Gasper Count of Marsin George Monk Duke of Albemarle Edward Montague Earl of Sandwich Aubery de Vere Earl of Oxford Charles Steward Duke of Richmond and Lenox Montague Berty Earl of Lindsey Edward Montague Earl of Manchester William Wentworth Earl of Strafford A Roll of the PEERS of the Kingdom of ENGLAND according to their Birth and Creations Dukes of the Blood Royal. JAmes Duke of York and Albany Lord High Admiral of England Rupert Duke of Cumberland These take Places in respect of their Offices Edward Earl of Clarendon Lord Chancellour of England Thomas Earl of Southampton Lord Treasurer of England DUKES Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk William Seymour Duke of Somerset George Villiers Duke of Buckingham Charles Stuart Duke of Richmond George Monk Duke of Albemarle MARQUISSES Iohn Paulet Marquiss of Winchester Edward Somerset Marquiss of Worcester William Cavendish Marquiss of Newcastle Henry Peirrepont Marquiss of Dorchester EARLS These three take places in respect of their Offices Montague Berty Earl of Lindsey Lord High Chamberlain of England Iames Butler Earl of Brecknock Lord Steward of his Majesties Houshold Edward Montague Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold EARLS Aubery de Vere Earl of Oxford Algernoon Piercy Earl of Northumberland Francis Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury Gray Earl of Kent Infra aetat Charles Stanly Earl of Derby Iohn Mannours Earl of Rutland Hastings Earl of Huntingdon Infra aetat Thomas Wriothesly Earl of Southampton Wilâiam Russel Earl of Bedford Philip Herbert Earl of Pembrook and Montgomery Theophilus Clinton Earl of Lincoln Charles Howard Earl of Nottingham Iames Howard Earl of Suffolk Richard Sackvil Earl of Dorset William Cecil Earl of Salisbury Iohn Cecil Earl of Exeter Iohn Egerton Earl of Bridgewater Robert Sidney Earl of Leicester Iames Compton Earl of Northampton Charles Rich Earl of Warwick William Cavendish Earl of Devonshire Basil Fieldiâg Earl of Denbigh George Digby Earl of Bristol Lionel Cranfield Earl of Middlesex Henry Rich Earl of Holland Iohn Hollis Earl of Clare Oliver St. Iohn Earl of Bullingbrook Mildmay Fane Earl of Westmorland Edward Montague Earl of Manchester Thomas Howard Earl of Berk-shire Thomas Wentworth Earl of Cleveland Edward Sheffield Earl of Mulgrave Henry Cary Earl of Monmouth deceased without Issue male Iames Ley Earl of Marlborough Thomas Savage Earl of Rivers Montague Bertue Earl of Lindsey Lord Great Chamberlain of England Nicholas Knollis Earl of Banbury Henry Cary Earl of Dover Henry Mordaât Earl of Peterburgh Henry Gray Earl of Stamford Heneage Finch Earl of Winchelsey Charles Dormer Earl of Carnarvan Montjoy Blunt Earl of Newport Philip Stanhop Earl of Chesterfield Iohn Tufton Earl of Thanet Ierome Weston Earl of Portland William Wentworth Earl of Strafford Robert Spencer Earl of Sunderland Iames Savil Earl of Sussex Charles Goring Earl of Norwich Nicholas Leak Earl of Scarsdale Wilmot Earl of Rochester Infra aetat Henry Iermin Earl of St. Albans Edward Montague Earl of Sandwich Iames Butler Earl of Brecknock Edward Hide Earl of Clarenden Arthur Capel Earl of Essex Thomas Brudenal Earl of Cardigan Arthur Annelsley Earl of Anglesey Iohn Greenvile Earl of Bath Charles Howard Earl of Carlisle The Right Honourable Elizabeth Viscountess of Kynelmeky was by Letters Pattents Iune 14 Created Countess of Guildford for her life in the Twelfth year Caroli Sâcundi VISCOUNTS Leicester Devereux Viscount Hereford Francis Brown Viscount Montague Iames Fiennes Viscount Say and Seal Edward Conway Viscount Conway Baptist Noel Viscount Camden William Howard Viscount Stafford Thomas Bellasis Viscount Faulconberg Iohn Mordant Viscount Mordant BARONS Iohn Nevil Lord Abergavenny lately Deceased Iames Tutchet Lord Audley Charles West Lord De la Ware George Barkley Lord Barkley Thomas Parker Lord Morley and Monteagle Francis Lenard Lord Dacres Conyers Darcy Lord Darcy William Stourton Lord Stourton William Lord Sandys De la Vine Edward Vaux Lord Vaux Thomas Windsor Lord Windsor Thomas Wentworth Lord Wentworth Wingfield Cromwel Lord Cromwell George Eure Lord Eure. Philip Wharton Lord Wharton Francis Willoughby Lord Willoughby of Parham William Paget Lord Paget Dudley North Lord North. William Bruges Lord Chaundos Iohn Cary Lord Hunsdon William Petre Lord Petre. Dutton Gerrard Lord Gerrard Charles Stanhop Lord Stanhop Henry Arundel Lord Arundel of Warder Christopher Roper Lord Tenham Foulk Grevil Lord Brook Edward Montague Lord Montague of Boughton Charles Lord Howard of Charleton William Gray Lord Gray of Wark Iohn Roberts Lord Roberts William Craven Lord Craven Iohn Lovelace Lord Lovelace Iohn Paulet Lord Paulet William Maynard Lord Maynard Thomas Coventry Lord Coventry Edward Lord Howard of Escrick Warwick Mohun Lord Mohun William Botiller Lord Botiller Percy Herbert Lord Powis Edward Herbert Lord Herbert of Cherbury Francis Seamour Lord Seamour Thomas Bruce Lord Bruce Francis Newport Lord Newport of Higharchal Thomas Leigh Lord Leigh of Stone-Leigh Christopher Hatton Lord Hatton Henry Hastings Lord Loughborough Richard Byron Lord Byron Richard Vaughan Lord Vaughan Charles Smith Lord Carrington William Widdrington Lord Widdrington Humble Ward Lord Ward Thomas Lord Culpepper Isaac Astley Lord Astley Richard Boyle Lord Clifford Iohn Lucas Lord Lucas Iohn Bellasis Lord Bellasis Lewis Watson Lord Rockingham Charles Gerrard Lord Gerrard of Brandon Robert Lord Sutton of Lexington Charles Kirkhoven Lord Wotton Marmaduke Langdale Lord Langdale deceased William Crofts Lord Crofts Iohn Berkly Lord Berkly Denzil Hollis Lord Hollis of Ifeild Charles Lord Cornwallis George Booth Lord De la Mere. Horatio Townsend Lord Townsend Anthony Ashley Cooper Lord Ashley Iohn Crew Lord Crew The Lords Spiritual being restored to their Honours and Places in Parliament since the Coronation and to all the precedent Honours we have observed the Order of Time and not of Dignity as they should have been Ranked before the Lords Temporal A. DOctor William Iuxon Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury his Grace Primate and Metropolitan of all England was consecrated Bishop of London 1633. Translated from London to Canterbury 1660. A. Dr. Accepted Frewen Lord Arch-Bishop of York and Metropolitan of England was consecrated Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield 1644. Translated from thence to York 1660. Dr. Gilbert Sheldon Lord-Bishop of London was consecrated October 28 1660. Dr. Iohn Couzens Lord-Bishop of Durham was consecrated December 2 1660. Y. A. Dr. Brian Duppa Lord-Bishop of Winchester this See is now possessed by Dr. Morley Translated thither from the See of Worcester Prelate of the Garter and Lord Almoner he was consecrated Bishop of Chichester 1638. from thence Translated to Sarum 1640. and from thence to Winchester 1660. and since deceased 1662. A. Dr. William Piers Lord-Bishop of Bath and Wells consecrated 1632. A. Dr. Matthew Wren Lord-Bishop of Ely was consecrated Bishop of Hereford 1634. thence Translated to Norwich 1635. from thence to Ely 1638. A. Dr. Robert Skinner Lord-Bishop of Oxon was consecrated Bishop of Bristol 1636. thence Translated to Oxon 1640. A. Dr. William Roberts Lord-Bishop of Bangor and Sub-Almoner was consecrated 1637. A. Dr. Iohn Warner Lord-Bishop of
and private concernment the King not able or unwilling to be enured to by a constant sight of them departed with his flying Army towards Wales again intending for the relief of Chester with this purpose on the 19 of September he came to Ludlow and there understood that General Pointz out of the North was dogging him at the heels being thereto appointed by the Committee of both Kingdoms expecting an advantagious juncture of time and place to fight him which upon the Kings neer advance to Chester offered it self It was fore-thought that his design was there and therefore it was agreed by the besiegers and Poyntz that as soon as the King should approach he should instantly engage and upon signal accorded on they should draw off leaving a convenient force to make good the Leaguer and joyn with him in the fight At Routon-heath within two miles of Chester the King made a halt to give notice to the besieged likewise when Poyntz desperately fell on and being far engaged was presently worsted and beaten the Kings Horse which was all his strength fighting couragiously but while he was Rallying again in the very nick of a compleat Victory to the King which had disowned and forsook him in come his Reserves commanded by Colonel Iones and Louthian with neer 1000 Horse and Foot which gave so much encouragement to Poyntz broken Forces that they returned to another Charge While the King was a musing what to do being beset in Front and Rear in fine he made another brave Charge where though he had the worst yet he made thereby his Retreat good in part though in some disorder and with loss particularly of that thrice-Noble Lord Bernard Stuart Earl of Litchfield the last of the three Illustrious Brothers of the Duke of Richmond late deceased and so got into Chester with the remains of his Army where there was no safety for him to continue but upon advice it was held expedient to depart again for Wales of the fixed affection of which people the King had had constant experience After so many disasters upon the neck of one another yet did not the King despair of his Arms nor with pusillanimity give himself over to the complaints of his hard Fortune Though he had lost Armies in the field and Fortresses and Cities in every Corner of the Kingdome yet was he inexpugnable and invincible in his own mind and in the Loyal affection and constant sincerity of his Friends and good Subjects whose firm adherence till he totally disarmed them himself by his express command and Gods Soveraign assistance and strengthning of him within when there was no help from without was admirable and more admirably improved in his Meditations on this subject FRom small beginnings on my part he let me see that I was not wholly forsaken by my peoples love or his protection My sins sometimes prevailed against the justice of my Cause and those that were with me wanted not matter and occasion for his just chastisement both of them and me Nor were mine enemies less punished by that prosperity which hardned them to contrive that Injustice by open Hostility which was begun by most riotous and Vnparliamentary Tumults I never had any Victory which was without my sorrow because it was on mine own Subjects who like Absalom died many in their sin And I never suffered any defeat which made me despair of Gods mercy and defence When Providence gave me or denyed me vitory my desire was neither to boast of my power nor charge God foolishly whom I beleived at last would make all things work together for my good I wished no greater advantages by the War than to bring my Enemies to moderation and my Friends to peace I was affraid of the temptation of an absolute Conquest and never prayed more for Victory over others than over my self When the first was denyed the second was granted me which God saw best for me For notwithstanding these sad losses so thick together the King by moving up and down recollecting the scatterings of several parties had gotten together a good body of Horse with which on the 10 of October he marched to Texford thence to Welbeck and quartered part of his Army at Blits the 13 day and rendezvoused the 14 at Walsop where to answer the instant request of the Marquess of Montross who was deââated as beforesaid at Philipshaugh for some assistance in Horse he divided his Army and appointed Sir Marmaduke Langdale and the Lord Digdy to march Northwards and with all convenient speed to joyn with the said Marquess This they attempted while the King went for Newark taking such a way as amazed the Parliaments Forces whither they were designed or how they should way-lay them and intercept their passage About Sherburn they wheeled off and beat up a guard intending to rendezvous at Bramton-Brierly the whole number of their Horse amounting to neer 1600. At this Camisade they surprised at Sherborn and Mylford 800 Foot and disabled Colonel Wren's Regiment of Horse All their Arms they endeavoured to have carried off laying them in heaps on the street till they could get Carriages to convey them away While they were providing Colonel Copley and Colonel Lilburn who had attended their Motion fell upon them with the like number of fresh Horse and after a sharp dispute where Copley's Regiment were first defeated the Royalists were forced to give back and so fled Northwards the enemy recovering all their Arms and Prisoners took 400 of them Prisoners among the slain was Sir Francis Carnaby and Sir Richard Hutton with 40 more the Countess of Niddisdale and four or five Colonels twelve Captains and Officers and the best prize of all was the Lord Digby's Coach wherein besides the rich spoil were also the Trophees of other mens shame private Letters of the King 's which were published with those taken at Naseby to the great scandal of all ingenuous and civil people But as the War began with Tumults so it was to be ended with worse indignities those base and Vulgar Prostitutions The Lord Digby was met and routed again at Carlisle-Sands and from thence with 20 men got to the Isle of Man and so to the Marquess of Ormond in Ireland The King was at Newark where a dissention happned concerning this very misfortune as if it had not been calamitous enough it self while the King and the Lord Bellasis then Governour of that Town sided with the reputation of the Lord Digby against the imputation with which the two Princes Rupert and Maurice the Lord Gerrard Sir Richard Willis formerly Governour of the same charged him as disloyal and treacherous For upon tââs difference which was grown to a quarrel the Lord Gerrard and Sir Richard Willis with some hundreds more withdrew themselves in a discontent and laid down their Commissions and the two Princes as they were coming to take their leave of the King in the same mood were treating
and bring in the Fleet under his Command offering him those advantages and so obligingly inviting him to such just ends and purposes that of all the unhappinesses that befel that Nobleman as there were many in his Family and Relations afterwards this his refusal made the greatest breach of his Honour as appeared to him not long after this when he was ignominiously turned out as a dangerous person by his Masters and saw his onely Brother murdered by their Hands In the mean while of Warwick's preparation the Prince that he might not seem to be unactive and to have done nothing worthy his adventure and presence landed 500 men to the Relief of Sandwich Walmer and Deal-Castles besieged as abovesaid At Deal they were first opposed and though they did as much as possible could be expected from men yet were they finally vanquished by the unerring victorious hand of the Army-Forces whereupon instantly ensued the rendition of those Castles and the Prince without any other effect than a perswasive Letter sent to the House of Lords for the obtaining of a Personal Treaty with his Father which soon after ensued set sail for Goree in Holland where he Anchored his Ships Warwick vauntingly following him and demanding the States to thrust them out to Sea according to the laws thereof but the States were civiller and wiser Prince Rupert therefore was constituted Admiral thereof whose Navigation we shall in its place duely observe To prosecute and advantage the same Royal Interest another designe was laid in Surrey where neer Kingston appeared some 500 men under the Command of the Earl of Holland with the Duke of Buckingham the Lord Francis Villiers his Brother the young Earl of Peterburgh the Lord Petre and others but they no sooner rose but Colonel Rich and Major Gibbons were upon the back of them as they Rendâzvouz'd between Ewel and Nonsuch-Park Sir Michael Livesy joyned also with the other Parliament-Forces and presently attaqued these upstarts who had intended for Rygate but were compelled to steer their course for Kingston in the way whither they were all along skirmished for to preserve their few Foot they had placed before they were forced to march slowly In one of those onsets the nobly-spirited Lord Francis being too far engaged by his metalsom courage was taken Prisoner and refusing Rebels quarter was basely killed by a mean and rude hand with whose fall fell the courage of all the other For Holland having gotten the Town gave the Foot opportunity to shift for themselves and posted away with his Horse to St. Neots in Huntington-shire where the next day he and his Party was surprized by Colonel Scroops Regiment of Horse Colonel Dalbeir formerly a great Parliamentarian being slain in the defence of his quarters the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Peterborough escaped into Lincoln-shire and so beyond Sea leaving their Estates to satisfie for their offence and the Earl of Holland was sent Prisoner to Warwick-Castle where he continued till he was removed to his Tryal and his Death To sum up all the disastrous events of this Second War as it was called though the mention and hopeful concerns of Peace should orderly and of right intervâne a Personal Treaty being now Voted of which presently we must look Northwards where on the 13 of Iuly the Scotch Army after tedious debates and struglings with the Kirk and Presbyterian party of that Kingdom entred England bringing with them a Declaration containing these five points 1. That the King be forthwith brought to London to Treat in Person with the two Houses of Parliament 2. That all those who had a hand in or contrived the carrying of the King away from Holdenby be condignly punished 3. That the Army be disbanded 4. That Presbytery be setled 5. That the Members of Parliament who were forcibly secluded from the Houses may be reseated The third first and last being the very sense of the Essex Surrey Kent and London Petitions Of this Army Duke Hamilton lately freed from his Imprisonment by the Kings Commitment at Pendennis-Castle was made General which when the King first understood he sadly and prophetically foretold the fatal Issue of that Expedition reckoning him as an unfortunate if not a self-ended person as his Service in Germany in supply of the King of Sweden and in favour of the Prince Elector Palatine to the Ruine of many brave English Gentlemen did evidently declare Colonel Middleton afterwards Earl of Middleton His Majesties High Commissioner of Scotland was Major-General and the Earl of Calender Lieutenant-General It consisted of 15000 Horse and Foot effective and was increased by an addition of 3000 English under Sir Marmaduke after Lord Langdale and Sir Philip Musgrave antient Families in those parts who had a while before surprized Carlile and Berwick neer the same time that Major Morris surprized Pomfret-Castle which Cromwel afterwards in his Northern march visited and took the Town thereof just upon the time of the Welch Insurrection For the Honour of another brave person we may not omit Colonel Wogan then a Captain in the Parliaments Army who perceiving the wicked designes of his party deserted them and being sent to oppose did joyn with this Scotch Army before their advance into England bringing a gallant Troop along with him He afterwards did the King eminent service in Scotland and Ireland of which hereafter This entire strength wandering by the way of Westmerland and Cumberland which affords a pleasant passage wherewith the Reader may be diverted one Colonel Stuart who was in this Expedition being afterwards set on the Stool of Repentance by the Kirk with others in the same Engagement and being asked gravely and severely by the Minister whether he was not convinced that by his Malignancy he went out of the way suddenly replied Yea for we went a wrong through Westmerland c. when we should have marcht for York and so to London an ominous presage besides the unluckiness of the General of their overthrow none of their Armies thriving that came that Road. Major-General Lambert made the first opposition but was beaten by the English and forced back to Appleby and so to a further retreat Sir Marmaduke taking in some small places of strength by the way until he joyned with Cromwel now come from Wales to whom the chiefty of that service was committed his whole strength amounting to 11000 most of them Horse and Dragoons At Preston in Lancashire both Armies faced one another and some two miles thence on a Moor on the East-side of the Town engaged the brunt of the fight continued but two hours nor had it endured so long but through the valour of the English Royalists on whom the stress lay The Scots Army was so ill ordered that they came not all to the Fight nor could relieve one another so that a general Rout ensued one part flying towards Lancaster who were pursued by Col. Twisleton and
wherein He was so much concerned by the obstinacy of the Princes party who would not yield to any thing without the Cardinals removal which the King and Queen-mother would no way grant at the Command of their Subjects He betook himself to the Duke of Lorrain then at Dampmartin where he was received with all possible demonstrations of Honour by that Army drawn up in Battalia the Irish Officers of three Regiments of that Nation being admitted to kiss his Hand In this encounter at Estampes the Duke of York then on the Kings side did so nobly and valiantly behave himself that the Marshal de Turenne his General gave a very obliging Character of him in his Letters as the onely meriting person in that Service which procured him especial regard and Honour from that Court and all the Grandees of that Nation which they abundantly testified on all occasions In the interim of that Action the King His Brother after some Conference with the Duke of Lorrain had engaged him to a kind of Neutrality which he declared and made evident just as the two Armies of the King and Princes were facing one another to the disappointment of a resolution and desperate Engagement on the Princes âide who were compell'd to retreat to Paris and resume those thoughts of Peace which from their Confidence in Lorrain they had totally abandoned The frantick Parisians were so incensed at this peaceful conclusion that they publikely taxed the King and His Mothers menage thereof with that Duke so that till the advantages thereof should reclaim their mistake the King withdrew himself for some time to St. Germains whence upon the conclusion of the whole affair he returned most infinitely welcome to those so lately-passionate and inconsiderate people Whither a while before the Marchioness of Ormond having left Ireland came to meet the Marquess her Husband and was followed by the Earl of Castlehaven We must back again return to that Kingdom now quite spent with the continued Calamities of a luckless War which after several Surrenders and Capitulations was managed there by flyiââ ãâã and sudden Excursions and Retreats the sum of which was in ãâã On the third of April Roscommon-Castle was yiâlded as likewise ãâã Town to Commissary-General Reynolds by Major Daly and Colonel Connor Teige O. Roe submitted at the same time upon Articles soon after the Earl of Westmeath and Sir William Tungan Sir Francis Talbot and many others to the number of 800 after a Treaty at Kilkenny did the same and the Lord Muskerry was sending the same way but thought his past Actions and his Condition more considerable than to be hudled up in common and ordinary Terms Onely the Lord-Marquess Clanrickard according to the Tenour of his past promise upon his first undertaking the Service and after the sole Command of the Army resolvedly and Loyally waived the proffer of those Kilkenny-Articles which were now tendered as their standing Rule to all the Irish namely upon submission protection and those who ever they were that should be found guilty of the Massacres in the first Rebellion to be questionable for it and to be excluded from any benefit of Conditions and prosecuted the War afresh On the 16 of May with the Connaught-Forces he marched to Ballishannon having drawn with him some Ordnance from Slego and after two days Battery made a breach and Stormed it and after two repulses carried it by main force and gave such Quarter as his Party on the like occasion used to receive next he took Dungal-Castle and there the Vlster-Forces under Sir Phelim O Neal the O. Relies and Mac Mahon's joyned with him but upon notice of Sir Charles Coot's advancing thither after him and of Venable's Brigades to assist him he departed to Armagh intending for Raphoe and in the mean time Lieutenant-General Ludlow marched towards Ross in Kerry to attaque that strength of the Lord Muskerries and Lieutenant-Colonel Throckmorton May the 6 defeated a party of 500 Foot and 400 Horse neer Wexford under Commissary-General Duncan at the same time in Treaty with Ludlow who now likewise had reduced the Lord Muskerry to a necessity of such Terms a party of his Forces being defeated by the Lord Broghil 300 killed and Colonel Supple and other Officers taken Prisoners as he bogled at first his strong Hold of Ross having yielded on the 27 of Iune and his Field-forces laying down their Arms upon Articles for Transportation Iuly 5. And Colonel Grace had a brush from Colonel Henry Ingoldsby and another part of that Army of the Vltoghs under Mac Reli defeated in Gavan by Sir Theophilus Iones on Iune the 14. These Losses and Defeats together with the rendition of Galloway on the 12 day of May and Proclamation of the Commissioners for Outlawing the County of Wicklow and parts adjacent to it out of which those salleys of Tories were frequently made and not pursuable therein by reason of the Fastnesses and Bogs it being the Store-house and Magazine of Victual for the Irish and now miserably harassed with Fire and Sword without mercy by the English the rather for the death of Colonel Cook slain by Nash and his party of Irish though Nash died also upon the same spot some while before made Ireland a Scene of blood and misery and the stubborn Natives and the resolute Loyal English-Irish a mournful consideration to their Friends and a wanting laborious defence to themselves nothing being to be afforded further upon the most considerable Surrender than common protection and Indemnity from the Parliament Ballishannon was again retaken upon quarter for Life and Slego Rendred to Sir Charles Coot Colonel Grace got over the Shanon from Colonel Ingoldsby having lost 2 Colonels 7 Captains and 800 Souldiers killed and taken Iune 20. In May the Commissioners of the Parliament for the settlement of the Nation of Scotland having had conference with the Deputies of some Shires who accepted the Union and refused to Treat with others that came not with a Plenipotence for their acquiescing therein and engagement to it and the Authority of the Parliament and to the fuller effect thereof had caused Proclamation to be made that such Deputies as should acknowledge and accept the said Union should proceed to the Election of 14 Deputies of Shires and 7 for the Burghs by August to attend the Parliament at London in the behalf of the whole Kingdom departed out of Scotland for London to make report of their transaction which had hitherto met with very obstinate averseness to the Parliaments tender of Incorporation the provincial Assemblies of the Kirk every where declaring against it forbidding the people to accept or embrace any such motion Nor did the new English Judges finde better welcome than the Commissioners though three of them were noted men of the Scotch Nation the chief of whom was the Lord Swinton and Colonel Lockhart and though at their opening of the Session or Term they
respective Counties made them infamously known The rest were of his Partisans in the Parliament and High Court of Iustice and for credit-sake some two or three Fanatick-Noblemen excepted always the latent honour of the Renowned Monke Howard and Montague and some Knights and amongst them for honesty sake Sir A. Ashley Cooper though for all those Titles and Generosities it was better known like it self by the Name of Barebone's Parliament whose Christian-Name was Praise God a Leather-seller in Fleetstreet a Brownist or such kinde of Separatist from the Church of England long before the War and now a Member in this Convention into which these Evocati had adopted Cromwel Lambert Harrison Thomlinson and Desborough because forsooth none of the Army would intrude and generally none to be admitted but such of whom this House should be satisfied of their real Godliness and this by a preliminary Vote Iuly 5. These strangers to our Israel but Proselytes of the Good Cause and Iewish in every other respect since they obtained the Name of a Parliament are as well worth a shew as the other a Ballad and these are the Names of the Monster Berks. Samuel Dunch Vincent Goddard Thomas Wood. Bedford Nathaniel Taylor Edward Cater Buckingham George Fleetwood George Baldwin Cambridge Iohn Sadler Thomas French Robert Castle Samuel Warner Chester Robert Duckenfield Henry Berkenhead Four Northern Counties Charles Howard Robert Fenwick Henry Dawson Henry Ogle Cornwal Robert Bennet Francis Langdon Anthony Rous. Iohn Bawden Derby Iervas Bennet Nathaniel Barton Devon George Monke one of the Generals at Sea Iohn Carew Thomas Sanders Christopher Martin Iames Erisey Francis Rous. Richard Sweet Dorset William Sydenham Iohn Bingham Essex Ioachim Matthews Henry Barrington Iohn Brewster Christopher Earl Dudly Templer Gloucester Iohn Crofts William Neast Robert Holmes Southampton Richard Norton Richard Major Iohn Hildesly Hertford Henry Lawrence William Reeve Hereford Wroth Rogers Iohn Herring Huntington Edward Montague Stephen Pheasant Kent Lord Viscount Lisle Thomas Blount Wilâiam Kenrick William Cullen Andrew Broughton Lancaster William West Iohn Sawrey Robert Cunliff Leicester Henry Danvers Edward Smith Iohn Prat. Lincoln Sir William Brownlow Richard Cust. Barnaby Bowtel Humphrey Walcot William Thompson Middlesex Sir William Roberts Augustine Wingfield Arthur Squib Monmouth Philip Iones Northampton Sir Gilbert Pickering Thomas Brook Norfolk Robert Iermy Tobias Freere Ralph Wolmer Henry King William Burton Nottingham Iohn Oddingsels Edward Clud Oxon. Sir Charles Wolsley William Draper Dr. Ionathan Goddard Rutland Edward Horseman Salop. William Bottrel Thomas Baker Stafford George Bellot Iohn Chetwood Suffolk Iacob Caley Francis Brewster Robert Dunkon Iohn Clarke Edward Plumstead Somerset Robert Blake one of the Generals at Sea Iohn Pyne Dennis Hollister Henry Henley Surrey Samuel Highland Lawrence March Sussex Anthony Stapley William Spence Nathaniel Studeley Warwick Iohn St. Nicholas Richard Lucy Wilts Sir Anthony Ashly-Cooper Nicholas Green Thomas Eyre Worcester Richard Salwey Iohn Iames. York George Lord Eure. Walter Strickland Francis Lassels Iohn Anlaby Thomas Dickenson Thomas St. Nicholas Roger Coats Edward Gill. London Robert Titchborn Iohn Ireton Samuel Moyer Iohn Langley Iohn Stone Henry Barton Praise God Barebone Wales Bushy Mansel Iames Philips Iohn Williams Hugh Courtney Richard Price Iohn Brown Scotland Sir Iames Hope Alexander Bredy Iohn Swinton William Lockart Alexander Ieffries Ireland Sir Robert King Col. Iohn Hewson Col. Henry Cromwel Col. Iohn Clark Daniel Hutchison Vincent Gookyn Such an Assembly or Trim Tram was very unlikely to settle the Nation who though they expected all mischief imaginable from them yet could not forbear with the Sun in a Cloud to smile at their ridiculous unhappiness Indeed it was but a Cloud for it soon vanished and disappeared at the storm of Oliver's furious Ambition and therefore there needs not much more to be said of it than Astrologers do of Comets and Eclipses who reckon onely their continuance which was from the 4 of Iuly to the 12 of December in which these angry products were visible First an Act for Marriages by a Justice of Peace having been in debate by the Long Parliament the Banes to be published in the Market three several days and the words of that Sacred Ordinance onely inverted and the fashion changed with an Appendix concerning Church-Registers and a Proviso that no other Marriage should be valid and Lawful whereupon all civil people were forced to be twice joyned though but once Married Next after this Matrimonial Coupling in a wilder humour they fell upon a Consultation of Repudiating the Body of the Law by divorcing it from the People and a new Foundation to be laid and Systems of their own projections to be brought in the place of it and these were to be adequated to the measure and square of a Fifth Monarchy and those Monstrous absurdities Then in order thereunto an Act was hammering for abolishing of Tithes ejecting scandalous Ministers and constituting Commissioners to go the Circuit to enquire and visit the Parishes and most of their Debates were spent hereupon And lastly in preparation to Oliver's designe who yet managed and put them upon those enormous Whimseys to the making them most odious and all Parliameâts with them though under pretence of grievance to many Godly people especially and the whole Nation in general the non-procedure at Law without subscribing the Engagement was taken away also all Fines upon Bills Declarations and Original Writs were taken off and the Chancery very neer a total subversion a Bill being ready to that purpose Those were their devices as to the Law and the Regulation of Government see the rest to the maintenance of it and the carrying on of the Affairs of the Commonwealth as their Secretaries tââmed it First an Act was framed out of an Ordinance of the late preceding Council of State for a Lottery of the Rebels Lands in Ireland in which one Methuselah Turner a Linnen-draper in Cheapside and one Brandriffe a Cloth-drawer were Named Commissioners and had already sate in Grocers-Hall with such other most incompetent Judges of the affair In this Act the Rebellion was declared to be at an end and that the several Adventurers and Souldiers for their Arrears should have ten Counties set out and assigned for their satisfaction and if that should not satisfie the County of Louth should be added to make it up with many other clauses of length and restriction and this was passed as an Introduction to the Grand Grievance of Publick Faith-money undertaken by those shrimps which was able to crush their House full of such as Hercules but it was well applied to cajole the People many of whom had been very forward in supplies of Money to the Irish war and the Souldiers there that were to be made firm to Cromwel's Interest by such obligations of Lands and Estates A new Council of State was now of the same teeming but of a mightier strain Oliver and his Grand Officers and Partisans entirely constituting it not a puny of those
the late Earl of Westmorland Sir William Portman Baronet Sir William Ducy Baronet Sir Thomas Trevor Knight and Baronet Sir Iohn Scudamore Baronet Sir William Gardner Baronet Sir Charles Cornwallis son to Fredârick Lord Cornwallis Sir Iohn Nicholas eldest son to his Majesties principal Secretary Sir Iohn Monson Sir Iohn Bramston Sir Richard Temple Sir Bourchier Wray Sir Iohn Coventry Sir Edward Hungerford Sir Iohn Knevet Sir Philip Botler Sir Adrian Scroop son of Sir Iervas Scroop who received Nineteen Wounds at Edgehill in his Majesties service Sir Richard Knightley Sir Henry Heron Sir Iohn Lewkâor Sir George Brown Sir William Tyringham Sir Francis Godolphin Sir Edward Baynton Sir Grevil Verney Sir Edward Harlow Sir Edward Walpool Sir Francis Popham Sir Edward Wise Sir Christopher Calthorp Sir Richard Edgecomb Sir William Bromley Sir Thomas Bridges Sir Thomas Fanshaw Sir Iohn Denham Sir Nicholas Bacon Sir Iames Altham Sir Thomas Wendy Sir Iohn Manson Sir George Freeman Sir Nicholas Slanning Sir Richard Ingoldsby Sir Iohn Rolle Sir Edward Heath son of Sir Robert Heath late Lord chief Justice of England Sir William Morley Sir Iohn Bennet Sir Hugh Smith Sir Simon Leech Sir Henry Chester Sir Robert Atkins Sir Robert Gayer Sir Richard Powle Sir Hugh Ducy Sir Stephen Hales Sir Ralph Bush Sir Thomas Whitmore In Number sixty eight After their calling over they proceeded in their usual Habits each of them between his two Esquires and a Page following the Heraulds going before them with their Coats not put on but only hanging loose on their Arms to King Hen. 7. Chappel where after the wonted reverence performed they took their seats Prayer being done they returned to the Painted Chamber and the other Rooms adjoyning to repose themselves till the Supper of Two hundred dishes at his Majesties Charge was brought to the Court of Requests where they placed themselves according to their Seniority at the Tables by the Wall-side their Esquires and Pages waiting on them on the other Supper ended the Lord Cornwallis and Sir Charles Berckley the Treasurer and Comptroller of his Majesties Houshold gave them his welcome and then conducted them to the Painted Chamber and the Lords House adjoyning and some other near rooms where their Bathing Vessels and Beds which were Pallets with Canopies were prepared being covered with red Say There after they had Bathed more or less as each of them found convenient they remained all Night and early in the Morning were bade good morrow by his Majesties Musick Then arising and Apparelling themselves in a Cordeliers Habit being a long russet Gown with wide sleeves and a Hood tyed close about the middle with a Cordon of Ash-coloured and Russet silk reaching down almost to the knees and a white Napkin or Handkerchief hanging thereat they proceeded to Hen. 7. Chappel in the same order as the Night before doing the same revââââââ and heard Divine Service and took the usual Oath before the said Lords âommissioners which was read to them by Sir Edward Walker Principal King oâ Arms in these words Right dear Brââher GReat Woâshâp be this Order to every of you You shall Honour God above all things âut shall be stedfast in the Faith of Christ and the same maintain and defend tâ yâur Power You shall love your Soveraign above all earthly things and for yâuâ Soveraigns Right live and dye You shall defend Maidens Widdows and Orphans in their right You shall suffer no Extortion as far as you may nor sit in any place where wrong Iudgment shall be given to your knowledge And of as great Honour be this Order to you as ever it was to any of your Progenitors or others This done they returned in the same order they came to the Painted Chamber and put on the Habit of the Order which was a Mantle and Surcoat of red Taffata lined and edged with white Sarcenet and thereto fastned two long strings of white silk with buttons and tassels of red silk and gold and a pair of white Cloves tyed to them a white Hat and white Feather in this Garb they Dined in the Painted Chamber and thence girded with a Sword the Pummel and cross-Hilt whereof were guilt the Scabbard of white Leather and Belt of the sâme with guilt Spurs carried by their Pages they marched on Horse-back by Seniority to White-Hall with the Heraulds before them from the Old Palace round about the New and so through Kingstreet going round the place where Charing-Cross stood and then to White-hall where they alighted and after they had gone about the first Court they were conducted by the Heraulds to the Banqueting-House where His Majesty sate under a Cloath of State to receive them They were brought up by six and six each between his two Esquires with his Page carrying his Sword before him In their approaches towards his Majesty they made three Obeysances and each Knight being presented by his two Esquires upon their knees to the King the Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold receiving the Knights Swords from the Pages and delivering it to the King He with the Sword of State ready drawn conferred upon them their respective Knight-hoods by laying the Sword upon their shoulders and so put the presented Sword upon the Knights Neck in such sort that it might hang on his left side and then the said Scabbard with the Order hanging at it Which done the Knight made his obeysance of Gratitude to His Majesty and falling back the rest were brought up and Knighted in like manner After this they went down into his Majesties Chappel and there heard Divine Service with the Organ and Anthems and then went up six at a time to the Altar and offered up their Swords where Gilbert Lord Bishop of London Dean of His Majesties Royal Chappel received them and laid them upon the Altar and afterwards restored them with this Admonition By the Oath which you have taken this day I exhort and admonish you to use these Swords to the Glory of God and defence of the Gospel to the maintenance of your Sovereigns Right and Honour and to the upholding of Equity and Iustice to your power So help you God This done they returned from the Chappel where the Kings Master-Cook stood with his Chopping-Knife in his hand challenging their Spurs which were severally redeemed with a Noble in Money As they passed by he said Gentlemen you know what a great Oath you have taken which if you keep it will be great honour to you but if you break it I must back off your Spurs from your heels When they came unto the great Hall the Officers at Arms acquainted them that on Monday following they were to attend his Majesty from the Tower to White-Hall on Horseback in the same Robes wherein they were Knighted and on Tuesday to meet early in the Painted Chamber in their Purple Sattin Habits thence to go before his Majesty to his Coronation at Westminster This Ceremony being over the King to honour this
and departed Then Garter Principal King-at-Arms Proclaimed the King thrice with his Title in Latine French and English and at every time at the end cried Largess and the people shouted God save the King then the Lord Mayor Sir Richard Brown presented a Golden Cup and Cover full of Wine which the King drank off and gave it the Lord Mayor for his Fee By that time the third course was carrying in the King called for Water which the Earl of Pembrook assisted by another Earl brought in a Basin and Ewer and the King having washed withdrew to his Barge but before his departure it fell a Thundering Lightning and Raining as if it imitated the noise and fire of the Cannon which played from the Tower and it was observed that they kept time in this loud Musick so that they were distinctly to be heard the Thunder intermitting as if it staid to receive and answer the reciprocated and ecchoed Boation and clashes of the Guns And in all ancient Augury such signes were taken for the most auspicious however the mad remnant of the Rebellion would have it parallell'd to Saul's inauguration never considering the season nor the different occasion and case between the most ancient Kingly Right and descent in Christendom and that a new Title and Government in Iewry which had before the most special presence of God among them All the Kingdom over great rejoycing was made by Feasting and other Shows as Training the several Bands of the Countries with the additional Voluntary Gentry in a new and gallant Cavalry which shewed the resurrection of their former Loyalty in its immutable state of Peace But to proceed to the disclosing the whole lustre of this our present and most delightful Subject omitting the same Triumphs in Scotland and Ireland in the express resemblances of this Magnificence several Honours being conferred both by the Lord-Commissioner his Grace and the Lords-Justices on that Solemnity we will take a full view of all our personal Dignities at home We proceed then to those Magnificences of the King which are in him Honorante not in Honorato After the miserably vulgarly multitude of those evil Counsellors we had been oppress'd with for so many years who had raised themselves to the mysteries of Government by their publick scandals thereof in its former administration following the impious politicks of Absalom we saw an Assembly of Princes met in his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council whose superlative and eminent endowments assisted by their conspicuous Grandeur restored the form of the Brittish Empire such as Pallas gloried to be in the midst of her Heavenly descent such their Noble Extractions and their excellencies in all prudent menage of the Publick accomplished to Her own AUTHENTICAL INSTITUTION of true policy such Pilots whose happy and skilfull hand could guide the tossed Bark of the Kingdom in the darkest Night and the most frightful Tempests when there was neither Sun Moon nor Stars no face of Authority nor Rule no Directions nor Chart to follow in the unexampled case of our late Distractions and without any other Compass than their Piety to God Duty to their Prince and love to their Country by which they confidently steered through all those Shelves Rocks and Sands which imminently threatned its Shipwrack and Destruction Their sacred Names for perpetual Memory and to the Eternal Fame of this their blessed Conduct understanding that by his Majesties call to this sublime eminent dignity their precedent Services were signated and notified to the World as most Religiously and gratefully is due are here transmitted among the rest of his Majesties felicities to inquisitive Posterity The Names of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council HIs Royal Highness the Duke of York Earl of Clarendon Lord Chancellor of England Earl of Southampton Lord Treasurer Lord Roberts Lord Privy Seal Duke of Albemarle Earl of Lindsey Lord High-Chamberlaiâ of England Duke of Ormond Lord Steward of his Majesties Houshould Marquess of Dorchester Earl of Northumberland Earl of Leicester Earl of Berkshire Earl of Portland Earl of Norwich Earl of St. Albans Earl of Sandwich Earl of Anglesey Earl of Carlisle Viscount Say and Seal Lord Wentworth Lord Seymor Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Lord Hollis Lord Cornwallis Lord Cooper Earl of Lauderdale Lord Berkly Sir George Carteret Sir Charles Compton Secretary Nicholas Secretary Morice To which have been since added Christopher Lord Hatton Rupert Duke of Cumberland the Duke of Buckingham Earl of Middleton a Scotch Lord the Kings Commissioner there From these Glories of the Crown we are next invited to as Illustrious those of Chivalry a medium betwixt War and Peace that there might be nothing that his Majesties Fortunes could not comprehend The most Honourable Order of the Garter Famous for its Martial and Civil Atchievements had been drag'd in the Dirt and trampled under Foot of Plebeian Anarchy and Usurpation when the innocent charm of its Motto Hâni soit qui mal y pense Evil be to him that Evil thinks which had preserved it so many Ages found not veneration nor respect being ridled by that Monster of Rebellion to be a badge and significator of its certain though long-look'd-for Vltion and Avengement in its own dire Retorts and self-punishing Revolutions It is not nor ever will be forgotten how they abased this Royal Ensigne the highest Order of Knighthood in the World when it was derided by the most abject and meanest degree of the People when its True Blue was stained with the Blot of Faintise and imbecility of courage till another Saint George arose to be its Champion Assertor and Restorer of its Renown and Glory Some of these most Honourable Knights survived his Majesties Restitution some he made abroad others he decreed so and they were so de jure having had the Order sent them but the Investiture wanting The rest of these Noble Companions were allied to the Restoration all of them are ranked in the manner as they sate at Windsor April 16. 1662 being St. George his day where after the usual Magnificent Procession His Majesty renewed the usual Solemnities and Grandeurs thereof Himself being there in Person The Fellows and Companions of the most Noble Order of St. GEORGE commonly called the GARTER as they were the 23 of April in the Thirteenth year of King Charles the Second 1661. CHarles the Second King of Great Britain France and Ireland Soveraign of the Order Iames Duke of York the Kings only Brother Charles Lodowick Prince Elector Palatine Frederick William Marquess and Elector of Brandenburgh Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Cumberland Edward Count Palatine of the Rhine William of Nassau Prince of Orange Barnard Duke of Espernon Charles Prince of Tarante William Cecil Earl of Salisbury Thomas Howard Earl of Berk-shire Algernon Piercy Earl of Northumberland Iames Butler Duke of Ormond George Villiers Duke of Buckingham Thomas Wriothesley Earl of Southampton William Cavendish Marquess of Newcastle George Digby Earl of Bristol
to them The King is assisted by the Yorkshire Gentry The Lââdoâârs affect the Parliament The King writes to the Lord Mayor Court of Aldermen they pârsist the King sends out his Commissions of Array And publisheth a General Declaration inviting all his loving Subjects to assist him Promiseth 8 l. per cent and his Lands Parks and Houses for security Proclaims the Legality of his Commissions of Array The Parliament justifie their proceedings Sir Ben. Rudyard and other Members of Parliament earnest for an accommodation Mr. Hambden Mr. Pym and Isaac Penington Lord M. of London as violent for a war The Militia set on foot The ââââiament borââw money oââhe publick Faith The King ãâ¦ã for ãâã peace Several fââtious rumours raised against the Kings friends The London Miniâters and Citizens too violent for the Faction The King at Newark he sends to the Lord Willoughby of Parham to defill from aiding the Rebellion and returns to York The King causeth the Earl of Stamford to be proclaimed Traytor Sir John Lucas proclaimed Traytor by the Parliament and committed James Lord Strange Impeaâhed of High Treason by the Parliament Sir John Byron worsted by the Parliament-Forces and declared Rebel He marcheth to Worcester and takâs it for the King The Marquess of Hertford L. G. of the West for the King The King attempts Hull with ãâã and sâts ãâã Standard at Nottingham The Earl of Lindsey General for the King The Earl of Essex Captain-G for the Parliament The Earl of Bedford G. of their Hârâe Essex departs from London in state The King in Stafford-shire and Leicestershire His Oration to the Gentry Freeholders and Inhabitants Wherein he promiseth to have a tender respect to his Subjects Choosing rather to melt downe his own plate Sell or Morgage his Land than to oppress them The King at Shrewsbury with 6000 fâot 3000 hoââ and ââar 2000 Dragooners He marcheth ãâã oâ Coventry The Londoners ãâ¦ã Câl Ven governs Windsor Castle for the Parliament where Barksted commands ãâã The Parliament ãâ¦ã of the Counties Fortsmouth and Southsea Castle taken for the Parliament by Sir John Merrick Goring goes to France A smart skirmiâh near Worcester Major Douglass kill'd Worcester Garrisoâ'd for the Parliament by the Earl of Essex The King coins his plate into money Edge-hill fight Prince Rupert commands the right Wââg of the Horse The Lord Wilmot Commands the left âing The Earl of Lindsey General for the King The Earl of Essex General for the Parliament Their chief Commanders were Colonel Ramsey Sir William Balfour Sir Philip Stapleton and the Lord Fieldâng Prince Rupert ovârthrows Col. Ramsey Col. Essex kill'd Prince Rupert's mistake Col. Hambden comes to assist Essex Lord Wilmot worsted by Sir Wil. Balfour E. of Lindsey mortally wounded his Son the Lord Willoughby taken prisoner Sir Edmond Verney slain The Kings Standard taken and rescued by Sir John Smith whom the King therefore Knighted Both Armies divide The King retreats Earl of Essex marcheth to Warwick The Victory doubtful on either part Banbury Garrisoned by the King Solemn thanks given on both sides The Parliament reward the Earl of Essex with 5000 l. Slain on both sides neer 6000. On the Kings side the Lord Aubigney Col. Munro c. On the Parliaments the Lord St. John Lieu. Col. Ramsey Earl of Essex marcheth towards Coventry the King by Ayno to Banbury to Oxford and towards London Commissioners from the Parliament tender Propositions only to prevent the Kings intentions and to gain time for Essex to recruit a notable Skirmish at Branford where the King met with the Regiments of Col. Hollis Col. Hambden and the Lord Brooks 300 Parliamentarians slayn among whom Lieu. Col. Quarles as many taken prisoners The King at Oxford Sir William Waller takes Winchester Chichester delivered to the Parliament Marlborough to the King Lord Hopton Arms against the Earl of Stamford his Regiment put to the Sword by Prince Rupert at Cyrencester Glocester summoned Litchfield-Close Garrisoned by the K. Besieged by the Lord Brooke He is killed by a Musket-shot The Close delivered to the Parliament The Regiments of the Lord Wilmot Lord Grandison Lord Digby Sir William Penniman Col. Blague Col. Usher and Col. Grey take Marlborough with the Governour Col. Ramsey Tadcaster besieged by the Earl of New-Castle taken and Garrison'd by the King Lord Fairfax stormeth Leeds The Royalists defeated Belvoir-castle surprized for the King Col. Massey active in Glocester-shire Salisbury plundered by the Faction Yarum fight Sir Gilb. Gerrard puts Hambden to flight Queen landing at Burlington-Key is in imminent danger But escaping is conducted to York and from thence to the King at Edge-Hill Reading besieged by the Earl of Essex The Governour Sir Arthur Aston wounded Col. Fielding yields the Town to the Parliament Marq. of Newcastle defeated at Wakefield by Sir Thomas Fairfax Monmouth and Hereford taken by Sir Wil. Waller for the Parliament Ferdinando Lord Fairfax and his son Tho. Fairfax with others proclaimed Traytors by the Earl of Cumberland and the Earl of Newcastle The two aforesaid Earlâ proclaimed Traytors by the Parliamânt The King mâre prosperous in the West Liskard fight January 19. Sir Ralph Hopton chief Commander for the King at Liskard He orders publike Prayers at the head of each Squadron The Royalists get the day and come to Liskard Salt Ash assaulted by Hopton Litchfield besieged aâd âummonâd iâ the Eaâl of Northampton March 19. Tâe ãâ¦ã by Brereton and Gell Hopton-Heath Fight Tâe Earl of Northampton state âitchfield ãâã to Prince Rupert Grantham taken for the K. by Colonel Cavendish Marlborough for the Parliament Prince âupert at Brimingham A slight skirmish The Earl of Denbigh slain Scarborough delivered by Capt. Brown Bushel for which he was beheaded Fairfax dâfeated at Bramham-Moor The Parliaments Cause endangered the Scots invited to their assistance Queen proclaimed Traytoâ Cheapside-Cross and other Crosses demolished The Regalia seized at Westminster by Mr. H. Martin Covânant taken by the Parliament the Londoners and all within the Parliaments command Essex advanceth from Reading to Tame Prince Rupert falls upon their quarters Chalgrave fight Hambden mortally wounded Id. Littleton âlies with the Great Seal to Oxford a new one voted Sir R. Hopton marcheth into Devon-shire against the E. oâ Samford and Ma. Gââ Chudleigh Stratton fight The Kings party worsted Ma. G. Chudleigh taken by Sir John Berkley and the fortune of the day restored Hopton then created Baron Hopton of Stratton Col. Thomas Essex and Col. Nat. Fiennes Governours of Bristol Yeomans and Bourcher executed Earl of Northampton defeats Coloââl John Fiennes Wardour Castle taken for thâ Parliament and a whâle after retaken by Sir Francis Dorrington Sir William Waller Garrisons Taunton and Bridg-Water for the Parliament Hopton joyns with Prince Maurice aâd Marq. of Hartford Landsdown fight Sir Bevil Greenvil and Sir Nicholas Slanning advance towards Sir William Waller Thây are disordered Maâor Lowre and Sir Bevil Greenvil slain Lord Hopton hurt Divers others slain Lord Hopton
Bishoprick and Deanery but he was of too great a spirit to relinquish either of them as being places conferred on him by Patent from his bountiful Master King Iames and so chose to pay the aforesaid fine which upon a new score was soon after doubled These harsh proceedings against him so exasperated his mind that in the troubles ensuing he openly sided with the Parliament In effect this whole years revolution as to matters of importance was concerned in Episcopacy But this smoak and smother in England concerning Ceremonies broke out into fire in Scotland these petty and particular discontents here being blown up there into a National dislike and abhorrence of them so that this here was but the forerunner of that conflagration there which afterwards laid waste Three Kingdoms And because of the remarkable and strange eruption and effects of it I think fit to give those Scotish Troubles their particular Narrative connext and intire together Which here follows The Troubles and Tumult in Scotland about the Service-Book Book of Canons High-Commission and Episcopacy THe great and long designed Union of the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland had taken its desired effect by the assumption of King Iames the Sixth to this Crown and the National feud between the two people thereof well allayed if not wholly extinguished being both as one body under one supream Head and Governour That King at his departing from that his Native Kingdom had left it in a very flourishing condition as ever it boasted of the State well provided for by wholsom Laws and the management thereof committed to the prudentest and most honourable of the Nobility the Church-Regiment under a godly and a learned Orthodox Episcopacy reverenced and well accepted by the people All things both in Church and State being well ordered supported and maintained by that accession of power and greatness to their Soveraign in this Kingdom that Nation continued in a firm and unvariable quiet till about the middle of the Reign of King Charles the first of blessed memory by whom as also by his Royal Father several endeavours were used for the better strengthning and perpetuating the Union aâoresaid by conforming the Discipline of that Church to the pattern of this Religion being the most sure and indissolvable tie and mutual security In the time of King Iames those memorable Five-Articles were made by the Assembly at Perth whereby the High-Commission the Book of Canons and other Rites and Ceremonies were introduced and established By King Charles the First the Book of Service or Common-Prayer was endeavoured likewise to be brought in it having constantly been used for twenty years before in his Majesties own Royal Chappel in that Kingdom before his Majesties Ministers of State and the Nobility and Gentry attending them And now all things appeared Retro sublapsa referri to precipitate into Confusion and Disorder the period of that peace was come which had so long blest that Kingdom Not that really and singularly that Book was the cause of those Commotions but accidentally ministring the male-contents of that Kingdom an occasion of revolt and disloyalty For the seeds of that Sedition were sown by the Plotters of the Covenant which was afterwards so magnified under the pretence of Religion long before any of the grievances or pretended innovations in Religion complained of by them were ever heard amongst them The true Original of these Tumults was a Revocation made by King Charles the first of such things as had passed away in prejudice of the Crown especially by some of the late Princes in their minorites by this course some of the principal Contrivers of this Covenant found their Estates within the danger of the Laws And though the King to rectifie that proceeding of his had made appear his clemency in waving all the advantages which the Laws afforded him not one of his Subjects being damnified by the said Revocation yet for all this the principal persons laboured a disaffection to the Government laying the envy of procuring that Revocation upon the Prelates who in this were as innocent as the thing it self onely because they hoped that the very name of Church-men or Religious persons should in the point of Faction have that operation with their followers which they conceived the Church or Religion it self might have had if they could have seen how to have perswaded them that by this Revocation either of them had been endangered Other things there were relating to the Ministers themselves the Gentry and their Farmers who paid the Tythes to the Nobility being the burthen of Impropriations This the King thought to remedy by granting out a Commission to a great number of the prime of all estates and degrees to relieve if they should see cause both the Ministers and others who suffered by that grievance This Commission was called The Commission of Superiority and Tythes which effected as to the agrieved its intended effect and for which all possible thanks were rendred to his Majesty Nor were the most of the Nobility unsensible of the advantage by this means to matter of profit but they fretted privately for being robbed of that Lordliness over the Clergy and Laity which by right of Tythe they enjoyed and therefore had recourse to the former fetch of making the Bishops when indeed it was obtained by the importunity of Clergy and Laity the Procurers also of this Commission The last ingredient to this bitter Cup which was prepared in Scotland for the three Nations was matter of Honour and Title For the King going to his Coronation there in 1631. a Parliament being called to honour the same wherein an Act passed that gave his Majesty power to appoint such Vestures for Church-men which he should hold most decent and another for ratifying all Acts heretofore made concerning the established Religion and the liberties and priviledges of the Church his Majesty finding some principal men who were suitors at the same time for the Dignities aforesaid dissenters to the confirmation and allowance of the said Acts did not confer such expected Honours but passed those by and justly advanced more Loyal persons at which they then muttered but mutined not till his Majesties departure Then they with Seditious private Libels taxed this Parliament with prevarication and obliquity in their proceedings as if it had been pack'd and also that the voyces were not truly numbred but that some Acts were past without plurality of Votes This being sifted by the Kings Privy Council there the Author was known who fled but the principal engager the Lord Balmerino was apprehended His Father had been raised by King Iames to his Barony and Fortune but for the most ungrateful of Treasons was condemned by his Peers His Son at his time fell into the same crime and condemnation but both by their Majesties favour and clemency restored to Life Honour Liberty and Estate But all these devices could not serve
English Lords and to perswade them of the honest intentions of the Scotch Nation were therefore for a while committed but soon after set at liberty having in part effected their errand and insinuated a good opinion of their proceedings withal begot an intelligence and correspondence with some of the Peers who before were well inclined to their cause This appeared soon after in the English Councils of War where the first Gallantry and Resolutions of the Principal Commanders were seen to flag and abate and dissolve into more soft and pliable dispositions to peace The English Army being far superiour in Arms men and bravery was encamped near Barwick and the Scots at Dunslo when by mediation of the persons aforesaid a Treaty was begun which ended presently in a short-lived Peace upon several Articles which being not performed on the Scots part are needless here to repeat In the mean time the Parliament of Scotland according to the Kings Proclamation when he also summoned their Assembly met on the appointed 15th of May and was prorogued till the last of August at which time they sate four days and therein formed four demands for the King The Assembly also sate a little before and abolisht Episcopacie the Liturgy and the Book of Canons with the High Commission c. These things coming to the Kings knowledge together with a Pamphlet prevaricating the conditions of the late Treaty their Letters to the King of France for aid their new Provisions for Arms their levying of Taxes of ten marks per Centum and continuing their Officers and Fortifications induced him by his new Commissioner the Earl of Traquair to command the Adjournment of the Parliament until the second of Iune next ensuing upon pain of Treason Against which Command the Covenanters declare and send a Remonstrance to the King by the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon the Chancellour of that Kingdom afterwards who coming without Warrant from the Kings Commissioner Traquair were sent back again Whereupon Traquair a person suspected to have abused his trust comes himself and advising with Hamilton they both propound to the Council the affairs of Scotland being so desperate whether it were not more expedient the King should go himself in person into Scotland than to reduce them by Arms which after many politique considerations was Resolved in the Affirmative That nothing could reclaim them to their duty but force of Arms. This again brought the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon to London with two other Commissioners where before the King again they insisted upon the justification of their innocence and withal desired that the King would ratifie and confirm their proceedings and that their Parliament might proceed to determine of all Articles or Bills brought to them to the establishing of Religion and Peace But instead of an Answer to their requests the King charged them with the aforementioned Libel and their Letters and Intelligence held with the French King which then came to English light and were known by the Characters to be the writing of the Lord Loudon who was thereupon committed for a short time but released upon the mediation of the Marquess Hamilton After his release he and Dumfermling presented their Assemblies and Parliaments Remonstrance to the King and the Commissioner returned also and gave a full account of the state of that Kingdom All three of them being admitted unto the Council together the matter was there managed with so much anger and sharpness that the King and the Scots were more exasperated against one another than before The Prince Elector Palatine the Kings Nephew by the Queen of Bohemia about this time came into England having utterly lost his interest in the Palatinate by the late defeat given him there by Count Hatsfield the Emperours General where Prince Rupert so famous afterwards in our Wars and the Lord Craven were taken he staid not long here but departed again and was taken at Lions by the French having past so far undiscovered he was soon after released and returned into England where by the Parliament he had 8000 l. a year assigned him out of his Uncles the Kings Revenue till after His Murther he departed home upon the Articles of Munster-Treaty by which he was restored to his Dignities and Sovereignty being conveyed hence in 1649. in a man of War to the Brill in Holland This year was signalized also by a famous Sea-fight between the Flemings and the Spaniards in the Downs Don Antonio Ocquendo was Admiral of the Spanish Fleet which consisted of seventy Sail of great Ships and Gallions on which were put aboard as the report went twenty five thousand men designed for the service of the Spaniard against the Dutch of the one side and the French on the other and were ordered to be landed at Dunkirk with money for the paying of his Armies then afoot On the 17th of September they were met by the Vice-Admiral of the Holland-Fleet who engaging them in the Chanel was worsted but getting to windward kept near them continuing firing to give Van Trump then before Dunkirk notice of their approach Betwixt Dover and Calice the two Dutch Fleets joyn and attaque the Spaniard the English Fleet under the Command of Sir Iohn Pennington looking on the while who being sore bruised was forced to the English Coast where the Spanish Ambassadour desired they might be protected for two Tides by the Kings Ships but that could not be allowed for the Kings Neutrality between both Whereupon in the night some part with the most of the Treasure and fourteen Ships got safe to Dunkirk the rest Van Trump being recruited with an hundred Ships in an instant almost of time set upon and dispersed sinking and taking and stranding very many so that few escaped home This was the second luckless Armado of the Spaniard on which the malecontents of this and the Kingdom of Scotland grounded many false and scandalous surmises against the King To return again to Scotland where I may not omit one fatal passage On the 19th day of November being the Anniversary of his Majesties Birth part of the Walls of the strong Castle of Edenburgh fell down which was likewise interpreted for an ill Omen such another though more unhappily and nearly significant was that of the fall of the head of his staff at his Tryal before the pretended High Court of Justice For the repairing of these ruines the King sent the Lord Estrich Col. Ruthen and others who were resisted by the Covenanters as men not qualified for the service No hopes for these and other reasons being conceivable of treating and perswading the Scots to obedience a Resolution was taken vigorously to prosecute the War commenced the year before to which purpose it was debated at a Cabinet-Council where none were present but the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Earl of Strafford and Hamilton and there agreed that a Parliament
likewise made and Expresses sent to the King then in Scotland to the Lord Lieutenant the Earl of Leicester and both Houses of Parliament at Westminster who readily voted a potent relief but by their debates and quarrels with the King on purpose retarded it till all was near lost in that Kingdom the envy whereof they loaded upon his Majesty than whom no Prince could ever be more affected with the sadness of such a calamity I may not omit that Owen O Conally who was sent with the express to the Parliament was rewarded by them according to the desire of the Council of Ireland with 200 l. in money and 200 l. a year pension till lands of inheritance could be setled on him The Earl of Ormond was now marched to Dublin with the title of Lieutenant-General and a Troop of 100 Curâasiers compleatly armed Sir Thomas Lucas and Captain Armstrong old Souldiers and Captain Yarner arrived out of England as did Col. Crawford for whom a Regiment was raised as Troops for the other 600 Foot had been also provided under the conduct of Major Roper to march as Recruits to Tredagh at the instance of the Governour and accordingly on the 27th of November they begun this short Expedition accompanied with 50 Horse of the Earl of Ormonds under Sir Patrick Weems but by ill conduct and loytering in the way and the unexpertness of those raw foot-Souldiers they were of a sudden in a mist attaqued by a body of the Rebels near Iulian Town-bridg and there being deserted by the horse most shamefully routed three of the Captains with all the English except 100 that escaped with Major Roper to Drogheda being cut off The news whereof arrived to the Governour just as he was returned from the place of his disappointed meeting with them the day before by reason of their delayed advance Proud with this success as with the taking of Mellefont-house the Mansion of the Lord Moor which had been stoutly defended they made sure of Tredagh and drew their âorces about it whereas had they marched for Dublin where they had too many friends and whence Sir Charles Coot was marched into the County of Wicklow to repress the insolencies of the Birns and Tools towards the poor English from whom they had taken Carews fort and possessed themselves of the chief Gentlemens houses they might have carried both places At Wicklow Sir Charles executed some murderous Irish but being caââed to Dublin he was encountred by Luke Tool and 1000 Irish whom he quickly made run into a Bog with some loss and came safe home Now the Lords and Gentry of the English Pale plainly discovered themselves and as is touched before assisted in the siege of Tredagh and thereby Lemster and Vlster became United in this Rebellion in which Munster was not engaged till December At this time also they emitted their Declaration wherein they decâared for the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion their Rights and Priviledges and the Kings Prerogative and justified their taking arms to those purposes by the example of the Scots who had obtained their demands thereby And next they presume to face Dublin theatning to encamp at Clantarfe very near the Harbour thereof which they intended to stop from receiving any succours but at the approach of Sir Charles Coot they fled thence and the Town was pillaged and some part burnt for that they had robbed a Barge and some of the goods were found in Mr. Kings house who with Luke Nettervil and others had now encamped themselves again at Swords within six miles of Dublin with 20000 men and had possessed the Castle of Artain and other places within two miles thereof At Castle-Lyons and Rath there lay 2000 more who came out of Caterlagh Kings County and Kildare under Roger Moor. This was on the East-side on the South-side lay the Birnes and the Tools who had lodged themselves in Castles near the Sea-side and some Villages at the foot of the Mountains so that their Forces now in Lemster amounted to 20000 men About this time the Naas and Kildare were taken as were Trim and Ashbey in the County of Meath by the Rebels and no better news was to be hoped for or expected besides now the market of Dublin could not be supplied the enemy every where so encompassed it Tredagh nevertheless held out gallantly till the arrival of Sir Simon Harcourt with his Regiment out of England and some supplies of money and more men and arms were daily expected which deceiving the opinion of the Rebels so disheartned them after many fruitless attemps made upon that Town that they broke up their siege and marched Northwards but in their way Sir Henry Titchburn sallied out and overtook them and gave them a defeat and pursuing his success recovered Dundalk again by storm while Sir Phelim O Neal hardly escaped over the River and fled back to Vlster where Major-General Sir George Monro who commanded the Scotch forces whose Plantations fared no better than the English when the Irish had once mastered ours lent the Parliament by agreement at Edinburgh in revenge of those spoils and massacres committed made the same bloody havock and waste and in the beginning of the next year took in and recovered sundry Towns and Castles particularly the Newry which with the like successes of Sir Simon Harcourt and Sir Charles Coot in Lemster had almost flag'd the hearts of the Irish and made them willing to a Cessation Leave we that Kingdom in a forlorn miserable bleeding condition and cast an eye homeward The King soon after his return to rest and vacate himself a little from the toil and burden of business retired to Hampton-Court whence notwithstanding the importunity of his affairs straight recalled him to his Court at White-Hall where he was sundry times tumulted by a numerous rabble out of London crying out No Bishops with other affronting language to the King himself as they passed by the Court-Gates to Westminster where Col. Lunsford then nominated to be Lieutenant of the Tower but not confided in by the Citizens no more than others appointed to that charge till Sir William Balfour had possession thereof and some other Gentlemen drew upon them and wounded some of them which so exasperated them that the next time they came down armed and in greater numbers to the terror and affrightment of the parts adjacent to the Court an ill omen or presage of those dire revolutions which followed The beginning of these uproars were like themselves at first tumultuary and consisted of the rabble onely but the kind reception they found from some Parliament-Members who tacitely encouraged their rude clamours and smiled upon their numbers moved Citizens of the best quality to joyn with those Club-men and now they began to marshal their multitudes into rank and File the eminent zealots some of them Aldermens fellows being right-hand-men or else placing themselves in the intervals like Officers and upon their return
by night which was the usual course carried Links in their hands like right boutefeus to light their Complices and Partakers in this monstrous Riot So that the danger appearing in a method and form the dire prognostick of Battalia and flighting the opposition of a Corps du Guard erected over against Scotland-yard which was maintained by the Trained Bands of St. Clements and St. Martins the Gentlemen of the honourable Society of Grayes-Inne under the leading of Sir William Mason in good order ranked two and two marched from their randezvouz at Covent-Garden to White-Hall and proffered their Loyal Service to the King as a Guard to his person against those formidable tumults They were received by the King with all respect and acknowledgements of this seasonable tender which manifested that Law Reason and Civility were disengaged from the Rebellion but the Kings sudden remove dispensed with their Duty The King sensible from what quiver this Arrow came and not longer able to endure these indignities which he had so often moved the two Houses though in vain to prevent or punish resolved to seize on those Grandees who principally abetted those tumults and also had had a deep hand in the Scotch troubles having intercepted Letters of correspondence between them and the Covenanters the untoward Issue and Event whereof as whereby his English Subjects had presumed to obtain by tumults the same demands lay yet heavy on his heart and boded the fame conclusions Taking therefore with him a Guard of his own domestick Servants and some Gentlemen casually then in the Court late in one of the Christmas-nights he came to the door of the House of Commons and entred and demanded five members thereof as also one of the House of Peers the Lord Kimbolton viz. Mr. Pyns Mr. Hambden Mr. Holles Mr. Stroâd and Sir Arthur Haslerig but they having notice of the Kings coming to this purpose by one Langrish a Servant of the Queens had time and but just enough to withdraw themselves into Westminster-Hall where they lay hid in the Kings-bench-Court until the business of that night was over and then betook themselves into London to the Guild-Hall whereto the House not long after adjourned it self in a grand Committee for their safeguard and security This attempt of the King the House presently voted a breach of priviledge and ran so high as to complain of evil Councellours about the King demanding the persons of those who gave that advice to the King Nay so highly did they insist upon and urge this violation of their freedom that all the King could do gave them no satisfaction though he endeavoured to excuse it so that it continued their plea throughout the War But how it was retaliated upon them both by themselves and Oliver in the several Exclusions and Forces afterwards put upon that House needs no particular indigitation Having therefore got this claw against the King they resolve to revenge themselves on the Bishops some of whom they suspected to be the chief instruments in that business Particularly to gratifie the City whom they had wholly devoted at their service who might see the Parliaments readiness to comply with their clamours against that Venerable Order Twelve of these the Commons accused to the Lords as guilty of High Treason whereof ten were committed to the Tower and two to the Black Rod. At the same time also the Irish were proclaimed Rebels thirty Proclamations hereof being onely Printed for some reasons of State the King reserved to himself then though afterwards when the Parliament among other things taxed him with this he gave them a full and satisfactory answer as not willing to make the Irish desperate and utterly undo his Protestant Subjects who were as then far too weak to withstand so potent a Rebellion which the King was willing so far to comply with the Parliament as to declare it so For the number of them he said it was the request of the said Lords Justices of Ireland there should be but twenty as many of themselves well knew Like wise to satisfie the Parliament about that business of the five members he now declared his charge against them which consisted of several things relating to intelligence held with the Scots while declared Traytors That they trayterously endeavoured by many foul Aspersions upon his Majesty and Government to alienate the affections of the people and to make his Majesty odious to them That they trayterously endeavoured to subvert the fundamental Laws and Government of this Kingdom and to deprive the King of his Regal and to place on Subjects an arbitrary and illegal power That they endeavoured to draw his Majesties late Army in the North to disobedience to his Majesties command That they invited the Scots to invade England That they trayterously endeavoured the subversion of the rights and very being of Parliament That for the compleating of their trayterous designes they have endeavoured as far as in them lay by force and terrour to compel the Parliament to joyn with them in their trayterous designes and to that end countenanced and raised the tumults against the King and Parliament That they had trayterously conspired to levy and had actually levyed war against the King This was as I said before declared by the King but in hopes and order to accommodation this course being thought a good expedient thereto was laid aside and not prosecuted But the Parliament left it not so imprisoning for a while the Kings Atturney Sir Edward Herbert demanding those evil Councellours that gave this advice against the five Members to punishment Herewith the Tumults so increased about White-Hall and Westminster that the King Queen Prince and Duke of York were forced for security of their persons to retire to Hampton-Court being necessitated to take sufficient forces of his Courtiers for his guard About this time there was a false rumour raised by the Lord Digbies passing through Kingston neer London of a plot to raise Horse against the Parliament whereupon Col. Lunsford then with him was committed to Prison and this story improved into a calumny against the King The Scots now interposed themselves betwixt the King and Parliament though siding clearly with the Parliament having by Treaty agreed with them to send over 2500 men into the North of Ireland upon the English pay Through their thus taking of their parts the Parliament flew high now in their demands requiring the disposal of the Command of the Tower and the management of the Militia which being refused they desisted not but on the 26 of Ianuary Petitioned the King for them both to which the King by several reasons answered in the nagative Now again they insisted upon it as also upon the business of the five Members still to exasperate the people who cryed out against Popish Lords and Bishops sitting in Parliament to which the King answered as before and declared his readiness to pass an Act of general
Sea-marks set up much riding posting with packquets whispering and tales telling The Earl of Northumberland Admiral of England is commanded with all speed to rigg the Kings ships and equip them forth-with for the Sea And because of his indisposition that charge is conferred on the Earl of Warwick against whom the King took great exception one very affectionate to the Cause which then first began to be in every mans mouth The Declaration aforesaid was carried to Royston whither the King was removed from Theobalds by the Earls of Pembrook and Holland who delivered him the substance of it to which he returned in a most polite Declaration also and verbally told the Lords that for the Militia he would not trust his wife and children with it for an hour that it was never asked of any King That to their Fears and jealousies he would take time to satisfie all the world hoping that God would in his good time discover the bottoms and secrets of all plots and treasons and set him upright with his people The substance of his Declaration was this That he had little encouragement to Replyes of this nature when he is told of how little value his words are with them though accompanied with Love and Iustice That his honour ought not to be wounded under the common stile and imputation of evil Councellours That he had formerly declared his faithful affection to the Protestant Profession his whole life answerable in practice which should rather be acknowledged by them than any designe of his framed and declared to alter it in this Kingdom calling God to be witness and wishing that the judgement of Heaven may be manifested on those that have or had any such designe Concerning his sense of his good Subjects in Ireland what had he not done in his Messages to both Houses offering his own person ready to venture for their preservation and redemption being to give God an account of his interest in them Denyes any designe of forcing the Parliament by his Army and other particulars of the Petition of passes granted Col. Leg my Lord Jermins Pass as likewise the Lord Digbies And as for advertisements from Rome Venice Paris the Popes Nuncio the Kings of France and Spain He is confident âo sober man in the Kingdom will believe that he is so desperate or senceless to entertain such designes to bring the Kingdom to destruction and bury his name and posterity in perpetual infamy He adds in conclusion could there yet want evidence on his part to joyn with his Parliament Look back upon their own Remonstrance in November last of the State of the Kingdom which valued his Acts of Grace and Iustice at so high a rate that it declared the Kingdom a gainer though it should charge it self by Subsidies and Pole-money six millions of pounds besides the Contracting the Sents demands of two hundred and twenty thousand pounds Nay more he hath passed those Bills for the triennial Parliament for relinquishing his Title to impose upon Merchants goods and his power of pressing of Souldiers for suppressing the Court of Star Chamber High-Commission regulating the Council-Table Are these but words The Bills for the Forrests the Stannery Courts the Clerk of the Markets the taking away the Vote of the Bishops nothing but words what greater earnest can be given than the Bill for the continuance of the Parliament The length of which he wishes may never alter the nature of Parliaments And for a perfect reconciliation with his people he offers a free pardon Nor doth he repent of his favours done them but will meet them in an honourable way to add more with the greatest readiness and kindness for the peace Honour and Prosperity of the Nation This seemed satisfactory to the unprejudiced and sober but prevailed not at all with the factious and giddy multitude and less with their Chiefs and Abetters who now emit the Ordinance for the defence of the Kingdom which is resolved to be no whit prejudicial to the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy and next that the Kings Commissioners of Lieutenancy over the respective Counties are illegal and void That their Ordinance for the Militia is to be obeyed as the fundamental law of this Kingdom and prepare another Declaration to that purpose As the King removed North-ward his mind went South-ward though the Showers gathered there which soon after came down in a storm But it is a question whether if the King had returned his influence had not dispelled and dissipated them which thickned presently together and resisted that light which Majesty dispenced in many after-gratious offers and condescentions till the setting of it after a big and fatal revolution Therefore he sends another Message to them from thence that he means to take up his residence at York conjures them to dispatch the business of Ireland and if calamities increase upon his Protestant Subjects there he shall wash his hands before all the World from any imputation upon him He saith that as he hath been forward to retract any thing intrenching upon them so he expects an equal tenderness in them towards him in any unquestionable and fundamental priviledge That his Subjects be not obliged to obey any Act Order or Injunction to which his Majesty hath not given his consent And therefore requires that they presume not upon pretence of any Order or Ordinance to which his Majesty is not a party of the Militia or any other thing to do or execute against the laws he being to keep the laws himself and his Subjects to obey them To this all the reply they made was That to have their Vote questioned or contradicted is a high breath of priviledge of Parliament and a Committee was by them appointed to examine where and by whom this Message was counselled and as the total of all this absurdity they justifie their last Declaration in every particular The King knowing what the Parliament drove at chiefly to render him suspect of favouring Papists being at Stamford published a Proclamation for putting the Laws in due execution against Papists this somewhat abated the charge which his enemies laboured to fix on him for this particular though they wrested this also giving out that it was a time-serving policy and that nothing less was intended What the two Houses did ambiguously supplicate the York-shire Gentry did cordially beg of the King desiring by such expedients as his Majesties own judgment should dictate a right understanding betwixt him and his Parliament to whom they would likewise address themselves The King returned a gratious answer with thanks tells them that he is not mistaken in the confidence of their affections nor will he ever deceive their expectations from him But as to the prayer of the Petition the alone way of a good understanding was for the Parliament to consider of his Message of the 20th of Ianuary that the Militia be setled by Act of Parliament explained in his
eight Coach-horses to General Essex and in order to Sir Iohns Tryal he is proclaimed Traytor sent to London and committed prisoner to the Gate-house Iames Lord Strange Son and Heir of William Earl of Derby was likewise by the Parliament impeached of High Treason for that he upon the 15th of Iuly last did at Manchester in the County of Lancaster summon and raise Forces for the service of the King They further charging him with being the death of Richard Percival a Linnen-webster and cause their said Charges to be published in the Churches of Lancaster and Chester Sir Iohn Byron raiseth some Troops in the County of Oxford for the King and being suddenly surprized by the Parliamentarians sustaineth some loss and by them he and his Associates are declared Rebels He then marcheth to Worcester which Town he seizeth for the King At York the King made the Marquess of Hertford Leiutenant-General of the Western Counties intending forthwith himself to set upon Hull whose stores he had designed once to have made a Magazine for Ireland to reduce those Rebels which he had often declared to the two Houses but they would by no means consent to it but upon deliberate advice he past by it onely making one attempt neer it to shew his just indignation and to satisfie his Honor where he lost unhappily some twenty men and marched directly into Nottinghamshire About the beginning of August he came to Nottingham-Town and on the tenth of the same month published his Royal Proclamation commanding and enjoyning all his Subjects to the Northward of Trent and twenty miles Southward to Rendezvous at Nottingham the 23 of that instant where he according to the purport of his Proclamation set up his Standard and where appeared five or six thousand men After a view and Muster of these Royal Volunteers the King proceeded to the nomination of a General who was the Right honorable the Earl of Lindsey General formerly for the Rochel-Expedition and the Parliament made Robert Earl of Essex their Captain-General the Earl of Bedford General of the Horse Essex about this time departed from London in great state and magnificence The King leaves Nottinghamshire and marched into Staffordshire thence into Leicestershire carâssing the Gentry all the way he went so into the Confines of Wales and sat down at last in Shrewsbury where after he had a while rested the Gentry Freeholders and Inhabitants of that County with other additions out of Wales being assembâed he made this Oration which for its excellency and because it contains the truth of the quarrel is here inserted GENTLEMEN IT is some benefit to me from the insolency and misfortunes which have driven me about that they have brought me to so good a part of my Kingdom and to so faithful a part of my people I hope neither you nor I shall repent in coming hither I will do my part that you may not and of you I was confident before I came The residence of an Array is not usually pleasant to any place and mine may carry more fear with it since it may be thought being robbed and spoiled of all mine own and such terrour used to fright and keep all men from supplying of me I must onely live upon the aid and relief of my people but be not afraid I would to God my poor Subjects suffered no more by the insolence and violence of that Army raised against me though they have made themselves wanton even with plenty than you shall do by mine and yet I fear I cannot prevent all disorders I will do my best And this I promise you no man shall be a looser by me if I can help it I have sent hither for a Mint I will melt down all my own plate and expose all my Land to sale or morgage that if it be possible I may not bring the least pressure upon you in the mean time I have summoned you hither to do that for me and your selves for the maintenance of your Religion and the Law of the Land by which you enjoy all that you have which other men do against us Do not suffer so good a Cause to be lost for want of supplying me with that which will be taken from you by those who pursue me with this violence And whilst these ill men Sacrifice their Mony Plate and utmost industry to destroy the Common-wealth be you no less liberal to preserve it Assure your selves if it please God to bless me with success I shall remember the assistance that every particular man here gives me to his advantage However it will hereafter how furiously soever the minds of men are now possest be honour and comfort to you that with some charge and trouble to your selves you did your part to support the King and preserve the Kingdom With those expressions to which his actions agreed he so won the affectioâs of that County and the adjacent that before the middle of October which was about three weeks after his first coming to Shrewsbury with a small party rather than any force or Army he was grown to a compleat strength consisting of about 6000 foot 3000 brave horse and almost 2000 Dragooners From thence having issued out Warrants for Horses and Caâts in order to his removal he marched along within view of Coventry but made no essay or attempt upon it not intending to lose any time in sitting down before it unless the Town had been freely surrendred to him From thence he came to Southam not many miles distant from their Lord General This March of his struck some terror into the City of London it self though all their Army was then in a readiness and attending the King therefore the Trained Bands were speedily raised for a guard of the City and fortifications such as the time would allow were ordered to be forthwith made round it acâording to which Order many hundreds of men were set on work who were soon alter seconded by the several Companies and Parishes in London and the Suburbs as also by the Wives and Maids who followed a Drum in rank and file with a Rampier-basket between two of them until a regular Line and Circumvaâlation taking up twelve miles in circuit was quite finished Windsor-Castle was at this time garrisoned by the Parliament Col. Ven being sent down with twelve Companies of foot in one whereof Barkstead the Regicide commanded it being his first military employment as Governour Divers Citizens suspected for their affection and loyalty to the King were also at this time secured And the association of the several Counties first projected and begun and mony and plate raised for the Parliament in so great danger did the Cock-sure Grandees of the Faction then see and find themselves Indeed the Kings design was London which at the approach of such an Army would put his friends in a capacity to appear for him and
the Army But the main was that they durst not offer to set upon or impede the King in his March the next morning but go away far enough from him to Coventry and thereby lost Banbury wherein was a well-appointed Garrison to the King which was a remarkable Trophee of his Conquest However both parties gave God solemn thanks on days set apart for their success and victory the Parliament adding other to their General for his valour and good conduct in that business and presented him with 5000 l. for a reward of his service On both sides were slayn here neer 6000 men as by the Country it was judged who had the burial of the dead On the Kings party were slayn of note the right Noble and valiant the Lord Aubigney who died of his wounds at Abingdon and was buried in Christ-Church Oxford Father to the most illustrious Charles Duke of Richmond the Earl of Lindsey Sir Edmond Varney as before and Colonel Monro a Scotch-man On the Parliaments side the Lord St. Iohn of Bletso who dyed also of his wounds Colonel Essex and Lieutenant-Colonel Ramsey all men of singular courage and resolution The Earl of Essex next day marched towards Coventry and the King by Ayno where his Army refreshed themselves to Banbury which was presently delivered to him and so to Oxford The King marching from Oxford was by the way to London met by Commissioners from the Parliament tendring Propositions and desiring that during the Treaty the Kings Army should march no neerer this way to spin time while Essex could recruit his Army Wherefore the King advancing from Colebrook came to Brainford where part of the Parliaments Army being the Regiments of Colonel Hollis Hambden and the Lord Brooks for a while maintained their ground stoutly but being over-powred some were driven into the River and there drowned and three hundred slayn among whom was Lieutenant-Colonel Quarles and as many taken prisoners This brought a general consternation upon the City of London all shops were shut up and all the Regiments both Trained Bands and Auxiliaries were drawn out So that the Earl of Essex had a most compleat and numerous Army of a sudden Hereupon the King presently marched away fearing to be encompassed by the Parliamentarians over Kingston-bridge which he broke down to stop the pursuit Essex made after him to Reading and so to Oxford where he took up his Winter-quarters The Cities of Winchester and Chichester delivered to the Parliament Marlborough to the King and the Lord Hopton armed against the Earl of Stamford several Towns taken for the King in the West others for the Parliament in the North. Cyrencester had been Garrisoned by the Parliament-Forces of Glocester being the mid way betwixt that City and Oxford Upon this place Prince Rupert had a designe though his march that way was given out for the regaining of Shudly Castle out of which Colonel Massey had smothered the Royallists with wet hay for afteâ he had passed some ten miles beyond Cyrencester he suddenly returned back and surprized the Guards within two hours time became Master of the place putting the Earl of Stamfords Regiment to the Sword who made a stout opposition taking 1100 prisoners and 8000 arms and other provisions for War it being newly made a Magazine From thence the Prince came before Glocester summoned the Town and departed The Lord Brook and the Earl of Northampton were in Arms against each other in the Counties of Warwick and Stafford where several small skirmishes had been between them At last in March the Lord Brook came and besieged Litchfield Close Garrisoned by the King and as he was viewing the approaches to it out of a Window in the Tower a single Bullet from the Close shot him in the head through the eye of which he fell down dead nevertheless the siege was continued and the Close delivered to the Parliamentarians His death happened by the shot aforesaid on St. Chads day in whose memory the Minster from whence he was killed is called by the name of St. Chad he being the first Bishop of that See The Kings Forces under the command of Lieutenant-General the Lord Wilmot assisted with his own Regiment of Horse that of the Lords Grandisons and Digbies with Sir William Pennimans and Colonel Blagues Regiment of Foot and Colonel Vshers and Colonel Greys of Dragons took the Town of Marlborough defended by Colonel Ramsey a Scot and about five hundred Foot the said Ramsey and divers of the chief Rebels brought prisoners to Oxford all their Arms taken and four Colours and the Town Garisoned for the King This day paid success to the King also in the North where the Earl of New-Castle besieged Tadcaster a place well fortified and better manned the strength of the Parliament-Forces being summed up in this Town and Hull Several Assaults were made most part of that day and evening wherein several were killed among whom was Captain Lifter This resolution so discouraged the defendants that they Slipt away in the night to Cawood and Selby leaving the Town in a very tenable condition for his Majesties service Leeds stormed by the Lord Fairfax and a defeat given to the Royalists thereabouts and Belvoir-Castle belonging to the Earl of Rutland surprized for the King while neer the same time Colonel Massey played feats in Glocester-shire and Salisbury plundered by another party of the Parliaments Yarum-fight also betwixt Colonel Goring and General King against some Forces of the Parliament as Colonel Goring was conveying the Arms and Ammunition he brought over with him from Holland who had the Victory About this time happened a Skirmish betwixt Colonel Hambden and Sir Gilbert Gerrard at the Brill of which Sir Gilbert was Governour wherein about a hundred were killed and wounded of the Parliaments side the rest fled The Queen having taken Shipping at Scheveling neer the Hague in Holland on the 22 being met by the Earl of Newcastle the Marquess of Montrosâ and the Lord Ogilby she landed at Burlington-Bay where on the 24 came four Ships of the Parliaments who making several shots of cross-Bars against the house she was forced to rise out of her Bed and to get under a Hill to save her life and then was honourably conducted through Maltou and Norburton to York and from thence not long after to his Majesties great content who most entirely loved her as she him met the King at Edge-Hill After General Essex had recruited his Army with new supplies the first thing he attempted was the siege of Reading which being manfully defended by Sir Arthur Aston till he received a wound on his head by the falling of a Brick-bat and the relief brought by the King himself from Oxford being worsted at Caversham-bridge after ten days siege was yielded by Colonel Fielding then substituted Governour to the Parliament In the North things went something equaller then before on the Parliaments side Sir Thomas Fairfax had defeated the
throughout England particularly the third of this moneth Cheapside-Cross was demolished And for the better carrying on of the work of Reformation Mr. Henry Martin a Member of Parliament enters violently into the Abby-Church at Westminster defaces the Ornaments of the Church and breaking open two doors makes his way to a private place where the Crowns Scepters and other Utensils of State used by Kings on their day of Coronation were but Mr. Wheeler perswaded him to be more moderate he only secured them by sealing up the Doors After this beginning of Reformation the Parliament took the Solemn League and Covenant at Westminster It was first framed in Scotland and was generally taken by them in the Year 1639. The main drift of it was against the Episcopal Dignity and was now for the mutual indearment of the two Nations assurance being promised the Parliament from Scotland pressed upon all in England where the Parliaments power was Paramount being taken throughout London the fifth of this moneth The Earl of Essex advanceth from Reading to Tame where a general sickness seized upon the Army during their quartering there about Prince Rupert fell into part of their quarters but the Essexians taking the Alarm and drawing out the business came to a Fight in Chalgrave field where Colonel Hambden that great stickler against Shipmoney was mortally wounded It was observable that in this place the said Colonel Hambden first Listed and Trained his men in the beginning of the War The Lord Keeper Littleton having departed with the Great Seal to Oxford according to the Kings Command the Parliament voted a new Great Seal to be made To cast an eye to the affairs of the West Sir Ralph Hopton after his little victory at Liskard having made sure of the County of Cornwal and established all things to the advantage of the Kings affairs there marched into Devonshire to oppose the Earl of Stamford and Major-General Chudleigh for the Parliament with whom on Tuesday May 16 a Battel happened at Stratton in that County The Kings Forces had the disadvantage both in want of Ammunition and being necessitated to March up a steâp Hill open to all oppositions to come to fight being in number not above 3000 the sixth part whereof was Horse and Dragoons The Enemy were above 5000 with the same quantity of Horse but supplied that defect with the strength of the Hill on which they were fortified The Royalists attempted their ascent four several ways and were as resolutely beaten down the fight continuing from five in the morning till three in the after-noon without any certainty of event or success on either party Major General Chudleigh charged stoutly against a stand of Pikes commanded by Sir Bevil Greenvile to the disordering of his Party and the overthrowing of his Person but in time came Sir Iohn Berkley and restored the fortune of the day by taking Major-General Chudleigh Prisoner Towards the end of the day the several parties met at the top of the Hill with great shouts of joy which the routed Enemy confusedly forsook and fled There were taken seventeen hundred Prisoners all their Cannon and Ammunition being thirteen brass Pieces of Ordnance seventy barrels of Powder with a Magazine of Bisket and other provisions proportionable By this opportune Victory all that Nook of the West was reduced to the Kings entire obedience except Plymouth and for which important service the King presently honoured Sir Ralph with the Title of Baron Hopton of Stratton from the place where he atchieved his honour The Parliament had appointed first Colonel Thomas Essex then Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes to be Governour of Bristol of which in the beginning of the troubles they had possest themselves and having discovered a Plot of delivering the City to Prince Rupert who accordingly was drawn down near the place expecting the Signal which was ringing of a Bell and opening a gate surprized and secured the intelligencers viz. Mr. Robert Yeomans and Mr. George Bourcher two of the Citizens and soon after notwithstanding the King and his Generals mandates and threats of retaliation disloyally executed them in that City Iames Earl of Northampton defeats a body of Parliamentarians in Middleton Cheiny Town-field under Colonel Iohn Fiennes killed 200 took 300 more with their Arms while the rest fled to Northampton and brought them into Banbury his Garison At this time also Wardour-Castle in Wilt-shire was taken by the Parliaments Forces and not long after retaken by Sir Francis Dorrington But enough to be said of such petty places Sir William Waller was now advanced into the West with a well-furnished Army to prevent those dangers which the growing Fortunes of the Lord Hopton threatned to the Cause and the well-affected in those Counties By force partly and partly by perswasion he had screwed himself into a great many Towns chiefly Taunton and Bridge-water which he Garisoned whereupon the Lord Hâmpton joyning with Prince Maurice and the Marquess of Hartford advanced East-ward and at a place called Landsdown met with Sir William drawn up in a place of great advantage with Forlorns Sir Bevil Greenvil and Sir Nicolas Slanning advanced first upon them and some Horse but Sir William had so lined the Hedges and the Horse were so galled with Musquet-shot that they were forced to retreat disorderly towards the Rear of their Foot when the Cornish-men came on with resolution and beat them out of their Hedges and pursued them up an ascent where they had almost regularly fortified themselves by Hedges and laid Stone-walls From hence Waller charged with a body of Horse and again disordered them yet they rallied and received another Repulse in one of which Major Lowre that commanded part of the Horse was slain in the Head of them as also that noble person Sir Bevil Greenvil in the Head of his stand of Pikes with which he had done signal Service so oâten divers Gentlemen of less note falling with him until in conclusion night drawing on nay quite spent for it was one of the clock in the morning and past before they gave over the Battel might be said or a continued Skirmish it was to be drawn betwixt them the Royalists continuing in the Field all âight having possession of the Field dead and of 300 Arms and nine barrels of Powder leât by the Enemy which by some accident or treachery was fired and the Lord Hopton thereby hurt and endangered Here were slain besides on the Kings part Mr. Leak son to my Lord Deincourt now Earl of Scars-dale Mr. Barker Lieutenant-Colonel Wall Capt. Iames Capt. Cholwel and Mr. Bostard That which on the other side seems to say that Sir William Waller had the better of it is that within two days after he had cooped up my Lord Hopton in the Devises this again is imputed to the want of Ammunition the Royalists being forced as they were taught by
part that valiant person Iohn Lord Stuart second Brother to the Duke of Richmond who dyed at Abbington of his wounds as also Sir Iohn Smith Colonel Sandys Colonel Scot and Colonel Manning father to that person who betrayed the King to Cromwel while he resided at Colen in the designe of Colonel Penruddock for which he was shot to death in the Duke of Newburghs Country with divers Persons of Quality wounded among whom was Sir Edward Stowel Eldest Son to Sir Iohn and Sir Henry after Lord Bard besides private Souldiers above 1400. Of the Parliaments side few men of note were killed about 900 common Souldiers Colonel Dolbeir wounded and Colonel Tompsons Leg shot off by a Cannon-bullet About this time the Dutch Ambassadors came to Oxford again endeavouring to mediate between the King and Parliament but returned re infecta from whence the King also was designing to march being newly come thither from Reading which he slighted Sir Charles Blunt a couragious Gentleman on the Kings side was slain about this time Great and extraordinary preparations were now made for this Campagnia which I shall next relate Essex and Waller who had followed the Lord Hopton to Basing and there shewed a mind of Besieging the house now joyned their Armies together amounting to a very great strength with intention to set upon the King at Oxford wherefore the Queen was sent away with a sufficient Convoy to Exeter In the mean time Essex plunders Abbington and makes a Garrison of it soon after In this place which afterwards proved a Thom to the Kings foot not being able but in great Parties to stir out of Oxford Essex left Colonel Brown and constituted him Governour thereof This famous Person as his actions all along after declared especially his latter in his Industrious Loyal endeavours for the Restitution of his Majesty was no inconsiderable part of the War having been designed by the Parliament to the suppression of the Kentish-Commotions and then as an assistant to Sir William Waller at the taking in of Winchester and Chichester was afterwards when the War was ended and the King brought to Holmby made one of the Commissioners to attend his Majesty where he was so gained upon by his Princely Goodness and Vertues that from that time he was wholly changed and reduced from all false Opinions concerning his Majesty and afterwards proved a most Cordial and Loyal actor and sufferer for him and his Cause To return the King in the mean while marched with his Army from Oxford to Worcester which caused the two Parliament-Generals to divide their forces again Waller was to go after the King as they termed it A King-catching while Essex marched with another gallant Army into the West which was totally fallen from the Parliament The King had but few Forces about him by reason that Prince Rupert was sent with the greatest part of the Army to the relief of York then Besieged by the joynt-power of three Armies the Scots Manchester's and Fairfax's In his way he Storms Bolton and takes it but of that by and by The King having Traversed his ground came back again from Worcester and Sir William Waller from out of the Skirts of Glocester-shire was ready at his heels Insomuch that he overtook him neer Banbury at a place called Cropredy-bridge Waller drew up in Battalia on a Hill expecting the advantage of the Kings passing the Bridge which the King adventuring to do Waller descends from his Post and falls upon the Kings Rear beyond the Bridge where he was so gallantly received by the Earls of Cleaveland and Northampton that he was quite Routed Six hundred killed and Seven hundred taken Prisoners his Train of Artillery and many of the Officers so that Sir William was forced to flie and have recourse to London for another recruit It was therefore resolved upon this defeat of Waller that the King should immediately follow the Earl of Essex who was advanced so far that the Queen who was delivered of the Princess Henrietta at Exeter the sixteenth of Iune in the Month of Iuly was fain to be gone from thence for fear of a Siege leaving the young Lady to the tuition of the Countess of Dalkeith to France where she landed on the 25th at Brest in Britany At the beginning of August the King had overtaken the said Earl at Lestithiel his Forces in so ill a condition through their long march and their want of necessaries which the Country-people kept from them that it was concluded an easie thing to conquer them The King therefore resolved to coop them up and keep all manner of Provision from them After two or three days leaguer in this manner the Parliament-horse broke through the Kings Army by night the General and the Lord Roberts at whose instance this Expedition was undertaken got by boat from Foy to Plymouth and the Foot being destitute and deserted by the Horse under the command of Major-General Skippon came to a Capitulation by which it was agreed they should render their Arms Ammunition Artillery and Stores into the hands of the King and have liberty as many as would to pass home they engaging never more to bear Arms against the King So that by this defeat the Parliament were quite undone in the West as to present appearance The Marquess of Newcastle had been besieged above nine weeks in York by the joynt Forces of the Earl of Manchester the Lord Fairfax and the Scotch Army under Lesly for the relief whereof Prince Rupert was sent who passed through Shrop-shire and thence through Lancashire increasing his Forces by the way from the several Garrisons and Parties thereabouts In his way he raised the Siege of Latham-house where the Countess of Derby had stoutly defended her self for a long time He moreover took Stopford Leverpool and Bolton the last whereof refusing his Summons and being in no condition to withstand his power he deservedly having mastered it by a Storm the third time pillaged using the right of Arms to those who had provoked him by their impotent obstinacy Besides it was noted for a Town of Sectaries and such-like people On Sunday the last day of Iune the Prince came to Knaresborough fourteen miles from York the next morning over Burrough-Bridge and that night by the River to York upon whose approach the besiegers quit their quarters and those in York pursued their Rear and seized some Provisions the next morning Iuly the second the Prince advanced after them resolving to give them Battel which resolution was opposed by the Marquess of Newcastle as one who well knew the several concerns of the three confederate parties among whom there had passed some Jarrings in their Councels for Command But the Prince was determined to put an end to the Scotch danger which onely retarded the Kings entire success by a present fight and though he be much blamed for it yet it
their Bag and Baggage the Kings Standard and neer 100 Colours of Horse and Foot and the dishonour of the Parliamentarians Triumph the Kings Cabinet of Letters published afterwards in a most impudent manner of which the King most elegantly complained by the irreconciliable Enemies of his and his Kingdoms peace The number of the Common Souldiers taken amounted to 4500 who were afterwards brought to London and enclosed in the new Church-yard in Westminster by Tuttle-fields from whence they were freed by another Captivity the service of forreign Princes This Battel was fought much upon equal advantage for number both of Horse and Foot the ground also as equal For the fury of the fight dispensed with the first commodiousness of the Campania which was uncertainly maintained by the diversity of Success being thereunto very fit by reason of its playnness which was a mile broad from the utmost Flank of the Right to the left Wing of the Parliaments Army who first disposed of it and the neutrality of the Wind favoured both alike The Commanders on both sides behaved themselves worthy of their places nothing can be faulted in matter of courage but the Northern Horse for the King who were disgusâed in the beginning for that they fought unwillingly as resolute upon the enterprize of Pomfret To give them their particular dues will be too filling for this Volume we will onely mention my Lord Bard because this Chronicle hath given no former account of his Honour to which he rose from a Commoner by excellent services done the King and Colonel Iohn Russel of whom before in Marston-Moor the whitest name in the Roll of Fame And since it is by the Victor-party even by the General himself thought a crime this Relation shall not spread it He himself became the Command had it been lawful the other his Officers were men and pity onely they were English Skippon here received a mark of his Disloyalty The next day Colonel Iohn Fiennes with his Regiment was sent up to London by the General with the Prisoners and Colours taken in the fight who had been all along eminent in the services of that side The Kings Forces being thus vanquished Fairfax gave orders for the Army and Train to march after them the next day being Sunday without any more intermission the pursuit of the Victory being of parallel consequence with the obtaining of it These Orders were chearfully obeyed though the long march of the Foot for many days together and the vehemency of the Battel might have made them rest That night they quartered at Great Glyn four miles short of Leicester but the Horse came nearer which so much Alarm'd the Nobility and Gentry that had fled thither for security that they fled thence in great haste leaving the Lord Hastings to defend the place The King in the mean time not judging it safe to lodge at Leicester departed to Ashby de la zouch where he reposed himself some few hours but stayed not there making all speed he could from Litchfield in the night and from thence into Wales The other part of the rout being the Northern Horse under Sir Marmaduke Langdale fled incontinently from the Battel to Newark and narrowly escaped Sir Iohn Gell who was advancing with 2000 Horse from Nottingham to joyn with the General The General Fairfax was once unresolved whether he should presently march to relieve Taunton sorely distressed by the Lord Goring or undertake Leicester He had received full information of the strength of that Army and what a desperate forlorn condition Blake the Governour was in yet knowing that now there was no possibility of juncture with the King of which before the fight Goring had assured his Majesty within few days he resolved to reduce Leicester first On Munday the 16 of Iune the whole Army came before the Town when the General sent a Summons to the Lord Hastings to deliver it to the use of the Parliament who very resolutely refused them and thereupon command was given for a present Storm On the 17 being Tuesday great store of Ladders were brought in a Battery raised upon which two Demy-Cannons and a whole Culverin taken at Naseby were planted upon an old Work against the Newark being the very same Guns which the King not many days before had used against the same place Whereupon the Lord of Loughborough seeing this resolution of the enemy sent a Trumpeter out that day with Letters desiring a Parley concerning the surrender of the Town which began that evening and concluded in an agreement and on Wednesday morning Iune the 18 the Garrison marched out the Governour to Ashby-de-la-zouch the Souldiers and other Officers to Litchfield with staves onely in their hands There were taken in the Town 14 pieces of Ordnance 30 Colours 2000 Arms 500 Horse 50 barrels of Powder and other Ammunition proportionable thereunto Then consultation was held whether any Horse should be sent after the King who hastned to Hereford but the distress of Taunton in the West swayed the Parliaments Army thither-ward being newly mustered and gratified with their pay sent down from London With this intention the Army marched towards Marlborough where they should be nevertheless in the mid-way to Hereford and Taunton if the King should appear formidable but no such account being likely to be given of him they advanced further West-ward and by the way took in Highworth-Garrison and came to Salisbury where their General had notiâe that the Country-men under the Stile of Club-men were generally risen in those Counties being distinguished by a white Ribon in their hats and had been bickering with part of Major-General Massey's forces which were the onely considerable for the Parliament thereabouts and that there might be some suspition of danger either in their Quarters or in the field from them For it was supposed they were risen in favour of the King however they pretended a neutrality and preservation of themselves To this purpose they presented the General with two Petitions the one to the King the other to the Parliament desiring a Safe-conduct to go and deliver them They were reputed neer the number of ten thousand then ready at an hours warning to be embodyed together Armed with Country-weapons Bills and Pitchtorks and Clubs and some Fire-Armes under the command of one Mr. Hollis who transacted with Sir Thomas Fairfax in the matter aforesaid Their Demands were high though reasonable but of these men more anon Goring hearing of this advance of the Army made a semblance and show of drawing off from Taunton where Colonel Welden and the relief lately sent were besieged after he had marched some two miles the Garrison sally'd out to fall upon his Rear when on a sudden he faces about falls with fury and execution upon the party kills many and pursues the rest into the Town up to the very Gates and then sets down closer than before But his
and War having eaten things most reluctant to nature till the Kings affairs 1645 being desperate he accepted of no less honourable than his York Conditions and was now deservedly and as the onely fit person intrusted with this chief Bulwark and Fortress of Loyalty By him many additions were made to render it impregnable one most dangerous to the enemy was that he had caâsâd the ground before the Trenches to be broke and digged into pits wherein he had driven stakes so that it was neither safe for Horse nor man if they should attempt to storm to approach the Works But all this strength availed not against the Fate upon the Kings Cause besides that there was some Division among the Nobles at Court to whom the King had left a power of Treating with the Enemy insomuch that after a Summons the Governour by the advice of the Lords condescended to a Treaty which was managed at Marston at Mr. Crooks House by Commissioners on both sides and after a long debate all Hostility being exercised in the mean time especially when it was thought they would agree the besieged shot their great Guns continually by which they did some hurt killing a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Works and Prince Rupert received a shot in a Salley that he made rather to take the air than out of any great designe the Treaty came to a conclusion upon very noble Terms which Fairfax was willing to grant not knowing but that he might have been forced to continue there till the depth of Winter at which time the over-flowing of the Rivers which were now diverted might make him rise and leave the Siege there being plenty of all provisions in the Town to maintain it beyond that time The Articles being tedious and like those of Exeter need no repetition On Wednesday the 23 of Iune according to Agreement Sir Thomas Glemham marched out with a Body of 3000 compleat Foot through two Files of the Enemy which were placed at the East-Gate and extended to Shotover-hill where their Horse were drawn up in the Rear in a Solemn Military posture and having marched to Tame 900 of them laid down their Arms and had Passes to their own houses the rest or the most part of them took service under Colonel Tillier one of the Garrison for the French and some for the Spaniard A thousand more marched out at the North-gate whose habitations were in Glocester-shire and the Counties that way Prince Rupert and Maurice departed on the Monday before to Oatlands upon special Articles for themselves and a number of Gentlemen on Tuesday besides near 2000 that staid aââer the Army was entred for Passes so that there could not be less than 7000 men besides three Auxiliary Regiments of Scholars and Townsmen which were disarmed by the General upon his entrance then in the Town being the very flower and the Chivalry of the Kings Army There marched out likewise the Duke of York the Marquess of Hartford the Earls of Dorset and Southampton the Duke of Richmond and Earl of Lindsey being comprised in the said Articles who departed Oxford some while before the Siege and rendred themselves the Lords Cottington Lane and Dunsmore Secretary Nicholas Sir George Lisâe and abundance of brave Gentlemen and Officers so that it was a pleasant martial fight and many were the spectators from London to behold their exit The Duke of York was conveyed to St. Iames's to his Royal Brother and Sister under the Government of the Earl of Northumberland from whence by means of Colonel Ioseph Bamfield he was conveyed away according to the directions of the Queen his Mother into Holland as some while before the Princess Henrietta after married to the Duke of Orleans was by the Lady Dalkeith her Governess privately carried into France In these Articles Faringdon was also included the Governour Sir George Lisle being then in Oxford ratifying the same Colonel Poyntz and Colonel Rossiter had joyned their Forces and with the access of the Scottish Army resolved to besiâge Newark upon which they long had a hankering desire They began the Siege in December which was continued with all obstinacy the Town defending it self resolutely and by often Salleys annoyed the besiegers doing notable Execution upon them The Scots lodged on the North-side with 6000 men making good Muschams bridge Poyntz on the South-side Colonel Rossiter and Lebunt at Blechington Claypool the first time he appears in service now put on by Cromwel with Leicester and Ely forces at Bennington the Nottingham Brigade at Stoak where the Lord Bellasis the Noble stout Governour gave them such a Camisade by a sudden eruption that he totally routed their Horse Poyntz being there and had near surprized the Foot but that Rossiter came opportunely in and designing to get between the Salliers and the Town made them leave their Victory and make home in their way whither they defeated the said Colonel Rossiter and safely returned in at their Works Nevertheless and though General Leven with his Army was drawn off from Newark disgusted for want pay Poyntz would not give over but having turned the River Trent quite from the Town on the North-side and the Scots having taken Sands Fort before who paid dear for their Approaches and the other River being also turned aside and several Forts and Batteries new raised within Musquet-shot of the Town a second Summons was sent in unto the Governour which had not prevailed for all their bravado's of danger had they not been reinforced with a command from the King to his Lordship to make as good Terms as he could and deliver the place for that the Peace of the Kingdome might the sooner be râstored Accordingly on the 4 of May a Treaty was entred into the Articles very fair but not so comprehensive as those given by Fairfax but yet such as signified the noble Governours resolution and pointed at his great desert he having approved himself an eminent Souldier and Servant of his King and Country throughout the War and was afterward his Majesties Governour of his Town of Hull While the Army was marching to Oxford Colonel Whaley with a thousand Foot and-four Troops of Horse was sent to besiege Banbury who lay before it ten weeks ere the Governour would hearken to any Terms as nobly angry with the Fortune of his Cause as disdainfully vext with the disparagement of the Siege the Castle able to defie their entire Army and which had often disappointed and beaten several united strengths that beleaguered it But I cannot so regretfully partake with that Loyal Garrison as Mr. Sprig doth zealously with the Town in a Paragraph of his worthy observation and which mâââ very justly be construed in a better sense than he meant it being a full âccount of that once-famous place for Zealotry Banbury once a great and fair Market-Town before the late Troubles but now having scarce the one half standing to gaze on the Ruines of
the other was ever till now unfortunate in all means and endeavours used for its recovery having lain under the possession and Tyranny of the Enemy from the beginning without almost any intermission which happened to it partly through the commodiousness of its Situation for the Enemy as lying but eighteen miles North from Oxford and in such a convenient place as gave it a command into divers other Counties viz. North-hampton-shire Warwick-shire c. from out of which it gathered large Contributions from Oxford the sweetness that the Enemy tasted in the fruits and effects thus reaped by this Garrison made them that upon all our attempts to reduce it they were still ready with great Forces to relieve it But yet I cannot but also look upon and observe the end a special hand and intimation of God against that Professing Place where in a manner Judgment began as at the House of God and was removed with one of the last The strange sights in the Air over it as fighting c. whereof I was an eye-Witness might poâtend the portion which providence hath since prepared for them All endeavours were used by the Besiegers by Sapping and Mining which were again Countermined by the vigilance of Sir William Compton Brother to the Earl of Northampton the resolute Governour who by flinging down stones and hand-Granadoes mightily annoyed the Enemy who nevertheless couragiously persisting in their work being advanced close to the Wall Sir William accepted of honourable Terms and yeilded it on the eighth of May the Anniversary of his Majesties Proclayming I may not pass this notable place without another remarque When the Grandees of the Faction in 1648 were dividing the spoyls of the Kingdom and Loyal demolitions which made entire structures of some of their partisans Fortunes were conferred mutually by them of which in its place and several Castles were then ordered to be rased A friend of the Lord Say's the Proprietor of the place moved in the House of Commons that this Castle also might be ruined as having been such a thorn to the Parliament and that the Lord Say's consent might be procured who had all along served them as chief of their Council and Cabal and dyed after the King's restitution to say no more of him though a grand engine of our Troubles Two thousand Pounds should be given him in compensation A Member that understood his Lordships drift who put in for his share among the Commoners while they were of the giving hand and the Lords looked onely on others bounty stood up and said that the Publique had no need of such penny-worths as to give his Lordship two thousand pounds for that which cost him but five hundred a cheaper time might be expected which his Lordship was forced to await and be content with an under-sale when it was enviously by them and dishonourably by him laid in its dust the rather to be pitied because of its reviviscency having bravely and vigorously recovered it self from the decays of a long Antiquity so much Art and industry being bestowed on it that neither the Approaches of Time nor the Batteries fury and violence of the Enemy were to be seen in any part of it But it seems the Loyal Genius the new Penates agreed not well with their Mansion and so abandoned it to the lust and spight of a deforming Reformation May the present inhabitants consider and the Reader pardon this digression From Banbury Colonel Whaley was ordered to march to Worcester and with some Troops of Horse to assist the Siege began by Colonel Morgan who was then commanded to the Siege of Ragland to command in chief the Forces before that place so that the Carrying on of Worcester-siege was devolved upon Colonel Whaley who for want of Foot could not lay a close and regular Leaguer until that defect was supplyed by Colonel Rainsborough who came with a Brigade thither and lustily pâyed the raising of Forts and Approaches which in short time he effectually brought to pass so that the Governour Colonel Washington who had done the King excellent service throughout the War particularly at the first taking of Bristol where the breach he couragiously entred was afterwards called by his name made terrible thereafter by his brave Regiment of Dragoons whose fierce and active gallantry bestowed a Proverbe on every resolute exploit Away with it quoth Washington who before had refused Terms or to accept a Summons but upon his own high Conditions seeing how feasible the forcing of the City might prove and that no Relief could be expected having also information of the surrender of Oxford inclined now to a Treaty which took effect Iuly 19. and rendred the 23 of Iuly the Articles being something less equal than the General gave which was the manner of those substitute Commanders who either might not or rather were not indued with so much Military honour as to grant them honourable Articles the best Military policy a courtesie for which the Low-country-war is very deservedly famous and the great master-piece of Souldiery in the late Princes of the House of Aurange At the same time the Generals Regiment and Colonel Lilburn's were sent to assist and carry on the Siege before Wallingford where Colonel Thomas Blague commanded and after Oxford was yeilded the General came himself thither in person to honour the Noble Governour by the rendition of it to the main Army His Terms were as good as any that had been given before Sir Thomas as well respecting the merit and worth of the person as the value and considerableness of the place By Treaty it should have been surrendred on the 29 of Iuly but a mutiny happening among the Souldiers of the Garrison the Governour was forced to render it the day before having had six days time from the conclusion of the Treaty to prepare for his departure After this rendition Sir Thomas Fairfax went to the Bath to refresh himself after so tedious attendance on several Leaguers and from thence being informed of the resolution of the Noble Marquess of Worcester in defending his Castle of Ragland where he had made many desperate Salleys and kept the besiegers at hard and constant duty he advanced to the aid and assistance of his Forces under Colonel Morgan Sir Trevor Williams and Colonel Laughorn and upon his arrival sent in the Marquess this Summons My LORD BEing come into these parts with such a strength as I may not doubt but with the same hand of good providence that hath hitherto blessed us in short time to reduce the Garrison of Ragland to the obedience of the Parliament I have in order thereto thought good to send your Lordship this Summons hereby requiring you to deliver up to ãâã for the Parliament's use the said Garrison and Castle of Ragland which as it onely obstructs the Kingdom 's universal Peace the rendition may beget such terms as by delay or vain hopes cannot be expected
Aug. 7. Your Lordships humble servant THO. FAIRFAX To which the Marquess Answered thus SIR ALthough my infirmities might justly claim priviledge in so sudden an Answer yet because you desire it and I not willing to delay your time to your Letter of Summons to deliver up my house and the onely house now in my possession to cover my head in These are to let you know that if you did understand the condition I am in I dare say out of your Judgment you would not think it a reasonable demand I am loth to be the Author of mine own Ruine on both sides and therefore desire to have leave to send to his Majesty to know his pleasure what he will have done with his Garrison As for my house I presume he will command nothing neither know I how either by Law or Conscience I should be forced out of it To this I desire your return and rest Your Excellencies humble Servant H. WORCESTER To which the General replyed that for sending to his Majestie it had been denyed to the most considerable Garrison in England further than an account of the thing done upon the Surrender which he offered that for the destruction of his Lordships house and Garrison he should not have troubled his Lordship were it disgarrisoned And repeats inconveniences upon a refusal To this the Marquess answers that he hath twenty thousand pounds due from the King lent out of his Purse it is believed the Loyal Noble Marquess might have said four times as much being the richest and freest Subject the King had which would be lost if he in this matter should displease him alledges his familiarity with Sir Thomas his Grandfather in Henry Earl of Huntingtons time President of the North for whose sake he supposeth were it known to him the General would do what safe courtesie he could Desires if he might have his Means and be at quiet by the Parliaments approbation and not vexed with the malice of the Committees of that County to be quit of the Garrison and to that purpose expects what Conditions he will give The General returns that he will give such as shall be fit and satisfactory for the Souldiers to his Lordship and Family all security and quiet from any that belongs to him note that the Marquess was then excepted out of Pardon he will interpose betwixt his Lordship and the Committees that they shall do nothing without order from the Parliament to whom he hath liberty to send and from whom upon a present Surrender and submission to their Mercy and Favour he may presume on better Terms than if he stand to extremity Proposeth the sad example of the Marquess of Winchester who lost all by the same resolution For the twenty thousand pounds he may send to the King at the same time with an account of the Surrender The Marquess rejoyns and desires to be satisfied whether if any conclusion shall be made he shall afterwards be left to the mercy of the Parliament for alteration at their Wills and pleasures and cites to that purpose the Earl of Shrewsburies case and divers others whose Conditions were broken He knows that by the Generals Will and Consent it should never be but Souldiers are unruly and the Parliament Vnquestionable and therefore desires Pardon for his just cause of Fear This was Answered by Sir Thomas that what he granted he would undertake to make good And as to the instance of the Lord of Shrewsbury the Actors in that breach who were none of his Army have received their Censure and by this time he believes Execution The first result between them was at the desire of the Marquess a Cessation for six hours but nothing being concluded on the Army proceeded in their Approaches which were cast up within sixty yards of their Works when the Marquess was induced and perswaded by them within to come to a Capitulation which was in effect the same with others And on the 19 of August the Castle was Surrendred according to Agreement into which the General entred and had some speech with the Marquess and so back again to Bath There marched out besides the Marquess who cast himself wholly upon the mercy of the Parliament the Lord Charley his Son the Countess of Glamorgan Sir Philip Iones Doctor Bayly a Commissary 4 Colonels 82 Captains 16 Lieutenants 6 Cornets 4 Ensigns 4 Quarter-masters 52 Esquires and Gentlemen as by the Catalogue of them taken by the Advocate of the Army appeared I do not wonder the gallant Marquess was so loth to part with his house for not long after and 't is presumed from some thought sadness and trouble of minde of being forced from this his Castle and exposed to the fury of his Enemies he departed this life A man of very great Parts and becoming his Honours of great Fortitude of mind either Actively or Passively and to whom the King was much beholden He was nevertheless better at his Pen than the Sword and a great deal happier for he hath used that with rare success as some of his Works in print viz his Apophthegms and Discourses and Disputes with his Majesty concerning Religion do abundantly demonstrate He lived âo see himself undone and a most plentiful estate spoyled and Ruined but anticipated and fore-ran that of the Kingdom which soon after followed Conway-Castle was taken by storm by Forces under Major-General Mitton to whom Sir Thomas Fairfax would have spared some Forces but he would have no partakers of his Trophies but those men he had raised himself and hitherto kept as a distinct Body pretending he had more men than money to pay them He also took in Carnarvan-Castle seconded by Major-General Laugborn his Country-man being delivered upon good Articles by the Lord Byron who had before so stoutly maintained Chester Ludlow was likewise delivered and Litchfield-Close to Sir William Brereton Borstal-house by Sir Charles Campian slain after at Colchester together with Gothâridge So that the Pen is quite worn out with scribling of Articles and desires to be excused from further particulars Onely we may not omit Pendennis-Castle and Mount Michael in Cornwal taken during the siege of Exeter by Colonel Hammond which stood out still by the resolution and Loyalty of a right Noble Gentleman of that County Iohn Arundel of Treacise Esquire the Governour it had been blockt up by Land by Colonel Richard Fortescue and by Vice-Admiral Batten by Sea ever since the General departed no Summons could prevail without his Majesties special Order to Surrender whom the Governour was very instant to have leave to send to All the deficiency was in Provision and no Relief could enter save two Shallops who got in at the break of day at which time the Parliaments Shallops that in the night-time lay close to the Castle to intercept them drew off for fear of being discovered as they were so neer within the reach of the Cannon The
due to his person the Treasure exhausted and his Revenews eaten up so that there was but one way for his Majesty to turn which he might make hereafter large and convenient enough by a present speedy complyance with his two Houses at Westminster This made the King to look about him and to cast about which way to prevent and eschew this streight in which the baseness of the Scots had thus engaged him A design was therefore thought on of his escape from them but it was presently discovered and the surrender of him the rather expedited for the Scots were such honest dealers that having received their money upon the bargain they would not defeat their Chapmen of their purchase A wretched advantage to either the Scots never thriving after it but being totally at last vassalized and subdued and the Presbyterians in England every day growing less and less till they were swallowed up in the Anarchy and Medly of the following times and benighted in the succeeding confusions and Schisms We will leave the King thus in the Ballance between England and Scotland and cross over to Ireland of which little mention hath been yet made but shall now be remembred in its own series In the first four months of that Rebellion no less than 150000 Men Women and Children were Massacred there by the Irish Rebels an account whereof hath been published taken by the Rebels themselves lest they should have seemed more Cruel and Barbarous than indeed they were Some of these Murders were committed by old English Families Grafted upon Irish stocks and thereby became Roman-Catholicks such as were the Lords of the Pale who openly sided with the Irish and were their Chief Officers and Leaders The Earl of Leicester had been appointed Lord Deputy and he hastned thither but some difficulties intervening he by Commission appointed the Earl afterwards Marquess then Duke of Ormond to be his Lieutenant-General in that service who after many successful Encounters with the Irish whose numbers maintained the War more than their Valour though raised by the greatest incentive imaginable Natural desire of Libertie from the pressing Calamities of the Protestants there and the urgency of his Majesties affairs in England had concluded a Cessation by order of the King in 1643. Notwithstanding the Parliament-party and the Scots still carried on the War And to shew the Irish what they should trust to the Parliament in 1644 had Arraigned Mac Mahon and the Lord Macquire who a little before had broke out of Prison and after a months hiding were taken at the Kings-Bench Bar where Macquire insisted mainly on his Peerage but was over-ruled and both by a Jury of Middlesex-Gentlemen found guilty and sentenced for High-Treason for which soon after they were Executed as Traytors at Tyburn The Lord Inchiquin and the Lord Broughil condescended not likewise to this Treaty but with intermixed success stood out against the whole power of the Rebels and were at last greatly distressed To remedy this the Lord Lisle Son to the Earl of Leicester was now ordered to go for Ireland with an Army of 8000 men the Lord Muskerry was likewise General for the Irish in the Southern parts of the Kingdome who took several places of strength in a short time whereupon the Marquess of Ormond proceeded to make that Cessation a kind of Peace it being judged by the Lords of the Council there not onely an expedient for their safety for the Rebels threatned to besiege Dublin but also to divide them against one another the more moderate of them who had some sence of the Kings condition and had not altogether Renounced their Loyalty being for a composure but the Popes Nuncio and the inveterate Irish such as the Family of Oneal and Masquire and generally the Popish Clergy Opposing themselves thereto Notwithstanding it took some effect for the Marquess perceiving that no good could be done at present with the Parliament of England with whom he had Treated for supplies and assistance and had in lieu of it offered the Surrender of the places he held upon conditions to them and the Forces they should send came to agreement with the Rebels there and though the King had by his Letters from Newcastle ordered him not to proceed farther to any conclusion with them according as the Parliament had desired him yet seeing the necessity of falling into the hands of the Rebels or the Parliament and considering that the King when he writ this was in restraint and so his Commands might be dispensed with and that the Kings intention was to be judged better by them who saw the necessity of it upon the place and so not give way to other mens designs and false representations of it to his Majesty received these Propositions for Peace following being signed in November 1646 from the haughty Irish who thought themselves absolute First That the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion be in Dublin and Drogheda and in the Kingdom of Ireland as free as in Paris or Brussels Secondly That the Council-Table consist of Members true and faithful to his Majesty and who have been enemies to the Parliament Thirdly That Dublin Drogheda Team Newby Cathirly Carlingford and all Protestant Garrisons be manned by the confederate Catholicks to keep the same for the use of the King and defence of the Kingdom Fourthly That the said Counsellours Generals Commanders and Souldiers do swear and engage to fight against the said Parliament of England and all the Kings Enemies and that they will never come to any agreement with them to the prejudice of his Majesties rights or the Kingdoms Fifthly That both parties according to their Oath of Association shall to the best of their power and cunning defend the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom the Kings rights and liberties of the Subject These the Irish insisted upon and were held in play that they should be granted with such Provisoes as should become the Kings Honour and Conscience of which if that Loyalty they pretended was any way Real they ought not to be less sollicitous than the Marquess and in the mean while the Peace to be as good as Established which indeed by the said moderate party was thenceforward observed as to his Majesties Interest in that Kingdom The Parliament to stop this Agreement a little before dispatcht away the Lord Lisle who weary of his Journey at his setting out was recalled but part of his Army was Transported with whom was Colonel Monck the after Renowned General who being Tampered with and for his Liberty having endured a long Imprisonment in the Tower for the space of three years undertook an Employment for the Parliament in Ireland The Forces shipped from Chester were neer two thousand accompanied with three Commissioners from the Parliament to the Marquess who having offered Dublin upon some Terms which they were to present to his Majesty for him to signe upon non-performance thereof on their part by keeping the Paper from
in the lump of the Souldiery against the Parliament but it was best judged by the irreconcileable malice against them which they made appear not long after in those most insolent and daring affronts in assaulting seising impeaching and secluding them several times in the two years ensuing From this Military rage and indignation they were presently put upon an unpractised and as licentious as dangerous a design even to the Authors themselves as it afterwards proved though their confident ambition made them venture it of chusing out two out of each Company and Troop to be their Adjutators and to draw up the sence of the Army and to assist at the Councils of War and advise therein for the Peace and safety of the Kingdom even to such a sawcy degree of strange freedom as to give their Vote and to put in their spoke to any debate This highly conciliated them and the whole Army to act whatever was privately suggested to them by Cromwel and engaged them alike in the hazard which by these desperate courses he was resolved to run counting it no diminution of his greatness if by the basest servilities and wretched Familiarities he could attain his Tyranny By these ADJUTATORS or AGITATORS a Protestation of the Army was drawn and published where they declared not to disband nor go for Ireland until all their Arrears were paid and the people restored to those rights for which they had engaged and the Kingdom setled and Peace secured by an Act of Indempnity principally for themselves Which demands being formed into a Petition which was pretended to be no more than a Transcript of a nother from several Counties to the General to the same purpose was delivered to the House by Colonel Hammond Colonel Rich and Colonel Ireton The Presbyterians now plainly saw what they must trust to and therefore put on a good face and generously shewed their displeasure of this undutiful procedure and to cry quits with their Country-cheat put the County of Essex and some other adjacent to Petition them to pursue their resolutions of disbanding In the intrigues of which affair we will leave them embroyled and proceed to their no less perplexed consultation concerning the King On the sixth of February the King was delivered and Newcastle at the same time by the Scots to the Parliament Commissioners whose names were as followeth the Earl of Pembroke Earl of Denbigh Lord Mountague Sir Walter Earl Sir Iohn Holland Sir Iames Harrington Sir Iohn Cook Mr. Crew afterwards Lord Crew of Stene and Major-General Brown and two Ministers Mr. Marshal and Mr. Caryl whom they might well have spared Marshal being an Amphibiam or Hermaphrodite of Presbytery and Independency to this as a Pensioner to the other a Chaplain and was not much unlike Major-General Skippon who had the same Ianus aspect to the Army and City to the last whereof he approved himself a most Treacherous friend as in all other the secret practices of the Presbyterians afterward Caryl was downright Independent both of them so inacceptable to the King that he would by no means admit either of them to preach before him which begat such a disgust in Caryl that he mightily promoted ever after the Independent slander of the Kings obstinacy Marshal lived not long after being discovered and slighted by all Parties The Commissioners having kist his Majesty's hand acquainted him with their Order and Instructions to convey him to his house at Holdenby in North-hamptonshire but the King desired New-Market as more convenient and nearer to London but understanding he was not at their disposal who were tyed up by the Parliament he acquiesced and with a sorrowful mind departed attended with near 1000 Horse accompanied by the Commissioners On the eighth of February at night he lodged at Durham next to Aukland to Richmond to Kippon to Leeds to Wakefield to Rotheram to Mansfield whereabouts he was met by the General who at his approach alighted and his Majesty gave him his hand to kiss and this commendation That he was a truely Noble person and had kept the Articles and Conditions he had so fairly given to Leicester and so to Holmby being all the way thither gratulated by the people as if in a Progress So far was any part of the Kingdom and those had been his sharpest and sorest Enemies from thinking him the cause of their Troubles as he was afterwards most untruly Blasphemed that with all joy and gladness imaginable they would have brought him in with their Peaceful Troops without more ado to his innocent Throne instead of a Prison where upon his arrival Proclamation was made That none that had assisted him or deserted the Parliament should presume to come near his person This solitude gave him opportunity though as he saith most elegantly himself sad occasion for some of those excellent Meditations in his Eikon Basil. particularly that of his restraint in this place which was so much the more tedious by their barbarous refusal of admitting his Chaplains or but any two of them to minister to him in this distress He had twice so passionately and with such obliging language that his Christianity passed on his Regality wooed the House of Lords to do him that favour that they could not in pity and Piety refuse but the House of Commons peremptorily withstood them alleaging that those Chaplains would the more indispose him and avert him from complying with them as to Religion This denyal grievously troubled the King but since there was no perswasion of them he endeavoured to convince their Commissioners in whose company he past some hours of his confinement at Bowles and other exercise which he in particular affected with Major-General Brown who most dutifully reconciled himself to the King protesting his sorrow to have engaged so far against him and his resolution to hazard as much for him if there should be occasion With this Gentleman and the Earl of Pembroke most an end he diverted the duress of this recluse life shewing himself pleasant in the intervals of his studying and devotions and when the said Earl fell sick most kindly visited him but to all of them he shewed himself so affable and courteous in his converse so obliging in his discourse yet so Majestick and Authoritative in his Argumentation and State-conferences that they were all save Harrington his ungrateful domestick meerly constrained to acknowledge their errour and to profess a most willing obedience for the future to his person and Government Though we shall conclude this year with an indignity done him by their Masters who a while before had caused the Great Seal of England which the Lord Littleton had carried to Oxford to be broke in pieces in the House of Lords presuming thereby to cancel whatever had passed it since that time But it made too deep an impression to be so easily obliterated as we shall see in the year 1660. Anno Dom. 1647. THus had
Souldiers and double Files clean through Westminster-hall up to the stairs of the House of Common and so through the Court of Requests to the Lords House the Souldiers looking scornfully upon many of these Members as they were instructed to know them that had sate in the absence of the Speakers and seated the Speakers respectively in their Chairs and was by them in return placed in a Chair of State where they gave him special thanks for his service to the Parliament and likewise appointed to signalize his desert a solemn day of Thanksgiving for the re-settlement of the Parliament their usual prophane and impious practice of mocking God to which they now added the abuse of the Creature at a Dinner provided for the Parliament and chief Officers of the Army by the City at whose costs they sârâeited while the Poor thereof starved through want of Trade which decayed sensibly in a short time no Bullion likewise being afterwards brought to the Mint Sir Thomas Fairfax was now likewise constituted Generalissimo so sudden their favour and so great their confidence of all the Forces and Forts in England to dispose of them at his pleasure and Constable of the Tower of London The Common Souldiers were likewise ordered a Months gratuity and the General remitted to his own discretion for what Guards he should please to set upon both Houses in such a servile fear were those Members that sate in the absence of the Speakers that they durst not dissent from any thing propounded by the contrary Faction The effect of this was that the Independents displaced immediately all Governours though placed by Ordinance of Parliament and put in men of their own party which they could not so currantly do before and by vertue of the same the Militia's of London Westminster and Southwark from whence was their sole danger which were all united before were now divided to make them the weaker the Lines of Communication dismantled that the Parliament and City mightly open to any sudden invasion that so they might have a perpetual and easie awe upon their Counsels and actions The Eleven Impeached Members before mentioned who had superseded themselves and were newly re-admitted the Army not being able to produce their Charge upon pretence of more weighty affairs now altogether withdrew and had Passes though some staid in London some for beyond Sea and other for their homes in the way whither one of them Mr. Nichols was seized on and basely abused by Cromwel another Sir Philip Stapleton one who had done them very good service passed over to Calice where falling sick as suspected of the Plauge he was turned out of the Town and perished in the way near to Graveling whose end was inhumanely commented on by our Mamaluke like Saints who inscribed it to the Divine Vengeance Having thus Levelled all things before them they proceed to an abrogation of all those Votes Orders and Ordinances that had passed in the absence of the said Speakers This was first carried in the Lords House without any trouble the Peers that sate there that time absenting themselves so that there was not more than seven Lords to make up their House By these an Ordinance was sent to the Commons for their concurrence to make all Acts Orders and Ordinances passed from the 26 of Iuly to the sixth of August following when the Members did return Void and Null ab initio This was five or six days severally and fully debated and as often put to the question and carried in the Negative yet the Lords still renewed the same Message to them being prompted and instigated by the Army rejecting their Votes nor would acquiesce but put them to Vote again contrary to the priviledge of the House of Commons nor could it pass for all the threats of the Sollicitour-General Saint Iohn one mancipated to the Faction nor the fury of Hazelrigg when he used these words Some Heads must fly off and he feared the Parliament of England would not save the Kingdom of England but that they must look another way for safety To which sence spoke Sir Henry Vane junior Thomas Scot Cornelius Holland Prideaux Gourdon Sir Iohn Evelin junior and Henry Mildway all Regicides and Contrivers of it until the Speaker perceiving some plain apparent enforcements must be used pulled a Letter out of his pocket from the General and General Council of the Army for that was now their stileâ pretending he then received it which soon terrified the Members either by withdrawing themselves or sitting mute as if they had been Planet-struck into a compliance so that the next morning August the 20. in a thin House the Ordinance passed the procuring thereof being palpably and notoriously forced and Arbitrary This Letter to the Speaker was received by him over-night as was conceived with directions to conceal it if the Question had passed in the Affirmative But that not fadging it was was produced in the nick accompanied with a Remonstrance full of villanous language against those that continued sitting while the two Speakers were with the Army calling them pretended Members and taxing them in General with Treason Treachery and Breach of Trust declaring that if they shall presume to come there before they have cleared themselves that they did not give their assents to such and such Votes they should sit at their Peril and he would take them as Prisoners of War and try them at a Council of War Having thus invalidated or annihilated those Laws the Law-makers could not think to escape untouched Iudgement began with the House of Lords whose degenerate remnant upon an Impeachment carried up by Sir Iohn Evelin the younger of High Treason in the name of the Commons of England for their levying War against the King Parliament and Kingdom committed the Earls of Suffolk Lincoln and Middlesex the Lords Berkley Willoughby of Parham Hunsdon and Maynard to the Black Rod. Then divers of the House of Commons were suspended as Mr. Boynton others committed to the Tower as Recorder Glyn and Sir Iohn Maynard but the wrath of the Army âell principally on the Citizens the chief of whom were viz. the Lod Mayor Sir Iohn Gayre Alderman Adams Alderman Langham Alderman Bunch and Sheriff Culham with others these without any more ado than an Impeachment preferred against them by Miles Corbet one of the Regicides and Chair-man to the Close-Committee of Examinations to the House of Lords were never being called to any Bar sent Prisoners to the Tower of London where they lay a long time and could never obtain a Trial but at last sued out a precious and precarious liberty so that by this means the Spirit of Presbytery was quite daunted and the Independent Faction absolutely ruled the roast and were paramount Poyntz and Massey fled over to Holland and so escaped Having concluded this Contrast or Feud betwixt them we will see with what aspect they regard their Soveraign upon whom
be made for the freedom of such Elections 6. That the Parliament onely have Power to direct further as to Parliaments and for those two ends expressed before their Orders there to pass for Laws 7. That there be a Liberty for Entring Dissents in the House of Commons and no man further censurable for what he shall say in the House exclusion by c. from that Trust and that by the House it self 8. That the Iudicial Power in the Lords and Commons without further Appeal may be cleared The King not to be capable to forgive persons adjudged by them without their consent 9. That the Peers have no Iurisdiction against the Commons without the concurring Iudgment of the House of Commons as also may be vindicated from any other Iudgement c. than that of their equals 10. That Grand Iury-men be chosen by several parts or divisions of each County respectively not left to the discretion of any Vnder-Sheriff which Grand Iury-men at each Assize shall present the names of persons to be made Iustices of the Peace and at the Summer-Assizes the names of three out of which the King may prick one for Sheriff Secondly being another principle For the future security to Parliaments and the Militia in general in order thereunto That it be provided by Act of Parliament 1. That the power of the Militia by Land and Sea during the space of ten years shall be disposed by the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament or persons they shall nominate 2. That it shall not be exercised by the King nor any from him during the said space nor afterwards but by advice of the Parliament or Council of State or such Committees in the Interval 3. That the said Lords and Commons c. raise and dispose of Money for the Forces thought necessary and for payment of publike debts and uses of the Kingdom 4. That these ten years security may be the firmer It be provided That none that have been in hostility against the Parliament in the late War shall be capable of any Office or Trust for five years without consent of Parliament nor to sit as Members thereof till the second Biennial Parliament be past Thirdly For the ordering of the peace and safety of this Kingdom and Ireland 1. That there be Commissioners for the Admiralty an Admiral and Vice-Admiral now agree on with power to execute amply the said Offices and pay provided for the service 2. That there be a Lord-General for the Forces that are to be in pay 3. That there be Commissioners for the standing Militia in every County consisting of Trained Bands and Auxiliaries not in pay to discipline them 4. A Council of State to surperintend the powers given those Commissioners 5. That the said Council have the same power with the Kings Privy Council but not make War or Peace without consent of Parliament 6. That that Council consist of trusty and able persons to continue si bene se gesserint but not above seven years 7. That a sufficient Establishment be provided for the pay of the standing Forces the Establishment to continue till two months after the meeting of the first Biennial Parliament or Saint Tibs Eve Fourthly That an Act be passed for disposing the great Offices for ten years by the Lords and Commons in Parliament and by the Committees in the Intervals with submission to the approbation of the next Parliament and after that time they to name three and the King out of them to appoint one for the succession upon a vacancie Fifthly For disabling the Peers made by the King since the Great Seal was carried away May 21. 1642. to sit and Vote in Parliament Sixthly An Act to make void all the Acts Declarations c. against the Parliament and their Adherents and that the Ordinances for Indempnity be confirmed Seventhly An Act to make void all Grants passed under the said Seal since May 1642. and to confirm and make those valid that passed under the Great Seal made by Authority of Parliament Eighthly An Act for Confirmation of Treaties between England and Scotland and constituting Conservators of the Peace between them Ninthly That the Ordinance for taking away the Court of Wards and Liveries be confirmed by Act but the Kings Revenue made up another way and the Officers thereof to have reparation Tenthly An Act declaring void the Cessation of Ireland leaving that War to the prosecution of the Parliament Eleventhly An Act to take away all Coercive Power Authority and Iurisdiction of Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Officers whatsoever extending to civil Penalties upon any and to repeal all Laws whereby the Civil Magistracie hath been or is bound upon any Ecclesiastical Censure to proceed ex Oââicio unto any Civil Penalties against any persons so censured Mark here is not a word of abolishing Episcopacy or confirming the sale of their Lands in which they knew the Presbyterians were entangled but the King extreamly gratified who abominated Sacriledge and so was the likelier never to comply with the Parliament who made it one of their principal demands which Cromwel designed Twelfthly That there be a repeal of penal Acts or Clauses enjoyning the Common-Prayer and imposing Penalties for not coming to Church some provision to be made for discovering of Recusancie Thirteenthly That the taking of the Covenant be not inforced upon any c. but that all Ordinances enjoyning that be repealed Fourteenthly That the things before proposed being provided for his Majestie his Queen and Royal Issue may be restored to a condition of Safetie Honour and Freedom in this Nation without diminution to their personal Rights or further limitation to the exercise of their Power than according to the particulars aforegoing Fifteenthly For the matter of Compositions 1. That a less number out of the persons excepted in the two first qualifications not exceeding five for the English being nominated particularly by the Parliament besides the Irish Rebels may be reserved to the Iudgment of the Parliament c. And many more good morrows in favourable restrictions of the Parliament's severity to poor Cavaliers whom they reserved for their more ravenous jaws thinking by these wiles first to betray and then devour them and therefore now the Tyger is become a mediator to the Wolf to spare the innocent sheep that 's encompassed between them The rest of this batch was for particular redresses of the Law and abuses of the Lawyers concerning Imprisonments for Debts Regulating Assessements and remedies against the contentious Suits of Tythes for asserting the peoples right in Petitioning against Forrest-Lands and almost all particular grievances especially the Excise and Monopolies against Corporation-Oaths as grievous to tender Consciences being too long to enumerate The drift of all being to please all sorts of people one or other hitting the humour of every man but chiefly gratifying the Fanaticks and miserable Vulgar who were to be deluded and then used as a bridge to their own slavery
actions therein The third was An Act whereby all Titles and Honour of Peerage conferred on any since the 20 of May 1642. being the day that the Lord Keeper Littleton deserted the Parliament and carried away the Seal were Declared Void And it was further to be Enacted that no person that shall hereafter be made a Peer or his Heirs shall sit or Vote in the Parliament of England without the consent of both Houses of Parliament The fourth was An Act concerning the Adjournment of both Houses of Parliament whereby it was Declared that when and wither the two Houses shall think fit to Adjourn themselves the said Adjournments shall at all times be valid and good and shall not be judged or deemed to end or determine the Session of this Parliament The Proposals were 1. That the new Seal be Confirmed and the old Great Seal and all things passed under it since May 1642. be made Void 2. That Acts be Passed for raising moneys to pay publike Debts 3. That Members of both Houses put from their places by the King be restored 4. That the Cessation in Ireland be made Void and the War left to both Houses 5. That An Act of Indempuity be passed 6. That the Court of Wards be taken away and such Tenures turned into common Soccage 7. That the Treaties between England and Scotland be confirmed and Conservators of the Peace and Vnion appointed 8. That âhe Arrears of the Army be paid out of Bishops Lands Forfeited Estates and Forrests 9. That An Act be passed for abolishing Bishops and all appendants to them 10. That the Ordinance of disposing Bishops Lands be confirmed by Act. 11. That An Act be passed for the sale of Church-lands 12. That Delinquents be proceeded against and their Estates disposed of according to their several Qualifications 13. That an Act be passed for discharge of publike Debts 14. That Acts be passed for setâling the Presbyterian Government and Directory Fâurteen of the 39 Articles revised by the Assembly of Divines Rules and Directions concerning suspension from the Lords-Supper 15. That the chief Officers in England and Ireland be named by both Houses 16. That an Act be passed for the conviction of Popish Recusants 17. That an Act be passed for the Education of the Children of Papists by Protestants 18. and 19. Against Papists for levying penalties and prohibiting the hearing of Mass. 20. An Act be passed for Observation of the Lords-day 21. A Bill for Suppressing Innovations 22. And Advancement of Preaching 23. And against Pluralities and Non-residencie Withâl The Commissioners were to desire His Majesty to give His Royal Assent to those four Bills by His Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England Signed by His Hand and Notified to the Lords and Commons Assembled together in the House of Peers it not standing then with the safety of the Kingdom for His Majesty to do it otherwise to wit at London and a Bill to be drawn for such Letters Patents to be presented Him and then a Warrant to Edward Earl of Manchester c. whereupon a Committee shall be sent to the Isle of Wight to Treat with Him only It was not intended to shew these shapeless abortions of Laws but that they should have been buried in their Chaos yet being the though unprepared matter of this beautiful Form of the Kings Answer the darkness of the one occasioning and preceding the light of the other they are here represented in this unreasonable lump anâ ãâã Nothing indeed shews them better or it may be said worse so that they ãâ¦ã Paraphrase or Comment Give me leave only to insert thâ Scots sense of ãâã Bills and Proposals The Commissioners of Scotlanâ having understood the proceeding of the Parliament in the business now ãâã publikely protested against it here and immediately followed the Commissioâers to the Isle of Wight where they likewise presented His Majesty with this Paper There is nothing which we have more constantly endeavoured and do more earnestly desire than a good Agreement and happy Vnion between Your Majesty and your Parliaments of both Kingdoms neither have we left any means unessayed that by united Councils with the Parliament of England and making joynt applications to Your Majesty there might be a composition of all differences But the new Propositions communicated to us by the two Houses and the Bills therewith presented to Your Majesty are so prejudicial to Religion the Crown the Vnion and Interest of the Kingdoms and so far different from the former proceedings and engagements betwixt the Kingdoms as we cannot concur therein Therefore we do in the name of the Kingdom of Scotland dissent from these Proposals and Bills tendred to Your Majesty Lowden Lauderdale Charles Erskin Kennedy Berclay This was the first equal and good Office meant the King though they had greater concerns of their own but it something served to justifie the King to His people in His refusal to Sign them The Kings Answer was as followeth For the Speaker of the Lords House pro tempore to be Communicated c. CHARLES REX THe necessity of complying with all engaged Interests in these great distempers for a perfect Settlement of Peace His Majesty finds to be none of the least difficulties he hath met with since the time of His afflictions which is too visible when at the same time that the two Houses of the English Parliament do present to His Majesty several Bills and Propositions for His Consent the Commissioners for Scotland do openly protest against them so that were nothing in the case but the consideration of that difference His Majesty cannot imagine how to give such an Answer to what is now proposed as thereby to promise himself his great End A Perfect Peace And when his Majesty further considers how impossible it is in the condition he now stands to fulfil the desires of his two Houses since the onely ancient and known ways of passing Laws are either by his Majesties personal Assent in the House of Peers or by Commission under his Great Seal of England He cannot but wonder at such failings in the manner of Address which is now made unto him unless his two Houses intend that his Majesty shall allow of a Great Seal made without his Authority before there be any consideration had thereupon in a Treaty which as it may hereafter hazard the security it self so for the present it seems very unreasonable to his Majesty And though his Majesty is willing to believe that the intention of very many in both Houses in sending those Bills before a Treaty was onely to obtain a Trust from him and not to take any advantage by passing them to force other things from him which are either against his Conscience or Honour yet his Majesty believes it's clear to all understandings that these Bills contain as they are now Penned not onely the devesting himself of all Soveraignty and that without possibility of recovering it either to him or his
his end His last words were Jesu have mercy on me and gather my soul with those that have run before me in this Race Next to him Mr. Andrew Guthrey Son to the Bishop of Murray And lastly Mr. William Murray a young Gentleman of some 19 years old Brother to the Earl of Tullibardin who most magnanimously encountred Death behaving himself as he said His End would prove as the greatest honour of his Family For this Blood Scotland hath since pretty well satisfied the Divine Justice I pray God it be yet fully expiated and attoned There escaped out of their clutches the Lord Ogleby the day before his designed Martyrdom disguised in his Sisters apparel To conclude these Funerals in Scotland Ferdinando Lord Fairfax Father to Sir Thomas the General whose Barony is Scotish dyed about the same time of a Gangrene occasioned by cutting a Corn on his toe and devolved that Honour to Sir Thomas In Ireland upon the advance of the Rebels in so formidable a posture against Dublin the Marquess of Ormond was forced to capitulate with the Parliament and in Iune according to agreement delivered that City to Colonel Iones and other Parliament-Commissioners who brought over with them 1000 Foot and 500 Horse and the Marquess came over into England and attended the King at Hampton-Court and in his removes with the Army with an account of Ireland till upon his going into the Isle of Wight he transported himself into France and from thence not long after back again into Ireland by the Kings Commission with the above mentioned Forces some recruits out of England and other broken Troops of the Marquesses amounting in all to 3000. Colonel Iones resolved to march against the Irish who under the Lord Preston within 12 miles of Dublin met him at a disadvantage and totally routed him killing many and taking some few prisoners the rest escaping with difficulty to Dublin The Parliament had undertaken the War and were therefore troubled at this unsuccessful beginning but they presently re-inforced Iones who taking courage met with the same Enemy again and neer Trim utterly defeated him crying over and above quits with him for his last defeat After his two Wings had discomfited the two Wings of the Irish by plain Valour their main Battle of 3000 Foot betook themselves to a Bog where the English followed and made great slaughter those that escaped thence the Horse killed This slaughter one of the greatest during all the War was reckoned just to 5470. The Commander of them with Preston hardly escaped and joyned with O Neal who lately had given a terrible defeat to the Scots in Vlster Upon this Victory twenty several places yielded themselves to Iones who omitted not to prosecute his success till the Winter summoned him to his quarters at Dublin Neer the same time the Lord Inchiqueen had a like good success in Munster against the Lord Taaf where he killed near 3000. But the Parliament designing to out him of his Command he being President of that Province and to confer it upon the Lord Lisle or Broghil to that purpose endeavouring to secure his person and convey him into England he declared against the Independent prevailing party in England and for a speedy composure with the King and forthwith joyned his Forces with the said Lord Taaf who with a part of that Catholick Army had declared solely for the King This spoiled all the Triumphs of Iones his Conquest and made the Parliament look about them Ireland being by this means further from being reduced than it was the first day of the Rebellion An enterprise Cromwel resolved to undertake when he had overcome the difficulties of his Invasion and Usurpation of the Government in England In the mean while a Treaty was set on foot by the Faction with O Neal and the Lord Inchiqueen's Commission taken away some of his Treacherous Officers put upon him to that purpose as Spies by the Parliament revealing and deposing his correspondencies with the Presbyterian party of the Parliament who were by the said Examinations sworn to have procured their pardon of the King to act for him for the future which Independent Fetch to beget a new impeachment bringing us back into England we proceed in the affairs thereof where we shall see the Scene altered the domineering Army and their Grandees at Derby-house which managed all seeking shelter for their outrages The House of Lords had scrupled the passing of the Votes of Non-addresses 10 against 10 but the Army quartering at the Mews and at White-Hall made them come to it whereupon the next day the Army gave them their Thanks and with those another piece of Journey-work which was comprised in a Message sent down from them to the Commons to desire their concurrence to the Engagement of those Members that fled to the Army to live and dye with the Army It was debated all day until 7 a clock at night and then the question put That this House doth approve the Subscription of the said Members to the said Engagement which was carried in the affirmative by 10 Voices To prosecute this project now that the Army was afraid of the Scots advance there being sufficient ground of quarrel as they had set forth in their Papers they would have the Parliament and City to own their late forcing of them if called to account for it see the base vicissitudes of Villany now insolent then most sordidly fearful Nor repeating all the Adjutators said to this subscribing the Engagement where they acknowledge That they Rule by Power onely and that the House of Commons is no longer theirs than they over-awe them and they fear the Critical day will come which will discover the Parliament to be no longer theirs than while they have a force upon it The Independent party Proposed to unite all Interests in the Houses City and Army and Cromwel made a Speech in Parliament to that purpose but was snapt up by a Member That they were chosen and trusted by the people to pursue one Common interest and Common good Safety and Liberty of the People and whosoever had any peculiar Interest eccentrick from that was not fit to Sit in that Assembly and deserved to be called to a strict account by those that trusted him And one of Cromwels Agents Mr. Glover was employed to the City on the same errand who offered them the release of their Aldermen then Prisoners and the setting up their Fosts and Chains upon a mutual agreement which the City likewise generously rejected as foreseeing the Scots Invasion and therefore denyed any correspondency with them upbraiding them with their past actions and reiterated Violences Cromwel was troubled at this rejectment but resuming his wonted impudence taxed his Agents by what Authority they had made that Overture who producing his own he falsly renounced it Yet the plot ceased not here his implacable malice cast about presently another way to
hope proving more and more vain so wretchedly stupid were the Londoners they marched into Essex and by the way seized upon the Arms and Ammunition that then lay in the Earl of Warwick's House at Leez as then in open hostility against the Prince and so further into the County until at last they setled in the Town of Colchester Fairfax understanding of this Go-by and their conjunction having dispatcht away Colonel Rich and Colonel Barkstead with their Regiments to reduce and free those Castles which the Kentish-men as aforesaid had taken with all hast passed his Army over at Gravesend to make the quicker pursuit after them having underhand received recruits and supplies both of men and money from Skippon to re-inforce him who every day privately listed men for the Service At Colchester the Lord Capel with some Horse of his own raising met him and a Troop of Veterane Royalists from London who fought their way at Epping with some Army-Horse laid to obstruct all additions from the City by that Road came also entire at the same time just as the Van of Fairfax his Army was Skirmishing at the Towns-end where they so peppered the Enemy that in great confusion he ran to the Body having had an Essay what Sparks he had to deal with Sir George Lisle was made Major-General of the Essex-Forces and the rest of the Army distributed into Regiments and distinct Commands and had their posts and places assigned them The Town was inconsiderable either in it self as being intenible and undefensive nothing but a Brest-work cast up about it and as to the adjacent parts of the County to receive any provisional relief or great Force into it so that there was no hopes of setling or planting in it for in all probability it was not thought possible to hold out a Month to an end nevertheless by their industry courage vigilance and patience it held out three compleatly against a victorious Enemy recruited as aforesaid and assisted with the Forces of the Neighbouring County of Suffolk on whom deservedly the slaughter principally fell for so basely engaging against whom they had promised to joyn with these Essex-Royalists Several attempts were made by Fairfax to take the place by Force and many Sallies were in requital made by the Besieged who both in assayling and defending did great Execution From the beginning to the ending of the Siege scarce a day passed without actions from within at first to fetch in Cattel then to cut Grass which was stained all over with Blood for the Besieged would have it who had now planted some Cannons upon St. Mary's-Steeple whence they cruelly annoyed the Leaguer Insomuch that Fairfax seeing the loss of his men and the courage of the Defendants gave over his resolution of Storming proceeding with his Approaches to begirt them close and fortifying his Camp to starve them and also to fire them out which forced the Besieged to burn the Suburbs that he intended for shelter but he possest the Lord Lucas his House Sir Charles his Brother and ruined it The provision they had in the Town besides what they fought for and brought in afterwards would not suffice for above a Month and all hopes were abandoned of getting in more yet the courageous and generous sufferance of these Loyal Souldiers resolved to undergo all misery rather than yield and so free the Army to march against the Scots who were now entred England upon the same account Their main support was the sauce and relish to their meat good store of Prunes and Plums with which the Town was stored that did a little palate their Hors-flesh to them which they were forced to kill and dress for their victuals a good while before their Surrender there was also some Corn which Sir Charles charitably distributed among the Towns-folk but the Souldiers borrowed it again in their extremity in which we must leave these Noble Gentlemen and take a view of other concurrent endeavours for the King and Kingdom The Fleet which the Parliament had stollen and debauched from their Duty by their first pretences perceiving that indeed they were but such and no more repenting of their past service did to satisfie for their former offences now turn sides and rendred themselves to the Prince now made Captain-General of His Fathers Forces The Parliament had some inkling thereof and therefore had Commissioned Colonel Rainsborough a Sea-man formerly to the Command thereof whom the Loyal Mariners fairly put on Shore having posed him with this Question of engaging for their Soverain and at the same time their former Vice-Admiral Sir William Batten now Knighted by the Prince being disbanded by the Independent Rulers as more honest than they would have him brought some other Ships to His Majesties Obedience With this Naval Force the Prince departed from Holland and came into Yarmouth-Road where it was deliberated whether he should land and attempt the Relief of Colchester There were then in company with Him His Illustrious Brother the Duke of York who in April before had happily escaped from St. Iames's where heâ was kept by the Earl of Northumberland his Guardian by the conduct of Colonel Bamfield who was employed therein by the Queen the Duke pretending to play in the dusk of the Evening was disguised in Maiden-habit and landed safely at Dort in Holland Prince Rupert the Earl of Brainford the Lords Hopton Wilmot Willougbby who had deserted the Parliament having been charged imprisoned and affronted by the Army and Culpeper and other Gentlemen but understanding that Colonel Scroop was attending thereabout they concluded it hazardous to venture the reputation of the Princes first Arms upon so well-appointed an Enemy and thereupon weighed Anchor and stood into the Downs The Navy consisted of 20 Ships of War most of the first and second Rate the other Frigats well manned and furnished which anchoring neer the Mouth of the Thames put the City into great fear no Ships possibly going in or out without the Princes permission a Hamborough-bound Ship richly laden being seized on by him In all haste thereâore the Parliament order their old Admiral Robert Rich Earl of Warwick to Equip another Fleet then in the River and to set to Sea hoping by his Authority and influence to reclaim their Revolters or if not upon the coming of more Ships from Portsmouth which accordingly joyned with him to fight the Prince In pursuance of this Command Warwick appears with his Fleet about Quinborough but for all his former indearedness to the Sea-men and their affection his Masters confided in he durst not engage lest a total defection might have ensued for the Mariners were grown sensible how Trade and consequently Navigation was decayed by the long continuance of the War and had more kindness besides for Batten than they had for the Earl which the Prince was sensible of and therefore in civil terms by a Message required him to submit
Lords and Commons c. That they are not satisfied in the Propositions made by his Majesty in his Letter and that a Letter be sent to the Commissioners in the Isle of Wight to acquaint them that the Houses do well approve of their proceedings and do give them thanks c. requiring them still to proceed punctually according to their Instructions The Sum of His Majesties Propositions was this He expressed his Consent to the Proemial or first Proposition of acknowledging his beginning the War that he might not by denying it be refused Peace but that his Consent not to be valid till all was concluded in the Treaty Concerning the Church he will Consent that the Calling and Sitting of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster be confirmed for three years by Act of Parliament and will by Act of Parliament confirm likewise the Directory for 3 years in England Ireland and Wales and the Form of Government by Presbyters for the same term Provided that his Majesty and those of his judgment and others who cannot in Conscience submit thereunto he not obliged to comply with it And that a free Consultation may be had with the Assembly of Divines in the mean time twenty of his Majesties nomination being added to them whereby it may be determined how after the said term by his Majesty and the Parliament the said Church Government and Publique Worship may be setled and the Articles of Christian Religion now delivered him may then be considered of and care taken for tender Consciences Concerning the Bishops Lands and Revenues and to the Contracts and Purchases of them His Majesty will Consent to an Act or Acts of Parliament for their satisfaction whereby the Legal Estates for Lives or for Years at their choice not exceeding ninety nine years shall be made of those Lands at the old or some more moderate rents which if it will not satisfie his Majesty will propound and consent to some other way Provided that the Propriety and Inheritance of those Lands do still remain in the Church according to the pious intentions of the Donors and the rest that shall be reserved to be for their maintenance His Majesty will give Consent for a Reformation viz. Observation of the Lords-day and such other things in these their Propositions as they have desired as also Consents to those Propositions against Papists But as to the Covenant his Majesty is not therein satisfied that he can either Signe or Swear it or Consent to impose it on the Consciences of others nor conceives it proper or useful at this time to be insisted on Touching the Militia his Majesty conceives that their Propositions demand a far larger Power over the persons of his Subjects than hath ever hitherto been warranted by the Laws and Statutes of the Realm yet considering the present distractions require more and trusting in his two Houses of Parliament that they will not abuse the Power hereby granted his Majesty will consent to an Act of Parliament wherein it shall be declared That for the space of ten years or during his Majesties whole Reign if they shall think it more satisfactory the two Houses shall have the sole disposal of the Militia and raise Mony as in their Propositions And that neither the King his Heirs or Successors or any other but such as shall act by the Authority or Approbation of the Lords and Commons shall during the space of ten years exercise any of the Powers aforesaid nor after that term without the Advice of the Lords and Commons And Consents to the entrusting the Militia into the Cities hands according to their Propositions Provided That all Patents Commissions and other Acts concerning the Premises be made and acted in his Majesties Name by Warrant signified by the Lords and Commons or such other as they shall authorize for that purpose Touching Ireland his Majesty leaves it to the Determination of his two Houses and will give his Consent as is herein hereafter expressed Touching Publick Debts his Majesty will give his Consent to such an Act for raising of Monies by general and equal Taxations for the payment and satisfying the Arrears of the Army and Publique Engagementss of the Kingdom as shall be agreed on by both Houses of Parliament and shall be ordered by them or their appointment within the space of one year after passing an Act for the same His Majesty will give Consent that all the Great Officers of State and Iudges for the said term of ten years be nominated by the Parliament to continue quamdiu se bene gesserint and in the intervals of Parliament to be nominated by such as they shall authorize His Majesty will Consent That the Militia of the City and Liberties thereof during the space of ten years may be in the ordering and Government of the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council assembled or such as they shall appoint whereof the Lord Major and the Sheriffs for the time being to be three to be employed and directed from time to time by the Parliament And that no Citizen shall be drawn forth into the Field without his own consent And an Act be passed for granting and confirming the Charters Customs c thereof And that during the said ten years the Tower of London may be in the Government of the City of London and the Chief Officers thereof during the said space to be nominated and removeable by the Common-Council as was desired in the Propositions His Majesty having thus far expressed his Consent for the present satisfaction and securing of his two Houses of Parliament and those that have adhered unto them touching the four first Propositions and other the particulars before-specified as to all the rest of the Propositions delivered to him at Hampton-Court not referring to those âeads and to that of the Court of Wards since delivered as also to the remaining Propositions concerning Ireland His Majesty desires only when he shall come to Westminster personally to advise with his two Houses and to deliver his Opinion and Reasons of it which being done he will leave the whole matter of those remaining Propositions to the determination of his two Houses which shall prevail with him for his Consent accordingly And his Majesty doth for his own particular only propose that he may have liberty to repair forthwith to Westminster and be restored to a condition of absolute Freedom and Safety a thing which he shall never deny to any of his Subjects and to the possession of his Lands and Revenues and that an Act of Oblivion and Indemnity may pass to extend to all persons for all matters relating to the late unhappy differences which being agreed by his two Houses of Parliament his Majesty will be ready to make these his Concessions binding by giving them the force of Laws by his Royal assent Though these Condescentions nor indeed if they had been to the very letter of the
the antient Glory and Renown of this Nation be not buried in Irreligion and Fanatick Humour and that all Our Subjects to whom We are a Politick Parent may have such sober thoughts as to seek their Peace in the Orthodox Profession of the Christian Religion as it was established since the Reformation in this Kingdom and not in new Revelations and that the antient Laws with the Interpretation according to known Practices may once again be a hedge about them that You may in due time Govern and they be Governed as in the fear of the Lord. The Commissioners are gone the Corn is now on the Ground We expect the Harvest if the Fruit be Peace we hope the God of Peace will in time reduce all to Truth and Order again which that he may do is the Prayer of C. R. With this his Majesties final account of this unconsummated Treaty I will conclude all his State-Missives and Papers the justice and reasonableness whereof no doubt will be so convincing that there needed no other Pen to assert his Quarrel As he was the chief Subject of this History so was he the Life of it affording it the greatest light of Truth towards its composition so that these his happy Labours shall perpetuate his just Renown and make his Moral and intellectual Virtues endure together enshrined in the hearts of pious Posterity To contribute whereto as far as my humble devoir would reach I have made these Collections and so with reverential leave to their blessed Author I proceed in this Chronicle In pursuance of that accursed Remonstrance presented the 20 of November aforesaid Cromwel drew the Army into the Suburbs of London quartering them at the Mews and at York-house and afterwards into London it self the General quartering himself at Whitehall to keep the King out in defiance of the Treaty with a resolution to awe the Parliament into a non-compliance with his Majesty whose great and most reasonable Arguments for a Composure and his un-exampled Condescentions in order thereunto they could neither fairly refel or honestly refuse But notwithstanding such was the justice of God in favour of his Majesties Cause that the Parliament who had so obstinately and dilatorily to the ruine of the Kingdom rejected all his other Accommodations closed with him now For upon the 4th of December the Question being put in the House of Commons Whether the Kings Answer was satisfactory or no though the Army-party argued that they were not satisfactory because the King had not granted all their Propositions in terms contrary to the nature of all Treaties where something must be bated on both parts and so kept the business in question until 8 a Clock at night next day being Tuesday the 5âh of December the Independents hoping by their usual trick to tire out the moderate Party it was then Resolved That the Answers of the King to the Propositions of both Houses are a Ground for both Houses to proceed upon for the Settlement of the Peace of the Kingdom This being carried Affirmatively and that so clearly that the House was not divided about it to secure this Vote and the earnest of a Peace a Committee of six Members was appointed to attend the General to keep a good Correspondencie c. but we shall now see Hell broke loose in the Armes Insolencies and Violence For these Caitiffs understanding the courage and honesty of the House resolved to play no longer with the weak Reed of Priviledge but with a bold Sword to solve the Oracle of their Villanies in thâsâ ensuing complicated mischiefs To this purpose Pride Hewson and other Officers having had some Conference in Westminster Hall the Doors being shut with the Speaker sent in a Paper to the House of Commons Requiring the Impeached Members and Major-General Brown as guilty of calling in Hamilton to be secured and brought to Iustice and that the ninety and odd Members who refused to Vote against the late Scoâch Engagement and all that Voted for recaling the four Votes of Non-Addresses and Voted for a Treaty and concurred in the Yesterday's acquiescing Vote in his Majesties Answers may be immediately suspended the House and that all such faithful Members who are innocent of those Votes would by Protestation acquit themselves from any concurrence that so they might know their own Goats and so be distinguished To this Paper they admitted no demur not caring for or not daigning them the consideration of an Answer but presently brought three or four Regiments of Horse and Foot and set strong Guards at the Houses-doors the Lobby-stairs and every where about the Palace admitting none but Parliament-men into the Hall where the said two Colonels and Sir Hardress Waller violently seized upon divers Knights and Burgesses of the Parliament and forcibly carried them away Prisoners others were by feigned excuses called out of the House and then pull'd away and committed likewise without any Warrant or cause shewn And though the House remaining sent the Serjeant of Mace to command their attendance when Pride would not suffer him to pass and sent likewise to the General about it declaring they would not proceed in any business without them yet the secured Members were still kept indurance while the Rump or Conventicle became of the Armies Complexion and so prevaricated and deserted their Fellows The Gentlemen thus detained were afterwards listed in a Catalogue by Hugh Peters and carried to a Victualling-place called Hell being number 41. where they were kept without Beds or other fitting accommodation all that night and the next day after a tedious attendance on the Council of Officers were committed Prisoners under Guard to two several Inns in the Strand Besides these the Belial Commanders standing several days with Lists of Names in their hands at the Parliament-door turned back from the House and debarred above 160 other Members besides 40 more who voluntarily withdrew to avoid their violence Most of those 41 Members were after much expostulation and their Protestation of this Force upon them and the Houses released Ireton insolently bidding them to look to themselves and to act nothing against the present Parliament and Army at their peril But Major-General Brown was sent Prisoner to St. Iames's where they would have put a trick upon him by a forged Letter brought thither and delivered him which he understanding their Plot would have publikely read as from the Prince The Messenger seeing his Project would not take threw the Paper into the fire and escaped as was forelaid He was afterwards sent prisoner to Windsor The remaining Juncto having met and conferred at Sommetset-house began to act at Westminster as a Parliament with whom some fawning Lords joyned and Passed an Ordinance Declaring all persons that had any way appeared for the King even by Subscribing to the personal Treaty should be incapable c. whereby the City could not find men to supply those Trusts and Places c. and
Petitioned against it but in vain the Sectaries had packt a new Common-council by Authority from the Juncto who constituted aây 40 of them a Court and supreme to the Mayor whose first work was the framing a Petition for Justice against the King and other Capital Offenders which was afterwards delivered by Titchburn and had the thanks of the Mock-Parliament for their pains who now entred a Protestation against that satisfactory Vote of the 5th of December aforesaid and pursue the Dictates and Directions of the Army A little while before this Colonel Rainsborough was slain at Doncaster by a party of Royalists that âallied out of Pomfract then besieged by Sir Edward Rhodes and the County-Forces as he was in his Inn and his Souldiers about him under a pretence of delivering him a Letter from Crowel They would have only taken him prisoner and carried him through his own Leaguer into their Castle but he refusing they pistoled him in his Chamber and departed untoucht A strange yet brave Adventure Scarbrough-Castle now likewise yielded to the Parliament whom we will leave and see the Armies like violence and outrages upon the King Colonel Ewres was appointed by the Parliament to this Service who assisted by Colonel Cobbet on the first of Decemb. according to Command received from Hammond the person of the King and hurried him out of that Isle away prisoner to Hurst-Castle within the term of those 20 days after the Treaty in which he was to remain according to the Houses Declaration in Honour Safety and Freedom This Castle stands a mile and a half in the Sea upon a Breach full of mud and stinking oaze upon low Tides having no fresh water within two or three miles of it so cold foggy and noysome that the Guards cannot endure it without shifting Quarters Here they frayed the King a while till Harrison was on his way to receive him who brought him to Winchester where the Mayor and Inhabitants caused the Bells to ring and at the Towns-end as was due and usual in the middle of the mire presented his Majesty with the Keys of the City and the Mace but in the very Ceremony were tumbled in the same mire by the Horse at the Command of Harrison The next day the King came to Farnham and so to Windsor where he kept his sorrowful and last Christmass being pent up in a corner of the Castle no man besides his Guards to come to him and all respect and reverence to his Person forborn while by Order of the Juncto he was sent for up to his Palace of St. Iames's Harrison impudently riding covered in the same Coach with him and his Myrmidons wounding any that shewed their Loyal Compassion and lamented this miserable condition of their beloved Sovereign In which we must leave him and return to our Grandees These offals of a Parliament having by an Ordinance taken away the Oaths of Supremacie and Allegeance usually administred to Freemen c. thereby to free themselves from those ties of Duty upon them and to make way for their ensuing Trayterous designe in order whereunto the Council of War had forbid any Ceremony or State to be used to the King and his Attendants lessened now proceeded roundly to their Army Journey-work for on the 28 of December Thomas Scot brought in the Ordinance for Trial of the King it was read and recommitted three several times and the Commissioners names of all sorts to engage the whole Body of the Kingdom in this Treason inserted and to give it a Foundation these Votes passed That the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament dâ Declare and Adjudge that by the Fundamental Laws of the Realm it is Treason in the King of England for the time to come to Levy War against the Parliament and Kingdom of England With this Declaratory Vote the said Ordinance was carried up to the Lords by the Lord Gray of Grooby Ianuary 2. 1648. The Lords being 16 in number met that day and received it promising to send an Answer by Messengers of their own The first Question started by some Lords who had rather had a thinner House was Whether it should be presently debated which was affirmed The first Debate was upon the Declaratory Vote to which the Earl of Manchester said That the Parliament of England by the Fundamental Laws consisted of three Estates King Lords and Commons whereof the King is the first and chiefest He Calls and Dissolves Parliaments and without him there can be no Parliament and therefore it 's absurd to say the King can be a Traytor against the Parliament Then the Earl of Northumberland added That the greatest part at least twenty to one of the people of England were not yet satisfied whether the King Levied War first against the Houses or the Houses against him And if the King did Levy War first against the Houses there is no Law to make it Treason in him And for them to declare Treason by an Ordinance when the matter of Fact is not proved nor any Law extant to judge it by is very unreasonable The Earls of Pembroke and Denbigh said they would be torn in pieces before they would assent with the Commons so the Lords cast off the Debate and cast out the Ordinance and adjourned for seven days This netled the Commons who thereupon resolved to rid their hands of King Lords and their Fellow-Commons together by a leading Vote That all Members of Committees should proceed and act in any Ordinance wherein the Lords were joyned though the Peers should not Sit nor concur with them And added thereunto three other Democratical Resolves Ian. 4. 1648. 1. That the People are under God the Original of all just Power 2. That the Commons of England in Parliament Assembled chosen by and Representing the People have the Supreme Power of the Nation 3. That whatsoever is enacted or declared for Law by the House of Commons Assembled in Parliament hath the force of Law Which passed without one Negative Voice which shewed at whose beck they were And thus first they hatcht this Monster called An Act for the Trial of the King c. which is here transcribed transferring the names of the Commissioners to their ensuing Character An Act of Parliament of the House of Commons for Trial of Charles Stuart King of England WHereas it is notorious that Charles Stuart the now King of England not content with the many Encroachments which his Predecessors had made upon the People in their Rights and Freedom hath had a wicked designe to subvert the Antient and Fundamental Laws and Liberties of this Nation and in their place to introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government and that besides all other evil ways to bring his designe to pass he hath prosecuted it with Fire and Sword levied and maintained a Civil War in the Land against the Parliament and Kingdom whereby this Country hath been miserably
having been a traveller and no doubt Jesuitically affected as he made more visibly manifest in the practise of their Doctrine of Regicide â William Cawley a Brewer of Chichester and returned for a recruit of the Long-Parliament could not for Trade-sake but concur with his Brethren Oliver Cromwel and Thomas Scot. â Nicholas Love Doctor Love's Son of Winchester Chamber-fellow with the Speaker Lenthall made one of the six Clerks of Chancery in Master Penrudducks place a violent Enemy against the King and his Friends from the very beginning of our Troubles and an Army-partaker in this horrible Act. â Iohn Dixwell a recruit of the Long-Parliament for Dover Colonel and Governour of Dover-Castle one so far obliged to them for their promotion of him that he could do no less for them than assist them in this grand Conspiracy against the King â Daniel Blagrave a recruit also for Reading in Bark-shire of a small but competent Fortune there to have kept him guiltless of this great offence â Daniel Broughton a Clerk bred up among Committees in the War and preferred therefore at last to be chief Scribe to this Pharisaical murderous crue of the High Court of Justice â Edward Dendy Serjeant at Arms to the said Court who had outed his Father from the employment of the Mace before no wonder such a Rebel to his Father should prove a parricide to his Prince These following being of the Kings Iudges but recanting were pardoned or otherwise mulcted and punished Col. Iohn Hutchison who both Sentenced and Signed to his Majesties Execution by a timely repentance which he publikely testified by tears obtained his pardon being onely discharged the House of Commons and all future Trusts and fined a years profit of his Estate to the King Col. Francis Lassels a York-shire man who sate once but neither Sentenced nor Signed was mulcted accordingly as Colonel Hutchison having alike given proof his sorrow and detestation of that monstrous Fact William Lord Munson Iames Challoner Esq. deceased in the Tower Sir Hen. Mildmay Robert Wallop Esq. Sir Iames Harrington and Iohn Phelps another of the Clerks for sitting in the said pretended High Court of Iustice were by Act of Parliament deprived of their Estates and ordered to be drawn to Tiburn in Sledges with Ropes about their Necks as Traytors are used and so back again to the Tower there to be imprisoned during their natural Lives This is the perfect Catalogue and Character of these unfortunate men who in obedience to the said pretended Act or rather out of dread of Cromwel and his Red-coats though some others named in the said Act wisely withdrew themselves met according to appointment in Westminster-hall having adjourned thither from the Painted-Chamber where they had chosen Serjeant Bradshaw for their Bold President and had made Proclamation at the Palace-gate and in London for the Witnesses whom they had raked out of the refuse and most perdite sort of the People to be ready there with their evidence which Witnesses were numbered to near 40. So much for the preparation come we now to the perpetration The High Court of Iustice. On Saturday being the twentieth day of Ianuary 1648. Bradshaw President of the High Court of Iustice with about seventy of the Members of the said Court having Colonel Fox and sixteen Fellows with Partizans and a Sword born by Colonel Humphrey and a Mace by Serjeant Dendy with their and other Officers of the said Court marching before them came to the place ordered to be prepared for their sitting at the West-end of the great Hall in Westminster where the President in a Crimson-Velvet Chair fixed in the midst of the Court placed himself having a Desk with a Crimson-Velvet Cushion before him The rest of the Members placing themselves on each side of him upon the several seats or benches prepared and hung with Scarlet for that purpose and the Partizans dividing themselves on each side of the Court before them The Court being thus set and Silence made the Great Gate of the said Hall was set open to the end that all persons without exception desirous to see or hear might come into it upon which the Hall was presently filled and Silence again ordered This done Colonel Thomlinson who had the charge of the King as a Prisoner was commanded to bring him to the Court who within a quarter of an hours space brought him attended with about twenty Officers with Partizans marching before him there being Colonel Hacker and other Guard-men to whose care and custody he was then committed marching in his Rear Being thus brought up within the face of the Court the Serjeant at Arms with his Mace received and conducted him streight to the Bar where a Crimson-Velvet Chair was set for the King After a stern looking upon the Court and the people in the Galleries on each side of him he placed himself not at all moving his Hat or otherwise shewing the least respect to the Court but presently rose up again and turned about looking downwards upon the Guards placed on the left side and on the multitude of Spectators on the right side of the said great Hall After Silence made among the people the Act of Parliament for the Trying of Charles Stuart King of England was read over by the Clerk of the Court who sate on one side of the Table covered with a rich Turkey-carpet and placed at the feet of the said President upon which Table was also laid the Sword and Mace After reading the said Act the several names of the Commissioners were called over every one who was present rising up and answering to his call The King having again placed himself in his Chair with his face towards the Court Silence being again ordered the President stood up and said President Charles Stuart King of England The Commons of England Assembled in Parliament being deeply sensible of the Calamities that have been brought upon this Nation which is fixed upon you as the principal Author of it have resolved to make inquisition for Blood and according to that debt and duty they owe to Iustice to God the Kingdom and themselves and according to the Fundamental Power that rests in themselves They have resolved to bring you to Tryal and Iudgement and for that purpose have constituted this High Court of Justice before which you are brought This said Cook Sollicitor-General of the Commonwealth standing within a Bar on the right hand of the King offered to speak but the King having a staff in his hand held it up and laid it upon the said Cooks shoulder two or three times bidding him hold Nevertheless the President ordering him to go on he said Cook My Lord I am commanded to charge Charles Stuart King of England in the name of the Commons of England with Treason and high Misdemeanors I desire the said Charge may be read The said Charge
of the people let all England and the World Iudge King Sir under favour it was the Liberty Freedom and Laws of the Subject that ever I took defended my self with Arms I never took up Arms against the people but for my people and the Laws President The command of the Court must be obeyed no answer will be given to the Charge King Well Sir Then the President ordered the default to be recorded and the contempt of the Court and that no Answer would be given to the Charge And so the King was guarded forth to Sir Robert Cotton's house Then the Court adjourned to the Painted-chamber on Tuesday at twelve a clock and from thence they adjourned again to Westminster-hall at which time all persons concerned were to give their attendance At the High Court of Iustice sitting in Westminster-hall Tuesday January 23. 1648. O yes made Silence commanded The Court called seventy three persons present The King came in with his Guard looking with an austere countenance upon the Court and sate down Cook Sollicitor-General May it please your Lordship my Lord President This is now the third time that by the great grace and favour of this high Court the Prisoner hath been brought to the Bar before any Issue joyned in the Cause My Lord I did at the first Court Exhibit a Charge against him c. My Lord after this great delay of Justice I shall now humbly move your Lordship for speedy Judgment against him My Lord I might press your Lordship upon the whole according to the known Rules of the Law of the Land That if a Prisoner shall stand as contumacious in contempt and shall not put in an Issuable Plea Guilty or not Guilty of the Charge given against him whereby he may come to a fair Tryal that as by an implicite Confession it may be taken pro confesso as it hath been done to those who have deserved more fâvour than the Prisoner at the Bar has done but besides my Lord I shall humbly press your Lordship upon the whole Fact The House of Commons the supreme Authority and Jurisdiction of the Kingdom they have Declared that it is notorious that the matter of the Charge is true as it is in truth my Lord as clear as Crystal and as the Sun that shines at Noon-day which if your Lordship and the Court be not satisfied in I have notwithstanding on the People of Englands behalf several Witnesses to produce And thereâore I do humbly pray and yet I must confess it is not so much I as the ânnocent Blood that hath been shed the cry whereof is very great for Justice and Judgement and therefore I do humbly pray that speedy Judgement be pronounced against the prisoner at the Bar. President Sir you have heard what is moved by the Counsel on the behalf of the Kingdom against you Sir you may well remember and if you do not the Court cannot forget what Dilatory dealings the Court hath found at your hands You were told that it was not for you nor any other man to dispute the Jurisdiction of the Supreme and highest Authority of England from which there is no appeal and touching which there must be no dispute yet you did persist in such carriage as you gave no manner of obedience nor did you acknowledge any Authority in them nor the High Court that constituted this Court of Justice Sir I must let you know from the Court that they are very sensible of these delays of yours and that they ought not being thus Authorized by the Supreme Court of England to be thus trifled withal and that they might in Iustice if they pleased and according to the Rules of Iustice take advantage of the delays and proceed to pronounce Iudgement against you yet nevertheless they are pleased to give direction and on their behalfs I do require you that you make a positive Answer unto this Charge that is against you Sir in plain terms for Iustice knows no respect of persons you are to give your positive and final Answer in plain English whether you be Guilty or not Guilty of these Treasons laid to your charge The King after a little pause said When I was here yesterday I did desire to speak for the Liberties of the people of England I was interrupted I desire to know yet whether I may speak freely or not President Sir you have heard the resolution of the Court upon the like Question the last day and you were told that having such a Charge of so high a Nature against you and your Work was that you ought to acknowledge the Iurisdiction of the Court And to Answer to your Charge Sir if you Answer to your Charge which the Court gives you leave now to do though they might have taken the advantage of your contempt yet if you be able to Answer to your Charge when you have once Answered you shall be heard at large make the best Defence you can But Sir I must let you know from the Court at their commands that you are not to be permitted to issue out into other discourses till such time as you have given a positive Answer concerning the Matter that is Charged upon you King For the Charge I value it not a Rush it is the Liberty of the People of England that I stand for for me to acknowledge a new Court that I never heard of before I that am your King that should be an example to all the people of England to uphold Justice to maintain the old Laws indeed I do not know how to do it you spoke very well the first day that I came here on Saturday of the Obligations that I had laid upon me by God to the maintenance of the Liberties of my people The same Obligation you spake of I do acknowledge to God that I owe to Him and to my people to defend as much as in me lies the antient Laws of the Kingdom therefore until I may ânow that this is not against the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom by your fâvoâr I can put in no particular Answer If you will give me time I will then shew you my Reasons why I cannot do it and this Here being interrupted he said Bâ your favour you ought not to interrupt me how I came here I know noâ thâre's no Law for it to make your King your Prisoner I was lately in a Treaty up on the publike Faith of the Kingdom that was the known the two Houses of Parliament that was the Representative of the Kingdom and when that I had almost made an end of the Treaty then I was hurried away and brought hither and therefore Here the President interrupted him and said Sir you must know the pleasure of the Court. King By your favour Sir President Nay Sir by your favour you may not be permitted to fall into these discourses you appear as a Delinquent you have not acknowledged
Sir That which you now tender is to have another Iurisdiction and a co-ordinate Jurisdiction I know very well you express your self Sir that notwithstanding what you will offer to the Lords and Commons in the Painted-Chamber you would nevertheless proceed on here Sir because you shall know the further pleasure of the Court upon that which you have moved the Court will withdraw for a time King Shall I withdraw President Sir you shall know the pleasure of the Court presently The Court withdrew for half an hour into the Court of Wards Then the Court commanded the Serjeant at Arms to withdraw the King and to expect order for his return again The Court withdrew for half an hour and returned this withdrawing was occasioned by the importunacy and disturbance of Colonel Downs who sate next to Cromwel but Downs was quickly quieted being awed by Cromwel during this short stay President Serjeant at Arms send for your Prisoner Sir their withdrawing and adjournment was pro forma tantum for it did not seem to them that there was any difficulty in the thing the Court is now resolved to proceed King Sir I know it is in vain for me to dispute I am no Sceptick for to deny the power that you have I know that you have power enough Sir I confess I think it would have been for the Kingdoms Peace if you would have taken the pains to have shown the lawfulness of your power For this delay that I have desired I confess it is a delay but very important for the Peace of the Kingdom for it is not my person that I look on alone it is the Kingdoms welfare and the Kingdoms Peace it is an old sentence That we should think on long before we have resolved of great matters suddenly Therefore Sir I do say again that I do put at your doors all the inconveniency of an hasty Sentence I confess I have been here now I think this week this day eight days was the day I came here first but a little delay of a day or two further may give peace whereas an Hâsty Iudgement may bring on that trouble and perpetual inconveniency to the Kingdom that the Child that is unborn may repent it and therefore again out of the Duty I owe to God and to my Country I do desire that I may be heard by the Lords and Commons in the Painted-Chamber or any other Chamber that you will appoint me President The Court will proceed King I say this Sir That if you will hear me I doubt not but I shall give some satisfaction to you all here and to my people after that and therefore I do require you as you will answer it at the dreadful day of Judgement that you will consider it once again President Sir I have received direction from the Court. King Well Sir President If this must be re-enforc'd or any thing of this nature your Answer must be the same and they will proceed to Sentence if you have nothing more to say King I have nothing more to say but I shall desire that this may be entred what I have said President The Court then Sir hath something to say to you which although I know it will be very unacceptable yet notwithstanding they are willing and are resolved to discharge their Duty and so proceeded by way of âiery how other Nations in all times had taken the same course with their Kings and Princes deposing and executing of them especially and more frequently in the Kings Native Realm of Scotland mis-citing and wresting and abusing the truth of History to varnish the Rhapsody and Treason of this lying Harangue of all which one most remarkable paragraph as noted by the King himself with an admiration is here inserted Sir That that we are now upon by the command of the highest Court hath been and is to Try and Iudge you for those great offences of yours Sir the Charge hath called you Tyrant a Traytor a Murtherer and a publike Enemy to the Commonwealth of England Sir it had been well if any of all these terms rightly and justly might have been spared if any one of them at all King Ha! President To do Iustice Impartially and even upon You is all our Resolutions Sir I say for your self we do âeartily wish and desire that God would be pleased to give you a sense of your sins that you would see wherein you have done amiss that you may cry unto him that God would deliver you from Blood guiltiness A good King was once guilty of that particular thing and was clear otherwise saving in the matter of Uriah Truly Sir the story tells us that he was a repentant King and it signifies enough that he had died for it but that God was pleased to accept of him and to give him his pardon Thou shalt not dye but the Child shall dye thou hast given cause to the enemies of God to blaspheme King I would desire onely one word before you give Sentence and that is That you would hear me concerning those great Imputations that you have laid to my charge President Sir You must give me leave to go on for I am not far from your Sentence and your time is now past King But I shall desire you will hear me a few words to you for truly what ever Sentence you will put upon me in respect of those heavy Imputations I see by your speech you have put upon me that I Sir it is very true that President Sir I must put you in minde truly Sir I would not willingly at this time especially interrupt you in any thing you have to say that is proper for us to admit of but Sir you have not owned us as a Court and you look upon us as a sort of people met together and we know what Language we receive from your party King I know nothing of that President You dis-avow us as a Court and therefore for you to address your self to us and not to acknowledge us as a Court to judge of what you say it is not to be permitted and the truth is all along from the first time you were pleased to dis-avow and disown us the Court needed not to have heard you one word for unless they be acknowledged a Court and engaged it is not proper for you to speak Sir we have given you too much liberty already and admitted of too much delay c. The President commands the Sentence to be read Make an O Yes and command Silence while the Sentence is read O Yes made Silence commanded The Clerk read the Sentence which was drawn up in Parchment Whereas the Commons of England in Parliament have appointed them an high Court of Iustice for the Trying of Charles Stuart King of England before whom he had been three times convented and at first time a Charge of high Treason and other Crimes and Misdemeanours was read in the behalf of the
State-affairs to the settlement of the Nation and their Message to that purpose they had scornfully rejected not looking upon them as a part of the people but at one blow and with the breath of one Vote which imported that the House of Lords were useless and dangerous and so ought to be abolished they laid them aside having given order for an Act to be drawn up accordingly yet so far indulging their Honours the favour of any mean Subjects priviledge to be Elected either Knight or Burgess to serve in their House Against this civil and political Execution came forthwith likewise a Declaration and Protestation dated February the 8. in the name of the Nobility braving them with their illegal Trayterous Barbarous and bold saucy Usurpation with other arguments mingled with threats menaces invectives which will be too tedious to recite And indeed it was to little purpose then for it was too late to argue with or to Vapour against those men who were so Fortified in their new Empire by a so numerous and potent and well-paid Army Something might have been done when this Cockatrice was a hatching but now its angry looks were enough to kill those that enviously beheld it And to let them see how little they valued and how slightly they thought of the injury the Peers so highly urged they with the same easie demolition of Kingly-Government by a Vote that it is unnecessary burdensome and dangerous overwhelm the whole Fabrick together bidding them seek a place to erect their Monumental Lordships and Honour was never yet so neer a shaddow Now that they were thus possest of the whole entire Power and Authority for the better-exercise thereof and the speedier fruition of the sweets thereof they agree to part and divide the Province the Government among them To this end they concluded to erect an Athenian Tyranny of some 40 of them under the Name and Title of a Council of State to whom the Executive part of their Power should be committed while the Parliament as they called their Worships should exercise onely the Judicatory part thereof and so between them make quick work of their business in confounding and ruining the Kingdom And that they might likewise appear to the people as great preservers of the Laws and to study their weal in the due aministration of Justice their next care was for drawing up Commissions for the Judges which ran in the new stile of the Keepers of the Liberties of England by Authority of Parliament and to that purpose a Conference was had by a Committee with the Judges about it six whereof agreed to hold upon a Proviso to be made by an Act of the House of Commons that the Fundamental Laws should not be abolished a very weak security but that it met with strong and prepared confidence these were Lord Chief Justice Rolls and Justice Iermyn of the Kings-Bench Chief Justice Saint-Iohn and Justice Pheasant of the Common-Pleas and Chief Justice Wilde how he was made so Captain Burleigh tells us and Baron Yates the other six refused as knowing the Laws and the present Anarchy were incompatible and incapable of any expedient to sute them together But the one half was very fair and served to keep the Lawyers in practice and from dashing at their illegal Authority In pursuance of that promise made to those Judges that held and to deceive and cologne the people they Passed a Declaration That they were fully resolved to maintain and would uphold and maintain preserve and keep the Fundamental Laws of the Nation as to the preservation of the Lives Liberties and Properties of the People with all things incident thereunto saving those alterations concerning the King and House of Lords already made And yet notwithstanding they at the same time were Erecting High Courts of Justice impressed Sea-men and levied illegal Taxes by Souldiers and many other Enormities But it seems those Judges were content with the preservation of the litigious part of the Law extending this Proviso no further than to the private disputes of Meum Tuum whilst this publike Monster swallowed all Having thus establisht themselves in the Civil Power with some face of a Democratical Authority they proceeded to other Acts of State to give reputation to themselves and strength to their Government the first whereof was their Voting a New stamp for Coyn whereby their Soveraignty might be notified to all the world in the Trade and traffique thereof Next designing several Agents and Envoys to go to the Courts of Forrain Princes and there by their specious challenges and shews of Liberty and publike good the pretence of the Law of Nations peculiarly the Municipal Laws of this to palliate over the Justifie their unparallell'd proceedings against the King of which Messengers we shall presently speak And so we shall for a while leave these Usurpers amidst the several Complements given them by way of Salutation from the Army and Sectarian party under the yet-continued Notion of the Godly who forsooth highly magnified their Justice in this and urged them in their Addresses to extend it further About this time the Parliament Nulled the Monthly Fast on Wednesday which had continued through all the War thinking to impose upon the people as if God had answered all their prayers in that Murther of the King and that the work of Reformation was now accomplished It was high time therefore for such of the Kings party as were in their hands to look about them for besides the rise and most certain rumour of a general Massacre intended against the whole which was debated at a Council of War and carried but by two Votes they had special information of proceedings to be had against them in the same way of Tryal before a High Court of Justice First therefore Colonel Massey escapes away from Saint Iames's just upon the Kings Death next Sir Lewis Dives and Master Holden being brought to White-hall upon examination pretending to ease themselves got down the Common-shore to the Water-side and escaped leaving their Warders in the lurch and to a vain research after them The Lord Capel likewise made a handsome escape out of the Tower but passing by Water to Lambeth in the Boat of one Davis a Water-man and unhappily and fatally casting out some words by way of enquiry of the said Lord the wicked villain suspecting the truth seized him at Lambeth from whence he was re-conveyed to the same Prison in order to his speedy Tryal his Betrayer being preferred by the Parliament became the scorn and contempt of every body and lived afterward in shame and misery And the Lord of Loughborough Brother to Ferdinando then Earl of Huntingdon famous for several Loyal Services but most maligned by the Parliament for the last effort thereof at Colchester gave them also the slip from Windsor-Castle where he and the Colonels Tuke Hamond and Francis Heath newly at liberty upon his parole to
the Execution of the like Condemnation as also did Sir Iohn Owen who with a Britain confidence denied every tittle of the Charge against him especially that part relating to the death or Master Loyd the Sheriff of Cardigan and came off with the same danger and the like success as the Lord preceding whose Fate being referred to the Parliament proved fortunate but by the decision of one Vote 24 to 24 being divided in the question of his life and as I Remember it was the saving double voice of Lenthall the Speaker Sir Iohn Owen was carried more affirmatively the rest all in the Negative being turned off with their Ladies and their Relations Petitions to the same High Court who to shew their civility more than their mercy were pleased to gratifie the Ladies with a respit of two days as long as their Commission and power lasted On the 9th of March the Duke the Earl of Holland and Lord Capel being guarded from Saint Iames's to Sir Robert Cottons House the next fatal Stage of late to the Scaffold were severally brought to the Palace-Yard through the Hall their Judges then sitting and looking fore-right upon their Execution The Duke ascended first and to give him his due he kept a good seeming decorum in his last words and actions The Earl of Holland succeeded to this bloody Theatre who very Christianly penitently and compassionately enough prepared him for his end justifying his honest intentions in that his first and last action for the King and intimating that Duty we all owed to our present Soveraign and so suffered for him But the Lord Capel like a true Christian Heroe as he came last so did he sum up all both in his Speech Countenance and Gestures that was good praise-worthy and generous in them both resolutely asserting his own actions his late Soveraigns Cause and his present Majesties Rights recommending him to his people as the great example of true English worth and as the onely hope of the Kingdom So as with Sampson he may be said to have done these Philistins more harm at his Death than in all his Life raising and renewing the desires of the people after so deserving a Prince This Tragedy being over they resume afresh the debate of what persons were yet within their Clutches any way obnoxious to their Cannibal-Idol of Justice who could not be pleased but with whole Hecatombs and therefore the Noble Sir Iohn Stowel and Judge Ienkins those Champions of Law and Loyalty with Captain Brown Bushell were next ordered to be put in that fatal List of Traytors against their Commonwealth the Marquess of Winchester and Bishop Wren who had lain prisoner from the beginning of our Troubles hardly escaping the like dangerous qualification which was upon a âorged information intended likewise against Major-General Brown and Sir Iohn Clotworthy and to that purpose the Case of all those secluded and thereafter imprisoned Members was ordered to a Committee to make a discrimination of their offences and render those two the most liable to their severity As for those who had escaped their hands by departing the Kingdom they satisfied their indignation by a decree of perpetual Banishment and present death upon the return of any so sentenced The chief of these besides the Kings Majesty whom God long preserve and the Duke of York c. were the Earl of Bristol the Duke of Buckingham the Lord Digby Lord Cottington Marquesses of Newcastle and Worcester Sir Edward Hide Lord Culpeper Lord Widdrington and some others who were very well satisfied they could do no more to them and were then following âhe hopeful fortunes of the King The rest of that unfortunate party were put to Ransome a Fine being set upon their Heads proportionable to their Estates to be paid within such times or else to be in the same predicament with the condemned Having thus made good their Conspiracy or by them stiled Agreement of bringing Delinquents to Justice that the exactness of their dire performances might credit thâir intentions and resolutions and make them seem to the Vulgar the most impartial lovers of their Lives and Liberties but rather of their Estates they proceeded in the political part of Government by filling up their Committee of Estates to the number of 41. who were ordered particularly to enter their Assent to whatsoever the Juncto had done in reference to the King and Lords before they should act in that Committee and Cromwel thereupon reported to the House being impowered by them that of that just number 22 had refused to engage as to what was past but would joyn with them for the future and acknowledge the Supreme Power to be vested in them There could no expedient be found to salve this sore so they were contented to cicatrize it and gently lay aside all disputes or further contrasts about it but though they past it without doors they would not so within but totally precluded any further pretences of the Members of taking their places in Parliament who in some numbers returned to Westminster for they Voted That all such as âad absented themselves from the 5 of December should not sit till further order which was never vouchsafed till such claimers had given evidence of their adherence and closing with them In this same Month to take away the same dignity and priviledge as the House of Lords was to them from the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen and to make the Government of London à la mode Democratical they ordered a Quorum of the Common-Council to act without the Lord Mayor or the said Aldermen if they should refuse to joyn with them and not long after to put another affront though distant some space of time being the 24 of March ensuing upon the Mayor they order him to proclaim their Act for abolishing Kingly Government which he disdainfully and generously refusing his Lady likewise not suffering their Messenger that brought it to drink in her House but bidding him return to his Masters for his Wages upon the report thereof by Alderman Atkins a Member of their House they Voted him Imprisonment in the Tower for two Months and to be degraded of his Honour and disfranchised and to pay 2000 l. to be distributed among the Poor of Westminster the Hamlets and Southwark which was rigidly levied and Alderman Andrews one of the Kings Judges was Elected in his place for whose choice at his presentment for their approbation the House gave the City thanks and ordered the Barons of the Exchequer to swear him in these words That he should be faithful to the Commonwealth as it was now established in the Government of the City where he in state Proclaimed the said Act though the people hooted and reviled it and cryed aloud God save the King and would have made worse work but that the Guards of Horse awed them Alderman Sir Thomas Soams and Alderman Chambers for absenting themselves and justifying their conscientious refusal
as from former Oaths were likewise degraded from their Dignity in the City Alderman Culham and Gibs excused themselves by business in the Country at the same time Aâ Exeter likewise the Mayor and Sheriffs refused to act or joyn in Commission with Baron Wilde sent down that Circuit and divers other places were very stiff in complyance with these new Masters but their Iron Bodies quickly brought them to perform those new Instructions the Parliament had given for altering the Patents and the Oaths of Sheriffs as in all Indictments a little before instead of Contra Coronam Dignitatem they had ordered it Contra Rempublicam pacem publicam and so Mutatis Mutandis To compleat the Martyrology of those that fell with and accompanied their Soveraign Colonel Laugâorn Colonel Powel and Colonel Poyer were now brought before a Court Martial for the Welch Insurrection at Saint Fagons and Pembroke where they were all three Condemned but at the importunity of their Wives and Friends the General was pleased to exempt two of them such as the Lot should spare which being delivered out of a Hat by a little Child fell upon Poyer his scroll of Paper being a Blank the other haâing written in it Life given by the Lord. Accordingly Poyer was Executed in Coâent-garden against Bedford-House-wall on the 25 of April where he died in some reluctancy but ought nevertheless to be numbred with other Loyal Sacrifices from whom therefore I could not though against order of time disjoyn him Nor indeed is the thred of this Chronicle possible to keep straight in such a diversity and multitude of transcurrencies which weave it up and down in the various confusions of this new-fashioned State but we shall now proceed more regularly Our Lords a Westminster having lickt their Cub into some form and shewed us a glimpse of its Complexion and how like it was to its monstrous Parent a Rebellion in the shapes ensuing Yet first we must Northward in our way to Scotland and behold Pomfret-Castle that had held out 9 Months now delivered after much debate to Major-General Lambert with this condition That Colonel Morris the Governour and five more should be exempted from Mercy but if they could escape any way they might attempt it betwixt the Agreement and the Surrender the Article to stand force otherwise to all purposes These six-divided themselves into two parties wherâof Morris Cornet Blackburn and another broke quite through the Leaguer but the other three were taken the rest of the Garrison had liberty to go home leaving two Months Provision and some Ammunition behind them Lambert was the willinger to give these terms for the easing of the Country which by reason of an Armies lying before it so long was wasted and exhausted of all provisions who to avoid the like future inconveniencies sollicited and procured the Demolition of that Castle which from the Grave of Richard the second became now the Sepulcher of departed Layalty whose last efforts Expired here as became the repository of a Princes Ashes and his Royal Manes There is something to be said in this place concerning the seizing of Lieutenant-Colonel Iohn Lilburn Master Walwyn Master Prince and others of the Levelling Faction which began now to shew it self in the same rise and danger to the Independent Faction as that did to the Presbyterian but we will take that story all together upon which account we refer the Reader likewise as to the sale of the Kings Goods Moveables and Houshouldstuff now condemned there to a more exact account in the year following which begins with the Scotch affairs Anno Dom. 1649. THe Estates and Parliament and the whole nation of Scotland having received Advertisement of the horrible Murther of the King to the impeding whereof they had used what endeavour they could by their Commissioners intermediation at London did with all manifestation and expressions of sorrow bewail and deplore his Death and on the 6 of February ensuing to testifie the truth of their constant Allegiance to the Crown did in most solemn manner Proclaim his Son King Charles the second at Edingburgh the Cross there being hung with Tapistry and the Parliament-Lords in their Robes the Chancellour himself reading the said Proclamation reciting the Murther of the King to the King at Arms and the night concluded with all usual Demonstrations of joy and gladness This being over the Estates sent an expostulatory Letter to their former Brethren at Westminster concerning their proceedings with the King and were in the mean time by Letters flattered with the cajole of good amity and friendship and other fineries from those Regicides with many other flams of advantage if they would concur with or acquieâce in what the Mogens of Independency had done in England But the passion of the Scot as seeing how his Countries Honour had been lost by the same Trayterous proffers boiled too high and would give no ear to such overtures nor would they enter into any Treaty with them nor own them directing their Messages to the Honourable William Lenthall Speaker of the House of Commons unless they were a free Parliaments consisting of both Houses without any force upon or seclusion of their Members The Scots were mainly intent upon another guess Treaty with the King and Sir Ioseph Douglas was ordered to be gone forthwith to give his Mejesty an account at the Hague what they had done and were preparing to do when on a sudden some of the Mackenzeys a great Sept in the North of Scotland and the Lord Freezer's Brother seized Innerness for the King and put them into perpleased Counsels about it The news whereof those at Westminster thought a good occaâion for them to lay hold upon in order to a rupture with their King and when that distemper came to the Head some of the Gourdens whose Father the Marquess of Huntly was Beheaded about the beginning of March when he died a resolute Royalist with Lieutenant-General Middleton who had made an escape from Barwick into those parts and the Lord Rea joyning with them they failed not of doing their devoir by offering their assistance and inceâsinâ the Scots against the King for whose sole sake they said all those Troubles wârâ and still were like to be raised and fomented but Colonel Ker and Straâghan defeating that party killing 400 and taking the Lord Rea and 800 Prisoners and Middleton submitting that disturbance ended and the Kingdom was again reduced into peace and quietness The Commissioners in the mean while were dispatched to the King being one Earl one Lord one Burgess and one Minister of which the Earl of Cassils was the chief and their Commissioners at London viz. the Earl of Lâthian Sir Iohn Cheisly and Master Glendonning remanded who having sent a peremptory Paper to the Juncto withdrew themselves privately intending to pass by Sea to Scotland but at Gravesend they were intercepted and by a Guard conveyed by
Popish and Nuntio Party under General O Neal very much perplex the hopes of these Affairs For this Nuntio Party had Excommunicated the Confederates which consisted of most of the old English Papists and some Irish who wisely foresaw their further obstinacy against the King or the Protestant Interest would finally give them up a prây to the English Usurpation which yet fatally evâned which had made an association by Cromwel's practâses with the said O Neal with Sir Charles-Coot and Colonel Monke then in Arms in Vlâter for the Parliament On the other side the Confederates had Proclaimed the Nuntio party Rebels and Traytors and were making ready to Reduce them by force Their strength and the Lord Inchiqueens with addâtions from the Marquess of Clanrickard and the Earl of Castlehaven being now joyned under the Command of the Marquess of Ormond though upon hard restrictions and conditions as it was very difficult for him to divide himself conveniently betwixt those two former opposite Interests the English undâr Inchiqueen grudging at the Exercise of the Romish Religion among the Irish and they at the constancy of the Englishes pay and contribution the Lord-Lieutenant had little else to do but onely go in and out before this Army without any power or Authority more than they themselves pleased to allow the source and occasion of all those mischiefs which thereafter followed thick upon these ill associated and misunderstanding parties For the Lord-Lieutenant having drawn down their united Bodies as soon as there was Forrage for his Horse and some advance-money in the beginning of the year 1649. to the reduction of Dublin having in vâin Courted Iones the Governour there and Owen O Neal to the Kings Obedience In the very entrance of the Expedition an ominous Rub befel him Inchiqueen's Forces would not march nor the Scotch Vlster Forces then advanced also to the aid of the said Union unanimously submit before the Lord Inchiqueen was Declared Lieutenant-General of the Army to the dissatisfaction of the Marquess of Clanrickard and the Earl of Castlehaven though the former made his merit and Honour presently yield to his Loyalty and the other very patiently for a while absented himself from the marching Army In the time that this was in doing the Lord-Lieutenant was also busied in Treating with and Courting Iones and Owen O Neal unto the Kings Obedience the first of which being as is believed corrupted by Cromwels bribes and large promises positively declined the Lord-Lieutenants favour as appears by their Printed Letters the latter having at last waved all things concerning Religion more than what was granted in the Peace insists finally upon the Command of 6000 Foot and â00 Horse together with those other conditions that since were granted him The Confederate Commissioners will permit his Excellency to allow him no more but 4000 Foot and 800 Horse which number they obstinately refused to exceed denying him also several other of his lââsâr demands whereupon O Neal seeing them willing to leave him quite out or to have him come in upon such terms as he judged inconsiderable they peradventure thinking themselvs able to do the work without him makes present application unto Monke and Iones either to be revenged upon the Commissioners the Lord Inchiqueen the Scots and all the rest that he conceived to oppose him or else as he afterwards said to make himself more considerable and thereby facilitate his conditions with them Whatsoever his motive was at last Colonel Monke makes an agreement with him in the name of the Parliament though they very wisely by Cromwels advice did afterwards think fit to disclaim it because of its ill aspect and odiousness to the English but acknowledged his faithfulness and well-meaning by a Vote to that purpose upon which score howsoever he assisted them all he could undertaking the Relief of Derry which he afterwards effected and notwithstanding that his Excellency during all this time was very sensible of the great consequence of Owen O Neal's coming in or standing out in order to the service or disservice of the King and that he looked upon the dispute of denying him the Command of 6000 men when they were content to intrust him with 4000 as a strange kinde of oversight in the Commissioners and the rest concurring with them the rather because he knew that by his standing out that accursed quarrel between the Kings and the Nuntios party not unlike that of the Guelphs and Gibbelines in Italy was kept on foot the refractory Clergy were countenanced and upheld in credit with the people and the great Cities were animated to refuse Garrisons to deny the payment of impositions and to disrespect both the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commissioners yet was it not in his power to help it by any means unless he would have broken Conditions with the Confederates which no consideration of any advantage how great soever could induce him to do Other difficulties overcome his Excellency makes directly for Dublin all the Garrisons in his way but Ballisanon by force or fair means surrendring unto him yet is he set forth so slenderly provided with money that neer Kildare the Army is ready to mutiny and fall to pieces for want of a very small sum had not a worthy person that was there but accidentally supplied them in that extremity This streight also being over-past and the Lord Inchiqueen's Forces being come wholly up they hold on for Dublin and compel Iones that was drawn out as far as the Naas with what strength he could make to interrupt them to retire into the Town whither being come at last and finding it competently well fortified and plentifully man'd both with Horse and Foot insomuch that it was judged no ways fit to hazard the Army upon a desperate assault and being not as yet a number able to invest the place especially whilst O Neal and Monke together with the Garrisons of Drogbeda and Trim lay so convenient to attempt upon them it was resolved that the Lord-Lieutenant should with the greatest part of his Army Encamp at Finglasse from thence to awe and distress the Town and be ready to countenance any stirs or revolts within whilst the Lord Inchiqueen with a great Body of Horse and above 2000 Foot endeavours to take in Trim and Drogbeda All this time his Excellency found great wants to encounter with his Provisions and Contributions coming in so slowly and disproportionably to the necessities of his Army and many Factions to compose and temper the Munster and the rest of the English Forces murmuring against the Liberty the Irish had there in the exercise of their Religion and the Irish again repining to see themselves murmured at but more especialy to see the English Munster-Forces though they were fewer in number and had Contributions of their own to swallow up both their Pay and Provisions also which though the rest of the Army did Petition against his Excellency could in no
followed him and yet inclined to assist him knowing the danger of the enterprse considering the fewness of his number and that his Souldiers were much undisciplined and unlike to the former with whom he had done so great things began to be averse and have a suspition of the event Yet have I heard some say which knew well enough the situation of that Country that if he had not been suppressed in the nick he might have gained such strength amongst the Hills as might have given him leisure enough to have strengthened his own Party and tired out the Enemy Howsoever he was not altogether unmindful of a retreat There is in that Country a Castle called Dumbath the Lord or Laird thereof is the head of a very Antient Family but no friend of the Marquesses This Gentleman having left his House in the keeping of his Lady and some servants fled to Edenburgh The Lady though the place was naturally fortified yet upon summons delivered it to Colonel Hurry who was sent thither by the Marquess with a party of Foot to reduce it upon conditions her Goods and Estate might be secured and she with her Servants suffered to march away Hurrey having placed a Governour and a Garrison as he thought sufficient for the defence of the place returned to the Marquess who was advanced to the place or neer it where he was to lose at one Throw both his Life and Fortune The Marquess hearing of the Enemies approach made his whole Forces March at a great Trot to recover a Pass which they were not very far from when he himself in the Van-guard discovered the first party which was Straughan's Forlorn-hope advancing very fast upon him So that these with their hasâe and the Soul diers running found them both out of Breath and Order The second Party was Commanded by Straughan himself and the Rear-guard by Colonel Ker for he had divided them into three Bodies But now the first party being very neer there was a Forlorn-hope of 100 Foot drawn out to meet them who giving fire upon them put them to a disorderly retreat but being immediately seconded by Straughan's Party they made good their Charge and so terrified the Islanders with that breach that most of them threw down their Arms and called for Quarter Onely the Dutch-companies after they had bestowed a Volley or two amongst the Horse retreated into some shrubs hard by and there very valiantly defended themselves a while but were all taken at last There were killed in this business to the number of 200. taken 1200 very few escaped For the whole Country being in Arms especially Sunderland-men who came not to the Fight but to the Execution they killed or took Prisoners all such as fled In that skirmish was taken the Standard which he had caused to be made on purpose to move the affections of the people with this Motto Iudge and revenge my Cause O Lord and the Portraict of the late King beheaded exactly well done The Standard-bearer a very gallant young Gentleman was killed after he had several times refused quarter there was Colonel Hurrey taken the Lord Frendraught Sir Francis Hay of Dalgetie Colonel Hay of Naughton Colonel Gray and most of the Officers and two Ministers The Marquess after he saw the day was absolutely lost threw away his Cloak which had the Star on it having received the Order of the Garter a little while before his Sword was likewise found and not very far off his Horse which he had forsaken For so soon as he had got clear off that ground where the Skirmish was he betook himself to foot and lighting upon one of that Country or one of his own Souldiers I know not whether took his Highland Apparel from him and so in that Habit conveyed himself away But such narrow search being made for him he could not long escape yet he continued in the open fields three or four days without any notice gotten of him At last the Laird of Aston being in Arms with some of his Tenants and abroad in that search happened on him He had been one of his followers before In that place he had continued three or four days without Meat or Drink with one onely man in his company The Marquess knowing him and believing to finde friendship at his hands willingly discovered himself but Aston not daring to conceal him and being greedy of the reward which was promised to the Apprehender by the Council of State seized upon him and disarmed him 'T is said he profered great sums for his Liberty which being in vain he desired to dye by the hands of those that took him rather than be made an object of misery and shame as he knew very well he should by his enraged Enemies But neither of his desires was granted but in place of them a strong Guard set on him and so conveyed to David Lesley Straughan having atchieved his business with great expedition and freed the State from this much-feared danger returned to Edenburgh leaving the rest of the business to Lesley and Holborn where he received great rewards and thanks for his Eminent Service not without the great heart-burning of David Lesley who seeing a rival risen up to his honour and one whom he lookt upon as an upstart Souldier have so great success fretted not a little Howsoever forwards he moves to accomplish the rest of the work which was now of no great consequence for there rested nothing within the Country but onely the Castle of Dumbath which being out of all hopes of relief after the defeat so soon as they were perfectly assured thereof by some Prisoners they knew yielded the Garrison The Governour was prisoner at mercy the Souldiers being Dutch were upon terms to return homewards There was nothing else to be done save the reducing of the Islands and the Town of Kirkwall in Orkney where Colonel Iohnson and Colonel Harry Graham were left when the Marquess passed over to Cathnes but Montross either because he could not spare any Souldiers or because he expected better success had left them almost naked though there were several places in those Isles which might have been made very Tenable Colonel Iohnson having had notice of the defeat with those that were with him took shipping and returned from whence he came so did Harry Graham likewise else both of them had tasted of the same sauce which their General did Thus Lesley's Forces entred without any resistance seized upon the Arms which Montross had brought thither together with two pieces of Ordnance the Queen of Swedens present the little Friggot of 16 Guns which lay in Harbour the Master of her being gon ashore into one of the Islands and the Company seeing the event of the business revolted and brought in that likewise The Victory being now compleat there was a solemn day of Thanksgiving appointed through the whole Kingdom Bonfires Shooting of Ordnance and other testimonies or joy
these though uncertain friends rather than expect it from so implacable an Enemy And in some sort it may be said that this overthrow did much serve to conciliate both interests for the Kirk could not now defend it self with its own Arms and was constrained to accept of help from those they had rejected so that the Earl of Cleaveland Lord Wilmot and other English Royalists we shall mention the Scotch by and by who were upon their departure none but the Duke of Buckingham and Colonel Massey Graves and Titus being permitted to stay now continued there so that the common voice then was that the King had lost nothing in the discomfiture of that Army of the Kirk The same day in the afternoon presently after this blow the Scots quitted Leith and Edenburgh whither old Leven got by nine of the clock Lesley at two and had packt up their Bag and Baggage and by Queens-ferry marched to Sterling Cromwel marched fast after them and the next day quartered at the two places aforesaid with a resolution to fortifie Leith Lieutenant-Colonel Paul Hobson being made Governour thereof and Colonel Overton of Edenburgh with his Brigade to secure it while the Army marched towards Sterling having received recruits by shipping from Dunbar Upon occasion of this Victory several Ministers in London of the Presbyterian way were summoned to appear Sept. 18 before the Committee of the Militia according as Cromwel had intimated in the before-recited Letter and charged to observe the Thanks-giving day the Parliament had appointed for this their great success in Scotland On the 14 of September General Cromwel marched out of Edenburgh with 7 days Provision for the Scots had not left any manner of subsistance betwixt that and Sterling and on the 15 reached beyond Linlithgow but through bad weather was constrained to retreat thither that night for shelter the 16 to Falkirk within a mile of Sterling from whence fresh Letters of the old strain were sent into that City but the Trumpeter was not suffered to enter whereupon Order was given for a Storm but upon better thoughts of the danger forborn so that on the 19 of September they returned to Linlithgow whither came General Dean to him from shipboard being newly arrived at Leith in the Speaker Frigot and fortified the Town being the Road-way betwixt Edenburgh and Sterling and a sufficient Garrison was left to maintain it and so on the 22 the English returned to Edenburgh where Colonel Whaley had offered the Ministers fled to the Castle leave to come out and Preach in their several Parishes but they refused Now was the time of the Independent Ecclesiastical Government for the Parliament would no longer halt between two opinions An Act was now published for relief of Religious and Peaceable people from the rigour of former Acts of Parliament whereby the compulsive Authority of Presbytery and its appurtenances of Lay Elders was quite annihilated and the Separatists and Sectaries were the onely Church countenanced then in London who to make themselves more considerable and in grateful acknowledgment to the Parliament raised one Regiment of Horse and another of Foot of well-affected persons to be ready upon all occasions for defence of the Commonwealth and marched in good equipage through the City to Hide-park being then made up three Regiments of Foot and two of Horse to the number of 8000. being led by Colonel then made Major-General Harrison Several other recruits for the Army were now drawn out of Colonel Barkstead's Regiment in the Tower and new men raised in divers Counties for the same service The Duke of York was now at the Hague from whence he went to Breda whereabout at a Town called Longstraet in Brabant His Brother the Prince of Aurange was raising of some Troops designed as it was thought for Scotland to be commanded by the Duke from whence a while after he passed to the Rhyne in Guelderland accompanied with some English Noble-men and Sir George Ratcliff Sir Iohn Byron and Sir Iohn Berkley and thence returned to the Hague where the Lords Iermyn and Seymor with Colonel Progers left him with the Piercy the Lord Culpeper taking his journey into the Dutchy of Cleve the Lord Cottington and Sir Edward Hide were at the same time at Madrid in Spain negotiating the Kings affairs at that Court where finding nothing but shews and temporary Counsels in relation to any assistance from thence they resolved to depart The Lord Goring was likewise newly come into the Low Countries Prince Rupert having disengaged himself of the English Fleet at Lisbon that had long blockt him up being now at Sea on the same coast of Spain on the beginning of November where at Velos and Malaga he had burnt five or six English ships advice hereof was presently given to General Blake then with the same Fleet hovering about that shore who on the 3 and 4 of November with some of his said ships first mastered the Robuck another of the Princes named the Black Prince of 44 Guns being ready to be boarded ran on shore and on the 5 of November four more ran a ground the Guns Tackle and Furniture of all which were then demanded of the King of Spain by Fisher the Parliaments Agent there and promised to be delivered as a pledge of that respect the King of Spain was now manifesting to the Authority of the Commonwealth of England Prince Rupert with the Reformation and his Brother Prince Maurice in the Swallow by good intelligence avoiding the same Fleet sail'd into the Adriatick Sea and refreshing themselves a while at Sicily when Blake sailed to the Isle of Majorca guessing that for their Rendezvouze put to Sea again and took an English ship called theâ Marmaduke laden from Archangel in Russia to Legorn with Caveer and Hides of a great value and with her sailed into Toulon and there exposed her to sale and âook up their remaining part of Winter in that station In requital of which eâtertainment the Parliament made seizure of several ships both of War and Merchandise belonging to the French Nation But before this loss came a greater to the King for it pleased God on the 16 of September to lessen the number of that sorrowful Family by the death of the Princess Elizabeth who died at Carisbroke-Castle having lain sick a fortnight she first complained of her Head after her coming from Bowls with her Brother the Duke of Gloucester and though little care was taken there the place affording no learned Physician yet Dr. Mayârn sent down some fitting Cordials but her grief was irremediable In October she was buried in the Church of Newport the Mayor and Aldermen attending her to her Grave This was seconded with the death of the Prince of Aurange who some while before having had several contests with the Burgermasters of some of the chief Cities of Holland and had designed the seizing of Amsterdam in order to the accomplishing his intentions
of reducing the stubborness of some of the principal there to their obedience in the discussing and conclusion of that affair as he was Hunting neer Arnhem a destemper seized him which turning to the Small Pox and a Flux of putrified blood falling upon his Lungs presently carried him away on the 17 of October not without suspition of Poison leaving behind him the Princess Royal neer her time who to the great joy of the Low Countries was delivâred of a young Prince on the 5 of November as a cordial to that immoderate grief Her Highness and her Family took from this sad providence the Prince being the most sincere and absolute friend his late and present Majesty found in the greatest difficulties of their affairs The War in Ireland went on prosperously still with the Parliament the success being very much facilitated by the misunderstanding and divisions that were among the Catholicks and the Protestant Loyal party there in so much that the Lord Ormond the Lieutenant was not regarded among them nor he able through this means to make any head against Ireton then left Deputy in that Kingdom so that little of any memorable action passed in the field till the expiration of the Summer at which time Ireton intending to besiege Limrick one of the strongest Cities in Ireland marched from Waterford and made a compass into the County of Wicklow which being stored with plundered Cattle furnished him with 1600 Cows for provision in that Leaguer and so marched to Athloâe in hopes to gain it but finding the Bridge broke and the Town on this side burnt he left that and took two other Castles and the Bur on the same side and presently clapped down before Limrick having marched 150 miles and in some Counties 30 miles together and not a house or living creature to be seen The Marquess Clanrickard to whom the Military power was by general consent devolved as being a Papist and a Native of most Antient and Noble Extraction and by the very good liking of the Marquess of Ormond who had had large experience of his exemplary fidelity to the King and the English interest ever since the very first Rebellion in 1641 having notice of the Enemies being at Athlone marched with 3000 men to whom joyned afterwards young Preston late at Waterford presently to the relief of it if any thing should have been attempted and passing the Shanon having notice of Ireton's quitting Athlone took the two Castles again and laid siege to the Bur where two great Guns had been left by the English To the relief whereof likewise Colonel Axtel having fac'd them before but now reinforced marched with a resolution to Engage being in all some 2500 men whereupon the Marquess Clanrickard quitted the Siege and retreated to Meleke Island bordering upon the Shanon into which there was but one Pass and a Bog on each side On the 25 of October a little before night Axtel made a resolute attempt upon them and after a sharp dispâte beat them from the first and second Passes and at the third which was strongly fortified came to the Bât-end of the Musquet and entred the Island which the Irish in flight deserted leaving most of their Arms behind 200 Horse all their Waggons and Baggage so that what by the Sword and the River one half of that Army perished On the English side Captain Goff and a hundred more were killed the Marquess was himself not present but was gone upon a designe against the Siege at Limerick which advanced very slowly The next day the Irish quitted all the Garrisons they had taken and fired thâm whereupon Ireton drew from Limerick and took in the stâoâg Castle of Neanagh in low Ormond and so retreated to his Winter-quarters aâ Kilkenny in November These untoward events and misfortunes one upon the neck of another together with the displacency and dissatisfaction among themselves made the Lord Ormond despair of retriving His Majesties interest in that Kingdom without forrain assistance and therefore he resolved to depart and signified his intentions accordingly to the Council of of the Irish who after some arguments and intreaties of his further stay did at last humbly and sorrowfully take leave of him rendring him all expressions of thanks and honour for those unwearied Services he had done his Country and passed several Votes in record thereof desiring his Lordship to excuse those many failures which evil times and strange necessities had caused in them and desiring him to be their Advocate to His Majesty and to other Princes to get some aid and supplies from them to the defence of that gasping Realm that now strugled with its last Fate About the beginning of December the Marquess took shipping in a little Frigat called the Elizabeth of 28 Tuns and 4 Guns and set sail from Galloway followed by the Lord Inchiqueen Colonel Vaughan the Noble Colonels Wogan and Warren and some 20 more persons of Honour intending for France Scilly or Iersey but happily landed at St. Malos in France in Ianuary whence they went to Paris and gave the Queen-Mother an account of that Kingdom Thence the Marquess of Ormond removed to Flanders and the Lord Inchiqueen into Holland and came to Amsterdam the Valiant Wogan taking the first opportunity in Scilly in order to his further service of the King in Scotland where he first manifested his Zeal and gallantry to the Royal Cause The noise of these lucky Atchievements had made most of the Neighbouring Princes consider a little further and more regardfully of this Commonwealth more especially such whose Trade by Sea might be incommodated by their Naval-force which now Lorded it in gallant Fleets upon the adjoyning Seas The first whom this danger prevailed upon was the King of Portugal Iohn the 4. whose Fleet laden with Sugar from Brasile General Blake had met with and for his entertainment of Prince Rupert with his Fleet now newly taken and dispersed brought away 9 of them into the River of Thames where they were delivered to the Commissioners for Prize-goods then newly established by Authority of Parliament upon which score the State received in few years many hundred thousand pounds and was cheated of almost as much whose names were Blackwel Blake Sparrow and upon the Dutch-War others particularly named for that very Affair because of its continual Employment In the Month of December therefore he sent hither his Embassador who landed at âhe Isle of Wight and gave notice to the Council of State of his Arrival who instead of a better complement sent him a safe Conduct for his Journey to London there being then open Hostility between the two Nations for that the King of Portugal to satisfie himself of his damages sustained in his Sugar-fleet had seiââd all the English Merchants goods in Lisbon On the 11 of December he had Audience before a Committee of Parliament attended with the Master of the Ceremonies and 20 of his own retinue in the House
Conditions some of thâse that did being Imprisoned the Court and Camp being sadly affected with this loss The Provost of Edenburgh Sir James Stuart is in Town but keeps private lest the Wives in the streets should abuse him as they did Straughan and Ker at their coming hither the Lord Warreston who came as he pretended for the Records is not yet returned but stays in Town for he cares not to go back He and the rest of that Remonstrant Tribe are Summoned to come to Parliament Colonel Dundass Straughan and Captain Giffan with Abernethy Swinton and Andrews were else to be Excommunicated and Declared Traytors which was done January 14. Mr. James Guthry and the Earl of Lothian and General Holborn were generally suspected with Sir John Chiefly who are every day expected in our Quarters Rutherford and Gillespy are likewise dissenters from the present manage of affairs Ker saith his wound on his right hand is Gods Justice against him for lifting it up against us in such a cause as he maintained And so I will conclude all those Treasonable practices and fomented divisions of that Nation against their common Interest Having first acquainted the Reader with an occurrence of the like nature from the better mannered and necessity-instructed Kirk who yet would fain have been paramount and were most boldly sollicitous with the King to consent to some other Acts mis-becoming the Majesty of a Soveraign and the Honour of His Crown which the King generously and disdainfully refusing there flew such rumours and whispers as if some disloyal and dishonest Counsels were hatching against his Person whereupon the King privately withdrew himself to his Northern Friends and Forces under General Middleton till such time as a right understanding Hostages being given on both sides as to his party and theirs was setled betwixt them which was firmly and absolutely concluded in an unanimous resolve of his immediate Coronation which was solemnly performed on the first of Ianuary in this manner First the Kings Majesty in a Princes Robe was conducted from his Bedchamber by the Constable on his right hand and the Marshal on his left to the Chamber of Presence and there was placed in a Chair under a Cloath of State by the Lord of Angus Chamberlain appointed by the King for that day and there after a little repose the Noblemen with the Commissioners of Barons and Burroughs entred the Hall and presented themselves before His Majesty Thereafter the Lord Chancellor spoke to the King to this purpose Sir your good Subjects desire You may be Crowned as the righteous and Lawful Heir of the Crown of this Kingdom that You would maintain Religion as it is presently professed and established Also that You would be graciously pleased to receive them under Your Highness's Protection to Govern them by the Laws of the Kingdom and to defend them in their Rights and Liberties by Your Royal Power offering themselves in most humble manner to your Majesty with their Vows to bestow Land Life and what else is in their Power for the maintenance of Religion for the safety of Your Majesties sacred Person and maintenance of Your Crown which they intreat Your Majesty to accept and pray Almighty God that for many years You may happily enjoy the same The King made this Answer I do esteem the affections of my good People more than the Crowns of many Kingdoms and shall be ready by Gods assistance to bestow my Life in their defence wishing to live no longer than I may see Religion and this Kingdom flourish in all happiness Thereafter the Commissioners of Borroughs and Barons and the Noblemen accompanied His Majesty to the Kirk of Scoone in order and rank according to their quality two and two The Spurs being carried by the Earl of Eglington Next the Sword by the Earl of Rothes Then the Scepter by the Earl of Crawford and Lindsey And the Crown by the Marquess of Arguile immediately before the King Then came the King with the great Constable on the right hand and the great Marshal on his left his Train being carried by the Lord Ereskine the Lord Montgomery the Lord Newbottle and the Lord Machlelene four Earls Eldest Sons under a Canopy of Crimson-Velvet supported by six Earls Sons to wit the Lord Drummond the Lord Carnegie the Lord Ramsey the Lord Iohnston the Lord Brâchin the Lord Yester and the six Carriers supported by six Noblemens Sons Thus the Kings Majesty entred the Kirk The Kirk being fitted and prepared with a Table whereupon the Honours were laid and a Chair set in a fitting place for His Majesty to hear a Sermon over against the Minister and another Chair on the other side where He received the Crown before which there was a Bench decently covered as also for seats about for Noblemen Barons and Burgesses and there being also a Stage in a fit place erected of 24 foot square about four foot high from the ground covered with Carpets with two stairs one from the West another to the East upon which great Stage there was another little Stage erected some two foot high ascending by two steps on which the Throne or Chair of State was set The Kirk thus fittingly prepared the Kings Majesty entred the same accompanied as aforesaid and first set himself in his Chair for hearing of Sermon which was Preached by Mr. Robert Douglas A la mode the Covenant About this time the young Prince of Aurange was Christened at which celebration the States General of Holland of Amsterdam of Delf were his God-fathers and the Queen of Bohemia and the old Princess of Aurange his God-mothers and was named William Frederick Henry But this being over the King intended to march Northward to hasten the said levies by his presence but the Nobility and Gentry of the High-lands promising to effect that affair with all expedition he went no further than Aberdeen having more occasion to continue in the Southern parts to keep the newly re-cemented friendship betwixt both parties entire and from other new Ruptures and to countenance his friends who now were admitted into the chiefest places of Trust and Offices Duke Hamilton being received into the Army Earl of Crawford made Governour of Sterling Middleton Lieutenant-General and other Loyal Scotch Lords in Offices and Commands befitting their quality and to their seats in Parliament which was to set down the 15 of February the King diverting himself in the mean time at his house of Falkland care being taken to secure the Castle of Fife from any Invasion two attempts that way being already made in the beginning of February upon Brunt Island which nevertheless miscarried with a great loss of men but the want of Provisions the English then laboured under and their having hopes of plenty on that âide Fife being the fertilest and most abounding place in all Scotland made them every day contrive and venture a landing thereon and flat-bottomed Boats and Sloops were
Limburgh into whose hands upon a remove they lighted This troublesome delay so displeased their Westminster-masters that on the 18 of May the Parliament recalled them which being notified to the States they seemed surprized and by consent of the Embassadors sent away an Express accompanied with Mr. Thurloe Saint Iohn's Secretary to London to desire a longer respit in hope of a satisfactory Conclusion But after a vainâr Expectation thereof saving this dubious insignificant Resolution as the States called it In haec verba The States General of the Netherlands having heard the report of their Commissioners having had a Conference the day before with the Lords Embassadors of the Commonwealth of England do declare That for their better satisfaction they do wholly and fully condescend and agree unto the 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 Propositions of the Lords Embassadors which were the most unconcerning and also the said States do agree unto the 1 2 3 and 5 Articles of the year 1495. Therefore the States do expect in the same manner as full and clear an Answer from the Lords Embassadors upon the 36 Articles delivered in by their Commissioners the 24 of June 1647. This indifferency being maintained and strengthned by the presence and Arguments used in a Speech made by Mr. Macdonald the Kings Agent then at that time Resident at the Hague who also printed their Articles or Propositions with his Comments on them another Months time being spent they were finally remanded and departed on the 20 of Iune re infecta to the trouble as was pretended of most of the Lords of Holland When Saint Iohn gave the States Commissioners who came to take leave of him these parting words My Lords You have an Eye upon the Event of the Affairs of the Kingdom of Scotland and therefore do refuse the Friendship we have offered now I can assure you that many in the Parliament were of opinion that we should not have come hither or any Embassadors to be sent to you before they had superated thâse matters between them and that King and then expected your Embassadors to us I nâw perceive our errour and that those Gentlemen were in the right in a short time you shall see that business ended and then you will come to us and seek what we have freely offered when it shall perplex you that you have refused our proffer And it âell ouâ as he had Divined it Upon his coming home after those welcomes and thanks given him by the Parliament he omitted not to aggravate those rudenesses done him and to exasperate them against the Dutch and the angry effects of his Counsels and report soon after appeared On the 9 of April in order and designe to abolish all Badges of the Norman Tyranny as they were pleased to call it now that the English Nation had obtained their natural Freedom they resolved to Manumit the Laws and restore them to their Original Language which they did by this ensuing additional Act and forthwith all or most of the Law-books were turned into English according to the Act a little before for turning Proceedings of Law into English and the rest written afterwards in the same Tongue but so little to the benefit of the people that as Good store of Game is the Country-mans Sorrow so the multitude of Sollicitors and such like brought a great deal of trouble to the Commonwealth not to speak of more injuries by which that most honourable profession of the Law was profaned and vilified as being a discourse out of my Sphere At the same time they added a second Act explanatory of this same wonderful Liberty both which here follow Be it Enacted by this present Parliament and by the Authority thereof That the Translation into English of all Writs Process and Returns thereof and of all Patents Commissions and all Proceedings whatsoever in any Court of Iustice within this Commonwealth of England and which concerns the Law and Administration of Iustice to be made and framed into the English Tongue according to an Act entituled An Act for the turning the Books of the Law and all Proces and Proceedings in Courts of Iustice into English be and are hereby refered to the Speaker of the Parliament the Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal of England the Lord Chief Iustice of the Upper-Bench the Lord Chief Iustice of the Common-pleas and the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer for the time bâing or any two or more of them and what shall be agreed by them or any two or more of them in Translating the same the Lords Commissioners shall and may affix the Great Seal thereunto in Cases where the same is to be fixed And so that no miss-Translation or Variation in Form by reason of Translation or part of Proceedings or Pleadings already begun being in Latine and part in English shall be no Errour nor void any Proceedings by reason thereof Provided That the said recited Act shall not extend to the certifying beyond the Seas any Case or Proceedings in the Court of Admiralty but that in such Cases the Commissioners and Proceedings may be certified in Latin as formerly they have been An Act for continuing the Assessment of 120000 l. per mensem for five Months from the 25 day of April 1651. for maintenance of the Armies in England Ireland and Scotland was likewise passed By our way to Scotland we must digress to a petty commotion in Wales Hawarden and Holt-Castle Seized and a Hubbub upon the Mountains which engaged Colonel Dankins to a craggy expedition Sir Thomas Middleton purged and the Coast cleared of a Presbyterian discontent upon which score the noise was raised but the story not taking Presto on all 's gone and the invisible Royalists cannot be found or sequestred for their combination in Lancashire-plot now started and hotly sented and pursued by the Grandees of the Council of State and the Blood-hounds of their High Court of Iustice again unkennelled of which more presently Blackness-Castle was now delivered to General Cromwel in Scotland on the first of April while he yet continued sick of an Ague General Dean being newly arrived with Money and supplies from England two days before and on the 11 of the same Month the Scotch Parliament sat down where they rescinded that often-mentioned Act of Classes of Delinquents whereby way was made to the restoring of the Loyal Nobility to their seats in Parliament and an Act passed from the perceipt of the dangerous consequences of the Western Remonstrance that it should be Treason to hold correspondence with or abet the Enemy Cromwel having already made another journey into those parts to carry on his business at Glascow which place had been infamed at the beginnig of the Scotch Troubles and was now by the just Judgement of God the Stage designed to act the Catastrophe and last act of three Kingdoms Ruine For I must remember the Reader that here the first Scene of our misery was laid
by the illegal convention of the general Assembly of the Kirk By his Forces thereabouts the Earl of Eglington with his second Son and some other persons of Note were surprized in their designe of raising Forces for the King at Dunbarton His Majesty still continuing at Sterling London the Chancellor being now outed of his Presidentship Mr. Gutbery and Bennet and other Kirk-blades Committed for their refractoriness to the Kings Authority which yet they would not own but as subordinate to the General Assembly But for the prevention of such future sidings and divisions those men had caused a Committee by Parliament was now empowred to manage the War and substitute Officers without any more impertinent reverences to the Presbytery the King being also declared Generalissimo Cromwel after some debates and publike disputes with the Ministers viz. Gillespy Rutherford c. of Glascow aforesaid concerning the lawfulness of his Invasion which he performed as he said in much weakness of both Argument and Body seeing there was no drawing the Scot out that way to fight which way they intended for an undisturbed march marched back to Edenburgh by the beginning of May and in his way burned the Lady Kilsithes House for holding intelligence with the King having notice of the arrival of his Boats at Leith for the Transportation of his Army into Fife which was the last remedy the failure of Victuals in the Scotch Camp which therefore they should be forced to abandon and march proving a meer delusion In the mean while on the 15 of April in a mist the Lord Montgomery Son to the Earl of Eglington and Lord Cranston with 500 Horse and Dragoons marched from Sterling and resolutely charged into Lithgow a Garrison the English had fortified upon their first march to Sterling to the Market-place whence having taken what Prisoners they could in hast meet with they retreated and being pursued by Major Sydenham of Sir Arthur Haslerig's Regiment the Governour in place of Colonel Sanderson lately deceased they faced about and routed him killing most of his Followers to the number of some 60 himself being wounded mortally in the Groyn whereof not long after he died that Government being twice vacated already The Lord Register Warriston now had a Pass from Sterling to come to Edenburgh about the Records and the ships loading that was staid after Cromwels Pass and permission by Articles and prosecuted the business so to effect that the said Goods Papers and lading got before him to Sterling May 31. whither he had no more mind after Cromwel and he had conferred to return The Dutch had now sent Van Trump their Admiral with 12 sail of Men of War to Scilly Island to demand satisfaction for 20 ships which Sir Iohn Greenvile the Governour had seized and had further instructions to Treat with the said Governour which besides the aim this State had to integrate all the Antient Dominions of England under a new Commonwealth did very much enjealous them that that important place might be put into Dutch hands thereupon a Fleet was presently manned for the Reduction of that place and Sir George Ayscue who was then preparing for a Voyage to Barbadoes in the Rainbow and two other Men of War upon the same account was ordered to attend General Blake in that Service who Imbarqued in the Phoenix-Frigat and on the 18 of May with great resolution he landed some of his Forces in the Islands of Tresco and Brier which were as stoutly defended by the Noble Colonel Wogan who in his Voyage from Ireland had taken up Arms here for the King again and made a very great slaughter of the first Invaders but footing being gained by fresh Boats succeeding the other he past over to the Isle of St. Maries both more naturally and Artificially Fortified and of very difficult access Some few attempts were nevertheless made but rather to shew there was an Enemy there who would fain be admitted and who otherwise might prove very troublesome to their Trade and to that effect a Summons or invitation was sent unto the Governour who having as it was believed the Kings leave for what he should do therein and knowing with England it would return and without would be of little use to the Crown after some Messages accepted of a Treaty which after caresses and civilities on both sides concluded in a Rendition of the Isle on the second of Iune upon very Honourable Terms The Governour Sir Iohn the son of Noble Sir Bevil Greenvile after Earl of Bath a person always much in the Kings Favour receiving a considerable sum of Money and Indemnity for his Estate and person freed from all manner of Arrests and molestations whatsoever the Officers and Souldiers to go whither they would of whom Sir Fulk Hunks with Doctor Lesley the Bishop of Down sailed for Ireland Colonel Wogan for Scotland to pursue the quarrel there also In all there went out 9 Colonels 4 Lieutenant-Colonels 10 Serjeant-Majors 60 Captains saith the Catalogue 40 Lieutenants and other under-Officers of a proportionable number which over Sir George Ayscue proceeded in his Voyage Prince Rupert was now at Sea from Toulon with five Men of War and two Fire-ships sailing the Mediterranean-sea in Company with his Brother Prince Maurice and much discourse there was of the Duke of Lorrain's shipping and Transporting some Forces for Ireland by an Agreement made with the Irish and promoted at the French Court whither the Duke of York was now expected and Sir Edward Hide arrived out of Spain and several Provinces and Cities were by report assigned him for his security but the whole story proved meer Castles in the Air for it 's supposed the Duke was unwilling to come where his plundering Troops should finde Blows instead of Booty and he had his own Country and Dominions to regain first An Agent likewise came now to the Parliament of England and owned them as such from the great Duke of Florence May the 21. The Lord Howard of Escrick a Peer who had got himself returned a Burgess for Carlisle was about this time convicted of Bribery dismissed the House and committed to the Tower Cromwel being at Edenburgh having notice how the King lay encamped at Sterling Lesley's Foot quartering on the South-side and Middleton's on the North-side of the Park encompassed with a Stone-wall and that abundance of Provision was brought in daily supposing they would march drew all his Forces out of the West with as much care and conduct as could be and Encamped likewise in the Fields by Edenburgh in a readiness for them whether to march or fight But in the mean time he was taken very ill of his Ague so that Doctor Wright and Doctor Bates an eminent Physitian and a concealed Royalist as appears by a polite Piece of his written some time before entituled Elenehus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia were sent down to attend his Cure and many blithe and anxious
Dean was now remanded and returned from Scotland as a more confiding deserver on whom another Sea-General was to be conferred Sir George had 300 l. in Ireland per annum and 300 l. in Money for his pains In the mean time the States of Holland sent away Messengers and Expresses to Denmark and the Hans Towns to Sweden and Poland to give notice of the Commencement of this War and to gain these several States to their party Cordage and Tar being no way else to be had as also to give timely advice to their Merchants how to manage and secure their Estates from the English A Proposal was likewise framed of sending for Prince Rupert then about the Western Isles of America having taken some West-Country Ships being known by his black Ancient which he wore in his Poop as a mourning Emblem of the Kings Death attended but with a Fleet of six ships and espousing the Kings Quarrel but those were but high-flown vapours of their own without any ground save that the Prince of Aurange was generally and publickly commended to and almost enforced upon the State as Statdholder and Captain-General as was his Father and some affronts were done to those that were known to be disaffected to that Family among whom was the Lord Embassador Paw whose house they attempted to Storm nor was De Wit one of their prime Seamen much more in favour as the Zealanders soon after evidenced Their Interest indeed was so much the more considerable because of the Marquess of Brandenburgh the next ally but the King whose Usurped Rights it vindicated and asserted would much conduce to the advantaging of them in a vigorous prosecution of the War from whom they had already promises of a large assistance of 10000 men upon no other score but his Nephews as appeared in his non-performance of that proffer when the States of Holland boggled at the Overtures and Demands made by the other Provinces about the Prince and in the same kinde he served them having engaged their concernment in the Polish War not long after leaving them in the lurch after the Elbing-Treaty So that of all Princes their Friends they now relied most upon the Dane and the French with whom they doubted not to make a League Offensive and Defensive against the English Slily assisted by the Spaniard and hoping of a fair beginning of Amity with Sweden onely Yet nevertheless confident were our States of going luckily through this hazardous and potent Enmity or would their proud stomacks Drunk with success as the Dutch Declaration twitted them abate a sillable of what they had determined for having given that Categorick or positive Answer above recited upon the Dutch Embassadors desire of leave to depart according to their Superiours as peremptory orders they without any more ado presently offered them Audience in order thereunto Monsieur Paw in a Latine Speech delivered the sense of the Quarrel and Breach in very equal words without any further expedients mentioned by them to resume the accommodation Paw at his return quickly died of a surfeit of broyl'd Salmon no way lamented by the house of Aurange a man suspected of ill Counsel given against the Martyr-King he being sent hither about the time of his Martyrdom and known to have some of his Majesties Houshold-goods and Jewels as Bribes however honested by a pretence of purchase for his service to the English States The Lord Williamson and his colleague Embassadors of Denmark demanded the same Audience the same time being about the 29 of Iune In Ireland after Sir Charles Coot had taken in Ballymote he pressed so hard upon the Lord Clanrickard that he was forced for shelter to betake himself into the Isle of Carick while Sir Charles quartered at Portumna resolved to reduce him which being inevitable the gallant Marquess came now at last in this desperate Juncture to an Agreement which was no more than ordinary Liberty to Transport himself and 3000 Irish more into any Pieces Country and service then in Amity with England within a short limitation of time Not long after Colonel Richard Grace being pursued into his Fastness being the strong Fort of Inchlough in a Bog yielded upon the like Terms on the first of August to Colonel Sanckey there marched out with him 1050 men for Transportation O Brian yet held out in the Mountains of Kerry and Cork Birn Phelim Mac Hugh and Cavenagh in the Fastnesses of Wexford and Wicklow O Neal and Rely in Vlster to all which places under Reynolds Venables Sanchy Sir Charles Coot and Lieutenant-General Ludlow distinct Forces were ordered to march Fitz Patrick and Odwire's men were also now shipt the Commissioners for the Parliament very willing to be rid of their Company and they as glad to be gone to avoid the Halter then threatned by a High Court of Iustice. In Scotland there were some stirs in the Highlands by Glengary the Frazers and Mac Reynolds and some other Septs whereof one Mac Knab was killed with some more of his men being in a party which was met with by the English Highland-Forces of Lilburn and other Regiments Encamped at Innerara one of Arguile's strong Castles but nothing else happened though the Scots were 1500 strong but Arguile absolutely complied with the Parliament sending them provision and supplies of all sorts yet before Summer was quite spent the Highlanders had made a shift to surprize two of their new-Garrisoned Castles in these parts and made good their several Clans and possessions At home the Parliament had a greater mischief breeding against them than they feared from the most dangerous of their Forrain Enemies A dangerous Imposture of Ambition whose quabbing beating pains gave them no rest nor could all their skill tell how to asswage or cure it It swelled every day more and more in continual Addresses Desires Petitions Declarations till it came to be ripe and then burst out to the dissolution of this Political body This was the reiterated and inculcated story of the Parliaments providing for future equal Representatives and putting a period to this than which nothing could be more distastful and of greater antipathy to the present Members which yet they did most artfully conceal and dissemble in a hundred complying Votes and Resolves even to the ascertaining of the longest day November the 5 1654. for their sitting but that was two years too long for Cromwel whose Fingers itched to be managing a Scepter In order to this delay the Committee that first sat and hatcht upon this Bill were removed from the Nest and the addle Eggs put under the chill incumbency of other Wilde-towl and they to proceed therein with all expedition a thing so unlikely that Sultan Cromwel who expected a Grand Cairo brood resolved not to be baffled much longer or await the leisure of his Mercenary servants as after a Fast and Humiliation of him and his Council of Officers and the Communication of the grounds thereof to the whole Army in
them as fully as when the Parliament was sitting Signed in the Name and by the Appointment of his Excellency the Lord-General and his Council of Officers William Malyn Secret White hall the 22 of April 1653. The next thing they published was an Injunction to all the Officers and Souldiers in the Army forbidding them to make any disturbance in Churches or affronting of Ministers and people in Congregations which was done to gain them an opinion of Religious Piety and Zeal for the Worship and Service of God now frequently profaned by the Sectarian Principles of Anabaptism Quaking and Ranting the two later whereof began to spread about this time and be very infectious in the Army and their Quarters which were licensed among the Souldiery who were every where drawn together to Rendezvouzes to subscribe Addresses to their General declaring their approbation of what he had done to the Government and promising to assist him in his undertakings with their Lives with their hopeful expectation of the great and glorious Work to be accomplished by him to the building up of Sion c. The like he received from the Fleet upon the news of the Change communicated to them who resolved with the same courage to proceed against the common Enemy the Dutch Vice-Admiral Pen being now in the Downs with seventy sail of ââout Men of War and General Monke and Dean expected with some more of the Western squadron with which they now Anchored at Saint Hellen's Point The first Forrain Address that was made to this DICTATOR for such another Regiment was that of Lucius Scylla and C. Marius amongst the Romans for by that term of Authority he is bâât distinguished was from the Agents of the Rebel-City of Bourdeaux then maintained by the Prince of Conti against the French King while his Embassador Bourdeaux was here for a Peace whose offering a more advantageous Treaty to the Interest of Cromwel was one occasion of crushing that transaction and Cromwel besides was ready to Prince it himself and those Examples were no way to be encouraged by him The Dictator having held the Supreme Power some few days devolved it by a Declaration to a Council of State his ignorant conceited Officers soaring such flights and such their extravagant notions of Government and their pertness in them that made him quickly weary of such Counsellors or Companions these were partly the greatest Officers in the Army as Lambert Dean Harrison and partly Members of the late Parliament among whom the Lord Fairfax was by name now listed into this Juncto and some other new Gamesters of Cromwel's Cabinet Counsel At the latter end of this Declaration he limited the time of their power till the persons of known Fidelity and Honesty should meet according to the nomination appointment of his Council to take upon them the Supream Authority and in the interim to this Council all obedience upon Peril was required and all Justices and Sheriffs and other Officers were ordered to continue in their respective Commissions and places and Writs to run in the same stile of the Keepers of the Liberties of England The first work this Council did was the publishing of an Ordinance for six months Assessment from the 24 of Iune and was obeyed in all points like an Act of Parliament and better welcomed than any of the late ones for its decrease of the Tax to a considerable fall another Artifice to gain the people but the Treasuries were now reasonable full by the Providence of all Parliament The Town of Marlborough was reduced almost to Ashes April 28 an ominous Commencement of this Incendiaries Usurpation whose red and fiery Nose was the burden of many a Cavalier-Song This turn and Translation of the Government was very acceptable news to the King at Paris his Friends and Counsellors saluting and complementing him with the infallible hopes of his Restitution by those means and much Jollity and Gladness there was concerning it and many Treatments given the King The Earl of Bristol late Lord Digby was now honoured with the Order of the Garter at Paris and great expectation there was of a successful Issue of the Earl of Rochester's Negotiation at the Diet at âatisbone and of potent assistance from other Princes His Allies and Confederates among whom the Dutch were now reckoned not the least considerable General Middleton being on his Journey thither to Treat with them about furnishing an Expedition into Scotland where he was to Command in chief but the Dutch having offered a Treaty at any neutral place which was now refused by Cromwel except at London they would not presently Engage till that Issue was known The King of Denmark now also published his Manifesto against the English and declared a War and Rigged his Fleet and secured and strengthned his Castles against any attempt of their Fleets if they should approach so neer as they had done when Captain Ball commanded a Squadron thither the end of last Summer In Ireland the main of the Forces of Vlster under the Command of the Lord Iniskellin Colonel O Rely and Mac Mahon and Mac Guire yielded and put an end to that War May 18 upon the old Articles for Transportation On the 4 of May Trump with 80 Men of War set sail again from the Texel to meet a Fleet of 200 sail from Nants and other parts in France coming round about by Ireland and to secure other ships from the Eastland laden with Cordage and other Ship-materials and necessaries which the Nants Fleet being ready for him he nimbly effected missing of our English Navy who having Rendezvouzed at Humber-mouth sailed to Aberdeen and so to Shetland and thence passed over to the Danish Shore where they had intelligence that Trump had dispatcht his errand by that lucky meeting of his Nants Fleet and had returned for Holland whereupon they presently steered for England but before their arrival in any Port Van Trump having quitted his Merchant-men and delivered them sate to the great rejoycing of the Dutch came instantly into the Downs with a resolution to fire and seize all such Ships as were before Dover there being no Guard nor protection neer them and on the 26 of May missing of his aim rantingly battered Dover with his whole Fleet all that day to the Alarming of all the Coast adjacent while the English Fleet having visited the Coast of Holland put them into no less consternation and wonder how we were able to Equip and Man 100 sail of War-ships in so short a time and in such a distracted condition of State Next day Trump having laid his Scouts abroad to get intelligence of the English Fleet as also to intercept all Trade and ships coming into the Downs and River Anchored on the back of the Goodwyn Generals Monke and Dean being in Yarmouth-Road and General Blake fitting himself to joyn with them for Trump stayed in his Station On the second of Iune in the Morning
whose Ports and Harbours upon the pursuit as far as the Texel they had driven and scattered the Dutch Fleet which had so brought down the stomacks of the Hollander that that Province having as before sent away a Boat with a white Flag with a Messenger for a Pasport and a Safe-Conduct for two Embassadors and having obtained it sent away the Lords Youngstall and Vande Perre to follow two others newly gone before These arrived the 20 of Iune and had Audience the 22 their Message being of such importance for every day their Merchant-ships were taken coming home and there was no stirring out for any so that there was an absolute Cessation there of Trade no less than 30 ships of good lading having been taken by our Fleet riding up and down about their Havens But this expedited and the more hastily and intently carried on their preparations for War if Peace should not be presently concluded the major part of their Fleet being put into Zealand and that Coast was new Rigging there and some new ships off the Stocks and this Van Trump supervised another new Fleet was equipping at Amsterdam and that De Wit took the care and charge of the Marriners Wages though there was no other Employment for them were now raised the Lords States themselves came down to the several Ports and saw the men imbarqued to whom they gave Money in hand and took them by it requesting of them now to do valiantly for their Country and telling them that if they fought well this time they should fight no more and for the better incitement and to see every man do his duty two of the States went on board a nimble-Frigat to be present at the Fight now with all speed resolved on and in confidence of success this Fleet was Victualled for five Months which time it should continue abroad blocking up our Harbours in like manner as we did theirs for as yet in Forrain Courts and Countries they would not confess we were too hard for them and this bout would rectifie all and adjust their Stories This happened in the end of Iuly it having been so ordered that both the Fleets under Van Trump from the Weilings in Zealand and De Wit from the Texel should meet upon the Engagement General Monke with the English Fleet lying as it were in the mid-way On the 29 of Iuly the Scouts a Head discovered this Dutch Fleet whereupon the General made after them but they standing away for De Wit it was five a clock at night ere any of our Frigats got up to them when they appeared to be 90 sail of Men of War and ten Fire-ships about 7 that night General Monke aboard the Resolution got up to them with some 30 ships and Frigats in all and charged through their whole Fleet when it beginning to grow duskish the Masters advised the General not to stand to them again that night for fear of the Fire-ships but the noble General turning himself with indignation towards them commanded them in some disgraceful but more unproper terms that they should To um again for said He The very Powder of the Guns of this Ship is able to blow away a Fire-ship from it and so they tackt about and through the Dutch again in which by a Ball from the Enemy both Fleets being close to one another the Mizen-shrouds of the Resolution were fired but quickly put out again by the courageous Activity of one Captain Ioseph Taylor then assisting and standing by the General Nothing of more remarque was done that night save that the Garland with the Enemy received much prejudice being known and saluted by every ships Broad-side though the Dutch had altered her Decks and so the English stood to the Southward and Van Trump to the Northward that night and joyned with De Wit and withal got the Weather-gage by reason his sailing Northwards was no way suspected by our Fleet. The next day there being much Windy and foul Weather both Fleets could not Engage the Sea was so high but found it a difficult work to get off of a Lee-shore which was so much the worse to the English being on an Enemies Coast but a most gallant delightful sight it was to see the two Fleets so neer one another plying their Sails fill'd with as much Revenge and desire of Engagement as with those envious Gusts that kept them asunder But next morning being Sunday the Weather proving fair and little Wind Iuly 31 both Fleets Engaged again in a most terrible Fight the Dutch animated with the equal if not the inclinable success of Friday and the English loth to contest so long for a resolved Victory as if three days were always to be the apportioned time of their labour in Conquest It is impossible to give a distinct account of this Battle in Fire and Smoak Board and Board for eight hours together incessant The Garland was the first disabled and the Dutch Fire-ships notably managed their business the Andrew Victory Triumph and Rainbow the great ships at whom the Dutch spight was greatest being so endangered that out of the Triumph which was fired by one of them several of the ships crue threw themselves into the Sea but others of better spirits remaining behinde with great gallantry quenched the Fire and gave a merry occasion of a Civil Law or Admiralty-Controversie Whether the Chests Goods and Cloaths which those that stayed in the ship had got on of those that deserted it and when the danger of the Flame was past got in again should belong to the present Possessor who refused to d'off or re-deliver them to the former owner who was much troubled to see other men in his Apparel The Victory in which was Captain Lane was stoutly beset with a Vice-Admiral and two other Flemish War-ships and so distressed that another Dutch Vice-Admiral in an East-India-ship of 60 Guns coming up by her Quarter and mistaking the Condition as well as Resolution of that Captain proffered him Quarter and bid him yield which was answered with the thanks of a Broad-side that sunk the Dutch-man immediately by his side No less gallant service did the Speaker-Frigat so well known to the Dutch by the name of the Prater and truly there was nothing but the antient glory right of the English to be Superiors to that Nation which differenced the valour of both since had the Dutch fought upon a juster Quarrel Fortune might have been as equal Besides the Death of their Admiral the brave Van Trump in the beginning of the Fight by the shot of a Musquet-bullet in his left Pap mainly contributed to their Defeat His Flag the Original of the War was strucken with a shot and whether they would not for a signe to their Fleet to revenge his Death or could not make it stand there was no such Ensigne the greatest part of the Fight which having continued from seven in the morning till one or two in the afternoon the Dutch
the Dutch to any thing The Peace though now concluded was not ratified and proclaimed till April after the arrival of the Embassadors Newport and Youngstal in March towards the end of this year when it was done with great Solemnity especially the Dutch here were very magnificent in Treatments and Fireworks set up in the nature of Beacons in the Thames neer their House The Protector Dined in great State upon an Invitation from the Lord Mayor c. at Grocers-Hall the eighth of February being Ash-Wednesday a very unsuitable day for any Festival but his entertainment who inverted all things the streets being railed from Temple-Bar thither the Liveries in their Gowns in their Gradual standings there he was met at the said Gate by Alderman Viner the Lord Mayor who delivered him the Sword there and having received it from him back again bore it on Horse-back before him all the way through which the âame silence was kept as if a Funeral had been en passant and no doubt it was that muteness which Tacitus mentioned in Tiberius quale magnâ Ire vel magni Metus est silentium no apprecations or so much as a How do ye being given during the whole Cavalcade After Dinner he was served with a Banquet in the conclusion whereof he Knighted Alderman Viner and would have done the same to the Recorder Steel for his learned Speech of Government calculated and measured for him but he for some reasons avoided it the Lord Mayor was forced to carry it home and anger his Wife with it who had real honour both in her Name and Nature Oliver at his return had the second course of a Brick-bat from the top of a House in the Strand by St. Clements which light upon his Coach and almost spoiled his digestion with the daringness of the Affront Search was made but in vain the person could not be found and Vengeance was not yet from Heaven to rain upon him General Middleton now landed at Vney-Ferry in the Highlands with two Vessels from Holland with the Lord Napier Sir George Monro Major-General Dalyel Colonel Lodâwick Drummond and some 200 more in March with some Arms with a Commission to Command in chief all his Majesties Forces in that Kingdom who under the Command of the Earls of Glencarn Athol Seaforth and Kenmore being followed and attended by Colonel Morgan had marched up and down from Eglin into Ross and had lately been met withal at Cromar where they lost after a short dispute some 140 killed and taken and presently the Garrison of Kildrumny the Lord of Athol's house rendered to Morgan and Colonel Cotterel was sent to follow the Enemy whose purpose was to protract the War by running from place to place and weary the English out with uncouth and weary marches till Middleton came whose additional strength signifying little besides the Kings Authority in so eminent a person and Office now amongst them and General Monke being sent from London to command in chief there for Oliver their condition was little better than before Colonel Brayn being likewise ordered into the Highlands with 2000 Foot by Sea from Ireland to surround them in on all sides and hem them in to an Engagement At home prevention being Oliver's best State-physick a Plot was started in February and a great many committed to the Tower the chief whereof were Colonel Sir Gilbert Gerrard Colonel Iohn Gerrard his Brother one Iones and Tudor an Apothecary and afterwards Somerset Fox young Mr. Charles Gerrard another Brother and lastly Mr. Iohn and William Ashburnham Mr. Vowel a School-master at Islington the Earl of Oxford Mr. Philip Porter Mr. Finch Mr. Wiseman Mr. Bayly and Sir Richard Willis who to keep himself unsuspected of Intelligence now and ever after was sure to make one of the number of those in Custody The Plot was said to be by him that best understood it to be an Assassinate upon Oliver's person though most rationally refuted by those who were tried about it Tuder attending his Examination at White-hall pretending to ease himself escaped down the House of Office and got away but was afterwards retaken in Norfolk and re-committed but never Arraigned The rest of them were kept in custody till a High Court of Iustice was erected of the old stamp to try them This was one of the first acts of Cromwel's Tyranny with which he exercised the Royal party throughout his Domination and most necessary to his security as a main principle of Government according to the policy of such wretched Times The Protector now sent his Son Henry Cromwel into Ireland to shew himself there in State against his approaching Viceroy-ship there whence the Lord Broghil and Colonel Rich. Coot were sent with Addresses to him from that Kingdom the like about the same time from Coventry being a most zealous Complement General Monke was likewise sent as aforesaid into Scotland so that he had made sure of the three Nations and that no Enemy of his might remain in any place of Trust Command or Judicature the Chancellorship of the Dutchy of Lancashire was taken from Bradshaw and by Ordinance transferred to Thomas Fell and the Seal likewise given him yet Richard Bradshaw was graced with the Title of Oliver's Resident at Hamburgh as he was before because there were no Candidates for the place The Lord Embassador Whitlock likewise owned Him to the Queen of Sweden with the Title of His most Serene Highness my Master having staid there all that Winter to conclude that Treaty which depended upon the Dutch here and was made up after for the Swede would be governed solely by that the Agent or Embassador of the Country of Switzerland Myn Here Stockhart to whom the Umpirage between the Dutch and the English was committed took leave of his said Highness and departed by the way of Holland where he proffered his Superiours best endeavour between them both Monsieur Burdeaux appeared in March in the quality of an Embassador in Ordinary to the Protector and Sir Anthony Ashly Cooper Colonel Sydenham and Mr. Strickland were appointed Commissioners to confer with him In such a fair way was Cromwel already of fixing his Soveraignty and being accepted for a Prince abroad and at home but as the French insinuated into his Friendship the Spaniard abated in it and Mazarine was the onely Privado and confident Friend An Ordinance passed for continuance of the Imposition on Sea-coal for the use of the Navy The year ends with another Ordinance for the tryal and approbation of Ministers wherein Philip Nye Goodwyn Hugh Peters Mr. Manton and others were named Commissioners The Question these men put to the Examinants was not of abilities or Learning but Grace in their Hearts and that with so bold and saucy inquisition that some mens Spirits trembled at their interrogatories they phrasing it so as if as was said of the Council of Trent they had the Holy Ghost in a Cloak-bag or
to be to consult any such thing though by the like practises his Father lost his Life and that he feared he should not die right in his Favour for being suspected of such a thing and then most courageously stooped to the Block With him upon the same Scaffold suffered the Portugal Embassador's Brother then Residing with Oliver by Name Don Pântaleon-Saâ â He had a while before made a Riot in the New-Exchange upon conceit of an Affront or some scorn cast upon him there and killed one Greenway a Gentleman standing quietly at a Stall no opposition being made but by this Colonel Gerrard who was now fatally joyned with him in Death The Murther was Committed by a Knight of Maltha who escaped but this Nobleman and four more of the Embassador's Servants among whom was an Irish youth were arraigned before Chief-Justice Rolls Sir Henry Blunt and Recorder Steel Tichburn and others joyned in a Commission of Oyer and Terminer and Tried by a party-Jury of English and Forrainers as of custom and though he at first refused to Plead alledging his Quality he was at last Convicted and Condemned He had made an Escape by the civil industry of the Lady Philip Mohun and attempted it again but was retaken and now Beheaded After the Priests and he had prayed upon the Scaffold he shewed some little aversion of Dâath but whether out of anger or fear is uncertain the people and spectators shewing different passions at the fall of both these Victimes to crafty Tyranny and impartial Justice This was done upon the King of Portugal's order to whom the cause and Execution of Justice in his own Kingdom was first remitted The Embassador soon after the conclusion of a Peace disconsolately departed The Irish Youth suffered at Tyburn the rest were Reprieved and afterwards Released In the same month a ship on Southwark-side took accidental Fire as she lay at Anchor which being cut away the ship as Providence would have it was driven by the flowing Tide upon a Shelf neer the Bridge where she stuck and blew up her powder There were 8 persons killed one a Draper upon his Leads on the Bridge by a Plank of the said ship and had the blow been any nigher it would have broke that famous Pile Another ship neer the same time fired in Fresh-wharf neer the Bridge likewise and generally there were many and very sad Conflagrations that attended this Boutefeu and his Usurpation and as memorable unruly accidents ended it as by the sequel will appear We will now cursorily run over the Highland-War of Scotland where notwithstanding those many divisions and animosities concerning Command that were between the Commanders in this Scotch Army the Earl of Glencarn stomacking the supream Command to be conferred upon General Middleton which was thought the best expedient to unite all Divisions amongst them the said Royal Party was yet re-inforced to the number of 3 or 4000 men whom both General Monke and Colonel Morgan in distinct Bodies and several ways attended Morgan was about Loughaber and Loâghness in the Western Highlands about Arguile's Country and keeping close at the Heels of them who ever and anon took over the Mountains and gave them the slip for it was by no means advised to venture an Encounter but tire their Enemy out and nothing but invincible patience and resolution could have endured it For beâides the want of Provisions in that scarce barren Country against which the Souldiers were armed onely with Bread and Cheese which they eat 20 days together that Nature could hardly discharge it self the Ways were most times so abrupt that hardly more than one could go abreast and over the Hills if a Horse-Foot slipt men were in danger of breaking their Necks down the Precipices and Horse and Man sure to be lost no Quarter to be had but in the Glens and great happiness was it counted to meet with them and fresh Water neer which to pitch Tents the General chearfully undergoing the same necessities After much Traversing these difficult ways which were notwithstanding easie as usual to the Highlander it was the Fortune of Colonel Morgan to light upon General Middleton neer Badgenoth at one of those narrow Passes now proving incommodious to the Natives themselves for they could neither well fight nor retreat so that they Engaged in no order nor figure and after a short Medly or Tumult rather than Battle were forced to flie the General endeavouring what he could to resist his misfortune was so neer being taken that he lost his Commission and Instructions and one of his rich Coats with a Sumpter-horse This happened on the 19 of Iuly and was the total defeat and suppression of that War For immediately the Earl of Glencarn with 500 men submitted at Dumbarton and though there happened some puny Skirmishes afterwards as the defeating of a party of the Earl of Athol Captain Elsmores taking of Sir Arthur Forbes and routing of Mac Naughton at Glenlyon and Captain Lisle with a party from Colonel Cobbet Governour of Dundee defeated the Earl of Kinoule and took him and the Lord Diddup and Lieutenant-Colonel Mercer Prisoner who was returned now to Edenburgh-Castle and the young Marquess of Montross routed by Blair-Castle yet Submissions and Treaties spent most of the time that the Lord Middleton with the Earl of Seaforth staid in Scotland who now with a small party of the Clans were in Catheness the Lords Forrester and Kenmore the Earl of Athol and Marquess of Montross capitulated desiring onely the Terms and mitigation of Fines the Earl of Glencarn had at his Rendition at Dumbarton-Castle Lorn now flew again into Arms to colour those late Treacheries and Treasons he now underhand managed for Cromwel and joyned with Mac Naughton who had surprized Colonel Brayn and Captain Nichols Governour of Innerâra-Castle as they thinking themselves secure in the Confines of the Lowlands had dismiss'd their Convoy and made his Terms by that lucky surprize to his advantage Generally the Noble General Monke gave very obliging Conditions and so did Twisleton and Morgan by his order to those that capitulated with them and shewed all the favour that could be expected in point of Fines and Forfeitures which firmly obliged the Nobles and Gentry to him for the future which no doubt he had then principally in his Eye and also invited General Middleton and the Earl of Seaforth to enter into Treaty with him which was managed and in a manner concluded by Major-General Drummond but rescinded by Middleton as was alledged here because of the English insistency upon the former Fines and Security but judged as proceeding from a principle of Honour and Right since this departure of the King's Lieutenant with Conditions obtained from the Enemy might be construed a Cession of that Kingdom to the Usurper as the Lord Ormond with great Punctilio given him a very noble Precedent He departed not till the beginning of the next year and Glengary had the honour
In this condition some 100 of the most faithful and cordial of the party Hungry Sleepy and Weary having staid no where reached Southmolton in Devonshire hoping at worst to get away by Sea but that night on the 15 of March their Quarters were beaten up by Captain Crook about ten a clock and some Houses forced but Colonel Penruddock maintained his quarters till he had Quarter promised and Articled which Crook afterwards unworthily and basely denied There were taken with him Colonel Iones a Kinsman of Cromwel's and Colonel Grove an old Royalist and some 60 other Prisoners and 120 Horse Sir Ioseph Wagstaff Mr. Robert Mason Esquire Clark and Mr. Thomas Mompesson escaped beyond Sea and so this unhappy effort was suppressed There were some shadows of the like at Rufford-Abbey in Nottinghamshire at Hessen-moor in York-shire neer Wrexham in Montgomery in Northumberland for which some were Executed and a like rumour of a designe upon Shrewsbury Sir Henry Slingsby in Custody and Sir Richard Maleverer and Mr. Hutton taken who fled for it and were retaken at Chester from whence they made a final escape and Sir Thomas Harris and the Lord Newport secured therâupon but all vanished and came to nothing and those mighty and pregnant hopes of the King's Restitution now in every mans Mouth and Wish proved frustraneous hac vice and Oliver very prajeant that he could thus over-reach the King in his own Designes This Treason came to be discovered to the King in this manner Some Gentlemen that were seized upon their coming home having visited his Majesty at Colen who was pleased upon their parting to go to the Stairs head with them and expressed some good apprecations of a designe which at their Examination were verbatim interrogated if they were not spoken at such a time Advice hereof was given to the King who remembring none but Colonel Tukâ and this Manning who light the Candle to be present at the parting the same time declared the whole matter to the Colonel who surprized with the news having protested his Innocency by the Kings command went directly to Manning's Chamber and not staying the opening of the Door forced it and found him a chawing of Papers and a Packet by him newly come from Thurloe but so agast that he knew not what to say His Father had been slain a Colonel in the Kings Service as is afore related he himself had been the Earl of Pembroke's Secretary and for these considerations admitted into this Trust which he so basely abused At the instance of the whole Court the King was prevailed upon to let him be shot in one of the Castles of the Duke of Newburgh to terrifie all other faithless and disloyal Servants and to satisfie for some of that Blood Cromwel had spilt upon the score of his Perâidy where he wretchedly and most abjectly died Cromwel had drawn 4000 Foot out of Ireland under Colonel Axtel and Sadler and 600 Horse were marching out of Scotland two Troops whereof came from Ireland by that short cut of Sea to Ayre but upon the quelling of this Western-rising they all were remanded In February happened another terrible Fire in Fleet-street neer the Horn-Tavern which begun in a Grocers house and consumed eleven more the like happened at Aberfoyle in Scotland but far greater for quantity Major Wildman a great Leveller was taken neer Marleborough inditing Declarations against the Protector and was committed to Chepstow and the Lord Gray of Grooby was brought Prisoner to Leicester but upon application made to Oliver not long after released Lockhart one of the Scotch Judges Married Oliver's Niece about this time and grew famous thereby in the process of the Rebellion The regulation of Chancery and Hackney-Coaches took force now Another horrible Fire in Thredneedle-street to the loss of 200000 l. and upwards One Harris that was Hanged afterwards in 1661. for Counterfeiting the Lord Chancellor Hide 's Hand and breaking of a house therewith by armed Souldiers and was one of those that carried a Javelin at the Kings Martyrdome about this time Cheated one Manton and other Merchants with a counterfeit License as from Cromwel for Importing some Oyls and Whalebone from Holland which were forbidden by the Act and got neer 1000 l. of them Commissary-General Reynolds was made a kinde of Major-General of North-Wales which Module obtained all over England soon after but this was the proto-type The insensible and uâregarded growth of all Heresie and Errour in this licentious Toleration which invaded the Church among many other most pernicious Tenets besides c. made the Socinian to pass unobserved in this Chronicle since it would have been an Augean labour to cleanse the Current of time from that Sink and Colluvious Filth of those Monstrous Opinions Upon this score the Racovian-Catechism its divulgation and the suppression of it by the Ececutioner's Hands in the Fire came to be omitted in the year preceding As likewise Biddle the famous Seducer and Teacher of those Blasphemous Principles who was by this Dumb Parliament as Oliver called it committed to the Gate-house and thence sent to a remote Prison and his Books Burnt in the same manner besides the Englishing of the Alchoran and the three Grand Impostors damned for shame mist his due observation which therefore are here added in the close of this year Anno Dom. 1655. THe Cabal of Cardinal Mazarine and Cromwel's designe was now visible in the West-Indies and that formidable and amusing Expedition displayed to those parts of the World The rich Conceits the Usurper cherished from thence appeared in those frequent divertisements he gave himself beyond his usual reservedness and from that more than ordinary Pomp and State he arrogated to himself like another Grand Seignior nothing but Golden Smiles to be seen in his Court where the solemn Cringe and the parasitical Glaver were as much now studied to humour this Greatness as matriculating and introducing Piety and austere Hypocrisie And never was such a strange mixture in the Arts of any Courtier as these Times beheld much like the mysteries of the as strangely framed and tempered Government With much impatience did all men indeed await the issue of this grand Affair and to be certain the Hours could not be less tedious to them to whom belonged the approaching Golden Age but Parturiunt montes The following abstract will admonish the great ones that Fortune is not to be over-tempted and that without the Concurrence of good Deliberation Conduct and Valour she is not always obliged to her Favourites But to proceed during the abode of the Fleet at Barbadoes the Generals Colonels and inferiour Officers were not negligent in their several stations General Pen caused the Carpenters of each ship to set up those Shallops which were brought over in quarters out of England and ordered the Coopers to trim and fit Water-Casks Besides he sent two Frigats to St. Christophers and Mevis for raising
his leave to depart the Harbour For said he I am very sure Blake will presently be amongst you To this the resolute Don made no other reply but Get you gone if you will and let Blake come if he dares They that knew Blake's Courage could not but know it needless to dare him to an Engagement All things being ordered for fight a Squadron of ships was drawn out of the whole Fleet to make the first onset these were Commanded by Captain Stainer in the Speaker-Frigat who no sooner had received Orders but immediately he flew into the Bay with his Canvas Wings and by eight in the Morning fell pell-mell upon the Spanish Fleet without the least regard to the Forts that spent their shot prodigally upon him No sooner were these entered into the Bay but Blake following after placed certain ships to pour Broad-sides into the Castle and Forts these played their parts so well that after some time the Spaniards found their Forts too hot to be held In the mean time Blake strikes in with Stainer and bravely fought the Spanish ships which were not much inferiour in number to the English but in Men they were far the superiour Here we see a resolute bravery many times may carry the day and make number lie by the Lee this was manifest for by two of the clock in the afternoon the English had beaten their Enemies out of their ships Now Blake seeing an impossibility of carrying them away he ordered his men to fire their Prizes which was done so effectually that all the Spanish Fleet were reduced to Ashes except two ships that sunk downright nothing remaining of them above water but some part of their Masts The English having now got a compleat Victory were put to another difficulty by the Wind which blew so strong into the Bay that many despaired of getting out again But Gods Providence was miraculously seen in causing the Wind upon the sudden to Vere about to the South-West a thing not known in many years before which brought Blake and his Fleet safe to Sea again notwithstanding the Spaniards from the Castle played their Great Guns perpetually upon them as they passed by The Wind as it proved a Friend to bring the English forth so it continued to carry them back again to their former station near to Cadiz This noble Service made Blake as terrible as Drake to the Spaniard there being less difference betwixt the Fame and report of their Actions and Exploits than in the sound of their Names and it was accordingly resented here by all parties Cromwel whom it most concerned sent his Secretary to acquaint the House with the particulars who ordered a Thanksgiving and 500 l. to buy the General a Jewel as a testimony of his Countries Gratitude and the honour they bore him One hundred pound to the Captain that brought the Tidings and Thanks to all the Officers and Souldiers and shortly after the Speaker returning home being so bruised and torn in the late Engagement that she was unfit for further service till repaired the Captain of her Richard Stainer was Knighted who indeed deserved that Honour from a better Hand nor did his merit miss of it This was atchieved on Munday the 20th of April The Protector having refused the Title of King awaiting a more opportune time and advantage to reach that top and height of his Ambition which inwardly tormented him was now by the Parliament to be confirmed in his former Dignity and a Committee called of the Settlement was ordered to prepare an Explanatory part to the Humble Petition and Advice in respect of the Protector 's Oath his Councils the Members of Parliament the other House which was to consist of sixty and odd Lords of Cromwel's Election of which in their place we shall give an account all which being prepared and finished the Lord Craven thought it a fit time for him to offer his Case to the Parliament by whom a day was no sooner set for Hearing and the Protector 's Council ordered to attend but he sends a Letter directed to Our Trusty and Well-beloved Sir Thomas Widdrington Speaker of the Parliament to Adjourn but understanding the main business of the Assessment was not yet finished he sent another to forbid his former but desired them to make it their sole Affair Whereupon the Lord Craven was referred to the first day of their Access after the Adjournment When all the Acts were ready for Signing the Protector came to the Painted-Chamber and sent for the Parliament where the Speaker tendered him these Acts of State besides others relating to Trade c. 1. An Act for Assessment of 60000 l. a Month for three Months from March for the three Kingdoms Another Money-Act for 50000 l. for three years at 35000 l. for England 6000 l. for Scotland and 9000 l. for Ireland An Act for preventing multiplicity of Buildings in and about the Suburbs of London and within ten miles thereof and a whole years Revenue to be paid for every Dwelling or House built upon any new Foundation since 1620. and this was the reason and soul of that Law An Act for punishing such as live at High Rates and have no visible Estates And lastly for the observation of the Lords day There was a Bill brought in for ascertaining and satisfying the Publick Faith that these Patriots might seem to intend the ease of the people but it was but once read and committed and resumed afterwards to as much purpose very briskly by the Council of this Protector At the signing of these Cromwel made this short Speech I perceive that among these many Acts of Parliament there hath been a very great care had by the Parliament to provide for the just and necessary support of the Commonwealth by these Bills for Levying of Money now brought to me which I have given my consent unto and understanding it hath been the practise of those who have been chief Governours to acknowledge with thanks to the Commons their care and regard of the Publick I do very heartily and thankfully acknowledge their kindeness herein The principal substance of the Humble Petition c. was this 1. That his Highness under the Title of Lord Protector would be pleased to exercise the Office of Chief Magistrate over England c. and to Govern according to all things in this Petition and Advice also that in his life-Life-time he would appoint the person that should Succeed in the Government after his Death 2. That he would call Parliaments consisting of two Houses once in three years at farthest 3. That those persons who are Legally chosen by a Free Election of the people to serve in Parliament may not be excluded from doing their Duties but by consent of that House whereof they are Members 4. In the fourth was shown the qualifications of Parliament-Members 5. In the fifth the power of the other House 6. That the Laws and Statutes of the
designed one of his Daughters for him and had been lately released by Richard's Parliament out of Windsor-castle came in now and gave security for his peaceable demeanour Arms were every where privately bought up and on the other side Ireton the then Lord-Mayor a very active person Brother to Ireton deceased raised a Regiment of City-Horse though the City Petitioned against it and the separated Churches raised three Regiments of their Members under Sir Henry Vane Colonel White and Skippon who being through-paced for the Good Old Cause was by them made Major-General of the City and all Horses secured therein Posts came now from several parts of the Kingdom of Stirs and Insurrections the two first whereof were at Tunbridge but a party of Horse the Council of State having right and punctual Information were soon at the appointed place of Rendezvouze so that those that would have met there dispersed themselves some few being taken Prisoners The other at Red-hill in Surrey where appeared some 100 under the Command of the Earl of Litchfield since Duke of Richmond who upon notice of the Armies Horse advancing got timely away young Mr. Sackvile Crow Mr. Penruddock and some others of note among whom was one Captain Elsemere formerly a Captain in Ingoldsby's Regiment being taken and some former Troopers of the same who were afterwards Sentenced Colonel Massey appeared likewise in Gloucester-shire but by the same perfect intelligence at White-hall he was no sooner up but he was seized and taken by some of their Horse and being put behinde one of the Troopers to bring him away as they were marching down a Hill the Horse fell and gave the Colonel an opportunity to shove the Trooper forwards and to make his escape into an adjoyning Wood which was the fourth he made during these troubles Hertford shire and Essex were associated likewise in the same designe now forming and acting but the like discovery prevented it Sir Thomas Leventhorpe and Mr. Thomas Fanshaw hardly escaping a surprize and seizure Major-General Brown was not idle all the while in London several Lists being filled with undertakers of the Kings Quarrel but such was the vigilance of the Council of State who sate day and night and so many defeats and disappointments and so many Prisoners evey day brought in that nothing was done here Lambeth Gate-house was made a Goal and Sir Francis Vincent and Colonel Brown of Surrey concerned in the Earl of Litchfield's attempt were Committed thither But that which look'd indeed formidable was the rising of Sir George Booth in Cheshire who was a secluded Member of the Parliament with him appeared the Lord Kilmorry Mr. Needham Brother to the said Lord Mr. Henry and Mr. Peter Brook a Member likewise Sir William Neil Major-General Randal Egerton an eminent constant Royalist who brought his former Valour upon this Stage and Colonel Robert Werden of the same party which last two were put into that Proclamation wherein Sir George Booth Sir Thomas Middleton with their adherents were Proclaimed Traytors the same Sir Thomas Middleton and his sons who Garrisoned Chirk and Harding Castles the last belonging of Justice Glyn there joyned also with him the Earl of Derby whose Family Interest in that Country with the same magnanimous Loyalty this young Nobleman essayed to resuscitate and gave great demonstration of his personal worth and Gallantry in the ensuing Engagement but I may not be as I ought copious in his praise Nec Deus intersit nisi dignus vindice nodus Colonel Gilbert Ireland who seized Liverpole Mr. Warburton and Mr. Leigh the Lord Cholmondley Mr. Marbury Mr. since Sir Ieoffery Shackerly and others these Rendezvouzed at Routon heath and appeared to the number of 3000 and upwards where a Declaration was read and published shewing that they took up Arms for a Free-Parliament and to unyoak the Nation from the slavery of those men at Westminster To second this the noble Lord Byron with Colonel Charles White with a party from Nottingham Rendezvouzed at Sherwood-forrest with a designe on Belvoyr-castle but were frustrated and so onward to Derby where they published Sir George's Declaration which the Towns-men very well approved of but Forces under Colonel Sanders being on their way thither they were forced to sit still and cry peccavi Colonel White was taken Prisoner Another appearance there was about Shrewsbury but all came to nothing the Lady Littletons's Sons and the Whittingtons were herein engaged As soon as the news of this Sir George Booth's rising was publique a Petition was presented to the Parliament from some pretended Cheshire-men wherein they set forth that to prevent the like Rebellious Insurrections the Parliament should discharge all Tenants of their Tenures from Delinquent Land-lords and that they should hold their Lands thenceforth of the Commonwealth at the same time and straight a Committee was ordered to withdraw and bring in a draught of this deviâe and Major-General Lambert was Commissioned to march with three Regiments of Horse and three of Foot and some Dragoons Militia-forces being to joyn with him in his march and some Forces out of Ireland under Colonel Zanchy and Axâel â to the reduction of Sir George and his Forces Colonel Desb rough was likewise sent with the same Command and some Forces into the West Proclamatiân came out at this time against Mr. Mordant the Earl of Litchfield ââjor-Genâral Brown Sir William Compton Sir Thomas Leventhorpe and Mr. Faâshaw the three last of whom rendered themselves within the time the two first fled and the Major-General awaiting another opportunity absconded himself at Stationers-Hall by the faithful secrecy of Captain Burroughâ The Earl of Stamford who was likewise engaged in this business was taken at his House in Arms and carried Prisoner to Leicester which was the condition of many other Gentlemen the Earl of Oxford Prisoner to the Serjeant at Arms the Lords Faulkland and Delaware to the Tower whither not long after was brought the Lord Viscount Falconbridge the Lord Bellasis and Earl of Chesterfield Lord Charles Howard and Lord Castleton Lambert with no great hast marched to the Confines of Chester desirous to make a War of it and to settle himself in the Souldiers affections but such course had been taken by his Masters that very few accessions of strength came in to Sir George more than what were first numbered who nevertheless resolved to abide the fortune of Battle and drew up neer Norwich whither Lambert was advancing in the Meadows adjoyning having the Rivers before them and the Bridges guarded but Lambert's Horse and Foot resolutely falâââg on together at the Bridge the Fight was soon over all the defence being made by one Morgan a gallant Gentleman and some Horse of his Troop who presently died of his Wounds There were not above 30 killed in all and some 500 taken Prisoners and most of the Gentlemen and Officers This was August 16. and presently the Army advanced to Chester where Colonel
and inflict the punishment of the Rebellion if they delayed his imbraces In fine it was an Affair in which all the faculties and passions of the Soul Love Fear Hope and Joy were tempered together to a MIRACLE by his skilful hand and art of Government and wherein Reason and Necessity jumpt together and to which the whole frame of Policie officiously humbled and submitted it self at this his Majesties most absolute and uncontroulable disposal of his Empire Tibi numine ab omni Cedetur jurisque tui Natura relinquet Quis Deus esse velis ubi regâum ponere mundo All the Heavenly powers yield And Nature as thy right and choice doth leave Where thou wilt reign what Realms shall thee receive But besides those of the first Magnitude there were Illustrious persons and others that rendred themselves conspicuous by their conjunction in this Revolution such were the Lord Chancellour the Earls of Southampton Oxford Bristol S. Albans the two Secretaries of State the old Earl of Norwich Ld. Goring a person whose memory is highly ennobled by such grand Events and Occurrences of State as the Spanish Peace with the Low Countries which owes it self to his Transaction and Accommodation the Earl of Manchester the noble Earl of Sandwich whose hand was engaged with his head and was the excellent General 's second in this Affair the faithful and couragious Lord Ashly Cooper who intrepidly engaged himself among the Usurpers and dreaded not their spies and quicksighted sagacious discovery of designes and intelligence against them which he constantly managed the Lord Annesly now Earl of Anglesey Lord Hollis Lord Booth of Delamere who broke the Ice and endangered his Life and Fortunes in the Attempt but was bravely rescued by his Reserve the General who came time enough to preserve him not to omit the Dii minores persons of lesser Rank but Eminent in their Qualities Sir Samuel Moreland Thurlo's Secretary and Cromwel's Resident in Savoy where he was set as Intelligencer which he proved most punctually to his Majesty and countermined all the designes of his Masters and by which means the King came to have intelligence of those disloyal treacherous and ingrate persons formerly of his side whom we have mentioned He came to the King at Breda where his Majesty Knighted him and made him a Baronet and gave him this Testimony That he had done him very signal Services for some years last passed Neither was Sir George Downing unserviceable to the same designe in his station in Holland as his Majesty's Respects to him at his coming to the Hague with recommendation from the General did sufficiently declare To conclude the whole Mass of the people had a hand at the least in it conspiring the same purposes in their wishes and affections with the effect whereof in a compendious Narrative for the Subject grows upon me to a bulk I am next to indulge and pleasure the Reader The King was yet at Brussels in a setled quiet expectation of the sitting down of the Parliament the results of whose Counsels were not thought so quick by the deliberating and slow Spaniard who had allowed the King yearly the sum of 9000 l. besides the pay of his Forces which his Majesty kept there which money was since repayed by the King soon after his return and therefore upon the King's departure from Breda upon assurance that the Parliament would not fail of sitting down at the appointed time he having traversed to and fro back and again to Antwerp the civil Governour of these Countries gave the King his Complement of departure and honourably conveyed him on his way to the City of Antwerp the Road to Breda aforesaid when it was feared by very many that the slye Spaniard would have put some demur or stay upon him in his Dominions He afterwards indeed sent a Complement to him by an Envoy well attended intreating him to return that way and to take shipping at one of the Ports of Flanders for England and acquainted him that for his greater honour and satisfaction he should see his Souldiers payed as he passed but the King civilly refused that kind proffer The King was no sooner come to Breda the Town and Castle whereof belonged to his Nephew the Prince of Aurange but having notice the Parliament was ready to sit he dispatcht away his Letters by Mr. now made Lord Viscount Mordant the Lord Goring having been sent before to the Council of State and General and Sir Iohn Greenvil now Earl of Bath with his Letters to the Parliament in both Houses respectively to the Lord-General and City which were speedily made publick and the Town in a kind of extasie for two days together the Press never ceasing to print them and all persons having no other thing to do but to read them the substance of which Message with the like Declaration to the House of Commons and his gracious Letters enclosed to his Excellencie the Lord General to be communicated to the Officers of the Army with a Letter likewise and Declaration to the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common Council of the City of London was this His Majesty granted a free and general Pardon to all his Subjects whatsoever that shall within forty days after publication thereof lay hold upon that grace and by any publick Act declare their doing so such onely accepted as the Parliament shall think fit to be excepted which he will confirm upon the word of a King And as to tender Consciences none shall be called in question for differences in opinion which disturb not the peace of the Kingdom For Sales Purchases he will refer himself in all matters to the determination of Parliament that he will consent to an Act or Acts of Parliament for paying off and satisfying the Arrears of the Army and Navy and that they shall be received into his Majesty's service upon as good Pay and Conditions as they then enjoyed This gracious Message with the Letter to his Excellencie and the Declaration were read in the House of Commons with most extraordinary Ceremony and Reverence as if some strange awe had seized upon the minds of the Parliament every man at the Speakers naming of the King rising up and uncovering himself desiring the Letters might be forthwith read the like also was done in the House of Lords In the House of Commons remarkable was that of Mr. Luke Robinson who being a great Commonwealths-man first of all spoke to the Letters and acknowledged his conviction Nor was this Declaration less acceptable to all the people who were overjoyed with the news and the infallible hopes of having their gracious Prince and Soveraign restored to them in Peace and Honour The Parliament resolved That they do own and declare that according to the Ancient and Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons And having a deep sense of the Miseries and Distractions in
several Prayers which ended the Coif was put on His Majesties Head and the Colobium syndonis or Dalmatica then the Super-tunica of cloth of Gold with the Tissue buskins and Sandals of the same then the Spurs were put on by the Peer that carried them then the Arch-bishop took the Kings Sword and laid it on the Communion-Table and after Prayer restored it to the King which was Girt upon him by the Lord great Chamberlain then the Armil was put on next the Mantle or open Pall after which the Lord Arch-bishop took the Crown into his hands and laid it on the Communion-Table Prayed and then set it on the Kings Head whereupon all the Peers put on their Coronets and Caps the Choire singing an Anthem next the Arch-Bishop took the Kings Ring prayed again and put it on the Fourth Finger of the Kings Hand after which his Majesty took off his Sword and offered it up which the Lord great Chamberlain redeemed drew it out and carried it naked before the King Then the Arch-Bishop took the Scepter with the Cross and delivered it into His Majesties right Hand the Rod with the Dove in the left and the King kneeling blessed him which done the King ascended his Throne Royal the Lords Spiritual and Temporal attending him where after Te Deum the King was again Enthroned and then all the Peers did their Homage The Arch-Bishop first who then kissed the Kings left Cheek and after him the other Bishops After their Homage the Peers all together stood round about the King and every one in their order toucht the Crown upon his Head promising their readiness to support it with their power The Coronation being ended the Communion followed which his Majesty having received and offered returned to his Throne till the Communion ended and then went into St. Edwards Chappel there took off his Crown and delivered it to the Lord Bishop of London who laid it upon the Communion-Table which done the King withdrew into a Traverse where the Lord great Chamberlain of England disrobed the King of St. Edward's Robes and delivered them to the Dean of Westminster then His Majesty was newly arrayed with his Robes prepared for that day and came to the Communion-Table in St. Edward's Chappel where the Lord Bishop of London for the Arch-Bishop set the Crown Imperial provided for the King to wear that day upon his Head Then His Majesty took the Scepter and the Rod and the Train set in order before him went up to the Throne and so through the Choyre and body of the Church out at the West-door to the Palace of Westminster The Oathes of Fealty being casually omitted are here subjoyned as they were sworn in order I William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury shall be True and Faithful and true Faith and Truth bear unto you ouâ Soveraign Lord and your Heirs Kings of England and shall and do and truly acknowledge the service of the Land which I claim to hold of You in right of the Church So help me God Then the Duke of York did the same in these Words Garter principal King at Arms attending him in his Ascent to the Throne I James Duke of York become Your Leigeman of Life of Limb and of Earthly Worship and Faith and Truth shall I bear unto You to live and dye against all manner of Folk The Dukes of Buckingham and Albemarle did the same for the Dukes The Marquesses of Worcester and Dorchester for the Marquesses The Earl of Oxford for the Earls Viscount Hereford for the Viscounts And the Lord Audley for the Barons Note that there were Collects and Prayers said upon the putting on of the Regalia as the Armil the Pall the delivery of the Scepter the Sword all according to ancient Form and upon the setting on of the Crown a peculiar Benediction The Bishop of Worcester's Sermon was Preached upon the 28 of Prov. verse 2. Before the King the Peers now according to their Ranks and degrees proceeded to the said Palace and not as they entred the Abbey but with their Coronets on at the upper end whereof there was a Table and Chair of State raised upon an ascent on the South-East-side of the Hall were two Tables placed the first for the Barons of the Cinque Ports the Bishops and Judges the other for the Masters and six Clerks of Chancery at which Table by some mistake or disturbance the Barons dined At the North-East-end the Nobility at one Table and behinde them close to the Wall the Lord-Mayor the Recorder the Aldermen and twelve principal Citizens in the Court of Common-pleas dined the Officers at Arms. Which Tables being served each had in all three Courses and a Banquet the King came in from the inner Court of Wards where he had staid half an hour and sat down and the Duke of York sate at the end of the same Table on the left hand the Earl of Dorset was Sewer and the Earl of Chesterfield his Assistant the Earl of Lincoln was Carver the Dishes were most of them served up by the Knights of the Bath at the second course came in Sir Edward Dymock who by the service of this day as the King's Champion holds his Mannor of Serivelsby in the County of Lincoln as several other services were performed upon the same account particularly Mr. Henry Howard in behalf of his Brother the Duke of Norfolk for a Mannor in Norfolk gave the King a rich right-hand-Glove during the Coronation with which he held the Scepter He was mounted upon a goodly White Courser himself Armed at all points and having staid a while advanced a little further with his two Esquires one bearing a Lance the other a Target and threw down his Gantlet the Earl-Marshal riding on his Left and the Lord High-Constable on his Right hand when York the Herauld read aloud his Challenge which was done the third and last time at the foot of the Ascent where the King dined and his Gantlet by the Herauld returned to him at every of the three times after it had layn a little while the Challenge was in these words If any person of what degree soever High or Low shall deny or gainsay our Soveraign Lord King Charles the second King of England Scotland France and Ireland defender of the Faith c. and Son and Heir to our Soveraign Lord Charles the first the late King deceased to be right Heir to the Imperial Crown of the Realm of England or that he ought not to enjoy the same Here is his Champion who saith that he lyeth and is a false Traytor being ready in person to Combate with him and on this quarrel will adventure his life against him what day soever he shall be appointed Which read aloud the Earl of Pembrook presented the King with a Guilt Cup fill'd with Wine who drank to his Champion and sent him the said Cup by the said Earl which after three Reverences and some steps backward he drunk off and kept it as his Fee
usual confidence of his Party made an end His Quarters were disposed of by his Majesties Orders and his Head set upon a Pole in White Chappel near the place of his Meeting for example to his Fellows Some discourses there were of a Design about Dunkirk and the Duke of York passed over there this Month carrying the Garrison money and upon his arrival viewed the Fortifications and Lines and found it stronger by some new Forts the Governour the Lord Rutherford now made Earl of Tiviot and Governour of Tangeir had raised thereabouts and after a short stay returned again for England In Ireland Sir Charles Coot Earl of Mountrath one of the Three Justices of that Kingdome died and was buried in State the power of the other Two remaining being invested in Sir Maurice Eustace and the Earl of Orery till the arrival of the Duke of Ormond He had done excellent Service in that Kingdome against the Rebels and though he afterwards sided with those here yet did he by his last Actions in securing that Kingdome to the Interest of his Majesty and helping on the Restitution redeem his former demerits which could be charged on him no otherwise than as a Souldier of Fortune he was one of General Monck's right hands in carrying on the Change The Duke of Ormond was by the Parliament of Ireland gratulated upon his appointment to that Government by Letters sent from the Speakers of both Houses The Council for the Principality of Wales was also erected by the King and setled at Ludlow the usual Residence the Earl of Carbery Lord Vaughan was made President the old Earl of Norwich Clerk of the Council and others of the Nobility and Gentry Assistants Judges also were established and the said Lord President in great State brought into the Town attended by a great Train of the chief Persons thereabouts and joyfully welcomed and complemented This Christmass the Honourable Society of Lincolns-Inne renewed their Custom of the Inns of Court by chusing a Prince who during the Festival commands like a Soveraign in the places adjoyning to the said Inne the Gentleman chosen this time was one Iohn Lort Esquire a Gentleman of Wales by the Title of Prince Le Grange he gave and the King was pleased to accept a Treatment from him the Ceremonies due to a Prince being exactly observed in every respect a Council Judges and Officers of State Honour and Nobility attending this his Highness whom the King at the expiration of his term of Royalty made a Knight Baronet The Marquess Durazzo Embassador from the Republick of Genoa was about this time honourably received by the King attended through the City to Sir Abraham Williams his house by the Earl of Carlisle Complemented from the King by the Earl of Bullingbrook and brought to Audience by the Lord Buckhurst In Scotland Episcopacy which had been so long banished thence was now reduced with all gladness and testimonies of a welcome reception after the experience of so many miseries and confusions which had befallen that Nation through the Fury and Zealotry of the Kirk The four Bishops that were Consecrated at Lambeth a little before this whereof Dr. Iames Sharpe Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews Metropolitan of Scotland was one Consecrating others in that Kingdom the whole Order being there defunct by the long Usurpation of the Presbyterian Discipline To the confirmation therefore of this Sacred resetled Authority the Lord-Commissioner with most of the Nobility and Gentry accompanied the Arch-Bishop of Glascow where the Kirk-Rebellion was first hatched to that City where the face of things was quite altered no Person or occasion ever welcomer or more acceptable than this as their Bells and Bonefires declared And here the Lord Commissioner put sorth a Proclamation prohibiting the payment of any Ecclesiastical Rents o Tythe or profits of the Ministry whatsoever to any who in a short time limited should not acknowledge and own their Diocesan Bishop and his Authority and receive Induction from him Some few grand Factious Predicants stood out and were cuted of their Livings and others the most unquiet and refractory Commanded to depart that Kingdom now well cleared of that Clergy the Original and Fountain of those bitter waters and Rivers of Blood which overflowed the three Nations A like Church-work was taken in hand in England the King at his Entrance into London upon his Restitution-day May 29 fadly observed and shook his Head at the Ruines of St. Paul's Cathedral and therefore the first vacancy his affairs permitted him was bestowed on the consideration of that Religious Structure and thereupon he issued out a Commission to Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Ieoffery Palmer and others of the Long Robe with other Gentlemen to take some speedy Order for the Repair thereof and to that pious work he gave the Arrears of Impropriations and Ecclesiastical Livings excepted out of the Act of Oblivion impowering to call all such as owed any Moneys thereupon to account and to lay it out to that use The former Dean of which Cathedral Dr. Nicholas Brother to Master Secretary of State Sir Edward died now of a malignant Feavor called the Country new Disease and Dr. Barwick a man that had suffered all Extremities even of Dungeon and Famine in the Tower from the Rump soon after the King's death was substituted by the King in his place it being reckoned with the late improvement the best Deanry now in England Soon after Dr. Nicholas died Dr. Nicholas Monke Bishop of Hereford and Brother to the Noble General whose private Contemplative liâe was no less observed than Jewels in the dark which then shine brightest his Illustrious Brother governing the conspicuous splendor of the Times while he ruled with the recluse vertues of his minde in the obscurity of the Church which afterwards spread and lustre it borrowed from the Beams of this its Luminary though now suddenly deprived of a great part of it in this his Setting And most fit it is that his Name should be Canonized and for ever had Sacred in our Kalendar and Church-Annals About the same time died also Dr. Brian Walton Lord-Bishop of Chester famous for the Polyglotte-Bible and other Excellencies becoming a Prelate nor did his successor Dr. Ferne many weeks outlive him whose defences of the Church will never be forgotten And lastly died Dr. Thomas Fuller known by his several Books and indefatigable industry better than by any account can here be given of him Such a Train of Scholars and Learned men did barbarous Death lead in Triumph to the Captivating Grave that her envious Pomp might draw our eye and tears to this sad spectacle and that might honourably accompany the Fate of the Bishop of Hereford A Fleet was Rigg'd and set to Sea to fetch home the Queen from Portugal and to carry the Forces to Tangier which was delivered by the Portugueze Garrison to Sir Richard Stayner who with 500 men was left to maintain it till the Earl
among actions of lesser note at Sea the courage of Captain Howard deserves remembrance who now commanding one of the King's ships render'd himself as signally faithful to his Sovereign as to his Owners who having certain Victuallers and other Merchant-men under his Convoy as he passed by the Bay of Cadiz five Dutch Men of War then under sail before the Bay having notice thereof being Vessels of 43 40 and 36 Guns apiece had immediately fetch'd up the Merchant-men but the Captain so behav'd himself with his Merlin a Frigat of 12 Guns only that the whole English Fleet had time to escape into the Bay of Tangier and by and by perceiving the headmost of the Dutch ships of 45 Guns who had done him most mischief to be making after the Fleet to their inevitable Ruine he frankly ran himself aboard the Dutch-man where he fought above an hour board and board till being himself dangerously wounded and all his Men dead or desperately wounded save eight he was at length compell'd to yield and carried into Cadiz But to return neerer home to the Grand Affairs betwixt England and Holland we finde the Netherlanders in no small perplexity They had now recalled their Embassador Van Gotch out of England who took his leave of the King at Oxford by him the King sends a Letter to the States wherein though he could not but charge them as the Authors of the War yet he signified to them his readiness to come to any fair terms of Accommodation nor could this Letter be so stifled by the contrary Faction but that the People got a view of it by which when they saw the disposition of the King of England they were not a little enrag'd at the Province of Holland who had so much endeavour'd to keep them in ignorance and made them more pliant to yield to those Alterations that not long after followed Munster so bestirs himself all the Winter that he allows no time for rest but upon Thaws and milde Weather so that he defeated several considerable parties of the Dutch and advanced not a little way into their Country of Friezland burning and spoiling some and taking other of their Towns whilst Prince Maurice with 18000 men is forc'd to look on without being able to attempt any thing of moment Their chief Assistants were the King of France and Dukes of Lunenburg As for the first he sent them a Supply of men but they brought along with them so much Rudeness and such Diseases into the Country that the Dutch were soon weary of their company for they were forc'd to quarter ' am in the Brandenburgher's Country which did them no good The thâeats of Waldeck and the conjunction of the Confederate-Forces did them as little kindness only it caus'd the Bishop to retire with his main Body out of Friezland leaving a sufficient strength in Garrisons for he had destroyed already 900 Horse in one place 200 Foot in another he had defeated two Troops of their Horse and 500 Foot in another place and 400 Foot that had repossessed themselves of Vriesveen forcing them to render themselves and had now Garrisoned his Foot in his new Conquests and withdrawn his Horse into his own Country The Dukes of Lunenburg grew cold in their assistance and sent to excuse themselves to the King of England for what they had done as being ignorant of the Grounds and Causes of the Bishop's taking Arms. The Brandenburgher offer'd a Mediation with the Bishop but with much delay Their main hopes was in the King of France who believing the Ballance of Affairs not even enough yet and 't is thought rather acting as he did out of an affectation of Sovereignty in the Mediterranean-Sea not only continues their friend but declares War against England acquainting the Queen-Mother of England that though he could no longer keep off a Declaration of War against his Majesty of Great Britain yet that he should always preserve the same esteem and value for his Majesty's Person hoping his Majesty would continue the same kindness and affection for him Accordingly upon the 27 th of Ianuary the French King's Declaration of War was publickly proclaim'd upon pretence of Succouring the States General in consequence of the Treaty 1662. But the Lord Hollis the King of England's Embassador in France having remonstrated the great injustice of that Declaration which subjected all English-men in their Estates and Persons to the last acts of Hostility contrary to the Treaties between the two Crowns allowing each party three Moneths time for the withdrawing their Estates and Persons after a Rupture The King of France thereupon issu'd out a second Proclamation giving the English the said Liberty of three Moneths to Transport themselves and Goods However in return of the first Declaration the King of England soon after that is to say in February publish'd also his Declaration of War against the French Importing that whereas the French King pretending an Alliance Defensive with the States General had proclaim'd a War against his Subjects That he was resolv'd to prosecute the War which the French King had so unjustly undertaken against him with his utmost Force by Sea and Land It was then admirable to see with what a harmony and chearfulness the Maritime Counties offer'd their service to his Majesty upon their receiving his first Orders to put themselves into a posture of defence But he being tender of continuing them under the trouble of a needless Duty was pleased to direct their dismission and return home till further occasion In the mean time Sr. Christopher Mimms was Crusing about with a Squadron of stout Ships who hearing of a Squadron of the Dutch that were out at Sea near Ostend he made away for Discovery and at length had a view of them out of fight of Land about Newport being in all 16 Sail and 3 Flags Fain he would have been dealing with them but they not daring to abide the shock made all the Sail they could away and easily escap'd him being neer their own Burrows The Pestilence was now so well abated that the King return'd again to White-Hall where the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of London attended Him and humbly welcom'd Him home to his Chief City after so long and melancholy an absence The Term also which to prevent the too early resort of People to London and Westminster had been Adjourn'd to Windsor was now again Adjourn'd from thence to Westminster But the Parliament who should have met the 20th of this month were again Prorogu'd till the 23 of April by a special Commission directed to the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and others of the Lords both Spiritual and Temporal About this time Sir Thomas Clifford the Kings Extraordinary Envoy to Sweden and Denmark return'd into England And the Earl of Sandwich was sent Ambassadour extraordinary into Spain where what good Services he did the following years will declare And to shew
hovering in sight of the Town for three days together return'd into Harbour and bringing out the Ships under his Convoy steer'd his own Course But to return to the Fleet. It was at this time divided and the White Squadron under Prince Rupert was gone toward the Coast of France upon an apprehension of Beauforts coming to joyn with the Dutch at which time the other two Squadrons under the Duke of Albemarle being Four Leagues off the North-Foreland the Bristol plying about a League from the Fleet discover'd several Sails and thereupon fir'd Three Guns for better Information Soon after from the top of the Admiral they discover'd the Dutch Fleet. The Fight began Friday the First of Iune and was maintain'd for two days together with only 50 ships of the English against double the number of the Dutch The Duke had all his Tackle taken off with Chain-shot and his Breeches to his skin were shot off Captain Harman in the Henry had the luck to have all the Dutch Fleet upon him single which he bravely supported and forced his way quite through them he had three Fireships upon him of which one took fire but it was soon quench'd and at length he was forc'd to leave the Fleet. The Rainbow being the second as the Henry was the first that Engag'd This was the first days Dispute from one of the Clock till nine at Night wherein the Dutch had two great ships Fir'd On Saturday the Fight was renew'd with greater Violence than before wherein the Dutch lost Three Sail more which were forc'd to retire out of the Dispute and it is thought that this part of the Fleet would have given a very good accompt of the Enemy had not the Dutch receiv'd a Reinforcement of 16 fresh ships The General was Attacqu'd by a Vice-Admiral of the Enemy who came up so neer as that the Yards arms touch'd but the General receiv'd him with so full a Bread side besides a Volley of small shot that he fell a Stern and appeared no more However on Sunday the General finding the Fleet overpower'd in number and tiââd with continual service began to stand over to the English Coast. In this Retreat which was manag'd with all care and prudence the Saint Paul and two other ships were by the General 's order set on fire to prevent their falling into the Enemies hands all the men disposed into other ships Toward the Evening of that day appeared the Prince upon whose approach the Enemy leaving 50 Sail to make good against the General sent out 30 more to intercept the Prince but he avoiding them made up to the General when he drew neer the Fleet he sent word to the General that if he approv'd of it he would keep the Wind engage those thirty ships which bore up to him but the General supposing that Squadron to be only a Decoy to draw the Prince upon the Galloper sent a Caution to the Prince not to meddle with that Squadron And now both Generals being joyn'd on Munday by Morning-light the Dutch Fleet were got out of sight but the English soon made them again Sir Christopher Mimms leading the Van the Prince in the Middle and Sir Edward Sprague in the Rear of the fresh Squadron Here the Encounter was very sharp the English fighting some to the Windward some to the Leeward of the Dutch In this Engagement the English pass'd the whole Body of the Enemies Fleet five times with good advantage on their side which the Dutch not enduring began to run and were pursu'd so long as the Powder lasted there being not above 35 of the Enemy left in a Body and doubtless they had received more mischief the Generals resolving to have born in among 'um a sixth time but that the Prince having receiv'd in the last pass two shots in his Powder-room and finding his Masts disabled was forc'd to let the Enemy make the best of their way whereby they escaped much fairer than otherways they could have done Of the English Fleet was only burnt the Prince having by misfortune first run aground upon the Galloper by which means Sir George Ayscue the Commander became a Prisoner The Essex was also taken having entangled her self by grapling with one of the Enemies ships which she had almost taken The Swiftsure was also missing taken by Rear-Admiral Swaert her Commander Sir William Berkley being slain Beside these not a ship except the Slugs expresly burnt by Order all the rest arriving safe in the Gunfleet Certainly many of the Enemy were Burnt and Sunk The Enemy endeavouring to conceal their Losses as much as they could but it was generally concluded that they lost above 15 Ships and 21 Captains among the rest Evertson one of their Admirals and of common Seamen above 5000. Sir George Ayscue was sent to the Castle of Lovestein and Captain Reeves imprison'd in Amsterdam having Wounded as he was receiv'd most barbarous usage from the hands of those that took him This bloudy Encounter being over the King makes all the hast imaginable to take the Sea again to which purpose the King proposes to the City the furnishing him with a sum of Money to answer the great occasion of the War whereupon the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council agreed to furnish him with 100000 l. the most of which was subscrib'd upon the place However the Dutch by reason they had several ships already fitted which were intended for the Sound to assist the Dane got out some time before the English could possibly be ready and were several times discover'd towards the Coast of France to meet with Beaufort who was to have joyn'd with them but never did But it was not long before the English Fleet were at their heels in very good order The Flags being carried by the Generals Sir Ioseph Iordan Sir Robert Holmes Sir Thomas Allen Sir Thomas Tyddiman Captain Vtburt Sir Ieremy Smith Sir Edward Sprague and Captain Kempthorn On Munday the English Fleet set sail from the Gunfleet the Enemy plying Eastward before them That Night proving stormy the Iersey disabled by Thunder her Main-topmast being broken to pieces and the Main-mast split from the Top to the Bottom and another Fire-ship receiving some harm were sent away to be refitted At two of the clock next day they weigh'd and discover'd the Dutch Fleet standing with them having the Wind but not the Courage to engage them Next Morning by nine of the clock both Fleets engaged the English not firing till they came up close with the Enemy and then the Anne headmost of the White began the Fight the Red and Blue Squadrons coming up within an hour after Between ten and eleven one of the English Fire-ships endeavouring to board their headmost Admiral was put off and burnt down without effect At eleven the Van of their Fleet began to give way and about one the whole Van bore away from the English before the Wind
own Lands for the Publick benefit and to remit the Duties arising from Hearth-money for seven Years to all that should Erect any New Buildings according to his Declaration And therefore Valentine Knight for presuming to Print certain Propositions for Re-building the City with considerable advantages to the Crown was Committed to Custody as being repugnant to the Gracious offers of the King After this Distraction in the City the Parliament met at Westminster according to the time limited at their last Prorogation to whom the King expressed his satisfaction to see them so happily met again making known to them the Progress and vast Expenses of the War and the urgent occasion of supply Whereupon the House resolv'd that the humble and hearty thanks of the House should be return'd to the King for his great Care in the Management of the War and that they would supply him proportionably to his Occasions and afterwards in a Body attended the King in the Banqueting-House to signifie the same to his Majesty in order whereunto they Voted a Supply of 1800000 l. In relation to which in Ianuary following they passed an Act for raising money by a Pole and otherwise toward the maintenance of the present War to which the King gave his Royal Assent in the House of Lords But that not being thought sufficient they so diligently ply'd their business that in February they passed another Act for granting the Sum of Twelve hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and forty seven pounds thirteen shillings for the same reasons and upon the same occasion as the former And to shew their readiness to forward the Re-building of the City they passed another Act for Erecting a Court of Judicature to determine all differences touching Houses Burn'd or Demolish'd in the Fire which with an Act for the Relief of Prisoners was the chief business of this Session being upon the 8 th of February Prorogu'd till the 10 th of October following That Fire which had lay'd the City of London in Ashes now threatned the City of Westminster and the Kings Palace it self having by the misfortune of a Candle falling into the straw violently seiz'd upon the Horse-Guard in the Tilt-yard over against White-Hall burning down the North-West part of the Building but being so close under the King 's own Eye it was by the timely help which the King and the Duke of York caus'd to be apply'd in a very short time stop'd and wholly master'd About this time complaint was made by several Merchants of the ill dealings of the Inhabitants of the Canary-Islands in enhansing the Prizes of their Wines Banishing the English Consul and Factors out of the Island of Tenariff publickly declaring against the Loading or Unloading of the English Ships with other severe dealings with the Merchants of England Traâing thither Upon consideration whereof the King put forth a Proclamation Prohibiting the Importing of any Wines of the growth of the Canary-Islands and all Trade and Commerce with those Parts And at the same time another Proclamation came forth Prohibiting the Importation of any Manufactures Wines Merchandizes or Commodities whatsoever of the Growth of France or of any Lands Territories or Places belonging to the French King No less care was taken for suppressing the Insolencies of the Papists upon the humble Address of the Lords and Commons made to the King to that purpose And therefore all Popish Priests and Jesuits were by publick Proclamation likewise Commanded by a prefix'd time to depart the Kingdom And now the King to justifie his Breaking with Denmark Published a Deduction of all the Transactions of Affairs between Himself and the King of Denmark with his Declaration of War against the said King and the Motives that oblig'd him thereto wherein the King alledges that he had been unavoidably provok'd by the King of Denmark by many Aspersions Indignities and breach of Faith which that King had offered him making the Assault made by His Majesties Ships in the Port of Berghen the Ground of his late entring into a League Offensive and Defensive with the States of the Vnited Provinces whereas in truth his Majesty had the Freedom of that Port frankly offer'd him by the King of Denmark himself at a time when his Majesty thought nothing of it and that in order to the doing those very Acts of Hostility wherewith he was then reproach'd And for a good Omen of his Majesties Success in the beginning of November came News That the Vice-Admiral of Denmark was taken by some of His Majesties Frigats upon the Coast of Scotland Too long had the City now lain in Ashes when Sir George Moore a Proprietor in some Houses in Fleetstreet upon promise of conforming to the Model Form and Scantling set by the Committee appointed by the King for that purpose had liberty given him to begin that great Work which was soon after followed with that Expedition and Beauty that none could imagine but they who beheld it It was a Year of Wonders and this not the least which happen'd in the County of Lincoln where at a place call'd Welborn after a Prodigious Thunder with Hail-stones as big as Pigeons eggs there follow'd a Storm and Tempest with so great violence that it threw down most of the Houses to the ground broke down and tore up Trees by the Roots dispersing the Corn and Hay from thence going to the next Village call'd Willington it threw down some Houses which with the fall kill'd two Children thence proceeding to Nanby it fell so violently upon the Church that it dash'd the Spire in pieces tearing and rending the Church it self both in the Body and Timber-work so that it left little of the Wall standing with the body of the Steeple It was observed to run only in a Chaâel which had it held any considerable breadth could not but have Ruin'd a considerable part of the County But that which after so many severe Calamities reviv'd the Hearts of the City was the absolute ceasing of her devouring Enemy The Sickness in acknowledgment whereof the King order'd a publick day of Thanksgiving In Scotland there happen'd a Riot of no small consequence at Dumfreeze where some persons having gathered the people of the Neighbouring Parishes to the number of about two hundred arm'd with Clubs and Sythes took Sir Iames Turner out of his Bed carried him naked into the Market-place and had much ado to be restrain'd from cutting him in pieces for his severity as they pretended in exacting Fines upon Nonconformists Nor was this contemptible number long ere they increased to a considerable force in all 1600 men and were marching within four miles of Edenburgh when hearing that the whole Country was up in Arms against them they thought it more convenient to return but being set upon by Lieutenant-Colonel Dyel and Major-General Drummond neer Glencarn-Kirk they were totally defeated 500 slain upon the place and
going and returning Sir Iohn dismiss'd them with promise of a speedy answer and upon consultation with the Earl of Bath it was agreed that Sir Ionathan Trelawney Major Sparks and Mr. Windham should go aboard At their approach De Ruyter met them at the Boat-side and inviting them aboard saluted them with 13 Guns excusing what had past and promising for the future that no other acts of that nature should be committed while he continu'd on the Coast. De Wit Doleman the Count de Horne with above 20 Captains more attended the English at the Great Cabin where they offer'd a Present to De Ruyter for his own Table but refus'd any greater supply till Peace should be Proclaim'd Accordingly upon their return the Earl of Bath sent the Admiral a Present of fresh Provisions with a fat Buck and some Fruit which De Ruyter receiv'd with seven Guns as an acknowledgement Notwithstanding De Ruyter's Complement after he parted from Plymouth two of the Dutch Fleet came before the Harbour of Hoy and advancing near the Shoar ply'd with their Broad-sides certain Works that were newly rais'd at the entrie of the Harbour but after an hour and an half they were forc'd to retire with several Shots receiv'd in their Hulls and the loss of one of their Top-Masts and several men without any loss to the English After this they were only seen to hover about the Coasts but without any farther Attempts and Peace ensu'd For about the beginning of Iune the Embassadours of England France and Sweden the Plenipotentiaries of the States and Denmark repair'd to the Castle belonging to the Prince of Orange where there was great care taken to avoid all contests about Precedency A while after Mr. Coventry one of the Embassadors being sent over into England and having receiv'd the King's Answer and Resolution touching the Articles discuss'd and agree'd to by the Plenipotentiaries return'd for Breda so that upon the Twenty first of Iune the Articles were sign'd by the Plenipotentiaries And upon the Fourteenth of August the Ratifications of the Peace were enterchang'd The Mediators first bringing in the Ratifications and other Instruments of the Dutch French and Danes into the English Embassadors Apartment receiv'd from them theirs in Exchange Which done the English Embassadors went into the Apartment of the Dutch and their Allies where they made and receiv'd the Compliments usual upon the Conclusion of so great an Affair The Peace was immediately Proclaim'd before the Doors of the several Plenipotentiaries in their respective Languages Afterwards upon the Twenty fourth of August it was publickly Proclaim'd in the City of London And as if this had not been enough it was afterwards confirm'd by an Additional Treaty made and concluded by Sir William Temple in Ianuary following Having thus pursu'd the Series of the Dutch War and Peace other intervening actions must not be omitted It was murmur'd that the Publick Treasure was wasted and miss-spent the King therefore to satisfie the People Issued out a Commission to several Members of both Houses to take an Accompt of such sums of Money as had been rais'd and assign'd to him during the present War being in all 2477500 l. granted at several times by several Acts with full Power to call to Accompt all Treasurers Pay-masters Receivers and all other Agents and Persons whatsoever And what had not been lately practis'd before by the King this Year the Feast of St. George was kept in his Palace of White-Hall The Earl of Southampton Lord High Treasurer of England being now lately Dead the King did not think fit to give the Place to any particular Person for the present but made the Duke of Albemarle the Lord Ashley Sir Thomas Clifford Sir William Coventry and Sir Iohn Duncomb by a Commission under the Great Seal his Commissioners for executing that Office The Parliament had met according to the Kings Proclamation in Iuly but were then Prorogu'd again till the Tenth of October at which time being again Assembled the King gave for one reason of his last Prorogation That it was to give himself time to do some things in the mean time which he hop'd would not be unwelcome to them which he had since done leaving his other Reasons to be deliver'd by the Lord Keeper who not only afterwards enlarg'd upon the King's Reasons for the said Prorogation but also recommended to them the Obstructions of Trade and the settlement of such a Ballance of Trade between England and Scotland that neither we should be prejudic'd by the Import of their Commodities here nor they put to seek new places of Vent abroad As to the Money rais'd for the War he told them what the King had done in reference to calling all Persons to Account and had committed the Examination thereof to themselves to follow their own Method adding withal that if any grievances had happen'd his Majesty would be as willing to have them Redress'd as they to have them Represented not doubting but that they would endeavour to Imprint the known Truth into his Subject hearts that there was no distinct Interest between the King and his People The Commons taking into Consideration the King's Speech resolv'd to return him their humble Thanks to which purpose having obtain'd the Concurrence of the Lords the Two Houses in a Body attended the King in the Banqueting-House where the Lord Keeper in the Name of the Two Houses made known to the King That they His Majesties Loyal and Faithful Subjects having taken into their serious Consideration the Speech wherein he was pleas'd to let them know the reasons of their last Prorogation which was to give himself time to do some things which would not be unwelcome to them but be a Foundation of a greater Confidence for the Future between the King and them They found themselves in duty bound to give him thanks and particularly for that he had Disbanded the New-rais'd Forces that he had dismist the Papists from his Guards and other Military Imployments for his Care in quickning the Execution of the Act restraining the Importation of Canary That He had seen the Canary Patent Vacated And Lastly for his displacing the Lord Chancellor But the Parliament having Sate till the Middle of December pass'd several Acts among the rest An Act for taking an account of the several Sums of Money therein mention'd An Act for Banishing and Disenabling the Earl of Clarenden to which when the King had given his Consent by Commission they Adjourn'd till February And because it was a general Complaint among the Seamen and Souldiers who had been in Service that they were frequently constrain'd to give money or lose some part of their Wages to recover the rest the King therefore for the more effectual Redress of such abuses if any were appointed the Duke of York and several of the Lords of the Council to receive and hear all such Complaints as any Sea-man or Souldier should
room But now to take the charge from-both the Lord Roberts arrives at Dublin Upon the news of this change the Lord Mayor and Aldermen the Provost of the Colledge the Dean of Christ-Church and most of the Clergy attended the Lord Ossory where the one acknowledged the many benefits which the City had received from the Government of his Father and himself the other the many benefits which the Church had enjoy'd as well by their good Examples as by the plentiful provision made them by the Clergy The reception of the new Lord-Deputy was intended to have been made with much State and Solemnity but he waving those publick Honours met the Lord-Deputy and the Council at the Council-Chamber the same Evening after his arrival where after he had taken the usual Oath the Lord-Deputy deliver'd him the Sword He was no fooner enter'd upon his Government but he issu'd out a Proclamation commanding all Governors and Officers to repair to their several Charges and Duties not admitting any dispânsation to the contrary London had long layn in Ashes and the Confluence of all the World had been as long confin'd within the narrow limits of a Colledge-Court but now again the Merchants to their great satisfaction and the lasting Merits of Sir William Turner then Lord Mayor whose indââaâigable paââ and zeal was Eminent in advancing and forwarding so great a Work met in the Royal Exchange a Fabrick equal to the Honour of the Undertakers and holding a true proportion with the rest of the Goodly Buildings of the Reviving City But now men began to listen after things a higher Nature seeing both Houses of Parliament again Assembled upon the 19th of October The King in a Speech acquainted them With his joy to see them at that time and the hopes he had of a happy meeting which he promis'd himself from the great experience he had of their Affection and Loyalty of which he did not doubt the Continuance briefly minding them of his Debts which though pressing he was unwilling to call for their Assistance till this time acquainâing them also that what they last gave was wholly apply'd to the Navy and to the Extraordinary Fleet for which it was intended desiring they would now take his Debts effectually into their Consideration Afterwards hinting to them a Proposal of great Importance concerning the Vniting of England and Scotland which because it requir'd some length he left that and some other things to the Lord Keeper to open more fully which was by him done and then both Houses Adjourn'd At the beginning of November both Houses in pursuance of a Vote which they had made attended the King in the Banqueting House where the Lord Chief Justice Vaughan supplying the Room of the Lord Keeper in the name of both Houses return'd their Humble Thanks to the King for his Care of the Publick in Issuing out his Proclamation for the suppressing of Conventicles Humbly desiring his Majesty to continue the same care for the future In Reply to which his Majesty return'd an Answer to the satisfaction of both Houses But now Christmas drawing near and having sate above a Month without effecting any thing of consequence the Lords sent the Usher of the Black-Rod to the House of Commons to tell them That by Vertue of the King's Commission they desird their Attendance who Attending accordingly with their Speaker the Commission was read and the Parliament Prorogu'd till the 24th of February next ensuing At the same time that the Parliament of England sate at Westminster the Parliament of Scotland sate at Edenburgh where the Earl of Lauderdale having taken the Chair of State as Lord Commissioner of Scotland the Earls Commission was first read and then the doubtful Elections of Members refer'd to Examination That done the Kings Letter to the Parliament was twice read seconded by a shorter from the Lord Chancellor perswading them to a concurrence with the King in his Design of Uniting the Two Kingdoms Then they proceeded to Elect the Lords of the Articles the Bishops choosing Eight Bishops and those Eight Eight of the Nobility and these Sixteen making choice of Eight Knights and as many Burgesses by whom all Affairs were to be prepar'd for the House During this Session they Publish'd an Act for the Naturalization of Strangers within the Kingdom of Scotland Declaring that all Strangers of the Protestant Religion that should think fit to bring their Estates into the said Kingdom or should come to set up new Works and Manufactures therein should be Naturaliz'd as Native-Born Subjects of that Kingdom to all intents and purposes The King farther Declaring That upon application by such Strangers made to him he would grant them the free and publick use of their Religion in their own Language and the Libertie of having Churches of their own However no persons were to have the benefit of the said Act till first by Petition to the Lords of the Privy-Council containing an exact designation of their Names and places of Birth and former residences and that tâey be of the Protâstant Religion They also made another Act asserting his Majesty's Supremacy over all persons and in all Causes Ecclesiastical By Sea little was this Year done only Sir Thomas Allen being again sent with a Squadron of Ships about the beginning of August came before Argier and sending in his Boat began to Treat they in Argier seem'd willing to make restitution of such Money as they had taken from an English ship bound for the East-Indies but not agreeing to some other demands the Treaty prov'd ineffectual thereupon he began actual Hostility seizing a Bark laden with Corn which rode in the Bay with eleven Moors and a Brigantine which he took in view of the Town From hence having done little or nothing else considerable he set sail for Tripoly the Bashaw of which place sent him an assurance of his readyness to prâserve Peace and a good Correspondence with the King of Great Britain And after a short crusing up and down in those Seas he return'd for Cadiz where this Year leaves him But being now so neer the English Territories at Tangier the King of England's Embassador Mr. Henry Howard must not be forgot who being sent by the King his Embassador Extraordinary to the Emperour of Morocco at that time Taffalette by vertue of his new Conquests was now arriv'd at Tangier but understanding the danger of hazarding his person among those Barbarians stay'd at that place expecting a sufficient strength to convoy and conduct him to his place of Audience In November he receiv'd his Safe-Conduct with an assurance from the Emperour that he should not fail of receiving all satisfaction in order to whatsoever he should desire for his security and that he had already caus'd Justice to be done to such as were found guilty of giving any affronts to his people And true it was that he caus'd all the English which were taken by the
agreed upon by the Respective Ministers meeting at the Spanish Embassador's-House at the Hague where they sign'd and exchang'd all acts thereto belonging Anno Dom. 1670. IN the beginning of April the Parliament having prepar'd several Acts ready for the King to signe the King came to the House of Lords and gave his Royal Assent signifying also his consent for an Adjournment till the 24 of October ensuing having only granted the King an Imposition upon all Wines and Vinegar for such a certain time And prepar'd a Bill to Authorize such Commissioners as the King should nominate for treating with the Scotch Commissioners in order to the Union desir'd This Moneth also the Lord Iohn Berkley arriv'd in Dublin to succeed the Lord Roberts as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland who upon weighty considerations was call'd back again into England And now in this time of leisure the Princess of Orleans comes to Dover to visit her two Brothers his Majesty and the Duke of York her stay in England was short and her stay in this World not much longer for in a short while after her return into France she departed this life the Court of England being not only grieved but astonished at the suddenness of her death Upon some apprehension of private designes a Proclamation was issu'd out commanding all Souldiers and Officers who had serv'd under the late Usurped Powers to depart the City and not to come within twenty miles of the same for a prefix'd time and in the mean while not to wear Arms upon a severe penalty The Parliament of Scotland now sitting and understanding what the Parliament of England had done in that Affair the Act for the Treaty of Union pass'd both Houses at Edenburgh and was touch'd by the Commissioner with the Royal Scepter of which although the designe were of high concernment yet because the Event was not correspondent it will be enough to say that the Commissioners on both sides had often Conferences and great encouragements from the King but it met with so many delays and difficulties that as a thing not to be compass'd it was at length laid aside The King was every year very intent upon the suppression of the Pyrates of Argier which was the only War he now had wherein though his Commanders had prosper'd by taking particular Prizes and single Ships yet never could they meet with a Body of those Rovers to signalize their Courage till now neither was this a Body of above seaven men of War too many for the Algerines to run the Fate they did There were the Hampshire Portsmouth Iersey and Centurion Frigats under the Command of Captain Beach these met the seven Argier Men of War the least of which had 38 Guns and full of Men who after a short dispute were forc'd to run all their Ships ashore where they were all burn'd two by themselves and the rest by the English besides the loss of most of their men and the Redemption of 250 Christian Captives Valour gets Renown but Cowardise Disgrace therefore Captain Iohn Peirce and Andrew Legate for the loss of the Saphire Fregat in the Streights were both about this time which was in September try'd for their Lives at a Court Marshal held upon the River of Thames where it plainly appearing that the said Frigat was basely and shamefully lost through the default and cowardise of the said Captain and Lieutenant they were both Condemn'd to be Shot to Death and soon after both Executed Both Houses of Parliament re-assembl'd according to their Adjournment This Month the Ratification of the Peace between England and Spain beyond the Line was agree'd and Ratifi'd and the Ratifications Exchang'd and Notice given to the Governors in those Parts for the punctual observation thereof on both sides In the mean while the Prince of Orange Arrives to give his Uncle a Visit He came to London upon the 30th of October but his stay here was not long However he visited both the Universities and his entertainmenâ was in all places answerable to the Dignity of his Person His coming no question had a Mysterie in it but Mysteries of State are not to be div'd into However at the beginning of the Spring he return'd well satisfi'd both as to his Publick Reception and private Concerns In November Sir Thomas Allen return'd home with his Squadron having made many attempts upon the Pyrates of Argier whose Cowardice still shuning the English Force made the Voyage seem the less successful leaving Sir Edward Sprage in his Room December seldom passes without some act of Villany one more remarkable was at this time perform'd for the Duke of Ormond going home in his Coach was between St. Iames'â and Clarendon-House by six persons Arm'd and Mounted forc'd out of his Coach and set behind one of the Company who was riding away with him but he was at length Rescu'd partly by his own strength partly by others coming to his Assistance A Fact which rendred the performers not so bold as it render'd the Duke Memorable in his Forgiveness Sir Edward Sprage was now the King's Admiral in the Mediterranean Sea of whose Action the next year must give a farther Accompt The Parliament having at this time compleated several Acts the King came to the House and gave his Royal Assent to them being chiefly for Regulation of the Law and for an Additional Excise upon Beer and Ale During this Session the Lords and Commons by their Humble Petition Represented to the King Their fears and apprehensions of the growth and encrease of the Popish Religion whereupon the King in compliance with their desires by His Proclamation commanded all Iesuits and English Irish and Scotch Priests and all others that had taken Orders from the See of Rome except such as were by Contract of Marriage to wait upon the Queen or Forreign Embassadors to depart the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales upon pain of having the Laws and Statutes of the Realm inflicted upon them Forrein Affairs 1670. The first occurrence of Moment is the Election of the new Pope Cardinal Altieri who at first refus'd the Honour but the perswasion of the Cardinals prevailing he told them they had open'd upon Him the Gates of Hell and so yielded to their importunity He had no Nephews and therefore Adopted Cardinal Paluzzi whose Brother had Married his Neece And now the Grandeur of the House of Orange began to revive again The States Concluding in a full Assembly his admission into the Council of State and setling an honourable Pension upon him Nor was he long without the Title of their Captain General by Sea and Land In Flanders some Alteration happen'd by reason that the Constable of Castile growing sickly could not abide the trouble of business any longer he departed privately to Ostend and so by Sea for Spain in his place the Count de Monterey was soon advanced While Tangier makes us concern'd
manner as any of his Ancestors had enjoy'd they also renounc'd that perpetual Edict by which they had oblig'd themselves never to admit of a Stadtholder and discharg'd the Prince of the Oath he had taken never to accept of that Dignity which thing thus begun by a Tumult was afterwards Confirm'd in a full Assembly of the States General There were at this time taken from them by the French several Towns and Forts some of them of great Importance and by the Bishop of Munster six and besides this by the former Maestricht by the latter Groninghen Besiedg'd their Fleet in Port patching up their bruises Yet now the King of England compassionating their Condition and believing those misfortunes might have rendred 'um more humble sent over the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Arlington to try if now at length they would hearken to any Reasonable Terms of Accommodation It was remarkable with what joy and satisfaction they were receiv'd by the People the Men Women and Children joyning in their Acclamations as they pass'd along the Streets God bless the King of England God bless the Prince of Orange and the Devil take the States They passed from Holland through the Prince of Orange's Camp to Vtrecht where they found the King of France who had now reduc'd the whole Province of whom they had their Publick Audience in the Camp thither likewise came the Lord Hallifax sent by the King of England as his Envoy Extraordinary and was after his Audience joyn'd with them in Commission being thus all together they attended the Motion of the Camp in expectation of Plenipotentraries from Holland upon their last Proposition While they are upon Extraordinary Affairs abroad Henry Coventry Esq now return'd from Sweden is made Secretary of State at home in the room of Sir Iohn Trevor deceas'd and the Duke of Richmond Arrives in Sweden Embassador Extraordinary from the Court of England where he afterwards Dy'd Toward the Latter end of this Month the Duke of Buckingham Earl of Arlington and Lord Hallifax Arriv'd at White-Hall having expected fourteen days in the French Camp the return of the Dutch Deputies so that all which they effected at that time was a Promissory Act between the two Kings not to treat or conclude without a Participation and Inclusion of each others Interests which was afterwards form'd into Articles and Ratifi'd and Exchang'd with the French Embassadour at London The King of France had now drawn the Gross of his Army from the Neighbourhood of Amsterdam Marching for Boys-le-dâc and Maestricht both which he left block'd up the first by Turenne the second by Chamille and being satisfi'd at present with the Victorious Progress he had made return'd for Paris Yet the taking of Nimmenghen by Storm wherein were made Prisoners of War 4000 of the best Soldiers which the Dutch had and the appearance of the English Fleet upon the Coast of Holland was occasion enough to continue the Tumults and Insurrections which were now so general that there was scarce a Town in Holland where the people were not Masterless 'T is true the heat of Action began to cool for some time nor did the English Fleet do any thing more considerable but onely keep the Seas besides that they mist the taking of the Dutch East-Indie-Fleet of which there was only this account that the Cambridge and Bristol being upon the Scout had met with the East Indie-Fleet with whom there happen'd a smart Encounter insomuch that the Cambridge was forc'd to ly by to splice her Rigging and that though they both followed 'um again and gave 'um many Broad-sides yet because they could no way separate 'um nor the Bristol could carry out her lower tire they were forc'd to quit the Fight Only one ship too severely chac'd was forc'd to destroy her self This Moneth the Earl of Essex arriv'd in Ireland and having taken the usual Oath had the Sword delivered to him as Lord-Deputy of Ireland in the room of the Lord Berkley In Holland the Prince of Orange being now setled in the Supream Authority did not a little win the favour of the people by endeavouring to call to an account the chief of those who had been their former Leaders Among the rest he Imprisons Ruart Van Putten and his Brother De Wit Van Putten was accus'd of an Intention to have destroyed the Prince of Orange by the assistance of a Barber who was to have receiv'd from him a considerable sum of Money for doing it The Court of Holland upon examination of their Crimes having Condemned both the Brothers to lose all their dignities and employments and ordered 'um to quit the Country as Banish'd men Thereupon De Wit goes to the Prison to fetch away his Brother but the people being incensed that they deserved a greater punishment as they were coming out again forc'd 'um back again broke open the Prison-door hal'd 'um out and thus the Rabble having got 'um into their possession never left till they had beat and trampled 'um to death This not sufficing they dragg'd their dead Bodies about the Streets cut off their Fingers and Ears and then hung 'um up naked by the Heels upon the Gallows such was the miserable end of those two Brothers The first good fortune that befel the Dutch next to that of the escape of their East-Indie Fleet was the defence of Groninghen to which the Bishop of Munster had laid a most furious and close Siege but notwithstanding all his fury after several attacques and the loss of many men was at length forced to break up his Siege and depart having battered and burnt down above two hundred Houses with his Guns and Granadoes The Dutch had no question promised themselves great matters from the Emperour but there was nothing appear'd to give them any hopes till at length a general Treaty was concluded for the publick Security and general Defence of the Empire at Ratisbone which though it prov'd slow as passing three Colledges That of the Electors That of the Princes and That of the Free-Towns yet after this Conclusion the Imperial Forces being upon their march from one side and the Brandenburgher on the other to make a conjunction upon the Frontiers of the Enemy made a very seasonable diversion to give the Netherlander some breathing time so that Turenne was forc'd to draw off to attend their motion toward Leipstadt and the Bishop of Munster thought it convenient to look toward his own Territories for fear of the Brandenburgher So that now the Prince of Orange had some time to look after the Civil affairs and to settle disorders at home which he did by a change of the Magistrates in most of the Towns of the Low Countries wherein he was not a little encouraged by the satisfaction which it gave the generality of the people who now began to bâ by little and little better composed in their mindes In England the Parliament
which was to have met in October next was upon weighty considerations adjourned till the fourth of February following But in Scotland the Parliament had sate till this very time and had made several Act for the publick good of the Nation among the rest one that gave toward the defraying the King's Expences 864000 l. Sterling About this time also the Duke returning to London from the Fleet put an end to all further expectations of any considerable actions at Sea this year But to return to the French Camp Marshal Turenne upon the approach of the Imperialists and Brandenburghers sends to the Electors and Princes of the Empire to let them know in the King of France's Name That it was not the King's intention to meddle with any thing that belonged to the Empire and that if any of his Troops had entred into it it was the inevitable consequences of the War against the United Provinces and therefore understanding that several Forces were upon their march toward his Conquests to disturb his Possession and to give occasion of jealousie to his Allies he was therefore obliged to pass his Army over the Rhine And as for the Duke of Brandenburgh that the King had frequently requested him not to meddle with a War in which he had no concern And therefore if things went further they were desir'd to take notice that it was once in their power to have preserved the peace of the Empire and their own The Elector of Cologne and Bishop of Munster openly declared at the Dyet against the March of the Imperialists but the rest being for the most part Deputies could make no Reply without larger Commissions But the Duke of Hanover absolutely shew'd his dislike of their March by denying them passage through his Territories But now Sir Edw. Sprague gives us occasion to return to Sea again who being left with a Squadron to keep the Seas went to the Northwards where he spoil'd the Dutch Fishing-trade taking a Buss several Doggers and 350 Prisoners By Land Fortune might have been more kinde to a young General such as was the Prince of Orange in his first attempts but she favour'd him not at all For whereas he thought to have done great things he had still the worst in all his chiefest designes first at Woerden which he thought to have retaken from the French but being encounter'd by the Duke of Luxemburgh was forc'd to retreat with the loss of above 1500 of his men the second time at Charleroy which he had surrounded with the assistance of Count Marciâ in order to lay a formal Siege to the place but being assail'd from without by the Sieur Montal and by the Garrison from within he was forc'd to raise his Siege and march off having lost neer 700 of his Souldiers the last in his attacque upon Swart-sluce where his designe again failing above 1600 of the Dutch came short home As for any thing else this year there was little considerable done either by the Prince Turenne or Bournonvile who was now General of the Imperialists in the place of Montecuculi Onely a kinde of Chess-play among the great Commanders and moving of the Armies from place to place as the Commanders saw most for their advantage yet for all that Turenne got ground and advanced as far as Hoxter Returning home we finde some changes of great Officers The Lord-Keeper Bridgeman desirous through Age to resigne his place the Earl of Shaftsbury was in his room made Lord-Chancellor of England and not long after the Commissioners of the Treasury laid aside and Thomas Lord Clifford Controuler made Lord High Treasurer And now the time coming on for opening the Exchequer again the King by another Declaration signified that the same inevitable Necessities still continuing which urg'd him to make the first stop did now compel him to make a second till the first of May ensuing In Holland the Duke of Luxenburgh General for the King of France taking advantage of the Frost with a great body of men advances almost as far as Leyden forces the Dutch from the strong Posts of Bodegrave Newerbrug and Swammerdam and takes them which put the Cities of Leyden and Amsterdam into such a Consternation that the Dutch to defend themselves were forc'd to cut their Dikes and put the Country under Water which caus'd such an Inundation that all the course Goods in Cellars and Ware-houses were utterly spoil'd being forcâd to bring all their Cattle into New Town and to kill great numbers of them meerly for want of Fodder for them But among all these disasters the retaking of Coverden did not a little revive them which they took with little loss the Bishop of Munster having drawn out a considerable part of the Garrison a little before upon some other designe Toward the beginning of December the Duke of Richmond Extraordinary Embassador from the King of England to the Court of Denmark departed this life He had been at Elsenore to dispatch the English Fleet there in a season of much Snow and very excessive Cold whence going aboard the Yarmouth-Frigat toward the Evening he return'd to shore in the ships Pinnace but in his passage was so pierc'd with the extremity of the sharp Air that before he came to the Shore he was insensible of what he did and in that condition being carried to his Calesche expired therein in his passage to Elsenore Upon his death the vacant honour of Knight of the Garter was supplied by the Earl of Southampton who was immediately Elected by the Soveraign and Companions of the Order It was no time to act but to provide for War and therefore the King in order to his preparations for the next Spring for the encouragement of his Seamen puts forth a Proclamation promising to every Seaman that would voluntarily List themselves in a Second Rate a free Largess to the value of six Weeks pay and to every one that would voluntarily List themselves in a Third Rate a free Largess to the value of one Moneths pay And further that their Pay should begin from the very first day of their Listing themselves Toward the latter end of the Year the Parliament the time of Prorogation being expired met again and being summoned to attend the King in the House of Lords the Chancellor by the King's Command acquainted them that by the advancement of Sir Edward Turner to be Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer the place of Speaker of the House was void and being thereupon directed to choose a new one they returned to the House and elected Sir Iob Charleton In the Afternoon of the same day the King met them again in the Lords House where after he had approved their choice he declared to them the success and charge of the War and his resolutions to carry it on with their assistance for the honour of the Nation which particulars were more largely insisted upon by the Lord Chancellor The
next day being resolv'd into a Grand Committee upon their taking into consideration the King 's and the Lord Chancellor's Speeches they made an unanimous Vote that a supply should be given the King of 18 Moneths Assessment not exceeding 70000 l. a Moneth While they were thus acting Sir Iob Charleton falls sick and his Indisposition continuing the House by the King's permission chose a new Speaker Edward Seymor Esq by Name a person of great Loyalty and known ability Soon after they presented the King an humble Address for satisfying and composing the mindes of his Majesties Subjects To which the King return'd for Answer That he did readily and freely agree thereto That on the other side it was five Moneths since he had demanded a Supply and that their Vnanimous Vote did both give life to his Affairs and disheartned the Enemy but their delay would make them take new courage That the Enemy was preparing a greater Fleet than ever they had and therefore desir'd them that the fears and jealousies of some might not bring a Ruine upon all That if there were any Scruples remaining with them concerning the suspention of Penal Laws He promis'd that what had been already done should not be drawn into future Example Lastly That as he expected the Bill for his supply so He should as willingly receive and pass any other to give them satisfaction The Effect of all which appear'd at the beginning of the following Year Forrein Affairs 1672. The most important difference between the Lesser Princes and States of Christendom was between the Duke of Savoy and the State of Genoa who taking advantage of a difference between the Officers and Souldiers of the Garrison had surpris'd Oneglia and the Territories thereto belonging Thereupon the Duke with a strong Army invades the Jurisdiction of the Genoeses takes Guado the Key of the Genoese State towards Monâferrat after that Sissello a most delicious place and full of rich Booty together with Iustinesi Not thus content he over-ran all the Riviera toward Nizza and retakes the Principality of Oneglia But then by the Interposition of the King of France first a Cessation then a Peace was Concluded Nor was Poland without a great share of Civil Dissention by reason of great differences between one part of the Nobility who were term'd Male-contents and the other part of the Nobility who sided with the King The Army under Sobieskie undertook the Defence of the Male-contents and Marches for Warsaw under pretence of protecting their Nobility which were so severely prosecuted The Archbishop of Gnesne a potent Prelate kept himself from Court in Opposition to the Kings Interests though all endeavours were used to reconcile him In this posture the Popes Nuntio arrives to Mediate but it was too hard a task to be accomplisht this Year From these troubles Casimire having withdrawn himself by a timely Resignation liv'd for some time privately in France where he this Year dy'd of an Apoplexy at Nevers But his Death was not so much taken notice of as the Death of the Empress to whom this Year was equally Fatal Anno Dom. 1673. THE first remarkable passages of this year were the Transactions in Parliament who being press'd by the King for a Supply fell with that seriousness and quickness to their Work that by the latter end of March they had compleated several Bills among the rest an Act for raising the Sum of One hundred thirty eight thousand seven hundred and fifty thousand pound for supply of his Majesties Extraordinary occasions And another Act of General and Free Pardon To which when the King had given his Assent the Parliament was Adjourn'd till the 20th of October next ensuing About this time the Earl of Northumberland being Dead and the Family of the Peircies being Extinct one Iames Percy an ordinary Mechanick coming out of Ireland laid claim both to the Title and Estate and went so far as to present a Petition to the House of Lords to hear him in Relation to his Claim but when his Petition came to be read notwithstanding that he had two Months time given him before and that he had caus'd above forty Witnesses to be sworn at the Bar he made so little of any probability appear toward his said Claim that the Lords resolv'd that the Petition of the said Iames Percy should be dismiss'd and that they would consider how to proceed against him as an Impostor Much about this time was the Island of Tabago taken from the Dutch by the English under the Command of Sir Tobias Bridges with a Booây of 400 prisoners and as many Negroes though a greater loss hapn'd to the English by the taking of Sr. Hellenâs by the Dutch and might have prov'd great Obstruction to the Trade of the East-Indies had it not been soon after regain'd by the English with a more fatal Loss to the Dutch of Three very considerable East-India ships which with the regaining of the Island was such a seasonable piece of Service perform'd by Captain Monday that the King himself thought it worthy the honour of a Knighthood which was conferr'd upon him at his return in August when he brought along with him both the good News and Prizes But now the English and Dutch Fleets being abroad Actions of higher Importance call to be related wherein it will not be amiss to follow the whole Series of this Years Maritime Transactions without any digression The Belgians first got to Sea and shew'd themselves at the Rivers Mouth with an intention to have stopt up the Mouth of the Thames by sinking several great Ships in the Narrow Passages of the Channel call'd the Middle-ground but the broadness of the Channel and the commodiousness of other Channels rendred their Attempts altogether in vain Prince Rupert who Commandâd the English Fleet that he might not seem to be shut in sails toward the Enemy wâo unwilling to abide his coming recover their own Shoar The Prince therefore sails away for the Streights of Calis with an intention to joyn with the Fleet from Portsmouth and the French and coming to Dunganess there casts Anchor in expectation of their coming who were not long absent in this interim no small danger threatned the Admiral by which the Edgar and Lyon were forc'd from their Anchors by the accidental firing of a Fireship But now the French consisting of 27 great Ships and the Portsmouth Fleet being joyn'd with the rest of the Navy the Prince resolves to visit the Dutch Coast and comes before Schonevelt where the Fleet of the Enemy lay the Prince's intention was to have Engag'd but the Sea growing rough they came to an Anchor till the 28th The morning proving fair and a fresh Gale the English prepare to Engage to which end the Prince Commands some 35 of the more nimble Frigats to provoke 'um out of the Sands with which they lay surrounded but they contrary to expectation boldly come âorth and in excellent
with him hasts to the St. George and puts up the Flag which when the Earl of Ossory saw who had in the mean time brought new Foresails to his Yards he sent Norborough to tell him that if he would he would set upon Tromp and board him if he had assistance Sprague praises his resolution bids him go on and he would immediately be with him But his suddain death was the loss of a Noble Designe For he had not been long aboard the St. George when through the loss of her Main-mast he was forc'd to forsake her too and as he was going aboard the Royal Charles the Boat being shatter'd to pieces by an accidental shot he was himself drown'd in the Ocean over which he had so often Triumph'd After Sprague's ship had lost her Masts Tromp confident of carrying her bore up briskly and gave her a Broad-side and brought up two Fire-ships but all in vain for as he pass'd by he was so severely gall'd by the Earl of Ossory that he had hardly time to discharge six of his own Guns Neither did the Earl of Ossory leave the Flag-ship till he saw her tow'd off by the Hampshire Tromp sufficiently wearied having got his Squadron together at first retir'd but when he saw De Ruyter coming toward him he stay'd By and by the Prince was to be discern'd a far off with his Squadron who had born the brunt of the Zealand-Squadron and De Ruyter all the day for the French having gain'd the Wind in the beginning of the Fight never came in but at two of the clock the Prince and De Ruyter as it were by consent seem'd to leave off for both being sollicitous for the rest of their Fleets whom they saw afar off sail'd peaceably and directed their course toward their Friends though all the while within Cannon-shot But now De Ruyter being joyn'd with his own falls upon the Blue endeavouring to separate that Squadron from the Prince but in vain the Prince making all haste to come in and the other seasonably joyning with him Then began a most sharp dispute on both sides at what time the Prince sending two Fire-ships guarded by Captain Leg upon the Enemy put them into such a confusion that had the French then come in being as they were Masters of the Wind the Dispute with the Dutch concerning the Dominion of the Sea had certainly been at an end The Dutch lost two Flag-Officers several Captains and about 1000 Common Seamen Among the English Sprague was much lamented Captain Neve was slain Reeves and Heywood died of their Wounds Of the French but one Commander slain The loss of Common English Seamen was not so great being chiefly in the Earl of Ossory's and Sir Edward Sprague's ships About the middle of Iune the Lord Clifford of Chudleigh resign'd his Staff as Lord-Treasurer into the King's hands and Sir Thomas Osborn created Viscount Osborn of Dumblaine in Scotland and afterwards Earl of Danby in England was made Lord-Treasurer in his room Upon the 10 th of October the Parliament meeting according to their last Adjournment were Prorogu'd by Commission till the 27 th of the same Moneth then meeting again they were prorogu'd till the seventh of Ianuary following After which the King having taken the Great Seal from the Earl of Shaftsbury gave it to his Attorney-General Sir Heneage Finch afterwards created Lord Daventry in the County of Northampton Soon after His Majesty was pleas'd to call before him in Council the two Lord Chief-Justices and the Lord Chief-Baron commanding them to consider of the most effectual means for putting the Laws in Execution for preventing the growth of Popery and at the same time ordered that no Roman-Catholick or so reputed should presume after the 18 th of November to come into his presence to his Palace or where his Court should be and the Lord-Steward and Lord-Chamberlain of the Houshold were ordered to see the same effectually put in execution And by further Order a little after forbid them to come neer St. Iames's House or into the Park Immediately after in pursuance of his Gracious Assurance to both Houses of Parliament His Majesty issued out his Royal Proclamation to the same effect further requiring the Judges and all Justices of the Peace to take effectual care for the prosecution of all Papists and Popish Recusants according to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm About the latter end of November the Dutchess of Modena arriving at Dover in order to her Intermarriage with his Royal Highness the Duke of York was there met by the Duke and some few days after coming from Gravesend to London by Water was by his Majesty and divers of the Nobility met in Barges upon the River and so conducted to White-hall where after her Royal Highness had been received in the most obliging and kinde manner by her Majesty she was conducted to St. Iames's Within few days after their Royal Highnesses gave Audience to the French Portugal Swedish and Danish Embassadors as likewise to the Residents of Venice and Newburgh who all went to Complement them upon their late Marriage About this time his Majesty the great numbers of extraordinary Servants that had been sworn and admitted into his Service who making use of the Protections they receiv'd thereby did obstruct the due course of Law issued forth an Order in Council whereby all persons that did not by vertue of their Places receive Fee Wages Salary Diet or Board-wages should be absolutely disabled from making use of any Protection whatsoever for the future to save them from the prosecution of their Creditors From Tangier came Intelligence that the Earl of Middleton Governour understanding the defeat and death of Gayland and the great success of Muly Ishmael in those parts and having receiv'd a kinde Letter from the said Muly Ishmael purporting his great desire to be in Amity with the Governour and a proposition of sending Commissioners to treat with him accordingly appointed Major White Alderman Read and Mr. Wollaston for that purpose with full power and Instructions to conclude a Peace and Treaty of Commerce and particularly for the Redemption of the Captives in Sally wherein the Earl doubted not the same success as he had had with Gayland above a year before with whom he had made so firm a Peace that the Moors and Inhabitants of Tangier convers'd together as if they had been one Nation Notwithstanding the vigour and fury of the War yet neither in the height of this years Preparation nor Action were the thoughts of Peace laid aside but rather all endeavours tending thereto vigorously pursued To this purpose a Treaty was concluded on between the King of England and the Dutch whereat the Allies of both Parties were to be present The place accepted of by the King of England was Cologne whither by the middle of Summer and some before came all the Plenipotentiaries of the several Confederates For the King of Great Britain Sir Ioseph Williamson and Sir
and that he did not receive the profits of it But the Emperour denied he knew of his being a Plenipotentiary and that it was not for one of his Subjects to take up Interests contrary to the Interest of his Soveraign and would not hear of his Release During these Treaties the King of France had possess'd himself of a great part of the Palatinate and had put a Garrison into Germerstein of 300 Souldiers yet proffered the Elector if he would stand Neuter to satisfie him for all his Damages and to withdraw his Souldiers out of Gemerstein and put it into the Hands of any Neutral Prince of the Empire which he refus'd upon Caprara's coming to his Succour The Switzers to hinder the King of France from coming into Burgundy offered that Burgundy might stand Neutur proffering themselves security that that Province should punctually observe the Neutrality and that they would guard the Avenues into it against any Forces of the Empire And thus stood Affairs at the end of this year Anno Dom. 1674. PEace being now concluded between the English and the Dutch this Year was not memorable for much at home The first motion of the Court this Moneth was to Windsor where the Earl of Mulgrave was Install'd Knight of the Garter This Moneth also the King by his Embassador the Lord Lockhart offer'd his Mediation between the King of France and the Queen of Spain to compose the differences betwixt them And to the end he might be no way concern'd in their differences by publick Proclamation forbid any of his Subjects to enter into the Service of any forrain Prince He also set forth a Proclamation forbidding the broaching and uttering false and scandalous News as also against any that should talk impertinently of the Government or the Governours In May Sir Lionel Ienkins and Sir Ioseph Williamson return'd to London from Cologne Who were followed into England by the Baron de Reed Van Benninghen and Van Haren Extraordinary Embassadors from the States of Holland In Iune came a strict Proclamation against the Jesuites and Friests Commanding their discovery and apprehension and promising five pounds for every one that should be discovered and taken Toward the beginning of September upon Resignation of the Duke of Buckingham the Duke of Mânmouth was made Chancellor of the University of Cambridge The Ceremony was performed with all its circumstances at Worcester-house in London Not long after the Right Honourable the Earl of St. Albans having resign'd into his Majesty's Hands the Staff of Office of Lord-Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold his Majesty was pleas'd to give it to the Right Honourable the Earl of Arlington in recompence of his long and faithful Services and particularly for having performed to his Majesties satisfaction for the space of twelve years the Offiâe of Principal Secretary of State which his Majesty was pleas'd to conâer at the same time upon the Right Honourable Sir Ioseph Williamson Knight one of the Clerks then of his Majesties most Honourable Privy-Council for his long and faithful service in the said Office under Sir Edward Nicholas and the Earl of Arlington and in his place Philip Lloyd Esq was sworn one of the Clerks of the Privy-Council Upon the 22 of September his Majesty was pleas'd to cause a Proclamation to be published for the further prorogation of the Parliament from the 10 th of November till the 13 th of April ensuing In the beginning of December the Earls of Ossory and Arlington together with the Heer Odike not long before Extraordinary Embassador in England arrived at the Hagne where they went to pay their Respects to the Prince of Orange About the same time was concluded between his Majesties Commissioners and those of the States General of the Vnited Provinces a Treaty Marine for all parts of the World in pursuance of the 8 th and 9 th Articles of the late Treaty of Peace made at Westminster the February before and was after ratifi'd by the States in the beginning of February following Presently after His Majesty having been graciously pleased to Translate the Right Reverend Father in God Dr. Crew Bishop of Oxford and Clerk of the Closet to his Majesty to the Sea of Durham made choice of the Honourable Dr. Compton Brother to the Right Honourable the Earl of Northampton to succeed in his place Toward the middle of December His Majesty having been pleased at his entertainment at Guild-Hall when Sir Robert Viner was newly Lord-Mayor of the City graciously and freely to condescend to the acceptance of the Freedom of London in the Chamberlains Office from the Hands of Sir Thomas Player Chamberlain beyond the Example of any of his Predecessors The said Sir Robert Viner Lord-Mayor thereupon having first obtained his Majesties leave presented his Majesty in the Name of the City with the Copy of the Freedom in a large square Box of Massie Gold the Seal of the Freedom hanging at it enclosed in a Box of Gold set all over with large Diamonds Toward the beginning of Ianuary Her Royal Highness was brought to Bed of a Daughter Christen'd at St. Iames's by the Bishop of Durham by the Name of Catherina Laura the Duke of Monmouth being God-father and the Lady Mary and the Lady Anne God-mothers The Term begining at the latter end of Ianuary Sir Francis North the King's Attorney-General was sworn Lord Chief-Justice of the Common-Pleas in the room of Sir Iohn Vaughan deceased In the beginning of February his Majesty caused several Orders and Resolutions concerning Papists to be publish'd That the Conviction of Popish Recusants should be encouraged quickned and made Effectual That no Person of what Condition or Quality soever should presume to say Mass in any part of this Kingdom That all Persons born within His Majesties Dominions being in Orders by Authority deriv'd from the Church of Rome should depart the Kingdom by a short time prefix'd That none of His Majesties Subjects should presume to send their Children to be Educated in any Popish Colledges or Seminaries upon a strict Penalty That none of his Majesties Subjects being Popists or so reputed should presume to come into His Majesties Presence into White Hall St. James's or any place where His Majesties Court should be And Lastly That care should be taken for the suppression of Conventicles Forrein Affairs 1674. The first thing that presented it self of most Importance beyond Sea this Year was that the King of France gave order to quit all his Conquests in the Netherlands belonging to the States of Holland except Maestricht The States also to be rid of so great a trouble as the Bishop of Munsteri makes Peace with him the Baron D' Issola signing the Articles on the behalf of the Emperor The chief Articles whereof were That the Bishop should restore all places taken during the War That the Treaty of Cleves should be punctually observ'd And that the King of
Mentz and Collen at odds 547 Messiah counterfeit 548 Meetings supprest 573 Middleton now a Parliamentarian General 62. Taken 301. Seeking aid from the Dutch 344. Lands in Scotland 358 Militia Ordinance 29 30. Petitioned by the Parliament 30 to 33. Messages about it ibid. On foot in Lincoln-shire 34 Mings Sir Christopher chaced the Dutch 544. Sails for the Coast of Sweden 545. General Wrangle comes aboard him ibid. Miracle ominous 390 Mohun Lord for the King Lord Hopton Sir John Berkley and Col. Ashburnham Commissioners for the King in the West 43 Montross Marq. his Battles and activity 73 74. His Declaration 254. Tragedy and death from 255 to 266. His Interment 497 Monarchy the antient and only British Government 223. Abolished in Scotland by English States 308 Monke a Colonel from Ireland to assist the King taken prisoner at Namptwich and thence to the Tower of London 53. To Ireland again 123. General his acts in Ireland for the pretended States 237. He had the honour of Dunbar 274. In Scotland 358. In Sir George Booths c. 426. Secures the Scotch Nobility 427. Declares against the proceedings of Lambert c. And secures Anabaptist Officers maintains intelligence in England and protracts time by offers of Composure 430 431. Sends Commissioners to London they agree to no purpose obtains his desire of the Scotch Convention 432. Signifies his coming to London 435. His passage and Narrative of his Cabal 436 437. Thanked by the Parliament 442. The great instrument of the Restitution Meets the King at Dover 450. Dignified with the Order of the Garter 451. With the title of Duke of Albemarle 455 Monmoth betrayed and regained 64 Monmouth Duke made Capt. Kings Guard 568. His valour at Maestricht 596. Made Chancellor of Cambridge 599 Monro Sir George defeated 247. His enterprize in Ulster 250 Modiford Sir Thomas in Jamaica 530 Mordant Lord John seized 403. Tryed and quitted 404. Summoned 423 Morris Col. Executed 254 Moor Lord 240 Morpeth Earl affronted in Holland 532 Moreland Sir Samuel 448 Mother of Cromwel dies 366 Montague Gen. 416. Dignified with the Earldome of Sandwich 455. To Algier and Lisbon 500. Brings home the Queen 507 Mulgrave Earl made Knight of the Garter 598 Munster success in Holland 544 Munson Lord Sir Henry Mildmay and Wallop Sentenced 501 Musco alteration in their Religion intended 558 Myn Colonel slain and his party routed by Massey 64 N Naerden taken from the Dutch 597 Nailor James the Quaker personates our Saviour 384. Sentenced ibid. Released by the Rump 426 Newburg Prince arrives in England 602 Newberry disorders 525 Newark yielded 701 Newcastle Earl afterwards Marquiss 42. Besieged in York 58. Disswades fighting after the defeat at Marston-moor sets sail for Hamburgh with most of the Nobility and Officers of his party 61 Newcastle taken 67 New-park given the City by the Rump 235 News of the Change by Cromwel acceptable to the King at Paris 344 New-buildings 392 Nimmegen taken 586 No Address votes 162 Nobility of the Loyal and Presbyterian party 444 Noblemen English for the Scotch peace against Strafford's advice 15. Summoned to a general Council at York ibid. Conclude the Peace ibid. Secured by the Rump in the Tower 753 Nobles their Catalogue 488 Nonconformists increase in the Reigns of Qu. Elizabeth and King James 2 Indulged 582 Norfolk-Insurrection 278 Northampton burnt 602 North Sir Francis Lord Chief-Iustice of the Common-pleas 599 Northumberland Earl General of the Scots second expedition 22. His reasons to reject the Ordinance for the Trial of the King 194 Northampton Earl 42. Killed 44 Northern Counties oppressed by the Scots 120 Norton Colonel 66 Norwich Earl General in Kent at Rochester and Black-heath at Bow and Stratford 174 Nuntio of the Popes in Ireland his business 123. Party in Ireland 238 Nye one of the Commissioners for approbation with Lockier 359 O Oblivion Act by the Parliament 309 Oblivion Act by the King 456. Another 590 Obstructions in sales of Kings and Queens Lands c. removed 310 Okey Col. dismist from Command 366 Okey Berkstead and Corbet seized in Holland tried and Executed 505 506 Omens and Prognostications of the Dutch War 315 O Neal Hugh put into Clonmel 248. Defends it very handsomly 252 O Neal joyns with the Independant-party 237 O Neal Sir Phelim hanged 333 Opdam made Lieutenant-Admiral in place of Van Tromp 349 Orange Prince arrives in England 578. Made Captain-General in Holland 579 584. Declared Stadtholder 586 Order for the Murther and Execution of the King 217 Ordinances of Parliament obeyed as Acts 36. For tryal of the King disputed and thrown aside by the Lords entituled by the Iuncto and passed as an Act 194 to 196. Ordinances published in Parliament 364 Orleans Dutchess comes into England 577. Dies ibid. Ormond Marquiss Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 53. Capitulates with the Parliament Commissioners 164. Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 238. He hath no power to punish any faults or Delinquents 243. Recruits his Forces and Garrison-Towns ibid. Makes agreement with O Neal by means of Daniel O Neal his Nephew 244. Resolves to fight Cromwel before Duncannon 246. Before Carrick 247. But disappointed he leaves Ireland 277. Hardly escapes out of Sussex 401. Main Instrument of the Restitutioâ Made Earl of Brecknock 455. To Ireland Lord-Lieutenant 511. Duke of Ormond Chancellor of Oxford 571. Assaulted in the Night 578 Osborne Sir Thomas Lord-Treasurer 591 Other House meet and fawn upon the Commons 399. The Names of the Members ibid. Overton Maj. Gen. seized in Scotland 366 Overton Colonel 469 Owen Dr. preacheth before the Protector and Parliament 382 Owen Ro the great Rebel dies 248 Oxford the Kings chief Quarters and Court 47. Besieged by Fairfax 75. Yielded 106 P Pack Alderman 374 and 386 Palaffi Imbre revolts from the Emperour 548 Parliament in Ireland 4. Grant Subsidies to carry on the Scotch War 20 Parliament in England called and dissolved and why 12 Parliament in Scotland and Assembly and adjourned 17. Meet again and order their Army to march into England 13 Parliament meets at Oxford 56 Long Parliament 15. Enact a Triennial one 18. Deny his Majesties desire of going for Ireland the reasons 32 33. Forbid any resort to the King but his Servants Arm the several Counties Admit of no ways of accommodation 35. Arm and fight c. and having prevailed agree not about disposing the King 113 114 121. Buy the King from the Scots after much tampering and send Propositions to the King 118 119 121. Are refractory to all his condescentions offers and messages as appears 121. New Speakers 139. Fugitive Members sit with the Army in Council 140. Constrained to humour a Treaty in the Isle of Wight 158. Four Bills passed as Preliminaries with Proposals ibid. Necessitated to vote a personal Treaty the votes of Non-addresses cancell'd 180 181. Agree to his Majesties condescention as a ground for Peace 192. Forced by the Army ibid. Turned into a Iuncto 193. Parliament-men twelve a penny 339. Dissolved the manner of
Impeachment of high treason against the Earl of Strafford he is committed and Sir George Ratcliff sent for out of Ireland Dr. Williams Bishop of Lincoln released Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Burton received by the Londoners in pomp Sir John Finch Lord Keeper and Francis Windebanck Secretary of State charged with high treason they withârew John James a Romish Catholique stabs Iustice Howard in Westminster-Hall The Case of Shipmoney stated The Iudges opinions thereupon Shipmoney vâtâd illegal The Iudgment of the Excheqââr agâinst Mr. Hambden vacated Mr. Hollis delivers a Charge against the A.B. Cant. the Scots do the like he is voted guilty of high treason and committed The King signs the Bill for Triennial Parliaments The Houses oppose Bishops temporal jurisdiction The Earl of Straffords Tryal Sir David Fowls and Sir William Pennyman witnesses against the Earl the last of whom wept He is condemned as guilty of high treason The faction make a hideous cry of Iustice. The King with much reâuctancy signs the Bill of Attainder A notable remarque concerning Sir Alexander Carew Those Bishops that consented to the Earls death escaped not the fury of the times Prince of Orange warries the Princess Mary Sir Dudley Carleton the Earls Secretary brings him word of his Majesties having passed the Bill of Attainder Life in Mr. Lloyds Memoires The English Army disband the Scotch receive a vast sum of money and return home The King visits his Parliament of Edinburgh The Earl of Leicester made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland The Parliament adjourned The faction encreaseth and grows strong The King settles the affairs of Scotland A Rebellion in Ireland The King returns from Scotland and is magnificently received at London The faction sâanderously charge the King and Arch-B Cant. with inclining to Popery Walker an Iron-monger thâows a Libel into the Kings ãâã he is impriâoned Sir Richard Gurney Lord Mayor of London Most of the Irish Nobility revolted Sir Phelim Oneal their chief commandâr A full account of the Irish Rebellion and proceedings of the War there Roger Moor the chief instrument in the plot The Lord Viscount Gormanston one of their complices Owen O Conally discovers the Plot. Iuââice Parsons and Sir Jo. Borlace double their Watches Mac Mahon and Mac-Guire their Lodgings watched Mac Mahon and his men after some resistance are sâcured and confess the Plot. The Lord Mac-guire seized The Council warn the people of the Rebellion by Proclamation The Lord Blaweys House Wife and Children surprised The Newry surprized with several other places of strength The Rebels take Dundalk besiege Tredagh They commit horrid Massacres in sundry places 1800 Pârsons drowned 150000 Persons destroyed in the Province of Ulster only in five moâths time Sir Phelim Oneal defeatâd at Duâdalk Dublin in great streights A Regiment raised for Sir H. Titchburn another for Sir Charles Coot Expresses sent to the King the Lord Lieutenant and the Parliament Owen O Conally rewarded with 200 l. in money and a pension of 200 l. per anum The Earl of Ormond Lieu. Gen. marched to Dublin with divers other Captains Major Roper with 600 Foot to Tredagh With 50 Horse under Sir Pat. Weems surprized by the Rebels and routed Some Rebels executed at Wicklo Luke Tool encounters Sir Charls Coote and is puâ to flight The Lords and Gentry of the English Pale declare for the Roman Catholick Religion The Rebels in Lemster 20000 strong Sir Simon Harcourt arrives with a Regiment at Tredagh The Rebels are disheartned and defeated by Sir Henry Titchburn who recovered Dundalk Sir Phelim O Neal escapes to Ulster Sir George Monro recovers Newry and do's the Rebels much damage Tumults from London affront the King and Court Sir William Mason heads the Gentlemen of Grays-Inne to White-Hall prostering them and himself to his Majesty as a guard for his person The King receives them with respect The Tumultuous rabble countenanced by some Grandees of the faction Whereat the King is much troubled He demands five Members of the House of Commons and the Lord Kimbolton The House vote it a breach of priviledge They accuse several Bishops as guilty of high Treason They are Committed The Irish are proclaimed Rebels The King declares his charge against the five members The Parliament imprisons Sir Edw. Herbert The Tumults increase and the King retires to Hampton-Court A rumour concerning the Lord Digby Col. Lunsford committed The Scots interpose themselves the Parliament demands the Tower and the Militia Buckinghamshire men petition in behalf of Mr. Hambden The King leaves Hampton-Court the Queen and Princess of Aurange take ship for Holland The Parliament vote the Queen a Traytor The Militia the principal difference between King and Parliament The Commission of Arry An Ordinance of Parliament for ordering the Militia The Parliament send several Papers to the King The King is much troubled thereat and answers The Parliament declare their resolution of putting the Kingdom into a posture of defence The Earl of Warwick made Admiral of England The King answers the Parliaments Declation with another He offers a free Pardon to his people and propounds a rââââciliation The faction set forth another Declaration concerning the Militia The King sends a Message to the Parliament concerning Ireland They plead the priviledge of Parliament The King proclaims against Papists The Yorkshire Gentry desire a right understanding between King and Parliament The King returns a gratious answer He resolving to go for Ireland sends a Message to the Parliament Sir John Hotham admitted into Hull The Parliament Petition the King for the Militia they insist upon the dangers of Popery Hull is Garrison'd and the King is troubled that they should Petition him and at the instant carve at their one pleasures He excuseth his repriving of some Iâsuites The Parliament refuse to be governed by Commissioners in his Majesties absence The King resolves to possess himself of Hull But is denyed entrance by Sir John Hotham who stood on the Walls and âeard himself proclaimed a Traytor The Duke of York and Prince âlector bring in the Town are suffered to depart The King retreatâd to Beverly writes to the Mayor and Garrison of Hull And to the Parliament for Iââtice against Hotham Tâe Parliament order the Lord Liââtenant of Lincoln to âuppress all Forcâs raiâed against Hull Sir Richard Gurney Loâd Mayor ãâã London sent to the Tower The Parliament Authorize Sir John Hotham to raise the Trained Bands The King sâmmons the Gântry of York for the security of his Person The Parliament Conclude the K. intendeth War They take up Arms ânder preâence of râscuing the King from his evil Couâsel and prohibit all resort to the King They publish a Râmonstrance Which is answâred by the King Theââaviâe the Scots to their ãâã Thâ Scoâs pretend a zâal for his Majesty bât deââaââ for the Parliament and have their thanks Tâe Parliament set forth another Remonstrance which the King answers They send him 19 Propositions to York The King returns an answer
Stapleton The Parliaments Declaration wherein they make the King the Author of the War Their Votes of Non-address to the King 16 Janua 1647. None to apply themselves to him without leave from bâth Houses Whosoever doth to âââr the penalties of High Treason That they will receive no more Messages from the K. and enjoyn all persons not to bring any frâm him They publish another Remonstâânce ãâã Arthur Haslerig 's Brother subâras one Smallinâ to vilifie the K. Col. Hamond tuââs away his Majesties Servants The King a clâse Prisoner Captain Burleigh beaâs â Drum in the Island for the King He is supprest and seized by Col. Hamond Major Rolf accused for designing the Kings death Seized in Bishops-gate-street Capt. Burleigh Executed at Winchester Feb. 10. Rolf quitted by Ignoramus by the same Iury. Rainsborough commanded by the Parliament to guard the Island The Army declare for the Parliament Many gallant persons put to death in Scotland Col. Nathaniel Gordon and another oâ his âame executed at St. Johnstons Sir Robert Spotswood executed Mr. Andrew Guthery and Mr. William Murray executed Lord Ogleby ââap s. Ferdinando Lord Fairfax ââth of a Gangrene Maâq of Ormond ãâã Dublin to Col. Jones The Marquess attends the King Goes into France thence into Ireland Col. Jones routed Col. Jones kills 5470 Irish nâer Trim. Preston hardly escapes and joyns with O Neal. The Lord Inchiqueen defeates the Lord Taaf Declares for the King and joynâth with the said Lord. The English Faction Treat with O Neal. The Lord Inchiqueens Commission taken from him The House of Lords scruple the Vâtâ of Noâ-Addresses they at last pasâ it and are ãâã by the ãâã The Independents Propose to unite all Interests in the Houses City and Army Cromwel makes a speech to that pârâââââe is confronted Glover sent to the City and rejected Cromwel troubled thereat The Scots Commissioners signifie their desires and depart home The Committee at Derby-house gâows powerful The Parliament sent Commissioners into Scotland The Scots set forth an angry Declaration That and their Covenant is slighted The Scots mad ãâã an Expedition His Majesties elegant Declaration in Answer to the Votes of no further Addresses The Parliaments Visitation of the University of Oxford ââd tâning out oâ the Loyal aâd Learned Schâlars The Earl oâ Pembroke made by them Chancellour of the University Alderman Warner Lord Mayor of London a factious person A Tumuât and Insurrection is London by the Boys and Prentices Apr. 9. Sir Thomas Fairfax with part of the Army enters quells it and disperseth them Kensey and Matthews the one a Vintner the other a Meal-man condemned but reprieved by the mediation of Alderman Tichborn and afterwards pardoned Col. Laughorn Poyer and Powel rise for the King in Wales thây secure Pembroke and Tenby Castles Chopstow Castle ãâ¦ã ââcholas Kemish and Siâ John Owen ãâ¦ã for the King in North-Wales Col. Hârton sent to ãâã them Col. Fleming Commands a party against the Royalists he is set upon and routed lays violent hands on himself and dieth St. Fagons fight May 8. Col. Horton defeats Laughorn Cromwel sends Col. Eure to attempt Sir Nich. Kemish Chepstow Castle retaken May 25. Sir Nich. Kemish killed in cold blood Sir Jo Owen ' s Forces suppressed by M. Gen. Mitton and himself taken Cromwel joyns with Horton Tenby stormed and yieldeth Pembroke besieged by Oliver Cromwel Hugh Peters encourageth his Souldiers in his Sermon Pembroke stormed to the besiegers loss But at length delivered Essex Surry and London Petition for Peace The Guards of the Army fall upon them and disperse theâ some are killed The Kentish Insurrection May 24. They Rendezvouze neer Rochester Lord Goring Earl of Norwich their General The Army yield the Militia again to the City and cajole them Col. Culpeper endeavours to perswade the City to Declare for the King they refuse Skippon madâ Major-General of London Maidstone fight June 2. The Royalists Roâted Earl of Norwich and Kentish Forces at Black beath wooes the City for passage denied Fârries into Essex June 3. The Essex Forces joyn with him at Bow Sir Charles Lucas their General They seize the Earl of Warwick's Arms and march to Colchester Lord Capel assists them with a party of Horse Sir George Lisle Major-General of the Essex Forces for the King Colchester Siege The Lord Lucas Sir Charles his Brother his House ruined The condition of the besieged They eat horse-flesh The Fleet comes in and render themselves to the Prince July 27. Their Commander Col. Rainsborough set on Shore Vice-Admiral afterwards Sir Will. Batten brings more Ships to the Prince The Prince in Yarmouth Road with the Duke of York Pr. Rupert E. of Brainford Lord Hopton Lord Wilmot Lord Willoughby c. The Prince takes a Hamborough ship Lord Rich Earl of Warwick Admiral for the Parliament ordered to set forth a Fleet. Earl of Warwick at Quinborough the Prince summons him He refuseth Prince Charles with the Fleet at Goree in Holland Pr. Rupert made Admiral Earl of Holland appears in Arms at Kingston July 7. accompanied by the D. of Buckingham the Lord Francis Villiers the young E. of Peterborough the Ld. Petre c. Tâây are attaqued by Sir Michael Livesy 's Forces and other Parliamentariaâs Lord Francis Villiers slain Earl of Holland flies into Huntington shire and is taken by Col. Scroop Col. Dalbier slain Duke of Buckingham and E. of Peterborough escape beyond Sea Earl of Holland sent to Warwick Castle Scotch Army enters England unâer command of Duke Hamilton Colonel afterwards Earl of Middleton Major-Gen E. of Calendar Lieât Gen. Sir Marmaduke afterwards Lord Langdale and Sir Philip Musgrave joyn Forces with them Col. Wogan revolts from the Parliament Col. Stuart 's saying on the Stool of Repentance Major-General Lambert opposeth Sir Marmaduke Langdale but forced to retreat Cromwel joyns with Lambert Preston Fight August 17. The Scots defeated Major-General Middleton taken Duke Hamilton flies Is taken by the Lord Gray of Grooby Monro coming to assist Hamilton but returns Cromwel marches into Scotland He is feasted by Argyle His policie in diâaâminâ and disbanding the Scots Forces Sir Matthew Boynton Governor of Scarbrough for the King Major Lilburn seizeth Tinmouth Castle for the King It is resurprized for the Parliament The Castle stormed Lilburn and the Souldiers put to the Sword Colchester surrendred August 28. on hard terms Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle shot to death Aug. 28. Sir Bernard Gascoyn sentenced to be shot to death but reprieved The Londoners continue Neuters A Personal Treaty voted Jun. 30. Resolves That a Personal Treaty with the King be held at the Islâ of Wight That a Committee be sent to his Majesty to acquaint him therewithal Earl of Middlesex Sir Io. Hippeâley and John Bulkley Esq. delegated ââ the Parliament to attend on the King His Majesties Answer to the two Houses of Parliament The King chearfully embraceth the overtââes of Peace Demands of the Parliament to recal those Votes and Orders
Windsor castle Th. Andrews Anth. Stapely Th. Horton Recruit to the Long Parl. John Fry a Yeoman of Dorsetshire an Arrian Thom. Hammond Bâother to Dr. Hammond the Kings Iaylor Isaac Pennington Lord Mayor of London Simon Meyne of Buckinghamshire died in the Tower Sir Hardress Waller a Souldier of Fortune Will Hâveningham Esq ãâã antient Family in Suffolk Henry Marten Owen Row a Silk-man of London Augustine Garland a person relating to the Law Henry Smith one of the Six Clerks in Chancery Robert Titchbourn Lord Mayor of London George Fleetwood James Temple Thomas Wait. Peter Temple a London Linneâ-draper Bââgesâ for Leicester Robert Lilburn Brother to John Lilburn Gilbert Millington a Lawyer Vincent Potter an upstart Member John Downs a Citizen of London and a Colonel Thomas Wogan an obscure person John Lisle a Gentleman and Lawyer President of several High Courts of Iustice. Will. Say Esq. a Lawyer and Deputy-speaker of the House of Commons Valentine Walton Brother in law to Cromwel and Governour of Lyn. Edward Whaley a Wollen-draper his Family of Nottinghamshire a good souldier Edm. Ludlow the son of a Traytor a daring souldier Sir Michael Livesey of Kent John Hewson a Shoo-maker dead in Exile a bold Commander Will. Goffe a Salters Apprentice and a bold Commander Cor. Holland a servant to Sir Hen. Vane Thomas Challoner a great speech-maker against the K. Will. Cawley a Brewer of Chichester Nic. Love son to Dr. Love of Winchester John Dixwel Governour of Dover Castle Daniel Blagrave a recruit for Reading Daniel Broughton a Clerk Edward Dendy Serjeant at Arms. John Hutchison fined Francis Lassels fined Lord Munson Ja Challoner Esq. Sir Hen. Mildmay Ro. Wallop Esq. Sir Ja Harrington and John Phelps their Estates Forfeited drawn to Tyburn and Imprisoned during life The High Court of Iustice sits Jan. 20. A crimson Velvet-chair and Cushion for the President Silence made the Hall-gate set open Col. Thomlinson commanded to bring his prisoner He is brought to the Bar a chair of crimson-Velvet set for him Silence made the Act for the Tryal of Charles Stuart King of England read The Names of the Commissioners read The Presidens speech to the King Cook Solicitor-General offers to speak is forbid by the King He proceeds The Charge read President demands the Kings Answer His Majesty refuseth to Answer and disowns the Authority of the Court. Proves his Title to the Crown by succession not Election Is prevented by the Presidents insolent rebukes Who urgeth for an Answer The King still refuseth demanding their Authority The President answers their Authority is Gods and the Kingdoms The Court riseth The head of the Kings staff falls down âe stoops and takes it up Some cry God save the King others Iustice and Execution by Axtels directions The Court sits the King comes in the people shout Solicitor moves for the Kings Answer President insists upon it His Majesty still denies the Authority of the Court. Refuseth to plead and offers to shâw his Reasons Here the King would have delivered his Reasons but was not suffered His Majesty presseth to shew his Reasons but cannot be permitted He desires to Demur He is over-ruled by the Court and Interrupted The Cleâk reâd The Guards charged to take away their Prisoner The Court order the default and contempt to be Recorded The King guarded to Sir Ro. Cottons The Court adjourns The Court sits again The King comes The Sollicitor moves the Court for Iudgement The Presidents speech in behalf of the Court he demands a positive answer from the King His Majesty desires to speak for the Liberties of the people but is not permitted till he gives his Answer to Guilty or not Guilty ãâ¦ã to give any particular answer desires ãâã to shew his Reasons is interrupted again and again The Clerk reads His Majesty justifies his proceedings and refuseth to Answer to the Charge The Guards ordered to take charge of their Prisoner The King goes forth and the Court adjourns His Majesties Reasons against the Iurisdiction of the Court which be intended to speak in Court but was hindered No proceeding just but what is warranted by the Laws of God or man No Impeachment can lie against the King The House of Commons cannot erect a Court of Iudicature Nor are the Membeââ of this House Coââissioned by the people of England The Priviledges oââaâliameât Violated The higher House excluded and the major part of the lower deterred from sitting The frame of Government chaâged The Court sits Silence commanded The King comes the souldiers cry for Iustice. His Majesty desires to be heard but not permitted The Court withdraws Serejant at Arms withdraws the King The Court returns resolving to proceed The King brought into the Court he urgeth to be heard and adviseth the Court against a haâty Iudgement The Presidents speech in defence of the Courts proceedings His Majesty is interrupted Silence commanded the Sentence read The Charge read The King required to give his Answer he refuseth The King guarded awaâ He is abused by the Souldiers disturbed in his Devotions His admirable patience He desires to see his Children and Doctor Juxon The King tempted with new Proposals from some Grandees of the Army B. Juxon preacheth before him at Saint James ' s. His Maj. giveth his Blessing to the Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Elizabeth His pious advice to them The Duke of Gloucester 's reply The Lady Elizabeths Relation of what passed between his Majesty and her He adviseth her to read Bp. Andrew 's Sermons Hookers Policy and Bp. Laud against Fisher. A Committee appointed to consider of the time and place for Execution They agree upon the open street before White-hall the morrow following The Waâraââ for the Kings Exââutâââ Sigââd by Joh. Bradshaw Tho Gray Ol. Cromwel ãâã to Col. Fâ Hacker ãâã Hunks anâ Liââ Coâoâel âhray Factious Ministers appointed to attend the King he refuseth to confer with them Bp. of London readeth prayers to him and administers the Sacrament The King brought to White-hall Mr. Seymor presents his Majesty with a Letter from the Prince The Kings friends âarbarously uââd Engines to force the King ãâ¦ã had ââsâted His Majesty had âot spoâen bât that âtherwise he might be thought to submit to the guilt Hâ began not ãâã War spanâ Hoâsâs His Majesây lays not the ãâ¦ã the two ãâã iâl ââstruments the cauâe of it ãâ¦ã Sentence puââshed with another His Majesty forgives all the world evââ the caâsers ãâã his death ãâ¦ã waâ to Pâace Conquest an ill way seldom ãâã To give God his due and the Kâng his ãâã is the right way Give God his due in setâing the Church As to the King it concerning ãâã hiâ Majesty âaves it Peoples Liberty consiââs in having Government not sâaring in it His Majesty the Martyr of the People His Majestie deââares hâs Râligioâ * Afterwards Sir William Clerk The King makes ready for Execution Dr. Juxon comforts him It is known for to give it the Prince His Majesty
the Sword The Town miserably plundred Aberdeen yielded St. Andrews Fined 500 l. Scotch Nobles taken at Ellet in the Highlands and Sir John Daniel and Col. Douglas taken at Dumfreiz Aug. A New Representative debated of The High Court of Justice pardons Mr. Jenkins and others Cap. Symkins Sir Timothy Fetherstonhaugh and Col. Benbow Executed Oct. The Earl of Derby Beheaded at Bolton Octob. 15. Several other Royalists taken James Hinde the sam'd High-way-man taken and Hang'd drawn and quartered at Worcester The Estates of the Lord Craven and other Royalists exposed to sale General Popham 's Funeral Octob. 24. The Scotch Union projected Commissioners named to go into Scotland Gen. Monke protects the Marq. of Montross his Children and Family Limerick besieged by Deputy Ireton for the Parl. Hugh O Neal Gâvârâour tâereof Ireton defeâted before Limerick Limerick ãâã October 29. Sir Charles Coât ãâã a party of Irish. Clare Castle taken by the English Ireton dies of the Plague at Limerick Nov. 25. Edmund Ludlow constituted in his place Ireton lies in state at Summerset house His Character Jersey surrendââd Nov. and Dec. to the Parliament Mount Orgueil and Elizabeth Castle âurrendred Isle of Man reduced Dec. Barbadoes reduced by Sir Geo Ayscue Jan. Lord Willoughby Governour thereof St. Christophers the same The Scotch Kirk reject and declare against the Union Monarchy abolished in Scotland Jan. Dumbarton surrendered Jan. 5 by Sir Charles Erskin to the Parliament The Dutch Commerce and Fishing molested at Sea The 1 of Dec. the time limited by tââ Act ââomacked by the Dutch The Dutch Embassadors tâeat January The Parliament publish an Act of Oblivion John Lilburn Banished Josiah Primate fined 4000 l. Lord Clanrickard sues to Lieu. Gen. Ludlow for a peace His Answer Arguile treats with Commissioners at Dumbarton Blackness Castle ordered to be blown up Moss-Troopers busie and mischievous Several places in Ireland taken by the English An Act for removing obstructions in the sale of Crown-lands Black-monday March 29 predicted by Will. Lilly The King at Paris April The Duke of York Renowned for this Service The King at St. Germains with the Marq. of Ormond and E. of Castlehaven Several parties of the Irish submit Lord Clanrickard takes Ballishannon and Dungal Castle Lord Muskerry yields Galloway surrendered Irelands Râines Submissions and surrenders Ballishannon retaken and Slego surrendered to the Parliament The affairs of Scotland Dunotter Castle yielded May 28. Citadels built in Scotland The rise of the Dutch War A great Fire at Glascow Congleton Chuââh in Cheshire fired by Lightning The like Fire in Essex The State-house of Amsterdam burnt Sâa-fights seen in the Air. An Encounter between the Forces of England and Holland Capt. Young 's Letter Gen. Blake 's Letter Maj. Bourne 's Relation Admiral Trump 's Letter to the States of Holland The Datch Embassadors Paper to the Council of State The Parliaments Answer thereunto Their Demands Trump in the Downs The English and Dutch Fleets July Encounter They are scattered by a Storm Blake takes several of their Frigats and divers Prisoners De Buyter and Sir Geo Ayscue 's Engagement at Plymouth Au. 16. Sir Geo Ayscue rewarded for hâs service The States of Holland excite several Princes to assist them The Lord Embassador Monsieur Paw dieth of a surfeit by broyld Salmon Marq. Clanrickard lays down Arms. Cromwel 's designe upon the Parliament appears Dunkirk taken by the Spaniard and the French Fleet with relief seized by Geâ Blake A General Assembly in Scotland Dismist by Lieu. Col. Cotterel De Ruyter with a Fleet at the mouth of the Channel De Wit joyns with him De Wit worsted by Blake Marq. of Worcester taken and committed to the Tower Mutiny in Holland Some of their Seamen Executed A Fleet of War sent to the Sound c. Lord Hopton dyes at Bruges in Flanders September The Earl of Rochester to the Diet in Germany Van Trump at Sea with a Fleet. Blake defeated in the Downs by Trump Nov. 29. The Dutch Seamen steal Sheep at Rumney Marsh and come off with loss Trump neer the Isle of Wight The Phoenix regained Nov. 30 by Capt. Cox The Parliaments three Geâârals Blake Dean and Monke A Maâque on the Taxes The Dutch Bravadoes The Duke of Gloucester sent away from Carisbrook to Dunkirk Feb. Conducted into France by the Lords Langdale and Inchiqueen The French Envy M. Bourdeaux owns the State c. December The Portugal Embassador concludes The Dutch forbid any to supply the English with provisions of War Torce of their Hamburgh ships laden with Plate taken A High Court of Iustice in Ireland Iustice Donelan President thereof Several persons Condemned Lord Muskerry taken and committed to Dublin Castle Sir Phelim O Neal the great Rebel hanged c. The Condition of Ireland The Priests Banished Cromwel and his Officers keep a Fast. Seamens Wages raised The Kings Houses of Hampton Court to be sold c. Moneys thereâpon at six per cent Agent Bradshaw to Copenhagen He is affronted and in danger English under Blake at Sea Van Trump returns through the Channel Feb. Portland fight Feb. 18 between Dutch and English Stoutly maintained on either side A Fight at Leghorn March 2. The English worsted Prince Maurice drowned in the West-India's Prince Rupert arrives in France Mar. De Wit at sea with another Fleet. The Dutch designe of weakning us by taking our Colliers Sir John Gell and several Scots released from the Tower and others preferred * Twelve Parliament-men for a penny The manner of dissolving the Parliament A Declaration of the General and Council of Officers about the Dissolution c. * An Act for filling up the Parliament Addresses to Cromwel Vice-Admiral Pen in the Downs with a Fleet of 70 sail Cromwel a Dictator A Council of State Marlborough burnt Ap. 28. Lord Digby honoured with the order of the Garter Ulster forces in Ireland submit Trump in the Downs having given the English a go-by Engaged by Gen. Monke and Dean c. June 2 Gen. Dean slain Trump defeated June 2 3. The Dutch hang out a white Flag and send a Messenger to the English in order to a Peace A new Parliament called The Summons New Scotch Troubles The Dutch Trade at a stand The last Dutch Engagement between Gen. Monke and Van Trump on the Coast of Holland July 29. Van Trump slain and the Dutch defeated July 31. Gold Chains and Meddals ordered by the Parl. to be given to the chief Commanders and Officers A Thanksgiving appointed De Wit conveys a great Fleet from the Sound Lord Opdam made Lieutenant-Admiral in place of Van Trump who was Interred at Delf in great State Little Parliament met July 4. Mr. Francis Rouse their Speaker Called Barebone 's Parliament a Leather-sellers Name in Fleetstreet one of the said Convention The Names of the Parliament men Act for Marriages A new Body of the Law to be made An Act for ââââh Adventurers and Allotments Whitlock Embassador to Sweden A Summary of what
Address ãâã suppressing ãâã Insolencies Declaration of War against Denmark City Building begins Prodigious Storms in Lincoln-shire Prodigious Storm in Lincoln-shire A day of Thanksgiving for the ceasing of the Plague Ryot at Dumfreeze in Scotland The Lord Willoughby sets forth a Fleet from the Barbadoes A Hurricane His Lordship lost Scotch Convention meets At Surinam better success The French King affronted by the Turk An Embassador sent for reparation He is reviled Beaten and ââprisoned Swedes offer a Mediation Accepted Breda the Place of Treaty A Valiant Act of Capt. Dawes The English Embassadors enter Breda The Dutch Attempts upon the Coast. Burnt-Island attempted And Sheerness They seize the Royal Charles Royal Oak burnt Two Dutch Men of War burnt Commissioner Pett committed The Dutch come up into the River of Thames Dutch land neer Harwich Encounter'd by the Train'd-Bands They come up to Hull Haven are encounter'd by several ships that lay there Dutch attempt to land neer Wenbury in Devonshire Neer Cawland in Cornwal Sir Jonathan Trelawney Major Sparks and Mr. Windham sent aboard the Dutch Admiral Their Entertainment A Present sent De Ruyter Foy Harbour Attempted Plenipotentiaries meet and Tâeat at Breda Peace Concluded Commissioners to take an Account of Publick Money The Office of Lord High Treasurer in the Hand of Commissioners Parliament met Parl. Adjourn'd Commissioners appointed to hear the complaints of Seamen Mr. Cowley 's death Dutch beaten by Sir John Harmon in the West-Indies Three Dutch Men of War and a Prize taken Proclamation against Papists Woodmongers Charter demanded His Majesty lays the first Stone of the Royal Exchange The Duke of York the second Earl of Sandwich sent to Portugal January 22. February Proclamation to hinder the roving of private Men of War February Count de Dona the Swedish Embassador dies in England Maritime League concluded with the Dutch by Sir Wil. Temple Charles the second launched March 3. 1666 7. Proclamation against Papists Prentices make a Tumult May 1668. His Majesty goes to the House signes several Bills and adjourns the Parliament Lord Vaughan Chief-Iustice Iune 1668. Bridge Town burnt August 1668. Sir William Godolphin Knighted and made Resident-Embassador in Spain Sept. 1668. Duke of Munmoâth made Captain of the Horse-Guards Venetian Embassador has Audience Sir John Trevor made Secretary Dr. Wilkins Bishop of Chester Sir Thomas Allen made Peace with Argier Decem. 1668. Parliament Prorogu'd Ian. 166â Dutchess of York brought to bed of a Daughter Sir Edward Sprague sent into Flanders The Duke of Tuscany arrives in England The Prince of Portugal made Râgânt Earl of Carlisle sent into Sweden King of Sweden presented with the Garter Earl of Winchelsey returns Theater at Oxford fânished Meetings suppressed Dr. Fell Vice-Chancellor of Oxford Queen-Mother of England dies The Moors attempt Tangier but beaten off Lord Roberts Lord-Deputy of Ireland Royal Exchange fââish'd Pâââ Assembles Parl. attended the King in the Banqueting-House Parl. Prorogu'd till February Parl. in Scotland Sir Thomas Allen before Argier Mr. Henry Howard sent Embassador to Taffalette Duke of Albemarle dies His Dutchess dies Jan. 1669. Parliament meet The King signes several Acts and adjourns the House Dutchess of Orleans arrives in England Dies July 1670. Parliament in Scotland Act for the Treaty of Union passed there Argier men of War destroy'd Cap. Peirce shot to Death Parl. meet Peace between Spain and England ratifi'd Prince of Orange comes into England Sir Thomas Allen returns from the Streights Sir Edward Sprague Commands in his room D. of Ormond violently assaulted in the Night The King passes some Acts. Popish Priests Banish'd The Dutchess of York dyes Parl. Prorogu'd And an Address about English Manufactures Earl of Manchester dies The Crown attempted King of Sweden and Duke of Saxony by Proxies Install'd Knights of the Garter Sir Edward Sprague meets the Argerines and destroys them The King takes a Progress The Moors attack Tangier and are beaten off Parl. Prorogu'd Embassadors sent abroad Ian. 1671 2. Stop upon the Exchequer Sir George Downing presses for answer to the King's demands Sir George Downing committed Nonconformists indulg'd Sir Robert Holmes attacks the Dutch Fleet neer the Isle of Wight War declar'd against the Dutch Mar. 1661 2. War proclaim'd against Holland Sir Edward Sprague comes home The French King continues and increases Impositions on Dutch Goods notwithstanding their threats French Warlike preparations breeds jealousies Cologne fortifies The Dutch fortifie Maestricht Newburg fortifies Dusseldorp and Montery raises men in Flanders Brunswick Besieged They surrender The Escurial burnt The Dutch endeavour to get Assistants The Prince of Orange made their Captain-General The Emperor offers to Mediate Dutch Embassador slighted at Paris Convoys taken care of for the Merchants Several Lords call'd to the Privy Council King of France begins his March Turrenne blocks up Maestricht Fight between the English and Dutch Several Townes taken from the Hollanders Hollanders confus'd at the success of the French The King of Englands Declaration inviting the Dutch Subjects into England Dutch more and more distressed The People Mutiny Prince of Orange declar'd Stadtholder The Condition of the Dutch The Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Arlington sent into Holland Duke of Buckingham and Earl of Arlington return English misâ the Dutch East-Indie Fleet. Earl of Essex Lord-Deputy of Ireland The fall of De Wit and Van Putten The Confederates divert the French Magistrates chang'd in Holland Parl. adjourn'd The Duke of York returns from the Fleet and Action ceases Turenne 's Declaration Sir Edward Sprague spoyles the Dutch Fishing Prince of Orange succeeds ill Earl of Shaftsbury Lord-Chancellor Lord Clifford Lord-Treasurer Stop upon the Exchequer continued Duke of Richmond dies Parl. meet Sir Job Charleton made Speaker 18 Moneths Assessment given to the King The Parl. make an Address to to the King Parl. Adjourn'd James Piercy pretends to the Earldom of Northumberland The Island Tabago taken by the English Dutch at Sea May 26. May 28. June 4. July 17. July 20. August 10. Peace with the Dutch Proclamation against Papists April The Lord Lockhart Mediates a Peace between France and Spain Proclamation against scandalous News Sir Lyonel Jenkins and Sir Joseph Williamson return to London Duke of Monmouth chose Chancellor of Cambridge Earl of Arlington Lord-Chamberlain Sir Joseph Williamson Principal Secretary Earls of Ossory and Arlington âent into Holland A Marine Treaty between the King and the Uâited Provinces Dr. Crew made Bishop of Durham Dr. Compton Bishop of Oxford The Dutchess brought to bed of a Daughter Sir Francis North Lord Chief-Iustice of the Common-Pleas Parl. meets Prince of Newburgh arrives in England Barbadoes Conspiracy Indians Rebel in New-England Northampton fâred River by Salisbury began to be made Navigable Parl. meets Proclamation against St. Germain the Iâsuite Hurricane at Bardoes Jamaica fâourishes
Sir William Brereton now commanded in chief as Major-General of those Counties who civilly courted the Lord Byron the Governour to a Surrender laying before him the impossibility of any Army of Forces that could be advanced that way for that the King was beset in all his Garrisons either by close or open Sieges which at last the Noble Lord hearkned unto and upon very honourable Conditions Surrendred it by Articles the 3 of February And thence Sir William went to besiege Litchfield-close which not long after he gayned by the same way of Treaty as will appear in its due place Several other places of lesser concernment without much parley surrendred likewise suspected of bribery or such-like practises which were finely palliated by the necessity that compelled the greater to their rendition The House now upon discharging the Wardship of the heirs male of Sir Christopher Wray a Member of the said House take an occasion to Vote down the Court of Wards and Liveries All the Kings strength in the field except that Army that was pen'd up in Cornwal was now collected under the Command of the Lord Ashley who was marching to joyn his Infantry with the Kings remains of his Cavalry about Farringdon whereabouts Colonel Rainsborough and Fleetwood kept their Post having an eye upon that design of conjunction and Colonel Morgan and Sir William Brereton pursued him in the Rear from Hereford and Worcestershire At Stow in the Would they overtook and set upon him wearied in his Quarters but his men were yet not willing to resigne their swords till after a fair dispute they were over-powred 1500 taken Prisoners with himself and all his Baggage and Ammunition This was the last battel that was fought hac vice for the King in England and which put a period to any further attempts in the field the Royalists being forced to take up in their strong Holds or submit to the Parliament and endeavour a Composition which was the main work but too hastily entred upon as their own sad experience soon informed them And just before this the 14 of March the Lord Hopton accepted of Terms for the disbanding of his Army which was in this manner After this worsting at Torrington and marching back into Cornwal General Fairfax followed him within two days to Launceston where Colonel Basset with 500 men at first made opposition but was compelled to abandon it as likewise Saltash was quitted and Mount Edgecomb offered a Treaty and not far from thence Sir Iames Smith with a strong party fell upon some of the Van of their Army with good success but having notice of Cromwels approach timely withdrew and gave them liberty to possess Bodmin while the Lord Hopton made his head-Quarters at Truro from whence the Prince embarqued and set Sail for the Island of Scilly with the Lord Culpeper and others which occasioned General Fairfax to complement the Lord Hopton to a disbanding as reckoning them by the Princes forsaking them as good as lost Among other terms offered him this to his particular self as being honour from the mouth of an enemy is requisite to be inserted Lastly for your self besides what is imployed to you in common with others you may be assured of such Meditation to the Parliament on your behalf both from my self and others as for one whom for personal worth and many vertues but especially for your care of and moderation towards the Country we honour and esteem above any other of your party whose error supposing you more swayed with principles of Honour and Conscience we most pity and whose happiness so far as is consistant with the publique welfare we should delight in more than in your least suffering In the mean while the Army advanced and neer St. Columbe beat up the Quarters of the Princes Regiment who made a gallant Charge through the enemy and broke their first divisions but fresh supplies coming they drew off in order leaving behind them Major-General Pert a gallant person mortally wounded a Prisoner but so rebated the edge of the enemies courage that they halted a while and part of the Army drew back to Bodmin more resolved for Treaty than Conquest To which place came the Lord Hopton's answer wherein he pretended his understanding of a likelyhood of agreement between the King his Master and the Parliament which he said without any other Treaty would conclude him and desired to be referred thereto but Fairfax urging this Overture to his advantage would allow of no such delays but his Terms he offered being honourable was all he could grant acquainting his Lordship that there was no such probability of Accommodation and indeed his Lordship was greatly mistaken for there was never any such intention before nor after and delays were dangerous in respect of assistance both from the French and Irish which had been promised to be landed for the Kings service in that County Hereupon the Army also advancing a Treaty was concluded on at Tresilian-bridge and a Cessation agreed to and the General thereupon though with much reluctancy of the Lord Hopton made Truro his Head-quarters so that now the Kings Forces had but six miles in bredth being as it were pounded up as Essex before The conclusion of the Treaty was followed by the rendition of St. Mawes Castle The number of the disbanded was nine Brigades the French consisting of three Regiments the Lord Wentworth's of four Sir Iames Smith's of three the Lord Cleveland's of four Major-General Web's of three the Lord Hopton's commanded by Colonel Bevil the Lord Goring's of five and the Princes Regiment consisting of seven hundred and Sir Richard Greenvil's Reformadoes The Conditions were That they should march away with Horse and Arms in number according to their respective qualities more or less as they should chuse to go abroad to Foreign Service or with Passes to go home each Colonel with eight or six horses six or two pair of Pistols and so other inferior Officers respectively the common Troopers to have twenty shillings a man for their Horses which upon ratifying the Agreement being noised many of the Royalists sold their horses before-hand and got spittle-Jades in their stead which upon their disbanding were turned upon their hand The Lord Hopton was allowed fourty Horse and Arms for himself and twelve men the Lord Wentworth twenty five Horse and Arms for himself and eight men These were the most material and in six days performed All the French were presently shipped for their Country by provision made by the General at Plymouth whither he went accompanied by Lieutenant-General Cromwel being welcomed by the discharge of 300 Pieces of Ordnance while the Army retreated back into Devon-shire to make an end of the Siege of Exceter where Sir Hardress Waller had continued during this Cornish Expedition and the Lords Hopton and Wentworth not deigning the Jurisdiction or indeed any favour from their fellow-subjects at Westminster
who Lorded it at a brave rate gallantly waived and declined any advantage but what was Military in the Articles and Sailed after the Prince into Scilly About this time a resolute Attempt was made upon Abingdon where Major-General Brown was Governour as before then absent in London by a strong party under the command of Sir Stephen Hawkins from Oxford The Foot had gained the Works and had entred the Town as far as the Market-place but some resistance being there made and the Horse-guard taking the Alarm by the appearance of Major Blundel who desperately charged they were by Force driven out again no Horse but onely three Gentlemen of Christ-Church Oxon clambering over to assist them the Pioneers and their instruments being so far behind in the Rear that they could not timely advance to make a breach for the Cavalry to enter and so that noble design not without suspition of treachery was frustrated Ashby de-la-zouch the maiden-Garrison that was never before Besieged during the War was now rendred by the Lord Loughborough whose Government it was upon honourable terms to the Parliament And so we have finished this unfortunate year which with its period and revolution may be said to have concluded the Government Monarchy being beaten out of the field and out of doors together the Enemies thereof having nothing more of hazard to do but to encounter its Authority at the Bar with Pleas not in Battalia with push of pike and so the main of the Interregnum between that and the Kings death was spent in contrivances designs and new models of I know not what whereof after the reduction of some other places in the beginning of the year 1646 which languished in a Consumption till May the Critical month for that disease there will be unwelcome occasion for this Chronicle next to discourse Anno Dom. 1646. DEnnington-Castle leads the dance and though it had withstood the many Sieges and attempts made by the enemy could not now resist its Fate nor the easie Summons of a Brigade of the Victor-Army but despairing of Relief and so of honourable Terms if they should stand to their usual extremity submitted But out of revenge for the slaughter and disappointment the Parliament had suffered under its walls by the resolution of the Governour he upon his return to his own house according to Articles was notwithstanding contrary thereunto sued and impleaded for several demolitions by firing of the out-houses for the strength and security of the Castle and by the neighbours for damages And to palliate this breach the better they made an Ordinance being cock-sure of a plenary Conquest That all Articles of Surrenders should insert the damages by wilful firing which as it was most unjust so was it as uncivil and base and befitting none but tumultuary head-strong and undisciplined enemies And for the fuller satisfaction of their spleen and adust choler against this Fortress they themselves not thinking of any reckoning laid the goodly Fabrick in ashes made yet more notable by its loyal ruines than it could have been if standing Then followed the Rendition of Ruthen-Castle in Wales to Colonel Mitton whither some of the residue of the divided Forces under Sir William Vaugban had betaken themselves upon less equal Conditions than the main Army offered to any place whatsoever Then was Corf-Castle in Dorsetshire taken without any offer of Terms by violence and policy mixt together and to make those Surrenders a Pair-royal Exeter was added whither Fairfax was come and on the 31 of March drew all his Army round the City within Musquet-shot having made Bridges over the River and then sent in another Summons which resolved into a Treaty Sir Iohn Berkley the Governour sent out the names of his Commissioners to treat which at first were ten but Fairfax for expedition desiring a less number eight were consented to and six of his viz. for Exeter Sir Henry Barkley Sir George Cary Colonel Ashburnham Colonel Godolphin Captain Fitz-Gerald Mr. Iohn Weare Mr. Robert Walker and Mr. Thomas Knight For the Parliaments Army Colonel Hammond Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance Colonel Sir Hardress Waller Colonel Edward Harley now a Confident shortly after a Reprobate of the Army Colonel Lambert Commissary-General Stane and Major Watson Scoutmaster-General By whom after five days debate it was agreed as followeth That the City should be rendred to General Fairfax on Monday the 13th of April with all the Stores c. The Princess Henrietta to depart any where with her Governess in England and Wales until His Majesty should give order for her disposal The Cathedral nor Churches to be defaced That the Garrison shall march out according to the most honourable custom of War and to have free quarter all the way and not to be compelled to march above ten miles a day and with their Arms to the places agreed upon for their laying them down The Composition of persons of quality shall not exceed two years purchase That all persons comprised within these Articles shall quietly and and peaceably enjoy all their goods debts and moveables during the space of four moneths next ensuing And be free-from all Oaths Covenants and Protestations and have liberty within the said time of four moneths in case they shall not make their Composition with the Parliament and shall be resolved to go beyond Sea for which they shall have Passes to dispose of their said goods debts and moveables allowed by these Articles These were the chief Articles though there were a great many more very honourable all of them as it was the humour or else policy of the Army to grant them and served as the original Draught for other places In these Articles Sir Iohn Stawel was included who for his constant avowance of those Immunities in these Articles from Oaths c. was most dishonourably and savagely used insomuch that the Faith of the Army with their disloyal and perfidious actions towards the King appeared at the same time alike villanous and tyrannical After the Articles were signed which was the ninth the General would not lose so much time as to stay till Munday the thirteenth the time of their Rendition but though the weather was unseasonable marched away to Tiverton and so to form a Siege at Barnstable which concluded upon the same Terms with Exeter and then Dunstar-Castle who embraced the same Conditions of which anon The West being cleared Pendennis-Castle onely excepted General Fairfax on the 18th of April began his march towards Oxford it being then rumoured that the King in the perplexity of his affairs would escape thence but whither it could not be so much as conjectured In his way thither saith one of their own Historians so many Complaints were made to him of outrages and barbarisms done in contravention of the Articles both of Cornwal and Exeter by the Committee-Troops forsooth that if they were particularly related would make such a
Windward from us who made sail and went towards Dover We wanted two of our Ships who were in the Rear of our Fleet the Captains Tuynman's of Middleburgh and Siphe Fook's of Amsterdam both ships of the Direction whereof we found that of Captain Siphe Fook's about noon floating without Masts The Skipper and the Officers declared unto us that they were taken by three ships of the Parliament two hours after Sun-set who took from aboard the Captain and Lieutenant with 14 or 15 men more and put instead of them many of the English but they fearing that the ship would sink they took the flight after they had plundered all in hostile manner They declared also that they see the said Tuynman's being with them in the Rear of our Fleet an hour before he was taken We intend with this Easterly wind to cross to and fro that we may finde out the said Streight vaerders if it be possible and with all other Ships with whom we may meet to bring them safe in our Country So ending was Subscribed M. Harp Trump Dated the 30 of May 1652. from aboard the Ship The Lords Embassadors Paper Exhibited â3 3 Iune 1652. To the Council of State of the Commonwealth of England Most Illustrious Lords Even as both by word of mouth and also by Writing we have signified to this Council on the 3 and 6 days of this Month taking God the searcher of Mens Hearts to witness that the most unhappy Fight of the Ships of both Commonwealths did happen against the knowledge and will of the Lords States General of the Vnited Netherlands so also are we daily more and more assured both by Messages and Letters witnessing the most sincere hearts of our said Lords and that with Grief and astonishment they received the Fatal News of that unhappy rash Action and that upon what we thereupon presently sent them word of they did consult and endeavour to finde out what Remedy chiefly may be applied to mitigate that raw and Bloody Wound To which end they have written out for to gather a solemn Meeting or Parliament of all the Provinces whereby we do not doubt but there will be provided for these Troubles by Gods favour such a Cure and present help whereby not onely the outward cause of all further Evil may be taken away but also by an Intârn comfort the mindes may be redressed and reduced again to a better hope of our Treaty in hand which thing being now most earnestly agitated by our Lords for the common good of both Nations to shun that detestable shedding of Christian Blood so much desired and would be dearly bought by their common Enemies of both Nations and of the Reformed Religion We again do crave of this most Honourable Council and beseech you by the Pledges both of the common Religion and Liberty mean while to suffer nothing to be done out of too much heat that afterwards may prove neither revocable nor repairable by too late idle Vows and Wishes but rather that you would let us receive a kinde Answer without further delay upon our last Request Which we do again and again desire so much the more because we understand that the Ships of our Lords and of our Skippers both on the broad-sea as in the Ports of this Commonwealth some by force some by Fighting are taken by your men and kept Given at Chelsey 13 3 Iune 1652. Signed I. Cats G. Schaep P. Vanderperre The Answer of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England to the Papers presented to them by the Council of State from the Embassadors Extraordinary of the Lords the States General of the United Provinces The first whereof was dated the 3 of June the second the 6 of June and the last dated the 13 of June 1652. new Stile upon occasion of the late Fight between the Fleets The Parliament of the Commonwealth of England calling to minde with what continued Demonstrations of Friendship and sincere Affections from the very beginning of their Intestine Troubles they have proceeded towards their Neighbours of the Vnited Provinces omitting nothing on their part that might conduce to a good Correspondence with them and to a growing up into a more neer and strict Union than formerly do finde themselves much surprized with the unsutable Returns that have been made thereunto and especially at the Acts of Hostility lately committed in the very Roads of England upon the Fleet of this Commonwealth the matter of Fact whereof stated in clear Proofs is hereunto annexed upon serious and deliberate consideration of all and of the several Papers delivered in by our Excellencies to the Council of State the Parliament thinks fit to give this Answer to those Papers The Parliament as they would be willing to make a charitable Construction of the Expressions used in the said Papers endeavouring to represent the late Engagement of the Fleets to have happened without the knowledge and against the minde of Your Superiours So when they consider how disagreeable to that profession the Resolutions and Actions of Your State and their Ministers at Sea have been even in the midst of a Treaty offered by themselves and managed here by Your Excellencies the extraordinary preparations of 150 Sail of Men of War without any visible occasion but what doth now appear a just ground of jealousie in your own Judgements when Your Lordships pretended to excuse it and the Instructions themselves given by Your said Superiours to their Commanders at Sea do finde too much cause to believe That the Lords the States General of the Vnited Provinces have an intention by Force to Usurp the known Rights of England in the Seas to destroy the Fleets that are under God their Walls and Bulworks and thereby expose this Common-wealth to Invasion at their pleasure as by their late Action they have attempted to do Whereupon the Parliament conceive they are obliged to endeavour with Gods assistance as they shall have opportunity to seek Reparation of the Wrongs already suffered and Security that the like be not attempted for the future Nevertheless with this minde and desire That all Differences betwixt the Nations may if possibly be peaceably and friendly composed as God by his Providence shall open a way thereunto and Circumstances shall be conducing to render such Endeavours less delatory and more effectual than those of this kinde heretofore-used have been This Answer Insinuating the intention of a War being Communicated to the States General they ordered their remaining Embassador to insist upon and demand a Categorick-Answer so was it called to their Proposals in the Treaty positively off or on which being made The House took into debate the business of the Embassador Extraordinary from the States General of the Vnited Provinces and thereupon Passed these Resolutions to be sent to the Embassador in Answer to his fourth and last Paper 1. That the Lords the States General of the United Provinces do pay and satisfie unto this Commonwealth the Charges and
Damages this State hath sustained and been put unto by the Preparations of the said States General and their attempts this Summer the Particulars whereof shall be in due time produced 2. That upon the payment of the sum to be agreed upon as aforesaid for Charges and Damages or securing the same to the satisfaction of the Parliament there shall follow immediately thereupon a Cessation of all Acts of Hostility and the Ships and Goods taken since the Difference shall be Released 3. The two former Propositions being assented unto and put in Execution the security for the time to come which the Parliament doth expect is by both States contracting a firm Alliance and Consistency of Interest for the good of both which the Parliament of England is willing on their part by all just ways and means to endeavour And so we pass from these civil Debates to the prosecution of the War This rude accost being over by reason of the night the two Fleets parted Van Trump to the back of the Goodwyn-sand whence he sailed for Zealand and being recruited to the number of 120 sail while General Blake with 70 Men of War was gone Northwards to seize upon their Busses and Fishing-trade and to meet their East-India-men five in number coming as usually since Amboyna home that way came into the Road of the Downs again where Sir George Ayscue who arrived at Plymouth May 25 from the Barbadoes and came thither on the 6 of Iune was ordered by the Parliament to attend till a Fleet was made ready in the River of Thames to joyn with him having in the interim on the first of Iune seized on 10 sail with a Man of War of 22 Guns sent to give notice to all Merchant-men and on the 17 fourteen more some whereof were stranded with three Men of War of twenty twenty six and thirty Guns Van Trump having understood the aforesaid opportunity clapt in between the River and Sir George leaving part of his Fleet to the Westward resolving to surprize those ships coming out or to sink those under Sir George Ayscue but advice being immediately given from Dover of the posture of the Enemy the Navy within budged not and thereupon the Dutch presently addrest themselves to the other part of the designe and the opportune time of Ebb coming on the 8 of Iuly they sailed towards Sir George but the Wind failing they came to an Anchor a League off and the next Ebb against which time a Platform was cast up between Deal and Sandown-Castles and Cannon planted thereon to bear upon them as they came in and the Militia thereabouts in Arms at the shore from whence several Mariners reinforced the Fleet which consisted of no more than 15 ships as they were under sail the Wind came fully about South-west which the Dutch afterwards said was the Witch-Act Wind and blew so directly in their Teeth that they could not possibly make up to them and it being likely to continue so for it came in with a brisk gale Trump that had no longer time to stay the Fleets of Merchants for the Northern Eastern and West-India Seas waiting his return for their Convoy Northwards departed for Holland and having received the said charge of ships and order about the Fishing sailed towards the Sound whence having secured and left that part of his Fleet to their Voyage he proceeded with the rest towards the Northermost point of Scotland the Isles of Orkney where General Blake was newly in Harbour after a Squadron of his Frigats had spoiled the Herring-fishing by driving most seizing some other Busses which after the accustomed Toll of every tenth Herring as was in gross computed being paid were released with a charge of Fishing there no more without English leave and the taking of their 12 Men of War that guarded them 3 whereof were afterwards sunk They made a stout and gallant resistance and killed abundance of the English It was Trump's Resolution to have here Engaged likewise with Blake having met already with the Dutch East-India Fleet of five Sail but upon a sudden such a Storm arose that he was glad to put to Sea and there his Fleet was so scattered and dispersed that he came home but with 42 sail the rest came after much tossing to an Anchor some at Norway the rest in Scotland with two of the East-India ships which at first were given for lost with those War-ships that were missing but shortly after all except six came home in safety Trump to Scheveling and so to the Hague to give an account Blake first to the Coast of Holland with six of the Dutch Frigats he had taken and 900 Prisoners in them and thence to Yarmouth for Victual and cross again to the Enemies Coast several losses having happened to both Nations in the mean time by private Free-booters and some small Men of War taken from us While Van Trump's Fleet was now rigging and fitting out another Fleet of 50 Men of War set to Sea from Zealand to go Westward and Convoyed a Fleet of Merchant-men the same way where Sir George Aycue's station was about Plymouth at which Port two Streights-men newly arrived and five East-India ships came in soon after in safety in expectation of them They were seen first at Bright hemstead in Sussex where they chased and took some Barques and so Westward ãâã the back of the Isle of Wight advertisement whereof being given it was resolved that Sir George with his Fleet of 40 Men of War most Merchant-men except the Flag-ships should stretch over to the Coast of France to meet them Accordingly on the 16 of August between one and two of the clock in the afternoon they got sight of the Enemy who quitted their Merchant-men being 50 in number About four the fight began the English Admiral with 9 others charging through their Fleet but received most damage in the Shrouds Masts Sails and Rigging which was repaid the Dutch in their Hulls Sir George having thus passed through them got the Weather-gage and Charged them again but all his Fleet not coming up and the night already entred they parted with a drawn Battle Captain Peck the Rear-Admiral lost his Leg whereof soon after he died several Captains were wounded but no ship lost onely some shattered and torn of the Dutch not one was said to be lost though many of them shot through and through but so that they were able to proceed in their Voyage and Anchored the next day after being followed by the English at the Isle of Bassa but no further attempt was made by our Fleet by reason as 't was pretended of the danger of the French Coast from whence they returned to Plymouth sound to mend and repair their damage Whatever the matter might be Sir George was never employed more in their Service but 't was judged not any default here but the Honourable largeness of his Articles at Barbadoes were the cause thereof and
for Mac Cloud and Mac Eldow had Articled some time before to render the last Arms that were taken up for his Majesty in that Kiâgdom And so we dismiss that War with this valedictory Elogie to both those honourable Generals the one of them just ceased his indefatigable industry for the Recovery of the Kings Rights and had a Royal Conge and Writ of Emeriâus est and the other like an Altern Luminary began or rather renewed his auspicious aspect upon the Kings Restitution so that the brightness of the Majesty of Scotland was never totally obscured and long may they now shine together without diminution to each others lustre in this glorious Firmament of his Majesties present and perpetual Empire In England the French Embassadors prosecuted the Treaty amâin and with very great secrecy but some mistake happening in point of civility and ceremony by Monsieur de Baas Bourdeaux's Colleague he returned into France to meet a report of his carriage at Paris from whence upon timely overture of the proceedings in that affair our Soveraign withdrew and departed to the Spaw by Leige where he was magnificently treated by that City and so onward in his journey to meet the Princess of Aurange his Sister who had left her Son the Prince in Holland where the divisions about his being Stadtholder were as high as ever and to help them forward Cromwel writ to the States of Zealand to perswade them to the Holland-resolution which the Towns of Campen and Swol had so far withstood as to accept and Swear Prince William of Frizeland to be their Stadtholder during the minority of the Prince of Aurange which was 19 years or till he should be capable of the Government The Duke of York was to have Commanded as Lieutenant-General of the French Army in Italy but this unhandsome Peace disobliged his better-deserving and victorious Arms and turned them afterward against such thankless and regardless Relations he continued yet nevertheless at Paris till after the said Treaty was concluded and then took his Farewel of that unkinde and politick Court Prince Rupert was now at Vienna where he was highly Complemented and presented by the Emperour and from thence came back to Heydelberg Prince Cromwel who was now wholly out of action having laid his Scene in the Counties and Boroughs for Elections to the ensuing Parliament gave himself and the Town a little recreation It happened on a Friday in Iuly that desirous to divert himself with driving of his Coach and six Horses in Hide-park with his Secretary Thurloe in it like Mephistophilus and Doctor Faustus careering it in the Air to try how he could govern Horses since Rational Creatures were so unruly and difficult to be reined like another Phaeton he fell in the Experiment from the Coach-box which was presently posted into the City and many ominous and true Conjectures made of his certain Catastroâphâ one of the ingenious Songs on the occasion ending in this presagioââ Rythme Every Day and Hour hath shew'd us his power But now he hath shew'd us his Art His first Reproach was a fall from a Coach His next will be from a Cart. According to the late Instrument of Government of 42 Strings or Articles one whereof was that a Parliament should be callâd every three years the first the third of September next He accordingly Issued out his Writs the Election to be made one and the same day throughout England most of the Boroughs had but one Burgess and the Shires some of them six or seven Knights all of them under sure qualifications of not having been or being of the Cavalier-party There were 30 also by the Instrument Elected for Scotland and as many for Ireland all or most of whom were English Commanders On the third of September they met and adjourned from the House to the Abbey where Mr. Marshal Preached and so to the Painted Chamber where they had a Message from the Protector to invite them to a Sermon the next day again when Dr. Goodwyn Preached and the Protector came in great State in his Coach Cleypole the Master of his Horse and Strickland the Captain of his Guard bare-headed on both sides At his entrance into the Church Lambert carried the Sword before him and Whitlock the Purse The Sermon done to the Painted Chamber again and there in a Speech he set forth these Heads That some few years ago none would have thought of such a Door of Hope that he knew there were yet many Humours and Interests and that Humours were above Interest that the condition of England was like Israel in the Wilderness of which the Sermon was that this was a Healing day there was neither Nobleman nor Gentleman nor Yeoman before known by any distinction we had not any that bore Rule or Authority but a great Contempt of Magistracy and Christ's Ordinances That the Fifth-Monarchy was highly cried up by persons who would Assume the Government but that desired thing wanted greater manifestation than appeared for such men to change the Authority by And this directed at the late Parliament He desired this Honourable Assembly to remedy all these Disorders shewed that the Wars with Portugal French and Dutch do and did eat up the Assessments that swarms of Iesuits are crept in to make Divisions which were grown so wide that nothing but his Government could remedy them and let men say what they will he could speak it with comfort before a greater than any of them Then he shewed what he had done during his Government First his endeavour of Reforming the Laws having joyned all parties to assist in that great Work Next his filling the Benches with the ablest Lawyers Then his Regulation of the Court of Chancery and his Darling-Ordinance for approbation of Ministers which hindred all that list from invading the Ministry by men of both perswasions Presbyterians and Independents c. And lastly his being Instrumental to call a Free Parliament which he valued and would keep it so above his life Then he shewed the advantages of the Peace with Dutch Dane and Swede and the Protestant Interest which he would have them improve and intend chiefly That they were now upon the edge of Canaan That he spake not as their Lord but their Fellow-servant And then bad them go and chuse their Speakâr which they did without presenting of him his Name William Lenthal the old Chair-man and next day fell upon the Instrument as they had Voted by Parts as it lay and questioned the Power which Oliver understanding to put them out of that Course which touched his Copy-hold after 9 days he came to the Painted Chamber and sending for them declared and asserted four Fundamentals in the Instrument which they were not to meddle with or to alter 1. The Government by a Single person and Parliament 2. The Imperpetuity of Parliaments or continued Succession â The Militia which was his onely And 4. Liberty of Conscience And that a