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A66701 The new help to discourse or, Wit, mirth, and jollity. intermixt with more serious matters consisting of pleasant astrological, astronomical, philosophical, grammatical, physical, chyrurgical, historical, moral, and poetical questions and answers. As also histories, poems, songs, epitaphs, epigrams, anagrams, acrosticks, riddles, jests, poesies, complements, &c. With several other varieties intermixt; together with The countrey-man's guide; containing directions for the true knowledge of several matters concerning astronomy and husbandry, in a more plain and easie method than any yet extant. By W. W. gent. Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698.; Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698. Country-man's guide. aut. 1680 (1680) Wing W3070; ESTC R222284 116,837 246

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enough Turn up O Tyrant great Assay whether roasted or raw Thou find'st the better meat Aug. 15. Is according to Tradition the day when the blessed Virgin Mary was both Soul and Body taken up into Heaven Sep. 8. Is in memory of her happy birth ●y whom the Author of all life and safety was born into the world 29 Sep. Michael or Michaelmas is in commemoration of St. Michael the Arch-Angel and of all the nine Orders of holy Angels And it is called the Dedication of St. Michael ●rom the dedicating of a Church in Rome to ●im by Pope Boniface 1 Nov. All Saints or All-hallows is celebrated in commemoration of all the Saints 2 Nov. All Souls is likewise commemora●ed for the Souls of all the faithful departed ●nd these two days All Saints and All Souls were of so eminent observance that no Courts were kept on those days in Westminster-hall The four Sundays of Advent are those pre●eding Christmas day and were instituted as a commemorative of our Saviours Advent or coming to redeem the world by his happy birth Christmas Day or the Nativity of our Saviour Christ is a most solemn Feast yearly celebrated even from the Apostles time to this day in memory of the birth of our Saviour at Bethlehem 28 Dec. Holy Innocents is a Feast in memory of those Babes which Herod slew when he sought for our blessed Saviour in which massacre it is said that a Child of Herods being at nurse was murthered amongst the rest which Augustus hearing of he said it was better to be Herods Hog than his Son because the Jews would eat no Swines flesh The several Feasts of the Apostles and other Saints were instituted by the Church to honour God in his Saints and for us to imitate their holy and godly examples St. Peter and St. Paul are joyned in one solemnity because they were principal and joynt co-operators under Christ in the conversion of the world the first converting the Jews the other the Gentiles as also because both were martyr'd at the same place Rome and on the same day 29 June The four Ember weeks in Latine quatuo●tempora are times of publick prayer of falting partly instituted for the successful ordination of the Priests and Ministers of the Church and partly to beg and render thank to God for the fruits and blessings of the earth Ember comes from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. dies a day others call them Ember day from the ancient custom of eating nothing on those days till night and then only a Cake baked under the Embers or Ashes which was called Panem subcineritium Ember bread Wakes or Countrey Feasts used always to be observed on the Sunday next after that Saints day to whom the Parish Church was dedicated and took its original from a Letter written by Gregory the Great to Melitus Abbot who was sent into England with Austin the Monk in these words It may therefore be permitted them meaning the English that on the Dedication days or other solemn days of Martyrs they make them Bowers about the Churches and refreshing themselves and feasting together after a good religious sort kill their Oxen now to the praise of God and increase of Charity which before they were wont to sacrifice to the Devil c. Bedes Eccl. Hist Chap. 30. And they were called Wakes because on those feasts the people were wont to awake from sleep at the several Vigils of the Night and go to prayer but that custom was long ago laid aside and the Feasting part also little or nothing regarded Besides these we have three other days by act of Parliament set apart for Religious holy Duties viz. the fifth of November when some bloody Papists intended to have blown up the Parliament-House with Gunpowder in the third year of the Reign of King James the second the 30 of January a day of humiliation for the execrable murther of King Charles the first And the third the 29 of May a day of thansgiving for the happy Restauration of King Charles the second Qu. What is the observation that is commonly made on St. Pauls day being the 25 of January An. If Saint Pauls day be fair and clear It doth betoken a happy year But if it chance to Snow or Rain Then shall be dear all kind of Grain And if that winds be aloft Then shall we hear of wars full oft And if it do thunder that day Great dearth shall be as wise men say Another Observation When our Lord doth lye in our Ladies Lap Then O England beware a clap Other short Observations for each Month in the year January If the Sun shine the twelfth of January there shall be store of wind that year February If it thunder upon Shrove-Tuesday it foretelleth wind store of fruit and plenty the Sun beams being early abroad and so much as he shineth on that day the like he will shine every day in Lent March So many Mists as there be in March so many hoar Frosts there will be after Easter April If it rain upon Ascension day which most cammonly falleth in April it doth betoke● scarcity of all kind of food for Cattel but being fair it signifieth plenty May. If the Sun shine upon the twenty fifth o● May wine shall prosper well also in the end of May if Oaks begin to bear Blossoms i● doth foreshew great store of Tallow and Frui● June If it rain the twenty fourth day of June Hazel-nuts will not prosper July If it be fair three Sundays before St. Jame's day Corn will be good but wet Corn will wither August If the wind change on St. Bartholemews day at night the following year will not be ●ood September So many dayes old the Moon is on Michaelmas day so many Floods will be that winter October If leaves now hang upon the Trees it portends a cold winter or many Catterpillers November If on the tenth of November the Heavens be cloudy it prognosticates a wet winter if clear and dry a sharp winter December If Christmas-day comes in the new of the Moon it is a token of a good year and so much the better by how much it is nearer the new Moon the contrary happeneth in the decrease Thus each month doth procure an observation Which may be made useful unto the Nation For if that we do things but rightly weigh We will believe what our Forefathers say Who by experience knew such things to be And so preserv'd them for posterity Qu. What is that they call the Golden Number Epact Circle of the Sun Dominical Letter c. An. The Golden Number is the Revolution of 19 years in which time all the Lunations or Aspects betwixt the Sun and Moon return to the same place they were in before and is so called either because it was sent in Golden Letters from Alexandria in Egypt to Rome or for that it is written in red or Golden Letters in the Kalendar The Epact is the number of 11
a miserable servitude by which means although their Cavalry or Horse be very good yet their Infantry or Foot comes infinitely far short of those of ours in England where the Commons enjoy such priviledges as the French Peasants neither have nor can hope for Qu. What said the Poet concerning those who first adventured to plough the Ocean waves with a Ship An. Illi robur aes triplex Circa pectus erat qui fragilem tru●i Commisit pelago ratem Hard was his heart as brass which first did venture In a weak Ship on the rough Seas to enter Qu. What King of Scotland was he on whom the Prophecy concerning Jacobs stone was fulfilled that a King of that Nation should live to be crowned thereupon An. King James the first of that name of England and the sixth of Scotland who was Crowned at Westminster whither the same was brought by our Edward the first at such time as he harassed Scotland with Fire and Sword on which stone was this written If Fates go right where ere this Stone is pight The Regal Race of Scots shall rule that place This Stone is said to be the same on which Jacob slept when to avoid his brothers fury he fled to Padan-aram to Laban his mother Rebeckahs brother Of which stone one thus further writes The Stone reserv'd in England many a day On which old Jacob his grave head did lay And saw descending Angels whilst he slept Which since that time by sundry Nations kept From age to age I could recite you how Could I my pen that liberty allow A King of Scotland ages coming on Should live for to be crown'd upon that Stone Qu. What three things are those which are accounted very strange or rather miraculous in the Countrey of Scotland An. 1. The Lake of Mirton part of whose waters do congeal in winter part of them not 2. The Lake of Lenox twenty four miles round in which are thirty Islands one of which is driven to and fro in every tempest 3. The Deaf-stone twelve foot high and thirty three cubits thick of this rare quality that a Musquet shot off on the one side cannot be heard by a man standing on the other Qu. In how many forms doth a Physitian appear to his Patient An. In these three 1. In the form of a skilful man when he promiseth help 2. In the shape of an Angel when he performs it 3. In the form of a Devil when he asketh his reward And therefore it is the Physicians Rule Accipe dum dolet Take the second Fee while the Sick hand giveth it But if Diseases thou hast none Let the Physician then alone For he thereby may purge thy purse And make thy body ten times worse Qu. What Trade is set up at the least charge An. A Scriveners for the Wing of a Goose sets up forty of them Qu. Of what four parts should a good History consist An. Of Annals Diaries Commentaries and Chronologies borrowing from them all somewhat to beautifie her self withal especially from Annals the year and Diaries the day in which any remarkable business happened from Commentaries is derived matter and from Chronologies consent of Times and Coetanity of Princes Qu. What is it that makes Physicians well An. Other mens sickness according to the Poet Physicians are most miserable men That cannot be deny'd For they 'r ne'r truly well but when Most men are ill beside Qu. What were the names of the seven wise men of Greece An. Bius Solon Chilon Cleobules Pitarus and Periander but now our age is grown so wise or self-conceited that as the Poet hath it The wise men were but seven now we scarce know So many fools the world so wise doth grow And yet I think I may safely say with another Poet In these two terms all people we comprize Some men are wise but most are otherwise Qu. Into how many parts is the world divided An. Into four parts and four Religions Asia Africa America Europe Jewish Mahometan Pagan Christian hope Qu. Why did Godfrey of Bulloign when he took upon him the Title of the King of Jerusalem yet by no means would be perswaded to he crowned King An. Because he judged himself unworthy to wear a Crown of Gold where his Lotd and Saviour was crowned with thorns With Golden Crown it is not fit t' adorn The servants head where the Masters Crown was thorn Such was the humility of great men in former times thus we read of Saladine Emperor of the Turks that at his death he caused a black shirt to be fixt on a spear and carried round about his Camp with this proclamation This black shirt was all that Saladine Conqueror of the East after all his Victories and successes carried with him to his grave Who then would credence give to humane glory Since that the best of all is transitory Qu. By what means according as it is deliver'd by Authors was Constantine the great first converted to the Christian Faith An. Socrates Scholastius writing thereon saith That when Constantine was appointed Emperor in Britain Maxentius was by the Pretorian Soldiers chosen at Rome and Lycinius nominated Successor by Maximinius Against these Constantine marching and being in his mind somewhat pensive he cast his eyes up to Heaven where he saw in the Sky a lightsome Pillar in the form of a Cross wherein were engraven these words In hoc vince The night following our Saviour appeared to him in a Vision commanding him to bear the figure of that Cross in his Banners and he should overcome his Enemies Constantine obeyed the vision and was accordingly victorious after which he not only favoured the Christians but became himself also one of that Holy profession This Constantine as most Writers agree was the Son of Helena daughter to Caelus or Coylus a British Prince and Colchester was the place where he beheld the light as the Poet Necham learnedly sung From Colchester there rose a Star The Rayes whereof gave glorious light Throughout the World in Climates far Great Constantine Romes Emperor bright Helena his Mother was she that built the Temple of the Sepulchre at Jerusalem and found out the Holy Cross much ado had the good Lady to find the place where Christ was buried for the Jews and Heathens had raised great Hillocks thereon and built there a Temple to Venus This Temple being plucked down and the Earth digged away she found the three Crosses whereon our blessed Saviour and the two Thieves had suffered to know which of these was the right Cross they were all carried to a woman who had long been visited with sickness and now lay at the point of death The Crosses of the two thieves did the weak woman no good but as soon as they laid on her the Cross on which our Lord dyed she leaped up and was restored to her former health or this Cross there are in several places shown so many pieces that as one saith were they all put together
ground remaining a deep pit August 4. Anno 1584. At the end of the Town call'd Nottingham in Kent eight miles from London the ground began to sink three great Elms being swallowed up and driven into the Earth past mans sight March 17. 1586. A strange thing happened Mr. Dorrington of Spaldwick in the County of Huntington Esquire had a Horse which dyed suddenly and being ripped up to see the cause of his death there was found ●n a hole of the heart of the Horse a Worm of a wondrous form it lay on a round heap ●n a Kall or Skin in the likeness of a Toad which being taken out and spreed abroad was in form and fashion not easie to be described the length of which worm divided into many grains to the number of eighty spread from the body like the branches of a Tree was from the snout to the end of the longest grain seventeen inches having four Issues in the grains from whence dropped forth a red water The body in bigness round about was three inches and a half the colour was very like the colour of a Maycril This monstrous worm crawling about to have got away was stabbed in with a dagger and so died which after being dryed was shown to many persons of account for a great rarity Sunday December 5. in the thirty eighth year of Queen Elizabeths Reign a great number of people being assembled in the Cathedral Church of Wells in Sommersetshire in the Sermon time before noon a sudden darkness fell among them and storm and tempest follow'd after with lightning and thunder such as overthrew to the ground them that were in the body of the Church and all the Church seemed to be on a ligat fire a loathsome stench followed some stones were stricken out of the Bell-Tower the Wyers and Irons of the Clock were melted which tempest being ceased and the people come again to themselves some of them were found to be marked with strange figures on their bodies and their garments not perished nor any marked that were in the Chancel How daily ought we then for to pray thus From Lightning and Tempest Lord deliver us Anno 1604. in the Reign of King James John Lepton of Kepwick in the county of York Esquire a Gentleman of an ancient Family and of good reputation his Majesties Servant and one of the Grooms of his most honourable privy Chamber performed so memorable a journey as deserves to be recorded to future ages because many Gentlemen who were good Horse-men and divers Physicians did affirm it was impossible for him to do without apparent danger of his life He undertook to ride five several times betwixt London and York in six dayes to be taken in one week betwixt Munday morning and Saturday night He began his journey upon munday being the 26 of May in the year aoresaid betwixt two and three of the Clock n● the morning forth of Saint Martins near Aldersgate within the City of London and came to York the same day betwixt the hours of five and six in the afternoon where he rested that night The next morning being Tuesday about three of the clock he took his journey forth of York and came to his lodging in Saint Martins aforesaid betwixt the hours of six and seven in the afternoon where he rested that night The next morning being Wednesday betwixt two and three of the clock he took his journey forth of London and came into York about seven of the clock the same day where he rested that night the next morning being Thursday betwixt two and three of the Clock he took his journey forth of York and came to London the same day betwixt seven and eight of the clock where he rested that night the next morning being Fryday betwixt two and three of the clock he ●ook his journey towards York and came thither the same day betwixt the hours of seven and eight in the afternoon so as he finished his appointed journey to the admiration of all men in five days according to his promise and upon Munday the seven and twentieth of the same Moneth he went from York and came to the Court at Greenwich upon Tuesday the 28. to his Majesty in as fresh and cheerful manner as when he first began Anno 1608. in the fifth year of King James upon the 19. of February when it should have been low water at London-Bridge quite contrary to course it was then high water and presently it ebbed almost half an hour the quantity of a foot and then suddenly it flowed again almost two foot higher than it did before and then ebbed again until it came to its course almost as it was at first so that the next flood began in a manner as it should and kept its due course in all respects as if there had been no shifting nor alteration of Tydes all this happened before twelve a clock in the forenoon the water being indifferent calm And now we are come to our own memory viz. the Reign of King Charles the First in which we find that there was a Fish taken and sold in Cambridge Market which had in its belly a book of an ancient print part whereof was consumed but enough left to be legibly read as you may find in Mr. Hammond Lestrange his History of King Charles the first The wonder of his time old Thomas Parre a Shropshire man who attained to the age of 152 years and odd months being afterwards brought up to the Court as a miracle of nature but having changed his air and dyet he soon after dyed and was buried in Westminster Abbey The Woman at Oxford which was condemned upon a supposed crime having hanged a good space and being by the Soldiers knockt divers times on the breast with the but-end of their Muskets to put her the sooner out of her pain yet afterwards when she was cut down and ready to be Anatomized there was life perceived in her and by applying some things unto her she recover'd her memory and senses was afterwards found guiltless of the fact married and had three or four children June the second Anno 1657. a Whale of a prodigious bulk being sixty foot in length and of a proportionable bigness was cast on shore not far from Green-wich which was lookt upon to be a great presage of some wonderful matters soon after to ensue and indeed the event proved it to be true for not long after Cromwel full sore against his will in a great wind was hurryed away into another World The last but not the least wonder is of one Martha Taylor hear to Packwel in Darbyshire who from Saint Thomas day in the year ● four Lord 1667. to the present writing hereof being the 11. day of January 1668. hath not asted any sustenance in all that time she ●s still living and audible to be heard but more like an anatomy or Picture of death than ● living creature Qu. What other wonders are there to be