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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A41246 Cosmography or, a description of the whole world represented (by a more exact and certain discovery) in the excellencies of its scituation, commodities, inhabitants, and history: of their particular and distinct governments, religions, arms, and degrees of honour used amongst them. Enlarged with very many and rare additions. Very delightful to be read in so small a volum. By Robert Fage Esquire. Fage, Robert. 1667 (1667) Wing F82A; ESTC R222645 75,258 176

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agreeing very well with the English Constitution The Summer is as hot as in Spain the Winter as cold as in France or in England The Heat of Summer is in Iune Iu●…y and August but the constant breezes at that time of the year do much allay its vehemency The extreme cold of the Winter is half December Ianuary February and half March The Winds are variable but no such Thunder or Lightning as in Europe all the varieties of needful Fruits which we have here may by the industry of men be in great plenty there There is but one entrance by Sea into this Country and that is at the Mouth of a very goodly Bay eighteen or twenty miles broad The South Cape is called Cape Henry and the North Cape Charles in honour of those two Princes The Land may have the prerogative over most places known for large and pleasant Navigable Rivers Mountains Hills Valleys and Champion Fields In the Bay which lieth North and South are many Isles both great and small the water floweth herein neer 200. miles and hath a Channel for 140. miles of betwixt 6 and 15 Fathom deep being in breadth some 10 or 14 miles The Mountains are of divers natures for at the Head of the Bay the Rocks are of a Composition like Mill-stones some of Marble c. the Colour of the Earth did in some places resemble Bole Armeniac Tirra Sigillata Fullers Earth but generally it is a black Sandy Mould In some places again fat slimy Clay in others a very barren Gravel The whole Country is neither Mountainous nor yet low but bestowed into pleasant Hills and fertile Valleys one prettily crossing another and watered conveniently with fresh Brooks and Streams no less commodions then delightful There is little Grass for all the Country is over-grown with Trees whose continual Droppings causeth their Grass to turn to Weeds by reason of the ranckness of the Ground which is now well amended by the Plantations The Wood is commonly Oake and Walnut many of their Oakes so tall and streight that they will bear two foot and an half square of good Timber for twenty yards long there is also some Ash and Elm Mulberries Chesnuts which taste like Damsons and Vines but they are wild and bear few Grapes There are also Gums Cedars Saxafras-Trees Berries Herbs and Roots Pellitory and Oranges For Beasts there are Deer Squirrells Beaver Otters Foxes Dogs Martins Pole-cats and Weasels For Birds there are all sorts of Hawks Partridges Turkeys Blackbirds Thrushes and divers of our small Birds In Winter there are great plenty of Swans Geese and such Wilde Foul as also Parrots and Pigeons For Fish there is Sturgeon Grampus Porcupisce Seal Mullets white Salmons Trouts Soales Plaise Herrings Pearch Crabs Stromps Eeles Lampreys Oysters Cockles and Muscles The Inhabitants differ much in stature but generally they are tall and streight they are of colour Brown or enclining to an Olive when at Age but are born white They are inconstant in every thing but what fear constraineth them to keep Crafty Timorous quick of apprehension and very ingenious They are soon moved to anger and so malicious that they seldome forget an Injury Their Buildings and Habitations are for the most part by Rivers or not far distant from some fresh Spring their Houses are built like our Arbours of small young Twigs bowed and tyed and so close-covered with Mats or the Barks of Trees very handsomly that notwithstanding either Wind Rain or Weather they are as warm as Stoves but very smoky yet at the top of the House they have a Hole to let it out The Men use Fishing Hunting and other Manly Exercises while the Women sow and reap and carry burdens and do all the Drudgery Their Chief God they serve is the Devil whom they call Okee more out of fear then love In their Temples which are Houses 60. foot high built Arbour-wise are placed the Images of their Devils and Kings and their Tombes They have a Chief and Inferiour Priests but keep no Day more Holy then another They use also divers Conjurations and have Altars but they stand from their Temples In some parts of their Country they have yearly a Sacrifice of Children Upon some conference with them concerning their Religion although they could not be perswaded to forsake their False Gods yet they did believe that our God as much exceeded theirs as our Guns did their Bows and Arrows Many encounters the English had with these Natives who by treacheries and open assaults endeavoured to disturb their possession but they were so frighted with the noise and so terrified with the Execution of the Guns that they were kept in some awe while Iames Town was finished which by the constant supplies sent yearly by the Council for Virginia was at last well built and fortified and pallisadoed and the Salvages awed into a good Comportment untill the comming of the Lord de La Ware just as through want the English were resolved to qui●…t the Country a little before which time as they had taken the same resolution Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers prevented them by arriving from the Bermudas where they had been in great danger by a leaking Ship His Lordship arrived the 9. of Iune 1610. accompanied with Ferdinando Waynman Captain Houlcroft Captain Lawson and divers others in three ships well appointed with a years provision who built Fort Charles and Fort Henry that were afore but bare Capes and soon after good store of Kine and Swine were sent by Sir Thomas Dale who was Governour after my Lord De la Ware was returned who built a Town called Henrico and portioned out the adjacent Country into Hundreds as also he built another Town and called it the New Bermoudas about fifty miles from Iames Town and the English Collony fell to planting their Corn about April every year every man having been allotted three Acres of Ground in the nature of Farms the first Farmer there being one William Spence who were to supply their stores for it with a small quantity of Corn yearly by which means it was wonderfull to see how in so short a time this Colony was thriven in its reputation But it advanced faster soon after by the means of the standing Lottery and a perfect peace made with Powhatan the King of the Country whose Daughter being surprised one Mr. Rolfe had married She proved a very good Christian and Vertuous Woman being Christened Rebecca They begun also now to plant Tobacco every year changing their Governour and had a dispute with the French in their new plantations A Convention also in the nature of a Parliament was called and several gifts to charitable uses for bringing up the Indian Children transmitted to the Governour and Council so that they were by the year 1620 in a very flourishing condition that year arriving no less than eleven ships and 1216 persons which were thus to be disposed 80. for Tennants to the Governors Lands besider 50. sent the