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A17958 The survey of Cornvvall. Written by Richard Carew of Antonie, Esquire Carew, Richard, 1555-1620. 1602 (1602) STC 4615; ESTC S107479 166,204 339

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his liberality Which domestical example encouraged his sonne Roger the more hardily to hazard the more willingly to resigne his life in the vnfortunate Mary Rose A disposition successe equally fatall to that house for his sonne againe the second Sir Ric. after his trauell and following the warres vnder the Emperour Maximilian against the great Turke for which his name is recorded by sundry forrain writers and his vndertaking to people Virginia and Ireland made so glorious a conclusion in her Maiesties ship the Reuenge of which he had charge as Captaine of the whole fleet as Vice-admirall that it seemed thereby when he foūd none other to compare withall in his life he striued through a vertuous enuy to exceed it in his death A victorious losse for the realme and of which the Spaniard may say with Pirrhus that many such conquests would beget his vtter ouerthrow Lastly his son Iohn took hold of euery martiall occasion that was ministred him vntill in seruice against her Highnesse enemies vnder the commaund of Sir Walter Ralegh the Ocean became his bedde of honour Neither may I without wrong passe ouer Captaine George Wray in silence who by a rare temperature of vertues breathed courage into his soldiers purchased loue amongst his acquaintance and bred dismay in his enemies Or captaine Hender the absolutest man of war for precise obseruing martiall rules which his dayes affoorded besides his commendable sufficiencie of head and hand for inuention and execution I will end with master William Lower late captaine of Sir Frauncis Veres companie in Netherland who hath opened the war schoole vnto a great many Cornish yong gentlemen that vnder his conduct sought to conforme themselues to his patterne euerie way accomplished with all the due parts of honour For Mechanical sciences the old Veale of Bodmyn might iustly expostulate with my silence if I should not spare him a roome in this Suruey while hee so well deserues it This man hath beene so beholden to Mercuryes predominant strength in his natiuitle that without a teacher hee is become very skilfull in welneere all maner of handy-crafts a Carpenter a Ioyner a Milwright a free-Mason a Clockmaker a Caruer mettall founder Architect quid non yea a Surgeon Phisicion Alchumist c. So as that which Gorgias of Leontium vaunted of the liberall sciences he may professe of the mechanicall viz. to be ignorant in none The Cornish minds thus qualified are the better enabled to expresse the same by the strong actiue healthfull constitution of their bodies touching each wherof a little in particular though we shall haue a fitter generall occasion to discourse therof where we handle their passetimes For strength one Iohn Bray well knowne to me as my tenant carried vpon his backe at one time by the space welneere of a Butte length sixe bushels of wheaten meale reckoning fifteen gallons to the bushel and the Miller a lubber of foure and twenty yeres age vpon the whole Iohn Romane a short clownish grub would beare the whole carkase of an Oxe and yet neuer tugged with him like that so famous Milo when hee was a Calfe For actiuity one Kiltor committed to Launceston Gayle for the last Cornish commotion lying there in the castle-greene vpon his back threw a stone of some pounds wayght ouer that Towres top which leadeth into the parke For health 80. 90. yeres age is ordinary in euery place and in most persons accompanied with an able vse of the body his sences One Polzew lately liuing reached vnto 130. a kinsman of his to 112. one Beauchamp to 106. yea Brawne the begger a Cornishman by wandring for I cannot say by inhabitance though Irish by birth out-scoreth a hundred winters by I wote not how many reuolutions And in the parish where God hath seated my poore dwelling I remember the decease of foure within 14. weekes space whose yeres added together made vp the summe of 340. Now to the degrees of their seuerall callings wherein as I will poast ouer the Dukes to another place so for Noblemen I may deliuer in a word that Cornwall at this present enioyeth the residence of none at al. The occasion whereof groweth partly because their issue female haue caried away the Inhabitance together with the Inheritance to Gentlemen of the Easterne parts and partly for that their issue male little affecting so remote a corner liked better to transplant their possessions neerer to the heart of the Realme Elder times were not so barraine for besides the Lord Tregoyes in Wil. Conquerours dayes Bottreaux Castle vaunted his Baron of that title both now descended to the Earles of Huntingdon the last deceased of which retayning the honour departed with the land to my kinde friend master Iohn Hender a Gentleman for his good parts employed by her Maiestie amongst others in the peace gouernment of the shire The Lord Bonuile his house was at Trelawne alias Trelawney lately purchased of her Highnes by Sir Ionathan Trelawny a Knight well spoken stayed in his cariage and of thrifty prouidence The Lord Bray dwelt at the Lord Brooke at Kellington where one of them hath his tombe the Lord Marney at Colquite and the Lord Denham at Cardenham Boconnock also appertained to the Earles of Deuon and was by Frauncis Earle of Bedford solde to Sir William Mohun who deriued his pedigree from the ancient Barons of that name and is also issued from one of those Earles of Deuons sisters and heyres This together with other fayre possessions now resteth in Sir Reignald Mohun his sonne one that by his courteous iust and liberall course of life maintayneth the reputation and encreaseth the loue alwayes borne his ancestours The most Cornish Gentlemen can better vaunt of their pedigree then their liuelyhood for that they deriue from great antiquitie and I make question whether any shire in England of but equall quantitie can muster a like number of faire coate-Armours whereas this declineth to the meane One cause there is of both proceeding from the want of those supplies which seruice law and marchandise afford the more inward Inhabitants of the Realme as I haue else where touched yet this rule is not so generall but that it admitteth his exceptions for there are diuers whose patrimonies extend to a large proportion for the residue the cheapnes of their prouisions and their casualties of Tyn and fines which 2. later ordinarily treble the certaine reuennue of their rents enable them with their few scores to equall the expences of those Easterne dwellers who reckon by the hundreds besides they finde meanes by a suruey to defray any extraordinarie charge of building marriage lawing or such like Yet I cannot denie but that some in gaping for dead mens shooes find their improuident couetous humour punished with going barefoot This angle which so shutteth them in hath wrought many interchangeable matches with eche others stock and giuen beginning to the
Church of Launceston it selfe fetcheth his title of dedication from Mary Magdalen whose image is curiously hewed in a side of the wall and the whole Church fayrely builded The towne was first founded saith M. Hooker by Eadulphus brother to Alpsius Duke of Deuon and Cornwall and by his being girded with a wall argueth in times past to haue caried some valew A newe increase of wealth expresseth it selfe in the Inhabitants late repayred and enlarged buildings They are gouerned by a Maior and his scarlet-robde brethren and reape benefit by their fayres and markets and the County Assizes The Statute of 32. Henry 8. which tooke order touching Sanctuaries endowed this towne with the priuiledge of one but I find it not turned to any vse To the town there is adioynant in site but sequestred in iurisdiction an ancient Castle whose steepe rocky-footed Keepe hath his top enuironed with a treble wal and in regard thereof men say was called Castle terrible The base court compriseth a decayed Chappell a large hall for holding the shire Assizes the Constables dwelling house and the common Gayle About 60 yeeres past there were found certaine leather coynes in the Castle wall whose faire stamp and strong substance till then resisted the assault of time as they would now of couetousnesse A little without the towne were founded a Friery and anno 1128. an Abbey furthered by Reignald Earle of Cornwall About 2. miles distant from Launceston Penheale mannour coasteth the high way claiming the right of anciēt demain sometimes appertaining to the Earles of Huntingdon but purchased not long sithence by the late M. George Greinuile who descended from a yonger brother of that family and through his learning and wisdome aduanced his credit to an especiall good regard in his Countrey He maried Iulian one of the 6. daughters and heires of William Viel and Iane the daughter to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerne Richard his father tooke to wife one of Kelwayes heires and Degory his graund-father one of the inheritors to Tregarthen which helps together with his owne good husbandry haue endowed his sonne with an elder brothers liuelyhood he beareth G. three Restes O. In Lezant parish heereby master Christopher Harris owneth a third part of Trecarell the proiect and onset of a sumptuous building as coheire to the last Gentleman of that name but admitteth no partner in the sweetly tempered mixture of bounty and thrift grauity and pleasantnes kindnesse and stoutnes which grace all his actions Hee beareth Sa. three Croissants within aborder A. Neither may wee forget Master Coringtons house of Newton old to him by succession yet new in respect of his owne antiquitie diuers his auncestors haue reaped the praise and reputation of a stayed carriage howbeit one of them through his rash but merrie prankes is to this day principally remembred by the name of the mad Corington I haue heard him deliuer an obseruation that in eight liniall descents no one borne heire of his house euer succeeded to the land hee beareth A. a Saultier Sa. Trebigh a priuiledged franchise is by his Lord Master William Wray conuerted to a generall welcomer of his friends and neighbours Hee married the daughter of Sir William Courtney his father the coheire of Killigrew Hee beareth Sa. a Fesse betweene three battel-axes A. Poole for his low and moyst seate is not vnaptly named houseth Sir Ionathan Trelawny farre beneath his worth calling he married Sir Henry Killigrews daughter his father the coheire of Reskimer his graundfather Lamellyns Inheritrix Poole standeth in Mynhinet parish where Sir Ionathan hath a large priuiledged Mānour of the same name the Benefice is giuen by Excester Colledge in Oxford none but the fellowes admittable wherethrough it hath sccessiuely beene graced with three well borne well learned and welbeloued Incumbents Doctor Tremayne Master Billet and Master Denis Out of Sir Ionathans house is also descended Master Edward Trelawny a Gentleman qualified with many good parts Their armes are A. a Cheuron S. betweene three Oke-leaues Vert. Sundrie other Gent. rest beholden to this hundred for their dwellings who in an enuiable mediocritie of fortune do happilie possesse themselues and communicate their sufficient means to the seruice of their prince the good of their neighbours and the bettering of their own estate of which sort are M. Becket who beareth S. a Fesse betweene three Boares heads coped sixe Crosses crosselet Fichee O. M. Tregodecke who beareth A. a Cheuron betweene three Buckles S. M. Spurre G. on a Cheuron O. a rose of the first and 2. mullets pearnd S. M. Bligh B. a Griffon legreant O. armed G. betweene 3. Croissants A. M. Lower B. a Cheuron engrayled O. betweene three Roses A. M. Treuisa G. a garb O. M. Chiuerton A. a Castle S. standing on a hill V. Manaton A on a Bend S. three mullets of the field and some others Stratton Hundred STratton Hundred extendeth the breadth of Cornewall to the North as that of East beginneth it on the South and therefore it shall next succeede His circuit is slender but his fruitfulnesse great and the Inhabitants industrie commendable who reape a large benefit from their orchyards and gardens but specially from their Garlick the Countreymans Triacle which they vent not onely into Cornwall but many other shires besides Stratton the onely market towne of this Hundred gaue the same his name and if I mistake not taketh it from Strota a street other memorable matter to report thereof I finde not any Vpon one side of the towne lyeth master Chamonds house and place of Launcels so called for that it was sometimes a Cell appertaining to the Abbot of Hartlond This Gentlemans father late deceased receiued at Gods hands an extraordinarie fauour of long life Hee serued in the office of a Iustice of peace almost 60. yeeres He knew aboue 50. seuerall Iudges of the westerne cercuit He was vncle and great vncle to at least 300. wherein yet his vncle and neighbour master Greynuile parson of Kilkhampton did exceed him He married one of the daughters and heires of Treuenuer and by her saw fiue sonnes and two daughters the yongest out-stepping 40. yeeres Sir Iohn Chamond his father a man learned in the common lawes was knighted at the Sepulchre and by dame Iane widdowe to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice and daughter to Sir Thomas Greynuile had an elder sonne called Thomas whose two daughters and heires by Arscot caried part of the lands to Tripcony and Treuanion with whome they matched Master Chamond beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. flowers de Luce G. In Launcels parish also standeth Norton the house of M. Tristram Arscot a Gēt who by his trauailing abroad in his yonger yeres hath the better enabled himselfe to discharge his calling at home He tooke to wife Eulalia the widdow of the wise and vertuous M. Edmond Tremayne and daughter of Sir Iohn Sentleger whose stately house of Anery in Deuon he purchased