edinburgh_n the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1677._o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n that_o none_o shall_v re-print_n or_o import_n into_o this_o kingdom_n this_o book_n entitle_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_a for_o the_o space_n of_o nineteen_o year_n after_o the_o date_n hereof_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o same_o to_o thomas_n brown_n george_n swintoun_n and_o james_n glen_n printer_n hereof_o and_o further_a punishment_n as_o the_o council_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o they_o extract_v be_v i_o thomas_n hay_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v see_v how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v agree_v with_o and_o supply_v we_o by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_a edinburgh_n print_v by_o 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the_o constitution_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la imperatori_fw-la male_a dixerit_fw-la some_o interpret_n it_o pardon_v some_o to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o the_o basilick_v render_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v only_o ignoscendum_fw-la i_o can_v but_o admire_v much_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n who_o give_v not_o only_a inclination_n but_o pleasure_n to_o such_o as_o toil_n for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o for_o i_o be_o sure_a few_o man_n will_v have_v from_o any_o weak_a impulse_n bestow_v so_o much_o time_n and_o so_o many_o thought_n upon_o a_o employment_n which_o without_o bring_v gain_n will_v certain_o bring_v envy_n and_o censure_v for_o i_o find_v it_o be_v the_o genius_n of_o this_o age_n to_o admire_v such_o as_o make_v the_o public_a good_a bend_n to_o their_o design_n and_o to_o
than_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o wodset_n commit_v usury_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o hazard_n and_o this_o bring_v to_o my_o memory_n a_o case_n debate_v upon_o the_o 22._o of_o january_n 1672._o wherein_o a_o gentleman_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v take_v his_o debtor_n obliedge_v to_o pay_v he_o a_o boll_n for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o every_o hundred_o mark_v which_o according_a to_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n do_v for_o the_o two_o year_n of_o his_o wodset_n extend_v to_o five_o pound_v the_o boll_n and_o so_o exceed_v the_o annualrent_a by_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o boll_n yet_o this_o be_v find_v no_o usury_n because_o he_o in_o that_o case_n take_v his_o hazard_n of_o the_o feir_n of_o the_o year_n which_o may_v have_v be_v much_o low_a and_o because_o that_o the_o price_n of_o victual_n vary_v much_o according_a to_o the_o several_a shire_n and_o year_n and_o lest_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v at_o a_o uncertainty_n in_o criminal_a case_n which_o be_v dangerous_a therefore_o by_o the_o 122._o act_n ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v take_v more_o profit_n then_o according_a to_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o five_o bolls_n of_o victual_n which_o the_o annualrent_a be_v then_o at_o ten_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o now_o at_o six_o do_v allow_v according_a to_o that_o probation_n two_o bolls_n for_o the_o hundred_o mark_n whereas_o there_o be_v but_o only_o one_o boll_n take_v here_o for_o the_o annualrent_a for_o the_o hundred_o mark_v nor_o be_v this_o act_n abrogat_fw-la by_o the_o act_n 247._o par._n 15._o because_o though_o that_o be_v posterior_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o express_o abrogat_fw-la this_o act_n nor_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v abrogat_fw-la for_o avoid_v of_o uncertainty_n as_o say_v be_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o undertake_n of_o hazard_n hinder_v the_o take_n of_o advantageous_a tack_n to_o infer_v usury_n as_o be_v decide_v september_n 1668._o wherein_o robert_n lawder_n be_v pursue_v as_o a_o usurer_n because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o tack_n of_o two_o butt_n of_o land_n and_o a_o dovecoat_n for_o four_o year_n which_o pay_v fifty_o mark_n yearly_a communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o that_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o annuulrent_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n which_o tack_v do_v bear_v this_o clause_n that_o if_o the_o first_o year_n robert_n be_v pay_v he_o shall_v defalck_n so_o much_o of_o the_o annualrent_a proportional_o notwithstanding_o of_o which_o clause_n he_o refuse_v to_o count_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o defender_n that_o the_o tacks-man_n have_v run_v a_o hazard_n because_o he_o may_v have_v be_v disappoint_v of_o all_o duty_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o will_v have_v get_v no_o relief_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o same_o hazard_n be_v in_o wodset_n and_o yet_o the_o take_v a_o wodset_n for_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a annualrent_n make_v the_o wodsetter_n incur_v the_o crime_n of_o usury_n nor_o can_v this_o hazard_n defend_v because_o it_o be_v not_o great_a and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o hazard_n in_o it_o not_o can_v the_o danger_n be_v here_o object_v see_v after_o expire_a of_o the_o year_n the_o receiver_n offer_v to_o count_n with_o the_o lender_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o both_o principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n to_o which_o it_o be_v triply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n discharge_v usurary_n wodset_n do_v not_o discharge_v tack_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o to_o usury_n betwixt_o tack_n and_o wodset_n for_o wodsetter_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o require_v their_o money_n from_o the_o debtor_n so_o that_o they_o lose_v not_o the_o sum_n though_o they_o lose_v their_o rent_n but_o tacksman_n lose_v all_o if_o their_o tack_n duty_n be_v not_o pay_v and_o as_o to_o their_o offer_n of_o count_v that_o be_v only_o competent_a after_o the_o first_o year_n it_o can_v not_o be_v object_v thereafter_o and_o the_o danger_n be_v pass_v before_o the_o offer_n the_o four_o degree_n of_o usury_n with_o we_o be_v to_o take_v bud_v or_o bribe_v for_o the_o loan_n of_o money_n or_o for_o continue_v it_o when_o it_o be_v lend_v whereupon_o many_o debate_n do_v arise_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o debtor_n give_v a_o gratuity_n to_o his_o creditor_n be_v oft_o actus_fw-la animi_fw-la be_v hard_o to_o be_v prove_v but_o general_o it_o be_v sustain_v that_o a_o proceed_n treaty_n must_v be_v prove_v or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v manifestus_fw-la that_o be_v a_o ordinar_n usurer_n for_o else_o to_o receive_v a_o gratuity_n be_v no_o crime_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o lend_v money_n to_o my_o friend_n i_o shall_v become_v uncapable_a of_o a_o donation_n from_o he_o v._o the_o common_a law_n also_o sustain_v it_o to_o be_v usury_n if_o a_o man_n wodset_v his_o land_n and_o in_o the_o wodset_n provide_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o redeem_v betwixt_o and_o a_o definit_a time_n for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o presume_v that_o the_o wodset_n grant_a adject_n this_o because_o of_o some_o know_a advantage_n and_o this_o be_v to_o take_v more_o advantage_n for_o money_n then_o the_o annualrent_a molm._n de_fw-fr censu_fw-la but_o this_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v to_o be_v usury_n nor_o do_v they_o find_v it_o a_o unlawful_a paction_n in_o the_o action_n betwixt_o sir_n john_n drummond_n and_o achtertyr_n and_o in_o effect_n these_o paction_n be_v allow_v by_o act_n 62._o p._n 1._o k._n c._n 1._o s._n 1._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v usury_n to_o take_v annualrent_a for_o annualrent_a at_o least_o it_o be_v declare_v unlawful_a l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr and_o i_o conceive_v that_o to_o swell_v up_o annualrent_n thus_o beyond_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v will_v infer_v usury_n with_o we_o for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v thus_o cheat_v but_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v unlawful_a and_o usury_n to_o accumulat_fw-la annualrent_n with_o the_o principal_a sum_n and_o to_o make_v both_o bear_v annualrent_a which_o be_v call_v anatocismus_fw-la and_o be_v discharge_v l._n 28._o c._n de_fw-fr usur_fw-fr yet_o with_o we_o such_o paction_n be_v most_o lawful_a for_o since_o if_o the_o annual_n have_v be_v pay_v they_o have_v bear_v annual_n why_o may_v they_o not_o be_v lend_v out_o to_o the_o debtor_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o vi_o the_o probation_n of_o usury_n be_v either_o by_o writ_n witness_n or_o oath_n as_o to_o write_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v recover_v it_o for_o instruct_v his_o libel_n the_o writ_n be_v ordinary_o in_o the_o usurer_n own_o hand_n and_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la contra_fw-la se._n and_o yet_o i_o find_v lawyer_n very_o clear_a that_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la contra_fw-la se_fw-la bartol_n &_o doctores_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n praetor_n §_o be_v etiam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr edendo_fw-la arelat_n de_fw-fr heretic_n notabil_n 21._o and_o see_v with_o we_o usurer_n be_v obliedge_v to_o swear_v against_o the_o common_a criminal_a rule_n because_o of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o crime_n why_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v their_o writ_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a maxim_n that_o nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la edere_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o hold_v not_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la for_o we_o see_v that_o in_o improbation_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v force_v the_o defender_n upon_o a_o alledgeance_n of_o falsehood_n to_o produce_v all_o his_o writ_n and_o why_o not_o in_o usury_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o advise_v in_o such_o case_n to_o raise_v a_o exhibition_n as_o to_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n it_o be_v doubt_v if_o the_o debtor_n who_o lend_v the_o money_n may_v be_v receive_v as_o witness_v see_v he_o be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o take_v as_o well_o as_o to_o give_v upon_o usury_n but_o with_o we_o these_o be_v receive_v as_o hissleside_n in_o somervel_n case_n 18._o jan._n 1667._o but_o thereafter_o the_o justice_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o sustain_v the_o debtor_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n 11._o november_n 1667._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n contra_fw-la wilson_n and_o that_o because_o by_o the_o 7._o act_n p._n 16._o k._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o usury_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n and_o witness_n insert_v without_o receive_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_n for_o evit_v perjury_n nor_o will_v the_o justice_n sustain_v as_o a_o reply_n that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o unlawful_a annualrent_a in_o this_o case_n have_v pay_v the_o
they_o may_v be_v know_v and_o examine_v and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n 21._o feb._n 1672._o littlegil_n contra_fw-la somervel_n find_v it_o not_o sufficient_a that_o a_o witness_n in_o a_o bond_n crave_v to_o be_v improven_v be_v design_v indweller_n in_o edinburgh_n but_o ordain_v even_o the_o assigney_n to_o condescend_v more_o particular_o though_o the_o assignay_v contend_v that_o he_o be_v a_o singular_a successor_n who_o have_v get_v a_o right_a to_o the_o bond_n he_o can_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o witness_n make_v use_v of_o nor_o be_v he_o obliedge_v to_o consider_v any_o more_o when_o he_o get_v his_o assignation_n but_o that_o the_o bond_n have_v witness_n without_o require_v who_o these_o be_v and_o so_o though_o the_o cedent_fw-la who_o have_v get_v the_o bond_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o condescend_v yet_o he_o can_v not_o and_o yet_o improbation_n be_v pursue_v against_o a_o bond_n grant_v by_o sir_n lewis_n stewart_n to_o his_o son_n kettlestone_n in_o which_o bond_n one_o of_o the_o witness_n be_v design_v john_n carnagy_a servitor_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o southesk_n though_o there_o be_v many_o more_o john_n carnagy_n who_o then_o serve_v the_o earl_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o kettlestone_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o design_n more_o particular_o which_o of_o the_o john_n carnagy_n write_v the_o bond_n and_o that_o it_o be_v relevant_a for_o the_o improver_n to_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o at_o the_o date_n of_o that_o bond_n the_o earl_n of_o southesk_n have_v no_o servant_n who_o can_v write_v such_o a_o bond_n 7._o february_n 1672._o another_o great_a error_n commit_v by_o such_o as_o take_v man_n to_o be_v witness_n to_o the_o writ_n and_o evident_n deliver_v to_o they_o be_v that_o they_o employ_v witness_n who_o have_v not_o see_v the_o party_n subscribe_v nor_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o inquire_v at_o he_o whether_o that_o be_v his_o subscription_n whereas_o if_o that_o paper_n be_v challenge_v as_o false_a or_o null_a it_o will_v be_v declare_v null_n if_o not_o false_a though_o the_o witness_n shall_v depone_v that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o next_o room_n and_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o immediate_o whilst_o the_o ink_n be_v not_o yet_o dry_a and_o that_o he_o know_v his_o master_n subscription_n if_o he_o can_v not_o positive_o depone_v that_o either_o he_o see_v his_o master_n subscribe_v or_o that_o his_o master_n have_v declare_v to_o he_o that_o that_o be_v his_o subscription_n and_o this_o remember_v i_o of_o this_o pretty_a case_n wherein_o i_o myself_o be_v consult_v a_o gentlewoman_n be_v to_o subscribe_v her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n desire_v that_o because_o she_o be_v ashamed_a to_o write_v before_o so_o many_o friend_n she_o may_v have_v the_o paper_n deliver_v to_o she_o to_o be_v subscribe_v in_o another_o room_n and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v send_v with_o she_o to_o the_o other_o room_n she_o cause_v her_o sister-in-law_n who_o go_v alongst_o with_o she_o subscribe_v the_o same_o for_o her_o pretend_v that_o she_o can_v not_o write_v well_o and_o return_v thereafter_o she_o tell_v the_o witness_n that_o that_o be_v her_o subscription_n which_o contract_n be_v thereafter_o quarrel_v upon_o the_o nullity_n of_o not_o be_v true_o subscribe_v before_o witness_n the_o lord_n sustain_v the_o contract_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n above_o specify_v be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o make_v up_o a_o obligation_n of_o great_a importance_n by_o witness_n in_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o consider_v the_o presumption_n adduce_v for_o the_o improver_n in_o his_o indirect_a article_n of_o approbation_n and_o for_o the_o party_n accuse_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n among_o which_o indirect_a article_n the_o chief_a be_v alibi_n a_o false_a date_n and_o comparatio_fw-la literarum_n if_o the_o party_n who_o have_v be_v say_v to_o have_v subscribe_v the_o writ_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v elsewhere_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o have_v be_v at_o edinburgh_n whereas_o the_o writ_n be_v allege_v to_o have_v be_v subscribe_v that_o same_o day_n by_o he_o in_o cathnes_n this_o be_v a_o very_a conclude_a presumption_n of_o falsehood_n since_o a_o man_n can_v not_o by_o the_o swift_a journey_n be_v at_o both_o these_o place_n in_o one_o day_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v a_o most_o conclude_a presumption_n to_o annul_v the_o bond_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v no_o convince_a argument_n which_o can_v infer_v that_o the_o bond_n be_v false_a since_o people_n by_o error_n or_o mistake_n may_v and_o do_v oftentimes_o insert_v a_o wrong_a date_n neglect_v the_o date_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o no_o importance_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n do_v very_o just_o assoilzie_a from_o a_o improbation_n of_o a_o writ_n which_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a in_o the_o date_n since_o the_o witness_n insert_v be_v alive_a and_o do_v depone_v upon_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o subscription_n 23._o may_v 1667._o lord_n may_v contra_fw-la rosse_n and_o upon_o the_o 10._o of_o july_n 1669._o gardner_n contra_fw-la colvil_n a_o writ_n be_v not_o improven_v though_o it_o be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v subscribe_v of_o the_o date_n that_o be_v insert_v in_o respect_n there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o that_o same_o tenor_n true_o subscribe_v that_o day_n which_o be_v a-missing_a the_o grant_a a_o long_a time_n thereafter_o subscribe_v another_o of_o the_o same_o tenor_n and_o date_n and_o the_o first_o be_v thereafter_o find_v and_o both_o produce_v the_o user_n abode_n by_o the_o first_o simple_o and_o by_o the_o last_o as_o to_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o subscription_n but_o not_o of_o the_o date_n which_o be_v so_o insert_v for_o the_o reason_n foresay_a so_o that_o though_o the_o date_n be_v among_o the_o substantial_a solemnity_n requisite_a to_o a_o writ_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o the_o 13._o act_n 9_o parliament_n jam._n 1._o so_o that_o the_o improver_n may_v force_v the_o user_n of_o a_o writ_n to_o condescend_v upon_o a_o particular_a date_n if_o the_o date_n be_v blank_a and_o that_o the_o falseness_n of_o the_o date_n will_v infer_v the_o writ_n to_o be_v false_a except_o this_o presumption_n can_v be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o strong_a contrary_a probation_n yet_o that_o it_o may_v be_v so_o take_v of_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n craig_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v who_o say_v pag._n 156._o si_fw-mi falsa_fw-la data_fw-la apposita_fw-la sit_fw-la totum_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la vitiatur_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la data_fw-la quae_fw-la exprimitur_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la verum_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la aliam_fw-la datam_fw-la substituere_fw-la velit_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la eo_fw-la utitur_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la audiendus_fw-la &_o quoth_v in_o data_fw-la falsa_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la factum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la factum_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la if_o the_o writ_n crave_v to_o be_v improven_v be_v unlike_a in_o its_o subscription_n to_o the_o other_o subscription_n use_v by_o the_o subscriber_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o paper_n quarrel_v be_v say_v to_o be_v subscribe_v than_o it_o be_v most_o suspect_a and_o if_o both_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o grant_a be_v find_v to_o be_v one_o hand_n write_v but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v unlike_o the_o true_a subscription_n than_o the_o writ_n will_v be_v improven_v by_o ocular_a inspection_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earl_n of_o wâ—ymes_n case_n contra_fw-la gall_n july_n 1675._o but_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o infer_v the_o corporal_a punishment_n of_o falsehood_n from_o this_o probation_n which_o be_v but_o at_o best_a presumptive_a for_o the_o grant_a of_o a_o bond_n or_o other_o write_v may_v upon_o design_n subscribe_v to_o stranger_n his_o name_n far_o otherways_o then_o he_o use_v to_o do_v mere_o that_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n may_v thereafter_o quarrel_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o cravet_fw-la consil._n 386._o conclude_v that_o comparatio_fw-la sola_fw-la non_fw-la relevat_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la and_o all_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o recognitio_fw-la scripturae_fw-la privatae_fw-la insert_v plenam_fw-la probationem_fw-la si_fw-la jungatur_fw-la cum_fw-la uno_fw-la testae_fw-la vel_fw-la alia_fw-la somi_fw-la plena_fw-la probatione_fw-la alex._n consil_n 239._o in_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_n to_o receive_v witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la and_o to_o receive_v witness_n sometime_o by_o commission_n as_o in_o captain_n barclaye_v case_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o witness_n in_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n be_v only_o receive_v ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v commit_v or_o delegat_v and_o which_o seem_v stranger_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o defender_n himself_o albeit_o regular_o in_o crime_n the_o defender_n be_v not_o obliedge_v
full_a copy_n must_v be_v give_v because_o all_o diet_n here_o be_v peremptor_n and_o not_o with_o continuation_n of_o day_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v ut_fw-la reus_fw-la veniat_fw-la instructus_fw-la ad_fw-la defendendum_fw-la whereas_o before_o the_o session_n a_o short_a copy_n be_v sufficient_a because_o the_o summons_n be_v give_v out_o to_o see_v and_o a_o time_n allow_v to_o answer_v the_o diet_n be_v here_o so_o peremptory_a that_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v cite_v to_o a_o day_n whereupon_o the_o council_n sit_v not_o if_o he_o appear_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o he_o be_v cite_v and_o take_v instrument_n at_o the_o council_n chamber_n he_o will_v not_o be_v thereafter_o oblige_v to_o attend_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n for_o be_v absent_a for_o see_v it_o be_v peremptory_a against_o he_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v peremptory_a for_o he_o where_o many_o party_n be_v cite_v as_o defender_n upon_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o council_n any_o one_o or_o two_o will_v be_v allow_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o rest_n they_o find_v caution_n and_o enact_v themselves_o to_o be_v liable_a for_o whatever_o shall_v be_v discern_v against_o those_o for_o who_o they_o undertake_v which_o privilege_n be_v grant_v if_o no_o personal_a punishment_n be_v conclude_v against_o the_o defender_n but_o if_o either_o the_o complaint_n conclude_v or_o that_o the_o crime_n will_v in_o law_n infer_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n then_o the_o offering_n to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v will_v not_o be_v allow_v nam_fw-la noxa_fw-la caput_fw-la sequi_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o no_o man_n can_v bind_v his_o body_n for_o another_o nam_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v appear_v by_o his_o procurator_n but_o the_o defender_n must_v either_o be_v present_a or_o send_v a_o testificat_fw-la of_o his_o sickness_n upon_o soul_n and_o conscience_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o any_o counsellor_n that_o he_o may_v undertake_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o defender_n that_o be_v cite_v quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o defender_n will_v not_o be_v unlaw_v or_o denounce_v fugitive_n upon_o his_o absence_n but_o his_o defence_n will_v be_v receive_v as_o if_o he_o be_v present_a nor_o can_v any_o bill_n for_o receive_v a_o complaint_n pass_v against_o a_o councillor_n but_o in_o presentia_fw-la the_o council_n by_o the_o first_o constitution_n be_v only_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o what_o concern_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o be_v neither_o judge_n in_o civil_a case_n nor_o crime_n but_o in_o so_o far_o as_o these_o impinged_a upon_o or_o be_v violation_n thereof_o but_o now_o that_o judicator_n do_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o riot_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n hear_v to_o many_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a but_o see_v the_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n aim_v only_o to_o illustrat_fw-la our_o criminal_a law_n i_o shall_v only-conside_a the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o council_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o can_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o crime_n ii_o the_o most_o ordinar_n crime_n which_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o council_n be_v these_o which_o we_o call_v riot_n in_o our_o law_n a_o riot_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n commit_v by_o oppression_n or_o wrong_v his_o majesty_n liege_n by_o force_n and_o violence_n instance_n whereof_o be_v the_o dispossess_v any_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n by_o a_o convocation_n of_o the_o liedge_n or_o otherwise_o the_o affront_a of_o magistrate_n by_o raise_v tumult_n against_o they_o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o which_o crime_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o consider_v that_o jura_fw-la maxim_n oderunt_fw-la violentias_fw-la &_o rapinas_fw-la &_o pluribus_fw-la modis_fw-la succurrant_fw-la vim_o passis_fw-la &_o spoliatis_fw-la for_o here_o the_o public_a be_v wound_v in_o break_v its_o peace_n and_o private_a person_n be_v wrong_v by_o the_o prejudice_n do_v upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n have_v furnish_v more_o remedy_n against_o this_o than_o any_o other_o crime_n for_o either_o it_o may_v be_v pursue_v civil_o per_fw-la interdictum_fw-la unde_fw-la vi_fw-la so_o call_v from_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n which_o run_v thus_o unde_fw-la vi_fw-la tu_fw-la illum_fw-la dejecisti_fw-la terestituere_fw-la cogam_fw-la which_o interdict_v restore_v only_o the_o possession_n of_o immovables_n whereas_o moveable_n be_v spoilzy_v be_v crave_v back_o actione_n vibonorum_fw-la justinian_n also_o introduce_v that_o he_o who_o rest_n and_o violent_o take_v what_o be_v his_o own_o shall_v lose_v it_o l._n 7._o c._n unde_fw-la vi_fw-la for_o in_o this_o the_o resumer_n usurp_v the_o power_n of_o the_o magistrate_n who_o ministry_n be_v requisite_a in_o invert_v the_o present_a possession_n the_o canon_n law_n likewise_o have_v introduce_v beneficium_fw-la cap._n redintae_fw-la grandae_fw-la 4._o cap._n 3._o quest_n 1._o and_o menoch_n relate_v 17._o remedy_n and_o philip._n franc._n 24._o for_o recovery_n of_o possession_n and_o see_v the_o thing_n possess_v be_v still_o presume_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o possessor_n and_o that_o hardly_o the_o right_n of_o moveable_n can_v be_v otherwise_o prove_v then_o by_o possession_n the_o law_n do_v most_o reasonable_o both_o for_o secure_v property_n and_o punish_v violence_n establish_v that_o great_a rule_n that_o spoliatus_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la restituendus_fw-la and_o conform_v thereto_o the_o council_n who_o be_v never_o judge_n to_o property_n but_o only_o to_o possession_n so_o that_o in_o effect_n all_o their_o sentence_n be_v interdict_v do_v still_o restore_v the_o possession_n to_o the_o person_n eject_v and_o likewise_o punish_v arbitrar_o the_o violence_n commit_v for_o we_o have_v no_o express_a statute_n tax_v the_o punishment_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v account_v no_o riot_n or_o rout_n except_o three_o at_o least_o be_v present_a and_o that_o something_o be_v do_v ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la populi_fw-la for_o break_v of_o the_o peace_n bolton_n cap._n 31._o iii_o the_o two_o ordinar_n defence_n which_o be_v propon_v against_o riotous_a ejection_n be_v that_o by_o a_o writ_n it_o be_v lawful_a and_o agree_v upon_o betwixt_o party_n that_o the_o defender_n may_v have_v eject_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi if_o he_o remove_v not_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v which_o will_v defend_v against_o a_o riot_n and_o yet_o craig_n relate_v a_o case_n p._n 198._o where_o one_o who_o have_v grant_v a_o tack_v only_o for_o a_o year_n have_v eject_v the_o tacks-man_n after_o expire_a of_o that_o year_n be_v pursue_v actione_n unde_fw-la vio_n in_o a_o action_n of_o ejection_n and_o be_v force_v to_o transact_v albeit_o he_o contend_v that_o the_o word_n only_o be_v exclusive_a of_o any_o future_a possession_n but_o where_o by_o express_a paction_n it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o he_o who_o enter_v to_o enter_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la without_o process_n or_o hazard_v of_o ejection_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o paction_n be_v unlawful_a see_v no_o man_n can_v warrant_v violence_n and_o this_o seem_v as_o unlawful_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v oblige_v himself_o never_o to_o pursue_v for_o any_o injury_n to_o be_v do_v he_o which_o paction_n the_o law_n declare_v express_o unlawful_a &_o nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la renunciare_fw-la juri_fw-la publico_fw-la and_o this_o be_v to_o allow_v private_a person_n the_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v think_v but_o this_o paction_n be_v extort_a and_o albeit_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v exclude_v by_o this_o paction_n yet_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v certain_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la if_o opposition_n be_v make_v and_o violence_n use_v notwithstanding_o of_o which_o i_o remember_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o argile_n have_v obtain_v a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v against_o george_n campbel_n and_o it_o be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o term_n the_o lord_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o bill_n that_o the_o earl_n may_v eject_v he_o brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o term_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n but_o the_o earl_n be_v sheriff_n here_o himself_o and_o so_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o prorogat_v and_o the_o law_n be_v express_v that_o privatus_fw-la potest_fw-la ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la prorogare_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la aliqualem_fw-la habet_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la privatus_fw-la consensus_fw-la tribuere_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la nullam_fw-la habet_fw-la vid._n hanc_fw-la quaestionem_fw-la apud_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n creditores_fw-la c._n the_o pign_n &_o hipoth_v but_o here_o also_o the_o lord_n warrant_v to_o eject_v be_v a_o delegate_a of_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n i_o conceive_v also_o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o violence_n nor_o opposition_n make_v the_o voluntar_n consent_n may_v allow_v the_o ejection_n especial_o in_o a_o master_n towards_o his_o own_o tennent_n who_o have_v a_o natural_a jurisdiction_n in_o that_o case_n and_o that_o his_o ejection_n be_v also_o
instance_n of_o the_o fisk._n 2._o if_o the_o objection_n be_v such_o as_o tend_v to_o cast_v the_o witness_n mere_o because_o of_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v as_o that_o he_o be_v servant_n or_o within_o degree_n defendant_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o though_o the_o party_n wrong_v insist_v not_o yet_o these_o witness_n can_v be_v receive_v if_o any_o advantage_n may_v accress_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o their_o deposition_n and_o except_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o shall_v thereby_o reap_v no_o advantage_n and_o except_v the_o crime_n be_v such_o as_o do_v no_o affront_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o be_v still_o presume_v that_o his_o relation_n will_v retain_v a_o private_a grudge_n or_o malice_n whereupon_o they_o may_v prejudge_v in_o their_o deposition_n both_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o defender_n and_o yet_o ordinary_o with_o we_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v receive_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n thus_o neilson_n be_v receive_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n for_o witchcraft_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o nicol_n who_o give_v information_n in_o the_o dittay_n because_o the_o summons_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o his_o instance_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1622._o and_o yet_o in_o that_o same_o process_n stirling_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o muir_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v malificiat_a by_o she_o albeit_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o raise_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o muir_n nor_o none_o of_o his_o relation_n which_o i_o think_v both_o irregular_a and_o dangerous_a albeit_o these_o be_v relevant_a objection_n against_o witness_n yet_o if_o the_o proponer_n of_o the_o objection_n cite_v they_o also_o at_o his_o own_o instance_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v habiles_fw-la testes_fw-la but_o sometime_o he_o may_v notwithstanding_o propon_n objection_n even_o against_o those_o himself_n cite_v v_o g._n though_o i_o cite_v a_o man_n to_o be_v witness_n for_o i_o yet_o i_o may_v set_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n for_o my_o adversary_n because_o he_o be_v brother_n or_o servant_n iv._o the_o objection_n contradicta_fw-la testium_fw-la be_v singularity_n and_o contrariety_n and_o the_o not_o give_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la singularity_n be_v when_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n have_v no_o concur_v witness_n and_o this_o singularity_n be_v divide_v in_o obstativam_fw-la adminiculativam_fw-la &_o diversificativam_fw-la singularitas_fw-la obstativa_fw-la be_v in_o acta_fw-la non_fw-la reiterabili_fw-la a_o instance_n whereof_o they_o give_v in_o susanna_n and_o the_o two_o elder_n who_o depone_v upon_o the_o same_o adultery_n but_o differ_v in_o the_o place_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o reiterable_a or_o reiterated_a that_o two_o witness_n vary_v upon_o the_o time_n or_o place_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n be_v murder_v at_o edimburgh_n and_o the_o other_o at_o haddingtoun_n these_o deposition_n can_v not_o be_v conjoin_v for_o prove_v the_o murder_n singularitas_fw-la adminiculativa_fw-la be_v where_o the_o witness_n do_v not_o concur_v in_o their_o deposition_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a and_o the_o one_o assist_v the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o prove_v that_o a_o horse_n be_v steal_v one_o shall_v depon_n that_o he_o see_v the_o thief_n go_v in_o without_o a_o horse_n another_o see_v he_o take_v the_o horse_n but_o no_o more_o which_o singularity_n in_o deposition_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o witness_n to_o prove_v neither_o by_o our_o practic_n nor_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n singularitas_fw-la diversificativa_fw-la be_v when_o witness_n depon_n different_a act_n as_o in_o a_o crime_n which_o be_v reiterable_a and_o thus_o the_o adultery_n against_o john_n maxwel_n be_v find_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v though_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n depone_v only_o upon_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o one_o time_n and_o another_o of_o a_o adultery_n commit_v at_o another_o time_n february_n 1666._o for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o if_o one_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o through_o a_o hole_n and_o see_v adultery_n commit_v and_o thereafter_o another_o witness_n shall_v peep_v in_o and_o see_v the_o adultery_n likewise_o commit_v yet_o they_o be_v contest_v and_o do_v prove_v sufficient_o etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la infligendam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o probation_n of_o adultery_n lead_v against_o george_n swintoun_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o case_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a for_o in_o george_n swintoun_v case_n both_o the_o witness_n concur_v in_o one_o act_n but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n maxwel_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o deposition_n be_v conjoin_v against_o he_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o sustain_v a_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o these_o different_a probation_n can_v have_v be_v conjoin_v if_o the_o case_n have_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o farin_n quest_n 64._o the_o opposition_n contra_fw-la exam_fw-la testium_fw-la num_fw-la 55._o xv._n witness_n who_o depon_n thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a do_v not_o prove_v if_o that_o contrariety_n be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v substantial_a but_o though_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n yet_o they_o prove_v &_o verba_fw-la sunt_fw-la improprianda_fw-la nut_n testes_fw-la concordentur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la concordari_fw-la debent_fw-la aliquando_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la per_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la supletivam_fw-la but_o though_o contrariety_n be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o deposition_n yet_o too_o formal_a a_o agreement_n among_o the_o witness_n who_o depon_n all_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n &_o per_fw-la praemeditatum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la be_v suspect_v v_o g._n if_o two_o or_o more_o witness_n shall_v tell_v over_o a_o long_a story_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o farin_n well_o observe_v quest_n 64._o num_fw-la 24._o xvi_o lawyer_n have_v take_v so_o great_a pain_n to_o secure_v the_o life_n of_o poor_a panel_n that_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v witness_n though_o concur_v except_o they_o can_v render_v a_o sufficient_a causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la if_o the_o thing_n deponed_a fall_n under_o sense_n as_o the_o see_v a_o man_n kill_v if_o it_o fall_v not_o under_o a_o sense_n absolute_o as_o that_o a_o person_n be_v drink_v mad_a or_o repute_v a_o thief_n etc._n etc._n betwixt_o which_o two_o there_o be_v likewise_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o these_o thing_n that_o fall_v not_o under_o sense_n the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la must_v be_v give_v whether_o it_o be_v ask_v or_o not_o because_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v the_o ratio_fw-la scientiae_fw-la and_o not_o the_o deposition_n which_o prove_v in_o that_o case_n witness_n must_v in_o our_o law_n be_v receive_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o assize_n that_o the_o panel_n presence_n may_v overawe_n the_o deponer_n and_o that_o the_o assize_n may_v judge_v by_o the_o deponers_n countenance_n gesture_n and_o assurance_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v and_o advocat_n be_v to_o be_v present_a that_o they_o may_v interrogat_n upon_o emergent_n and_o this_o be_v much_o just_a than_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n be_v who_o allow_v neither_o advocate_n nor_o party_n to_o be_v present_a whilst_o the_o witness_n depon_n gomes_n de_fw-fr delict_n cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 65._o and_o in_o this_o also_o we_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n custodias_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n judiciis_fw-la xvii_o witness_n be_v sometime_o receive_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la for_o the_o defender_n but_o never_o for_o the_o accuser_n and_o that_o because_o the_o accuser_n may_v blame_v himself_o for_o not_o pursue_v soon_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o defender_n power_n and_o testibus_fw-la non_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la creditur_fw-la whereas_o deposition_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la be_v only_o testimonia_fw-la and_o yet_o with_o we_o the_o justice_n sometime_o declare_v in_o court_n when_o they_o continue_v diet_n that_o they_o will_v receive_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n to_o lie_v in_o retentis_fw-la but_o this_o form_n be_v not_o allowable_a in_o my_o opinion_n except_o both_o party_n consent_n because_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n xviii_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o our_o law_n that_o albeit_o it_o allow_v the_o panel_n to_o object_n against_o witness_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o cite_v witness_n to_o prove_v his_o objection_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi adduce_v a_o witness_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o theft_n by_o a_o sentence_n at_o aberdene_n this_o will_v be_v relevant_a but_o the_o panel_n can_v not_o