reason of the exceeding great weat that fell in that season they could not kéepe on their iournie into Douglasdale and to Aire as they had appointed but hauing remained in Scotland twelue daies they returned altogither vnto Carleill Edward Balioll was not with them in this iournie but remained still in England The Scots in reuenge hereof made diuerse rodes into England withdrawing still with their prey and booties before the English power could assemble to giue them battell About Alhallontide the Scots besieged the castell of Edenburgh but the bishop of Carleill the lord Randoll Dacres of Gillesland with the power of the counties of Cumberland and of Westmerland and the king of Scots Edward Balioll with the lord Anthonie Lucie and such companie as they brought from Berwike meeting at Rockesburgh marched foorth vnto Edenburgh and chasing the Scots from the siege tooke order for the safe keeping of the castell from thencefoorth and returned into England In this meane time things happened so well to the purpose of king Edward that by practise he alienated the hearts of the Flemings from the obedience of their earle being altogither an earnest fréend to the French king He therefore vnderstanding the minds of his people sought to winne them by some gentle treatie and so did euen at the first concluding an agréement with them of Gaunt which were fullie at a point to haue entred into league with the king of England as with him whose fréendship by reason of the traffike of merchandize and namelie of the English wools they knew to be more necessarie for their countrie than the French kings Although by the helpe of the bishop of Tournie the earle of Flanders caused them to staie from concluding or ioining in anie such bonds of amitie with the king of England for that time yet he doubted the arriuall of some power out of England and therevpon appointed his bastard brother Guie of Rijâ—kenburgh and certeine other noble men and capteins with a crue of men of warre to lie in the I le of Cadsant to defend the passage there and to see that no English ships should come or go that waie by the seas whereof the king of England being aduertised sent thither the earle of Derbie the lord Lewes Beauchampe the lord Reginald Cobham also the lord William sonne to the earle of Warwike the lord Walter de Mannie an Hanneuier and other lords knights and capteins with a power of fiue hundred men of armes and two thousand archers the which comming to the foresaid I le of Cadsant line 10 found the Flemings about fiue thousand in number readie arranged on the towne dikes and sands in purpose to defend the entrie which they did a certeine space right valiantlie but in the end they were discomfited and three thousand of them slaine in the stréets hauen and houses Sir Guie the bastard of Flanders was taken with diuerse other knights and gentlemen the towne was burnt and the goods with the prisoners were carried into England This chanced on a sundaie the daie before the feast of saint line 20 Martine in Nouember Where the lord Walter de Mannie might haue had 11 thousand pounds sterling for the ransome of the said sir Guie and other prisoners the king bought them of him in the fouretéenth yeare of his reigne for eight thousand pounds sterling as by records in the tower it appeareth About the feast of saint Martine in winter there came vnto London two cardinals sent by the pope to treat for a peace betwixt the kings of England and France ¶ The archbishop of Canturburie with line 30 the bishops of Winchester Elie Chichester Couentrie the coÌ„moners of the citie of London met them on Shooters hill The duke of Cornewall with the earle of Surrie and manie other of the nobilitie receiued them a mile without the citie The king himselfe receiued them at the lesser hall doore of his palace at Westminster and brought them into the painted chamber where they declared their message wherevpon the king caused a parlement to be summoned at London to begin the morrow after Candlemasse line 40 day The king held his Christmasse at Gildford and within the octaues of the same feast he tooke his iournie towards Scotland year 1339 or rather as other haue he sent thither the earles of Salisburie Glocester Derbie and Anegos with three barons the lords Percie Neuill and Stafford the which with twentie thousand men besieged the castell of Dunbar This siege began euen in the beginning of the twelfth yeare of king Edwards reigne and continued for the space of nineteene wéeks with small gaine line 50 and lesse honour to the Englishmen in so much that the same brake vp vnder a colour of a truce when there was no hope of winning the place and that the noble men that laie there at siege hasted to make an end that they might attend the king in his iournie ouer into Brabant The morrow after Candlemasse day the parlement began in which there was a grant made to the king by the laitie of the one halfe of their woolles through the whole realme for the next summer which he receiued and likewise he leuied of the line 60 cleargie the whole causing them to paie nine marks of euerie sacke of the best wooll But after the rate of the one halfe he tooke in whose hands so euer it was found aswell merchants as others After this he tooke a fiftéenth of all the communaltie of his realme in wooll the price of euerie stone conteining fouretéene pounds rated at two shillings The one and twentith of March the two cardinals tooke the sea at Douer and in their companie went ouer the archbishop of Canturburie and the bishop of Durham to treat of a peace if by any good means the two kings might be made fréends But as it appeared their trauell was in vaine for although they abode togither for a time on the frontiers dooing their best indeuor yet their trauell nothing auailed as by that which followeth is most manifest The Flemings that fauoured king Edward were put in such comfort by the late victorie obteined by the Englishmen in the I le of Cadsant that falling to their former practise one Iaques or Iacob â—an Arteueld an hommaker of the towne of Gant was chosen amongst them to be as it were the defender of the people and namelie of the weauerâ— and other clothworkers Finallie his authoritie grew so hugelie amongst all the whole number of the commons in Flanders that he might doo moâ—e with them than their earle and yet the earle to reconcile the people to his fauour ceassed not to vse all courteous means towards them that he could deuise as releasing customes and duties of monie pardoning offenses forfeitures and other such like but all would not auaile him The king of England had so woon them by the meanes of the said
but the archers of England sore galled the Scots so that there was an hard battell They began at nine of the clocke and continued still in fight till noone The Scots had sharpe and heauie axes gaue with the same great and mightie strokes howbeit finallie the Englishmen by the helpe of God obteined the victorie although they lost manie of their men There were diuerse line 10 of the nobles of Scotland slaine to the number of seuen earles beside lords The king was taken in the field sore wounded for he fought valiantlie He was prisoner to an esquier of Northumberland who as soone as he had taken him rode out of the field with him accompanied onelie with eight of his seruants and rested not till he came to his owne castell where he dwelled being thirtie miles distant from the place of the battell There was taken also beside him the earles of line 20 Fife Sutherland Wighton and Menteth the lord William Douglas the lord Uescie the archbishop of S. Andrewes and another bishop with sir Thomelin Foukes and diuerse other men of name There were slaine of one and other to the number of 15 thousand This battell was fought beside the citie of Durham at a place called Neuils crosse vpon a saturdaie next after the feast of saint Michaell in the yeare of our Lord 1346. Of this ouerthrow Christopher Okland hath verie commendablie written saieng line 30 haud omine dextro Iam Scotus intulerat vim Dunelmensibus agris Cùm formidandum saeuus bellum instruit Anglus Aggreditúrque hostem violantem foedera sacra Nominis incerti Scoticae plebs obuia gentis Sternitur tristi gladio cadit impia turba Frustrà obluctantur Scotiae comitésque ducésque Quorum pars iacet occumbens pars caetera capta Captiuum corpus dedit vincentibus auro Et pacto pretio redimendum bellicus vtmos line 40 Postulat At Dauid Scotiae rex captus ad vrbem Londinum fidei pendens dignissima fractae Supplicia adductus celebri concluditur arce Exiguus numerus volucri pede fisus equorum Effugit in patriam testis certissimus Anglos Deuicissesuos tristia funera narrant ¶ He that will sée more of this battell may find the same also set foorth in the Scotish historie as their writers haue written thereof And for somuch as by the circumstances of their writings it should séeme line 50 they kept the remembrance of the same battell perfectlie registred we haue in this place onelie shewed what other writers haue recorded of that matter and left that which the Scotish chronicles write to be seene in the life of king Dauid without much abridging therof The Englishmen after this victorie thus obteined tooke the castels of Roxburgh and Hermitage and also without any resistance subdued the countries of Anandale Galloway Mers Tiuidale and Ethrike forrest extending their marches line 60 foorth at that time vnto Cokburnes Peth and Sowtray hedge and after vnto Trarlinlips and crosse Caue The queene of England being certeinelie informed that the king of Scots was taken that Iohn Copland had conueied him out of the field no man vnderstood to what place she incontinentlie wrote to him commanding him foorthwith to bring his prisoner king Dauid vnto hir presence but Iohn Copland wrote to hir againe for a determinate answer that he would not deliuer his prisoner the said king Dauid vnto any person liuing man or woman except onelie to the king of England his souereigne lord and master Herevpon the quéene wrote letters to the king signifieng to him both of the happie victorie chanced to his people against the Scots and also of the demeanor of Iohn Copland in deteining the Scotish king King Edward immediatlie by letters commanded Iohn Copland to repaire vnto him where he laie at siege before Calis which with all conuenient spéed he did and there so excused himselfe of that which the queene had found hirselfe greeued with him for deteining the king of Scots from hir that the king did not onelie pardon him but also gaue to him fiue hundred pounds sterling of yearelie rent to him to his heires for euer in reward of his good seruice and valiant prowes and made him esquire for his bodie commanding him yet vpon his returne into England to deliuer king Dauid vnto the queene which he did and so excused himselfe also vnto hir that she was therewith satisfied and contented Then the quéene after she had taken order for the safe kéeping of the king of Scots and good gouernement of the realme tooke the sea and sailed ouer to the king hir husband still lieng before Calis Whilest Calis was thus besieged by the king of England the Flemings which had latelie before besieged Betwine and had raised from thence about the same time that the battell was fought at Cressie now assemble togither againe and dooing what damage they might against the Frenchmen on the borders they laie siege vnto the towne of Aire Moreouer they wrought so for the king of England earnestlie requiring their fréendship in that behalfe that their souereigne lord Lewes earle of Flanders being as then about fifteene yeares of age fianced the ladie Isabell daughter to the king of England more by constraint indeed of his subiects than for any good will he bare to the king of England for he would often saie and openlie protest that he would neuer marrie hir whose father had slaine his but there was no remedie for the Flemings kept him in maner as a prisoner till he granted to follow their aduise But the same weeke that the mariage was appointed to be solemnized the earle as he was abroad in hawking at the hearon stale awaie and fled into France not staieng to ride his horsse vpon the spurs till he came into Arthois and so dishonorablie disappointed both the king of England and his owne naturall subiects the Flemings to their high displeasure While the king laie thus before Calis diuerse lords and knights came to sée him out of Flanders Brabant Heinault and Almaigne Amongst other came the lord Robert of Namur and was reteined with the king as his seruant the king giuing him thrée hundred pounds sterling of yearelie pension out of his coffers to be paid at Bruges During the time that the siege thus continued before Calis the lord Charles de Blois that named himselfe duke of Britaine was taken before a castell in Britaine called la Roch Darien and his armie discomfited chéeflie by the aid of that valiant English knight sir Thomas Dagworth who had beene sent from the siege of Calis by king Edward to assist the countesse of Montfort and other his fréends against the said Charles de Blois that with a gret armie of Frenchmen and Britains had the same time besieged the said castell of Roch Darien cōstreining them within in such forceable maner that they stood in great néed of
abiding there onelie for that dutie He paied also the debts of all such persons as laie in the counters or Ludgate for fourtie shillings vnder and some he reléeued that were condemned in ten pounds Hervpon were processions generallie vsed euerie daie in euerie citie and parish to praie to almightie God for his restoring to health and long line 30 continuance of the same Neuerthelesse he was so 〈◊〉 with his long maladie that nature could no 〈…〉 his life and so he departed out of this 〈◊〉 two and twentith of Aprill in his palace of 〈…〉 in the yéere of our Lord 1509. His corpse 〈◊〉 conueied with all funerall pompe to Westâ—â—â—â—tâ—r and there buried by the good queene his wife 〈◊〉 sumptuous chapell which he not long before had 〈◊〉 to be builded Hâ— reigned thrée and twentie yeares and more line 40 than seuen moneths and liued two and fiftie yeares He had by his quéene Elizabeth foure sonnes and foure daughters of the which thrée remained aliue behind him Henrie his second son prince of Wales which after him was king Margaret quéene of Scots and the ladie Marie promised to Charles king of Castile He was a man of bodie but leane and spare albeit mightie and strong therewith of personage and stature somewhat higher than the meane sort of men of a woonderfull beautie and faire complexion line 50 of countenance merie and smiling especiallie in his communication his eies graie his téeth single and haire thin of wit in all things quicke and prompt of a princelie stomach and hautie courage In great perils doubtfull affaires and matters of importance supernaturall and in maner diuine for he ordered all his dooings aduisedlie and with great deliberation Besides this he was sober moderate honest courteous bountious and so much abhorring pride and line 60 arrogancie that he was euer sharpe and quicke to them that were noted with that fault He was also an indifferent and vpright iusticer by the which one thing he allured to him the hearts of manie people and yet to this seueritie of his he ioined a certeine mercifull pitie which he did extend to those that had offended the penall lawes and were put to their fines by his iustices He did vse his rigour onelie as he said himselfe to dant bring low and abate the high minds and stout stomachs of the wealthie and wild people nourished vp in seditious factions and ciuill rebellions rather than for the gréedie desire of monie although such as were scourged with amerâ—iaments cried out and said it was rather for the respect of gaine than for anie politike prouision Indéed he left his coffers well stuffed for he was no wastfull consumer of his riches by anie inordinat meanes To conclude he had asmuch in him of gifts both of bodie mind and fortune as was possible for anie potentate or king to haue His politike wisedome in gouernance was singular his wit alwaie quicke and readie his reason pithie and substantiall his memorie fresh and holding his experience notable his counsels fortunate and taken by wise deliberation his spéech gratious in diuerse languages his person as before ye haue heard right comelie his naturall complexion of the purest mixture leagues and confederations he had with all christian princes His mightie power was dread euerie where not onelie within his realme but without Also his people were to him in as humble subiection as euer they were to king his land manie a daie in peace and tranquillitie his prosperitie in battell against his enimies was maruellous his dealing in time of perils and dangers was cold and sober with great hardinesse If anie treason were conspired against him it came out wonderfullie His buildings most goodlie and after the newest cast all of pleasure And so this king liuing all his time in fortunes fauour in high honour wealth and glorie for his noble acts and prudent policies is woorthie to be registred in the booke of fame least time the consumer of all worthie things should blot out the memorie of his name here in earth whose soule we trust liueth in heauen enioieng the fruition of the godhead those pleasures prepared for the faithfull In memorie of whome his manifold vertues with the fortunat successe of his affaires and the gratious descent of his loines as they procured a famous report in nations farre and néere so haue some at the contemplation of his princelinesse and euerie waie crowned with felicitie made memorials of his magnificence to the immortalitie of his high praise and vnblemishable renowme among whome for the truth of the report iustifiable by the contents of this historie one commeth to mind which may well serue for an epitaph Septimus Henricus factis est nomen adeptus Praeclarum claris ventura in secula famae Ciuibus ille suis fuerat charissimus hostes Omnes iure ipsum metuebant numinis almi Relligiosus erat cultor pieâ—atis aequi Versutos hominésque malos vehementiùs odit Viginti totos charus trésque ampliùs annos Regibus externis in summo vixit honore Magnanimus iustus rex prudens atque modestus Henrico haeredi moriens sua regna reliquit Diuitiásque immensum argenti pondus auri ¶ The altar and sepulture of the same king Henrie the seuenth wherein he now resteth in his new chappell at Westminster was made and finished in the yeare of our Lord 1519 by one Peter T. a painter of the citie of Florence for the which he receiued one thousand pounds sterling for the whole stuffe and workemanship at the hands of the kings executors Richard bishop of Winchester Richard Fitz Iames bishop of London Thomas bishop of Duresme Iohn bishop of Rochester Thomas duke of Norffolke treasuror of England Edward earle of Worcester the king chamberleine Iohn F. knight chiefe iustice of the kings Bench Robert R. knight chiefe iustice of the common plees c. Of learned men that liued in this kings daies as maister Bale noteth them these are recorded First George Rippeleie a Carmelite frier at Boston seene in the mathematikes he wrote diuerse treatises and after his decease was accounted a nekromancer Iohn Erghom borne in Yorke a blacke â—rier a doctor of diuinitie professed in Oxford studious of prophesies as by the title of the works which he wrote it may appeare Iohn Persiuall a Chartreux monke Thomas Maillorie a Welshman borne he wrote I wote not what of king Arthur and of the round table Iohn Rousse borne in Warwikeshire a diligent searcher of antiquities whervpon few libraries were any where to be seene in England and Wales where he made not search for the same and wrote sundrie treatises of historicall arguments He deceassed at line 10 Warwike the fourtéenth of Ianuarie in the yeare 1491 and was buried in our ladie church there Thomas Scroope otherwise surnamed Bradleie descended of the noble familie of the Scroops professed sundrie kinds of religions as that of the order of saint Benet and
deliuerie thereof to pope Innocent and herewith did homage to the same pope in forme as followeth The words of fealtie made by king Iohn to the pope EGâ— Iohannes Dei gratia rex Angliae dominus Hyberniae ab hac hora line 60 in antea fidelis ero Deo beato Petro ecclesiae Romanae domino meo papae domino Innocentio eiúsque successoribus catholicè intrantibus Non ero in facto in dicto consensu vel consilio vt vitam perdant vel membra vel mala captione capiantur Eorum damnum si sciuero impediam remanere faciam sipotero alioquin eis quà m citiùs potero intimabo vel tali personae dicam quà m eis credaâ— pro certo dicturam Consilium quod mihi crediderint per se vel per nuncios suos seu literas suas secretum tenebo ad eorum damnum nulli pandâ—â— me sciente Patrimonium beati Petri specialiterregnum Angliae regnum Hyberniae adiutor ero ad tenendum defendendum contra omnes homines pro posse meo Sic me adiuuet Deus haec sancta euangelia Amen Act a autem sunt haec vt praedictum est in vigilia dominicae Ascensionis ad Doueram Anno 1213. An English thus IOhn by the grace of God king of England and lord of Ireland from this houre forward shall be faithfull to God and to saint Peter and to the church of Rome and to my lord pope Innocentius and to his successours lawfully entring I shall not be in word nor deed in consent or counsell that they should lose life or member or be apprehended in euill manner Their losse if I may know it I shall impeach and staie so far as I shal be able or else so shortlie as I can I shall signifie vnto them or declare to such person the which I shall beleeue will declare the same vnto them The counsell which they shal commit to me by themselues their messengers or letters I shall keepe secret and not vtter to any man to their hurt to my knowledge The patrimonie of S. Peter and speciallie the kingdomes of England and Ireland I shall indeuour my selfe to defend against all men to my power So helpe me God and these holie euangelists Amen These things were done on the eeue of the Ascension of our Lord in the yeare 1213. Pandulph hauing thus reconciled king Iohn thought not good to release the excommunication till the king had performed all things which he had promised and so with all speed hauing receiued eight thousand markes sterling in part of restitution to be made to the archbishop and the other banished men he sailed backe into France came to Roan where he declared to king Philip the effect of his trauell and what he had doone in England But king Philip hauing in this meane while consumed a great masse of monie to the summe of sixtie thousand pounds as he himselfe alledged about the furniture of his iournie which he intended to haue made into England vpon hope to haue had no small and within the realme by reason of such bishops and other banished men as he had in France with him was much offended for the reconciliation of king Iohn and determined not so to breake off his enterprise least it might be imputed to him for a great reproch to haue beene at such charges and great expenses in vaine Therefore calling his councell togither he declared vnto them what he purposed to doo All his Nobles in like manner held with him and allowed his purpose to be verie good and requisite except the earle of Flanders named Ferdinando who in hope to recouer againe those townes which the French king held from him in Arthois as Aire and S. Omers had ioined secretlie in league with king Iohn and with the earle of Bullongne and therefore misliked the conclusion of their aduise Howbeit king Philip not being yet fullie certified hereof caused his nauie to draw alongest the coast towards Flanders whither he himselfe hasted to go also by land that comming thither he might from thence saile ouer into England and take land at a place to him assigned Now it came to passe that at his comming to Graueling he had perfect knowledge that the earle of Flanders was ioined in league with his enimies wherfore he determined first to subdue the earle least whilest he should be out of his realme some great trouble or sedition might rise within his owne dominions Therfore leaning the enterprise which he ment to haue made against England he turned his power against the earle of Flanders and first commanded his nauie to saile vnto the port of Dam whilest he himselfe keeping on his iournie still by land tooke the towne of Cassile and likewise Ypres From thence he went to Bruges and besieged the towne but he could not win it at the first and therefore leauing a power of men to mainteine the siege before line 10 it he himselfe went to Gaunt and thereto also laid his siege In the meane time the earle of Flanders perceiuing that he was not able to resist so puissant an enimie as the French king sent ouer in hast vnto the king of England for aid Wherevpon king Iohn vnderstanding that his aduersarie king Philip had turned all his force against the earle of Flanders and that thereby he was deliuered out of the feare of the Frenchmens comming into England that line 20 same nauie which as before is recited he had put in a readinesse conteining the number of fiue hundred saile he sent streight into Flanders with a strong armie both of horssemen and footmen vnder the guiding of William duke of Holland William Longspée earle of Salisburie base brother to king Iohn and Reignold earle of Bullongne These capteins being now passed foorth with their fléets into the maine sea espied anon manie ships lieng without the hauen of Dam for the number of line 30 ships of the French fléet was so great that the hauen could not receiue them all so that manie of them laie at anchor without the hauen mouth and all alongst the coast Wherefore they sent foorth certeine shallops to espie whether they were freends or enimies and what their number and order was It chanced that the same time the men of warre which were appointed to kéepe the French fleet were gone foorth togither with a great number of the mariners to line 40 spoile and fetch booties abroad in the countrie The English espials therefore making semblance as though they had beene some fishermen of those parts came verie neere the French ships lieng at anchor and perceiuing them to be vnfurnished of people necessarie to defend them came backe to their companie and declared what they had séene certifieng their capteins that the victorie was in their hands if they would make speed The capteins glad of these newes commanded their men to make them readie to giue battell and causing their
Morgan hauing them of Southwals at his commandement expelled and droue the earle line 60 of Glocester out of his countrie of Glamorgan which earle had before time disherited the ancestors of the same Morgan The king therefore to represse the Welshmens attempts called backe his brother Edmund earle of Lancaster and the earle of Lincolne being readie to haue sailed ouer into Gascoine the which earles as they approched néere vnto the castell of Denbigh vpon saint Martins day the Welshmen with great force incountred them and giuing them battell droue them backe and discomfited their people Polydor iudgeth that this ouerthrow happened to the Englishmen the rather for that the armie was hired with such monie as had béene wrongfullie taken out of the abbeis and other holie places howbeit it is but his opinion onelie The king kept his Christmasse at Aberâ—onwey in Wales and hearing that the new archbishop of Canturburie doctor Robert Winchelsey being returned from Rome where of pope Celestine he had receiued his pall was comming towards him he sent one of his chapleines named Iohn Berwike with a power of souldiers to conduct him safelie vnto his presence And after the archbishop had doone his fealtie to the king accordinglie as of dutie and custome he was bound he was licenced to returne with great honour shewed vnto him at the kings hands Upon the day of the circumcision of our Lord was the citie of Baion rendred vnto the lord Iohn saint Iohn the which the day before had beene taken by the mariners by force of assault Manie of the citizens which were knowne to be cheefe enimies vnto the king of England were apprehended and sent into England The castell was then besieged and after eight daies taken The lord of Aspermont with diuerse others that held it were committed to prison There were also taken two gallies which the French king had caused to be made and appointed to be remaining there vpon defense of that citie Shortlie after the towne of saint Iohn de Sordes was deliuered vnto the Englishmen who wan manie other townes and fortresses some by surrender of their owne accord and some by force and violence The English armie greatlie increased within a while after the deceit of the Frenchmen once appeared for the Gascoins returned vnto the English obedience in such wise that foure thousand footmen and two hundred horsemen came to aid the English capteins In the meane time the king of England passing ouer the riuer of Conwey with part of his armie to go further into Wales towards Snowdon lost manie carts and other cariages which were taken by the Welshmen being loden with the prouisions of vittels so that he with his people indured great penurie and was constreined to drinke water mixt with honie and eat such course bread and salt flesh as he could get till the other part of the armie came vnto him There was a small quantitie of wine amongst them which they would haue reserued onelie for the king therfore refused to tast therof But least they should repine at his extraordinarie and seuerall fare and so by conceits of discontentment for not hauing the like he considered in a sympathie that Quae mala cum multis patimur leuiora videntur saieng that in time of necessitie all things ought to be common and all men to be contented with like diet For as touching him being the cause and procurer of their want he would not be preferred before any of them in his meats and drinks The Welshmen compassed him about in hope to distresse him for that the water was so risen that the residue of his armie could not get to him But shortlie after when the water fell they came ouer to his aid and therewith the aduersaries fled The earle of Warwike hearing that a great number of Welshmen was assembled togither and lodged in a vallie betwixt two woods he chose out a number of horssemen with certeine crossebowes and archers and comming vpon the Welshmen in the night compassed them round about the which pitching the ends of their speares in the ground and turning the points against their enimies stood at defense so to keepe off the horssemen But the earle hauing placed his battell so that euer betwixt two horssemen there stood a crosbow a great part of the Welshmen which stood at defense in maner aforesaid with their speares were ouerthrowne and broken with the shot of the quarels and then the earle charged the residue with a troope of horssmen and bare them downe with such slaughter as they had not susteined the like losse of people as was thought at anie one time before In the meane while king Edward to restreine the rebellious attempts of those Welshmen caused the woods of Wales to be cut downe wherein before time the Welshmen were accustomed to hide themselues in time of danger He also repared the castels and holds in that countrie and builded some new as the citie and castell of Bewmarise with other so that line 10 the Welshmen constreined through hunger and famine were inforced within a while to come to the kings peace Also at length about the feast of saint Laurence the Welshman Madoc that tooke himselfe for prince of Wales was taken prisoner and being brought to London was committed to perpetuall prison ¶ By some writers it should appeare that Madoc was not taken but rather after manie aduentures sundrie conflicts when the Welshmen were brought to an issue of great extremitie line 20 the said Madoc came in and submitted himselfe to the kings peace and was receiued vpon condition that he should pursue Morgan till he had taken him and brought him to the kings prison which was doone and so all things in those parts were set in rest and peace and manie hostages of the chéefest amongst the Welsh nobilitie were deliuered to the king who sent them to diuerse castels in England where they were safelie kept almost to the end of the warres that followed with Scotland line 30 About the same time Charles de Ualois brother to the French king being sent with an armie into Gascoine and comming vpon the sudden found the Englishmen wandering abroad in the countrie out of order by reason whereof taking them at that aduantage he caused them to leaue their booties behind them slue part of them and chased the residue the which fled to their ships or to such hauen townes as were in their possession The capteins of the Englishmen as Iohn de Britaine earle of Richmond and line 40 the lord Iohn saint Iohn after they had got togither their souldiers which had béene thus chased sent two bands vnto Pontesey to defend that towne against the enimies also other two bands vnto saint Seuere and they themselues went to Rion to fortifie that place Charles de Ualois aduertised hereof thought he would not giue them long respit to make
couenant and recouering it from the French cleerelie reduced it to line 40 the English dominion Moreouer sir Iohn Oturum sir Nicholas Kiriell and sir Iohn Felton admerals by the kings appointment with the fléets of the east south and west parts went to the sea to apprehend such Frenchmen as they might méet withall They according to their commission bestirred themselues so that within few daies they tooke six score saile of Normans and brought them into England wherevpon the displeasure sore increased betwixt the line 50 two realmes The king of England stood not onelie in doubt of the Frenchmen but more of his owne people that remained in France least they thorough helpe of the French should inuade the land and therefore he commanded the hauens and ports to be suerlie watched lest some sudden inuasion might happilie be attempted for it was well vnderstood that the queene meant not to returne till she might bring with hir the lord Mortimer and the other banished men who in no line 60 wise could obteine anie fauour at the kings hands so long as the Spensers bare rule ¶ The pope lamenting this matter sent two bishops into England to reconcile the king and quéene and also to agree the two kings These bishops were reuerentlie receiued but more than reuerence here they obteined not and so departed as they came King Edward vnderstanding all the quéenes drift at length sought the French kings fauour and did so much by letters and promise of bribes with him and his councell that queene Isabell was destitute in manner of all helpe there so that she was glad to withdraw into Heinault by the comfort of Iohn the lord Beaumont the earle of Heinault his brother who being then in the court of France and lamenting queene Isabels case imagined with himselfe of â—ome marriage that might be had betwixt the yoong prince of Wales and some of the daughters of his brother the earle of Heinault and therevpon required hir to go into Heinault and he would be glad to attend hir She gladlie consenting hereto went thither with him where she was most ioifullie receiued with hir sonne and all other of hir traine The Spensers some write procured hir banishment out of France and that she was aduised by the earle of Arthois chéefelie to repaire into Heinault Also I find that the Spensers deliuered fiue barrels of siluer the summe amounting vnto fiue thousand marks vnto one Arnold of Spaine a broker appointing him to conueie it ouer into France to bestowe it vpon such freends as they had there of the French kings counsell by whose means the king of France did banish his sister out of his relme But this monie was met with vpon the sea by certeine Zelanders and taken togither with the said Arnold and presented to the earle of Heinault vnder whose dominion the Zelanders in those daies remained of which good hap the earle and queene Isabell greatlie reioised In the time that the quéene and hir sonne laie in the court of the earle of Heinault a marriage was concluded betwixt the prince of Wales and the ladie Philip daughter to the said earle vpon certeine conditions whereof one was that the said erle should at his proper costs set ouer into England the said prince of Wales with a crue of foure hundred men of armes But whether there was any such mariage as then concluded and that in consideration thereof the earle of Heinault aided quéene Isabell and hir sonne it may be doubted bicause other writers make no such report Neuerthelesse certeine it is that the earls brother sir Iohn de Heinault lord Beaumont was appointed with certeine bands of men of arms to the number of foure hundred or fiue hundred to passe ouer with the said quéene and hir sonne into England and so therevpon began to make his purueiance for that iournie which thing when it came to the knowledge of king Edward and the Spensers they caused musters to be taken through the realme and ordeined beacons to be set vp kept and watched as well in the vallies by the sea side as within the countries vpon hilles and high grounds that the same vpon occasion of the enimies arriuall might be set on fire to warne the countries adioining to assemble and resist them But quéene Isabell and hir sonne with such others as were with hir in Heinault staied not their iournie for doubt of all their aduersaries prouision but immediatlie after that they had once made their purueiances and were readie to depart they tooke the sea namelie the queene hir sonne Edmund of Wodstoke earle of Kent sir Iohn de Heinault aforesaid and the lord Roger Mortimer of Wigmore a man of good experience in the warres and diuerse others hauing with them a small companie of Englishmen with a crue of Heinewiers and Almains to the number of 2757 armed men the which sailing foorth towards England landed at length in Suffolke at an hauen called Orwell besides Harwich the 25 daie of September Immediatlie after that the queene and hir sonne were come to land it was woonder to sée how fast the people resorted vnto them and first of all the earle Marshall in whose lâ—nds she first came on shore repaired vnto hir so did the earle of Leicester and diuerse barons knights of those parts with all the prelats in manner of the land as the bishops of Lincolne Hereford Dubline and Elie the which being ioined with the queene made a great armie The archbishop of Canturburie and others aided hir with monie After that she had refreshed hir people a little space at saint Edmundsburie she marched foorth to seeke the aduersaries of hir and of the realme as she bruted it but they still kéeping themselues néere to the kings person that vnder the shadow of the wings of his protection they might remaine in more safegard durst not depart from his presence At the time of the queenes landing he was at London and being sore amazed with the newes he required aid of line 10 the Londoners They answered that they would doo all the honour they might vnto the king the queene and to their sonne the lawfull heire of the land but as for strangers traitors to the realme they would kéepe them out of their gates and resist them with all their forces but to go foorth of the citie further than that they might returne before sunne-setting they refused pretending certeine liberties in that behalfe to them granted in times past as they alledged The king not greatlie liking of this answer fortified line 20 the tower and leauing within it his yoonger son Iohn of Eltham and the wife of the lord chamberleine Hugh Spenser the yoonger that was his neece he departed towards the marches of Wales there to raise an armie against the queene Before his departure from London he set foorth a proclamation that euerie man vnder paine of forfeiting of life
battell the next day being fridaie or else on saturdaie following at the Frenchmens choice but the constable of France and his companie continuing in their first offer refused both line 50 those daies Then the English lords accepted the daie by them assigned with condition that if they brought not king Edward to giue battell that day they would yeeld themselues prisoners so that the Frenchmen would likewise vndertake for their king The constable hauing no answer readie staied a while and after flatlie refused to make any such couenant Finallie when the English lords perceiued their aduersaries not to meane battell as their words at the first pretended line 60 they brake off and both parties returned home The king of England staied till the tuesdaie and paid the strangers their wages and so came backe into England On the sixt of Nouember whilest the king was thus abroad in Picardie the Scots verie earlie in the morning of that daie came priuilie to Berwike entred by stealth into the towne and sleâ—ing three or foure Englishmen tooke it with all the goods and persons within it those excepted which got to the castell In a parlement summoned this yeare the mondaie after the feast of saint Edmund the king the lords and commons granted to king Edward fiftie shillings of euerie sacke of wooll that should be caried ouer the sea for the space of six yeares next insuing By this grant it was thought that the king might dispend a thousand markes sterling a day such vent of wools had the English merchants in that season ¶ The parlement being ended the king about S. Andrews tide set forward towards Scotland and held his Christmasse at Newcastell About which time by letters sent from the prince the king was aduertised of his proceedings after his arriuall in Gascoigne where being ioifullie receiued of the nobles and other the people of that countrie as before yée haue heard he declared to them the cause of his thither comming and tooke aduise with them how to procéed in his businesse and so about the tenth of October he set forward to passe against his enimies first entring into a countrie called Iuliake which togither with the fortresses yeelded to him without anie great resistance Then he rode through the countie Armignac wasting and spoiling the countrie and so passed through the lands of the vicounts de la Riuiere and after entered into the countie de l'Estrac and passing through the same came to the countie of Commiges finding the towne of S. Matain void being a good towne one of the best in that countrie After this he passed by the land of the earle of Lisle till he came within a league of Tholouse where the earle of Armignac being the French kings lieutenant in those parts and other great lords and nobles were assembled The prince with his armie tarried there two daies and after passed ouer the riuer of Garonne and after ouer an other riuer the reabouts a league aboue Tholouse lodging that night a league on the other side of Tholouse and so they passed thorough Tholouse dailie taking townes castels wherein they found great riches for the countrie was verie plentifull Upon Alhallowes éeuen they came to castell Naudarie and from thence they tooke the waie to Carcasson into the which a great number of men of armes and commons were withdrawne But vpon the approch of the Englishmen they slipt awaie and got them to a strong castell that stood néere at hand The third day after the Englishmen burnt the towne and passing forth trauersed all the countrie of Carcassonoâ—s till they came to the towne of Narbonne The people there were fled into the castell in which the vicount of Narbonne was inclosed with fiue hundred men of arms The prince staied there two daies The pope sent two bishops towards the prince to treat with him of peace but bicause the prince would not hearken to anie treatie without commission from his father they could not get anie safe conduct to approch néerer The prince hauing aduertisments heere that his enimies were assembled and followed him he turned backe to meet them but they had no will to abide him for although the earle of Armignac the constable of France the marshall Cleremont and the prince of Orange with diuerse other néere to Tholouse made some shew to impeach the prince his passage yet in the end they withdrew not without some losse for the lord Bartholomew de Burwasch alias Burghersch sir Iohn Chandois the lord Iames Audeley and sir Thomas Felton being sent foorth to view them skirmished with two hundred of their men of armes and tooke of them fiue and thirtie After this they had no mind to abide the English power but still shranke awaie as the prince was readie to follow them and so he perceiuing that the Frenchmen would not giue him battell he withdrew towards Burdeaux after he had spent eight weekes in that his iournie and so comming thither he wintetered there whilest his capteins in the meane time tooke diuerse townes and castels abroad in the countrie ¶ And now to the end yee may haue more plaine information of the princes dooings in those parties I haue thought good to make you partakers of a letter or two written by sir Iohn Winkefield knight attendant on the prince there in Gascoigne The copie of sir Iohn Winkefields letters MY lord as touching the newes in these parts may it please you to line 10 vnderstand that all the earles barons baronets knights and esquiers were in helth at the making hereof and my lord hath not lost either knight or esquier in this voiage except the lord Iohn Lisle who was slaine after a strange manner with a quarrell the third day after we were entered into our enimies countries he died the fiftenth of October And please line 20 it you to vnderstand that my lord hath ridden through the countrie of Arminac and hath taken many fensed townes and burnt and destroied them except certeine which he hath fortified After this he marched into the vicountie of Rouergne where he tooke a good towne named Pleasance the chiefest towne of that countrie which he hath burnt and destroied with the countrie line 30 round about the same This doone he went into the countie d'Astrike wherin he tooke manie townes wasted and destroied all the countrie After this he entred into the countie of Cominge and tooke manie townes there which he caused to be destroied burnt togither with all the countrie abroad He tooke also the towne of S. Matan which is the cheefest towne of that countrie being as large in compasse as line 40 Norwich Afterward he entered into the countie of Lisle and tooke the most part of the fensed townes therin causing diuerse of them to be burnt and destroied as he passed And after entring into the lordship of Tholouse we passed the riuer of Girond and an other a league aboue Tholouse which is verie
great for our enimies had burnt all the line 50 bridges as well on the one side of Tholouse as the other except the bridges with in Tholouse for the riuer runneth through the towne And the constable of France the marshall Cleremont and the earle of Arminac were with a great power within the towne the same time And Tholouse is a great towne strong faire and well walled and there was none in our host line 60 that knew the foord there but yet by the grace and goodnesse of God we found it So then we marched through the seigniorie of Tholouse tooke manie good townes inclosed and burnt and destroied them and all the countrie about Then we entred into the seigniorie of Carcason and we tooke manie good towns before we came to Carcason which towne we also tooke which is greater stronger fairer than Yorke And as well this towne as all other townes in the countrie were burnt and destroied And after we had passed by manie iournies through the countrie of Carcason we came into the seigniorie of Narbon and we tooke manie townes and wasted them till we came to Narbon which towne was holden against vs but it was woone by force and the said towne is little lesse than London and is situat vpon the Greekish sea for that the distance from the said towne vnto the Greekish sea is not past two leagues and there is an hauen and a place to arriue at from whence the water coÌ„meth vp to Narbon And Narbon is not but eleuen leagues distant from Mountpellier eighteene from Eguemortz thirtie from Auignion And may it please you to vnderstand that the holie father sent his messengers to my lord that were not past seuen leagues froÌ„ him and they sent a sergeant at armes that was sergeant at armes attendant on the doore of our holie fathers chamber with their letters to my lord praieng him to haue a safe conduct to come to declare to his highnesse their message from the holie father which was to treat betwixt my L. and his aduersaries of France and the said sergeant was two daies in the host before my lord would see him or receiue his letters And the reason was bicause he had vnderstanding that the power of France was come forth of Tholouse toward Carcason so that my lord was driuen to turne backe towards them suddenlie and so did On the third daie when we should haue come vpon them they had knowlege giuen before day and so retiring got them to the mounteins hasting fast toward Tholouse and the countrie people that were their guides to lead them that waie were taken as they should haue passed the water And bicause the popes sergeant at armes was in my keeping I caused him to examine the guides that were so taken and for that the guide which was thus examined was the constables guide and his countrieman he might well see and know the countenance of the Frenchmen vpon this examining him And I said to the same sergeant that he might well declare to the pope and to all them of Auignion that which he had heard or seene And as touching the answer which my lord made to them that were sent to treat with him you would be well apaid if you vnderstood all the maner for he would not suffer in any wise that they shuld come neerer vnto him But if they came to treat of any matter he would that they should send to the king his father for my lord himselfe would not doo any thing therin except by commandement from my lord his father And of my lords turning backe to follow after his enimies and of the passage of the riuer of Garonne and of the taking of castels and townes in this iournie and of other things which he hath doone against his enimies in pursuit of them in this iournie being things right worthie and honorable as manie know verie well in like maner as sir Richard Stafford sir William Burton can more plainelie declare than I to you can write for it were too much to put in writing And my lord rode thus abroad in the countrie of his enimies eight whole weekes and rested not past eleuen daies in all those places where he came And know it for certeine that since this warre began against the French king he had neuer such losse or destruction as he line 10 hath had in this iournie for the countries and good townes which were wasted at this iournie found to the king of France euerie yeare more to the maintenance of his warre than halfe his realme hath doon beside except the exchange of his monie which he maketh euerie yeare and the aduantage and custome which he taketh of them of Poictou as I can shew you by line 20 good remembrances which were found in diuerse townes in the receiuers houses for Carcason and le Moignes which is as great as Carcason and two other townes in the coasts of Carcason found to the king of France yeerelie wages for a thousand men of armes and beside that 100000 old crowns to mainteine the war And know you that by the remembrances line 30 which we found that the townes in Tholouse which are destroied and the townes in the countrie of Carcason and the towne of Narbonne and Narbonnois did find euerie yeare with the sums aforesaid in aid of his war foure hundred thousand old crownes as the burgesses of the great townes other people of the countrie which ought to know it haue told vs. And so by Gods assistance if my lord had line 40 wherewith to mainteine this warre and to make the kings profit and his owne honor he should well inlarge the English marches and gaine manie faire places for our enimies are greatlie astonied And at the making heereof my lord hath appointed to send all the earles and baronets to abide in certeine places on the marches to make roads and to annoie his enimies line 50 Now my lord at this present I know none other newes to send but you may by your letters command me as yours to my power My right honorable lord God grant you good life ioy and health long to continue Written at Burdeaux the tuesdaie next before Christmasse The tenor of an other letter written by sir Iohn Wingfield directed to sir Richard Stafford line 60 knight who had beene in Gascoigne and there leauing his familie was now returned into England RIght deare sir and right louing freend touching newes after your departure you may vnderstand year 1356 that there be taken and yeelded fiue townes inclosed to wit port saint Marie Cleirac Tonings Burgh saint Pierre Chastiell Sacret or Satrat and Brassake Also seauenteene castels to wit Coiller Buset Lemnake two castels called Boloines which ioine the one neere so the other Mounioy Uâ—resch Frechenet Mountender Pudeschales Mounpoun Montanac Ualeclare Cenamont Leistrake Plassac Cont Destablison and Mounriuell And will it please you to know that my lord Iohn Chandois my lord Iames Audeley
and your men that are with them and the other Gascoignes that are in their companie my lord Baldwine Butetort that companie my lord Reignald Cobham tooke the said towne which is called Chastiell Sacret or Satrat by assault and the bastard of Lisle which was capteine of the said towne was also slaine there as they assaulted it being striken with an arrow thorough the head and my lord Reignold is returned backe toward Languedocke and my lord Baldwin towards Brassacke with their companies and the lords Iohn Iames and those of their companie remaine in Chastiell Satrat and haue vittels plentie of all sorts to serue them between this and Midsummer except fresh fish and cabages as they haue certified vs by letters wherefore yee need not take care for your men And there be in that towne more than three hundred glaiues and three hundred yeomen and a hundred and fiftie archers And they haue rid before Agen and burnt and destroied all their milles and haue burnt and broken downe all their bridges that lie ouer Garon and haue taken a castell without the same towne and haue fortified it And monsieur Iohn Darminake and the seneshall of Agenois which were in the towne of Agen would not once put foorth their head nor anie of their people and yet haue they beene twise before that towne And monsieur Busgaud was come and monsieur Ernald de Spaine and Grimoton de Chambule with three hundred glaiues and three sergeants Lombards and they are in the towne of Muschacke which is in Cressie and it is but a mile from Chastiell Satrat or Sacret and a league from Bressake and yee may well thinke that there will be good companie one with another And further may it please yee to know that monsieur Bartholomew is at Coniake with six score men of armes of my lords house six score archers the capitall de Buche or Beuf the L. Monferrant the L. of Crotonie which haue with them 300 glaiues six score archers and two hundred sergeants beside them which are in Tailbourgh Tanney and Rochford so that when they are togither they may be well six hundred glaiues and at the making heereof they were vpon a iournie towards Aniou and Poictou and the earles of Suffolke Oxford and Salisburie the lord of Museden monsieur Ellis de Pomiers and other Gascoignes with the which are well more then fiue hundred glaiues and two hundred sergeants and three hundred archers and they were at the making hereof toward the parties of Nostredame de Rochemade and haue beene foorth aboue twelue daies and were not returned at the sending of these presents My lord Iohn Chandois my lord Iames and my lord Baldwin and those which be in their companie are also foorth vpon a iournie toward their parties my lord Reinold and those of the houshold with the Gascoigns which be in their companie are also foorth line 10 vpon a iournie towards their parties The earle of Warwike hath beene at Tonings Clerake to take those towns and at the making hereof was gone towards Mermande to destroie their vines and all other things which he can destroie of theirs My lord is at Leiborne and the lord of Pomiers at Fronsak which is but a quarter of a leage from Leiborne and my line 20 lords people lie as well at saint Milion as at Leiborne and monsieur Berard de Bret is there with him and my lord looketh for newes which he should haue and according to the news that he shall haue he will behaue himselfe for as it seemeth he standeth much on his honor At the making hereof the earle of Arminac was at Auignion and the king of Aragon is there also of all other parleis which haue beene line 30 in diuerse places wherof you know I can not certifie you at the making herof Right deere sir other thing I can not send vnto you but that you remember your selfe to send newes to my lord prince as soone as in anie wise you may and so the Lord grant you good life and long Written at Leiborne the 21 of Ianuarie ¶ These letters haue I thought good to make the reader partaker of as I find them in the chronicle of Robert Auesburie to the end ye may perceiue how other writers agrée therewith sith the same letters may serue as a touchstone to trie the truth of the matter And so now I will returne to speake of the kings dooings in the north part where we left him On the fourtéenth of Ianuarie K. Edward hauing his armie lodged néere the towne of Berwike and his nauie readie in the hauen to assaile the Scots line 50 that were within the towne he entered the castell which the Englishmen had in their hands the lord Walter de Mannie being their capteine who had gotten certeine miners thither from the forrest of Deane and other parts of the realme which were busie to make passage vnder the ground by a mine through which the Englishmen might enter into the towne Herevpon when the Scots perceiued in what danger they stood and knew that they could not long defend the towne against him they surrendered it into line 60 his hands without further resistance In the Scotish histories it is recorded that when those which were within the towne of Berwike heard how that an armie of Englishmen came to the succours of the castell they raced the walles and burnt the houses of the towne and so departed with all the spoile which they had gotten there But how soeuer it was king Edward being againe possessed of the towne he set men aworke to repare it and passing foorth to Roxburge there met with him the rightfull king of Scots Edward Balioll who transferred resigned all the right title and interest which he had or might haue to the crowne and realme of Scotland into king Edwards hands which resignatian he confirmed by his letters patents thereof made and giuen vnder his hand and seale dated the 25 of Ianuarie 1356 requiring king Edward to perseuere in pursute of his title to the vttermost King Edward hauing thus receiued the resignation and release of the crowne of Scotland marched foorth with his armie till he came to Hadington burning and destroieng the countrie on ech side round about him as he passed And whilest he laie there abiding for his ships his men of warre were not idle but ranged abroad in the countrie and did all the damage to their enimies that they could deâ—ise At length his armie which he had at the same time on the sea arriued on that coast and landing spoiled a church of our ladie called the White kirke but being returned to their ships there arose such a tempest and vehement north wind that manie of their vessels rushing and beating against the banks and sands were drowned togither with the men that were within them for displeasure whereof king Edward fell to the spoile of the
moonke thrée shillings foure pence also euery iustice shiriffe knight esquier parson vicar and chapleine were charged after a certeine rate but not any of the commons that line 10 were of the laitie Ye haue heard how sir Iohn Harleston was sent to Chierburg as capteine of that fortresse who issuing abroad on a day with such power as he might take foorth leauing the fortresse furnished came to a place where within a church and in a mill the Frenchmen had laid vp as in storehouses a great quantitie of vittels for prouision which church and mill the Englishmen assaulted so valiantlie that notwithstanding there were within a good number of the enimies that did their best to defend themselues yet at length they line 20 were taken and sir Iohn Harleston with his companie returned with the vittels towards Chierburg but by the way they were incountred by one sir William de Bourds whome the French king had appointed to lie in Mountburg with a strong power of men of war to countergarison Chierburg Herevpon insued a sore conflict and manie an hardie man was beaten to the ground And although it séemed that the Englishmen were ouermatched in number yet they stucke to it manfullie Their capteine line 30 sir Iohn Harleston fighting in the foremost presse was felled and laie on the ground at his enimies féet in great hazard of death The Englishmen neuerthelesse continued their fight till at length sir Geffrie Worslie with a wing of armed footmen with axes came to the rescue for to that end he was left behind of purpose to come to their aid if néed required with whose comming the Frenchmen were so hardlie handled that to conclude they were broken insunder beaten downe and wholie vanquished line 40 there were of them slaine aboue six score and as manie taken prisoners among which number was their chéefe capteine sir William de Bourdes taken and brought to Chierburg with the residue and there put in safe keeping This exploit was atchiued by the Englishmen on saint Martins day in winter in this third yeare of king Richard his reigne But least any ioy should come to the English people in that season without some mixture of gréefe one sir I. Clearke a right valiant knight fellow in line 50 armes with sir Hugh Caluerlie chanced this yeare to lie in garrison in a castell in Britaine where was an hauen diuerse English ships lieng in the same whereof the French gallies being aduertised came thither to set those ships on fire appointing one of their gallies first to attempt the feat and if fortune so would to traine the Englishmen foorth till they should fall into the laps of foure other gallies which they laid as it had béene in ambush Now as the enimies line 60 wished so it came to passe for the Englishmen perceiuing their vessels in danger to be burnt of the enimies ran euerie man aboord to saue the ships and goods within them and amongst the rest sir Iohn Clearke their capteine meaning to take such part as his men did got aboord also and streight falling in pursute of the gallie that withdrew for the purpose aforesaid the Englishmen were shortlie inclosed with the other gallies before they were aware not knowing what shift to make to auoid the present danger Sir Iohn Clearke perceiuing how the case stood laid about him like a giant causing his companie still to draw backe againe whilest he resisting the enimies did shew such proofe of his valiancie that they were mâ—â—h astonished therewith To be short he so manfullie behaued himselfe that the most part of his companie had time to recouer land but when he that had â—hus preserued others shuld leape forth of the ship to saue himselfe he was striken in the thigh with an ax that downe he fell and so came into the enimies hands being not able to recouer that hurt for his thigh was almost quite cut off from the bodie so that he died of that and other hurts presentlie leauing a remembrance behind him of manie worthie acts through his valiancie atchiued to his high praise and great commendation The barke of Yorke was also lost the same time being a proper vessell and now taken suddenlie sanke with all that were aboord in hir both Englishmen and the enimies also that were entered into hir thinking to carrie hir awaie About the same time the duke of Britaine returning into his countrie vnder the conduct of sir Thomas Percie and sir Hugh Caluerlie landed at a hauen not far from saint Malo the fourth day of August being receiued with vnspeakeable ioy of the Britaines as well lords as commons so that the louing harts which they bare towards him might well appeare although the loue which he bare to the king of England had caused his subiects in fauor of France to kéepe him manie yeares foorth of his dukedome as a banished prince but at length they being ouercome with irkesomnesse of his long absence with generall consents sent for him home so that there were but few of the British nobilitie that withdrew their dutifull obedience from him and those were onlie such as firmelie linked in seruice with the French king were loth to forgo such roomes and dignities as vnder him they inioied namelie the constable of France sir Berthram de Cleaquin the lord Clisson the lord de Rohen and the lord Rochfort and certeine others The lord de la Uall amongst other came to him as we find in Thomas Walsingham offering him his seruice as well as the residue At his landing he was likelie to haue lost all such furniture as well of vittels apparell hangings bedding armour and other things which either he or his traine had brought with them For the French gallies espieng their time immediatlie as he and his companie were set on land before the ships in which the said furniture was fraught could enter the hauen which was somewhat streight and narrow came vpon them and had them at such aduantage that if sir Hugh Caluerlie with his archers had not caused the master of his ship euen against his will to returne againe to the rescue the gallies had taken and gone awaie with the other ships but through the manfull prowes of sir Hugh the gallies were repelled the ships saued for according to his woonted valiancie he would not returne till he saw all other in safetie then defending himselfe so well as he might withdrew into the hauen and landed safelie with the residue About the same time was an hainous murther committed in London of a merchant Genowes whom certeine English merchants vpon spite and enuie which they bare towards him caused to be slaine one euening in the stréet before his own gates The cause that mooued the merchants so to procure his death was for that he vndertooke to furnish this land hauing the staple allowed him at Southhampton of all such wares as came foorth of Leuant so plentifullie as
within that if they would not send bread and wine foorth to vittell the host in that behalfe they would burne all their corne for doubt whereof the citizens sent foorth to the host six charets laden with as much bread and wine as they might carie Thus was their corne saued from destruction and the Englishmen by soft and easie iournies drew towards the citie of Trois in the which was the duke of Burgognie with the dukes of Burbon and Bar the earle of Ewe the lord Coucie sir Iohn de Uien high admerall of France and a great number of others of the French nobilitie They had made a bastide without the towne able to receiue a thousand men of armes but vpon the Englishmens approch to assault it they did forsake that strength and withdrew to the towne Sir Thomas Triuet was here made a baronet Also there were certeine new knights made as sir Peter Berton sir Iohn and sir Thomas Paulie or Paulet sir Iohn Stâ—ugulie sir Thomas Dortingues sir Iohn Uassecoque sir Thomas Brasie sir Iohn Brauin sir Henrie Uernier sir Iohn Colenile sir William Euerat sir Nicholas Stiugulie and sir Hugh Lunit The English host perceiuing the Frenchmen to withdraw into the towne drew togither and stood in order of battell for the space of two houres and then returned to their lodgings The next day they remooued to Maillerois le vicount neere vnto Sens and there they remained two daies and after drew into Gastinois and so into Beause They were coasted all the waie by a great power of men of war as many or more in number as they were themselues But the French king being a politike prince wiselie considered what losses the realme of France had susteined afore time by giuing battell to the Englishmen and therefore was fullie resolued that in no wise he would giue licence to his people to fight with the earle of Buckingham but thought better as he had learned by good experience to keepe his townes close against his enimies and so in the end to wearie them than by giuing battell to put things in hazard whereas he knew they could not take from him his countries by this kind of warre though they sore in damaged the same for a time There chanced manie small skirmishes amongst those that rode foorth to discouer the countrie but no notable incounter at all For the Englishmen in those daies were cats not to be catched without mittens as Iacob Meir in one place saith againe the French men were as warie how they aduentured to come néere them peraduenture for feare as in the reigne of king Edward the 3 as C.O. noteth saieng Contra aciem magnam tremebundo corde Valesus In campum adiunctum vicina coeÌ„gerat arua Non tamen Angligâ—nas aduersum est ausus aperto Tendere Marte feris confligere fortiter armis Onelie they sought how to inclose them vp in the countrie and to famish them that they might then fight with them at some great aduantage but still the English host passed forward holding on their voiage towards Britaine by Uandosme Pont Uolaine and so ouer the riuer of Sartre In this meane while the French king Charles the fift was taken with a sore sicknesse whereof he departed this life the same daie that the English armie passed ouer the riuer of Sartre which was on the six and twentith of September his brethren the dukes of Aniou Berrie Burbon and Burgognie were at Paris with him at the houre of his death where as a little before they had béene abroad in the countrie with their line 10 powers to defend the cities and townes of importance against the Englishmen and meant indeed if they could haue espied their aduantage and gotten licence thereto of the king to haue giuen their enimies battell But now they were otherwise occupied howbeit they had left their men abroad in the countrie to coast the Englishmen as they had doone before All the French power was assembled in the citie of Mans vnder the leading of the duke of Bar the lord Coucie and others line 20 In this meane while that the earle of Buckingham was passing through the realme of France the French and Spanish gallies did much mischéefe on the coast of England but about the latter end of Iune by a fléet of Englishmen of the west countries part of them were forced to retire and take harbour in an hauen in Ireland called Kingsale where being assailed of the Englishmen and Irishmen they were vanquished so that to the number of foure hundred of them were slaine and their chéefe capteins taken line 30 as Gonsalue de Uerse and his brother Iohn Martin de Motrigo Turgo lord of Morants also the lord of Reith Péers Martin of Uermew Iohn Modit of Uermew the seneshall of Wargarie the seneshall of S. Andrew Cornelis of S. Sebastiano Paschale de Biskey Iohn Martinis Sopogorge of S. Sebastiano and diuerse other There were taken foure of their barges with a ballenger and one and twentie English vessels recouered which they had robbed and taken awaie from line 40 their owners There scaped yet foure of their notable capteins froÌ„ the hands of our men Martin Grantz Iohn Peris Mantago Iohn Husce Gitario and one Garcias of S. Sebastiano so that the malice of those robbers ceased not For they with the French gallies still lieng on the seas when they espied anie aduantage would land their people and doo what mischeefe they could in taking preies and burning townes and villages although now and then they came short to their vessels againe losing sometimes line 50 an hundred sometimes fourescore that were ouertaken by the Englishmen that came foorth against them But among other inuasions which they made this summer on the coasts we find that they burnt the towne of Winchelsie put the abbat of Battell to flight with his people comming to succor that towne and tooke one of his moonks that was there in armor with the abbat ¶ Some write also that they burnt Rie Hastings and Portsmouth Finallie their boldnesse so farre increased that in August they entring line 60 with their gallies into the riuer of Thames came vp to Grauesend where they burnt the most part of the towne and on the other side of the riuer as well in Essex as Kent they burnt and spoiled diuerse places and with their prisoners and booties returned without receiuing anie hurt bringing with them to France both rich spoiles and good prisoners But to returne to the earle of Buckingham where we left The English armie drew still towards Britaine but with so small doubt of their aduersaries that they laie three or foure daies sometimes still in one place At their approching to the marches of Britaine they came to Uitrie a towne situate at the first entring into that countrie and from thence went to Chateau Briant and there rested whither came to them certeine knights
Notingham and Stafford to the baron of Graistocke and to the Musgraues Lastlie they came to Carleill and boldlie assalted the citie but sir Lewes Clifford and sir Thomas Musgraue Dauie Holgraue and diuerse other worthie capteins being within it so defended the waues and gates that their enimies got small aduantage and finallie hearing that the English armie was returning homewards the Scots and Frenchmen drew backe into Scotland doubting to be inclosed by the Englishmen as they had béene in deed if the duke of Lancaster and his brethren vncles to the king might haue béene beleeued who counselled the king to pursue the enimies and stop the passages through which they must needs passe in their comming backe But the earle of Oxenford being most in fauour and credit with the king in those daies as one that ruled all things at his pleasure did aduise him to the contrarie by putting him in beléefe as was said that his vncles went about to bring him in danger to be lost and surprised of his enimies wherevpon he tooke the next way home and so brake vp his iournie When the Scots and Frenchmen were returned into Scotland the Scotish king hauing conceiued a iust displeasure towards the French admerall for that by his meanes the realme of Scotland had susteined such damage in that season caused him and his Frenchmen to be despoiled of the most part of their goods and sent them so awaie out of his countrie that the Scots might receiue some comfort by those warres In this yeare was the battell of Algeberota in Portingale where king Iohn of Portingale discomfited a great host of Spaniards and Frenchmen by the helpe and policie of certeine Englishmen which he had there with him vnder the leading of two esquiers Norberie and Hartell There were slaine diuers earls great lords of Spaniards but for that our writers do not rightlie note the Spanish names but write them corruptlie as strangers vse to doo we here omit them The king of Portingale after this victorie obteined against his enimies sent six gallies vnto the king of England to aid line 10 him against his aduersaries the which were well receiued and highlie made of by the Londoners and other so that the Portingales had no cause to repent of their comming hither The French king this yeare besieged and wan the towne of Dam after he had béene at great charges about it Whilest his nauie returned from Scluis where the same had laien at anchor a long time the ships by tempest were scattered wether-driuen so that in the feast daie of the exaltation of the crosse line 20 two of their gallies a great ship a barge and seauen balengers were cast on shore about Calis the Calisians tooke fiue hundred Frenchmen and Normans that escaped to land An other day 72 French ships as they were comming from Scluis to passe by Calis were met with by them of Calis who behaued themselues so manfullie that they tooke 18 of those French ships and a great barke in which thrée score armed men were slaine before it could be taken Within three daies after this the Calisians met 45 line 30 other French ships and after six houres fight obteined the victorie taking thrée of the most principall vessels whereof one being a hulke of Eastland was hired by the Normans to gard the residue The other two that were taken were of such mold that they could not enter into the hauen at Calis and therefore were sent to Sandwich the one of them being a new ship which the lord Clisson had bought at Scluis paieng for hir 3000 franks ¶ Henrie Knighton saith it was prised or valued at 20000 florens it line 40 was so tall big and large a vessell and therefore of great capacitie On saint Denise daie the soldiors of Calis and other English fortresses thereabouts made a secret iournie into France and got a bootie of foure thousand shéepe and three hundred head of great cattell which they droue towards their holds and as the lord de Rambures gouernour of Bullongne would haue recouered the preie he was vnhorssed with the rencounter of an English speare and being relieued by line 50 his companie and mounted againe withdrew himselfe not attempting to trie any further masteries and so the Englishmen safelie passed foorth with their bootie of cattell and aboue a hundred good prisoners which they had taken at this rode In this 9 yeare about the feast of S. Martine the king called his high court of parlement at Westminster in the which amongst other things there concluded he created two dukes a marques and fiue earles First Edmund Langlie earle of Cambridge the kings vncle was line 60 created duke of Yorke Thomas of Woodstoke his other vncle earle of Buckingham was created duke of Glocester Robert Uéere earle of Oxford was made marques of Deuelin Henrie of Bollingbrooke sonne and heire to Iohn of Gaunt duke of Lancaster was created earle of Derbie Edward Plantagenet sonne and heire to the Duke of Yorke was made earle of Rutland Michaell lord de la Poole chancellor of England was created earle of Suffolke sir Thomas Moubraie earle of Notingham was made earle marshall Also by authoritie of this parlement Roger lord Mortimer earle of March sonne and heire of Edmund Mortimer earle of March and of the ladie Philip eldest daughter and heire vnto Lionell duke of Clarence third sonne to king Edward the third was established heire apparant to the crowne of this realme and shortlie after so proclaimed The which earle of March anon after the end of the same parlement sailed into Ireland to his lordship of Ulster whereof he was owner by right of his said mother but whilest he remained there to pacifie the rebellions of the wild Irish a great number of them togither assembled came vpon him and slue him togither with the most part of his companie This Roger earle of March had issue Edmund Roger Anne Ales Eleanor which Eleanor was made a nunne The two sonnes died without issue and Anne the eldest of the daughters was married to Richard earle of Cambridge sonne vnto Edmund of Langlie before remembred the which Richard had issue by the said Anne a son called Richard that was after duke of Yorke and father to king Edward the fourth also a daughter named Isabell afterwards married to the lord Bourcher This Richard earle of Cambridge was put to death by Henrie the fift as after ye shall heare Moreouer in this yeare Henrie of Bollingbrooke earle of Derbie married the daughter and heire of Humfrie Bohun earle of Hereford in whose right he was after made duke of Hereford and by hir he had issue Henrie that after him was king of this relme the ladie Blanch duches of Bar and the ladie Philip married to the king of Denmarke also Thomas duke of Clarence Iohn duke of Bedford and Humfrie duke of Glocester ¶
Warkewoorâ— Wherevpon the earle of Northumberland 〈◊〉 thinking himselfe in suertie at Berwike 〈◊〉 with the lord Berdoise into Scotland where tâ—ey were receiued of Dauid lord Fleming 〈◊〉 king comming to Berwike commanded 〈◊〉 that kept the castell against him to render it â—â—to his hands and when they flatlie denied so to doo he caused a péece of artillerie to be planted against one of the towers and at the first shot ouerthrowing part thereof they within were put in such feare that they simplie yéelded themselues without any maner of condition wholie to remaine at the kings pleasure Herevpon the chiefest of them to wit sir William Greistoke sonne to Rafe baron of Greistoke sir Henrie Beinton and Iohn Blenkinsop with foure or fiue other were put to death and diuerse other were kept in prison Some write that the earle of Northumberland at his entring into Scotland deliuered the towne of Berwike vnto the Scots who hearing of king Henries approch and despairing to defend the towne against him set fire on it and departed There was not one house that was left vnburnt except the friers and the church After that the king had disposed things in such conuenient order as stood with his pleasure at Berwike he came backe and had the castell of Alnewike deliuered vnto him with all other the castels that belonged to the erle of Northumberland in the north parts as Prodhow Langlie Cockermouth Aluham and Newstéed Thus hauing quieted the north parts he tooke his iournie directlie into Wales where he found fortune nothing fauourable vnto him for all his attempts had euill successe in somuch that loâ—â—ng fiftie of his cariages through abundance of raine and waters he returned and comming to Worcester he sent for the archbishop of Canturburie and other bishops declaring to them the misfortune that had chanced to him in consideration whereof he requested them to helpe him with some portion of monie towards the maintenance of his warres for the taming of the presumptuous and vnquiet Welshmen In the meane time the French king had appointed one of the marshals of France called Montmerancie and the master of his crosbowes with twelue line 10 thousand men to saile into Wales to aid Owen Glendouer They tooke shipping at Brest and hauing the wind prosperous landed at Milford hauen with an hundred and fourtie ships as Thomas Walsingham saith though Enguerant de Monstrellet maketh mention but of an hundred and twentie The most part of their horsses were lost by the waie for lacke of fresh water The lord Berkleie and Henrie Paie espieng their aduantage burnt fiftéene of those French ships as they laie at road there in the hauen line 20 of Milford and shortlie after the same lord Berkleie and sir Thomas Swinborne with the said Henrie Paie tooke other fourtéene ships as they came that waie with prouision of vittels and munition foorth of France to the aid of the other In the meane while the marshall Montmerancie with his armie besieged the towne of Carmarden and wan it by composition granting to the men of warre that kept it against him licence to depart whither they would to take with them all their mooueable line 30 goods the castell of Penbroke they assaulted not estéeming it to be so well manned that they shuld but lose their labour in attempting it Notwithstanding they besieged the towne of Hereford west which neuerthelesse was so well defended by the earle of Arundell and his power that they lost more than they wan and so they departed towards the towne of Denbigh where they found Owen Glendouer abiding for their comming with ten thousand of his Welshmen Here were the Frenchmen ioifullie receiued line 40 of the Welsh rebels and so when all things were prepared they passed by Glamorganshire towards Worcester and there burnt the suburbes but hearing of the kings approch they suddenlie returned towards Wales The king with a great puissance followed and found them imbattelled on a high mounteine where there was a great vallie betwixt both the armies so that either armie might plainelie perceiue the other and either host looked to be assailed of his aduersarie line 50 therefore sought to take the aduantage of ground Thus they continued for the space of eight daies from morning till night readie to abide but not to giue battell There were manie skirmishes and diuerse proper feats of armes wrought in that meane while in the which the French lost manie of their nobles and gentlemen as the lord Paâ—rouâ—tars de Tries brother to the marshall of France the lord Matelonne or Martelonne the lord de la Ualle and the bastard of Bourbon with other to the number line 60 as some haue written of fiue hundred But Enguerant de Monstrellet affirmeth that vpon their returne into France there wanted not aboue thréescore persons of all their companies After they had laine thus one against an other the space of eight daies as before is said vittels began to faile so that they were inforced to dislodge The French and Welshmen withdrew into Wales and though the Englishmen followed yet impeached with the desart grounds and barren countrie thorough which they must passe as our felles and craggie mounteins from hill to dale from marish to wood from naught to woorsse as Hall saith without vittels or succour the king was of force constrâ—â—ned to retire with his armie and returne againe to Worcester in which returne the enimies tooke certeine cariages of his laden with vittels The Frenchmen after the armies were thus withdrawne returned into Britaine making small brags of their painefull iournie This yeare at London the earle of Arundell maried the bastard daughter of the king of Portingale the king of England and the quéene with their presenâ—â— honoring the solemnitie of that feast which was kept with all sumptuous roialtie the morrow after saint Katharins daie ¶ And on the daie of the Conception of our ladie the ladie Philip king Henries daughter was proclamed quéene of Denmarke Norwaie and Sweden in presence of such ambassadors as the last summer came hither from the king of those countries to demand hir in marriage for him and had so trauelled in the matter that finallie they obteined it ¶ On the daie of the translation of saint Martine the towne of Roiston was on fire This yeare the first of March a parlement began which continued almost all this yeare year 1406 for after that in the lower house they had denied a long time to grant to any subsidie yet at length a little before Christmasse in the eight yeare of his reigne they granted a fifteenth to the losse and great damage of the communaltie for through lingering of time the expenses of knights and burgesses grew almost in value to the summe that was demanded Moreouer by the clergie a new kind of subsidie was granted to the king to be leuied of stipendarie priests and
them saue Peter Danthenazie and fiue and twentie other which by the swiftnesse of their horsses saued themselues After this conflict the lord Willoughbie returned to the earle of Salisburie lieng still at siege before the towne de la Fert Barnard which shortlie after was rendered vp into the erle of Salisburies hands to whome the lord regent gaue it to inioie to him and his heires for euer Beside this the said earle partlie by assalt partlie by composition tooke diuers other as saint Kales where he made capteine Richard Gethin esquier Thanceaux Lermitage where he made gouernour Matthew Gough Guerland of the which he assigned ruler Iohn Banaster Malicorne whereof he made capteine William Glasdale esquier Lisle Soubz Boulton whereof was made capteine sir Lancelot Lisle knight Loupelland whereof was made capteine Henrie Branch Montseur of the which was made capteine sir William Oldhall knight la Suze was assigned to the kéeping of Iohn Suffolke esquier And besides this aboue fortie castels and piles were ouerthrowne and destroied The newes hereof reported in England caused great reioising among the people not onelie for the conquest of so manie townes fortresses but also for that it had pleased God to giue them victorie in a pitched field whereof generall processions were appointed to render vnto God humble thanks for his fauour so bestowed vpon them This yeare after Easter the king called a parlement at Westminster by aduise of the péeres and comming to the parlement house himselfe he was conueied through the citie vpon a great courser with great triumph the people flocking into the stréets to behold the child whome they iudged to haue the liuelie image and countenance of his father and like to succeed him and be his heire in all princelie qualities martiall policies and morall vertues aswell as in his realmes seigniories and dominions In this parlement was granted to the king a subsidie of twelue pence the pound towards the maintenance of his warres of all merchandize comming in or going out of the realme as well of Englishmen as strangers During which parlement came to London Peter duke of Quimbre sonne to the king of Portingale cousine germane remooued to the king which of the duke of Excester and the bishop of Winchester his vncles was highlie feasted he was also elected into the order of the garter During the same season Edmund Mortimer the last earle of March of that name which long time had beene restreined from his libertie and finallie waxed lame deceassed without issue whose inheritance descended to the lord Richard Plantagenet sonne and heire to Richard earle of Cambridge beheaded as before yée haue heard at the towne of Southampton ¶ In the time of this parlement also was sir Iohn Mortimer cousine to the same earle either for desert or malice atteinted of treason and put to execution of whose death no small slander arose amongst the common line 10 people After all these things doone in England and in France Humfreie duke of Glocester who had married the ladie Iaquet or Iaqueline of Bauier countesse of Heinault Holland and Zeland notwithstanding she was coupled in marriage afore to Iohn duke of Brabant as yet liuing and had continued with him a long space passed now the sea with the said ladie and went to Mons or Bergen in Heinault where the more part of the people of that countrie line 20 came and submitted themselues vnto him as to their souereigne lord in right of his said wife the ladie Iaquet or Iaqueline with which dooing hir former husband was greatlie mooued And likewise the duke of Burgognie being great friend to the same duke of Brabant was much offended who of old familiaritie wrote louinglie to the duke of Glocester requiring him to reforme himselfe according to reason and to forsake his vngodlie life both in kéeping of an other mans wife and also in séeking to vsurpe line 30 other mens rights and titles Herevpon went letters betwixt them for a time but at length when the duke of Burgognie perceiued that the duke of Glocester meant to mainteine his interest to make warre against the duke of Brabant he tooke part with the duke of Brabant so earnestlie that he consented to fight with the duke of Glocester bodie to bodie within lists in defense of the duke of Brabants quarell and further aided the duke of Brabant in his warres against the duke of Glocester line 40 with all his puissance insomuch that in the end after the duke of Glocesters returne into England the duke of Brabant recouered all the towns in Heinault which the ladie Iaquet or Iaqueline held against him And further the same ladie was by composition deliuered by them of the towne of Mons vnto the duke of Burgognie who caused hir to be conueied vnto Gant from whence she made shift to escape into Holland where she was obeied as countesse of the countrie line 50 Then made she warre in hir owne defense against the dukes of Burgognie and Brabant who sought to spoile hir of all hir towns and lands but they procured pope Martin the fift before whome the matter was to giue sentence that the first matrimonie with the duke of Brabant was good and the second with the duke of Glocester to be vnlawfull But in the meane time the lord Fitz Walter was sent ouer to the aid of the ladie Iaquet or Iaquelin with a power of Englishmen landed in Zeland neere vnto the line 60 towne of Zerixe aginst whome came the duke of Burgognie and incountering with them and other such Hollanders and Zelanders as were ioined with them néere to a place called Brewers hauen there discomfited them so that of English Hollanders and Zelanders with the said lord Fitz Walter were slaine seauen or eight hundred and the residue chased to the water At length when the duke of Glocester vnderstood the sentence pronounced against him by the pope he began to wax wearie of his wife the said ladie Iaquet by whome he neuer had profit but losse and tooke in a second marriage Eleanor Cobham daughter to the lord Cobham of Sterberow which before as the fame went was his souereigne paramour to his slander and dishonour A little before this time sir Thomas Rampston sir Philip Branch sir Nicholas Burdet and other Englishmen to the number of fiue hundred men of warre repared and fortified the towne of S. Iames de Beuuron situate on the frontiers of Normandie towards Britaine within halfe a league of the duke of Britains ground with whome as then they had open warre and so began to doo manie displeasures to his people Wherevpon Arthur earle of Richmont and Yurie brother to the said duke and latelie before created constable of France assembled an huge power of men to the number of fortie thousand as some haue written and with the same came before the said towne of S Iames de Beuuron and planted his siege verie stronglie about it inforcing
his place being the threescore and third archbishop of that see ¶ In the moneth of Nouember in the I le of Portland not farre from the towne of Weimouth was seene a cocke comming out of the sea hauing a great crest vpon his head and a great red beard and legs of halfe a yard long year 1457 he stood on the water crowed foure times and euerie time turned him about and beckened with his head toward the north the south and the west and was of colour like a fesant when he had crowed thrée times he vanished awaie And shortlie after were taken at Erith within twelue miles of London foure great and woonderfull fishes whereof one was called Mors marina the second a sword fish the other two were whales The French nation hearing of the ciuall dissention within the realme here and for an old grudge séeking our annoie two nauies appointed they to inuade the townes standing vpon the riuage of the sea The capteins of the one fléet was William lord Pomiers and of the other sir Peter Bressie a great ruler in Normandie These two capteins taking their course out of the mouth of Saine seuered themselues the one westward and the other eastward which was sir Peter Bressie who sailing alongst the coasts of Sussex and Kent durst not yet take land but staid in the Downes and there hauing by espiall perfect notice that Sandwich was neither peopled nor fortified because that a little before the rulers of the towne were from thense departed for to auoid the plague which sore there afflicted and siue the people he entered the hauen spoiled the towne and after such poore stuffe as he there found rifled and taken he fearing an assemblie of the countrie shortlie gat him awaie The lord Pomiers likewise tooke his course westward by night burning certeine houses in Fulnaie with a little pillage retired into Britaine The Scots also busie like flies where no flap to fraie them entered into Northumberland king Iames the second being there in person burned certeine poore houses and little cottages but in the verie middest of their great enterprise they hearing of the duke of Yorkes marching toward them with a great host with much paine and no gaine in all hast returned to their countrie But now to passe ouer outward inuasions to intreat of the dailie disorder amongest the nobles at home So was it that a great conflict fell betwéene the lord Egremond the sonnes of the erle of Salisburie in which manie persons were slaine a great number hurt The lord Egremond séeking to get awaie but could not by force was taken brought before the councell where the king and the queene to shew themselues indifferent adiudged him to paie to the earle of Salisburie a great summe of monie and for his heinous offense against the lawes was committed to Newgate in London out of which he escaped to the great trouble of the shiriffes The queene nothing more séeking than the ouerthrow of the duke of Yorke and his friends and perceiuing she could attempt nothing against him néere to London because the duke was in more estimation there than either the king hir husband or hir selfe therefore she caused the king to make a progresse into Warwikeshire for his health and recreation And so in semblance of hawking and hunting came to Couentree where diuerse waies were studied to fulfill the queenes desire for the accomplishing whereof the duke of Yorke the earles of Salisburie and Warwike whose destructions was chieflie sought were sent for to Couentrée by the kings letters vnder his priuie seale to which place the said lords without suspicion of danger obedientlie resorted But being admonished by secret friends what was intended against them they by flight auoided that danger where otherwise their liues had béene lost without all remedie And so without bidding anie farewell they departed from the court the duke vnto Wigmoore in the marches of Wales the earle line 10 of Salisburie to his castell of Middleham in the north and the earle of Warwike sailed to Calis The bodies of which thrée noble personages though thus separated yet their hearts knit in one and still went messengers letters betwixt them to communicat their deuises and giue signification of their minds and purposes In this yéere Reginald Peacoke bishop of Chichester abiured at Paules crosse all his bookes burnt and he himselfe commanded to keepe his owne house line 20 during his naturall life because that he verie well learned and better stomached began to mooue questions not priuilie but opâ—nlie in the vniuersities concerning the annates Peter pence and other iurisdictions authorities which the pope vsurped and not onelie put foorth such questions but declared his mind and opinion in the same Some saie he held that spirituall persons by Gods law ought to haue no temporall possessions nor that personall tithes by line 30 Gods law were due nor that christian men were to beléeue in the catholike church nor in the communion of saints but to beleeue that a catholike church and a communion of saints there is and that he held how the vniuersall church might erre in matters of faith and that it is not of necessitie to beléeue all that which is ordeined by generall councels nor all that which they call the vniuersall church ought to be allowed and holden of all christian people Moreouer that it was méet to euerie man to vnderstand line 40 the scriptures in the true and plaine sense none bound to glosses of anie other sense vpon anie necessitie of saluation ¶ But because I find a larger report héereof elsewhere and as more methodicall so also as it seemeth in such forme as it was Res gesta a déed doone it shall not be amisse to insert the same This bishop was a secular doctor of diuinitie that had labored manie yéeres to translate the holie scripture into English was accused to haue passed the bounds of diuinitie and christian beléefe in certeine line 50 articles of the which he was conuict before the archbishop of Canturburie and other bishops and clearks and after vtterlie abiured reuoked and renounced those articles openlie at Paules crosse in his mother toong on the fourth day of December as followeth The forme of his abiuration IN the name of the trinitie father sonne and holie-ghost I Reinold Pecocke bishop of Chichester vnworthie of mine line 60 owne power and will without anie maner coaction or dread confesse and knowledge that I here before this time presuming of my naturall wit and preferring my iudgement and naturall reason before the new and the old testament and the authoritie determination of our mother holie church haue held written and taught otherwise than the holie Romane and vniuersall church teacheth preacheth or obserueth And one is against the true catholike and apostles faith I haue written taught and published manie diuerse
protesting they meant no harme in the world against his person as by their demeanors and proceedings it might well appeare who had euer fled withdrawne themselues from place to place from towne to towne from village to village and from countie to countie Which line 40 might serue for an euident token that they sought for nothing but onelie their owne safegards quietnesse of the realme with so much fauour as in good and safe suertie they might come to his presence to declare certeine things which in their opinions might turne to the wealth of the realme and further to make answer to all things that had béene obiected against them And now said they we are here remaining in the vttermost parts of the land that is in the marches towards Wales not farre from Ludlow line 50 not vpon anie presumptuous meaning but rather in all humble lowlinesse of mind and bodie to abide his graces comming which they besought of God might be in some peaceable maner and fauourable in their behalfes The king hauing receiued this letter and coniecturing that some bitter meaning laie vnder so swéet a spéech cōmanded his armie againe to march foorth and comming within halfe a mile of the aduersaries campe pitched downe his field and foorthwith caused line 60 proclamation to be made that who so euer of his aduersaries would giue ouer his lewd begun enterprise and repaire to his presence to sue for mercie he would pardon him of all offenses This proclamation comming to the vnderstanding of them in the duke of Yorks hoast caused a great number that were there with him against the king to get awaie come to the kings side Moreouer there rose among the residue great murmuring so as they séemed verie like to grow to a gréeuous mutinie Amongst other of those that came to the kings campe Andrew Trollop was chéefe who with the other Calisians which had long serued the king and liued a long time by his wages perceiuing now that they should fight against their souereigne lord himselfe whose true subiect they estéemed before that time the earle of Warwike euer to haue beene and in no wise his enimie in the dead of the night before the daie of the battell secretlie departed from the dukes campe and submitted themselues to the king admonishing him of all things deuised against him Wherof part was that the duke of Yorke by his expert capteins appointed vpon a waie how to set vpon his enimies easilie to discomfit them so as on the next morning he meant to haue assailed the king and his people yer they could haue béene readie or warie of his comming But now by the going awaie thus of his capteins and people that purpose was disappointed And Andrew Trollop thus departed he was now as much discomforted as before by trust in him he was incouraged for all his counsell and purpose by Andrew disclosed he thought it better for him his to depart in suertie than to abide the imminent danger Whervpon he with his yoonger sonne Edmund earle of Rutland secretlie fled into Wales and so passed into Ireland where he was with all ioy and honour gladlie receiued all the Irish offering to liue and die with him as if they had béene his liege subiects and he their lord and prince naturallie borne The earle of March sonne and heire apparant to the said duke accompanied with the earles of Salisburie and Warwike and sir Iohn Wenlocke got awaie the same night and came into Deuonshire where by the meanes of Iohn Dinham esquier which after was high treasuror of England in the daies of king Henrie the seauenth they bought a ship which cost a hundred and ten marks at Exmouth and sailed into Gerneseie after came to Calis where being let in at the posterne they were ioifullie welcomed of their fréends namelie of sir William Neuill lord Fauconbridge that was the earle of Warwikes vncle and brother to the earle of Salisburie who had the towne and castell in kéeping All these being assembled cast their heads togither and euerie one seuerallie had his deuise for the perfecting of their purpose whereto there wanted in them neither will nor hardinesse But now to returne to the king When in the morning he was aduertised that the duke of Yorke and his partakers were fled and gone he caused all his horssemen to follow them although in vaine for they were got farre enough out of danger as before ye haue heard The king pardoned all the poore souldiers sauing certeine ringleaders of the which some he punished and fined and some he hanged and quartered After this he remooued to Ludlow and there brake vp his host and spoiling the towne and castell he sent the duchesse of Yorke with hir two yoong sonnes to be kept in ward with the duchesse of Buckingham hir sister This doone he proclamed these lords traitors to him enimies to their countrie and rebels to the crowne confiscating their lands goods and offices and committed the gouernance of the north parts to the earle of Northumberland and to the lord Clifford as to his trustie and most faithfull fréends of his towne of Calis he made capteine Henrie the new duke of Summerset This duke reioising much in his new office those foorth diuerse valiant and hardie souldiers and with great pompe shortlie after tooke the seas and sailed towards Calis But when he thought to haue entered the hauen the artillerie shot so hotlie both out of the towne and from Risebanke that he suffering there a sore repulse was faine to land at Whitsandbaie and sent word to the capteins of the towne to receiue him as the kings lieutenant shewing to them his letters patents But neither he nor his writing was once regarded and so of necessitie he resorted to the castell of Guisnes dailie skirmishing with the garrison of Calis more to his losse than gaine Diuerse of the mariners of those ships that went ouer with him after his arriuall owing more good will to the earle of Warwike than to this yoong duke conueied their ships into the hauen of Calis and in them diuerse of the earle of Warwikes enimies as Iamin Findill Iohn Felow and diuerse others the which being presented vnto the earle of line 10 Warwike he caused their heads foorthwith to be striken off Shortlie after Richard lord Riuers and sir Anthonie Wooduile his valiant sonne that was after lord Scales accompanied with foure hundred warlike persons were appointed to passe ouer to Guisnes to aid the duke of Summerset against his aduersaries which laie in Calis But as they soiourned at Sandwich abiding for wind and weather to transport them ouer the earles of March and Warwike line 20 had knowledge thereof and sent Iohn Dinham with a small number of men but a multitude of valiant hearts vnto the towne of Sandwich which suddenlie entered the same and tooke the lord Riuers and his sonne also in their beds
Clifford lord Clinton sir Thomas Harington sir Iohn Wenlock Thomas Neuill Iohn Neuill sons of the earle of Salisburie Iames Pickering Iohn Coniers Thomas Par William Oldhall line 20 and Henrie Ratford knights Iohn Bowser Thomas Cooke Iohn Claie Richard Giton Robert Browne Edward Bowser Thomas Uaughan Iohn Roger Richard Greie Walter Deuoreux Walter Hopton Roger Kinderton Will. Bowes Foulke Stafford the lord Powis and Alice countesse of Salisburie their goods and possessions escheted and their heires disherited vnto the ninth degrée their tenants spoiled of their goods maimed and slaine the towne of Ludlow belonging to the duke line 30 of Yorke was robbed to the bare wals the dutches of Yorke spoiled of hir goods But saith another when the king should come to giue his consent vnto the acts passed in the same parlement and that the clerke of the parlement had read that statute of the attaindor of those lords such was the kings modestie and great zeale vnto mercie that he caused a prouiso to be put in and added vnto the same statute that it might be lawfull vnto him at all times fâ—llie without authoritie of anie other parlement line 40 to pardon the same noble men and restore them againe to their former estats degrees and dignities in all things so they would come in vnto him and in the spirit of humblenesse beséech him of grace and fauour ¶ Wherin the king gaue euident testimonie that he was indued with those qualities of mind which the poet ascribed vnto Cesar namelie slow to punish sad when he was constreined to be seuere sith the one commended his lenitie the other sauoured line 50 of tyrannie in this distichon of like termination Est piger ad poenas princeps ad praemia velox CuÃque dolet quoties cogitur esse ferox Herewith also order was taken for the defense of the hauens landing places alongst the sea coasts Sir Simon Montford with a great crew of men was appointed to keepe the downes and the fiue ports and all men passing into Flanders were vpon paine of death prohibited to passe by Calis least the lords there should borrow of them anie prest monie line 60 as they did latelie before of the merchants of the staple the summe of eighteene thousand pounds The lords were not ignorant of all the kings prouisions made against them but were ascerteined dailie what was doone euen in the kings priuie chamber wherefore first they sent a companie to Sandwich vnder the gouernance of the lord Fauconbridge who tooke the towne sir Simon or Osbert Montford within it and sent him with all his mates to Calis where incontinentlie he with twelue of his chiefe fellowes lost their heads on the sand before Risebanke ¶ The earles at Calis sent to the archbishop of Canturburie and to the commons of England at large certeine articles in writing beginning thus Worshipfull sirs we the duke of Yorke the earles of March Warwike and Salisburie sued and offered to haue come to the king our souereigne lords most noble presence to haue declared there afore him for our dutie to God and to his highnesse and to the prosperitie and welfare of his noble estate and to the common-weale of all his land as true liege men the matters following Articles sent from the duke of Yorke and the earles to the archbishop of Canturburie and the commons IN primis the great oppression extortion robberie murther and other violences doone to Gods church and to his ministers thereof against Gods and mans law 2 Item the pouertie and miserie that to our great heauinesse our souereigne lord standeth in not hauing anie liuelod of the crowne of England whereof he may keepe his honorable houshold which causeth the spoiling of his said liege men by the takers of his said houshold which liuelod is in their hands that haue beene destroiers of his said estate and of the said common-weale 3 Item how his lawes be parciallie and vnrightfullie guided and that by them that should most loue and tender his said lawes the said oppression and extortion is most fauoured and supported and generallie that all righteousnesse and iustice is exiled out of the said land and that no man dreadeth to offend against the said lawes 4 Item that it will please his said good grace to liue vpon his owne liuelod wherevpon his noble progenitors haue in daies heretofore liued as honorablie and as worthilie as anie christian princes and not to suffer the destroiers of the said land and of his true subiects to liue therevpon and therfore to lacke the sustenances that should be belonging to his said estate and find his said houshold vpon his poore commons without paiement which neither accordeth with Gods nor mans law 5 Item how oft the said commons haue beene greatlie and maruellouslie charged with taxes and tallages to their great impouerishing whereof little good hath either growne to the king or to the said land and of the most substance thereof the king hath left to his part not halfe so much and other lords and persons enimies to the said common-weale haue to their owne vse suffering all the old possessions that the king had in France and Normandie Aniou and Maine Gascoine and Guien woone and gotten by his father of most noble memorie and other his noble progenitors to be shamefullie lost or sold. 6 Item how they can not ceasse therewith but now begin a new charge of imposition and tallages vpon the said people which neuer afore was seene that is to saie euerie towneship to find men for the kings gard taking example therein of our enimies and aduersaries of France Which imposition tallage if it be continued to heire heires and successors will be the heauiest charge and worst example that euer grew in England and the foresaid subiects and the said heires and successors in such bondage as their ancestors were neuer charged with 7 Item where the king hath now no more liuelod out of his realme of England but onelie the land of Ireland and the towne of Calis and that no king christened hath such a land and a towne without his realme diuerse lords haue caused his highnesse to write letters vnder his priuie seale vnto his Irish enimies which neuer king of England did heretofore wherby they may haue comfort to enter into the conquest of the said land which letters the same Irish enimies sent vnto me the said duke of Yorke and maruelled greatlie that anie such letters should be to them sent speaking therin great shame and villanie of the said realme 8 Item in like wise the king by excitation and labour of the same lords wrote other letters to his enimies and aduersaries in other lands that in no wise they should shew anie fauour or good will to the line 10 towne of Calis whereby they had comfort inough to procéed to the winning thereof Considered also that it is ordeined by the labour of
all the realme was vp against him and some part of the earle of Warwike power was within halfe a daies iournie of him following the aduise of his counsell with all hast possible he passed the Washes in great ieopardie comming to Lin found there an English ship and two hulkes of Holland readie as fortune would to make saile Wherevpon he with his brother the duke of Glocester the lord Scales and diuerse other his trustie friends entered into the ship The lord Hastings taried a while after exhorting all his acquaintance that of necessitie should tarie behind to shew themselues openlie as friends to king Henrie for their owne safegard but hartilie required them in secret to coâ—tinue faithfull to king Edward This persuasion declared he entered the ship with the other and so they departed being in number in that one ship and two hulkes about seuen or eight hundred persons hauing no furniture of apparell or other necessarie things with them sauing apparell for warre For it was no taking of leasure to prouide their corporall necessaries though the want of them could hardlie be borne in a case of present danger considering that they were made against by the contrarie faction with such swift pursute And it had bene a point of extreme follie to be carefull for the accidents permitmitting in the meane time the substance vnto the spoile As king Edward with saile and ore was thus making course towards the duke of Burgognies countrie whither he determined at the first to go it chanced that seuen or eight gallant ships of Easterlings open enimies both to England and France were abrode on those seas and espieng the kings vessels began to chase him The kings ship was good of saile and so much gat of the Easterlings that he came on the coast of Holland and so descended lower before a towne in the countrie called Alquemare and there cast anchor as néere the towne as was possible bicause they could not enter the hauen at an ebbing water The Easterlings also approched the English ship as néere as their great ships should come at the low water intending at the floud to haue their preie as they were verie like to haue atteined it in déed if the lord Gronture gouernor of that countrie for the duke of Burgognie had not by chance béene at the same time in that towne This lord vpon knowledge had of king Edwards arriuall there in the hauen and in what danger he stood by reason of the Easterlings commanded them not to be so hardie as once to meddle with anie Englishmen being both the dukes fréends and alies Then did king Edward all his companie come on land Who after they had beene well refreshed gentlie comforted by the lord Gronture they were by him brought to the Hagh a rich towne in Holland where they remained a while hauing all things necessarie ministred to them by order of the duke of Burgognie sent vnto the lord Gronture immediatlie vpon certificat from the said lord Gronture of king Edwards arriuall Héere we sée in what perplexities king Edward and his retinue were partlie by enimies at home in his owne countrie whose hands he was constreined to flée from by the helpe of the sea partlie also by aduersaries abroad seeking opportunitie to offer him not the incounter onelie but the ouerthrow And suerly had not good fortune fauoured him in preparing readie meanes for him to auoid those imminent dangers he had doubtlesse fallen among the weapons of his owne countrimen and so neuer haue feared forren force but in escaping both the one and the other euen with shift of so spéedie expedition it is a note if it be well looked into of happinesse if anie happinesse may be in preseruation from ruine and reproch Now let all Englishmen saith Edward Hall consider as before is rehearsed what profit what commoditie and what helpe in distresse the mariage of the ladie Margaret king Edwards sister to the duke Charles did to him in his extreame necessitie and but by that meane vncurable extremitie for his alies line 10 and confederats in Castile and Arragon were too far from him either speedilie to flie to or shortlie to come fro with anie aid or armie The French king was his extreme enimie and freend to king Henrie for whose cause in the king of Scots for all the leage betwéene them he did put little confidence and lesse trust The states and all Eastland were with him at open war and yet by this marriage God prouided him a place to flie to both for refuge and reléefe But for the further and cleerer explanation of line 20 these stratagems or rather ciuill tumults it shall not be amisse to insert in this place siâ—h I cannot hit vpon one more conuenient a verie good note or addition receiued from the hands of maister Iohn Hooker chamberlaine of Excester the contents whereof are of such qualitie that they cannot stand in concurrence with anie matter introduced within the compasse of the ninth yeare of this kings reigne as he had quoted it and therfore I thought it méet to transfer the same to this tenth yeare considering that line 30 some part of the matter by him largelie touched is briefelie in the premisses alreadie remembred ¶ This yeare saith he was verie troublesome and full of ciuill wars and great discords For after that king Edward the fourth was escaped out of prison at Wolneie besides Warwike he mustered and prepared a new armie Wherevpon the earle of Warwike and the duke of Clarence mistrusting themselues prepared to passe the seas ouer to Calis and fiâ—st of all sent awaie the duches of Clarence daughter line 40 to the said earle who was then great with child and she being accompanied with the lord Fitz Warren the lord Dinham and the baron of Carew and a thousand fighting men came to this citie of Excester the eightéenth daie of March and was lodged in the bishops palace Sir Hugh or as some saie sir William Courtneie who then fauoured the partie of king Edward the fourth assembled a great troope and armie of all the fréends he could make and inuironing line 50 the citie besieged the same he pulled downe all the bridges rampered vp all the waies and stopped all the passages so that no vittels at all could be brought to this citie for twelue daies togither which being doone vpon a sudden and vnlooked for vittels waxed short and scant within the citie and by reason of so great a multitude within the same the people for want of food began to murmur and mutter The duches and the lords of hir companie mistrusting what might and would be the sequele hereof began line 60 to deale with the maior and required to haue the keies of the gates to be deliuered into their hands and that they would vndertake the safe custodie of the citie Likewise sir William Courtneie did send his messenger to the maior
and good will of his chiefe councellors he gaue great pensions amounting to the summe of sixteene thousand crownes a yeere that is to saie to his chancellor to the lord Hastings his chiefe chamberleine a man of no lesse wit than vertue and of great authoritie with his maister and that not without cause for he had as well in time of aduersitie as in the faire flattering world well and trulie serued him and to the lord Howard to sir Thomas Montgomerie to sir Thomas Sentleger to sir Iohn Cheinie maister of the kings horsses to the marques Dorsset sonne to the queene and diuerse other he gaue great and liberall rewards to the intent to keepe himselfe in amitie with England while he wan and obteined his purpose and desire in other places These persons had giuen to them great gifts beside yearelie pensions For Argenton his councellor affirmed of his owne knowledge that the lord Howard had in lesse than the tearme of two yeares for reward in monie and plate foure and twentie thousand crownes at the time of this méeting he gaue to the lord Hastings the kings chiefe chamberleine as the Frenchmen write an hundred markes of siluer made in plate whereof euerie marke is eight ounces sterling But the English writers affirme that he gaue the lord Hastings foure and twentie doozen bolles that is to saie twelue doozen gilt twelue doozen vngilt euerie cup weieng seuentéene nobles which gift either betokened in him a great liberall nature or else a great and especiall confidence that he had reposed in the said lord chamberleine Beside this he gaue him yearelie two thousand crownes pension the which summe he sent to him by Piers Cleret one of the maisters of his house giuing him in charge to receiue of him an acquittance for the receipt of the same pension to the intent that it should appeare in time to come that the chancelor chamberleine admerall maisters of the horsses to the king of England and manie other of his councell had bin in fée and pensionaries of the French king whose yearelie acquittances the lord Hastings onelie excepted remaine of record to be shewed in the chamber of accounts in the palace of Paris When Piers Cleret had paied the pension to the lord Hastings he gentlie demanded of him an acquittance for his discharge Which request when he denied he then onlie asked of him a bill of thrée lines to be directed to the king testifieng the receipt of the pension to the intent that the king your maister should not thinke the pension to be imbeselled The lord Hastings although he knew that Piers demanded nothing but reason answered him Sir this gift commeth onelie of the liberall pleasure of the king his maister and not of my request if it be his determinat will that I shall haue it then put you it into my sléeue and if not I praie you render to him his gift againe for neither he nor you shall haue either letter acquittance or scroll signed with my hand of the receipt of anie pension to the intent to brag another daie that the kings chamberleine of England hath béene pensionarie with the French king shew his acquittance in the chamber of accounts to his dishonor Piers left his monie behind and made relation of all things to his maister which although that he had not his will yet he much more praised the wisdome and policie of the lord Hastings than of the other pensionaries coÌ„manding him yearlie line 10 to be paied without anie discharge demanding When the king of England had receiued his monie and his nobiliâ—ie their rewards he trussed vp his tents laded his baggage and departed towards Calis But yer he came there he remembring the craftie dissimulation and the vntrue dealing of Lewes earle of saint Paule high constable of France intending to declare him to the French king in his verie true likenesse and portrature sent vnto him two letters of credence written by the said line 20 constable with the true report of all such words and messages as had béene to him sent and declared by the said constable and his ambassadours Which letters the French king gladlie receiued and thankefullie accepted as the cheefe instrument to bring the constable to his death which he escaped no long season after such is the end of dissemblers When king Edward was come to Calis and had set all things in an order he tooke ship and sailed with a prosperous wind into England and was roiallie receiued vpon line 30 Blackheath by the maior of London and the magistrates and fiue hundred commoners apparrelled in murrie the eight and twentith daie of September and so conueied through the citie of Westminster where for a while after his long labour he reposed himselfe euerie daie almost talking with the queene his wife of the marriage of his daughter whome he caused to be called Dolphinesse thinking nothing surer than that marriage to take effect according to the treatie The hope of which marriage caused him line 40 to dissemble and doo things which afterward chanced greatlie to the French kings profit smallie to his About the same season the French king to compasse his purpose for the getting of the constable into his hands tooke truce with the duke of Burgognie for nine yeares as a contractor in the league and not comprehended as an other princes alie The king of England aduertised hereof sent ouer sir Thomas Montgomerie to the French king offering line 50 to passe the seas againe the next summer in his aid to make warres on the duke Burgognie so that the French king should paie to him fiftie thousand crownes for the losse which he should susteine in his custome by reason that the woolles at Calis bicause of the warres could haue no vent and also paie halfe the charges and halfe the wages of his souldiers and men of warre The French king thanked the king of England for his gentle offer but he alledged that the truce was alreadie concluded so that he could not line 60 then attempt anie thing against the same without reproch to his honour But the truth was the French king neither loned the sight nor liked the companie of the king of England on that side the sea but when he was here at home he both loued him as his brother and tooke him as his freend Sir Thomas Montgomerie was with plate richlie rewarded and so dispatched There returned with him the lord Howard and sir Iohn Cheinie which were hostages with the French king till the English armie were returned into England King Edward hauing established all things in good order as men might iudge both within his realme and without was yet troubled in his mind for that Henrie the earle of Richmond one of the bloud of king Henrie the sixt was aliue and at libertie in Britaine therefore to attempt eftsoones the mind of Francis duke of Britaine he sent ouer vnto the said duke one
large ¶ In Iulie this yeere was a prest leuied for the king in the citie of London of foure thousand pounds which was repaied the yeare next following In September the quéene was deliuered at Winchester of hir first sonne named prince Arthur and the fiue and twentith of Nouember next insuing she was crowned at Westminster with all due solemnitie Yée haue heard how there was in the last parlement monie granted for the furnishing foorth of the armie into Britaine that is to wit it was agréed that euerie man should be taxed after the rate of his substance to paie the tenth penie of his goods Which monie the most part of them that dwelled in the bishoprike of Durham and in the parties of Yorkeshire refused vtterlie to paie either for that they thought themselues ouercharged with the same or were procured to shew themselues disobedient thorough the euill counsell of some seditious persons which conspired against the king to put him to new trouble Therefore such as were appointed collectors after that they could not get the monie according to their extract deliuered to them by the commissioners they made their complaint priuilie to Henrie the fourth earle of Northumberland chiefe ruler of the North parts The earle foorthwith signified to the king all that matter year 1489 and the king not willing to pardon them of anie one penie least the example might doo hurt by incouraging others to shew the like stubbornes in other parts of the realme cōmanded the earle either by distresse or otherwise to leuie the monie as he should thinke most meet The rude and beastlie people hearing of this answer from the king by and by with great violence set vpon the earle by the exciting of a simple fellow named Iohn a Chamber whome the erle with faire words sought to appease But they like vnreasonable villaines alledging all the fault to be in him as chiefe author of the tax furiouslie and cruellie murthered both him and diuerse of his houshold seruants Diuerse affirme that the Northerne men bare against this earle continuall grudge euer since the death of king Richard whome they entirelie fauoured Although this offense was great and heinous yet there succéeded a more mischiefe for incontinentlie to cloke this presumptuous murther the Northerne men got them to armour and assembling togither chose them a capteine no lesse seditious than desirous of trouble called sir Iohn Egremond knight and passing by the countries they published and declared that they would bid the king battell onlie in defense of their liberties common fréedome of the which he went about to beereaue them But when the matter should come to be tried with blowes their harts so fainted that they scattered awaie euerie man séeking to saue himselfe by flight but that little auailed them For the king hearing of this businesse sent foorth Thomas earle of Surreie whome not long before he had deliuered out of the Tower and receiued to his speciall fauour with a crue of men to chastise those rebels of the north parts who skirmished with a certeine companie of them and them discomfited and tooke aliue Iohn a Chamber the first beginner of this rebellion The king himselfe road after into Yorkeshire of whose comming the sturdie rebels were so abashed and afraid that they fled more and lesse which afterward were apprehended and punished according to their demerits Yet the king of his clemencie pardoned the innocent people and executed the chiefe procurers For Iohn a Chamber was hanged at Yorke on a gibbet set vpon a square paire of gallowes like an archtraitor and his complices and lowd disciples were hanged on the lower gallowes round about their maister to the terrible example of other But sir Iohn Egremond fled into Flanders to the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie that euer enuied line 10 the prosperitie of king Henrie After this the king returned to London leauing the earle of Surreie to rule the north parts and appointed sir Richard Tunstall a man of great wit and policie to gather the subsidie to him due of the people This yeare the king borrowed of euerie alderman of London two hundred pounds and of the Chamber nine thousand eightie two pounds seuenteene shillings foure pence which he repaied againe to the vttermost with great equitie and thankefulnes A vertue verie laudable line 20 in this good king and so much the more note-worthie as it is rare speciallie in mightie men and great estates of the world that count what soeuer they can catch their owne as though the pursses of the people were theirs to possesse at pleasure vse at lust without conscience or care of restitution Which foule fault Ecclesiasticus noteth affirming that all is lost that is lent them in expresse words saieng Reddere magnates nolunt quae mutuasumunt Mutua quae trades interijsse scias In this season the emperour Frederike made line 30 warre against the Flemings namelie against Bruges and certeine townes of Flanders which had rebelled against his sonne Maximilian king of Romans their liege and souereigne lord in so much that they of Bruges had not onelie slaine his officers but imprisoned him within their towne till they had caused him to pardon all their offenses and also to sweare neuer to remember nor reuenge the same in time to come But his father Frederike the emperour could not suffer such a reproch dishonour doone line 40 to his sonne whose fame princelie estate as he tendered and had in gelosie so was it his hart gréefe and immoderat vexation that he should be abused of open contemners in such villanous sort as tended highlie to the indignitie of his person and the aggrauating of their offense and punishment to passe vnreuenged therefore scourged the countrie of Flanders with sharpe and cruell warre The lord of Rauensteine being driuen to take the line 50 same oth that his master Maximilian tooke at Bruges to shew that the warre was not begun with his assent forsooke Maximilian his lord and tooke the townes of Ipre and Sluis with both the castels of the same hauen and further did not onelie stir the Gantois Brugeans and other towns of Flanders to rebell against their souereigne lord but also sent to the French kings lieutenant in Picardie the lord Cordes to aid him to conquer such townes of Flanders as were not of his opinion The lord Cordes line 60 otherwise called monsieur de Querdes was glad to haue so good occasion to set foot in Flanders as he that had sufficient instructions of his maister the French king vpon anie such offred occasion so to doo sent foorthwith to the aid of the Flemings eight thousand Frenchmen commanding them to conquer such townes as were in the waie betwixt France and Bruges The capteins according to his deuise besieged a little walled towne called Dirmew to whome came foure thousand Flemings with vittels and artillerie
to the king of England that if it would please him to minister anie aid by sea hée would besiege Sluis by land Wherevpon the king of England vpon due consideration of the dukes motion as he was wise enough in all his enterprises and no lesse fortunate in the issue of the same would conclude nothing vpon the sudden but as he did alwaies ruled his affaires by good counsell like to the wise man commended in the holie scripture Consilio sapiens semper sua facta gubernat line 60 At last he well remembring that Sluis was a â—ousenest and a verie den of théeues to them that trauersed the seas towards the east parts incontinentlie dispatched sir Edward Poinings a right valiant knight and hardie capteine with twelue ships well furnished with bold souldiers and sufficient artillerâ—e Which sir Edward sailed into the hauen and kept the lord of Rauenstein from starting by sea The Duke of Saxonie besieged one of the castels lieng in a church ouer against it and the Englishmen assaulted the lâ—sse castell and issued out of their ships at the ebbe neuer suffering their enimies to rest in quiet one day togither for the space of twentie dais and euerie day slue some of their aduersaries and on the English part were slaine one Uere brother to the earle of Oxford and fiftie more The lord of Rauenstein had made a bridge of botes betwéene both the castels to passe from the one to the other which bridge one night the Englishmen did set on fire Then he perceiuing that he must lose his castels by force and that the Flemings could not aiâ— him yéelded the castels to sir Edward Poinings and the towne to the duke of Saxonie vpon certeine conditions Sir Edward Poinings kept the castels a while of whom the Almains demanded their wages bicause the duke had nothing to paie Then these two capteins so handled them of Bruges that they not onelie submitted themselues to their lord Maximilian but also were contented to paie and dispatch the Almains And so sir Edward Poinings taried there a long space and at length returned to the king before Bullogne The sixt day of Aprill this present yeare the nobles of the realme assembled in the cathedrall church of S. Paule in London where the maior of the same citie his brethren the aldermen and the craftesmen in their liueries also assembled to whome doctor Morton chancellor made an oration declaring how the king of Spaine had woone the great and rich citie countrie of Granado from the Turks for ioy whereof Te Deum was soong with great solemnitie ¶ But bicause it is requisite and necessarie in this ample volume to set downe the report of accidents as they are to be found at large in our owne English writers you shall heare for the furtherance of your knowledge in this matter concerning Granado what Ed. Hall hath left noted in his chronicle Which although it conteine diuerse actions of superstition and popish trumperie yet should it not offend the reader considering that a people estranged from the true knowledge of God and sincere religion put the same in practise as supposing principall holinesse to consist in that blind deuotion On the sixt of Aprill saith he this yéere the king commanded all the nobilitie of his realme to assemble at the cathedrall church of S. Paule in London where after Te Deum solemnlie soong the cardinall of Canturburie standing on the steps before the quier doore declared to the people how the famous citie of Granado which manie yeares had beene possessed of the Moores or Mauritane nation being infidels vnchristened people was now of late besieged a great time by Don Ferdinando and Elizabeth his wife king and quéene of Spaine Arragon and Castile And the said infidels by reason of siege brought to great penurie and miserie for lacke of vittels necessarie viands perceiuing that all succours were clerelie stowed and excluded from them and so brought into vtter despaire of aid or comfort after long consultation had amongst them determined to render themselues and their citie to the said king vpon diuerse couenants and conditions and therevpon sent to him diuerse senators of the citie fullie instructed of their mind and purpose The king of Spaine and his councell considering and sagelie pondering that winter approched was at hand and that the christian host had long lieu in the fieldes in sore tempests and greeuous stormes which they gladlie suffered for Christes sake in whose cause and quarell they made that present warre reremembring also that the citie was of such riches fame and estimation that it conteined an hundred and fiftie thousand houses of name beside other small houses and cotages that it was replenished with people innumerable and furnished with three score and ten thousand good fighting men and finallie perceiuing that he might inioy now the possession of the same without assault or effusion of christian bloud by the aduise of his councell he accepted accorded and agreed to their offers the twentie and fift of Nouember in the yeare of Christs incarnation 1491 then being the daie of saint Katharine By the which composition the roiall citie of Granado with all the holds and fortresses of the realme and the towers and castels of Alpussarare was rendered into the hands of the said king of Spaine and that the king of Granado should become subiect and vassall to the king of Spaine and to relinquish and line 10 forsake the vsurped name of a king for euer and that all the men of warre should frankelie depart out of the citie and none there to remaine but artificers and merchants and all these things to be doone before the fiue twentith day of Ianuarie But the time was preuented for the Moores on the first day of Ianuarie sent six hundred notable personages out of the citie with their children for hostages into the campe of the king of Spaine to the intent that he should put no diffidence nor mistrust in the citizens line 20 but that he might peaceablie and quietlie with his people enter into the citie and take possession of the same The which hostages were distributed and lodged in the tents and pauillions of the Spanish armie The third of Ianuarie the lord of Guitterins Cardenes great master gouernor of Lion of the order of S. Iames departed from the armie noblie and triumphantlie accompanied with fiue hundred horsmen and thrée thousand footmen toward the citie line 30 And as he approched néere to the suburbs there issued out diuers noble and valiant capteins of the Moores making to him humble obeisance and conducted him to a palace adioining to the citie called the palace of Anaxaras and from thense conueied him to the palace roiall of the same citie called Alhambra whereof hée tooke quiet and peaceable possession to the behoofe of the king of Spaine whome the Moores promised and confessed to take and obeie as their
part went ouer the water and made trenches to the water so besieged the towne as streictlie as their number would giue them leaue but yet for all that they could doo without they within kept one gate euer open At length the English capteins perceiuing that they laie there in vaine considering the strength of the towne and also how the armie was not of number sufficient to enuiron the same on each side wrote to the king who willed them with all speed to returne and so they did Sir Edward Poinings went to the court of Burgognie where he was receiued right honorablie of the yoong prince of Castile and of his aunt the ladie Margaret Iohn Norton Iohn Fog Iohn Scot and Thomas Linde were made knights by the prince And the ladie Margaret perceiuing the soldiers coates to be worne and foule with lieng on the ground for euerie man laie not in a tent gaue to euerie yeoman a coate of woollen cloth of yeallow red white and greene colours not to hir little laud praise among the Englishmen After that sir Edward Poinings had béene highlie feasted and more praised of all men for his valiantnesse and good order of his people he returned with his crue into England and had lost by war and sicknesse not fullie an hundred persons When the Englishmen were departed the Gelders issued out of the gates of Uenlow dailie skirmished with the Burgognions and asked for their archers and héerewith winter began sharplie to approach and the riuer of Maze by aboundance of raine rose so high that it drowned vp the trenches so that all things considered the capteins without determined to raise their siege and so they did and after they had wasted all the countrie about Uenlow they returned euerie man to his home In Iune the king being at Leicester heard tidings that one Andrew Barton a Scotishman and pirat of the sea saieng that the king of Scots had line 10 warre with the Portingals robbed euerie nation and stopped the kings streames that no merchant almost could passe And when he tooke Englishmens goods he bare them in hand that they were Portingals goods and thus he haâ—ted and robbed at euerie hauens mouth The king displeased herewith sent sir Edward Howard lord admerall of England and lord Thomas Howard sonne and heire to the earle of Surrie in all hast to the sea which hastilie made readie two ships and taking sea by chance of weather line 20 were seuered The lord Howard lieng in the downes perceiued where Andrew was making toward Scotland and so fast the said lord chased him that he ouertooke him and there was a sore battell betwixt them Andrew euer blew his whistle to incourage his men but at length the lord Howard and the Englishmen did so valiantlie that by cleane strength they entered the maine decke The Scots fought sore on the hatches but in conclusion Andrew was taken and so sore wounded that he died line 30 there Then all the remnant of the Scots were taken with their ship called the Lion All this while was the lord admerall in chase of the barke of Scotland called Iennie Pirwine which was woont to saile with the Lion in companie so much did he with other that he laid him aboord and though the Scots manfullie defended themselues yet the Englishmen entered the barke slue manie and tooke all the residue Thus were these two ships taken and brought to Blackewall the second of August line 40 and all the Scots were sent vnto the bishop of Yorkes place where they remained at the kings charge till other direction was taken for them After this the king sent the bishop of Winchester and certeine of his councell to the archbishop of Yorkes place where the Scots were prisoners and there the bishop rehearsed to them whereas peace was yet betweene England and Scotland that they contrarie to that as théeues pirats had robbed the kings line 50 subiects within his streames Wherefore they had deserued to die by the law and to be hanged at the low water marke Then said the Scots We acknowledge our offense and aske mercie and not the law Then a preest which was also a prisoner said My lords we appeale from the kings iustice to his mercie Then the bishop asked him if he were authorised by them to saie so and they cried all Yea yea Then said he you shall find the kings mercie aboue his iustice line 60 For where you were dead by the law yet by his mercie he will reuiue you wherefore you shall depart out of this realme within twentie daies vpon paine of death if you be found after the twentith daie and praie for the king and so they passed into their countrie Thus was their captiuitie conuerted into libertie and their liues saued by the kings mercie The king of Scots hearing of the death of Andrew Barton and the taking of the two ships was woonderfull wroth and sent letters to the king requiring restitution according to the league and amitie The king wrote to the king of Scots againe with brotherlie salutation of the robberies doone by the said Andrew and that it became not a prince to laie breach of peace to his confederat for dooing iustice vpon a pirat and theefe and that all the Scots that were taken had deserued to die by iustice if he had not extended his mercie And with this answer the Scotish herald departed About this season the French king made sharpe warre against pope Iulie wherefore the king of England wrote to the French king that he should leaue off to vex the pope in such wise being his fréend and confederat But when the French king séemed little to regard that request the king sent him word to deliuer him his lawfull inheritance both of the duchie of Normandie and Guien and the countries of Aniou Maine and also of his crowne of France or else he would come with such a power that by fine force he would obteine his purpose but notwithstanding those writings the French king still pursued his warres in Italie Wherevpon the king of England ioining in league with Maximilian the emperour and Ferdinando king of Spaine with diuerse other princes was resolued by aduise of his councell to make warre on the French king and his countries and made preparation both by sea and land setting foorth ships to the sea for safegard of his merchants ¶ The foresaid pope Iulie the kings confederat was before his aduancement to the popedome cardinall of saint Petri ad Uincula a man mightie in freends reputation and riches who had drawne to him the voices of so manie cardinals that entering the conclaue he was with an example all new and without shutting the conclaue elected pope the verie same night following the deceasse of his predecessor pope Pius those that were of the contrarie opinion not daring to oppose against him He either hauing regard to his first name Iulie or as
On the thrée twentith daie of Maie being mondaie he landed in the morning and commanded to burne the house of the lord Piers Moguns with the towne of Conquet diuerse other places and chased the Britains into the castell of Brest and notwithstanding all the assemblies and shewes that the Britains made yet they suffered the English peaceablie to returne with their preies and booties The first of Iune the Englishmen tooke land in Croâ—ton baie and then the lords of Britaine sent word to the lord admerall that if he would abide they would giue him battell The admerall rewarded the messenger and willed him to say to them that sent that all that day they should find him in that place tarieng their comming Then to incourage diuerse gentlemen the more earnestlie to shew their valiancie he dubbed them knights as sir Edward Brooke brother to the lord Cobham sir Griffith Downe sir Thomas Windham sir Thomas Lucie sir Iohn Burdet sir William Pirton sir Henrie Shirborne and sir Stephan Bull. When the lord admerall saw the Frenchmen come he comforted his men with pleasant words therby the more to incourage them The whole number of the Englishmen was not much aboue 25 hundred where the Frenchmen were at the least ten thousand and yet when they saw the order of the Englishmen they were suddenlie astonied Then a gentleman of good experience and credit amongest them aduised the other capteins not to fight but to retire a little and take a strong ground there to remaine till the Englishmen returned toward their ships and then to take the aduantage And so the capteins began to retire which when the commons saw they all ran awaie as fast as they might supposing that the capteins had seene or knowne some great perill at hand bicause they were not priuie to the purpose of their capteins The lord admerall séeing what happened when the night came departed to his ships After this the gentlemen of Britaine sent to the admerall for a safeconduct for diuerse persons which they ment to send to him about a treatie The lord admerall was of his gentlenesse content to grant their request Then certeine lords of Britaine tooke a bote and came to the ship of the lord admerall where he was set with all his councell of the armie about him The request of the Britains was that it might please him to surcease his cruell kind of warre in burning of townes and villages but the admerall plainlie told them that he was sent to make warre and not peace Then they required a truce for six daies which would not be granted and to their reproofe the admerall told them that gentlemen ought to defend their countrie by force rather than to sue for peace And thus making them a banket he sent them awaie And after hearing that there was ships of warre on the seas he coasted from thence alongst the countrie of Normandie still scowring the sea so that no enimie durst appeare And at length he came and laie by the I le of Wight to see if anie enimies would appéere During which time diuers ships were kept in the north seas vnder the conduct of sir Edward Ichingham Iohn Lewes Iohn Louedaie and others This yeare also in Iune the king kept a solemne iustes at Gréenewich the king sir Charles Brandon taking vpon them to abide all commers ¶ First came the ladies all in white and red silke set vpon coursers trapped in the same sute freated ouer with gold after whom followed a founteine curiouslie made of russet sattin with eight gargils spowting water within the founteine sat a knight armed at all peeces After this founteine followed a ladie all in blacke silke dropped with fine siluer on a courser line 10 trapped in the same Then followed a knight in a horsselitter the coursers litter apparelled in blacke with siluer drops When the fountein came to the tilt the ladies rode round about and so did the founteine and the knight within the litter And after them were brought two goodlie coursers apparelled for the iusts and when they came to the tilts end the two knights mounted on the two coursers abiding all commers The king was in the founteine and sir Charles Brandon was in the litter Then suddenlie line 20 with great noise of trumpets entred sir Thomas â—â—euet in a castell of cole blacke and ouer the castell was written The dolorous castell and so he and the earle of Essex the lord Howard and other ran their courses with the king and sir Charles Brandon and euer the king brake most speares and likelie was so to doo yer he began as in former time the prise fell to his lot so luckie was he and fortunat in the proofe of his prowes in martiall actiuitie whereto from his yong yéers he was giuen as the poet saith line 30 Huic erat à teneris annis ars bellica cordi After this the king hauing prepared men and ships readie to go to the sea vnder the gouernance of sir Anthonie Oughtred sir Edward Ichingham William Sidneie and diuerse other gentlemen apponited them to take the sea and to come before the I le of Wight there to ioine with the lord admerall which they did but in their passage a gallie was lost by negligence of the maister The king hauing a desire to see his nauie togither rode to Portesmouth and there appointed capteins for one of his chiefest line 40 ships called the Regent sir Thomas Kneuet master 〈◊〉 his horsses sir Iohn Carew of Deuonshire and to the Souereigne he appointed for capteins sir Charles Brandon and sir Henrie Gilford and with them in the Souereigne were put threescore of the tallest yeoman of the kings gard Manie other gentlemen were ordeined capteins in other vessels And the king made them a banket before their setting forward and so commited them to God They were in line 50 number fiue and twentie faire ships of great burden well furnished of all things necessarie The French king in this meane while had prepared a nauie of thirtie nine saile in the hauen of Brest and for chiefe he ordeined a great Carrike of Brest apperteining to the quéene his wife called Cordelier a verie strong ship and verie well appointed This nauie set forward out of Brest the tenth of August and came to Britaine baie in the which the same day was the English fléet ariued When the Englishmen line 60 perceiued the Frenchmen to be issued foorth of the hauen of Brest they prepared themselues to battell and made foorth towards their enimie which came fiercelie forward and comming in sight ech of other they shot off their ordinance so terrible togither that all the sea coast sounded of it The lord admerall made with the great ship of Déepe and chased hir sir Henrie Gilford and also sir Charles Brandon made with the great Carrike of Brest being in the Souereigne and laid stem to stem to the
shoot at the Englishmen Also they trapped togither foure and twentie great hulkes that came to the baie for salt and set them on a row to the intent line 60 that if the Englishmen had come to assault them they would haue set those hulks on fire and haue let them driue with the streame amongst the English ships Prior Iehan also laie still in Blanke sable baie and plucked his gallies to the shore setting his basiliskes and other ordinance in the mouth of the baie which baie was bulworked on euerie side that by water it was not possible to be woone The lord admerall perceiuing the French nauie thus to lie in feare wrote to the king to come thither in person and to haue the honour of so high an enterprise which writing the kings councell nothing allowed for putting the king in ieopardie vpon the chance of the sea Wherefore the king wrote to him sharplie againe commanding him to accomplish that which apperteined to his duetie which caused him to aduenture things further than wisedome would he should as after yée shall heare to his vtter vndooing and casting awaie God hauing ordeined the means by his prouidence which the pagans implied though wanting the light of grace in the name of destinie of them counted ineuitable A destinie lamentable considering the qualitie of the person with the maner of his dieng Wherein although manie vainlie dispute that fortune led him to so miserable an accident yet if we will lift vp our considerations to God we shall find that he hath reserued such a prerogatiue ouer all things which he hath created that to him onelie belongeth the authoritie to dispose all things by the same power wherewith he hath created them of nothing And yet the foolish world doting in blind ignorance but pretending a singular insight in matters of secrecie blusheth not to talke or rather to asseuere casualtie chancemedlie misfortune and such like foolish imaginations whereas indéed the prouidence of God compasseth all things whatsoeuer for nothing can be priuileged from the amplenesse of the same Prior Iehan kéeping him still within his hold as a prisoner in a dungeon did yet sometime send out his small foists to make a shew before the English nauie which chased them to the baie But bicause the English ships were mightie vessels they could not enter the baie and therefore the lord admerall caused certeine boats to be manned foorth which tooke one of the best foists that Prior Iehan had and that with great danger for the gallies and bulworks shot so freshlie all at one instant that it was maruell how the Englishmen escaped The lord admerall perceiuing that the Frenchmen would not come abroad called a councell wherein it was determined that first they would assaile Prior Iehan and his gallies lieng in Blanke sable baie and after to set on the residue of the French fléet in the hauen of Brest Then first it was appointed that the lord Ferrers sir Stephan Bull and other should go alaâ—d with a conueuient number to assault the bulworkes while the admerall entered with row barges and little gallies into the baie and so should the Frenchmen be assailed both by water and land The lord admerall by the counsell of a Spanish knight called sir Alfonse Charant affirming that he might enter the baie with little ieopardie called to him William Fitz Williams William Cooke Iohn Colleie and sir Wolstan Browne as his chéefe and most trustie fréends making them priuie to his intent which was to take on him the whole enterprise with their assistance And so on S. Markes daie which is the fiue and twentith of Aprill the said admerall put himselfe in a small row barge appointing thrée other small rowing ships and his owne ship bote to attend him and therewith vpon a sudden rowed into the baie where Prior Iehan had moored vp his gallies iust to the ground which gallies with the bulworkes on the land shot so terriblie that they that followed were afraid But the admerall passed forward as soone as he came to the gallies he entered droue out the Frenchmen William Fitz Williams within his ship was sore hurt with a quarell The baie was shallow and the other ships could not enter for the tide was spent Which thing the Frenchmen perceiuing they entered the gallies againe with moris pikes and fought with the English in the gallies The admerall perceiuing their approch thought to haue entred againe into his row barge which by violence of the tide was driuen downe the streame and with a pike he was throwne ouer the boord and so drowned and also the forenamed Alfonse was there slaine all the other boates and vessels escaped verie hardlie awaie for if they had taried the tide had failed them and then all had béene lost The lord Ferrers and the other capteins were right sorowfull of this chance but when there was no remedie they determined not to attempt anie further till they might vnderstand the kings pleasure and so they returned into England line 10 The Frenchmen perceiuing that the English fléet departed from the coasts of Britaine and drew towards England did come foorth of their hauens and Prior Iehan set foorth his gallies and foists and drawing alongst the coasts of Normandie and Britaine coasted ouer to the borders of Sussex with all his companie and there landed and set fire on certeine poore cotages The gentlemen that dwelt néere raised the countrie and came to the coast and droue Prior Iehan to his gallies The king was right sorie line 20 for the death of his admerall but sorrow preuaileth not when the chance is past Therefore the king hearing that the French nauie was abroad called to him the lord Thomas Howard eldest brother to the late admerall and sonne and heire apparant to the earle of Surrie whome he made admerall willing him to reuenge his brothers death The lord Howard humblie thanked his grace of the trust that he put in him and so immediatlie went to the sea and scowred the same that no Frenchman durst shew line 30 himselfe on the coast of England for he fought with them at their owne ports The king hauing all his prouisions readie for the warre and meaning to passe the sea in his owne person for the better taming of the loftie Frenchmen appointed that worthie councellor and right redoubted chéefteine the noble George Talbot earle of Shrewesburie high steward of his houshold to be capteine generall of his fore-ward and in his companie were appointed to go the lord Thomas Stanleie line 40 earle of Derbie lord Decowreie prior of saint Iohns sir Robert Ratcliffe lord Fitzwater the lord Hastings the lord Cobham sir Rice ap Thomas sir Thomas Blunt sir Richard Sacheuerell sir Iohn Digbie sir Iohn Askew sir Lewes Bagot sir Thomas Cornewall and manie other knights esquiers and souldiers to the number of eight thousand men These passed the sea and came all to
The earle of Surrie line 20 hauing wasted the emperour ouer to the coast of Biscaie vpon his returne finding the wind fauourable according to his instructions made to the coast of Britaine and landing with his people in number seuen thousand about fiue miles from Morleis marched thither and assaulting the towne wan it For the maister gunner Christopher Morreis hauing there certeine falcons with the shot of one of them stroke the locke of the wicket in the gate so that it flew open and then the same Christopher and line 30 other gentlemen with their souldiers in the smoke of the gunnes pressed to the gates and finding the wicket open entered and so finallie was the towne of Morleis woone and put to sacke The souldiers gained much by the pillage for the towne was excéeding rich and speciallie of linnen cloth When they had rifled the towne throughlie and taken their pleasure of all things therein the earle caused them by sound of trumpet to resort to their standards and after they had set fire in the towne and burned a great line 40 part thereof the earle retreated with his armie towards his ships burning the villages by the waie and all that night lay on land On the morrow after they tooke their ships and when they were bestowed on boord the earle commanded sixtéene or seuenteene ships small and great lieng there in the hauen to be burnt When the lord admerall had thus woone the towne of Morleis he called to him certeine esquiers and made them knights as sir Francis Brian sir Anthonie line 50 Browne sir Richard Cornewall sir Thomas Moore sir Giles Huseie sir Iohn Russell sir Iohn Reinsford sir George Cobham sir Iohn Cornewallis sir Edward Rigleie and diuerse other After this they continued a while on the coast of Britaine and disquieted the Britains by entering their hauens and sometimes landing and dooing diuerse displeasures to the inhabitants about the coast After that the earle had lien a while thus on the coast of line 60 Britaine hée was countermanded by the kings letters who therevpon brought backe his whole fleet vnto a place called the Cow vnder the I le of Wight and then went on land himselfe discharging the more part of his people and leauing the residue with certeine ships vnder the gouernance of the viceadmerall sir William Fitz Williams to kéepe the seas against the French In this meane while diuerse exploits were atchiued betwixt them of the garrisons in the marches of Calis the Frenchmen of Bulloâ—gne and Bullongnois but still the losse ran for the most part on the French side For the English frontiers were well and stronglie furnished with good numbers of men of warre and gouerned by right sage and valiant capteins which dailie made inuasions vpon the French confines and namelie sir William Sands treasuror of the towne of Calis and sir Edward Gilford marshall were two that did the Frenchmen most displeasure On the third of Iulie three hundred French horssemen comming néere to the castell of Guisnes kept themselues in couert appointing eight or ten of their companie to shew themselues in sight to the Englishmen within Wherevpon there went foorth eight archers and fell in skirmish with those horssemen till there came thrée other to the rescue of the Frenchmen and skirmished with the archers on foot Herewith issued out of Guisnes twelue deâ—â—lances all Welshmen in rescue of the footmen and then all the troope of the French horssemen brake foorth and set on the Welshmen The footmen so long as they had anie arrowes to bestow shot lustilie and in the end were driuen to defend themselues with their swords The Welshmen keeping togither entered into the band of the Frenchmen brake their speares and after fought and laid about them with their swords so that they made a waie and escaped from those thrée hundred French horssemen Of the French side were slaine thrée men and fiue horsses the English archers on foot selling their lines dearlie were all slaine for the Frenchmen would not take anie of them prisoners they were so angrie for losse of their fellowes On the fiue and twentith of Iulie the treasuror and marshall of Calis with fourtéene hundred footmen entered the French pale and finding not monsieur de Foiat for whome they sought they went to Whitsand baie set the towne on fire and assaulting the church into which the people were withdrawne wan it and afterwards set fire on the steeple bicause that diuerse hauing shut vp themselues therein through counsell of a priest that was with them refused to yéeld till the fire caused them to leape downe and so manie of them perished and the rest were taken prisoners and led to Calis About two daies before this to wit the three and twentith daie of Iulie one Thwaits a capteine of an English ship with six score men archers and others tooke land beside Bullongne and passing vp into the countrie thrée miles to a towne called Newcastell forraied all the parts as he went and in his returne set fire on that towne and burnt a great part thereof and came againe to his ship in safetie notwithstanding fourscore hagbutters and thrée hundred other men of warre of the countrie came foorth and pursued the Englishmen verie fiercelie but the Englishmen putting them backe got to their ship and lost not a man Moreouer whilest the warres were thus followed in France the lord Rosse and the lord Dacres of the north which were appointed to keepe the borders against Scotland burnt the towne of Kelsie and fourescore villages ouerthrew eighteene towers of stone with all their barnekines Also the king appointed the earle of Shrewesburie to be his lieutenant generall of the north parts against the inuasion which was intended by the duke of Albanie which earle directed his letters to all the shires lieng from Trent northward that all men should be in a readinesse Order was taken by the cardinall that the true value of all mens substance might be knowne and he would haue had euerie man sworne to haue vttered the true valuation of that they were woorth and required a tenth part thereof to bée granted towards the kings charges now in his warres in like case as the spiritualtie had granted a fourth part and were content to liue on the other three parts This demand was thought gréeuous to them of the citie of London where the cardinall first mooued it so that manie reasons were alleaged by them why they iudged themselues sore dealt with In the end they brought in their billes which were receiued vpon their honesties The king in this meane time being now entered into wars with France thought not to suffer his enimies to rest in quiet and therefore leauied an armie which he sent ouer to Calis appointing the earle of Surrie to be generall of the line 10 same When the earle was come to Calis and had taken order in his businesse for that iournie
sore weakened and decaied by death and sicknesse and now in raising their campe had manie things to looke vnto as well for the conueieng of their ordinance trusse and baggage as their feeble and diseased persons so that if the Dolphin with his armie might haue made such spéed forward as to haue ouertaken them with his maine power before they had come to Bullongne it was to be feared least he might haue put them in danger of a plaine distresse But with such timelie foresight as was vsed the siege was raised and the armie retired first to Bullongne and after to Calis without losse although the French horssemen in great number followed and sundrie times made proud proffers to giue the charge vpon the hindermost companies but nothing was doone to make great account of except certeine skirmishes that were procured and alarums giuen as in such cases it fortuneth The Dolphin notwithstanding that the siege was thus raised from Muttrell yer he could come thither yet he kept forward his iourncie to prooue what he might doo to recouer Bullongne which towne the king of England as ye haue heard had left in the keeping of the lord Lisle high admerall The same towne being then weake God knoweth on all sides through batterie and minings which by the kings power had béen made to bring it into his subiection and the trenches not cast downe nor the ordinance mounted The Dolphin being come before the towne sent certeine bands of his best soldiors by night to giue a camisado to the base towne They that thus were sent entred the same the ninth of October about two of the clocke in the morning where they tooke the stand watches and slue beside a great number of sicke and weake persons as well soldiors as other before they could araie themselues or well get out of line 10 their beds But after the Frenchmen and Italians fell to rifling and breaking vp of coffers scattering here and there abrode and began to fall to their vittels which they found there in good plentie The Englishmen that were driuen vp to the gates of the high towne got weapons that were throwne downe vnto them foorth of the same assembling togither fiercelie entred in amongst the prease of their enimies And herewith there sallied foorth of the high towne sir Thomas Poinings with a band of two hundred line 20 soldiors the which togither with the other so bestirred themselues that they manfullie beat backe the enimies slue to the number of eight hundred of them and chased the residue out of the towne which fled ouer the sands vp to the hill where the Dolphin himselfe stood with a great troope of horssemen about him and durst not once come downe to the rescue of his people for feare of the great artillerie that with plentie of bullets saluted the enimies after that the breake of the daie had once discouered them in sight line 30 Amongst other that were slaine in this repulse of the Frenchmen le segneur de Foquessolles another of the marshall de Biez his sons in law and seneschall of Bullongne was one Thus the Dolphin perceiuing that it would nothing auaile him to make anie further attempt against Bullongne passed foorth toward Guisnes shortlie after through want of vittels and sicknesse which sore infested his campe brake vp his armie and returned into France so that the proud enterprises line 40 of the vainglorious and most insolent French turned to their owne great shame as C. O. trulie saith Sic Galli in magnum cesserunt dedecus ausa But shortlie after Christmas came downe an armie of fourtéene thousand vnder the conduction of monsieur de Biez the which the six and twentith of Ianuarie incamped on the west side of Bullongne beyond the hauen where they laie ten daies but on the sixt of Februarie the earle of Hertford the lord admerall as then lord lieutenant of the towne of Bullongne the lord Greie of Wilton sir Thomas line 50 Poinings others hauing assembled out of the garisons on that side the seas to the number of foure thousand footmen seuen hundred horsmen whereof an hundred or foure score were Albanoises issued foorth of Bullongne about foure of the clocke in the morning and comming to the place where the king had incamped during the time of the siege they staid there and put themselues in order of battell and about six of the clocke it being then a low water capteine Edward Breie with three hundred shot was line 60 appointed to passe ouer and to giue the enimies an alarum in their campe At which instant the trumpets sounded and the drums stroke vp in the English armie and herewiâ—h they being diuided into three battels and to ech one his gard of two hundred horssemen beside the od hundred that attended as a defense to the residue they shewed themselues to their enimies The Frenchmen perceiuing this packed awaie with all haste possible marching toward Hardilo in two battels Wherevpon the English capteins leauing their footmen behind them and taking onelie with them the horssemen followed with all spéed after their enimies and comming to the bridge commonlie called pont de Bricque which certeine English carpenters garded with a number of harquebutters and foure small field peeces had forced and repared the same that night and so the horssemen finding it sufficientlie repared passed ouer and comming to S. Estienne they found there fiue hundred Dutch horsmen commonlie called Swart rutters that were lodged there to kéepe that passage but being surprised on the sudden by the English horssemen and sharpelie assailed they were wholie distressed and the most part of them taken prisoners and therewith left with the followers of the armie were after slaine bicause they knew not where to bestow them But now the hill of saint Estienne being thus gained by the English horsmen they put themselues in order of battell againe appointing an hundred of their men at armes to follow and kéepe aloofe as a stale to relieue their fellowes in time of need when they saw them in anie danger The lords to incourage euerie one to doo his dutie rode vp and downe about the troops vsing manie comfortable words desired them that although they were but an handfull in comparison to the number of their enimies they would yet in regard of the honour of the realme of England make a proffer of an onset to the enimies that they might perceiue that there they were to giue them battell and to follow as they should sée them their capteins and gouernors to lead them the waie Herewith forward they make towards the enimie and ouertaking them three miles on the hitherside of Hardilo sands they valiantlie gaue the charge and thrusting in betwixt the two French battels ouerthrew their cariages tooke their ordinance and munitions slue and bare downe manie of them that preased foorth to defend the same Monsieur de Biez being in the fore
ward brought backe the strongest and best armed men he had to resist his enimes ranging them in order so as he ment to haue inclosed the English horssemen betwixt his battels and the sea and so to haue distressed them But this purpose being espied first of all by the lord admerall the Englishmen by his valiant incouragement gaue a new charge and breaking through their ranks by force came backe againe vnto their hundred men of armes that kept aloofe and there staied till their footmen might come to them who by this time were aduanced within sight of them but distant yet by the space of two English miles or little lesse Monsieur de Biez perceiuing that the English footmen began thus to approch made forward againe with his armie so fast as was possible for his people to march drawing still his armed men and best souldiors to the hindermost ranks there to be readie to withstand the Englishmen as they should offer to assaile them and in this order the Frenchmen made away and rested not till they came to Hardilo sands being a place of such strength and aduantage by reason of the streict that after they were once got thither they might account themselues out of all danger and therefore there they staid and dispatched an herald vnto the chiefteins of the English armie to signifie vnto them that there they ment to abide and to giue them battell if they would aduance forward to fight with them but yet they would not in anie wise come foorth of their strength vnto some euen ground although they were earnestlie required therevnto Wherevpon the Englishmen to light them a candle that they might sée where they were set all the villages houses about on a light fire continuing the same all that afternoone and most part of the night following and the next morning betwixt foure and fiue of the clocke they came backe againe vnto Bullongne with all their spoiles and prisoners They tooke in this incounter seuen peeces of artillerie two of brasse and fiue of iron also the peeces of aduantage of the armour of monsieur de Biez beside apparell plate and furniture in great plentie as well taken in the field as also in their campe where they left their tents standing all their prouision of vittels wholie vnremoued The same péeces of line 10 armour were sent ouer into England to the king for a witnesse of the good successe that had thus happened to his people in this famous enterprise in the atchiuing wherof there were not past halfe a dozen Englishmen slaine besides those that were hurt which neither were manie as vnder halfe a score at the most year 1545 Whilest such things were in dooing about Bullongne and other places as before ye haue heard in this twentie and sixt yeare the ships of the west line 20 countrie and other coasts of this realme wasted abroad on the seas and tooke to the number of thrée hundred od French ships so that the Graie friers church in London was laid full of wine the Austine friers and Blacke friers full of herring and other fish that was taken as the same should haue béene conueied into France About the same season the king demanded a beneuolence of his subiects spirituall and temporall towards the maintenance of the warres against the Frenchmen and Scots ¶ On the line 30 twelfe of Ianuarie the lord chancellour the duke of Suffolke and other of the kings councell began to sit at Bainards castell where they first called before them the maior and aldermen c. And bicause Richard Read alderman would not agree to paie as they set him he was commanded vpon paine to serue the king in his warres of Scotland who departed from London the thrée and twentith of Ianuarie Also sir William Roch alderman for words of line 40 displeasure taken by the kings councell was by them sent to the fléet where he remained till passion sundaie On the six and twentith of Ianuarie there camped on the west side of Bullongne beyond the hauen an armie of French to the number of eightéene thousand where they laie ten daies and the sixt of Februarie were put to flight by the earle of Hertford and sir Iohn Dudleie lord admerall then deputie of Bullongne On the thirteenth of Februarie a priest was set on the pillorie in Cheape line 50 and burnt in both chéekes with the letters F. and A. and a paper on his head wherein was written For false accusing which iudgement was giuen by the lord chancellor in the Starre chamber a notable example of iustice Great cause haue I to wish the like to the like accuser who neuer yet repented but contrariwise sweareth and forsweareth that he neuer did anie such act against his brother In the beginning of March sir Rafe Euers lord warden of the marches after manie fortunate rodes line 60 and forraies made into Scotland assembled now about foure thousand men entering with the same into Scotland was incountered at Halidon rig by the earle of Arraine and other Scotishmen which so beset the Englishmen with thrée battels on ech side that in the end they slue the said lord warden with the lord Ogle and a great number of other gentlemen and commons beside prisoners which they tooke so that few escaped the Scotishmens hands Among other prisoners taken Richard Read an alderman of London aforesaid was one The death of sir Rafe Euers was greatlie bemoned for he had shewed great proofe of his valiant prowesse at sundrie times before namelie in this yeare past as at the taking and burning of the towne of Iâ—dworth which enterprise was atchiued the tenth of Iune beside diuerse other exploits fortunatelie brought to passe by his high valiancie and manhood till his hap was at this present to finish his daies whose life though then it tooke end yet shall not his fame good report purchased by martiall courage policie and dangerous aduentures perish or decaie as the poet trulie saith Parta labore volat vasâ—um bona fama per orbem Haec veluti Phoebus non mâ—ritura manet This yeare on saint Georges daie sir Thomas Wriothestleie lord chancellor of England was made knight of the garter Also Trinitie terme was adiourned by reason of the warres but the escheker and the court of the tenths were open for those that were accomptable in either of the said courts The thirteenth of Iune Robert Luken seruant to sir Humfrie Browne one of the iustices of the kings Bench Anne Askew gentlewoman otherwise called Anne Kime wife to one Kime a gentleman of Lincolneshire and Ione Sautereie wife to Iohn Sautereie of London were arreigned in the Guildhall of London for speaking against the sacrament of the altar as they tearmed it contrarie to the statute of the six articles but because no witnesse appeared against the women nor against Luken one onelie excepted who was thought to
seas In the same moneth that valiant capteine sir Thomas Poinings knight lord Poinings and the kings lieutenant of his towne and marches of Bullogne departed this life after he had to his great honor atchiued manie woorthie enterprises in seruice of his prince against the enimies so that his death was much lamented A gentleman vndoubtedlie deseruing to be had in perpetuall memorie and pitie it is that diuerse such valiant feats as he in his life time atchiued were not committed to writing to remaine for examples sake to posteritie Also in the same moneth at Guilford died the noble and valiant duke of Suffolke Charles Brandon lord great maister of the kings houshold a right hardie gentleman and yet not so hardie as almost of all estats and degrees of men high low rich and poore hartilie beloued his death of them greatlie lamented his bodie was honorablie buried at Windsore at the kings costs This man in his daies had doone to the king and realme right agreeable seruices as well in peace as in wars both in England France Scotland and Ireland he died the kings generall lieutenant of his armie then appointed to resist the Frenchmen if they durst haue landed But now whereas in this meane time we haue spoken nothing of the dooings in Scotland where the warre was still continued the king of France sent thither certeine bands of Frenchmen vnder the gouernement of monsieur de Lorges to aid the Scots against the Englishmen and the king of England waged manie strangers and sent them with certeine Englishmen to the borders for defense of the same against the inuasions of the enimies for after the arriuall of the Frenchmen a great armie of Scots was raised and approched néere to the borders where for a certeine time they incamped so that manie thought some notable enterprise would haue béene attempted But after they had laine in campe a certeine time they brake vp and departed without attempting anie further exploit Shortlie after the earle of Hertford lieng on the borders as lieutenant of the north parts of England calling to him an armie of twelue thousand men or thereabouts what of Englishmen and strangers entred Scotland with the same and burnt a great part of the Mers and Teuidale as Kelsaie abbeie and the towne Melrosse abbeie Driborne abbeie also Iedworth abbeie and diuerse other places townes and villages to the number of fiue score Kelsaie abbeie was defended a while by thrée hundred Scots but in the end the most part of them were slaine taken by the strangers and others that gaue the assault Thus the earle of Hertford sore indamaged the Scots by this inuasion and yet neither they nor the Frenchmen their assistants durâ—â— come foorth into the field once to incounter with him On the sixtéenth of September a number of Scots and Frenchmen attempted to enter into England on the east borders But the Englishmen perceiuing them about to passe by a certeine streict set vpon them and slue and tooke of them to the number of seuen score Among the prisoners that were taken the lord of Humes sonne and a French capteine were accompted chiefest Also in another rode made into the west borders the lord Maxwels sonne and diuerse others were taken But at an other time about the same season also certeine Englishmen to line 10 the number of fiue hundred making their entrie by the west borders into Scotland were discomfited by the Scots and the more part of them either taken or slaine Thus were they occupied as well on the borders betwixt England and Scotland in this season as also in the marches of Calis Guisnes and Bullognois where the garrisons lieng in those places made continuall rodes forraies into the marches of the enimies countrie and oftentimes chanced to incounter with some of their troops line 20 The capteine of Ard monsieur de Dampiere hauing got for a supplie from the French campe at Bullogne the companie of the men of armes that belonged to the duke of Orleance led by his lieutenant monsieur de Tauannes chanced on a daie to incounter with the Englishmen guided by that valiant baron the lord Greie of Wilton capteine of the towne of Guisnes who being accompanied with a number of valiant gentlemen soldiers distressed their enimies slue the capteine of Ard the foresaid line 30 lord de Dampiere there in field Diuerse other skirmishes and incounters chanced in that summer on the further side the seas And moreouer now after that the French nauie was withdrawen as ye haue heard from the coasts about Portesmouth that martiall chiefteine sir Iohn Dudleie lord Lisle and high admerall of England hauing all his ships men munition furniture readie set forward from Portesmouth hauen to haue fought with the Frenchmen if they had still kept the seas but they were withdrawâ—e line 40 home into harborough Wherevpon the lord admerall meaning to reuenge their brauados and presumptuous attempts made at Portesmouth and in the I le of Wight approched to the coasts of Normandie and landed with six thousand men at Treport burnt the suburbes of that towne with the abbeie and certeine villages and houses thereabouts Also they destroied thirtie ships and a barke there found in the hauen and after they had wrought their pleasures they returned to line 50 the sea and so home not hauing lost past fourtéene persons in the execution of this whole enterprise Of this great spoile ouerthrow giuen at Treport by the kings admerall I find these verses remembred Treportem passibus aequis Ordine seruato qui mus est militis intrant Obuius vt quisque est is stricto sternitur ense Ast alius volucri traiectus membra sagitta Occidit exanguis foedátque cruore plateas Dum reclusa alius vult prospectare fenestra line 60 Nec conferre pedem nec aperto praelia Marte Commiscere audet glandis transfigitur ictu Omne genus telorum ad caedem immittitur atram In this meane while monsieur de Biez being incamped néere to Bullogne with such a puissant armie as before you haue heard busied about the building of a fort there was not such diligence vsed therin as was promised on his part in accomplishing the same to the French kings great displeasure as some write who had meant with that armie if this fort had béene finished at the appointed time to haue gone to besiege the towne and castell of Guisnes but now the time being prolonged and not without some suspicion least monsieur de Biez cared not how long the warres indured in that sort so as he might command ouer so manie princes and great lords as were there vnder his gouernance at length before the fort were fullie finished he remooued to mount Lambert with the more part of the armie pretending as though he meant to fight with the Englishmen the which as he said he vnderstood were purposed to come with a
earles of Darbie and Essex who brought him to Gréenewich where he landed and lodged there that night The next daie he came vp with all his gallies line 50 and landed at the Tower wharfe Upon all the banks by the water side were laid péeces of artillerie which shot off freelie and so likewise did all the artillerie in the ships but speciallie from the Tower was shot a maruellous great peale of ordinance From whence being landed they rode thorough London in great triumph the maior and the crafts standing in the streets in verie good order vnto the bishops palace by Paules where the French admerall lodged till Bartholomew euen on which daie he was conueied line 60 toward Hampton court where in the waie the prince hauing with him the archbishop of Yorke the earles of Hertford and Huntington and aboue two thousand horsse met him and imbrased him in such courteous and honorable wise that all the beholders greatlie reioised and much maruelled at the said princes high wit and great audacitie and so the French admerall came to the court giuing the prince the vpper hand as they rode And at the vtter gate of the court the lord chancellor and all the kings councell receiued him and brought him to his lodging On Bartholomew daie the king admitting him to his presence welcomed him and in great triumph went to the chappell where the king receiued his oth to performe the articles of the league as it was couenanted To speake of the bankettings huntings and such like honorable sorts of interteinements it were much to vtter and hard to beléeue But on fridaie following being the seuen and twentith of August he being rewarded with a cupboord of plate to the value of twelue hundred pounds returned to London and on the sundaie next insuing tooke his gallies and departed Beside the kings gifts he had giuen to him by the citie of London two flaggons guilt and two other that were parcell guilt valued at one hundred thirtie six pounds beside wine wax and torches There were diuerse of his companie also that went not awaie vnrewarded hauing both plate and also manie horsses and greihounds giuen them Although this peace pleased both the English and French nations yet suerlie both mistrusted the continuance therof And verelie the old prouerbe séemed to be throughlie verefied which saith that what the eie séeth the hart rueth for the Frenchmen still longed for Bullogne and the Englishmen meant not willinglie to giue it ouer For during the French admerals being in England monsieur de Chatillon capteine of Montplaisier began to make a new bastilion euen at the verie mouth of the hauen naming it Chatillons garden Wherevpon that noble gentleman the lord Greie of Wilton shortlie after appointed to be deputie of the towne and countie of Bullogne perceiuing the great inconuenience that this new building would bring to the towne if it went forwards did aduertise the king thereof earnestlie beséeching his grace that the matter might be throughlie considered of Sir Thomas Palmer was the messenger The king vpon the intelligence asked his councels aduise which onelie went wholie that the conditions of the peace were not in anie wise to be infringed This resolued secretarie Paget then knight and afterwards lord was commanded accordinglie to draw a letter to the lord Greie the which â—he king himselfe did signe willing that the messenger should further know of his pleasure before he departed Wherevpon sir Thomas Palmer hauing his dispatch at the secretaries hands did get word to be giuen to the king who presentlie sent for him into his priuie chamber and betwixt them two vsed these words Palmer you haue there a letter from vs to the lord Greie that he doo in no wise deale in the matter that he hath by you aduertised vs of Notwithstanding I will that you deliuer him this message from vs. Bid him call to mind how that his brethren and himselfe not a short time but euen from tender yeares nor farre off but still neere to our person we haue brought him vp which tell him not vniustlie if that be in him that we conceiue dooth bréed in vs an od trust of feruencie to serue vs of him more than a common seruant or subiect By that token will him whatsoeuer I haue written to the contrarie that he presentlie impeach the fortification of Chatillons garden and rase it if it be possible and this my message shall be his cléering therein the seruice gratefullie accepted Sir Thomas Palmer somewhat astonied hereat considering the weightinesse of the cause and the contrarietie of the letter and message began to put the king in mind of the small credit that his bare errand of right was like to haue so flat against that which his maiesties letters imported But the king cutting off his tale Deliuer thou the message quoth he at his choise then be the executing thereof Sir Thomas thus dispatched with great spéed arriued at Bullogne immediatlie vpon the opening of the gates at after noone His letters and message deliuered the lord Greie streight assembled the councell shewed them the kings letters which read he caused sir Thomas to pronounce before them the message also Euerie man was to saie his aduise it went roundlie through the boord without anie question that the letter was to be followed the message not to be staied on The lord Greie hauing heard and not replieng anie thing willed sir Thomas to be called line 10 in againe bad him repeat his message and therwhilest made a clearke of the councell to write the same Verbatim This doone he praied the whole table to set their hands vnto it which they did and the lord Greie taking the same into his hands without further opening declaring his resolution brake vp councell commanded streight the gates to be shut gaue priuie warning that certeine bands with armour and weapon and likewise pioners should that night by an houre be in a readines line 20 The houre came himselfe with the warned companie issued out passed ouer the water and without anie alarum of the enimie did ouerthrow in thrée or foure houres what in two or three moneths had bin raised and so in great quietnesse returned into the towne Presentlie he dispatched sir Thomas Palmer backe againe to the king with the newes whose returne was so sudden as the king himselfe being in the chamber of presence séeing him said alowd What Will he doo it or no Sir Thomas giuing no line 30 other answer but presenting his letters and saieng that thereby his maiestie should know The king againe in earnest mood Naie tell vs I saie whether he will doo it or not Then sir Thomas told him that it was doone and the whole fortification cleane rased Whereat the king taking great ioy presentlie called to certeine of the lords of the councell that were by and said How saie you my lords Chatillons garden the new fort is laid as flat
of the pioners being in number a thousand foure hundred Thomas Audeleie and Edward Chamberleine harbengers of the field The lord Edward Clinton admerall of the flâ—et sir William Woodhouse knight his viceadmerall There were in the armie of great ordinance fifteene peeces and of carriages nine hundred carts beside manie wagons whereof the commissarie generall was George Ferrers As soone as the armie by land was in a readinesse and set forward to come to Berwike at a daie appointed the nauie likewise tooke the sea and by the helpe of Gods good guiding had so prosperous speed in their passage that they arriued at Berwicke in time conuenient whither vpon the thirtith of August being tuesdaie the lord protector came and laie in the castell with sir Nicholas Strelleie knight capteine there The next daie commandement was giuen that euerie man should prouide himselfe for foure daies vittels to be caried foorth with them in carts On thursdaie the first of September the lord protector not with manie more than with his owne band of horssemen rode to a towne standing on the sea coast a six miles from Berwike within Scotland called Aimouth whereat there runneth a riuer into the sea which he caused to be sounded and finding the same well able to serue for an hauen caused afterwards a fortresse to be raised there appointing Thomas Gower that was marshall of Berwike to be capteine thereof On fridaie all sauing the councell departed the towne of Berwike and incamped a two flight shoots off by the sea side toward Scotland And the same daie the lord Clinton with his fléet tooke the seas from Berwike to the end that in case the wind should not serue them to kéepâ— course with the armie by land yet were it but with the driuing of tides they might vpon anie néed of munition or vittels be still at hand or not long from them The same daie the earle of Warwike and sir Rafe Sadler treasuror of the armie came to Berwike from Newcastell where they had staid till then for the full dispatch of the rest of the armie and the next daie the earle of Warwike incamped in field with the armie On which daie a proclamation with sound of trumpet was made by an herald in thrée seuerall places of the campe signifieng the cause of the comming of the kings armie at that present into Scotland which in effect was to aduertise all the Scotish nation that their comming was not to depriue them of their liberties but to aduance the marriage alreadie concluded and agréed vpon betwixt the kings maiestie of England and their quéene and no hostilitie ment to such as should shew themselues furtherers thereof On the fourth of September being sundaie the lord protector came from out of the towne and the armie raised and marched that daie a six miles and camped by a village called Rostan in the baronrie of Boukendall The order of their march was this Sir Francis Brian capteine of the light horssemen with foure hundred of his band tended to the skout a mile or two before The carriages kept along the sea coast and the men at armes and demilances diuided into thrée troops answering the thrée wards rid in arraie directlie against the cariages a two flight shoots asunder from them The thrée foot battels kept order in place betwixt them both The fore-ward foremost the battell in the middest the rere-ward hindermost ech ward hauing his troope of horssemen and gard of ordinance his aid of pioners for amendment of waies where néed should be The fift of September they marched an eight miles vntill they came to the Peaths a clough or vallie running for a six miles west streight eastward and toward the sea a twentie score brode from banke to banke aboue and a fiue score in the bottome wherein runnes a little riuer Stéepe is this vallie on either side and déepe in the bottome The Scots had cast trenches ouerthwart the side waies on either side in manie places to make the passage more cumbersome but by the pioners the line 10 same were soone filled and the waie made plaine that the armie carriage ordinance were quite set ouer soone after sun set there they pitched downe their campe Whilest the armie was thus passing ouer this cumbersome passage an herald was sent from the lord protector to summon a castell that stood at the end of the same vallie a mile from the place where they passed downe towards the sea Matthew Hume capteine thereof a brothers sonne line 20 of the lord Humes vpon his summons required to speake with the lord protector It was granted and he came whome the lord protector handled in such sort with effectuall words putting him in choise whether he would yeeld or stand to the aduenture to haue the place woone of him by force that he was contented to render all at his graces pleasure And so being commanded to go fetch his companie out of the house he went and brought them being in all one and twentie persons The capteine and line 30 six other were staied and commanded to the kéeping of the marshall the residue were suffered to depart whither they thought good After this surrender the lord Iohn Greie brother to the marques Dorset was appointed to seize take possession of the house being capteine of a great number of demilances as for his approoued worthinesse and valiancie right well he might agréeable to the deserued report remaining of him in print in forren spéech as followeth Graius heros Ob summam belli cataphractis praefuit artem The spoile was not rich sure but of white bread oten cakes and Scotish ale indifferent good store and soone bestowed among my lords soldiors for swords bucklers pikes pots pans yarne linnen hempe and heaps of such baggage which the countrie people there about had brought into that pile to haue it in more suretie the soldiors would scarse vouchsafe to stoope and take the same vp In the meane time the lord protector appointed line 50 the house to be ouerthrowne which by the capteine of the pioners was doone though with some trauell by reason the walles were so thicke and the foundation so déepe and thereto set vpon so craggie a plot Tuesdaie the sixt of September the armie dislodged and marched forward In the waie as they should go a mile and an halfe from Dunglas northward were two piles or holds Thornton Anderwike set both on craggie foundations diuided a stones cast a sunder by a déepe gut wherein ran a little riuer Thornton line 60 belonged to the lord Hume and was kept by one Thom Trotter who vpon summons giuen him to render the house lockt vp a sixteene poore soules like the soldiors of Dunglas fast within the house tooke the keies with him commanding them to defend the place till his returne which should be on the morrow wish munition and releefe and this doone he and his
saint Cooms in s which lieth foure miles beyond Lieth and a good waie neerer the north shore than the south yet not within a mile of the néerest It is but halfe a mile about and had in it an abbeie but the moonks were gone fresh water inough and store of conies and is so naturallie strong that but by one waie it can be entred the plot whereof the lord protector considering did quicklie cast to haue it kept whereby all traffike of merchandize all commodities else comming by the Forth into their land and vtterlie the whole vse of the Forth it selfe with all the hauens vpon it should quite be taken from them The next daie the lord protector riding backe againe eastward to view diuerse things and places tooke Daketh in his waie where a house of George Dowglas did stand and comming somewhat néere it he sent Summerset his herald with a trumpet to know who kept it and whether the keepers would hold or yéeld it to his grace Answer was made that there were three score persons within whome their maister lieng there saturdaie at night after the battell did will that they the house and all that was in it should be at his graces commandement Wherevpon the chiefest came and in name of all the rest humbled himselfe to the dukes will From thense his grace passed to the place where the battell had béene striken and so by Muskleburgh returned backe to the campe On thursdaie being the fiftéenth of this moneth the lord Clinton high admerall taking with him the gallie whereof Richard Brooke was capteine and foure or fiue other smaller vessels besides as well appointed with munition and men rowed vp the Forth a ten miles westward to an hauen towne standing on the south shore called Blacke Nesse whereat toward the water side is a castell of a pretie strength as nigh wherevnto as the depth of the water would suffer the Scots for safegard had laid the Marie Willoughbie and the Anthonie of Newcastell two tall ships which with extreme iniure they had stollen from the Englishmen before time when no war was betwixt vs with these laie there also an other large vessell called the Bosse and seauen more wherof part laden with merchandize The lord Clinton and his companie with right hardie approach after a great conflict betwixt the castell and his vessels by fine force wan from them those thrée ships of name and burnt all the residue before their faces The sixtéenth of September the lard of Brimston a Scotish gentleman came to the dukes grace from their counsell for cause of communication and returned againe to them hauing with him Norreie an herald and king at armes of ours who found them with the old quéene at Sterling On saturdaie the seauentéenth of September sir Iohn Luttrell in the after noone departed toward saint Cooms in s hauing with him an hundred harquebutters fiftie pioners two row barks well furnished with munition and thrée score and ten mariners to remaine there kéepe that from inuasion of the enimies against line 10 whom the English were so sharplie whetted that when they came to incounter they gaue proofe of their manhood by wounds and bloudshed according to the report of C.O. in these verses following Anglorum pectora Mauors Belliger exacüit crescunt ad vulnera vires In the time whilest the armie laie thus in the campe betwéene Lieth and Edenburgh manie lards and gentlemen came in to the lord protector to require his protection the which his grace to whome line 20 he thought good did grant This daie came the earle of Bothwell to his grace who hauing beene kept in prison by the gouernour the night after the battell was set at libertie and comming thus to the lord protector was friendlie welcomed and interteined and hauing this night supped with his grace he departed Lieth was set on fire this saturdaie whereas it was meant that there should haue beene but one house onelie burnt belonging to one Barton that line 30 had plaid a slipperie part with the lord protector But the soldiors being set a worke to fire that house fired all the rest Six great ships also that laie in the hauen which for their age and decaie were not so apt for vse were likewise set on fire and burnt On sundaie the eightéenth of September the lord protector for considerations moouing him to pitie hauing all this while spared Edenburgh from hurt did so leaue it but Lieth and the ships burning soone after seauen of the clocke in the morning caused the line 40 campe to dislodge and as they were raised and on foot the castell shot off a peale with chambers hardlie and all of foure and twentie péeces Passing that daie seauen miles they camped earlie for that night at Crainston by a place of the lard of Brimstons The same morning the lord protector made maister Andrew Dudleie knight brother to the earle of Warwike dispatched my lord admerall and him by ships full fraught with men and munition toward the winning of an hold in the east side of Scotland line 50 called Broughticrag which stood in such sort in the mouth of the riuer of Taie as that being gotten both Dundée saint Iohns towne and diuerse other townes standing vpon the same riuer the best of the countrie in those parts set vpon the Taie should either become subiect vnto this hold or else be compelled to forgo the whole vse of the riuer for hauing anie thing comming in or outward The lord admerall and the said sir Andrew sped themselues with such good successe and diligence in that enterprise line 60 that on the wednesdaie following being the one and twentith of September after certeine of their shot discharged against that castell the same was yeelded vnto them the which sir Andrew did then enter and after kept as capteine to his high praise and commendation But now to the armie On mondaie the nineteenth of September they marched ten miles and incamped a little on this side a market towne called Lawder Here as they were setled in their lodging the herald Norrie returned from the Scotish councell with the lard of Brimston and Rose their herald who vpon their sute to the lord protector obteined that fiue of their councell should haue his graces safe conduct that at anie time and place within fiftéene daies during his abode in their countrie or at Berwike the same fiue might come and commune with fiue of the English councell touching matters in controuersie betwéene them Rose the herald departed earlie with his safe conduct the campe raised and that daie they went seauen miles till as far as Hume castell where they camped on the west side of a rockie hill that they call Hare crag standing about a mile westward from the castell Here they did so much by shewing that they ment indeed to win the castell by force if otherwise they might not
records did sometimes line 30 flow vp to the verie wals of the citie where boats and vessels were woont to be laden and vnladen of all kind of wares and merchandizes at a proper place appointed for the same which at these presents kéepeth his old and ancient name and is called the watergate The decaie thereof hapned about the yeare of our Lord 1312 by one Hugh Courtneie the third of that name and earle of Deuon who being offended and incensed against this citie his wrathfull humor could not be satisfied vntill by some meanes line 40 he did impaire and annoie the state of the common-wealth of the same And séeing that among other commodities the vse of the hauen and watercourse to the citie to be one of the chiefest he was neuer quiet vntill he had destroied the same wherefore minding to performe what he had conceiued he did in the yeare of our Lord 1313 the fift yeare of king Edward the second enterprise begin his pretended deuise and mischéefe And first whereas the ladie Isabella d◠Fortibus countesse line 50 of Aumerle and of Deuon his ancestrix had builded certeine wéers vpon the riuer of Exe the propertie and seignorie whereof did apperteine to the citie the one of the west side of the riuer of Exe in Exminster parish and the other of the east side of the same riuer in the parish of Topesham leauing betwéene the said two wéers a certeine aperture or open space of thirtie foot thorough which all boats and vessels without let or hinderance might haue and line 60 had their vsuall passage and repassage to and from the citie vnto the seas the said earle to abridge and destroie this great benefit and commoditie did leuie and build a new wéere in the said aperture or open roome stopping filling and quirting the same with great trees timber and stones in such sort that no vessell nor vessels could passe or repasse After him Edward Courtneie earle of Deuon and nephue to the said Hugh did not onelie mainteine and continue the dooings of his ancestor by his dailie reparing and defending the same but also to worke an vtter destruction for euer of anie passage or repassage to be had thensefoorth to and from the said citie vnder pretense to build and make certeine mils did erect two other weeres the one at saint Iames ouerthwart the whole riuer and the other at Lampreford by meanes whereof not onelie the citie did susteine the whole losse of the hauen but the whole countrie also was surrounded about it and in processe of time altogither and as it is at these presents couered with salt waters For which gréefs and iniuries vpon complaints made thereof diuerse sundrie writs and commissions of inquirie were awarded and granted by the king and the said earles by sundrie inquisitions and verdicts found giltie And yet notwithstanding such was their power and authoritie and such was the iniquitie of those daies as no iustice could take place nor law haue his due course against them Furthermore also the foresaid Hugh to incroch the gaine and commoditie of the lading vnlading of merchandizes within the port riuer to himselfe did build a keie and a crane in the riuer at his towne of Topesham distant from the citie about thrée miles and by power did inforce and compell all maner of merchants arriuing within that port to vnlade lade all their wares and merchandizes brought within that port to be laden and vnladen there onelie And from thense euer since all wares and merchandizes haue béene caried and recaried to and from the citie by horsse cart and waine though to the gaine of the earle and his tenants yet to the great trouble and hinderance of the citie and merchants of the same Neuerthelesse the port hath euermore and yet dooth kéepe his old and ancient name being called the port of the citie of Excester and alwaies hath béene and presentlie is paied a tribute vnto the citie by the name of the towne custome for all kind of wares and merchandizes discharged within that port or riuer or the members thereof And although the watercourse thus being destroied can hardlie be restored to his old pristinate and naturall estate for that thorough long continuance the old course can not be discerned yet now at length after manie attempts and with great expenses a watercourse and passage begun in the yeare 1564 is recouered and by certeine sluces boats and vessels of fifteene or sixtéene tuns are conueied and brought vp to the citie and there discharged at the old and ancient place called the watergate where is builded a verie faire large keie or wharfe as also an engine called a crane fit for the purpose Within the citie were somtimes but few parish churches vntill the time of Innocentius the third who when in the yeare 1198 he had established the doctrine of transubstantiation and had made it an article of the symbole as appeareth in the decretals Titulo de summa trinitate canone Firmiter then his next successor Honorius the third in the yeare 1218 did not onelie confirme the same but also by decree did establish reseruation candlelight and praieng for the dead as dooth appeare Decret tit de celebratione missarum canone Sane cum Sane cum creatura by which meanes the number of sacrificing massing priests did not onelie increase but churches also and chapels began in all places and euerie where to be builded and erected And among others in this citie in the yeare 1222 and the sixt yeare of king Henris the third the parish churches were limited and increased to the number of ninetéene churches within the citie and suburbs and were called by the name of the christianitie euen to this daie Euerie of which in times past was a sufficient and competent liuing to mainteine a massing sacrificer for such and so great was the blind deuotion of the people then in that Romish religion but the same now being abolished and the gospell preached the liuelihoods are so small as not sufficient for the most part to mainteine a poore clerke or scholar by reason thereof the most part of them doo lie void and vacant without incumbent Besides these parish churches there was also a monasterie sometimes of moonks of saint Benets order but since a cathedrall church being of a verie faire and sumptuous building of fréestone and with beautifull pillers of graie marble It standeth and is situated in the east part of the citie and as some report was first founded and built by king Etheldred the third sonne to king Ethelwolphus Some line 10 thinke that king Edgar did it True it is that euerie of them builded a house for religious persons within this citie of which the one was spoiled and burned by the Danes and the other in processe of time was vnited to the monasterie which is now the cathedrall church But the cathedrall church
and all ministers then being within the towne being neuerthelesse cléerelie excepted and diuerse prouisions also included in this selfesame proclamation for the mitigating of extremities by wrong interpreting thereof in behalfe of them that were to depart as also that the gaine that should come by euerie particular prisoner so arrested by the prouost marshall should returne to anie of the quéenes maiesties subiects by whose meane and procurement the same prisoner was detected and caused to be apprehended On mondaie the fift of Aprill the Reingraue with foure hundred horssemen and about fiue hundred footmen came downe the hill betwixt saint Addresses Englefield where sir Hugh Paulet knight met with him by appointment of the lord lieutenant accompanied with fortie horssemen and a thousand English footmen and after they had talked togither by the space of an houre they departed the one from the other maister Paulet returning to Newhauen and the Reingraue to Mondeuille the place where he vsuallie remained On Easter euen two souldiers that had serued vnder capteine Parkinson were hanged in the market place of Newhauen for running awaie to the Reingraue and vnto Diepe Another also that serued vnder capteine Turner was condemned for the like offense but pardoned throgh the great clemencie of the lord lieutenant The eight and twentith of Aprill proclamation was made that all the papists and the wiues and children of all them that were departed foorth of Newhauen and made their abode at that present in line 10 Monstreuilliers Harflue or elsewhere abroad in the countrie and likewise all other whome the last proclamation for their auoiding out of the towne in anie wise touched should depart on saturdaie then next insuing on paine to haue their bodies arrested as prisoners and their goods to be confiscate Other articles were conteined in the same proclamation as well for the forreners that should come foorth of the countrie to the market as for the behauiour and demeanor of the French inhabitants of the towne line 20 with promise of reward to such as should discouer and apprehend anie espiall either dwelling in the towne or comming and going to or from it The first of Maie Garter principall king of armes arriued at Newhauen bringing with him the garter to the lord lieutenant chosen on S. Georges daie last past to be one of the confréers of that most honorable order The fourth of Maie proclamation was made that all the French burgesses others should bring and deliuer all their armour and weapon into line 30 the towne hall of Newhauen which commandement was incontinentlie obeied and accomplished The seauenth of Maie proclamation was made for the auoiding of all such whome the former proclamations had in anie wise touched for their departure foorth of the towne that they should depart by tuesdaie next the ministers of the church excepted and that none should enter into the towne of what condition or estate soeuer he should be without licence line 40 of the lord lieutenant except he were a burgesse of the towne and of the number of those that had their names inrolled as by the rols lastlie made it might appeare on paine to be apprehended as good and lawfull prisoners The twelfe of Maie it was prohibited by proclamation to all burgesses inhabitants and others not to go vnto Harflue or Montreuilliers or elsewhere out of sight of the towne of Newhauen on paine to be taken as lawfull prisoners The fifteenth of Maie a marriner of the great line 50 gallie suffered in the market place of Newhauen for robbing and pilfering of ships there in the hauen and thrée other that were condemned for the like offense had their pardons The sixtenth of Maie was proclamation made that all Frenchmen being within the towne of Newhauen otherwise called Haure de Grace as well men women as children should depart the towne betwixt that present time and six of the clocke at night on the next daie being mondaie except surgians line 60 apothecaries bakers butchers smiths masons locksmiths carpenters and other such artificers vpon paine to be attached as good and lawfull prisoners and their goods to be confiscat By the tenor of these seuerall proclamations it maie appeare that the lord lieutenant procéeded nothing rigorouslie against the French in remoouing them foorth of the towne although it maie be that some which had to deale therein dealt hardlie inough with them But in such cases there must of necessitie be some diligent héedfulnesse vsed for otherwise in such packing away some might peraduenture carie with them too much others too litle But howsoeuer this mater was handled true it is that it was thought expedient to auoid the French out of the towne For after the duke of Guise was slaine before Orleance and that the parties were agréed as by edict of the pacification published in March last past it maie appeare the whole deuises as well of them of the one religion as the other tended to this end how to recouer the towne of Newhauen out of the Englishmens hands either by practise or open force And such intelligence was vsed betwixt the French within that towne and the enimies without to bring this to passe that the English could assure themselues no more of the one than of the other and so were driuen for their owne safeties to rid the towne of so doubtfull partakers The seuen and twentith of Maie proclamation was made that all maner of furniture and apparell apperteining to ships within the garrison hauen or rode of the towne of Newhauen should be brought in or a note to be giuen therof in writing to the lord lieutenant and councell there before twelue of the clocke the next day Saturdaie the two and twentith of Maie about one of the clocke in the morning the Reingraue with fiue hundred horsmen and twentie two ensignes of footmen came downe to the village called Lheure neere vnto the new fort which by order of the lord lieutenant was latelie before begun to be built sir Iohn Portinarie being chiefe deuiser of the fortifications about the same The enimies meaning was to haue taken the same fort by a sudden assault but the English scouts looking well to their charge gaue intelligence to the lord lieutenant thereof who incontinentlie going to the bulworke roiall set out by the posterne capteine Iohn Ward with his hundred souldiers and capteine Parkinson with his hundred to passe to the fort there to be an aid and defense to them that laie in the same About thrée of the clocke in the morning the Reingraue suddenlie with his bands of horssemen and footmen gaue them in the fort an hot alarum and immediatlie the earle of Warwike gaue in charge to these capteins Read Appleyard Tuttie Zouch Antwisell Ward Morton and Parkinson hauing with them a thousand footmen and twentie horsmen to set vpon the enimies in the village of Lheure néere adioining to the said
after a sallie made by the Englishmen and a faire skirmish betwixt them and the Frenchmen that laie afore the fort de Lheure on the tuesdaie the seauen and twentith of Iulie maister William Pelham capteine of the fort with another gentleman and a trumpetter went foorth by appointment and was receiued first by monsieur de Losses who brought him to the marshall Montmorencie and after by his appointment went with him by the Reingraues campe to the conestable and till his returne a truce was accorded on that side of the fort After that maister Pelham had talked a space with the conestable the matter was put ouer till the next daie and so he returned The morrow after being wednesdaie and the eight and twentith of Iulie the conestable about seauen of the clocke came to the end of the trenches next to the towne where sir Maurice Denis treasuror of the towne sir Hugh Paulet capteine Horseie capteine Pelham capteine Iohn Shute prouost marshall and Nicholas Malbie secretarie to my lord lieutenant came foorth and passed ouer the hauen to commune with him And during the parlee betwixt them a truce was accorded and assented to by both parts the which neuerthelesse was broken two seuerall times through the vnrulie insolencie of certeine harquebutters And though by the good diligence of the capteins they were incontinentlie quieted and staied yet the valiant earle of Warwike standing at a breach in his hose and dublet in sight of his enimies was by a lewd soldior of the French contrarie to the law of armes shot through the thigh with an harquebuse The conestable and the English commissioners appointed had long conference togither and before they concluded the marshals Montmorencie and Burdellion and at length the marshall Brissac also came to the place where they were thus in parlee but the conestable tooke vpon him to haue onelie authoritie to accept or refuse such conditions as should be offered or agreed vnto by the English commissioners in this treatie And so at length they passed certeine articles in forme as followeth The articles of agreement touching the surrender of Newhauen FIrst that the earle of Warwike should render againe the towne of Newhauen into the hands of the said conestable of France with all the artillerie and munitions of war then being in that towne and belonging to the French king and his subiects 2 Item that he should leaue the ships that were in the said towne at that present belonging either to the king or his subiects with all their furniture and generallie all such merchandize and other things being likewise at that present within that towne as either belonged to the king or his subiects 3 Item for the more suertie of the premisses the said earle should presentlie deliuer into the hands of the said conestable the great tower of the said hauen so that the soldiors which were placed therin enter not into the towne and that the said earle of Warwike should cause the gates there towards the towne to be warded till it were in the possession of the said conestable without planting anie ensigns on the said tower according to the said agréement line 10 and also that the said earle should deliuer foure such hostages as the said conestable should name 4 Item that the next daie by eight of the clocke in the morning the said earle should withdraw his soldiors which are in the fort to deliuer it immediatlie into the hands of the said conestable or such as should be by him appointed to receiue the same at the said houre 5 Item that all prisoners which haue béene taken before the said hauen should be deliuered on either side without paieng anie ransome line 20 6 Item that the conestable should for his part suffer the said earle of Warwike and all those that are in garrison in the said Newhauen to depart with all things whatsoeuer that belonged to the quéene of England and hir subiects 7 Item that for the departure as well of the said earle as the remoouing of his soldiors and other things before rehearsed the said conestable agréed to giue them six whole daies beginning the morrow then next following to wit the nine and twentith of line 30 Iulie during which six daies they might frankelie and fréelie take and carrie awaie all the said things And if wind or foule weather shuld hinder that their passage could not be made within the said terme in this case the said conestable should grant them such further time of delaie as might be thought reasonable 8 Item the said conestable did likewise permit that all the ships and English vessels and all other that should be appointed for the portage and conueieng awaie line 40 of the said things should safelie and fréelie passe into and fro the said hauen without anie staie or impeachment either by the French armie or anie other The said foure hostages were appointed to be maister Oliuer Maners brother to the earle of Rutland capteine Pelham capteine Horseie and capteine Leighton In witnesse wherof the said lords the conestable of France the earle of Warwike signed these articles the eight and twentith of Iulie 1563. Thus the earle of Warwike as he had during the whole time of his abode there in that towne of Newhauen shewed himsefe a right hardie valiant capteine so now in the end he prooued himselfe to be both prudent and politike For by accepting of these honorable conditions to go with all armor munition ships goods bag and baggage in anie wise apperteining or belonging either to the quéenes maiestie or to anie of hir graces subiects he saued the liues of line 60 a great number which otherwise scaping the scourge of the infectiue plague must néeds haue fallen vnder the edge of the sword The conestable during the time of the parlée sent his yoongest sonne monsieur de Thorree to the king and queene mother to aduertise them of the treatie of this peace And after it was once concluded and signed by the erle of Warwike he sent his eldest sonne the marshall Montmorencie to present the same vnto them at Criquetot halfe waie betwéene Newhauen and Fescampe who were right ioifull of the news and the next daie they came to the campe shewing great signes of their conceiued gladnesse for the recouering of that towne thus out of the Englishmens hands On saturdaie the most part of the Englishmen tooke ship and departed homewards for glad might he thinke himselfe that could get soonest out of that vnwholsome and most vnsauorie aire Manie sicke persons yet were left behind impotent and not able to helpe themselues The miserie whereof Edward Randoll esquire high marshall of the towne who was appointed to tarrie and sée the vttermost of the composition accomplished perceiuing mooued with naturall pitie of his countrimen relinquished without comfort caused the said sicke persons to be caried aboord not sparing his owne shoulders at that time féeble and full of
new hauen of greater importance and better securitie than euer it was before For as you haue heard Douer cliffes naturallie defend this baie from all tempests comming from the northeast and northwest the pierre yet remaining gardeth it from the west and southwest winds the shelfe of beach crossing from the end thereof to the Castell Raie had made such a close pent as if anie ships could be conueied thereinto they might there rest in great safetie The roome within this close baie conteineth almost fortie acres and the riuer as I haue said runneth quite through the same immediatlie into the maine sea at south so as the said pent being surrounded at euerie high water and lieng almost bare at euerie ebbe the ouze or â—lâ—ech grew to be fouretéene or fiftéene foot déepe the bottome thereof being a maine rocke of chalke insomuch as a great multitude of ships might be placed there in good securitie if the entrance could be made good These things considered by men of good capacitie and experience sundrie deuises and conceipts were exhibited therabouts whereof some séemed verie probable and were the rather heard and commended for that the worke was so necessarie and beneficiall to the commonwealth And in that respect it pleased the queenes maiestie to grant to the towne of Douer towards the reparing of their hauen the frée transportation of thirtie thousand quarters of wheat ten thousand quarters of barlie and malt and foure thousand tun of béere without paieng either custome or impost which was a gift of no small importance For besides great summes of monie alreadie leuied and imploied vpon the beginning of these works the licence or patent was sold to a couple of merchants of London named Iohn Bird and Thomas Wats after the rate of thrée shillings and foure pence for euerie quarter of wheat and two shillings and eight pence for euerie quarter of barlie and malt and the licence of béere being sold to diuerse others amounted to foure thousand marks at the least Besides all this it was enacted in the parlement holden the three and twentith yeare of the reigne of hir maiestie for and in the considerations aforesaid and for that there was a probable plot contriued by skilfull men to be performed for a conuenient sum of monie that for euerie ship vessell or craier whereof anie of hir maiesties subiects were owners or part-owners being of the line 10 burthen of twentie tuns or vpwards loding or discharging within this realme or passâ—ng to or fro anie forren countrie during the space of seuen yeres then next insuing from fortie daies after the end of the same session of parlement there should be paid for euerie such voiage by the maister or owner of all such vessels c the summe of thrée pence for euerie tun of the burthen of such ship c. Hereby there grew great summes of monie to be yearelie leuied toward these works amounting to one thousand pounds yearelie at the least and yet the line 20 time not expired by two yeares After this hir maiestie being carefull that the hauen should with expedition be taken in hand directed hir letters patents dated the nine and twentith daie of March in the foure and twentith yeare of hir reigne to the lord Cobham lord warden of hir cinque ports c sir Thomas Scot sir Iames Hales knights Thomas Wootton Edward Bois the maior of the towne of Douer present and to come Richard Barrie lieutenant of line 30 the castell of Douer Henrie Palmer Thomas Digs Thomas Wilford and William Partridge esquires all which were of the shire and men of great wisedome and iudgement and no small trauellers in matters concerning the common wealth some of them maruellous expert in affaires and matters of the seas some in fortifications some hauing trauelled beyond the seas for experience and conference that waie and to sée the order of forren seaworks and hauens and none without singular vertues In line 40 which respect they were commissionated and authorised by those presents to doo and foresee to be doone from time to time all things needfull and requisit to be imploied about the reparing and mending of the said hauen and as might tend to the furtherance of the said seruice and to choose officers and assigne their stipends and the seuerall fées of all ministers attendants and clerks néedfull for the substantiall necessarie spéedie and cheape dooing thereof and therein to set downe particular orders and directions as might be for the furtherance and accomplishing of the said line 50 works most expedient Now for the performance hereof manie plots by sundrie persons were deuised and first of all one Iohn True was commended or at the least commended him selfe to the lords of hir maiesties priuie councell to whome he made great shew to be an expert enginor and by their lordships he was sent to Douer and presented to be generall surueior of the works as one in whome they reposed great hope of furthering and finishing the said hauen whereof he line 60 made no doubt but resolutelie promised the spéedie execution and accomplishing thereof His deuise and determination was to make within the said baie néere to the shelfe of beach a long wall from the water gate out of which the riuer issueth into the harborough to the blacke bulworke in length two hundred rods This wall was to bée made of excellent stone at Folkstone the which he framed after a strange and contrarie kind of workmanship And there was for this purpose alreadie perfectlie hewed of the same stone seuen thousand foot and six thousand foot more was scapled he bestowed and spent thereabouts one thousand two hundred fourescore and eight pounds as appeareth in the accounts of the treasurors for that time being and yet there was not one stone of his said long wall laid nor that hitherto hath come to anie profitable vse But this wall if it had beene or rather could haue béene finished it would haue cost a hundred thousand pounds and yet would neuer haue serued the turne For a stone wall is so contrarie to the nature of that sandie foundation as it can make no good coniunction nor perfect pent For the furtherance of his deuise he would haue plucked downe a great part of the old pierre whereof there was then too little remaining he detracted the time for he had ten shillings a daie allowed vnto him for his fée which perhaps he was loth to forgo He either could or would not render anie reason to the commissioners of his dooings and finall purpose but alwaies said he would make them a good hauen neither would he set downe anie time certeine for the accomplishing thereof All these matters with his negligence delaies vntowardlinesse of his works being aduertised to the lords of hir maiesties councell he was dismissed After whom one Ferdinando Poins who had béene conuersant and acquainted with water works in the low
for the cheapnesse supposed though in déed the contrarie fell out in demand partlie for the expedition promised which could neuer haue béene performed partlie for that he was knowne to be a speciall executioner in Woolwich breaches being workes defensatiue against inuasion of waters as yet vnaccomplished though no small charges haue béene therein imploied for the recouerie of two thousand acres of excellent marsh land lieng seuen miles from London in the parishes of Plumsted Erith c lost by a breach made in the wals there with a tempest about the yeare of our Lord one thousand fiue hundred and thirtie to the vndooing of manie but speciallie of sir Edward Boulton knight partlie also he was hearkened vnto for that he was reputed to be a good enginor partlie for his experience in forren works partlie for his resolutenesse but especiallie for that he made a shew of more cunning than he would vtter so as although his deuise for the erection of the wals was finallie reiected yet was the matter brought to further conference For he was commended to the lords of hir maiesties priuie councell and namelie to sir Francis Walsingham knight principall secretarie to hir highnesse to whome was happilie referred the consideration and chiefe direction of all matters concerning these works wherin he dealt from time to time with as great care trauell and circumspection as though his owne estate had depended vpon the well proceeding thereof Whatsoeuer was thought necessarie to be doone thereabouts was alwaies aduertised by the commissioners vnto him and his opinion and direction required and he without good conference and probabilitie would enter into no action concerning this matter Now therefore he wrote to sir Thomas Scot requiring him to send vp some sufficient person acquainted exercised in Romneie marsh works to satisfie the lords of the councell in all such doubts as should be obiected speciallie by maister Burroughs who had more liking of the shipwrights maner of worke than either of the Romneie marsh works exhibited by sir Thomas Scot or of Plumsted works propounded by Ferdinando Poins Wherein sir Francis Walsingham shewed maister Digs his defense his owne good liking of the earthen wals onelie requiring that sir Thomas Scot would throughlie informe himselfe by conference with the marshmen to answer certeine obiections which he there inclosed sent downe vnto him in writing concerning the passage of the long wall and the distance thereof from the shore the higâ—h and tightnes of the same the conueniencie of the foundation the manner of stuffe the time of finishing the breadth below and at the top the vndertakers thereof and of their assurance c and lastlie that some sufficient person should be sent vp to confer in these matters All which points were so answered by sir Thomas Scot as sir Francis Walsingham was greatlie satisfied thereby Concerning the dooing thereof by great sir Thomas Scots aduise was that séeing it was a princes charge it might rather be performed by daie workers and good ouerséers than by great wherein no man would aduenture in respect of the quantitie of the charge and difficultie of the works without certeintie of great gaines Neuerthelesse if it were so set downe by the lords of the priuie councell that it should be doone no other waie but by great he himselfe would vndertake it better cheape than anie other had profered to doo it by fiue hundred marks and to that effect would put in verie good and sufficient assurance Presentlie after the receipt of those letters sir Thomas Scot sent to the court a kinsman of his named Reinold Scot who had béene deputed a surueior of Romneie marsh by the space of foure yeares togither and Reinold Smith who had béene clearke of Romneie marsh and a continuall dealer about those wals by the space of thirtie years These two repairing first to Douer to consider of the earth which should serue to make the wals of the line 10 pent of Douer hauen and to search where such earth as would serue that turne might most conuenientlie and néerest hand be had with pasture for horsses which should be imploied for carriage thereof procéeded to the court at Richmont where they attended on maister secretarie Walsingham on the mondaie and tuesdaie before Easter daie 1583 and after conference had with him they deliuered vnto him certeine notes in writing from sir Thomas Scot conteining necessarie orders and recounting line 20 the charges businesse and offices c incident to the erection of these walles imitating as neere as time place and matter would giue leaue the maner of Romneie marsh works wherein he remembred or rather required a yeerelie assemblie of commissioners at Douer in Easter wéeke as is by the lords of Romneie marsh at Whitsuntide with the election of officers and set downe the dutie and charge of ech officer the order of the works what prouision of stuffe should be made to wit of timber thorne faggots néedels keies béetels piles pasture earth line 30 with totall sums of all officers fées of all stuffe and prouision of all the labourers and of all the cariages which estimat was little or nothing differing from the charge as it fell out sauing that where he set it downe that both walles might be finished in two summers he accomplished them in one quarter of a yéere beyond promise or expectation Maister secretarie Walsingham hauing perused these notes seene the maner of the works rates set downe therein liked verie well thereof howbe line 40 it he strictlie examined the parties aforesaid how those works could be performed at so low prices and especiallie how so manie courts could be prouided without commission or griefe to the countrie euerie court hauing a horsse and a driuer and all for twelue pence a day in a place where pastures are for the most part barreâ— and hard to be gotten and both that and all other things but especiallie vittels extreame déere But being satisfied herein by the said Reinold Scot Reinold Smith he thought line 50 good neuerthelesse to send them two accompanied with Thomas Digs esquier and William Burroughs gentleman to confer with sir William Winter the said Ferdinando Poins the Plumsted men which were workemen in Woolwich and Erith breaches who propounded to the said workemen certeine questions at the house of sir William Winter at Tower hill Wherein they were demanded amongst other things whether they euer had heretofore made anie wals whereby water line 60 hath beene pent to anie highth and vpon what foundation or soile they were set and of what substance their wals were made and whether they could remedie such wals if they leaked or could worke in water and finallie what they would aske for a rod dooing and what suerties they could put in for the tightnesse of their worke Ferdinando Poins and his Plumsted men answered verie comfortablie to euerie question they séemed ignorant in nothing and promised to performe
strangelie saued from drowning 41 b 30. Hanged for fauouring rebels 943 a 60 Butterwife set on the pillorie 702 b 40 C. CAdwallon prince of Wales slaine 103 b 20 Caen taken by the English 559 b 60. Besieged and yéelded to the French king 630 a 50 Cages and stocks ordeined 792 a 10 Caldwell doctor in physicke founder of surgerie lecture in London note 1349 a 20 c. Deceaseth his distributions in his life and bequests after his death his commentaries vpon Paulus Aegineta and other books his infirmitie that was his end his age 1369 b 10 c. His armes blasoned his epitaph 1370 a 10 20 Calendar ¶ Sée Kalendar Calis the French commissioners would haue rased to the ground 480 a 40. PreparacioÌ„ made to win it the enimies frustrated 536 b 10 40. Besieged note the commodiousnesse of that towne 373 b 10. Surrendred to Edward the third vpon what conditions 377 b 60. Inexpugnable note 375 a 10. Six burgesses thereof presented to Edward the third 378 a 10. yéelded to the king of England 378 a 30. Made a colonie oâ— English a practise to betraie it Edward the third passeth ouer secretlie thither 378 a 30 40 b 40 60. Not furnished with a sufficient number of men deliuered to the French 1135 a 10 b 60. Rifled spoiled by the French the poorest auoid out of the same conquered and lost in lesse than eight yéeres how long in possession of the kings of England 1136 a 10 50 b 10 20. Hauen the Frenchmens mening to destroie the same disappointed 878 b 50. How the French were in loue with it after it was lost note the words of the lord Cordes 771 a 20. King Henrie the seauenth saileth thither 788 a 10 c. The mart of all English commodities kept there 778 a 20. The duke of Burgognies armie of 40000 men 613 b 60. Besieged he breaketh vp his sieâ—e and flieth 614 a 20 b 30. A report that Richard the second ment to resigne it into the French kings hands 462 b 10. The ioie that the French made euerie waie for the getting of it 1136 b 60 1137 a 10. The French king goeth to visit Calis 1141 b 20. The losse thereof with what indignation quéene Marie taketh it 1149 b 40. Might haue béene recouered from the French 1150 b 60. The eleuenth king from the conquest got it and the eleuenth againe after him lost it 1161 b 10. Quéene Marie pensile for the losse of it the cause of hir sicknesse and death 1151 b 10 20. Triumphs in France for the geâ—ting againe thereof 1141 a 30. ¶ Sée Calis Duke and Uictorie Caluerleie knight a valiant capteine 418 b 60. He recouereth Marke castell 419 a 10. His exploits against the French 419 b 10. His valiantnes 422 b 50 Cambridge quéene Elisabeths progresse thither 1206 b 20 c. Presenteth a â—aire statelie cup to quéene Elisabeth 1299 a 10. ¶ Sée Emanuell college Campeius refuseth to giue iudgement in the matter of Henrie the eight his vnlawfull mariage with quéen Katharine 908 b 50 60. ¶ Sée Cardinall Campians description of cardinall Woolseie 917 b 20 ¶ See préests seminarie Campbell a Scotish pirat or rouer taken on the sea 872 b 20 Canons regular put in préests places 100 a 10. Of Yorke refuse to receiue the archbishop of Canturburie as their primat 147 b 60 Canonizing of kings déere 691 a 40 Canturburie ¶ Sée archbishoprike Canutus ment to haue attempted a subduing of London and what hindered 7 a 30. Discomfited by the Normans retireth to his ships 7 a 40. ¶ See Osâ—orne Cardinall Campeius sent into England about Henrie the eight his vnlawfull mariage 906 b 60 Sent from the pope the causes of his staieng at Calis receiued with great pompe what trash was inclosed in his chests the pomp of him and Woolseie going to the court 845 a 10 c. Of Canturburie thought the fittest man to deale with the quéene for surrendring hir sonne 717 a 50 he vseth another waie to persuade hir 720 b 20. De Comos letter to Parrie touching resolution to kill the quéene 1388 b 10 c. Gualo commeth ouer into England 192 a 20. A couetous prelat and fauourer of king Iohn 187 b 20. Iohannes de Anagnia prohibited to passe no further into England than Douer 120 a 60 b 10. Nicholas sent into England to take awaie the interdiction 181 b 20. Octauianus legat into Ireland 110 b 30. And what words Richard the first vsed to him against Rome 123 b 50. Otho commeth into England the lords grudge at his receiuing without their knowledge he is praised for his sober behauiour strifes by him are compounded 221 b 30 c. He holdeth a synod at London he goeth to Oxford a fraie betwixt his men the scholers his cooke slaine he complaineth to the king he cursseth the misdooers 222 a 10 c. Made to blush at a Charterhouse moonks words 225 b 10. Lieth in the wind still for the popes profit 224 a 40 c b 40. Beginneth to looke to his owne commoditie 224 a 10. His persuasions to the English cleargie touching tribute to the pope frustrate 208 a 40 50 c b 10. Peito become a begging frier 1365 b 10. Petrus Hispanus sent from the pope the cause of his comming his demand of monie of religious houses 315 b 50 60. He preacheth cursseth Bruse the vsurper 316 a 10. Piergot his trauell to treat a peace betwéene both kings of England France 388 b 40 note Poole made archbishop of Canturburie 1132 a 10. Was to reduce the church of England to the popes obedience 1092 a 10. Sent for home into England 1092 b 60 The councell diuided about the receiuing of him 1093 a 10. Arriueth at Douer his restitution in bloud commeth to the parlement house his oration there tending to the publike estate 1122 all Against the pope 1365 a 60. CoÌ„meth to Pauls crosse in great pompe 1126 a 60. A supplication exhibited vnto him his authoritie apostolike note 1123 a 60. His malâ—ce against Henrie the eight 1134 b 60. Boners letter touching persecution vnto him staieth Boners crueltie somewhat a papist but no blâ—udie papist halfe suspected for a Lutheran at Rome an errant traitor seditious and impudent his treasons detected by his owne brother woorse than a pagan 1164 all Unkind to Henrie the â—ight that brought him vp the manner of his death anâ— distribution of his goods 1165 a 10 20 c. Deceaseth described 1162 a 60 earnest in burning the bones of the dead b 10 articles touching the cleargie to be inquired of in his visitation 30 c and the laitie 1163 a 30. Of Praxed liberall of the faculties note 428 b 60 429 a 10 c. Uiuiano of S. Stephans in mount Celio 100 a 40. Of Winchester complained against by the duke of Glocester 620 a 50 c. Otherwise called the rich cardinall deceaseth note 627 b 20. Woolseie ¶ Sée Woolseie Cardinall commeth into
somtime recorder of Couentrie Empson indicted â—ound guiltie 〈◊〉 plague 1â—â—0 The king run 〈◊〉 at tilt in 〈◊〉 owne â—erson 〈◊〉 Hall in 〈…〉 vj. The king 〈◊〉 other 〈◊〉 disguised 〈◊〉 Robin â—â—ods men 〈◊〉 disport â— banket The king and others disguised after the Turkish â—â—â—hion A maske wherein the king was an actor Certeine ladies richlie attired and aâ—ter a strange fashion The ladie Marie sister to the king Edw. Hall in Hen. 8. fol. vij Running at the ring The king verie roiallie arraied runneth at the ring in the sight of the ambassadours beareth the prise awaie King Henrie goeth a maieng with other of his courtiers The king a good archer The king chalengeth all commers at sundrie exercises of actiuitie Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 894. Pouls schoole The king â—â—parelâ—ed 〈◊〉 one of the gard The king fighteth witâ— a battle are against an Almaine The king with his â—â—sistants chalengeth all commers at tilt A roiall 〈◊〉 A maske of fourteene 〈…〉 The birth of 〈◊〉 first 〈◊〉 sonne of king Henâ—â— the eight â— goodlie 〈◊〉 of a moueâ—â— pageant A sâ—lemne 〈◊〉 at Westminster â— pageant 〈◊〉 like a 〈◊〉 forrest 〈…〉 The foure knights issue out of the pageant all armed Gorgeous shewes in apparell The king vnder a pauilion of cloth of gold and purple veluet c. Sir Charles Brandon on horssebacke in a long robe of russet sattâ—re like a religious person Henrie Guilford esquier in russet cloth of gold with his deuise The marquesse Dorset and sir Thomas Bullen like pilgrims The great O neall made knight A pageant deuised to run vpon whéeles A goodlie sheâ— of the king fiue other with him The rudeneâ—â— of the people assembled to sée the sheweâ— The departure of the kings yoong sonne out of this life Ambassadorâ— from the king of Spaine 〈◊〉 aid against tâ—â— Moores Lord Darcâ—e knight of the garter Anno reg â— The seuenth 〈◊〉 hath Iohn Stow. Empson and Dudleie beheaded The king lost much monie at tenise Anno Reg. 3. 〈◊〉 Hill in 〈◊〉 8. fol. xj 1â— The king and three other courtiers challengers A deuise of a ship vnder sâ—â—le The king brake more staues than the rest and had the prise giuen him The lord Darcie and his companie readie at Plimmouth Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall in Hen. 8. fol. xij The vnruliâ— behauiour of the Englishmen The lord Darcie honorablie receiued of the K. of Aragons councell The lord Darcie discontented at the bishops declaration A shrewd traie begun vpon a small occasion Edw. Hall The English men desire to sée the Spanish court The lord Darcie returneth out of Spaine The duchesse of Sauoie seÌ„deth to king Henrie for aid against the duke of Gelders Thom. 〈◊〉 gouernour of the English ordinance The sort is woone The towne of Aiske burned Uenlow besieged by the English The duchesse of Sauoie bestoweth new coats on the English soldiors Andrew Barton a â—â—â—tish pirat A cruell fight 〈◊〉 the sea beâ—â—eene the said pirat and 〈◊〉 lâ—rds Howards Andrew BartoÌ„ slaine 〈◊〉 Fl. ex Edâ— Hall in 〈◊〉 fol. xvj The Scots prisoners in 〈◊〉 bishop of â—orks place King Henrie the eight taketh the popes part against the French king Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 314. Cardinall S. Petri ad vâ—â—cula made pope Pope Iulie a factious fellow and an enimie to peace Indirect meanes to atteine the popedome A prouerbe vpon the popes dissembling Guiâ—c 305. Buch. in Psal. 15. Abr. Fl. ex Ed. Hall in Hen. 8 fol. xv Christmasse pastimes or delights at Gréenwich The king fiue other assaile the castell Maskers disguised after the Italian fashion A parlement The summe of the bishop of Canturburies oration in the parlement Abr. Fl. ex 〈◊〉 pag. 896. Newbolt a yeoman of 〈◊〉 gard hangeâ— Gâ— Ha. in 〈◊〉 5. Edw. Hall in Hen. 8. fol. xij Ierome Boâ—â—uise the popes collector and proctor in England a false knaue The Frenâ—â— king hath 〈◊〉 hands full of troubles Anno Reg 4 Sir Edmuâ—â— Howard 〈◊〉 admerall Noblemen appointed 〈◊〉 the viage Biskaie The English nobles arriue on the câ—ast of Bisâ—â—â—e The English campe greatlie hindered for want of beasts to draw their â—rdinance A gentle offer by the king of Nauarre to the Englâ—shmen The effect of the bishops message sent from the king of Aragon to the lord marquessâ— Great death of the flix by vnwoonted diet The lord marquesse sendeth to the K. of Spaine to performe promise The king of Spaines armie vnder the conduct of the duke of Alua. The kingdom of Nauarre gotten to the K. of Spaine A fraie betwéene the Englishmen the townesmen of Sancta Maria. S. Iâ—hans burnt by the English The English campe in Biskaie breaketh vp The armie dispersed into sundrie villages Unappeaceable rage amongest the English souldiers The English armie returneth out of Biskaie The lord admerall in Britaine Conquer and diuerse other places burnt by sir Edward Howard lord admerall of England Diuers gentlemen knighted by the lord admerall The request of the lords of Britaine to the lord admerall A truce required for six daies â— description 〈…〉 sâ—ewes 〈◊〉 triumphs 〈…〉 The king 〈◊〉 to Porâ—â—sâ—â—uth 〈◊〉 capâ—â—â—s ouer 〈◊〉 ships The kings 〈◊〉 setteth 〈◊〉 The English 〈◊〉 incounâ—â—reth with the French 〈◊〉 the coast 〈◊〉 Britaine A cruell fight betwixt the two nauies The English Regent and the French Carrik burnt togither The French nauie flieth The kings ship roiall called Henrie grace de Dieu A parlement wherein it was concluded that king Henrie in proper person should inuade France Abr. Fl. ex I.S. pag. 897. Great subsidie Bow stéeple builded Kings palace at Westminster burned Edmund de la Poole behâ—aded Fâ—l Hall in 〈◊〉 8. fol. xxij 〈◊〉 descriptâ—â—n of a rich mount being â— Christmasse 〈◊〉 Sir Charles Brandon created vicount Lisle The nauie set out againe The English nauie purposing to set vpon the French in the hauen are defeated by a mischaÌ„ce The lord admerall would haue the king present in person at the encounter and is rebuked Guic. pag 32â— Anno Reg. 5. A consultatiâ—â— about the assaulting of Prior Iehâ—â— The admerall roweth into the baie where the Prior laie Sir Edward and Howard admerall drowned The French gallies land in Sussex and 〈◊〉 certeine cotages The lord Thomas Howard made admerall The earle of Shrewesburie sent into France with 〈◊〉 armie The English armie marcheth vnto Terwine The baron of Carew slaine The lord Pontremie capteine of Terwine Terwine besieged The king in person pasteth ouer into France The order of the kings armie * This man was afterward cardinall The French armie approcheth their number The northern prickers plaie the men The drie wednesdaie The bombard called the red gun ouerthrowne The great gun gotten by the French by the foolish hardinesse of the maister carpenter The lord Walon sendeth the earle of Essex word that he is come to serue the king of England The king incampeth to Arkes The king nameth to â—â—siege Edâ— Hall in 〈◊〉 8. fol. 28.
〈◊〉 and affâ—ction of the lord lieutenant to performe the premisses sigâ—nified and by good proofe 〈◊〉 stified The states agnise the pâ—â—â—emptorie authoritie put into the lord lieutenants hands in respect of his gouernment Like authâ—â—â—tie giuen to the lord lieutenant as other gouernours his 〈◊〉 â—â—â—decessors 〈◊〉 had in the 〈◊〉 countries â—n acknowledgement and performance of dutie and elegiance inioined to all persons of the low countries vnder paine of punishâ—ent to the lord lieutenant All pretense of ignorance cut off least the course of obeâ—â—ence might be hindered Councellors 〈◊〉 matters of late elected by the lord â—â—eutenant â—â—wes for capteinâ— and souldiours The lord lâ—eutenant commeth from the Hage to Harlem how he was receiued Utricht people commended for their great kindnes shewed to the Englishmen S. Georges feast solemntlie obserued at Utricht S. Georges feast solemnlie obserued at Utricht L. lieutenant inuested in the robes of order Martin Skinke knighted who promised Portcullis to shew him seuentie ensignes that he had now in the field Seminarie préests execâ—â—tâ—d at Tiburne A wench burnt in Smithfield Archbishop Canturburiâ— lord Cobhaâ— lord Buckâ—hurst of the priuie councell Pag. 1435 〈◊〉 The numâ—â—â— of archbishâ—â— of Canturâ—â—â—rie from thâ— first to the 〈◊〉 Considerations whie the building of Douer hauen is here recorded Douer the néerest place of England to France Douer the most conuenient place of England for a hauen Reasons whie a harbor at Douer would be so beneficiall A true commendation of quéene Elisabeth The 〈…〉 Douer wâ—ll mainteine a hauen there for euer In peramb. Cant. 〈◊〉 Douer Douer castell reedified by queene Elisabeth Edward the fourth bestowed ten thousand pounds vpon reparations of Douer castell The situation of Douer harbour A naturall rode for ships at Douer The hauen of Rie decaied whereby more néed of a harbour at Douer Ships lost for lacke of sufficient harbour at Douer The first benefit bestowed on Douer harbour Little paradise In the reigne of Edward the Confessor Sir Iohn Thomson préest his supplication Fiue hundred pounds giuen by Henrie the eight towards a beginning of Douer works The maison de Dieu of Douer Surueiors ouerséers Sir Iohn Thomsons deuise discouered The Molehead Douer pierre when it was taken in hand and whereof it consisted A notable dâ—uise to carrie great rocks by water Foure pence a daie A Gaboth The charge of the pierre The kings care for Douer pierre The kings repaire to Doâ—er The cause of the decaie of the pierre Officers about the pierre The ruine of Douer pierre Stone called beach or bowlder choked vp Douer hauen Two causes of the decaie of Douer pie rre Someâ—iâ—e no harborough at all at Douer How Douer was made desolat That beach which destroied the pierre helpeth now the hauen A bountifull gift of quéene Elisabeth towards the reparing of Douer hauen The patent of the quéenes gift sold vnto two merchants The act of parlement for Douer hauen 23. Elisab Thrée pence the tun of euerie vessell allowed towards Douer hauen The tunnage amounted to 1000 pounds yearelie The tenure of the quéens commission for Douer hauen Iohn True suruâ—ior generall of Douer hauen The deuise of Iohn True Stone heâ—ed at Folkestone amounting to 1288 pounds Infinit charge to accomplish the stone wall Iohn True had ten shillings a day for his fée Iohn True is dismissed Ferdinando Poins Poins his groine The pent 16 acres The length of the long wall The crosse wall The rode for ships One thousand pounds to Ferdinando Poins Customer Smith Uarietie of deuises Sir W. Winter sent to Douer to surueie the harbor c. Sir Thomas Scot. The wals of Romneie marsh subiect to the raging seas All the commissioners ioine with sir Thomas Scot and allow his deuise Seuen inuincible reasons against the woodden wall The lord treasurors resolution Of Woolwich and Erith breaches Secretarie Walsingham the chiefe director and furtherer of Douer hauen No dealing by great in matters of excessiue charge and danger Sir Thomas Scots notes Douer pent finished in thrée moneths Reinold Scot and Rafe Smith examined by maister secretarie about the wals of the pent Questions propounded to Poins and the Plumsted men Sir Thomas Scots deuise allowed by the lords of the councell The resolution at a conference at Douer Officers elected at Douer The commoditie of the pent Woolwich breach recouerable Euerie degrée willing to set forward this worke Six hundred courts imploied at once in these works Iohn Smith the â—â—penditor Iohn Keies gentleman chiefe purueior A horsâ—e a court and a driuer for twelue pence the daie The quantitie of one court or tumbrell A benefit to 〈◊〉 â—east The 〈◊〉 substance of the walâ—s The disposing of the works Henrie Guilford esquier capteine of Arcliffe castell The beginning of the great works at Doâ—â—r Reasons for the difficultie of the crosse wall This worke vndertaken and other reiected by sir Thomas Scots means Bowle a notable good workman Commissioners Treasuror Two iuraâ—â— called directors Eight guâ—ders Eight vntingers Eight sheâ—uers Eight â—â—â—gers Laborers Scauelmen Béetlemen Armors The order of arming Inferior purueiors Clerke Expenditor The groine kéeper The maneâ— of the wall worke How the wall was saued from being wasted The inconuenience which would haue folâ—owed the diuerting of the riuer another waie A sluse made for diuerse good purposes A difficult and dangerous worke Gods blessing and fauour shewed to the works of Doâ—er Dangers happilie escaped Boies plaie The flag of libertie * Or six A commendation of them which wrought or had anie charge about Douer works Sir Thomas Scot fell sicke in Douer works The death of the ladie Scot. The bredth depth length and charge of the long and crosse wall with the â—â—â—ming c. A necessarie remedie if water draine vnder the wall Expedition necessarie and profitable The state of the wals A sure triall latelie made of the good effect of the pent A gaâ—e of the â—â—use broken Edward Wootton esquire ambassador into France The effect of the pent Of the sluse The lord Cobham remaineth at Douer one whole moneth Sir Francis Walsingham principall fréend to these works Of the latâ— works The note of Iohn Hooker aliâs Vowell concerning the sudden and strange sickenesse of late happening in Excester The originalâ— cause of this infection whereto imputed Barnard Drake esquier The mischiefe of nastie apparell The assise at Excester appointed to be quarterlie kept This sicknes was contagious mortall Principall men that died of that infection Sir Iohn Chichester and sir Arthur Basset bemoned and commended Eleuen of the iurie with other officers die of this â—â—ckenesse Affliction draweth men to God c. An introductâ—â—â— to the historicall remembrance of the Sidneis the father and the sonne c. The note of Edmund Molineux touching sir Henrie Sidneis life and death His education in his youth His â—â—â—â—â—â—ment in ambassage Foure times lord iustice thrise lord deputie of Ireland He suppressed by force and policie
him of his ransome and set him at libertie This fact of the king was roiall in deed and his clemencie greatlie to be commended therfore it is well said to this purpose Gloria consequitur reges sic bella gerentes Sic certare parit decus immortale duello About the end of August the death in London ceassed which had bin so great vehement within that ciitie that ouer beside the bodies buried in other accustomed burieng places which for their infinit number cannot be reduced into account there were buried that yeare dailie from Candlemasse till Easter in the Charterhouse yard of London more than two hundred dead corpses Also this yeare by the earnest sute of the two cardinals which were sent as ye haue heard from pope Clement the sixt a peace was concluded for one yeare There met néere vnto Calis for the treatie of this peace the foresaid two cardinals as mediators and for the king of England the bishop of Norwich treasuror and high chancellor of the realme with others came thither as commissioners and in like maner for the French king there appeared the bishop of Lion and the abbat of S. Denise ¶ This yeare in August died Philip de Ualois the French king Here is to be noted that all those that were borne after the beginning of that great mortalitie whereof ye haue heard wanted foure cheeke teeth when they came to the time of growth of those 32 which the people before that time commonlie vsed to haue so that they had but 28. In this 24 yeare of this kings reigne there was a combat fought in lists within the kings palace of Westminster betwixt the lord Iohn bastard sonne to Philip king of France a knight of the towne of Ypres in Flanders but the bastard had the vpper hand and vanquished his aâ—uersarie ¶ About the feast of the decollation of saint Iohn Baptist king Edward aduertised of a fléet of Spaniards returning foorth of Flanders that was laden with clothes and other riches assembled a conuenient power of men of armes and archers at Sandwich tooke the sea with them sailing foorth till vpon the coast of Winchelsie he met with the Spaniards and there assailed them so that betwixt him and those Spaniards there was a sore fight and long continued to the great losse of people on both parts but in the end the bright beame of victorie shone vpon the English sailes so that all the Spaniards were slaine for they were so proud and obstinat as Walsingham affirmeth that they would not yéeld but rather choose to die so they did indéed either on the Englishmens weapons points or else were they drowned there in the sea six and twentie of their ships were taken in the which was found great store of good ware and riches And so the king thought himselfe well reuenged of the Spaniards which in the last yeare about Alhallontide had entred into the riuer of Garons as it runneth vp towards Burdeaux and there finding manie ships fraught with wines slue all the Englishmen they found aboord and tooke awaie the ships with them which iniurie line 10 mooued the king to enterprise this exploit now at this time against them About the beginning of August sir Raoull de Cahors and diuerse other knights and esquiers to the number of six score men of armes fought before a castell called Auleon with sir Thomas Dagworth and there slue the same sir Thomas and to the number of one hundred men of armes with him There were sent solemne messengers this yeare vnto Auignion for the establishing of a peace mentioned line 20 betwixt the king of England and France at the sute of the pope so that king Edward should haue resigned his title and claime to the crowne of France and the French king should haue giuen ouer vnto him the whole duchie of Guien to hold the same freelie without knowledging of resort or superioritie or dooing any manner of homage for the same but such delaies were made and the sute so prolonged by the pope that the erale of Derbie who with others was sent to him about this matter returned without line 30 spéed of his purpose for the which he went In the fiue and twentith yeare of king Edwards reigne the Frenchmen hauing laid siege vnto the towne of saint Iohn Dangeli the lord Dalbrets son hauing assembled six hundred men of armes Gascoigns and Englishmen meant to worke some feat for reliefe of them within whervpon as he was marching through the countrie of Xainctonge neere vnto Xaincts the eighth of Aprill or as other haue the first he was incountered by the lord Guie de Néell one of line 40 the marshals of France other French lords where at length the Frenchmen were discomfited manie also slaine and diuerse taken prisoners of which number was the said marshall with his brother the lord William and sir Arnold de Dandrehen beside others to the number of 300 men of armes but yet the siege remained till for want of vittels the towne was rendered to the Frenchmen The same yeare in October an English archer of the garison of Calis named Iohn of Dancaster by line 50 licence of the lord deputie of Calis tooke with him threescore persons men of armes and archers and in the night that goeth before the feast daie of S. Uincent in the last quarter of the same night he comming to the castell of Guines found as well the watch as others fast asâ—â—â—pe wherevpon he passed a water that adioined to the castell wading vp to the girdle and so came to the wall where he his companie rearing vp ladders mounted by the same so secretlie that slaieng the watch being not past thrée or line 60 foure persons that were on the wals they entred the castell and finding the Frenchmen asleepe slue those that vpon their wakening made any defense and tooke the residue whome they suffered to depart and by this meanes they wan the castell finding great store of vittels within and so as they found it they kept it to the king of Englands vse The French histories declare that one Guilliam de Beauconroy that was capteine of this castell betraied the place to the Englishmen for a summe of monie and when the French king required restitution bicause the truce was not yet expired he was shifted off with this forged answer that nothing was excepted by the assurance of the truce concerning things that should be bought and sold. The Frenchman that betraied it was shortlie after put to execution at Amiens In this yeare were the first peeces of siluer called grotes and halfe grotes of foure pencâ— two pence the peece stamped by the kings appointment through the counsell of William de Edington bishop of Winchester lord treasurâ—r Before that time there were no other coines but the noble halfe noble and quarter noble with the péeces of siluer
called sterlings Bicause these new péeces wanted of the weight of the old sterling coine the prices as well of vittels as of other wares did dailie rise and seruants and workemen waxing more craftie than before time they had beene demanded great wages ¶ This yeare vpon the euen of the Assumption of our lodie sir Iohn Bentlie knight as then lord warden of Britaine fought with the lord Guie de Neell marshall of France latelie ransomed out of captiuitie in the parts of Britaine néere to a place called Mouron betwixt Rennes and Pluremell where the said marshall was slaine togither with the lord of Briquebeke the Chateline of Beauuais and diuerse other both Britains and Frenchmen In the seuen and twentith yeare of his reigne K. Edward held a parlement at Westminster after the feast of Easter in which an ordinance was deuised what wages seruants and laborers should be allowed prohibiting them to receiue aboue the rate which they were accustomed to take before the yeare of the great mortalitie Seruants and laborers were in deed growen to be more subtill than before time they had béene but by reason of the prices of things were inhanced it is like they demanded greater wages than they had doone before time and one cause of the dearth was imputed to the new coine of monie being of lesse weight in the value thereof than before it had béene so that â—he bishop of Winchester being lord treasuror who had counselled the king to ordeine those grotes and halfe grotes was euill spoken of amongst the people In this parlement there were statutes also made that clothes should in length and in breadth through the realme beare the same assise as was ordeined in the parlement holden at Northampton Also that all weares milles and other lets should be remooued foorth of riuers that might be any hinderance of ships boats or lighters to passe vp and downe the same But these good ordinances tooke little or none effect by reason of bribes that walked abroad and fréendship of lords and great men that sought rather their owne commoditie than the common-wealths Shortlie after the feast of Pentecost the earle of Derbie and Lancaster was made duke of Lancaster and Rafe lord Stafford was created earle of Stafford Whereas there had beene a treatie betwixt the lords of Britaine and the king of England not onelie for the deliuerance of the lord Charles de Blois but also for the matching of his eldest sonne in mariage with one of king Edwards daughters and so to inioy the dukedome in peace this matter was so far forwards that in the yeare last passed the said lord Charles leauing two of his sonnes and a daughter in pledge for the paiment of fortie thousand floreus agréed vpon for his ransome he was permitted to returne into Britaine to prouide that monie and withall to procure a dispensation that his eldest sonne might marrie with one of K. Edwards daughters notwithstanding that otherwise they were within the degrees of consanguinitie prohibiting them to marrie Herevpon this yeare about Michaelmas he returned into England with the same dispensation but bicause about the same time the Britains had taken by stealth an Iland with a castell therein that the Englishmen had kept put all those which they â—ound therein to the sword the said lord Charles otherwise duke of Britaine lost the kings fauour so that he would heare no more of anie such aliance by waie of marriage as had beene communed of before by reason whereof the British lords that were in great number come ouer with the lord Charles de Blois were constreined to returne home without atchiuing anie part of their purpose leauing the said lord Charles and his children behind them still héere in England On the fourth day of September the duke of line 10 Brunswike and the duke of Lancaster should haue fought a combat in Paris about words the duke of Lancaster should speake in derogation of the duke of Brunswikes honor for the which the said duke had appealed him in the court of France but when they were readie to haue tried it and were on horssebacke with their speares in hand within the lists at point to haue runne togither the French king caused them to staie and taking on him the matter made them line 20 fréends and agréed them This yeare the king by aduise of his councell remooued the mart or staple of wools from the townes in Flanders and caused the same to be kept at Westminster Chichester Lincolne Bristowe Canturburie and Hull This was doone in despite of the Flemings bicause they held not the couenants and agréements which they had made with the king in the life time of Iaques Arteueld by whose prouision the said mart or staple had béene kept in sundrie townes in Flanders to their line 30 great aduantage and commoditie Sir Walter Bentlie vpon his comming ouer foorth of Britaine where he had beene the kings lieutenant was committed to the tower where he remained prisoner for the space of twelue moneths bicause he refused to deliuer vp the castels within his gouernement vnto sir Iohn Auenell knight being appointed to receiue the same to the vse of the lord Charles de Blois at the same time when the treatie of agreement was in hand betwixt the king and the line 40 said lord Charles But after when it was perceiued what damage might haue insued by deliuerie of those castels sir Walter was set at libertie vpon suerties yet they were bound for his foorth comming and that he should not depart the realme at length he was receiued againe into the kings fauour In the summer of this seauen and twentith yeare was so great a drought that from the latter end of March fell little raine till the latter end of Iulie by reason whereof manie inconueniences insued and one thing is line 50 speciallie to be noted that corne the yeare following waxed scant and the price began this yeare to be greatlie inhanced Also beeues and muttons waxed déere for the want of grasse and this chanced both in England and France so that this was called the déere summer The lord William duke of Bauiere or Bauarie and earle of Zeland brought manie ships into London fraught with rie for reléefe of the people who otherwise had through their present pâ—â—ching penurie if not vtterlie perished yet pittifullie line 60 pined In the eight and twentith yeare of king Edwards reigne vpon a treatie that was holden by commissioners appointed by the two kings of England and France after Easter they were in maner fullie agréed vpon a peace so that nothing wanted but putting vnto their seales In the articles whereof it was conteined that the king of England should inioy all the lands of his dutchie of Aquitaine without holding the same of anie by homage or resort and in consideration thereof he should resigne all his claime to the
Bedfordshire on the eight of September next following On the three and twentith of Iulie certeine souldiers were pressed in the seuerall wards of the citie of London which souldiers being furnished for the warres and clothed in red cotes all at the charges of the companies and citizens set forth toward the seas on the thirtéenth of August and were transported ouer into Holland Zeland c as other the like souldiers out of other parts of the realme before had béene to serue for the defense of the low countries vnder generall Norris and other approoued capteins On the fourth daie of August betwixt the hours of foure and fiue of the clocke in the morning at the end of the towne called Motingham in Kent eight miles from London in a lane not farre from the houses the ground began to sinke thrée great elmes being swallowed vp the tops falling downward into a hole with the rootes vpward turning round in the falling and driuen into the earth past mans sight to the woonderfull amazement of manie honest men of the same towne being beholders of this strange sight and before ten of the clocke that present day the ground trees were soonke so low that neither the one or other might be discerned the hole or vaut being sometimes filled with water and otherwhiles neither bottome trées or water maie be perceiued the compasse of this hole is about fourescore yards and being sounded with a lead and line of fiftie fadams cannot therewith find or féele anie bottome Ten yards distant from this place there is another péece of ground soonke in like maner which parcell of ground falleth still into the high waie to the great feare of that whole towne but especiallie to the inhabitants of a house not far distant from the aforesaid places On the fiftéenth daie of September to the number of two thirtie seminaries massing priests and others late prisoners in the tower of London Marshalsée Kings bench and other places were imbarked in the Marie Martine of Colchester on the southside of the Thames right ouer against S. Katharines to be transported ouer into the coasts of Normandie to be banished this realme for euer by vertue of a commission from hir maiestie before specified in pag. 1379. A copie of the certificat written and directed into England by the said banished men WHereas vpon your honors commission directed vnto Anthonie Hall and Thomas Stockar for the transporting of vs whose names are vnder written into the coasts of Normandie who accordinglie tooke vs into a barke called the Marie Martine of Colchester on the south side of the Thames right ouer that part of saint Katharines next to London bridge the fiftéenth day of September 1585 according to the computation of England our will is to testifie vnto your good honors that they the said Anthonie Hall Thomas Stockar haue generallie so well vsed vs in all respects that we can not but acknowledge our selues much beholding as much as in them laie to so courteous louing officers Neuerthelesse comming along the sea and meeting with hir maiesties admerall in the downes who promising that we should not be disturbed in our course into the prouince of Normandie according to your honors said commission we had not from him departed two leagues when as a Flushinger with his people suddenlie entred vpon vs being peaceablie stowed vnder line 10 the hatches and in our quiet rest with their swords drawne their calleiuers and their matches fired in their hands to our great terror discomfort the most of vs being verie sore sea sicke expecting at that instant nothing but either the rigorous dint of sword or bullet of calleiuer Howbeit parlee being had by our said commissioners with them they departed after which time we considering the generall danger on the seas besought with one consent your honors commissioners to set vs on land at Calice line 20 but they in no wise yéelding therevnto at last by reason of our importunitie in such danger weakenesse yéelded to set vs on shore at Bullogne partlie by reason of the feare we were then put in partlie for that we feared afterward more vnreasonable measure but speciallie the greatest number of vs so sore sicke that verie tedious vnto vs it séemed to beare so long and dangerous a passage In witnes whereof to this our certificat we haue all subscribed our names the nineteenth of September 1585. W. line 30 Gimlets R. Fen Io. Nele Christopher Small c. ¶ Ye haue heard before that certeine souldiers out of diuers parts of this realme were transported ouer the seas into Holland and Zeland c with such conuenient and seruiceable furniture as might be presupposed necessarie for defense whom we will leaue vpon their gard and more cleerelie to set foorth the reasons of their transportation we doo meane héere as we promised before page 1413 when we line 40 came to due place to deliuer a booke published by authoritie concerning that argument the title and substance whereof in all points agréeable with the printed copie first extant doth orderlie follow A declaration of the causes moouing the queene of England to giue aid to the defense of the people afflicted and oppressed in the low countries ALthough kings and princes soueregnes owing their homage and seruice onelie vnto the almightie God the King of all kings are in that respect not bound to yéeld account or render the reasons of their actions to anie others but to God their onelie souereigne Lord yet though amongst the most ancient and christian monarchs the same Lord God hauing committed to vs the souereigntie of this realme of England and other our dominions which we hold line 60 immediatlie of the same almightie Lord and so thereby accountable onelie to his diuine Maiestie we are notwithstanding this our prerogatiue at this time speciallie mooued for diuerse reasons hereafter brieflie remembred to publish not onelie vnto our owne naturall louing subiects but also to all others our neighbors speciallie to such princes states as are our confederats or haue for their subiects cause of commerce with our countries and people what our intention is at this time and vpon what iust and reasonable grounds we are mooued to giue aid vnto our next neighbours the naturall people of the low countries being by long warres and persecutions of strange nations there lamentablie afflicted and in present danger to be brought into a perpetuall seruitude First it is to be vnderstood which percase is not perfectlie knowne to a great number of persons that there hath béene time out of mind euen by the naturall situation of those low countries and our realme of England one directlie opposit to the other and by reason of the readie crossing of the seas and multitude of large and commodious hauens respectiuelie on both sides a continuall traffike and commerce betwixt the people of England and the naturall people of those low
countries and so continued in all ancient times when the seuerall prouinces thereof as Flanders Holland and Zeland and other countries to them adioining were ruled and possessed by seuerall lords and not vnited togither as of late yeares they haue béene by intermarriages and at length by concurrences of manie and sundrie titles haue also béene reduced to be vnder the gouernement of their lords that succéeded to the dukedome of Burgundie whereby there hath béene in former ages manie speciall aliances and confederations not onelie betwixt the kings of England our progenitors and the lords of the said countries of Flanders Holland Zeland and their adherents but also betwixt the verie naturall subiects of both countries as the prelats noblemen citizens burgesses and other communalties of the great cities and port townes of either countrie reciprocallie by speciall obligations and stipulations vnder their seales interchangeablie for maintenance both of commerce and intercourse of merchants also of speciall mutuall amitie to be obserued betwixt the people and inhabitants of both parties as well ecclesiasticall as secular and verie expresse prouision in such treaties conteined for mutuall fauours affections and all other friendlie offices to be vsed and prosecuted by the people of the one nation towards the other By which mutuall bonds there hath continued perpetuall vnions of the peoples hearts togither and so by waie of continuall intercourses from age to age the same mutuall loue hath béene inuiolablie kept and exercised as it had beene by the worke of nature and neuer vtterlie dissolued nor yet for anie long time discontinued howsoeuer the kings and the lords of the countries sometimes though verie rarelie haue béene at difference by sinister meanes of some other princes their neighbours enuieng the felicitie of these two countries And for maintenance and testimonie of these naturall vnions of the peoples of these kingdoms and countries in perpetuall amitie there are extant sundrie authentike treaties and transactions for mutuall commerce intercourse and streict amitie of ancient times as for example some verie solemnelie accorded in the times of king Henrie the sixt our progenitor and Philip the second duke of Burgundie and inheritour to the countie of Flanders by the ladie Margaret his grandmoother which was aboue one hundred fortie yeares past the same also renewed by the noble duke Charles his son father to the king of Spaines grandmoother and husband to the ladie Margaret sister to our great grandfather king Edward the fourth and after that of new ofttimes renewed by our most noble sage grandfather king Henrie the seuenth and the archduke Philip grandfather to the king of Spaine now being and in latter times often renewed betwixt our father of noble memorie king Henrie the eight and Charles the fift emperor of Almaine father also to the present king of Spaine In all which treaties transactions and confederations of amitie and mutuall commerce it was also at all times speciallie and principallie conteined in expresse words by conuentions concords and conclusions that the naturall people and subiects of either side should shew mutuall fauours and duties one to the other and should safelie freelie and securelie commerce togither in euerie their countries and so hath the same mutuall and naturall concourse and commerce béene without interruption continued in manie ages farre aboue the like example of anie other countries in christendome to the honour and strength of the princes and to the singular great benefit and inriching of their people vntill of late line 10 yeares that the king of Spaine departing out of his low countries into Spaine hath beene as it is to be thought counselled by his councellors of Spaine to appoint Spaniards forrenners and strangers of strange bloud men more exercised in warres than in peaceable gouernement and some of them notablie delighted in bloud as hath appeared by their actions to be the chiefest gouernours of all his said low countries contrarie to the ancient lawes and customes thereof hauing great plentie of noble line 20 valiant and faithfull persons naturallie borne and such as the emperour Charles and the king himselfe had to their great honours vsed in their seruice able to haue béene imploied in the rule of those countries But these Spaniards being méere strangers hauing no naturall regard in their gouernement to the maintenance of those countries and people in their ancient and naturall maner of peaceable liuing as the most noble and wise emperor Charles line 30 yea and as his sonne king Philip himselfe had whilest he remained in those countries and vsed the counsels of the states and naturall of the countries not violating the ancient liberties of the countries but contrariwise these Spaniards being exalted to absolute gouernement by ambition and for priuat lucre haue violentlie broken the ancient lawes and liberties of all the countries and in a tyrannous sort haue banished killed and destroied without order of line 40 law within the space of few moneths manie of the most ancient and principall persons of the naturall nobilitie that were most worthie of gouernement And howsoeuer in the beginning of these cruell persecutions the pretense therof was for maintenance of the Romish religion yet they spared not to depriue verie manie catholikes and ecclesiasticall persons of their franchises and priuileges and of the chiefest that were executed of the nobilitie none was in the whole countrie more affected to that religion line 50 than was the noble and valiant countie of Egmond the verie glorie of that countrie who neither for his singular victories in the seruice of the king of Spaine can be forgotten in the true histories nor yet for the crueltie vsed for his destruction to be but for euer lamented in the harts of the naturall people of that countrie And furthermore to bring these whole countries in seruitude to Spaine these forren gouernours haue by long intestine warre with multitude of Spaniards and with some few Italians and Almains line 60 made the greater part of the said countries which with their riches by common estimation answered the emperour Charles equallie to his Indies in a maner desolat and haue also lamentablie destroied by sword famine and other cruell maners of death a great part of the naturall people now the rich townes and strong places being desolate of their naturall inhabitants are held and kept chieflie with force by the Spaniards All which pitifull miseries and horrible calamities of these most rich countries and people are of all their neighbours at this daie euen of such as in ancient time haue beene at frequent discord with them through naturall compassion verie greatlie pitied which appeared speciallie this present yeare when the French king pretended to haue receiued them to his protection had not as the states of the countrie their deputies were answered that certeine vntimelie and vnlooked for complots of the house of Guise stirred and maintained by monie out of Spaine disturbed the good and
which were a fiftie halberds in scarlet clokes garded with purple and white veluet He being thus honourablie brought vnto the church after due reuerence doone vnto the line 30 quéenes maiesties estate which was there erected on the right hand he tooke his owne stall on the left by certeine degrees lower Then began praiers and a sermon made by maister knewstubs my lords chapleine after which my lord procéeded to the offering first for hir maiestie then for himselfe the which he performed with such decorum princelie behauiour that all generallie spake most honorablie of him These solemnities being doone his lordship returned line 40 as he came leauing behind him the earle of Essex and certeine gentlemen to accompanie the princes and the ladies of the court His court was a faire and large house belonging in times past to the knights of the Rhodes in which was a verie great hall richlie hoong with tapistrie at the vpper end whereof was a most sumptuous cloth and chaire of estate for the quéens maiestie with hir armes and stile thereon and before it a table couered with all things so requisit as if in person she had beene there line 50 on the left hand almost at the tables end was my lords trencher and stoole for he would haue no chaire The tables being couered all degrees assembled my lord before the estate of hir maiestie knighted a Dutch gentleman called sir Martin Skinke for his manifold seruices doone to his countrie the which doone the vshers marshalled the feast At the table on the right side of the hall sat the yoong prince of Portingall the prince elector and his wife the princesse Semeie the earle of Essex the Graue Morris line 60 and his ladie betwéene euerie ladie was an English lord or knight placed On the left side sat the states and chéefe burgers of the towne and the grand prior of Amerford who came to see the feast was by my lords appointment placed vppermost at that table Then began the trumpets to sound in the seruice which was most princelike abundant serued on the knée carued tasted to hir maiesties trencher To prosecute the sumptuousnesse statelinesse and varietie of deuises in seruice at this banket requireth a discourse of manie lines and therefore leauing it to the imagination of the reader hauing relation to the former we will heare surcease remembring thus much to the honour of the lord lieutenant that sundrie militarie exploits or stratagems were with no lesse magnanimitie attempted than with felicitie atchiued against the enimie during the time of his abode in those countries which it were better vtterlie to omit than not with conuenient dignitie to record being heerein semblablie affected to his honour as sometimes was the poet Horace to Agrippa Qui sibi non conuenire tam sublime argumentum asseuerabat proinde Varium poetam rectiùs scripturum eius praeclara facinora dicebat qui ad Homericam foelicitatem proximè accedere videbatur And now to leaue him in the hands of God vpon whome dependeth his honours hope we will héere leaue the netherlands and approach to matters of England On the one and twentith daie of this Ianuarie two seminarie préests before arreigned and condemned were drawne to the Tiburne and there hanged bowelled and quartered Also on the same daie a wench was burnt in Smithfield for poisoning of hir aunt and mistresse and also attempting to haue doone the like wicked offense to hir vncle On the second daie of Februarie or the feast of the purification of our blessed ladie doctor Iohn Whitegift archbishop of Canturburie William lord Cobham lord warden of the fiue ports and Thomas lord Buckhurst were chosen and taken to be of hir maiesties priuie councell the two first to wit the archbishop and the lord Cobham were sworne the same daie and the third on the next morrow And here as in other places of these chronicles where we haue set downe certeine collections of right worthie personages in high calling and verie honourable office we are lead by some reason to deliuer a catalog of the names at least of such archbishops as haue successiuelie possessed the metropolitan see of Canturburie therein implieng their antiquitie and authoritie c and from thense proceed to saie somewhat of the lord Cobhams and lord wardens of the cinque ports as a matter of some consequence by means of the mutuall aduancement at one instant which hir highnesse of speciall grace vouchsafed them both And to begin with Canturburie being first named you shall vnderstand that Augustine the moonke according to the receiued opinion of chronographers was the first archbishop which occupied that metropolitan sée next whome sucéeded one Laurentius then Melitus Iustus Honorius Deusdedit Theodorus Brightwaldus Tatwinus Nothelmus Cutbertus Beguinus Lambertus Athelardus Wilfredus Theologildus Athelredus Plegmundus Athelmus Wolfelmus Odo Seuerus Dunstanus Ethelgarus Siricius Aluricius Elphegus Liuingus Agelnothus Edsinus and so forward with the residue before and after the conquest which being multiplied by vnities doo make vp the complet number of thrée score and twelue Where by the waie we might touch the varietie of their names sith authors therein doo dissent as also the time wherein they liued and flourished with some commemoration of their acts and deeds both in church and commonwealth But this kind of discourse being ecclesiasticall is vnproper for this secular historie wherefore labouring no further therein we will remit the reader to such authors as Ex professo haue amplie treted of that argument minding now by waie of note in a few lines to touch the thrée late primats as they haue succéeded ech other since the coronation and regiment of hir maiestie the first of whom was Matthew Parker whose predecessor Reg. Poole dieng he was aduanced and inioied the same aduancement certeine yeares hauing béen the seuentith archbishop of that see during which time he did much good diuerse waies deseruing well not onelie of the church but also of the commonwealth But hauing spoken elsewhere of this man we will here staie our course concluding this collection of archbishops in their successions with the two reuerend diuines and doctoâ—s the one Edmund Grindall late deceased the other Iohn Whiâ—egift now liuing of whom no more but silence for vertue dooth sufficientlie commend hâ—r selfe Now order would that we should descend into a discourse of the lord Cobhams lord wardens of the cinque ports remembred before page 1435 a 10 but herein the line 10 reader is patientlie to put vp the disappointment of his expectation vpon supposall of some reasonable impediment whie the same was not satisfied And now to the course of our historie orderlie to be continued ¶ In this yeare 1586 certeine of the lords of hir maiesties most honoraâ—le priuie councell made an appointment to haue met at Douer to surueie a notable peece of worke there latelie performed about the hauen to the benefit of the whole
land Howbeit the said lords by means of other accidents line 20 of importance staid at the court and went not that iourneie Neuerthelesse the lord Cobham lord warden of the cinque ports one of hir maiesties priuie councell repairing thither accompanied with diuerse knights and gentlemen of great worship did take the view both of the worke finished and also conferred about the businesse then in hand Now for so much as that which is alreadie doone is a perfect and an absolute worke to the perpetuall maintenance of a hauen in that place being such a monument as is hardlie to be found written in anie record it might line 30 séeme absurd that no mention thereof should be made in this chronicle and that the cost and businesse thereabouts imploied hath not beene vnnecessarie maie appeare by the reasons insuing First Douer hath béene euer reputed the keie and locke as Matthaeus Parisiensis reporteth or as rather he should haue said the verie doore and entrance into the realme of England either for fréend or so and also the readie passage vnto all nations but especiallie into France from whense it is not distant about thirtie line 40 English miles and is commonlie passed in fiue or six houres at the most and in a prosperous wind within halfe the time Secondlie it standeth in the most conuenient place of all this land to offend the enimie and to defend either domesticall or forren fréend Thirdlie a meane harbor would be there in the opinion of all skilfull mariners more beneficiall commodious for the nauigation of England than an excellent hauen placed anie where else about the coast thereof Fourthlie all our passengers through the narow seas being line 50 distressed by violence of weather or by inconuenience of pirasie or else by force of the common enimie in the time of warre might there haue present succor and refuge and both spéedie and easie passage thereinto or otherwise be best rescued Fiftlie of late yeares the considerations aforesaid haue mooued some noble princes of this land to bestow infinit tresure to gaine a harborough or hauen in that place to their great honor fame and commendation to the woonderfull contentment of all their subiects and for the good and benefit line 60 of all the neighbors adioining and strangers passing these narrow seas Finallie it hath pleased our most noble queene Elisabeth to vndertake it who in all good actions and necessarie works for the benefit of the realme commonwealth of England hath béene so liberall carefull and prouident as thereby hir glorie and renowme is spread ouer all the face of the earth and reacheth vnto heauen where the king of kings sitteth and heareth the praises and praiers not onelie of hir owne people but of all christians liuing in hir behalfe for whose good it séemeth she was brought foorth and preserued in this world And now I saie for so much as hir highnesse hath at this present time taken order for the building of a new hauen in this place and bountifullie imploied great 〈◊〉 of monie vpon the same being begun with more probabilitie iudgement and circumspection and accompanied with better successe than euer anie of hir highnesse predecessors haue heretofore had in this case wherin the most difficult and dangerous worke is alreadie accomplished so as there is now and euer hereafter will be a verie good hauen except extrâ—me negligence be vsed in mainteining the same I thought it a most necessarie maâ—ter to be here recorded â—o hir maiesties perpetuall â—ame and partlie also to giue light and incouragment to hir successors in the crowne of England to attempt and vndertake and the better to execute and accomplish the like famous enterprise For actions of far lesse importance are made memorable by historiographers as in euerie chronicle maie appeare In this discourse I thought méet to passe ouer the antiquitie of the towne and port of Douer with the liberties thereof which togither with the ruines and misfortunes of fire are to be found extant in the perambulation of Kent written by William Lambard esquier Of Douer castell somewhat might here be said but for so much as maister Lambard hath so largelie discoursed therevpon in his booke which is likelie to remaine of continuance I will make bold with the reader to referre him there vnto and onelie giue this note to wit that wheras he iustlie complaineth of the miserable ruines thereof it hath pleased hir maiestie in respect of the necessarie maintenance of the same to bestow more charge of late in reparing and reedifieng of it than hath béene spent thereabouts as it seemeth since the first building thereof whether the same were doone by Iulius Cesar the Romane emperor or by Aruâ—ragus then king of the Britains king Edward the fourth onelie excepted who as Iohn Rosse reporteth did throughlie repare it bestowing thereon 10000 pounds insomuch as it is now reduced to be a peece of great force and importance and verie beautifull to behold Wherein the honorable disposition of the lord Burghleie lord high treasuror of England is to be commended who was a principall furtherer thereof and whose forwardnesse in all militarie affaires is had in admiration among all the best souldiors of England although he himselfe an aged and a most graue councellor And in these commendations if I should omit the praises of the honorable lord Cobham lord warden of the cinque ports and constable of the castell of Douer c I should doo him great wrong For by his prouidence and mediation togither with the diligent trauell and industrie of Richard Barrie esquier lieutenant of the said castell that worke is accomplished to the comfort and benefit of the whole realme Within the wals whereof is now also raised such a mount at the north side thereof as thereby the castell is double so strong as before But omitting all other occasions and matters concerning Douer I will now passe to my purpose But yet before I enter into these last works I must giue you to vnderstand that the verie situation of the place ministreth incouragement to the executioners and yeeldeth great fauor and occasion to the attempt For Douer cliffes stand to the sea north and east the towne being placed at the foot of the northerne cliffes the castle on the top of the easterne cliffes called the Castell Raie so as there is a naturall baie through the which from by north issueth a proper riuer entring into the same baie thense runneth through the hauen into the sea In times past vntill of late yeares that onelie â—aie hath serued them for a rode and at manie times in some sort hath stood the nauie but especiallie the fisher botes in good sted For in a great northerlie and westerlie wind the ships were driuen from the Downs and the foreland to repaire thither where they might lie safelie vntill the wind blew great from by east or south then were they