this_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n the_o duke_n and_o state_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o late_a the_o great_a duke_n of_o russia_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o difference_n in_o style_n and_o name_n make_v no_o difference_n in_o sovereignty_n for_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v as_o absolute_a sovereignty_n in_o ireland_n when_o his_o style_n be_v lord_n of_o ireland_n as_o when_o he_o change_v his_o style_n and_o be_v call_v king_n of_o ireland_n and_o to_o say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v any_o privilege_n to_o they_o of_o normandy_n and_o aquitanie_n in_o england_n be_v a_o strange_a conceit_n it_o may_v rather_o be_v object_v against_o they_o but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o they_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o under_o his_o obeisance_n and_o therefore_o as_o subject_n bear_v in_o england_n and_o if_o man_n may_v believe_v some_o ancient_a story_n aquitany_n and_o normandy_n have_v sometime_o king_n and_o be_v kingdom_n of_o themselves_o and_o not_o depend_v nor_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v then_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o gallia_n and_o but_o a_o little_a one_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o which_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o some_o say_v that_o there_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o king_n in_o gaul_n but_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n increase_v in_o power_n and_o strength_n they_o subdue_v their_o neighbor-prince_n and_o so_o that_o kingdom_n grow_v to_o that_o greatness_n that_o now_o it_o be_v at_o even_o as_o the_o heptarchy_n in_o england_n be_v dissolve_v and_o make_v a_o entire_a kingdom_n when_o one_o of_o the_o king_n mighty_a than_o the_o rest_n subdue_v his_o neighbour_n it_o be_v say_v further_a england_n that_o normandy_n and_o aquitany_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 3._o and_o to_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n but_o so_o be_v not_o scotland_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o stand_v not_o well_o with_o that_o which_o respon_n be_v object_v before_o that_o they_o be_v but_o signory_n houlden_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o before_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n those_o king_n of_o england_n that_o hold_v those_o great_a signory_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o they_o hold_v the_o same_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n but_o these_o objection_n be_v light_a and_o not_o worth_a the_o time_n that_o have_v be_v spend_v about_o they_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n the_o crown_n be_v but_o a_o ensign_n of_o sovereignty_n the_o inuesture_n and_o coronation_n be_v but_o ceremony_n of_o honour_n and_o majesty_n the_o king_n be_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o without_o those_o ceremony_n the_o seal_n be_v to_o be_v alter_v and_o change_v at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n he_o may_v have_v one_o he_o may_v have_v many_o as_o please_v he_o the_o king_n do_v use_v queen_n elizabeth_n seal_n for_o diverse_a month_n after_o his_o come_n into_o england_n queen_n elizabeth_n use_v king_n philip_n &_o queen_n mary_n seal_n for_o a_o time_n and_o queen_n marie_n use_v king_n edward_n seal_n and_o all_o that_o be_v so_o do_v be_v well_o and_o lawful_o do_v many_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o ancient_a king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n by_o their_o signature_n and_o sign_n manuel_n without_o any_o seal_n at_o all_o and_o some_o such_o since_o the_o conquest_n also_o as_o grant_n make_v by_o maude_n the_o empress_n to_o albericke_n de_fw-fr vere_n and_o other_o the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o great_a seal_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n that_o be_v under_o his_o obedience_n wheresoever_o they_o be_v in_o the_o world_n so_o he_o do_v in_o normandy_n so_o he_o do_v in_o aquitany_n so_o he_o do_v in_o that_o part_n of_o scotland_n that_o he_o have_v in_o possession_n and_o in_o 24._o edw._n 1._o his_o judge_n keep_v ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n there_o and_o i_o have_v see_v the_o record_n of_o placita_fw-la exercitus_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la edinburgh_n apud_fw-la roxburgh_n apud_fw-la s._n johns-towne_n etc._n etc._n in_o scotia_n so_o he_o may_v command_v his_o subject_n if_o they_o be_v in_o france_n spain_n rome_n or_o turkey_n or_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o several_a seal_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n have_v a_o special_a seal_n for_o that_o his_o ancient_a county_n palatine_n the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n have_v a_o special_a seal_n for_o his_o new_a county_n palatine_n and_o after_o when_o these_o county_n come_v to_o the_o king_n possession_n the_o king_n continue_v several_a seal_n in_o they_o both_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n but_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v now_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n of_o scotland_n under_o his_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n they_o will_v as_o they_o ought_v dutiful_o obey_v he_o as_o in_o king_n edward_n the_o 1._o edward_n the_o 2._o and_o edward_n the_o 3._o time_n they_o command_v many_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o scotland_n which_o then_o be_v under_o their_o obedience_n i_o find_v that_o in_o 13._o edw._n 2._o quarto_fw-la die_fw-la junij_fw-la the_o king_n constituit_fw-la adomarun_n de_fw-fr valentia_n comitem_fw-la pembrochiae_fw-la custodem_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la ac_fw-la locum_fw-la suum_fw-la tenentem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la moram_fw-la fecerit_fw-la and_o the_o next_o day_n viz._n die_fw-la jovis_fw-la quinto_fw-la die_fw-la junij_fw-la rex_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la quod_fw-la magnum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la suum_fw-la remaneret_fw-la clausum_fw-la in_o liquo_fw-la loco_fw-la securo_fw-la dum_fw-la rex_fw-la esset_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la et_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la quoddam_fw-la aliud_fw-la paruum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la interim_n pro_fw-la regimine_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la brevia_fw-la etc._n etc._n consignanda_fw-la sub_fw-la teste_fw-la adomari_fw-la de_fw-la valentia_n comitis_fw-la pembroch_o nota_fw-la here_o be_v a_o petty_a seal_n pro_fw-la regimine_fw-la regni_fw-la wherein_o be_v comprise_v commission_n for_o justice_n mandatoria_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la brevia_fw-la consignanda_fw-la which_o be_v for_o remedialia_fw-la as_o they_o be_v term_v it_o be_v say_v law_n that_o scotland_n have_v law_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o that_o kingdom_n 4._o &_o that_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o so_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la and_o last_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o england_n every_o person_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o some_o leete_n and_o at_o the_o age_n of_o twelve_o year_n every_o one_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o leete_n to_o be_v foiall_a and_o loyal_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o so_o he_o understand_v loyal_a but_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n can_v not_o be_v so_o and_o that_o they_o have_v a_o other_o form_n of_o oath_n in_o scotland_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o this_o last_o part_n respon_n of_o the_o oath_n in_o the_o leete_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n do_v clear_v it_o so_o plain_o as_o more_o need_v not_o to_o be_v say_v this_o be_v legalis_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la it_o be_v not_o alta_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la by_o birth_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o have_v now_o in_o question_n the_o historical_a discourse_n that_o have_v be_v make_v of_o leete_n of_o law_n day_n of_o decenna_n decennarij_fw-la of_o the_o tenne-mens_n tale_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o male_a child_n of_o twelve_o year_n etc._n etc._n take_v at_o the_o leete_n be_v no_o news_n indeed_o it_o be_v very_o old_a master_n lambard_n have_v it_o all_o centuria_fw-la and_o more_o too_o at_o large_a in_o explicatione_n verborum_fw-la in_o the_o word_n centuria_fw-la it_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n but_o it_o make_v no_o hang_v to_o this_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o subjection_n of_o birth_n it_o be_v not_o alta_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la by_o birthright_n it_o be_v but_o legalis_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la by_o policy_n and_o fitzherbert_n call_v it_o swear_v to_o the_o law_n and_o if_o that_o be_v the_o only_a bond_n and_o mark_n of_o allegiance_n many_o be_v out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o at_o liberty_n as_o child_n under_o twelve_o year_n yet_o sometime_o they_o may_v commit_v treason_n and_o felony_n where_o malitia_fw-la supplet_fw-la aetatem_fw-la so_o woman_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v shrewd_a and_o dangerous_a traitor_n and_o if_o they_o be_v woman_n noble_o bear_v or_o widow_n that_o be_v wife_n to_o noble_a man_n they_o shall_v be_v try_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la also_o noble_a man_n of_o all_o sort_n who_o be_v neither_o bound_n to_o attend_v the_o leete_n nor_o to_o take_v that_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o britton_n cap._n
29._o treat_v of_o the_o court_n call_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v out_o of_o which_o the_o leete_n seem_v to_o be_v extract_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o present_v in_o the_o leete_n may_v be_v present_v and_o punish_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o m_o kitchen_n cit_v britton_n in_o this_o point_n for_o the_o leete_n and_o allege_v also_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n cap._n 10._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o view_n of_o francke-pleges_a and_o the_o put_n in_o of_o francke-pleges_a and_o the_o decennarij_fw-la be_v but_o bare_a name_n of_o thing_n past_a the_o use_n and_o substance_n be_v obsolete_a and_o go_v and_o as_o it_o be_v say_v few_o in_o this_o place_n have_v put_v in_o such_o plege_n or_o take_v that_o oath_n and_o yet_o i_o trust_v we_o be_v good_a subject_n and_o bear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o full_o answer_v and_o clear_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n and_o the_o lord_n coke_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n as_o i_o do_v wrong_a to_o spend_v time_n in_o it_o but_o touch_v the_o several_a law_n i_o say_v that_o several_a law_n can_v make_v no_o difference_n in_o matter_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o in_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n and_o obedience_n to_o one_o king_n and_o so_o it_o conclude_v nothing_o for_o the_o point_n in_o question_n normandy_n and_o aquitany_n have_v several_a law_n differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n so_o have_v france_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o 3._o and_o henry_n the_o 6._o his_o time_n ireland_n before_o king_n johns_n time_n continue_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v do_v ever_o since_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n have_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n several_a law_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o normandy_n wales_n have_v &_o in_o many_o thing_n yet_o have_v several_a law_n so_o for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n also_o yet_o these_o never_o be_v nor_o must_v not_o be_v cantel_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o their_o allegiance_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o the_o king_n subject_n bear_v there_o be_v incapable_a of_o land_n and_o inheritance_n in_o england_n for_o where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sovereign_a all_o his_o subject_n bear_v in_o all_o his_o dominion_n be_v bear_v ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o one_o bond_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o in_o that_o one_o be_v not_o great_a nor_o lesser_a than_o a_o other_o nor_o one_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o another_o but_o all_o to_o be_v obedient_a alike_o and_o to_o be_v rule_v alike_o yet_o under_o several_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o as_o saint_n gregory_n say_v of_o the_o church_n in_o una_fw-la fide_fw-la nihil_fw-la officit_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sanctae_fw-la diversa_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la so_o i_o will_v conclude_v for_o this_o point_n that_o diversity_n of_o law_n and_o custom_n make_v no_o breach_n of_o that_o unity_n of_o obedience_n faith_n and_o allegiance_n which_o all_o liege_n subject_n owe_v to_o their_o liege_n king_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o as_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v alien_n to_o the_o king_n so_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v alien_n or_o stranger_n in_o any_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o dominion_n nor_o alien_n or_o stranger_n one_o to_o another_o no_o more_o than_o a_o kentishman_n to_o a_o cheshire-man_n or_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la and_o therefore_o all_o that_o have_v be_v bear_v in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n since_o he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n be_v capable_a and_o inheritable_a in_o all_o his_o dominion_n without_o exception_n and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n trial_n that_o there_o will_v be_v defect_n of_o trial_n for_o thing_n do_v in_o scotland_n can_v be_v try_v in_o england_n i_o say_v that_o that_o make_v little_a to_o our_o present_a question_n whether_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n be_v alien_n in_o england_n and_o not_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n but_o it_o trench_v to_o cast_v some_o aspersion_n upon_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v justice_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n for_o lack_n of_o sufficient_a mean_n of_o trial_n of_o question_n of_o fact_n but_o to_o this_o baron_n altham_n give_v so_o full_a a_o answer_n as_o more_o can_v be_v say_v and_o so_o he_o do_v both_o clear_a the_o doubt_n and_o do_v uphould_v the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o that_o behalf_n and_o it_o seem_v strange_a that_o this_o shall_v now_o be_v find_v out_o to_o be_v object_v against_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v never_o heretofore_o object_v for_o france_n normandy_n aquitany_n nor_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o ireland_n gernesey_n and_o jersey_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o all_o stand_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o point_n of_o trial_n but_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v be_v such_o as_o there_o never_o fail_v certain_a rule_n for_o trial_n of_o all_o question_n in_o fact_n and_o those_o be_v fit_v and_o adapt_v to_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v try_v and_o therefore_o whosoever_o do_v diligent_o observe_v it_o he_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o course_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n above_o twenty_o several_a form_n of_o trial_n as_o by_o battle_n by_o jury_n and_o that_o in_o diverse_a kind_n by_o wager_n of_o law_n by_o proof_n by_o examination_n by_o inspection_n by_o certificate_n of_o diverse_a kind_n and_o by_o many_o other_o way_n and_o lest_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o defect_n in_o that_o behalf_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v several_a form_n of_o join_v of_o issue_n and_o in_o that_o have_v special_a regard_n of_o thing_n do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n as_o every_o student_n may_v see_v in_o the_o book_n of_o report_n thus_o i_o have_v pass_v these_o four_o objection_n and_o therefore_o for_o this_o part_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la be_v ever_o good_a and_o concludent_fw-la in_o law_n my_o lord_n the_o judge_n have_v prove_v this_o case_n by_o so_o many_o plain_a and_o direct_a example_n and_o like_a case_n and_o by_o so_o many_o strong_a argument_n &_o solid_a reason_n draw_v out_o of_o book_n case_n out_o of_o statute_n out_o of_o the_o true_a rule_n and_o form_n of_o plead_v and_o out_o of_o ancient_a record_n and_o precedent_n some_o produce_v by_o m._n attorney_n and_o many_o more_o remember_v by_o the_o judge_n as_o no_o one_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_o exemplify_v nor_o appear_v more_o like_a to_o a_o other_o than_o this_o case_n be_v to_o those_o case_n which_o they_o have_v remember_v but_o if_o example_n and_o argument_n à _fw-la simili_fw-la do_v fail_n rationem_fw-la than_o it_o remain_v recurrere_fw-la ad_fw-la rationem_fw-la and_o what_o reason_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o how_o to_o be_v understand_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o lex_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la summa_fw-la iubens_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la facienda_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o prohibens_fw-la contraria_fw-la so_o it_o must_v be_v the_o depth_n of_o reason_n not_o the_o light_n and_o shallow_a distemper_a reason_n of_o common_a discourser_n walk_v in_o paul_n or_o at_o ordinary_n in_o their_o feast_n and_o drink_v drown_v with_o drink_n or_o blow_v away_o with_o a_o whiff_n of_o tobacco_n lucretius_n note_v that_o in_o many_o there_o be_v rationis_fw-la egestas_fw-la and_o saint_n gregory_n say_v qui_fw-la in_o factis_fw-la dei_fw-la rationem_fw-la non_fw-la videt_fw-la infirmitatem_fw-la svam_fw-la considerans_fw-la cur_n non_fw-la videat_fw-la rationem_fw-la videt_fw-la for_o although_o reason_n and_o knowledge_n be_v infinite_a yet_o no_o man_n can_v have_v more_o of_o it_o than_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o every_o man_n must_v receive_v it_o and_o keep_v it_o in_o his_o own_o vessel_n he_o can_v borrow_v his_o neighbour_n brainpan_n to_o put_v it_o in_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n 118_o that_o one_o of_o the_o grave_a and_o best_a learned_a lawyer_n of_o our_o age_n and_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n to_o one_o of_o the_o great_a monarch_n of_o europe_n describe_v those_o that_o shall_v be_v interpreter_n of_o law_n by_o four_o special_a quality_n that_o be_v 1._o aetate_fw-la grave_n 2._o erudition_n praestantes_fw-la 3._o vsu_fw-la rerum_fw-la prudentes_fw-la 4._o publica_n authoritate_fw-la constituti_fw-la so_o there_o must_v be_v gravity_n there_o must_v be_v learning_n there_o must_v be_v experience_n and_o there_o must_v be_v authority_n and_o if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o want_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n how_o all_o these_o quality_n concur_v in_o these_o reverend_a judge_n who_o we_o have_v hear_v in_o this_o present_a case_n i_o
reason_n this_o subtle_a but_o absurd_a and_o dangerous_a distinction_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v this_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n whereof_o we_o dispute_v be_v vinculum_fw-la fidei_fw-la it_o bind_v the_o soul_n and_o conscience_n of_o every_o subject_n several_o and_o respective_o to_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a to_o the_o king_n and_o as_o a_o soul_n or_o conscience_n can_v be_v frame_v by_o policy_n so_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n can_v be_v frame_v by_o policy_n nor_o put_v into_o a_o politic_a body_n a_o oath_n must_v be_v swear_v by_o a_o natural_a body_n homage_n and_o fealty_n must_v be_v do_v by_o a_o natural_a body_n a_o politic_a body_n can_v do_v it_o now_o then_o since_o there_o be_v but_o one_o king_n and_o sovereign_a to_o who_o this_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o all_o his_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n can_v any_o humane_a policy_n divide_v this_o one_o king_n and_o make_v he_o two_o king_n can_v cor_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v in_fw-la manu_fw-la domini_fw-la and_o cor_fw-la regis_fw-la scotiae_fw-la not_o so_o can_v there_o be_v war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v but_o one_o king_n can_v the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o send_v a_o army_n royal_a into_o scotland_n against_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n can_v there_o be_v any_o letter_n of_o mark_n or_o reprisall_n now_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n against_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n can_v there_o be_v any_o protection_n now_o quia_fw-la profecturus_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la jacobi_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o scotiam_fw-la nay_o short_o can_v any_o man_n be_v a_o true_a subject_n to_o king_n james_n as_o king_n of_o england_n and_o a_o traitor_n or_o rebel_n to_o king_n james_n as_o king_n of_o scotland_n shall_v a_o foot_n breadth_n or_o a_o inch_n breadth_n of_o ground_n make_v a_o difference_n of_o birthright_n of_o subject_n bear_v under_o one_o king_n nay_o where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o certain_a bound_n or_o limit_n know_v at_o all_o but_o a_o imaginary_a partition_n wall_n by_o a_o conceit_a fiction_n in_o law_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o propound_v these_o and_o such_o like_a question_n whereof_o many_o more_o may_v be_v remember_v they_o carry_v a_o sufficient_a and_o plain_a answer_n in_o themselves_o magis_fw-la docet_fw-la qui_fw-la prudentèr_fw-la interrogat_fw-la as_o the_o king_n nor_o his_o heart_n can_v be_v divide_v for_o he_o be_v one_o entire_a king_n over_o all_o his_o subject_n in_o which_o soever_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o dominion_n they_o be_v bear_v so_o he_o must_v not_o be_v serve_v nor_o obey_v by_o half_n he_o must_v have_v entire_a and_o perfect_a obedience_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o ligentia_fw-la as_o baron_n heron_n say_v well_o must_v have_v four_o quality_n it_o must_v be_v 1._o pura_n &_o simplex_fw-la 2._o integra_fw-la &_o solida_fw-la 3._o vniversalis_fw-la non_fw-la localis_fw-la 4._o permanens_fw-la continua_fw-la &_o illaesa_fw-la divide_v a_o man_n heart_n and_o you_o lose_v both_o part_n of_o it_o and_o make_v no_o heart_n at_o all_o so_o he_o that_o be_v not_o a_o entire_a subject_n but_o half_o face_v be_v no_o subject_n at_o all_o and_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v a_o entire_a and_o perfect_a subject_n aught_o by_o reason_n and_o law_n to_o have_v all_o the_o freedom_n privilege_n and_o benefit_n pertain_v to_o his_o birthright_n in_o all_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o such_o be_v all_o the_o postnati_a in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o this_o imaginary_a local_a allegiance_n have_v be_v so_o late_o and_o so_o full_o declare_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n coke_n as_o more_o need_v not_o be_v say_v in_o it_o in_o some_o special_a case_n there_o sometime_o may_v be_v a_o king_n of_o subject_n without_o land_n in_o possession_n as_o justice_n fenner_n note_v in_o the_o government_n which_o moses_n have_v over_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n in_o the_o wilderness_n and_o as_o in_o the_o case_n which_o sir_n john_n popham_n the_o late_a lord_n chief_a justice_n do_v put_v in_o the_o parliament_n if_o a_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o enemy_n yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o continue_v still_o king_n over_o those_o subject_n and_o they_o be_v still_o bind_v unto_o he_o by_o their_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n wheresoever_o he_o and_o they_o be_v but_o there_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n of_o land_n without_o subject_n for_o that_o be_v but_o imperium_fw-la in_o belluas_fw-la and_o rex_fw-la &_o subditi_fw-la sunt_fw-la relativa_fw-la i_o say_v there_o be_v a_o other_o general_a rule_n for_o expound_v of_o law_n etc._n which_o i_o reserve_v to_o be_v last_o speak_v of_o i_o will_v now_o but_o touch_v it_o for_o i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v by_o humane_a reason_n whether_o king_n be_v before_o law_n or_o law_n before_o king_n nor_o how_o king_n be_v first_o ordain_v nor_o whether_o the_o king_n or_o the_o people_n do_v first_o make_v law_n nor_o the_o several_a constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o state_n and_o commonweal_n nor_o what_o plato_n or_o aristotle_n have_v write_v of_o this_o argmment_n they_o be_v man_n of_o singular_a learning_n and_o wisdom_n but_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o time_n and_o the_o country_n in_o which_o they_o live_v and_o in_o all_o their_o great_a learning_n they_o lack_v the_o true_a learning_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n they_o be_v bear_v and_o live_v in_o greece_n and_o in_o popular_a state_n they_o be_v enemy_n or_o at_o least_o misliker_n of_o all_o monarchy_n yet_o one_o of_o they_o disdain_v not_o to_o be_v a_o servant_n or_o mercenary_a hireling_n to_o a_o monarch_n they_o account_v all_o the_o world_n barbarous_a but_o their_o own_o country_n of_o greece_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v no_o cannon_n to_o give_v law_n to_o king_n and_o kingdom_n no_o more_o than_o sir_n thomas_n moores_n utopia_n or_o such_o pamphlet_n as_o we_o have_v at_o every_o mart_n i_o believe_v he_o that_o say_v 8._o per_fw-la i_o reges_fw-la regnant_a &_o principes_fw-la iusta_fw-la decernunt_fw-la and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o as_o god_n ordain_v king_n and_o have_v give_v law_n to_o king_n themselves_o so_o he_o have_v authorize_v and_o give_v power_n to_o king_n to_o give_v law_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o so_o king_n do_v first_o make_v law_n and_o then_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n and_o alter_v and_o change_v their_o law_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o they_o see_v occasion_n for_o the_o good_a of_o themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n and_o this_o power_n they_o have_v from_o god_n almighty_a for_o as_o saint_n augustine_n say_v in_o hoc_fw-la reges_fw-la deo_fw-la seruiunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la eye_n divinitùs_fw-la praecipitur_fw-la in_fw-la quantum_fw-la sunt_fw-la reges_fw-la si_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la regno_fw-la bona_fw-la iubeant_fw-la mala_fw-la prohibeant_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la quae_fw-la pertinent_a ad_fw-la humanam_fw-la societatem_fw-la verumetiam_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la divinam_fw-la religionem_fw-la and_o i_o hold_v thomas_n aquinas_n his_o opinion_n to_o be_v good_a rex_fw-la solutus_fw-la à _fw-la legibus_fw-la quòad_n vim_o coactivam_fw-la subditus_fw-la est_fw-la legibus_fw-la quòad_n vim_o directivam_fw-la propria_fw-la voluntate_fw-la and_o for_o this_o opinion_n there_o be_v a_o strong_a authority_n even_o from_o god_n himself_o in_o ecclesiaste_n ca._n 8._o ver_fw-la 2._o ego_fw-la os_fw-la regis_fw-la obseruo_fw-la et_fw-la praecepta_fw-la iuramenti_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o ver_fw-la 4._o sermo_n illius_fw-la potestate_fw-la plenus_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la dicere_fw-la ei_fw-la quisquam_fw-la potest_fw-la quare_fw-la ita_fw-la facis_fw-la now_o be_v lead_v a_o little_a from_o the_o common_a law_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n i_o find_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o direct_a text_n warrant_v that_o general_a rule_n which_o i_o reserve_v to_o this_o place_n 1._o which_o be_v this_o inter_fw-la aequitatem_fw-la iusque_fw-la interpositam_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la nobis_fw-la solis_fw-la &_o licet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la inspicere_fw-la and_o another_o like_a text_n in_o these_o word_n 12._o sententia_fw-la principis_fw-la ius_n dubium_fw-la declarans_fw-la ius_n facit_fw-la quòad_fw-la omnes_fw-la and_o some_o grave_n and_o notable_a writer_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n say_v rex_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la animata_fw-la some_o say_v rex_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la some_o other_o say_v interpretantur_fw-la legem_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la &_o princeps_fw-la another_o say_v rex_fw-la solus_fw-la iudicat_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la non_fw-la definita_fw-la and_o as_o i_o may_v not_o forget_v saint_n augustine_n word_n which_o be_v these_o generale_fw-mi pactum_fw-la est_fw-la societatis_fw-la humanae_fw-la regibus_fw-la suis_fw-la obtemperare_fw-la so_o i_o may_v not_o wrong_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o
and_o whatsoever_o the_o spirit_n the_o learning_n the_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n of_o all_o the_o other_o upon_o long_a study_n can_v afford_v be_v put_v into_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o few_o to_o serve_v as_o organ_n and_o instrument_n to_o deliver_v it_o unto_o we_o which_o they_o have_v so_o well_o and_o sufficient_o perform_v that_o they_o deserve_v great_a praise_n and_o commendation_n for_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n the_o wit_n of_o man_n can_v not_o devise_v to_o say_v more_o touch_v this_o question_n in_o law_n than_o they_o have_v say_v and_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v sithence_o speak_v for_o that_o part_n it_o be_v for_o the_o matter_n but_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n which_o the_o counsel_n at_o the_o bar_n do_v deliver_v though_o it_o have_v be_v vary_v in_o form_n and_o amplify_v with_o other_o word_n and_o phrase_n and_o furnish_v with_o show_n of_o some_o other_o strain_a case_n and_o authority_n the_o handle_n of_o it_o by_o the_o learned_a and_o reverend_a judge_n have_v be_v such_o as_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o the_o world_n that_o every_o one_o have_v speak_v his_o own_o heart_n and_o conscience_n and_o have_v labour_v by_o long_a study_n to_o search_v out_o the_o law_n and_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n in_o this_o rare_a case_n and_o so_o they_o have_v speak_v as_o coram_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o angelis_n none_o with_o desire_n to_o seem_v popular_a for_o nothing_o ought_v to_o be_v tam_fw-la popular_fw-la quam_fw-la veritas_fw-la none_n to_o seem_v to_o be_v timeservers_a or_o man_n pleaser_n for_o the_o king_n who_o under_o god_n they_o serve_v be_v pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la and_o sovereign_a head_n of_o both_o these_o great_a unite_a kingdom_n be_v to_o they_o both_o like_a as_o the_o head_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n be_v to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v not_o nor_o can_v not_o be_v partial_a more_o to_o one_o than_o to_o a_o other_o he_o delit_v in_o truth_n and_o desire_v it_o and_o without_o truth_n he_o can_v not_o be_v please_v he_o rule_v by_o his_o law_n and_o command_v his_o judge_n to_o minister_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n law_n and_o justice_n sincere_o and_o true_o and_o equal_o and_o indifferent_o without_o any_o partial_a respect_n it_o be_v never_o see_v but_o that_o in_o all_o rare_a and_o difficult_a case_n there_o have_v be_v diversity_n of_o opinion_n but_o yet_o without_o breach_n of_o charity_n which_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o unity_n so_o it_o have_v happen_v in_o this_o case_n the_o case_n have_v be_v argue_v at_o large_a by_o fourteen_o learned_a judge_n twelve_o of_o they_o have_v concur_v in_o judgement_n but_o upon_o several_a reason_n for_o as_o many_o way_n may_v lead_v to_o one_o end_n of_o the_o journey_n so_o diverse_a and_o several_a reason_n may_v conduce_v to_o one_o true_a and_o certain_a conclusion_n and_o here_o i_o may_v not_o omit_v the_o worthy_a memory_n of_o the_o late_a grave_n and_o reverend_a judge_n sir_n john_n popham_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n decease_v a_o man_n of_o great_a wisdom_n and_o of_o singular_a learning_n and_o judgement_n in_o the_o law_n who_o be_v absolute_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o he_o often_o declare_v as_o well_o in_o open_a parliament_n as_o otherwise_o the_o apostle_n thomas_n doubt_v of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n when_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n do_v firm_o believe_v it_o but_o that_o his_o doubt_v confirm_v in_o the_o whole_a church_n the_o faith_n of_o the_o resurrection_n the_o two_o worthy_a and_o learned_a judge_n that_o have_v doubt_v in_o this_o case_n as_o they_o bear_v his_o name_n so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o their_o doubt_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o clear_v the_o doubt_n in_o other_o and_o so_o to_o confirm_v in_o both_o the_o kingdom_n both_o for_o the_o present_a and_o the_o future_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n thus_o my_o lord_n have_v you_o hitherto_o nothing_o from_o i_o but_o amen_o to_o that_o which_o all_o the_o judge_n save_v two_o have_n say_v and_o much_o more_o you_o can_v expect_v from_o i_o yet_o since_o i_o must_v give_v judgement_n in_o this_o case_n and_o i_o say_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o i_o will_v render_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o judgement_n for_o that_o be_v the_o course_n of_o argument_n i_o must_v hold_v i_o will_v now_o deliver_v unto_o you_o what_o be_v the_o special_a and_o principal_a reason_n that_o first_o have_v induce_v i_o and_o still_o move_v i_o to_o hold_n the_o opinion_n that_o i_o do_v and_o as_o i_o go_v i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v some_o doubt_n and_o question_n that_o partly_o in_o the_o conference_n in_o parliament_n and_o partly_o otherwise_o i_o have_v hear_v make_v not_o only_o touch_v this_o case_n itself_o but_o also_o touch_v the_o form_n and_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v decide_v and_o judge_v the_o case_n be_v rare_a law_n and_o new_a as_o it_o have_v be_v often_o say_v it_o be_v never_o decide_v terminis_fw-la terminantibus_fw-la it_o be_v never_o judge_v by_o any_o statute_n law_n which_o be_v a_o positive_a law_n nor_o by_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o the_o first_o question_n be_v as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v and_o by_o what_o law_n and_o have_v wish_v that_o it_o may_v have_v stay_v until_o the_o parliament_n and_o so_o be_v decide_v by_o parliament_n they_o that_o make_v this_o doubt_n i_o will_v let_v they_o demur_v and_o die_v in_o their_o doubt_n for_o the_o case_n be_v adiourn_v hither_o before_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n be_v now_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o not_o tarry_v for_o a_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v no_o transcendent_a question_n but_o that_o the_o common_a law_n can_v and_o aught_o to_o rule_v it_o and_o over-rule_v it_o as_o justice_n williams_n say_v well_o but_o then_o this_o question_n produce_v another_o scriptum_fw-la that_o be_v what_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n whether_o it_o be_v ius_n scriptum_fw-la or_o non_fw-la scriptum_fw-la and_o such_o other_o like_o nicety_n for_o we_o have_v in_o this_o age_n so_o many_o questionist_n questionist_n and_o quo_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o quare_fw-la be_v so_o common_a in_o most_o man_n mouth_n that_o they_o leave_v neither_o religion_n nor_o law_n nor_o king_n nor_o counsel_n nor_o policy_n nor_o government_n out_o of_o question_n and_o the_o end_n they_o have_v in_o this_o question_n what_o be_v the_o common_a law_n be_v to_o shake_v and_o weaken_v the_o ground_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o government_n and_o in_o this_o particular_a question_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n to_o overthrow_v that_o law_n whereby_o this_o realm_n have_v many_o hundred_o year_n be_v govern_v in_o all_o honour_n and_o happiness_n or_o at_o least_o to_o cast_v a_o aspersion_n upon_o it_o as_o though_o it_o be_v weak_a and_o uncertain_a i_o will_v therefore_o declare_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n plain_o and_o confident_o as_o i_o think_v in_o my_o conscience_n and_o as_o i_o find_v to_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o ancient_a writer_n and_o good_a authority_n void_a of_o all_o exception_n the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n law_n and_o extende_v itself_o to_o the_o original_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o nation_n when_o it_o respect_v the_o church_n it_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_n as_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ca._n 1._o ecclesia_fw-la anglicana_n habeat_fw-la omne_fw-la sua_fw-la iura_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o illaesa_fw-la when_o it_o respect_v the_o crown_n and_o the_o king_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v lex_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o in_o stat._n 25._o edw._n 3._o cap._n 1._o lex_fw-la coronae_fw-la angliae_fw-la est_fw-la &_o semper_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v sometime_o call_v lex_fw-la regius_fw-la as_o in_o registro_fw-la for_n 61._o ad_fw-la iura_fw-la regius_fw-la spectat_fw-la and_o ad_fw-la conseruationem_fw-la iurium_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la iura_fw-la regius_fw-la ne_fw-la depereant_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o it_o respect_n the_o common_a subject_n it_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la terrae_fw-la as_o in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ca._n 29._o nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legale_fw-la iudicium_fw-la parium_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la yet_o scripta_fw-la in_o all_o these_o case_n whether_o it_o respect_n the_o church_n the_o crown_n or_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o general_a term_n the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n which_o although_o they_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o reduce_v into_o writing_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o original_o leges_fw-la scriptae_fw-la this_o i_o first_o learn_v of_o the_o late_a lord_n treasurer_n