their humble duty to their Lord General for they were some of his White-Coats that had escaped death and if my Lord had any service for them they were ready to assist him upon what Designs soever and to obey him in whatsoever he should be pleased to Command them This I mention for the Eternal Fame and Memory of those Valiant and Faithful Men. But to return to the Power my Lord had in the late Warrs As he was the Head of his own Army and had raised it most upon his own Interest for the Service of His Majesty so he was never Ordered by His Majesty's Privy Council except that some Forces of His were kept by His late Majesty which he sent to Him together with some Arms and Ammunition heretofore mentioned until His Highness Prince Rupert came from His Majesty to join with him at the Siege of York He had moreover the Power of Coyning Printing Knighting c. which never any Subject had before when His Soveraign Himself was in the Kingdom as also the Command of so many Counties as is mentioned in the First Book and the Power of placing and displacing what Governours and Commanders he pleased and of constituting what Garisons he thought fit of the chief whereof I shall give you this following list A Particular of the Principal Garisons and the Governors of them constituted by my Lord. In Northumberland NEwcastle upon Tyne Sir Iohn Marley Knight Tynmouth-Castle and Sheilds Sir Thomas Riddal Knight In the Bishoprick of Durham Hartlepool Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lambton Raby-Castle Sir William Savile Knight and Baronet In Yorkshire The City of York Sir Thomas Glenham Knight and Baronet and afterwards when he took the Field the Lord Io. Bellasyse Pomfret-Castle Colonel Mynn and after him Sir Io. Redman Sheffield-Castle Major Beamont Wortly-Hall Sir Francis Wortley Tickhill-Castle Major Mountney Doncaster Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath afterwards Governour of Lincoln Sandal-Castle Captain Bonivant Skipton-Castle Sir Iohn Mallary Baronet Bolton-Castle Mr. Scroope Hemsley-Castle Sir Iordan Crosland Scarborough-Castle and Town Sir Hugh Chomley Stamford-Bridg Colonel Galbreth Hallifax Sir Francis Mackworth Tadcaster Sir Gamaliel Dudley Eyrmouth Major Kaughton In Cumberland The City of Carlisle Sir Philip Musgrave Knight and Baronet Cockermouth Colonel Kirby In Nottinghamshire Newark upon Trent Sir Iohn Henderson Knight and afterwards Sir Richard Byron Knight now Lord Byron Wyrton-House Colonel Rowland Hacker Welbeck Colonel Van Peire and after Colonel Beeton Shelford-House Col. Philip Stanhop In Lincolnshire The City of Lincoln first Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath secondly Sir Peregrine Bartu Gainsborough Colonel St. George Bullingbrook-Castle Lieutenant Colonel Chester Beluoir-Castle Sir Gervas Lucas In Derbyshire Bolsover-Castle Colonel Muschamp Wingfield Mannor Colonel Roger Molyneux Staly-House the now Lord Fretchwile A LIST of the General OFFICERS of the ARMY 1. THe Lord General the now Duke of Newcastle the Noble Subject of this Book 2. The Lieutenant General of the Army first the Earl of Newport afterwards the Lord Eythin 3. The General of the Ordnance Charles Viscount Mansfield 4. The General of the Horse George Lord Goring 5. The Colonel General of the Army Sir Thomas Glenham 6. The Major General of the Army Sir Francis Mackworth 7. The Lieutenant General of the Horse First Mr. Charles Cavendish after him Sir Charles Lucas 8. Commissary General of Horse First Colonel Windham after him Sir William Throckmorton and after him Mr. George Porter 9. Lieutenant General of the Ordnance Sir William Davenant 10. Treasurer of the Army Sir William Carnaby 11. Advocate-General of the Army Dr. Liddal 12. Quarter-Master General of the Army Mr. Ralph Errington 13. Providore-General of the Army Mr. Gervas Nevil and after Mr. Smith 14. Scout-Master-General of the Army Mr. Hudson 15. Waggon-Master-General of the Army Baptist Iohnson William Lord Widdrington was President of the Council of War and Commander in chief of the three Counties of Lincoln Rutland and Nottingham and the forces there When my Lord marched with his Army to Newcastle against the Scots then the Lord Iohn Bellassis was constituted Governour of York and Commander in Chief or Lieutenant General of York-shire As for the rest of the Officers and Commanders of every particular Regiment and Company they being too numerous cannot well be remembred and therefore I shall give you no particular accompt of them 2. Of His Misfortunes and obstructions ALthough Nature had favour'd My Lord and endued him with the best Qualities and Perfections she could inspire into his soul yet Fortune hath ever been such an inveterate Enemy to him that she invented all the spight and malice against him that lay in her power and notwithstanding his prudent Counsels and Designs cast such obstructions in his way that he seldom proved successful but where he acted in Person And since I am not ignorant that this unjust and partial Age is apt to suppress the worth of meritorious persons and that many will endeavour to obscure my Lords noble Actions and Fame by casting unjust aspersions upon him and laying either out of ignorance or malice Fortunes envy to his charge I have purposed to represent these obstructions which conspired to render his good intentions and endeavours ineffectual and at last did work his ruine and destruction in these following particulars 1. At the time when the Kingdom became so infatuated as to oppose and pull down their Gracious King and Soveraign the Treasury was exhausted and no sufficient means to raise and maintain Armies to reduce his Majesties Rebellious Subjects so that My Lord had little to begin withal but what his own Estate would allow and his Interest procure him 2. When his late Majesty in the beginning of the unhappy Wars sent My Lord to Hull the strongest place in the Kingdom where the Magazine of Arms and Ammunition was kept and he by his prudence had gained it to his Majesties service My Lord was left to the mercy of the Parliament where he had surely suffered for it though he acted not without His Majesties Commission if some of the contrary party had not quitted him in hopes to gain him on their side 3. After His Majesty had sent My Lord to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that place and he had raised there of Friends and Tenants a troup of Horse and Regiment of Foot which he ordered to conveigh some Arms and Ammunition to His Majesty sent by the Queen out of Holland His Majesty was pleased to keep the same Convoy with him to encrease his own Forces which although it was but of a small number yet at that present time it would have been very serviceable to my Lord he having then but begun to raise Forces 4. When Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother after her arrival out of Holland to York had a purpose to conveigh some Armes to His Majesty My Lord order'd a Party of 1500 to conduct the same which His Majesty was pleased to keep with him for his own
married Christian Daughter of Edward Lord Bruce a Scots-man by whom he had two Sons and one Daughter the Eldest Son William now Earl of Devonshire married Elizabeth the second Daughter of William Earl of Salisbury by whom he has three children viz. Two Sons and one Daughter whereof the Eldest Son William is married to the second Daughter of Iames now Duke of Ormond the second Son Charles is yet a youth The Daughter Anne married the Lord Rich the onely Son and Child to Charles now Earl of Warwick but he dyed without Issue The second Son of William Earl of Devonshire and Brother to the now Earl of Devonshire was unfortunately slain in the late Civil Warrs as is before mentioned The Daughter of the said William Earl of D evonshire Sister to the now Earl of D evonshire married Robert Lord Rich Eldest Son to Robert Earl of Warwick by whom she had but one Son who married but dyed without Issue The third and youngest Son of Sir William Cavendish Charles Cavendish my Lord's Father had two Wives the first was Daughter and Coheir to Sir Thomas Kidson who dyed a year after her Marriage without issue The second was the younger Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle and after her Elder and onely Sister Iane Wife to Edward Earl of Shrewsbury who dyed without Issue became Heir to her Father's Estate and Title by whom he had three Sons whereof the eldest dyed in his Infancy the second was William my dear Lord and Husband the third Charles who dyed a Batchelour about the age of Sixty three My Lord hath had two Wives the first was Elizabeth Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Bloore in the County of Stafford Esq and Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk by whom he had ten Children viz. Five Sons and five Daughters whereof five viz. three Sons and two Daughters dyed young the rest viz. Two Sons and three Daughters came to be married His Elder Son Charles Viscount of Mansfield married the Eldest Daughter and Heir of Mr. Richard Rogers by whom he had but one Daughter who dyed soon after her birth and he dyed also without any other Issue His second Son Henry now Earl of Ogle married Francis the eldest Daughter of Mr. William Pierrepont by whom he hath had three Sons and four Daughters two Sons were born before their narural time the third Henry Lord Mansfield is alive The four Daughters are the Lady Elizabeth Lady Frances Lady Margaret and Lady Catharine My Lords three Daughters were thus married The eldest Lady Iane married Charles Cheiney Esq descended of a very noble and ancient Family by whom she hath one Son and two Daughters The second Lady Elizabeth married Iohn now Earl of Bridgwater then Lord Brackly and eldest Son to Iohn then Earl of Bridgwater who died in Childbed and left five Sons and one Daughter whereof the eldest Son Iohn Lord Brackly married the Lady Elizabeth onely Daughter and Child to Iames then Earl of Middlesex My Lords third Daughter the Lady Frances married Oliver Earl of Bullingbrook and hath had no Child yet After the death of my Lords first Wife who died the 17 th of April in the Year 1643 he married me Margaret Daughter to Thomas Lucas of St. Iohns near Colchester in Essex Esquire but hath no Issue by me And this is the Posterity of the three Sons of Sir William Cavendish my Lords Grandfather by his Fathers side The three Daughters were disposed of as followeth The eldest Frances Cavendish married Sir Henry Pierrepont of Holm Pierrepont in the County of Nottingham by whom she had two Sons whereof the first died young The second Robert after Earl of Kingston upon Hull married Gertrude the eldest Daughter and Co-heir to Henry Talbot fourth Son to George Earl of Shrewsbury by whom he had five Sons and three Daughters whereof the eldest Son Henry now Marquess of Dorchester hath had two Wives the first Cecilia Eldest Daughter to the Lord Viscount Bayning by whom he had several Children of which there are living onely two Daughters the eldest Anne who married Iohn Rosse onely Son to Iohn now Earl of Rutland the second Grace who is unmarried His second Wife was Catharine second Daughter to Iames Earl of Derby by whom he has no Issue living The second Son of the Earl of Kingston William married the sole Daughter and Heir of Sir Thomas Harries by whom he had Issue five Sons and five Daughters whereof two Sons and two Daugters died unmarried The other six are Robert the Eldest who married Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir to Sir Iohn Evelyne by whom he has three Sons and one Daughter The second Son George and the third Gervas are yet unmarried The eldest Daughter of William Pierrepont Frances is married to my Lords now onely Son and Heir Henry Earl of Ogle as before is mentioned The second Grace is married to Gilbert now Earl of Clare by whom he hath Issue Two sons and three daughters The third Gertrude is unmarried The third son of the Earl of Kingston Francis Pierrepont married Elizabeth the eldest daughter of Mr. Bray by whom he had Issue one son and one daughter the son Robert married Anne the daughter of Henry Murray The daughter Frances married William Pagatt eldest son to William Lord Pagatt The fourth son of the Earl of Kingston Gervase is unmarried The fifth son George Pierrepont married the daughter of Mr. Ionas by whom he had two sons unmarried Henry and Samuel The three daughters of the said Earl of Kingston are Frances the eldest who was married to Philip Rowleston the second Mary dyed young the third Elizabeth is unmarried The second daughter of Sir William Cavendish Elizabeth married the Earl of Lennox Unkle to King Iames by whom she had onely one daughter the Lady Arabella who against King Iame's Commands she being after Him and His Children the next Heir to the Crown married William the second son to the Earl of Hereford for which she was put into the Tower where not long after she dyed The youngest daughter Mary Cavendish married Glbert Talbot second son to George Earl of Shrewsbury who after the decease of his Father and his elder Brother Francis who dyed without Issue became Earl of Shrewsbury by whom she had Issue four sons and three daughters the sons all dyed in their Infancy but the daughters were married The eldest Mary Talbot married William Herbert Earl of Pembroke by whom some eighteen years after her Marriage she had one son who dyed young The second daughter Elizabeth married Sir H enry G ray after Earl of Kent the fourth Earl of England by whom she had no Issue The third and youngest daughter Aletheia married Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel the first Earl and Earl-Marshal of England by whom she left two sons Iames who died beyond the seas without Issue and H enry who married Elizabeth daughter of Esme Stuart Duke of Lennox by whom he had Issue several sons
my Intention to give your Grace a faithful account of Your Graces Commands as becomes May it please your Grace Your Graces most humble and most obedient Servant Iohn Rolleston THE LIFE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE WILLIAM Duke of Newcastle The First Book SInce my chief intent in this present Work is to describe the Life and Actions of My Noble Lord and Husband William Duke of Newcastle I shall do it with as much Brevity Perspicuity and Truth as is required of an Impartial Historian The History of his Pedigree I shall refer to the Heralds and partly give you an account thereof at the latter end of this work onely thus much I shall now mention as will be requisite for the better understanding of the following discourse His Grandfather by his Fathers side was Sir William Cavendish Privy Counsellour and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary His Grandfather by his Mother was Cuthbert Lord Ogle an ancient Baron His Father Sir Charles Cavendish was the youngest son to Sir William and had no other Children but three Sons whereof My Lord was the Second but his elder Brother dying in his Infancy left both his Title and Birth-right to My Lord so that My Lord had then but one onely Brother left whose name was Charles after his Father whereas My Lord had the name of his Grandfather These two Brothers were partly bred with Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury their Uncle in Law and their Aunt Mary Countess of Gilbert's Wife and Sister to their Father for there interceded an intire and constant Friendship between the said Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish caused not onely by the marriage of My Lord's Aunt his Fathers Sister to the aforesaid Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and by the marriage of George Earl of Gilbert's Father with My Lord's Grandmother by his Fathers side but Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Father and Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury being brought up and bred together in one Family and grown up as parts of one body after they came to be beyond Children and travelled together into foreign Countries to observe the Fashions Laws and Customs of other Nations contracted such an intire Friendship which lasted to their death neither did they out live each other long for My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish lived but one year after Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury But both My Lords Parents and his Aunt and Uncle in Law shewed always a great and fond love to My Lord endeavouring when He was but a Child to please him with what he most delighted in When He was grown to the Age of fifteen or sixteen he was made Knight of the Bath an ancient and honourable Order at the time when Henry King Iames of blessed Memory His eldest Son was created Prince of Wales and soon after he went to travel with Sir Henry Wotton who was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to the then Duke of Savoy which Duke made very much of My Lord and when he would be free in Feasting placed Him next to himself Before My Lord did return with the Ambassador into England the said Duke profer'd My Lord that if he would stay with him he would not onely confer upon him the best Titles of Honour he could but also give him an honourable Command in War although My Lord was but young for the Duke had then some designs of War But the Ambassador who had taken the care of My Lord would not leave Him behind without his Parents consent At last when My Lord took his leave of the Duke the Duke being a very generous person presented Him with a Spanish Horse a Saddle very richly embroidered and with a rich Jewel of Diamonds Some time after My Lord's return into England Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died and left My Lord though he was then but young and about Twenty two years of age his Executor a year after his Father Sir Charles Cavendish died also His Mother being then a Widow was desirous that My Lord should marry in obedience to whose Commands he chose a Wife both to his own good liking and his Mothers approving who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq a very honourable and ancient Family in Stafford-Shire by whom was added a great part to His Estate as hereafter shall be mentioned After My Lord was married he lived for the most part in the Country and pleased Himself and his neighbours with Hospitality and such delights as the Country afforded onely now and then he would go up to London for some short time to wait on the King About this time King Iames of blessed memory having a purpose to confer some Honour upon My Lord made him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover and after the decease of King Iames King Charles the First of blessed Memory constituted him Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherewood and Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire and restored his Mother Catharine the second Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle to her Fathers Dignity after the death of her onely Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury publickly declaring that it was her Right which Title after the death of his Mother descended also upon My Lord and his Heirs General together with a large Inheritance of 3000 l. a year in Northumberland About the same time after the decease of William late Earl of Devonshire his Noble Cousin German My Lord was by his said Majesty made Lord Lieutenant of Derby-Shire which trust and honour after he had enjoyed for several years and managed it like as all other offices put to his Trust with all possible care faithfulness and dexterity during the time of the said Earls Son William the now Earl of Devonshire his Minority as soon as this same Earl was come to age and by Law made capable of that trust he willingly and freely resign'd it into his hands he having hitherto kept it onely for him that he and no body else might succeed his Father in that dignity In these and all other both publick and private imployments My Lord hath ever been careful to keep up the Kings Rights to the uttermost of his power to strengthen those mentioned Counties with Ammunition and to administer Justice to every one for he refused no mans Petition but sent all that came to him either for relief or justice away from him fully satisfied Not long after his being made Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire there was found so great a defect of Armes and Ammunition in that County that the Lords of the Council being advertised thereof as the manner then was His Majesty commanded a levy to be made upon the whole County for the supply thereof whereupon the sum of 500 l. or thereabout was accordingly levied for that purpose and three Persons of Quality then Deputy Lieutenants were desired by My Lord to receive the money and see it disposed which being done accordingly and a certain account rendred to My Lord he voluntarily
those Counties in the Northen parts generally faithful to his Majesty but raised an Army for His Majesties Interest and the protection of his good subjects thought it convenient to employ and authorise some persons of Quality to attend upon my Lord and treat with him on their behalf that he would be pleased to give them the assistance of his Army which my Lord granted them upon such Terms as did highly advance His Majesties Service which was my Lords chief and onely aim Thus my Lord being with his Army invited into York-Shire He prepared for it with all the speed that the nature of that business could possibly permit and after he had fortified the Town of Newcastle Tynmouthcastle Hartlepool a Haven Town and some other necessary Garisons in those parts and Mann'd Victuall'd and order'd their constant supply He thought it fit in the first place before he did march to manifest to the World by a Declaration in Print the reasons and grounds of his undertaking that design which were in General for the preservation of His Majesties Person and Government and the defence of the Orthodox Church of England where He also satisfied those that murmur'd for my Lords receiving into his Army such as were of the Catholick Religion and then he presently marched with his Army into York-shire to their assistance and within the time agreed upon came to York notwithstanding the Enemies Forces gave him all the interruption they possibly could at several passes whereof the chief was at Pierce-bridg at the entering into York-shire where 1500 of the Enemies Forces Commanded in chief by Col. Hotham were ready to interrupt my Lord's Forces sent thither to secure that passe consisting of a Regiment of Dragoons commanded by Colonel Thomas Howard and a Regiment of Foot Commanded by Sir William Lambton which they performed with so much Courage that they routed the Enemy and put them to flight although the said Col. Howard in that Charge lost his life by an unfortunate shot The Enemy thus missing of their design fled until they met with a conjunction of their whole Forces at Tadcaster some eight miles distant from York and my Lord went on without any other considerable Interruption Being come to York he drew up his whole Army before the Town both Horse and Foot where the Commander in Chief the then earl of Cumberland together with the Gentry of the Country came to wait on my Lord and the then Governor of York Sir Thomas Glemham presented him with the Keys of the City Thus my Lord marched into the Town with great joy and to the general satisfaction both of the Nobility and Gentry and most of the Citizens and immediately without any delay in the later end of December 1642 fell upon Consultations how he might best proceed to serve his King and Country and particularly how his Army should be maintained and paid as he did also afterwards in every Country wheresoever he marched well knowing that no Army can be governed without being constantly and regularly supported by provision and pay Whereupon it was agreed That the Nobility and Gentry of the several Counties should select a certain number of themselves to raise money by a regular Tax for the making provisions for the support and maintenance of the Army rather than to leave them to free-quarter and to carve for themselves and if any of the Soldiers were exorbitant and disorderly and that it did appear so to those that were authorised to examine their deportment that presently order should be given to repair those injuries out of the moneys levied for the Soldiery by which means the Country was preserved from many inconveniences which otherwise would doubtless have followed And though the season of the year might well have invited my Lord to take up his Winter-quarters it being about Christmas yet after he had put a good Garison into the City of York and fortified it upon intelligence that the Enemy was still at Tadcaster and had fortified that place he resolved to march thither The greatest part of the Town stands on the West side of a River not fordable in any place near thereabout nor allowing any passage into the Town from York but over a Stone-bridge which the Enemy had made impassable by breaking down part of the Bridg and planting their Ordnance upon it and by raising a very large and strong Fort upon the top of a Hill leading Eastward from that Bridg towards York upon design of commanding the Bridg and all other places fit to draw up an Army in or to plant Cannon against them But notwithstanding all these Discouragements my Lord after he had refresh'd his Army at York and recruited his provisions ordered a march before the said Town in this manner That the greatest part of his Horse and Dragoons should in the night march to a Pass at Weatherby five miles distant from Tadcaster towards North-west from thence under the Command of his then Lieutenant General of the Army to appear on the West side of Tadcaster early the next morning by which time my Lord with the rest of his Army resolved to appear at the East-side of the said Town which intention was well design'd but ill executed for though my Lord with that part of the Army which he commanded in person that is to say his Foot and Cannon attended by some Troops of Horse did march that night and early in the morning appear'd before the Town on the East side thereof and there drew up his Army planted his Cannon and closely and orderly besieged that side of the Town and from ten in the morning till four a Clock in the afternoon battered the Enemies Forts and Works as being in continual expectation of the appearance of the Troops on the other side according to his order yet whether it was out of Neglect or Treachery that my Lords Orders were not obeyed that days Work was rendred ineffectual as to the whole Design However the vigilancy of My Lord did put the Enemy into such a Terror that they forsook that Fort and secretly fled away with all their Train that very night to another strong hold not far distant from Tadcaster called Cawood-Castle to which by reason of its low and boggy Scituation and foul and narrow Lanes and passages it was not possible for my Lord to pursue them without too great an hazard to his Army whereas had the Lieutenant General performed his Duty in all probability the greatest part of the principal Rebels in York-shire would that day have been taken in their own trap and their further mischief prevented My Lord the next morning instead of storming the Town as he he had intended entred without interruption and there stayed some few days to refresh his Army and order that part of the Country In December 1642. My Lord thought it fit to march to Pomfret and to quarter his Army in that part of the Country which was betwixt Cawood and some Garisons of the Enemy in the
his Friends to try what means he could procure for his subsistance but though he used all the industry and endeavour he could yet he effected but little by reason every body was so affraid of the Parliament that they durst not relieve Him who was counted a Traitor for his Honest and Loyal service to his King and Country Not long after My Lord had profers made him of some Rich Matches in England for his two Sons whom therefore he sent thither with one Mr. Loving hoping by that means to provide both for them and himself but they being arrived there out of some reasons best known to them declared their unwillingness to Marry as yet continuing nevertheless in England and living as well as they could Some two years after my Lord's Marriage when he had prevailed so far with his Creditors that they began to trust him anew the first thing he did was that he removed out of those Lodgings in Paris where he had been necessitated to live hitherto to a House which he hired for himself and his Family and furnished it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit and withal resolving for his own recreation and divertisement in his banished condition to exercise the Art of Mannage which he is a great lover and Master of bought a Barbary-horse for that purpose which cost him 200 Pistols and soon after another Barbary-horse from the Lord Crofts for which he was to pay him 100 l. when he returned into England About this time there was a Council call'd at St. Germain in which were present besides My Lord Her Majesty the now Queen Mother of England His Highness the Prince our now gracious King His Cousin Prince Rupert the Marquess of Worcester the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond the Lord Iermyn now Earl of St. Albans and several others where after several debates concerning the then present condition of His Majesty King Charles the First my Lord delivered his sentiment that he could perceive no other probability of procuring Forces for His Majesty but an assistance of the Scots But Her Majesty was pleased to answer my Lord That he was too quick Not long after When my Lord had begun to settle himsef in his mentioned new house His gracious Master the Prince having taken a resolution to go into Holland upon some designs Her Majesty the Queen Mother desired my Lord to follow him promising to engage for his debts which hitherto he had contracted at Paris and commanding Her Controller and Treasurer to be bound for them in Her behalf which they did although the Creditors would not content themselves until my Lord had joined his word to theirs So great and generous was the bounty and favour of Her Majesty to my Lord considering she had already given him heretofore near upon 2000 l. Sterling even at that time when Her Majesty stood most in need of it My Lord after his Highness the Prince was gone being ready to execute Her Majesties Commands in following Him and preparing for his Journey wanted the chief thing which was Money and having much endeavoured for it at last had the good Fortune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred pounds sterl With which Sum he set out of Paris in the same Equipage he entred viz. One Coach which he had newly caused to be made wherein were the Lord Widdrington my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Mr. Loving my Waiting-Maid and some others whereof the two later were then returned out of England one little Chariot that would onely hold my Lord and my self and three Waggons besides an indifferent number of Servants on Horse-back That day when we left Paris the Creditors coming to take their Farwell of my Lord expressed so great a love and kindness for him accompanied vvith so many hearty Prayers and Wishes that he could not but prosper on his Journey Being come into the King of Spain's Dominions my Lord found a very Noble Reception At Cambray the Governour vvas so civil that my Lord coming to that place somevvhat late and vvhen it vvas dark he commanded some Lights and Torches to meet my Lord and conduct him to his Lodgings He offer'd my Lord the Keys of the City and desir'd him to give the Word that night and moreover invited him to an Entertainment which he had made for him of purpose but it being late my Lord tyred with his Journey excused himself as civilly as he could the Governour notwithstanding being pleased to send all manner of Provisions to my Lords Lodgings and charging our Landlord to take no pay for any thing we had Which extraordinary Civilities shewed that he was a Right Noble Spaniard The next morning early my Lord went on his Journey and was very civilly used in every place of His Majesty of Spain's Dominions where he arrived At last coming to Antwerp He took water to Rotterdam which Town he chose for his residing place during the time of his stay in Holland and sent thither to a Friend of his a Gentleman of Quality to provide him some Lodgings which he did and procured them at the house of one Mrs. Banaum Widow to an English Merchant who had always been very Loyal to His Majesty the King of England and serviceable to His Majesties faithful Subjects in whatsoever lay in his Power My Lord being come to Rotterdam was informed that His Highness the Prince now our Gracious King was gone to Sea Wherefore he resolved to follow him and for that purpose hired a Boat and victual'd it but since no body knew whither His Highness was gone and I being unwilling that my Lord should venture upon so uncertain a Voyage and as the Proverb is Seek a Needle in a Bottle of Hay he desisted from that design The Lord Widdrington nevertheless and Sir Will. Throckmorton being resolved to find out the Prince but having by a storm been driven towards the Coast of Scotland and endangered their lives they returned without obtaining their aim After some little time my Lord having notice that the Prince was arrived at the Hague he went to wait on His Highness which he also did afterwards at several times so long as His Highness continued there expecting some opportunity where he might be able to shew his readiness to serve His King and Countrey as certainly there was no little hopes for it for first it was believed that the English Fleet would come and render it self into the obedience of the Prince next it was reported that the Duke of Hamilton was going out of Scotland with a great Army into England to the assistance of His Majesty and that His Majesty had then some party at Colchester but it pleased God that none of these proved effectual For the Fleet did not come in the Duke of Hamilton's Army was destroyed and Colchester was taken by the Enemy where my dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas and his dear Friend Sir George Lile were most inhumanly murther'd and shot to death they being both Valiant and Heroick Persons good Soldiers and most Loyal Subjects to His Majesty the one an excellent Commander of Horse the other of Foot My Lord having
words or actions shall never be trusted again by wise and honest men But said he A wise man is not bound to take notice of all Dissemblers and their cheating Actions if they do not concern him nay even of those he would not always take notice but chuse his time for the chief part of a wise man is to time business well and to do it without Partiality and Passion But said he The folly of the world is so great that one honest and wise man may be overpowred by many Knaves and Fools and if so then the onely benefit of a wise man consists in the satisfaction he finds by his honest and wise actions and that he has done what in Conscience Honour and Duty he ought to do and all successors of such worthy Persons ought to be more satisfied in the worth and merit of their Predecessours then in their Title and Riches IV. I have heard that some noble Gentleman who was servant to His Highness then Prince of Wales our now Gracious Soveraign when my Lord was Governour should relate that whensoever my Lord by his prudent inspection and foresight did foretell what would come to pass hereafter it seemed so improbable to him that both himself and some others believed my Lotd spoke extravagantly But some few years after his predictions proved true and the event did confirm what his Prudence had observed V. I have heard That in our late Civil Warres there were many petty Skirmishes and Fortifications of weak and inconsiderable Houses where some small Parties would be shooting and pottering at each other an action more proper for Bandites or Thieves then stout and valiant Soldiers for I have heard my Lord say That such small Parties divide the Body of an Army and by that means weaken it whereas the business might be much easier decided in one or two Battels with less ruine both to the Country and Army For I have heard my Lord say That as it is dangerous to divide a Limb from the Body so it is also dangerous to divide Armies or Navies in time of Warr and there are often more men lost in such petty Skirmishes then in set-Battels by reason those happen almost every day nay every hour in several places VI. Many in our late Civil-Warres had more Title then Power for though they were Generals or chief Commanders yet their Forces were more like a Brigade then a well-formed Army and their actions were accordingly not set-battels but petty Skirmishes between small Parties for there were no great Battels fought but by my Lord's Army his being the greatest and best-formed Army which His Majesty had VII Although I have observed That it is a usual Custom of the World to glorifie the present Power and good Fortune and vilifie ill Fortune and low conditions yet I never heard that my Noble Lord was ever neglected by the generality but was on the contrary alwayes esteemed and praised by all for he is truly an Honest and Honourable man and one that may be relied upon both for Trust and Truth VIII I have observed That many instead of great Actions make onely a great Noise and like shallow Fords or empty Bladders sound most when there is least in them which expresses a flattering Partiality rather then Honesty and Truth for Truth and Honesty lye at the bottom and have more Action then Shew IX I have observed That good Fortune adds Fame to mean Actions when as ill Fortune darkens the splendor of the most meritorious for mean Persons plyed with good Fortune are more famous then Noble Persons that are shadowed or darkned with ill Fortune so that Fortune for the most part is Fame's Champion X. I observe That as it would be a grief to covetous and miserable persons to be rewarded with Honour rather then with Wealth because they love Wealth before Honour and Fame so on the other side Noble Heroick and Meritorious Persons prefer Honour and Fame before Wealth well knowing That as Infamy is the greatest Punishment of unworthiness so Fame and Honour is the best Reward of worth and merit XII I observe that spleen and malice especially in this age is grown to that height that none will endure the praise of any body besides themselves nay they 'l rather praise the wicked then the good the Coward rather then the Valiant the Miserable then the Generous the Traytor then the Loyal which makes Wise men meddle as little with the Affairs of the world as ever they can XIII I have observed as well as former Ages have done That Meritorious persons for their noble actions most commonly get Envy and Reproach instead of Praise and Reward unless their Fortunes be above Envy as Caesars and Elexanders were But had these two Worthies been as Unfortunate as they were Fortunate they would have been as much vilified as they are glorified XIV I have observed that it is more easie to talk then to act to forget then to remember to punish then to reward and more common to prefer Flattery before Truth Interest before Justice and present service before past XV. I have observed that many old Proverbs are very true and amongst the rest this It is better to be at the latter end of a Feast then at the beginning of a Fray for most commonly those that are in the beginning of a Fray get but little of the Feast and those that have undergone the greatest dangers have least of the spoils XVI I have oberved That Favours of Great Princes make men often thought Meritorious whereas without them they would be esteemed but as ordinary Persons XVII I observe That in other Kingdoms or Countries to be the chief Governour of a Province is not onely a place of Honour but much Profit for they have a great Revenue to themselves whereas in England the Lieutenancy of a County is barely a Title of Honour without Profit except it be the Lieutenancy or Government of the Kingdom of Ireland especially since the late Earl of Stafford enjoyed that dignity who setled that Kingdom very wisely both for Militia and Trade XVIII I have observed That those that meddle least in Wars whether Civil or Foreign are not onely most safe and free from danger but most secure from Losses and though Heroick Persons esteem Fame before Life yet many there are that think the wisest way is to be a Spectator rather then an Actor unless they be necessitated to it for it is better say they to sit on the Stool of Quiet then in the Chair of Troublesome Business FINIS * Sir William Carnaby Kt. * Mr. Gray Brother to the Lord Gray of the North. * Francis Palmes * Capt. Mazine * Sir Iohn Marlay Kt. * Dr. Coosens * Sir Thomas Fairfax * The Lord Goring and Sir Francis Mackworth Knight * Sir Will. Savil Kt. and Bar. * The Lord Ethyn * The Lord Widdrington * The Lord Loughborrough * The Lord Bellasis * The Lord Langdale * Selby in Yorkshire * Mrs. Chaplain now Mrs. Top. * Mr. Benoist * Sir Henry Wood. * Sir Foster * Sir William Throckmorton Knight
of My Lords together with some Notes and Remarques of mine own which I thought most convenient to place by themselves at the end of this Work rather then to intermingle them with the Body of the History It might be some prejudice to my Lord's Glory and the credit of this History not to take notice of a very considerable thing I have heard which is That when his Lordship's Army had got so much Strength and Reputation that the Rebellious Parliament finding themselves overpower'd with it rather then to be utterly ruin'd as was unavoidable did call the Scots to their Assistance with a promise to reward so great a Service with the Four Northern Counties of Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick of Durham which I have not mention'd in the Book And it is most certain That the Parliaments Forces were never Powerful nor their Commanders or Officers Famous until such time as my Lord was overpower'd neither could Loyalty have been over-power'd by Rebellion had not Treachery had better Fortune then Prudence When I speak of my Lord's Pedigree where Thomas Earl of Arundel Grandfather to the now Duke of Norfolk is mention'd they have left out William Viscount Stafford one of his Sons who did marry the Heir of the last Baron Stafford descended from the Dukes of Buckingham which was set down in my Original Manuscript Some of those Omissions and very probably others are happened partly for want of timely Information and chiefly by the death of my Secretary who did copy my Writings for the Press and dy'd in London attending that Service afore the Printing of the Book was quite finish'd And as I hope of your Favour to be excus'd for omitting those things in the Book so I expect of your Justice to be approv'd in putting them here though somewhat unseasonably Before I end this Preface I do beseech my Readers not to mistake me when I speak of my Lord's Banishment as if I would conceal that he went voluntarily out of his Native Country for it is most true that his Lordship prudently perceiving all the King's Party lost not onely in England but also in Scotland and Ireland and that it was impossible to withstand the Rebels after the fatal overthrow of his Army his Lordship in a poor and mean condition quitted his own Countrey and went beyond Sea soon after which the Rebels having got an Absolute Power and granted a general Pardon to all those that would come in to them upon composition at the Rates they had set down his Lordship with but few others was excepted from it both for Life and Estate and did remain thus banish'd till His Majesties happy Restauration I must also acknowledg That I have committed great Errors in taking no notice of Times as I should have done in many places of this History I mention in one place the Queen Mothers being in France when my Lord went thither but do not say in what year that was Nor do I express when His Majesty our now Gracious Soveraign came in and went out again several times from that Kingdom which has happen'd for want of Memory and I desire my Readers to excuse me for it No body can certainly be more ready to find faults in this Work then I am to confess them being very conscious that I have as I told my Lord I should committed many for want of Learning and chiefly of skill in writing Histories But having according to his Lordships Commands written his Actions and Fortunes truly and plainly I have reason to expect that whatsoever else shall be found amiss will be favourably pardoned by the candid Readers to whom I wish all manner of happiness AN EPISTLE TO HER GRACE THE Duchess of Newcastle May it please your Grace I Have been taught and do believe That Obedience is better then Sacrifice and know that both are due from me to your Grace and since I have been so long in obeying your Commands I shall not presume to use any Arguments for my excuse but rather chuse ingeniously to confess my fault and beg your Graces Pardon And because forgiveness is a Glory to the supreamest Powers I will hope that your Grace by that great example will make it yours And now I humbly take leave to represent to your Grace as faithfully and truly as my memory will serve me all my Observations of the most memorable Actions and honourable Deportments of His Grace my most Noble Lord and Master William Duke of Newcastle in the execution and Performance of the Trusts and high Employments committed and commended to his care and charge by three Kings of England that is to say King James King Charles the First of ever blessed Memory and our Gracious King Charles the Second under whom he hath had the happiness to live and the honour to serve them in several capacities And because I humbly conceive that it is not within the intention of your Graces Commands that I should give you a particular Relation of His Graces High Birth his Noble and Princely Education and Breeding both at home and abroad his Natural Faculties and Personal Vertues his Iustice Bounty Charity Friendship his Right Approved Courage and True Valour not grounded upon or govern'd by Passion but Reason his Magnificent manner of living and supporting his Dignity testified by his great Entertainments of their Majesties and his private Friends upon all fit occasions besides his ordinary and constant House-keeping and Attendants some for Honour and some for business wherein he exceeded most of his Quality and that he was and is an incomparable Master to his Servants is sufficiently testified by all or most of the chiefest of them living and dying in His Graces Service which is an Argument that they thought themselves as happy therein as the World could make them nor of his well-chosen Pleasures which were principally Horses of all sorts but more particularly Horses of Mannage His Study and Art of the true use of the Sword His Magnificent Buidings These are his chiefest Delights wherein his Grace spared for no cost nor charge which are sufficiently manifested to the World for other Delights as those of running Horses Hawking Hunting c. His Grace used them meerly for societies sake and out of a generous and obliging Nature to please others though his knowledg in them excelled as well as in the other And yet notwithstanding these his large and vast expences before his Grace was called to the Court he encreased his Revenue by way of Purchase to a great value and when he was called to the Court he was then free from Debts and as I have heard some Thousands of Pounds in his Purse These Particulars and as many more of this kind as would swell a Volume I could enumerate to your Grace but that they are so well known to your Grace it would be a Presumption in me rather then a Service to give your Grace that trouble and therefore I humbly forbear and proceed according to
of Nottingham which although it is quite ruined and demolisht yet it being a seat which had pleased his Father very much he would not leave it since it was offer'd to be sold. His two Houses Welbeck and Bolsover he found much out of repair and this later half pull'd down no furniture or any necessary Goods were left in them but some few Hangings and Pictures which had been saved by the care and industry of his Eldest Daughter the Lady Cheiny and were bought over again after the death of his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield for they being given to him and he leaving some debts to be paid after his death My Lord sent to his other Son Henry now Earl of Ogle to endeavour for so much Credit that the said Hangings and Pictures which my Lord esteemed very much the Pictures being drawn by Van Dyke might be saved which he also did and My Lord hath paid the debt since his return Of eight Parks which my Lord had before the Wars there was but one left that was not quite destroyed Welbeck-Park of about four miles compass for my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish who bought out the life of my Lord in that Lordship saved most part of it from being cut down and in Blore-Park there were some few Deer left The rest of the Parks were totally defaced and destroyed both Wood Pales and Deer amongst which was also Clipston-Park of seven miles compass wherein my Lord had taken much delight formerly it being rich of Wood and containing the greatest and tallest Timber-trees of all the Woods he had in so much that onely the Pale-row was valued at 2000 l. It was water'd by a pleasant River that runs through it full of Fish and Otters was well stock'd with Deer full of Hares and had great store of Partriges Poots Pheasants c besides all sorts of Water-fowl so that this Park afforded all manner of sports for Hunting Hawking Coursing Fishing c. for which my Lord esteemed it very much And although his Patience and Wisdom is such that I never perceived him sad or discontented for his own Losses and Misfortunes yet when he beheld the ruines of that Park I observed him troubled though he did little express it onely saying he had been in hopes it would not have been so much defaced as he found it there being not one Timber-tree in it left for shelter However he patiently bore what could not be helped and gave present order for the cutting down of some Wood that was left him in a place near adjoining to repale it and got from several Friends Deer to stock it Thus though his Law-suits and other unavoidable expences were very chargeable to him yet he order'd his affairs so prudently that by degrees he stock'd and manur'd those Lands he keeps for his own use and in part repaired his Mannor-houses Welbeck and Bolsover to which later he made some additional building and though he has not yet built the Seat at Nottingham yet he hath stock'd and paled a little Park belonging to it Nor is it possible for him to repair all the ruines of the Estate that is left him in so short a time they being so great and his losses so considerable that I cannot without grief and trouble remember them for before the Wars my Lord had as great an Estate as any subject in the Kingdom descended upon him most by Women viz. by his Grandmother of his Father's side his own Mother and his first Wife What Estate his Grandfather left to his Father Sir Charles Cavendish I know not nor can I exactly tell what he had from his Grandmother but she was very rich for her third Husband Sir Will. Saint Loo gave her a good Estate in the West which afterwards descended upon my Lord my Lord's Mother being the younger daughter of the Lord Ogle and sole Heir after the death of her eldest Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury whom King Charles the First restored to her Fathers Dignity viz. Baroness of Ogle This Title descended upon my Lord and his Heirs General together with 3000 l. a year in Northumberland and besides the Estate left to my Lord she gave him 20000 l. in Money and kept him and his Family at her own charge for several years My Lord's first Wife who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk brought my Lord 2400 l. a Year Inheritance between six and seven thousand Pounds in Money and a jointure for her life of 800 l. a Year Besides my Lord increased his own Estate before the Wars to the value of 100000 l. and had increased it more had not the unhappy Wars prevented him for though he had some disadvantages in his Estate even before the Wars yet they are not considerable to those he suffered afterwards for the service of his King and Country For example His Father Sir Charles Cavendish had lent his Brother in Law Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury 16000 l. for which although afterward before his death he setled 2000 l. a year upon him yet he having injoyed the said Money for many years without paying any use for it it might have been improved to my Lord 's better advantage had it been in his Fathers own hands he being a Person of great prudence in managing his Estate and though the said Earl of Shrewsbury made my Lord his Executor yet my Lord was so far from making any advantage by that Trust even in what the Law allowed him that he lost 17000 l. by it and afterwards delivered up his Trust to William Earl of Pembrook and Thomas Earl of Arundel who both married two Daughters of the said Earl of Shrewsbury And since his return into England upon the desire of Henry Howard Second Son to the late Earl of Arundel and Heir apparent by reason of his Eldest Brother's Distemper he resigned his Trust and Interest to him which certainly is a very difficult business and yet questionable whether it may lawfully be done or not But such was my Lord's Love to the Family of the Shrewsburies that he would rather wrong himself then it To mention some lawful advantages which my Lord might have made by the said Trust it may be noted in the first place That the Earl of Shrewsbury's Estate was Let in long Leases which by the Law fell to the Executor Next that after some Debts and Legacies were paid out of those Lands which were set out for that purpose they were setled so that they fell to my Lord. Thirdly Seven hundred pounds a year was left as a Gift to my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish in case the Countess of Kent Second Daughter to the said Earl of Shrewsbury had no Children But my Lord never made any advantage for himself of all these neither was he inquisitive whether the said Countess of Kent cut off the Entail of that Land although she never had a Child for my Lord's