that the King sent two Embassadors to the Turk one a Genoese called Fregoso the other a Spaniard whose name was Antony Rincon Alonso Davalos Marquis del Gasto was then Governour of Milan Certain Spanish Soldiers discovered these Embassadors sailing down the River Po tho they were disguised like Pilgrims they seized and drowned them in the River This happened the last year and so incensed the French King that he immediately had recourse to Arms and with a mighty Army invaded Flanders Besides Henry the Dauphin by his Fathers order laid Siege to Perpignan on the borders of Spain The Garison defended themselves with such bravery that sallying they nailed his great Guns and Succours coming from all Parts he was forced to raise the Siege and retire John de Vega Lord of Valverde was at this time Viceroy of Navarre whence he went Embassador to Rome then Governed Sicily several Years and lastly returning into Spain was President of the Royal Council of Castile which Office he discharged with great Reputation He was a Man of great Integrity Wisdom and Piety At the beginning of December dyed James the Fifth King of Scotland leaving only one Daughter called Mary born not long before his Death of Mary his Queen Sister to the Duke of Guise Such multitudes of Locusts were in Germany Italy and Spain that they darkned the Sun as they flew In Sicily a great Earthquake did much harm in several Cities and Towns but the most mischief was done at the City Siracusa Anno 1543. The Emperor having appointed his Son Philip Governour of Spain sailed over to Genoa being in care for Italy and Germany At Busseto between Placencia and Cremona he met the Pope there they conferred about the General Council the Pope's Legates being already at Trent waiting the coming of the Bishops It was also proposed to make Peace between France and Spain but the time was not yet come Cosmo de Medicis Duke of Florence was allowed to buy out the Castles of Florence and Leghorn then held by the Emperor for 200000 Duccats The Pope had given the Cities of Placencia and Parma to Peter Luis his Son and would have had the Emperor confirm his Gift those Cities belonging to the State of Milan but could not prevail The King of France Invaded the Low Countries by the way of S. Quintin On the other side the great Pyrate Barbarussa having sacked and burnt the city Rijoles not far from the Streight of Messina ran along the Coast of Italy and put into the Port of Toulon There joyning the Duke d' Enguien they together attacked the City Nice near the State of Genoa and tho they took it could not reduce the Fortress yet they spent the best part of the Summer before it For this reason and because it was reported that Andrew Doria was coming to the Relief of the Besieged they returned to Winter at Toulon Anno 1544. On the 4th of January this year happened a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun which lasted some hours and not long after followed 3 Eclipses of the Moon which is said never to have happened since the time of Charlemagne The success of the Wars was various for Barbarussa in his return towards the Levant in several places ravaged the Coasts of Naples The fear was greater than the harm tho he took and plundered the City and Island of Lipari On the Coast of Sicily he took plundered and burnt the City Pati Many thousand Souls were carried by him into Captivity The Duke d' Anguien with a great Army entred Milan the Marquis del Gasto marched to oppose him They met near a Town called Carigno and the Battel was fought on the 14th of April which was very bloody but the French obtained the Victory and yet could not possess themselves of the Dukedom of Milan The Emperor and King of England had made a League against France The Emperor broke into France by the way of Flanders Took several Towns and came near to Paris So great was the terror he spread that many of the wealthy Citizens abandoned that City This Consternation was the greater for that at the same time the King of England possessed himself of the City of Boulogne Under these Circumstances a Treaty of Peace was set a foot The Embassadors of these Princes met at Soissons where they concluded a Peace upon the following Conditions That all things taken on either side since the Truce concluded at Nice should be restored That they should joyn their Forces in defence of the Catholick Religion against the Turks and Hereticks That the King of France shall renounce all his Pretensions in Flanders Aragon or Naples That the Emperor should give to Charles Duke of Orleans the King of France his younger Son one of his Daughters in Marriage or else one of those of his Brother Ferdinand In case he gave his own Daughter he should give her in Dower the Low Countries with the Title of King to her Husband But if it were his Brother's Daughter that the Dukedom of Milan should be her Dower The Agreement was made on the 24th of September but it took no effect Charles Duke of Orleans soon after dying Anno 1545. Prince Philip of Spain was before contracted to Mary Daughter to the King of Portugal last Year they were Married at Salamanca with great Solemnity The Duke of Medina Sidonia went to the Borders of Portugal to conduct the Bride who soon after proved with Child and was
at variance and in lieu thereof should have the Lordship of Montpelier These things were done later in the Year 1375 therefore let us return to Castile King Henry's Joy for his Success was somewhat abated by the many Enemies he had yet to deal with for still King Peter's Party was not extinct The Portugueses had a strong Garrison in Cuida Rodrigo and thence infested all the neighbouring Country This place King Henry laid Siege to at the beginning of the Year 1370 but the Portugueses defended it so bravely that he was forc'd to quit that Design for the present and march away to Medina del Campos Here he held the Cortes or Parliament The chief Thing done at this Meeting was the granting of an extraordinary Subsidy towards the War There was due to Bertran Claquin 120000 Doubles promis'd him for betraying of King Peter at Montiel this was a vast Summ in those Days Jayme King of Naples was deliver'd to him as payment of 60000 the Queen his Wife offering so much for him the rest was paid down in Gold Besides the King gave him the Towns of Soria Almaçan Aciença Montagudo Molina and Seron This done he return'd into France where he was made Constable and serv'd well against the English In July the Aragonians and Navarrois concluded a League only defensive as was given out but in reality design'd against Henry of Castile Then the Towns of Salvatierra and La Real formerly belonging to Aragon were restor'd to that Crown by the Queen of Navarre In Castile Peter Manrique Lieutenant of that Kingdom and Peter Ruiz Sarmiento Lieutenant of Galicia were order'd with some Forces to defend Galicia where the Portugueses had taken Compostella Tuy and the Port of Corun̄a D. Tello King Henry's Brother was also commanded thither This done King Henry went away to Sevil with the best of his Army for there was the greatest need of it because the Moors made War on that side Carmona still held out and the Portuguese Fleet kept the Mouth of the River Gaudalquivir Henry was much pleas'd that the Masters of Santiago and Calatrava concluded a Truce with the King of Granada for he could not have withstood so many Enemies at once The Portuguese fleet consisted of 16 Galleys and 24 Ships King Henry order'd 20 Galleys to be lanch'd but they could not all be fitted because King Peter had laid up the Tackling at Carmona therefore a Fleet was order'd to come from Biscay which the Portuguese understanding durst not stay to give them Battel but return'd to Portugal having lost three Galleys and two Ships The Portuguese Fleet was at that time weaken'd having sent some Galleys to Barcelona to carry the Embassadors who went to make a League with the King of Aragon They concluded the Confederacy upon these Terms That the Kingdom of Murcia and City of Cuenca with all its Dependencies should belong to the Crown of Aragon all the other Dominions of Castile should fall to the King of Portugal who already called himself King of Castile That the King of Portugal should marry the Lady Ellenor Daughter to the Aragonian her Dower to be 100000 Florins This Contract came to nothing for the King of Portugal fell in love with and marry'd the Lady Ellenor Tellez de Meneses Daughter to Alonso Tello Count of Barceols and the Aragonian taken up with the War of Sardinia had no leisure to attend that of Castile On the 15th of October dy'd D. Tello King Henry's Brother Lord of Biscay Some say he was poison'd others deny it The King gave the Lordship of Biscay and Lara belonging D. Tello to his own Son John and ever since they have been annex'd to the Crown of Castile The Body of D. Tello was bury'd with great Pomp in the Monastery of S. Francis at Palencia CHAP. IX The Siege of Carmona The King of Portugal marries the Lady Ellenor de Meneses Peace betwixt Castile Portugal and Nevarre KIng Heny eas'd of two great Troubles by the Truce made with the Moor and the removal of the Portuguese Fleet laid Siege to Carmona the only Refuge of King Peter's Friends in the Spring of the Year 1371. This Siege lasted long and many notable Exploits were perform'd by the Besieged who kept their Gates always open making continual Salleys One Day just at Noon the Heat being very great the besieged observ'd the Enemy to keep very close in their Tents and thereupon sallying furiously enter'd their Trenches and went directly to the King's Tent resolving by his death to put an end to the War He was in extream Danger but that some Gentlemen came to his rescue and stop'd the Fury of the besieged till the Army gathering they were repuls'd with considerable Loss After this King Henry attempted by Night to scale the Walls about 40 Men at Armes got up and secur'd a Tower but the Townsmen taking the Alarm fell on them with such Bravery that the Ladders not able to bear them going down broke and those that were in the Tower were left behind Martin Lopez de Cordeva the Governour who was out of the Town that Night returning caus'd them all to be put to Death Provision failing the Governour was at last forc'd to Surrender upon Articles which were basely broken and the brave Governour Martin Lopez de Cordova publickly put to Death or rather murder'd at Sevil by the King's Command The Treasure and Innocent Children of King Peter fell into the Hands of King Henry who kept those guiltless Persons in perpetual Imprisonment This done King Henry caus'd the Bones of his Father King Alonso to be translated to the Royal Chappel of the Cathedral of Cordova At the Siege of Carmona he receiv'd the News that Peter Fernandez de Velasco had taken the City Zamora from the Portugeses and his Liuetenant Peter Manrique and Peter Ruiz Sarmiento pacify'd Galicia having defeated D. Ferdinand de Castro the chief Man that favour'd the Portugeses who having lost the Battle fled to Portugal King Ferdinand of Portugal discourag'd at these Losses gave ear to Peace propos'd to him on the behalf of King Henry by Alonso Perez de Gusman chief Alguazil of Sevil. The Treaty was concluded on the 1st Day of March upon these Articles That the King of Castile restore the Towns taken during the War That the King of Portugal marry Ellenor Daughter to him of Castile whose Dower was to be Cuidad Rodrigo Valencia de Alcantara in Estremadura and Monreal in Galicia The Love the Portuguese bore the Lady Ellenor de Meneses as has been said before prevented this Match and he sent an Embassy to excuse himself and deliver'd up all the Places he had belonging to Castile His Excuses were easily allow'd and he publickly marry'd the Lady Elenor de Meneses which prov'd an unhappy Match and produc'd Wars betwixt Castile and Portugal Before the King was marry'd his Design being known at Lisbon the People mutiny'd to prevent it but the
stay to besiege it resolving to advance towards his Enemy who was incamp'd at Santaren The King of Portugal being too weak for his Enemy kept himself within the Walls and King Henry march'd away to Lisbon At his first coming he enter'd and burnt the Suburbs but the City being strong and well defended could not be taken However some Ships were burnt in the River and others taken by the Fleet of Castile a great Number of Prisoners and a rich Booty was carry'd away Mean while the Legate ceas'd not to labour for Peace and at last brought the two Kings together into a Boat upon the River Tagus on the 28th of March and they agreed to these Conditions That the King of Portugal by a certain Day should banish his Kingdom the Gentlemen that fled from Castile who were about 500 in Number That all Places taken during that War should be restor'd on both Sides That Beatrix Sister to the King of Portugal should be marry'd to D. Sancho Brother to King Henry and Earl of Albuquerque and Elizabeth Bastard Daughter to the King of Portugal to Alonso the Bastard of King Henry King Ferdinand gave Hostages for Security of Performance D. Sancho and the Lady Beatrix were presently marry'd at Santaren The Lady Elizabeth being but 8 Years of Age was delivered to King Henry and then the two Kings parted King Henry march'd directly against Navarre but the Pope's Legate reconcil'd those two Kings also The Navarrois restor'd the Towns of Victoria and Logron̄o Charles his Son was contracted to Ellenor Daughter to the King of Castile her Portion 120000 Crowns of Gold The Kings met at Briones a Town on the Frontiers where the Princes were marry'd and the King of Navarre gave his younger Son Peter to him of Castile as a Hostage When the King of Navarre return'd out of France he found that Bernard Bishop of Pamplona and Cruzate Dean of Tudela whom he had joyn'd in Commission with the Queen had not discharg'd their Trust faithfully They understanding the King's Displeasure fled the Bishop got to Avignon but the Dean was kill'd by the way as was suspected by the King's order The Bishop went on to Rome where he dy'd CHAP. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restor'd to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily FRom Briones the King of Castile return'd to the Kingdom of Toledo he of Navarre to his Court whence he sent the Queen into France to appease that King who was highly offended suspecting the Navarrois had employ'd People to Poison him Then the King of Navarre went in Person to Madrid to perswade King Henry to forsake the French and side with the English Offering if he would pay the Arrears due to the Prince of Wales and his Army from King Peter that the English would quit their Claim to the Crown of Castile and lay down all other Animosities King Henry answer'd he would never depart from the Interest of France where he had found Relief in his Distress but that if the English would make Peace with France he would join in it and pay them as much as should be adjudg'd by impartial Judges Thus nothing was concluded and the Navarrois return'd to Pamplona the Castilian to Andaluzia The Lady Mary Daughter to D. Ferdinand de la Cerda marry'd in France to the Earl of Alençon sent to demand of King Henry the Lordships of Biscay and Lara as of right appertaining to her He reply'd if she would send two of her Sons to reside at his Court they should be put into Possession but having better Estates in France they never came In October Balthasar Spinola a Genoese came into Aragon as Embassador from the English to conclude a League against Castile They offer'd him if the Kingdom were conquer'd the Cities of Murcia Cuenca and Soria with all their Dependencies but the King of Aragon could not be prevail'd upon In February happen'd a great Earthquake in the Earldom of Ribagorça in which many Towns were wholly swallow'd up Luis Duke of Anjou came to Carcassonne to endeavour to settle a Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon fearing lest the English the mortal Enemies of France should become Masters of Castile After much debating it was resolv'd to referr the Dicision of their Differences to Guido Cardinal of Bolonia the Pope's Legate On the 15th of October Pope Gregory the XIth confirm'd the Order of the Fryers of S. Hierome first invented by certain Italian Hermits near the City Toledo Some Years after the Order of the Isidorians was taken from this same In December tho Peace could not be concluded a Truce was agreed upon till the Feast of Pentecost In the Year 1374 John Duke of Lancaster landed with an Army at Calis and being join'd by the Duke of Britany march'd across the Country to Bourdeaux with a Design to conquer Castile He sent Embassadors to the Kings of Aragon and Navarre to ask Supplies but they thought it safest to look on as Neuters King Henry fearing this Storm went to Burgos where he made all possible Preparations to withstand it D. Sancho his Brother endeavouring to appease a Sedition among the Souldiers was wounded in the Face with a Spear and dy'd The Lady Beatrix his Wife left with Child was deliver'd of a Daughter called Ellenor who was marry'd to Prince Ferdinand afterwards King of Aragon King Henry near Ban̄ares made a review of his Forces and found 1200 Horse and 5000 Foot a small Number but good Men. The English Forces consum'd by their long March when they came to Bourdeaux were not above 6000 strong and therefore had lay'd aside the Design of entring Spain Luis Duke of Anjou thinking this a good Opportunity to expel them France advis'd King Henry to joyn his Forces with him and besiege Bayonne King Henry took his Advice and besieg'd the Place but was forc'd by the Rains and want of Provisions to quit it Beltran de Guevara Lord of On̄ate did good Service in this Expedition for which the King at his return gave him the Valley of Leniz In August the Prince of Majorca enter'd the Country of Russillon with a powerful Army yet did nothing considerable On the other side the Lord of Bearne and Godfrey Recco a Breton made an Incursion into the Territory of Borgia and destroy'd all they came near The King of Aragon sent Francis de Perellas Viscount Roda to conclude a League with the Duke of Lancaster A violent Storm cast him upon the Coast of Granada where he was made Prisoner by that King in revenge for certain Vessels of his taken by the Aragonians and to please the King of Castile A new Embassy was sent by King Henry to Barcelona to establish Peace with the Aragonian On the 3d of November dy'd in Normandy Joanna Queen of Navarre at whose Request her Brother the King of France often pardon'd her Husband
Earl of Benavente nay the Prince of Castile and Queen had a hand in this Practice F. Lope Barrientos Bishop of Avila mov'd by the Wrong done the King and desiring to restore D. Alvaro discour'd John de Pacheco seriously upon the Point and they resolv'd to try whether some of the Nobles had Courage enough to oppose the Princes of Aragon To the end their Designs might be the better conceal'd they advis'd the Prince who was of Council with them to go from Tordesillas to Segovia upon pretence of Hunting Thence they sent Letters to D. Alvaro giving him an Account of what they had done At the same time the Earls of Haro and Ledesma meeting at Curiel had consulted about setting the King at Liberty which oblig'd the Prince to return to Tordesillas to see what could be done But the Princes of Aragon prevented their Designs and forc'd them to fly whence ensu'd new Troubles The King of Navarre was marry'd at Lobaton on the 1st of September 1444 and Prince Henry at Cordova where he was fixing the Interest of his Party James Valera was sent Embassador into France to obtain Liberty for the Earl of Armagnac secur'd by the Dauphin and for Martin Son to D. Alonso Earl of Gijon He was accus'd of holding Correspondence with the English and set at Liberty upon Condition that if ever he was found faulty he should forfeit the Towns of Ribadeo and Cangas in Asturias Besides the King of Castile oblig'd himself in such Case to make War with the Forces of Biscay that bordered on his Dominions At the same time some dealt with Henry Prince of Castile about destroying of D. Alvaro and others about restoring him Bishop Barrientos and John Pacheco thought fit to dispatch before they were discover'd and to that purpose held the King of Navarre in hand as if they design'd to joyn with him Mean while Prince Henry return'd to Segovia and thence sollicited the Earls of Haro Plasencia and Castaneda to unite their Forces with his Besides them the Earl of Alva the Archbishop of Toledo and Lord of Hita took party with them This done thinking themselves strong enough for the Princes of Aragon by the Prince's Order they all went to Avila They had 1500 Horse and D. Alvaro de Luna came to them Their greatest want was of Mony Thence they went to Burgos where the other Nobles their Associates were The Aragonians sent the King to the Town of Portillo with the Earl of Castro to guard him and the King of Navarre gather'd 2000 Horse With this Force he march'd towards the Confederate Nobles who daily grew stronger and near Pampliega in the Territory of Burgos the two Parties drew up Some Religious Persons endeavour'd to compose Differences but a light Skirmish that happen'd drew them to a Battle which was parted by the Night The King of Navarre finding himself too weak retir'd in the dark to Palencia a strong City Another Misfortune was added to this which was that the King of Castile under colour of Hunting made his escape to his Son His Liberty chang'd the Face of Affairs The King of Navarre went to his Kingdom to raise Forces and carry on what he had begun all the other great Men of his Faction went each to his own Lands Thus the Towns belonging to the Princes of Aragon fell into the Hands of the King particularly Medina del Campo Arevalo Olmedo Roa and Aranda Prince Henry of Aragon return'd to his Town of Ocana in Andaluzia Henry Prince of Castile and D. Alvaro march'd after him but he fled to the Kingdom of Murcia there Alonso Faxardo Lieutenant of that Kingdom receiv'd him into the strong City of Lorca he being a favourer of that Party This was about the end of the Year On the 5th of July the same Year dy'd Ferdinand Uncle to the King of Portugal at Fez where he was bury'd Two years after his Body was translated to Aljubarrota his Father's Burial place The Portugueses account him a Saint and say he never had to do with Women nor ever told a Lye Castile seemed to be in a better Condition since the Princes of Aragon were expelled but still a War was fear'd The Cortes met at Medina del Campo and order'd some Mony for the War but not enough Thither came the Prince of Castile and D. Alvaro de Luna after they had taken from Prince Henry several Towns belonging to him as Master of the Order of Santiago Warlike Preparations were made The King of Navarre made an Incursion into the Kingdom of Toledo with 400 Horse and 600 Foot by the way of Atiença in which he had a Garrison This Number tho small was formidable because some of the People were for him and others stood Neuters so he easily made himself Master of Torija Alcala de Henares and other places The King of Castile gathering what Force he had march'd to Espinar to wait there till other Troops joyn'd him Soon after this on the 18th of February 1445 dy'd Queen Ellenor of Portugal at Toledo and a few days after Mary Queen of Castile follow'd her ending her days at Villacastin near Segovia It was suspected they were poison'd because both dy'd so near the same time and suddenly also because Queen Mary's Body was full of Spots This Report was the easier credited because they lived a loose Life From Espinar the King went to Madrid and soon after to Alcala being invited thither by the Inhabitants The King of Navarre lay with his Forces thereabouts and being joyn'd by his Brother Henry was now 1500 Horse strong With this Body he kept himself in the Mountains of Old Alcala resolving not to fight without the Advantage of Ground he being too weak in Numbers Thence he sent Ferrer de Lanuza Justice of Aragon to his Brother the King of Aragon to desire him since the War of Naples was ended to come into Spain either to attend the War or compose the Differences The King of Castile also sent to complain to him of his Brothers There was no Action at Alcala and the Princes of Aragon by the way of Tablada hasted away to Arevalo The King of Castile follow'd close at their Heels so that both came the same day to Arevalo The King of Navarre took Olmedo by force and put to Death the loyal Party that had shut the Gates upon him About half a League from Olmedo near the Mills call'd de los Abades the King of Castile intrench'd with 2000 Horse and the like Number of Foot There his Son Henry D. Alvaro John Pacheco In̄igo Lopez de Mendoça the Earl of Alva and Bishop Barrientos joyn'd him On the other side the Admiral the Earl of Benavente the Brothers Peter Ferdinand and James Quin̄ones the Earl of Castro and John de Tovar brought a 1000 Horse to the Aragonians By the Contrivance of Bishop Barrientos a treaty was set on Foot to amuse the Rebels till the Master of Alcantara joyn'd the King He being
away to Burgos and thence to Ordun̄a upon his coming all was presently quiet He made a Truce between the Two Parties till such time as they could be fully Reconciled and set all the Prisoners free After this great Levies were made throughout Castile and the Nobility was summoned to the end to force King Ferdinand and Elizabeth his Queen to depart the Kingdom yet by the Advice of the Master of Santiago this Design was laid aside Toledo and Sevil mutinied at the same time both Cities being divided into Factions Those of Toledo were the Ayalas and Silvas The Earl of Cifuentes was Head of the Silvas and he of Fuensalida of the Ayalas To put an end to these Contentions by the Advice of the Bishop F. Peter de Silva the Earl of Cifuentes Married Ellenor Daughter to him of Fuensalida What was designed to produce a Peace proved the cause of greater Discord not only the Earl of Cifuentes but John de Ribera his Uncle being admitted into the City against the Kings will one of them coming to be Married and the other to honour that Solemnity The Faction of the Silvas having got their Chief among them armed against their Adversaries with such fury that King Henry was forced to come thither in Person and having appeased the Tumult deprived the Earl of Fuensalida of the Government of the City which he had held many years and put Garci Lopez into that Command with the Title of Deputy At Sevil the Marquess of Cadiz was expelled that City by the Duke of Medina Sidonia Hence ensued a formal War which was ended by D. Yn̄igo Lopez de Mendoça Earl of Tendilla sent thither to that purpose he using more Art than Force or Severity Medina Sidonia was restored to its Owner It was a very great loss for Castile that Pope Paul II. died on the 25th of July During his Papacy he did much for the good and advantage of Spain On the 9th of August was chosen in his place the Cardinal Francis de Ruvere of the Order of Friers Minors he took the Name of Sixtus IV. a Man of no less Merit than his Predecessor and as well affected towards Spain At the same time a Body of Moores broke into the inward parts of Andaluzia and made great havock in the Territory of Alcantara The Booty they took was so great they could observe no Order in marching In Revenge for this Affront and to Divert the Enemy by the King's Order the Marquess of Cadiz with his Forces took the Town of Cardella in the Kingdom of Granada by force but he leaving a weak Garison in the place it was soon recovered by the Moores This Year was Fortunate to Portugal King Alonso about the middle of August set sail from Lisbon with a Fleet consisting of 300 Sail between great and small resolving to renew the War in Africk With him went Prince John his Son that he might learn his first Military Rudiments in that Holy War and all the Flower of the Nobility and Souldiery of the Kingdom The Army consisted of about 30000 Men. At his first landing he took from the Moores the Town of Arzila in which above 2000 Infidels were killed and 5000 sold as Slaves which raised a great Sum of Money This Success was not bought without Blood for several Persons of Note among the Portugueses were killed and among them D. Alvaro de Castro Earl of Montesanto and D. John Coutin̄o Earl of Marialva whose dead Body the King having seen turning to his Son he said God grant you prove so great a Souldier The Example of Arzila so terrified the Moores of Tangier that they abandoned it the Command of which Place the King gave to Roderick Merlo Henry de Meneses Earl of Valencia was left Governour of Arzila and Alcaçar Having in so short a time concluded such Noble Exploits the King returned with his Fleet in safety to Portugal D. Alonso Vasconcellos was in this Expedition created Earl of Penella as a Reward of his good Service CHAP. IX Catalonia reduced Charles Duke of Guienne dies Cardinal Borgia the Pope's Legate comes into Spain Interview of the Kings of Castile and Portugal The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon IN Catalonia the Aragonians were now successful for after the Death of the Duke of Lorrain Girona was surrendred to the King What remained of the Enemy whose Chief Commanders were Reiner Bastard Son to the Duke and James Galeoto were either besieged in a Town called S. Adrian on the Banks of the River Bese or overthrown by the General D. Alonso de Aragon as they marched to relieve that Place The King tho' so old ceased not to press the Enemy in Ampurias As he lay encamped near Torella he is said in a Dream to have seen a notable Soldier that died in that War who advised him not to decamp from thence because it would prove dangerous to him The King took no notice of this Dream but moved thence and having taken Roses and laid Siege to Peralada was in great danger of his Life by a Camisade given at Night by the Earl of Campobaso who commanded the Enemy He was so surprized that he fled half naked to Figueras Nevertheless next day he returned to the Siege and wasted the Country which obliged the Town to surrender All that Country being subdued he marched with his Army and sate down before Barcelona the Siege of which Place lasted long he being resolved to carry that Town by Policy rather than open Force In Old Castile King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth laboured to draw the People to their Party some Towns surrendred to him and among them Sepulveda This done they sent for the Archbishop of Toledo resolving to reconcile him at any rate and being come went with him to Tordelaguna a Town of his on purpose to oblige him Charles Duke of Guienne not regarding that he was contracted to the Princess Joanna as doubting whose Daughter she was was now making a Match with the Duke of Burgundy's Daughter As soon as King Henry had notice of it he went from Segovia to Badajoz to meet the King of Portugal at the beginning of the Year 1472. The Earl of Feria in whose Custody that City was in Hatred to the Master of Santiago would not admit the King Between that Place and Elvas the two Kings met and treated about the King of Portugal's marrying the Princess Joanna but nothing was concluded The Portugues placed no great Confidence in the King or the Master of Santiago beside that King Ferdinand and his Queen became daily more acceptable to the People For the present the Insolence of the Earl of Feria was winked at but not long after King Henry went into Andaluzia with a Resolution to punish all the Mutinous Lords He came to Cordova and would not go on to Sevil because the Duke of Medina-Sidonia was possessed of that City and had
with a Company of Robbers did great harm thereabouts From Segovia whither he returned he resolved to go Visit his Father who was sick By the way at Alcalà he Visited the Archbishop of Toledo thinking by that Civility to gain him to his Party At Guadalajara he also Visited the Marquess de Santillana and so went on to Barcelona where his Father lay In the Kingdom of Valencia the Towns of Segorve and Exerica Mutinied at the same time and took up Arms. The People of Exerica to free themselves from the Tyranny of Francis Sarsuela who they pretended oppressed them Those of Segorve to follow D. Henry de Aragon contrary to the King's Will and Pleasure These Confusions lasted long but nothing remarkable hapned in them only that at length Segorve was confiscate and Exerica restored to its Owner King Ferdinand was at Barcelona consulting with his Father about the War in Russillon when News was brought him from Castile that that D. John Pacheco Master of Santiago departed this Life on the 4th of October upon whose Death the Nobles were worse divided than before Many aimed at that Mastership The Duke of Medina Sidonia the Marquess of Santillana and the Earls of Albuquerque and Benavente confided in their Riches and hoped that way to carry it D. Alonso de Cardenas chief Commendary of Leon was chosen in that City and D. Roderick Manrique Earl of Paredes at Veles The Marquess de Villena pleaded the Pope during his Father's Life-time had given him that Dignity but because he produced no Bull it was supposed he only did it to delay time till he could make an Interest with his Holiness As he went towards Villarejo de Salvanes to meet the Earl of Ossorno he was apprehended and sent Prisoner to Fuentiduen̄a King Henry Resenting this Affront and believing the Earl of Ossorno would not obey his Orders sate down with some Forces before Fuentiduena tho he was then much indisposed Many Lords as well Spiritual as Temporal repaired thither to serve him Delays were dangerous the King's Sickness increasing and the Weather being bad therefore they resolved to oppose one Fraud against another Lope Vasquez de Acun̄a Brother to the Archbishop of Toledo pretending to Treat with the Earl of Osorno's Wife secured her and a Son of hers and carried them away to Huete This obliged her Husband to release the Marquess Thus the Designs of the Earl of Osorno were disappointed King Ferdinand being informed what had hapned left the Care of the War in Ampurias to his Father and returned to Zaragoça There he thought if the Affairs of Castile would permit to assemble the Cortes of Aragon in order to raise Money whereof he stood in great want The more because the French Forces daily increased and they had besieged Elna with 900 Horse and 10000 Foot That place being reduced to great extremity surrendred on the 5th of December upon Condition the Garrison should march away in safety It was much feared lest Perpignan should be lost the Castle being already in the Hands of the French as were all the Garrisons about it This year was particularly Remarkable for the Havock made among the Jews in all parts of Sicily The Rabble without respect to D. Lope de Urrea their Viceroy who punished some of them killed many of those Wretches and plundered their Houses The Peace with the Moores of Granada was duely observed on both sides In Navarre there were Tumults between the Biamonteses who took part with the Princess Ellenor and the Agramonteses who favoured the King of Aragon CHAP. II. The Death of Henry King of Castile Ferdinand and Elizabeth usurp the Crown of Castile from Joanna the Rightful Heiress and are proclaimed King and Queen The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Rightful Heiress his Neece KIng Henry's Indisposition which had held him long daily encreased and being heightned with Troubles and the Toil of his late Expedition became mortal The Physicians ordered him to be carried to Madrid hoping the Air might contribute to his Recovery but neither that nor any Medicines proved effectual On the 11th of December having prepared himself as became a good Christian he gave up the Ghost at the end of the 45th Year of his Age and having Reigned 20 Years 4 Months and 22 Days His Will was not made in form but written in haste by John de Oviedo his Secretary in whom he reposed great Confidence He appointed the Cardinal of Spain and Marquess de Villena his Executors Being asked by F. Peter de Maçuelos Prior of S. Hierom in Madrid who Confessed him at that time Whom he appointed to Succeed him He said the Princess Joanna whom he recommended to his Two Executors as also to the Duke of Arevalo the Marquiss of Santillana the Earl of Benavente and the Constable in whom he most confided His Body was deposited without much Ceremony in the Monastery of S. Hierom at Madrid and thence as he had ordained translated to the Church of Guadalupe This Prince was for nothing so remarkable as for his loose Life He left no Issue Male and was himself the last of the Male Line of King Henry the Bastard King Henry's death caused a mighty alteration in Castile The greatest number took part with the Princess Elizabeth yet many adhered to the Princess Joanna particularly the Marquess de Villena and the Duke of Arevalo with all their Kindred and Followers supported that Lady They expected she should have the Title of Queen and they all the Power chusing a Husband for her where they thought fit All the Country from Toledo to Murcia sided with these Two Noblemen as did all the Men of Note in Galicia with such Resolution that they took Arms against D. Alonso de Azevedo y Fonseca Archbishop of Santiago because he declared for the other side At Segovia such as were there present publickly took the Oath of Allegiance to Queen Elizabeth upon a Scaffold raised for that purpose Then King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth were proclaimed by a Herauld amidst the loud Acclamations of the People All kissed her Hand and conducted her a Horseback to Church Few Lords were then in Segovia and none of them Grandees The first that came to express their Loyalty were the Cardinal of Spain and Earl of Benavente soon after the Archbishop of Toledo the Marquiss de Santillana the Dukes of Alva and Albuquerque the Constable and the Admiral Others did their Homage and took the Oath of Allegiance by Proxy No Oath was taken to King Ferdinand till he came and swore to preserve the Privileges of the Kingdom He was then holding the Cortes of Aragon and Zaragoça and endeavouring to raise Money but as soon as he heard of the death of King Henry he set out for Castile He left his Sister Joanna Contracted to Ferdinand King of Naples then a Widower to preside in the Cortes It was usual with the Nobility of Castile to sell their Loyalty as dear
Forces against him and that he aspersed him giving out that he kept the Queen Prisoner and obstructed the proceedings of the Inquisition favouring those it had Apprehended and that all this was Invented to render him Odious to his Subjects The difficulty obstructing the Interview was that King Philip's Party would before they met know whether the Catholick King would Consent to altering some Articles of the late Agreement and which those were but the Catholick King was very reserved and would not lay himself open to any till he met with his Son-in-law The Archbishop of Toledo on the one side and Monsieur de Villar with D. John Manuel on the other by Commission from their Masters Treated of Reconciling all Differences Their Designs were nothing alike and therefore they could not agree The Archbishop acted sincerely as became his Dignity and the good Opinion conceived of his Life The others subtilly laboured to do all things for the Advantage of their Master or at least to protract time hoping at length the Catholick King being forsaken by all Men would be forced to depart that Kingdom and retire to his own The Archbishop despairing of coming to any Conclusion advised the Catholick King to withdraw towards the Kingdom of Toledo There he offered to deliver up to him all his Towns and Castles affirming that by reason of the great distance before King Philip's Party could come to him the Heat and want of Provisions would disperse them and the Enmity which daily increased betwixt the Flemmings and Castillians would turn to his Advantage King Ferdinand would not consent but rather was jealous that the Archbishop designed to leave him as the rest had done He resolved at any rate to see his Son in Law who was now come to Verin and thence sent D. James de Guevara to the Catholick King then at Rionegro to desire he would forbear going to meet him for so it behoved Still King Ferdinand persisted in his Resolution He said his Son-in-Law could not take it ill that he came to see him since it was in a Peaceable manner whereas he was prepared for War Since it could not be avoided Monsieur de Villar and D. John Manuel resolved to go meet him and fix a day for the Interview The Duke of Alva was sent to King Philip as a Hostage for D. John Manuel tho the colour was he went to Adjust some Affairs Mean while King Philip removed to Puebla de Sanabria and King Ferdinand to Asturianos which are but two Leagues distant Monsieur de Villar and D. John being come to Asturianos the King spoke lovingly to them without the least sign of Discontent As to the Agreement he answered in such manner as made it appear the fault should not lie at his Door if all things were not done to the satisfaction of his Son-in-Law It was agreed the Interview should be the next day in a Wood that is betwixt Puebla de Sanabria and Asturianos near a Farm called Ramessal The Kings set out as had been appointed but with very unlike Attendance King Ferdinand with about 200 of his Followers mounted upon Mules and without Arms in Peaceable manner King Philip in a Warlike posture Toward Puebla de Sanabria were drawn up about 2000 Pikemen besides the Country People and a good number of Horse that followed the Nobility About 1000 Germans advanced to see the Country was clear After these followed King Philip's Domesticks and he after them on Horseback Armed under his Cloaths On his Right Hand was the Archbishop of Toledo and on his Left D. John Manuel Before he came up King Ferdinand placed himself on a rising Ground to see the Company pass by The Grandees and other Nobles came to Kiss his Hand whom he received with a pleasant Countenance He Embraced the Earl of Benavente and feeling his Armour said smiling My Lord How comes it you are grown so fat He answered Sir the Times are the cause of it To Garzilasso he said Garzia What are you so too He replied By God Sir we are all so Then came King Philip who tho he shewed some Discontent in his Looks offered to alight and Kiss his Father in Law 's Hand but he prevented Embracing and Kissing him with great Signs of Affection and a pleasant Countenance To Confer together they went into a Chappel that was hard by and with them the Archbishop of Toledo and D. John Manuel The Archbishop with his usual Freedom said to D. John It is not convenient for Private Men to be present at the Conference of Princes let us both be gone D. John could not gainsay him Being both together at the Door the Archbishop bid him go out for he would be Porter Then he shut the Door and sat down by it After the usual Civilities the Kings fell to Business and the Catholick King told King Philip it was not for want of Business or Riches that he had pretended to govern Castile for he had enough of both and should advance himself little by taking from his Children but that he had done it as being better acquainted with the Humours of the People by his long Experience however he was willing to comply and resign all up to him He advised him to be careful in the Choice of his Ministers and Counsellors and recommended to him the Archbishop of Toledo as a Man fit to be trusted King Philip answered as he had been before instructed and Thanked his Father in Law for his Advice Thus they took Leave having been together two hours without so much as naming Queen Joanna In fine they parted more dissatisfied then they met This Interview was upon Saturday the 20th of June CHAP. X. The Two Kings of Spain agree and join in League Joanna King Philip 's Queen Distracted through Jealousie Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen go to Zaragoza Jealousies started against the Great Captain King Philip dies BOth Kings continued their Journey at 3 or 4 Leagues distance from one another King Philip came to Benavente on Midsummer-Day King Ferdinand still pressed to conclude in Friendly manner At last their Commissioners agreed the Catholick King should quit the Government of Castile and retire to Aragon still retaining the 3 Masterships and what other Leagacies the Queen had left in her Will Upon these Terms they concluded a League Defensive and Offensive King Ferdinand Swore to this League on the 27th of June at Villafasila in the presence of the Archbishop of Toledo D. John Manuel and Monsieur de Villar Next day King Philip also Swore it In private they both Signed a Writing declaring the Queen's incapacity to Govern The Catholick King protested he consented against his Will being in the power of his Son in Law and then went away to Tordesillas There on the first of July he published Declarations declaring his Design had always been to resign up the Government which he now accordingly performed How this suits with the Protestation
Army and was near Damascus defeated and slain by Selymus the Turkish Emperor In his stead the Mamalukes set up Tomombeyus who being by the Turks in Battel put to the Rout and the City Caire taken was by them impaled Thus the Turk Selymus having conquered the Provinces of Siria and Egypt returned home victorious his Empire being much augmented and his strength increased by so large an Addition Martin Luther took this Occasion to spread his new Doctrine Pope Julius had begun the Structure of the Vatican and Pope Leo the Tenth his Successor to finish it granted a Jubilee throughout the World to such as gave some Charity towards that Work Albertus Archbishop of Mentz to whom the charge of publishing this Jubilee in Germany was committed gave it in charge to Tezelius a Dominican Friar Martin Luther who was Professor of Divinity at Wirtemberg and an Austin Friar so highly resented that Commission was not given to him that he immediately began to preach against it and meeting with others that gave ear to him ran into many other Extravagancies which soon spread abroad the many Abuses then crept into the Church being a motive for the People to Revolt from it Anno 1518. Ellenor Sister to King Charles was Married to Emanuel King of Portugal about the end of this Year at Ocrato a Town in Portugal with much Pomp and Grandeur They had afterwards Issue Charles who died Young and Mary who lived long but was never Married It was now proposed to divide the Archbishoprick of Toledo into several Bishopricks because of its immoderate Greatness and particularly Madrid and Talavera were designed to have Prelates of their own Pope Leo granted his Bull in order to the effecting of it He gave the Inspection of that Affair to the Cardinal Adrian the Bishop of Cosenza his Nuncio in Spain and D. Alonso de Manrique Bishop of Cuidad Rodrigo who were impowered to order it as they should think fit They met with so many Difficulties that they were forced to desist Anno 1519. Maximilian the Emperor departed this Life on the 12th of January Soon after the Electors met at Francfort to appoint a Successor and tho there were many Pretenders and great Instance particularly made by Francis King of France yet Charles King of Spain was preferred before them all and declared Emperor on the 28th of June But in regard that the Kings of Naples could not accept of the Empire they being so engaged to the Popes he obtained a Dispensation upon condition he should pay yearly 7000 Ducats as an acknowledgment for that Kingdom and a White Hacaney as is done to this Day This point was not perfectly agreed upon till some Years after Anno 1520. King Charles received the News of his Election at Barcelona whence crossing all Spain he went to Corun̄a and sailed thence in May for Flanders At Aquisgran the first Crown of the Empire was put upon his Head on the 22th of October by the Bishop of Cologn whose Office it is At the same time he freely resigned to his Brother Ferdinand all Austria and the other Hereditary Dominions of his Grandfather Maximilian Cardinal Adrian D. Ynigo de Velasco the Constable and the Admiral D. Henry Enriques were left Governours of Spain They omitted nothing that could be done to quell the Commonalty who rose in Rebellion but could not prevent their taking up Arms whence ensued the Civil Wars called Communidades or the Commons War Their Pretences were that through the Avarice of the Flemmings all the Gold of Spain was carried away and that the Liberties of the Subjects were infringed by their tyranical Government The common cry of all rebels The greatest Grievance was that Charles de Gevres the new Kings Tutor not content that he had preferred his Nephew William de Croy to the Archbishoprick of Toledo had by many knacks and contrivances raked together a vast quantity of Spanish Pistols The principal Heads of the rebellion were John de Padilla one of the first Gentlemen of Toledo and D. Antony de Acuna Bishop of Zamora Several Towns and Cities joyned with them Several Engagements happened between the Loyallists and Rebells in many places with various success till about the end of this Year the Kings Army took Tordesillas where the Rebels had fortified themselves and kept Queen Joanna On the 23th of April the following Year was fought the Battle of Villalar in which they were totally overthrown and the Ringleaders of them taken which were John de Padilla Bravo and Maldonado who were executed and the Bishop was hanged at Simancas where he was prisoner Thus those Tumults were brought to an end by the Prudence and good Conduct of the Councel to whom the King had wholly committed that Charge D a Maria Pacheco Wife to John de Padilla in the place of her Husband headed the Rebels and encouraged them to hold together but could do nothing worth remembrance The Duke of Segorbe defeated the Germanats of Valencia near unto Morvedre So the Rebels in that part of the Country called themselves Anno 1521. William de Croy Archbishop of Toledo died in Germany the 11th of January without coming into Spain or having done any thing remarkable during his Life D. Alonso de Fonseca a Man of great Spirit at that time Archbishop of Santiago was translated to the See of Toledo The Archbishoprick of Santiago was given to John de Tavera Nephew to F. James Deza Archbishop of Sevil at that time Bishop of Cuidad Rodrigo and Osma and of the Councel of the Inquisition The Rebellion in Castile produced a new War in Navarre King Ferdinand to hinder any Insurrection had demolished all the Castles in that Kingdom and the last Year all the Garrisons and Artillery were drawn thence against the Mutiniers of Castile Francis King of France desiring to restore Henry d' Albret to that Crown of Right appertaining to him laid hold of that favourable Opportunity and sent a numerous Army to that effect under the Command of Andrew l'Esparre younger Brother to Odet Lord of Lautrec He found all things easier than he could have imagined and over-run all the Kingdom taking the Capital City Pamplona abandoned by D. Antony Manrique the Viceroy Only the Castle held out being defended by Ignacius of Loyola a Man nobly descended in Guipuzcoa then a Soldier and afterwards Founder of the Order of the Jesuits A Cannon Ball struck up a Stone which broke one of his Legs and hurt the other which brought him into danger of his Life He being wounded the Castle surrendred The French Commander not content with having recovered that Kingdom entred Castile and for some days lay before Logron̄o Our Forces marching to the Relief of the Place obliged him to quit the Siege Not long after at a place called Noayn near Pamplona they overthrew the French and took their General Prisoner After this Victory the Kingdom of Navarre was with the same ease again brought
the two Crowns A great Earthquake Orders of St. Hierome and St. Isidort 1374. French Spaniards besiege Bayonne 1375. Pope Gregory the XIth returns to Rome after the Papal Chair had been 70 Years at Avignon 1376. Frederick the IId of Sicily dies A general Peace in Spain 1377 The French invade Navarre Castile at variance with Navarre 1378 Marriages of K. Henry's Bastards Schism in the Church Troubles in Portugal 1379 Navarre and Castile make Peace Death of K. Henry Mahomet K. of Granada dies John succeeds to the Crown of Castile Castilian Fleet ravages the Coasts of Britany 1380. Great Floods Charles K. of France dies Charles the VIth succeeds Leo K. of Armenia in Spain A Schlsm Pr. Ferdinand born in Castile 1381. Pope Clement own'd in Castile Charles Duke of Durrazzo crown'd K. of Naples English joyn with Portugal against Castile 1382. Rebellion suppress'd Articles betwixt Castile and Portugal Death of the Qu. of Castile 1383. Marriage of the K. of Castile with the Princess of Portugal Ferdinand King of Portugal dies Divisions in Portugal about the Succession of the Crown King John of Castile proclaimed K. at Lisbon Portugueses that favour'd the K. of Castile The Master of 〈◊〉 a Bastard aspires to the C own of Portugal Lisbon besieged The Siege raised 1385. John the Bastard proclaim'd K. of Portugal Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Portugal K. John of Castile makes his Will Famous Battel of Aljubarota Castilians defeated All Portugal submits to John the Usurper Another verthrow of the Castilians France and Navarre joyn with Castile The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna Death of 3 Kings Of Peter K. of Aragon Charles Inherlts the Crown of Navarre John crown'd K. of Aragon Peace establish'd betwixt the English and Castilians 1388. Kings of Castile and Navarre meet Heir of Castile made Prince of Austurias Truce with Portugal 1390. Acts of the Cortes of Castile Truce with the Moors of Granada Pious Gifts of the K. of Castile K. John of Castile kill'd by fall from his Horse Qualities of King John of Aragon French invade Aragon 1391. Henry the IIId proclaimed K. of Castile K. John of Castile his last Will. Form of Government of Castile during the Kings Minority Strife among the Nobility of Castile They raise Forces They agree The Cortes settle the Government 1392. A Mutiny at Sevil. The War with Portugal breaks out again Troubles among the Moors K. John of Portugal his Issue Discord continues in Castile 1393. Truce with Portugal for 15 Years Arch bishop of Toledo arrested by the King Nobility of Castile reconcil'd Sicily reduc'd under the Dominion of Aragon K. Henry takes upon him the Government Biscainers invade the Canary Islands Cortes meet at Madrid 1394. The Plague at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility of Castile The Master of Alcantara cut off by the Moors Rebellion in Old Castile Mutinous Lords submit Fresh Troubled in Castile quleted Pope Clement dies the Schism continues Benedict the XIIIth chosen Pope 1395. Strange Death of K. John of Aragâ—â— Martin K. of Aragon â— Elleâ—â—â— of Navarre returns to her Husband Earl of Gijon declar'd Traytor The Archbishop of Santiago flies to Portugal The Earl of Faux invades Aragon 1396. Turks pass over into Europe Joseph K. of Granada his strange Death Mahâ—met Usurps Badajoz taken by the Portugueses 1397. Franciscan Fryars preach to the Moors of Granada 1398. Truce with Portugal renew'd Paul de Cartagenâ— famous for Learning Plague in Spain and France and great Floods French expell'd Aragon 1399. Works of Peter Tenâ—rio Archbishop of Toledo 1400. Plague in Spain Violante Daughter to the K. of Aragon marryed to Luis Duke of Anjoâ— 1401. Mary Q. of Sicily dies 1402. Tamerlan the Tatrar his exploits Embassies betwixt Tamerlan and the K. of Castile 1403. Great Floods The King of Navarre uses means to recover his Possessions in France 1404. Boniface the Pope dies and Innocent the VIIth is chosen at Rome Jews and Moors distinguish'd in Castile 1406. The Battle of Collejarts Cortes held in Castile Innocent the Pope dies at Roâ—◠〈◊〉 Gregory the XIIth is chosen Henry K. of Castile dies A notable Action of K. Henry 1407. K. Henry's Will Wonderful modesty of Prince Ferdinand who refuses the Crown being offer'd to him John the IId an Infant proclaim'd K. of Castile Aragon left without Heirs Government of Prince Ferdinand of Castile Government divided betwixt the Queen and Prince Victory of the Christians by Sea Luis Duke of Orleans murder'd 1408. Cortes of Castile grant suplies for War with the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna who he was Pope Benedict forsaken 1046. Alexander the Vth chosen Pope Animosities against Prince Ferdinand of Castile Martin K. of Sicily dies Martin K. of Aragon marries Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Dispute concerning the Crown of Aragon Prince Ferdinand marches against the Infidels 1410. Moors overthrown Pope Alexander dies John the XXIIId is chosen Martin K. of Aragon dies Race of the Earls of Barcelona extinct Several Towns taken by the Christians A Love Adventure AnteqÌ„ueraÌ„ taken by Storm The Castle surrendred Turbulent State of Christendom Aragon divided about the Succession 1411. K. John of Portugal his Government Confusions in Aragon Judges appointed to decide the Right to the Crown of Aragon Earl of Vrgel's Pretensions Ferdinand declared King of Aragon by the Judges He is proclaim'd at â—aragoca Settles the Affairs of Aragon Archimbaud Earl of Faux his Death and Issue The new King's Actions K. Ferdinand and Pope Benedict meer 1413. He besieges the Earl of Vrgel in Balaguer The Earl surrenders himself Application for uniting the Church Ferdinand crown'd at Zaragoca King Ferdinand confers with Pope Benedict Council of Constance Jews converted 1415. Pope John forced to quit the Papacy Marriage of the Prince of Aragon with the Princess of Castile Ceuta taken by the Portugueses Interview of Princes at Perpignan Pope Benedict disown'd in Aragon 1416. Ferdinand of Aragon dies New Troubles in Castile 1417. John Hus and Hierome of Prague burnt Martin the Vth. chosen Pope The Canaries conquered Henry the Vth of England invades France Catherine Queen of Castile dies John King of Castile govern'd by the Archbishop of Toledo Marriages of Princes 1419. Nobility of Castile raise Tumults King John's Character D. Alvaro de Luna the great Favourite 1420. K. John of Castile under restraint Prodigles Discoveries by Henry Infante of Portugal Alonso K. of Aragon adopted Heir of Naples K. John of Castile makes his escape 1421. Prince Henry in open Rebellion Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 1422. Prince Henry imprison'd Alvaro de Luna made an Earl Government of Toledo altered Also at Pamplona Gaston Heir of Navarre born 1423. Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal Troubles of Naples K. Alonso of Aragon besieges the Queen of Naples in her Palace Luis Duke of Anjou adopted Heir of Naples Joseph K. of Granada dies Benedict the pretended Pope dies Alonso K. of Aragon supports an Antipope Marseilles taken