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lord_n	francis_n	leicester_n	sir_n	31,910	5	10.0122	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10231	Purchas his pilgrimage. Or Relations of the vvorld and the religions obserued in all ages and places discouered, from the Creation vnto this present Contayning a theologicall and geographicall historie of Asia, Africa, and America, with the ilands adiacent. Declaring the ancient religions before the Floud ... The fourth edition, much enlarged with additions, and illustrated with mappes through the whole worke; and three whole treatises annexed, one of Russia and other northeasterne regions by Sr. Ierome Horsey; the second of the Gulfe of Bengala by Master William Methold; the third of the Saracenicall empire, translated out of Arabike by T. Erpenius. By Samuel Purchas, parson of St. Martins by Ludgate, London.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.; Makīn, Jirjis ibn al-ʻAmīd, 1205-1273. Taŕikh al-Muslimin. English.; Methold, William, 1590-1653.; Horsey, Jerome, Sir, d. 1626.	1626 (1626)	STC 20508.5; ESTC S111832	2,067,390	1,140

knowne and honourably entertayned I had now gotten foure or fiue Seruants Dutch and English The Burgomasters sent mee a Present of Fish Flesh and Wines taking notice of the fauours I had done to them and theirs diuers came with thankfull acknowledgement of their Redemption by my meanes and Purse from Moscouite and Tartarian Captiuity and presented me with a Boll couer guilt in it Ricks Dollers and Hungarian Duckets which Coyne I returned againe They brought mee their Towne Booke and prayed mee to write my Name and place of Birth and abode that they and their Posteritie might honour my Name in Record for euer At Hamburgh likewise they for like cause presented me their thankes and Present and the Burgomasters feasted me I landed at Harwich opened my Aquauitae Bottle which had beene girt close vnder my Caffocke by day and my best Pillow by night and tooke thence the Emperours Letters which I sweetned aswell as I could But yet the Queene smelt the Aquauitae-sauour I had accesse three or foure seuerall times and some discourse by meanes of my Lord Treasurer Sir Francis Walsingham and some honourable countenance of my Lord of Leister by Sir Edward Horsey my Kinsman his meanes I was well entertayned by the Muscouie Company to whom the Queene had giuen command to prepare those things for which the Emperour had giuen directions With which and her Maiesties Letters gracious fauour sworne her Seruant Esquire of the Body giuing me her Picture Hand to kisse I departed in company of twelue tall Ships Wee met with the King of Denmarke his Fleet of Shippes and Gallies neere the North Cape fought with them and put them to the worst and after arriued at S. Nicolas I posted ouer Vaga and came to Slobida Alexandrisca where I deliuered the Queenes Letters to the Emperour with her pleasure by word of mouth short of his expectation He commanded my silence commended my speed and businesse done for him gaue me allowanances and promised his goodnesse for recompence of my seruice He commanded also that those Commodities should be brought vp to the Musco and receiued into his Treasury viz. Copper Lead Powder Salt-peeter Brimstone c. to the value of 9000. pounds and ready mony payd for them He came to the Citie of Musco and cast his displeasure vpon some Grandes hee sent a Parasite of his with 200. Gunners to rob his Brother in Law Mekita Romanowich our next Neighbour which tooke from him all his Armour Horses Plate Mony Lands and Goods to the value of 100000. Marks sterling He sent the next day to the English House for as much course Cotton as would make himselfe and his children Gownes to couer them The Emperour sent likewise Simon Nagoy another of his Instruments to squeeze or spunge Andrew Shalkan a great bribing Officer who brought his faire young Wife Solumaneda out of her Chamber defiled her cut and gashed her naked backe with his Cemitar killed his trusty Seruant Iuan Lottish tooke all his Horses Goods and Lands and beat out of his shinnes 10000. Robles or Markes sterling in mony At that time did the Emperour also conceiue displeasure against the Dutchmen and Liuonians before mentioned to whom a Church and libertie of Religion had beene giuen by my meanes and appointed certaine Captaines with 2000. Gunners in the night to take the spoile of all they had who stripped them naked rauished and defloured the women and virgins carrying away diuers of the youngest and fairest to serue their lusts Some escaping came to the English house where they were cloathed and relieued not without danger of displeasure amongst whom was that daughter of the Gouernour of Osell in Liefland commended to my fauour whose freedome I also afterwards procured and conueyed her to her father His crueltie grew now ripe for vengeance and hee not long after falling out with his eldest Sonne for his commiseration to those distressed Christians and for greeuing at his Vnkles wrongs iealous also of the peoples affection to him gaue him a boxe on the eare as it was tearmed which he tooke so tenderly that hee fell into a burning Feuer and in three dayes departed this life Whereat the Emperour tore his haire and beard like a mad man lamenting too late for that irrecouerable losse not to himselfe so much as to the Empire whose hopes were buried with him being a wise milde and worthy Prince of three and twenty yeeres Hee was buried in Michala Archangell Church in the Musco with Iewels and Riches put in his Tombe valued at 50000. pounds watched after by twelue Citizens in course euery night deuoted to his Saint Iohn and Michael to keepe both body and Treasure till his Resurrection Now was the Emperour more earnest to send into England about his long conceited match his second Sonne being weake of wit and body without hope of ability for gouernment and the third not only young but disallowed in Sanctitie and according to the fundamentall Lawes illegitimate borne out of Wedlocke of the fift vnlawfull Wife not solemnised with the Rites of their Church but in the Church-yard by a depriued and excommunicated Prelate in which respect neyther she nor her Issue were capeable of the Crowne The Emperour peruseth the Queenes last Letters and addresseth one of his trustiest Seruants in Embassage Theodore Pissempskeie a wise Nobleman about the Lady Mary Hastings aforesaid and that her Maiesty would bee pleased to send some Noble Embassadour to treate with him therein This Embassadour tooke shipping at Saint Nicolas and arriuing in England was magnificently entertayned and admitted audience Her Maiesty caused that Lady to bee attended with diuers Ladies and young Noblemen that so the Embassadour might haue a sight of her which was accomplished in Yorke House Garden There was he attended also with diuers men of quality brought before her and casting downe his countenance fell prostrate before her and rising ranne backe with his face still towards her The Lady with the rest admiring at this strange salutation hee sayd by an Interpreter it sufficed him to behold the Angelicall presence of her which hee hoped should bee his Masters Spouse and Empresse seeming rauished with her Angelicall countenance state and beauty Shee was after that by her familiar friends in Court called Empresse of Mosconia Sir William Russell third Sonne to the Earle of Bedford a wise and comely Gentleman was appointed her Maiesties Ambassadour to the Moscoune but hee and his Friends considering of the businesse and not so forward thereto the Company of Merchants intreated for Sir Ierome Bowes mooued theretowith his presence and tall person He was well set forth most at their charge and with the Russian Embassadour arriued at S. Nicolas The Emperours Ambassadour posted ouer land and deliuered his Letters with the accounts of his Embassage which was ioyfully accepted Sir I. B. passed slowly vp the Dwina 1000. miles to Vologda The Emperour sends a Pensioner Michael Preterpopoue

by Alexander Ortelius esteemeth Derbent to be Caucasiae portae which Plinie calleth a mightie worke of Nature c. §. VI. Of the Circassians WEstward from hence is entrance into the Circassian Countrey extending it selfe on Meotis fiue hundred miles and within land two hundred Christians they are in profession from hence the Soldans of Egypt had their slaues of which were raised their Mamalukes Their chiefe Cities are Locoppa and Cromuco at the mouth of Tanais the Turke hath fortified Asaph They liue in great part on robberies In old time in this Tract was Phanagoria and therein the Temple of Venus surnamed Apaturia because that when the Gyants assaulted her she implored the aide of Hercules who slew them all one after another Cimmerium a Towne at these straits gaue name thereunto of Cimmerius Bosphorus But little can be said of these in particular more then generally may be said of the Scythians to whom they are reckoned Georgius Interianus hath written a Tractate of these Zychi or Circassi called of themselues Adiga expressing their vnchristian Christianitie and barbarous manner of liuing which I hold fittest in our discouerie of the diuers professions of Christian Religion to relate §. VII Of the Curdi SOme adde vnto Armenia in their moderne Maps and Discoueries besides the Turcomani a people that came thither out of Tartaria the Curdi both still retaining the Tartarian and Arabian manner of life in Tents without Cities Townes or Houses Their Religion halteth betwixt diuers Religions of the Turkes Persians and Christians of the Iacobite and Nestorian Sects In heart they are neither fast to GOD nor Man dissembling with the Persian and Turke and better skilled in robberie murther and faithlesse treacherie their daily practise then mysteries of Faith and Religion They are also Lords of Bitlis and some other Cities and Holds in those parts They are called Courdines by Sir Anthony Sherley who saith they know no other fruits of the earth but what belonged to the sustenance of their cattell vpon the milke butter and flesh of which they liue ruled by certaine Princes of their owne which giue partly an obedience to the Turke partly to the Persian as they are neerest the confines of the one or the other Yet in that simplicitie of liuing through ambition warres grow daily among them euen to the extirpation of a whole Nation As we found freshly when wee passed by one of their Princes called Hiderbeague all whose people were deuoured by the sword or carried away captiue by Coatheague and himselfe remained onely with some twentie soules in a Rocke Ten thousand of their Courdines subiect to the Turke abandoned their Countrey and requested some waste land to be giuen them by Abas the present Persian which gaue them entertainment one occasion of quarrell betwixt him and the Turke They are supposed to be a remnant of the ancient Parthians and neuer go abroad without their Armes Bowes Arrowes Scimitars and Bucklers euen when age seemeth to haue fastned one foot in the graue They adore and worship the Deuill that hee may not hurt them nor their cattell they are cruell to all sorts of Christians their Countrey is therefore called Terra Diaboli One of their Townes is named Manuscute a mile from which is an Hospitall dedicated to Saint Iohn Baptist much frequented as well by Turkes as Christians whom superstition hath perswaded that whosoeuer will bestow Kidde Sheepe or Money to releeue the poore of that place shall both prosper in his iourney and obtaine the forgiuenesse of his sinnes CHAP. II. Of the Medes ARmenia extending it selfe if Iustine haue measured rightly eleuen hundred miles on the East encountereth Media in which lieth our next perambulation It receiued the name of Madai the sonne of Iaphet not of Medus the sonne of Medea and Iason It limited on the North with the Caspian Sea on the South with Persia on the East with Parthia Ecbatana the chiefe Citie built as Plinie affirmeth by Seleucus indeed farre more ancient and by them happily reedified is distant from the Caspian straits twentie miles These Straits are a narrow way made by hand thorow the Hills scarce wide enough for a Cart to passe eight miles in length the Rocks manifesting their indignation at this interruption by obscure frownes and salt teares continually streaming from them which I know not by what sudden horror are presently congealed into Ice also all the Summer time armies of Serpents keeping the passages Well may this bee the house of Enuie so fitly doth that fable of the Poet agree with the nature of this place Domus est imis in vallibus huius Abdita lose carens non vlli peruia vento Tristis ignaui plenissima frigoris quae Igne vacet semper caligine semper abundet videt intus edentem Vipereas carnes vitiorum alimenta suorem INVIDIAM Of Ecbatana we reade in the Historie of Iudith that Arpachshad built the walls of hewen stones seuentie cubits high and fiftie cubits broad c. Herodotus affirmeth that after the Assyrians had raigned in Asia fiue hundred and twentie yeeres the Medes rebelled and chose Deioces to be their King and at his command builded him this Royall Citie and a Palace of great beautie the timber whereof was Cedar ioyned with plates of siluer and gold it was seuen furlongs in compasse his successours are there reckoned Phraortes Cyoxares Astyages Iustine reporteth that Arbactus or Arbaces Lieutenant of the Medes vnder Sardanapalus rebelled against him for his effeminate life and translated the Empire from the Assyrians with whom it had continued thirteene hundred yeeres to the Medes Diodorus Siculus addeth in this conspiracie vnto this Arbaces the Mede Belesus whom some call Phul Beloch the Babylonian who shared the state betwixt them the Babylonian possessing Babylonia and Assyria and Arbaces Media and Persia Of this more is said before In the time of Ninus Farnus saith Diodorus was King of Media who encountring with Ninus in battell was there taken with his wife and seuen sonnes all which the bloudie Conquerour commanded to be crucified And thus remained Media hand-maid to the Assyrians till the time of Sardanapalus but not without some disquiet For in Semiramis time the Medes rebelled and destroyed Nineue But Semiramis inuaded their Countrie with a mightie Armie and comming to the Hill Bagistanus sacred to Iupiter there pitched her Tents and in the plaine fields made a garden containing twelue furlongs Beyond the garden shee cut a Rocke seuenteene furlongs high grauing therein her owne Image and an hundred others bringing her gifts Some tell this otherwise that shee pourtrayed her owne Image in that huge quantitie and appointed an hundred Priests continually to attend the same with offerings and diuine worship At Chaona a Citie of Media shee espying another huge Rocke in the Plaine caused another Garden to bee made in the middest thereof with sumptuous houses

it selfe to the Portugall yoke And because we haue in this Chapter mentioned so many Wonders let this also haue place among if not aboue the rest which presently happened Whiles the Portugalls were busie in their Buildings a certaine Bengalan came to the Gouernour which had liued as hee affirmed three hundred thirtie fiue yeeres The old men of the Countrey testified That they had heard their Ancestors speake of his great age and himselfe had a sonne fourescore and tende yeeres old and not at all Booke-learned yet was a speaking Chronicle of those passed times His teeth had sometimes fallen out others growing in their places and his beard after it had beene very hoarie by degrees returned into his former blacknesse About an hundred yeeres before this time he had altered his Pagan Religion into the Arabian or Moorish For this his miraculous age the Sultans of Cambaya had allowed him a stipend to liue on the continuance of which he now sought and did obtaine of the Portugals Friar Ioano dos Santos cells a long story of one yet aliue Ann. 1605. of whom the Bishop of Cochin had sent men to inquire who by diligent search found that hee was then three hundred eightie yeeres old and had married eight times the father of many generations They say his teeth had thrice fallen out and thrice renewed his haire thrice hoary and as oft black againe Hee could tell of nineteene successiue Kings which reigned in Horan his Countrey in Bengala He was also borne a Gentile and after turned Moore and hoped he said to dye a Christian reioycing to see a picture of Saint Francis saying Such a man when he was twentie fiue yeeres old had foretold him this long life But to returne Mamudius successor to Badurius sought with all his forces to driue these new Lords out of Diu as Solyman had done before by a Nauie and Armie sent thither but both in vaine of which Wars Damianus à Goes hath written diuers Commentaries But this whole Countrey is now subiect to the Mogor It was in Alexanders time peopled by the Massani Sodrae or Sabracae Praestae and Sangadae as Ortelius hath placed them where Alexander as in diuers other places he had done erected a Citie of his owne name called Alexandria Daman another Key of this Bay and entrance of the Riuer Indus into the Sea fell to the Portugals share The Land of Cambaya is the fruitfullest in all India which causeth great traffique of Indians Portugals Persians Arabians Armenians c. The Guzarates or Cambayans are the subtillest Merchants in all those parts They haue amongst them many Histories of Darius and Alexander which sometime were Lords of this Indian Prouince The Portugals haue at diuers times conquered diuers of the chiefe Townes in this Kingdome some whereof they keepe still The women in Diu by Art dye their teeth black esteeming themselues so much the more beautifull and therefore go with their lips open to shew the blacknesse of their teeth drawing away the couer of their lips as if they were lip-lesse giuing the prize of Beautie to a double deformitie Blacknesse and a Mouth O Hellish wide When a Cambayan dyeth they burne his body and distribute the ashes vnto the foure Elements of which man consisteth part to the Fire part to the Ayre to the Water also and Earth their due portions as Balby hath obserued M. Patrike Copland Minister in the Dragon with Captaine Best writes that hee rode in this Countrey from Medhaphrabadh to Surat in a Coach drawne with Oxen which is the most ordinary though they haue goodly Horses He saw at once the goodliest Spring and Haruest that euer he had seene Fields joyning together whereof one was greene as a medow the other yellow as gold ready to be cut of Wheat and Rice All along goodly Villages full of trees yeelding Taddy the Palme of which after a new sweet Wine strengthning and fattening A Smith which loued his liquor said hee could wish no other wages but a pot of this Taddy alway at his girdle §. II. Of the Kingdomes of Decan OF the Decans we haue spoken before in the Mogol conquests Decan is the name of a Citie sixe leagues from which is a Hill out of which the Diamond is taken This Hill is kept with a Garrison and walled about Of the Decan Kingdomes Barros hath reported That about the yeere 1300. Sa Nosaradin reigned in Delly or Delin and inuaded the Kingdome of Canara which reacheth from the Riuer Bate North of Chaul vnto the Cape Comori and wonne much from the Ancestors of the King now termed of Bisnaga At his returne he left Habedsa his Lieutenant who added to the former Conquests gathering a Band of all mixtures Gentiles Moores Christians His sonne was confirmed in the Gouernment therefore called Decan and the people Decanins because of this confusion of so many Nations of which his Fathers and His forces consisted for Decanins signifies Bastards He shooke off alleageance to his Lord and acknowledged none Superiour Hee also much encreased his Dominions His name was Mamudsa Hee appointed eighteene Captaines or Commanders allotting to each seuerall Prouinces These Captaines hee made were but slaues that so hee might the easier hold them in subjection He commanded that each of them should build a Palace at Bedir his chiefe Citie and there reside certaine moneths in the yeere his sonne remayning there in perpetuall hostage These in processe of time grew fewer and therefore greater the King holding nothing but his Royall Citie all the Empire being in the hands of these slaues which when the Portugals came thither were no more but Sabay Niza-Malucco Madre Malucco Melic Verida Coge Mecadam the Abessine Eunuch and Cota Malucco The mightiest of them was Sabay Lord of Goa His sonne was Hidalcam Thus Barrius Garcias ab Horto writes That the Mogors had possessed the Kingdome of Delly but a certaine Bengalan rebelling against his Master slue him vsurped his State and by force of warre added this of Canara also to his Dominion he was called Xaholam This King made his sisters sonne his Successor who was much addicted to Forreiners He diuided his Kingdome into twelue parts or Prouinces ouer which he set so many Captaines Idalcam from Angidaua to Cifarda from thence to Negatona Nizamaluco Ouer Balaguate or the vp-hill Countrey for Bala in the Persian language signifieth The toppe and Guate a Hill Imadmaluco and Catalmaluco and Verido c. These all rebelled and captiued Daquem their King at Beder the chiefe Citie of Decan and shared his Kingdome amongst themselues and some Gentiles partners in the conspiracie They were all forreiners but Nizamaluco This and the other names before mentioned were Titles of Honour giuen them with their Offices by the King corrupted by the vulgar in pronouncing Idalcam is Adel-ham Adel in the Persian language signifieth Iustice Ham is the Tartarian appellation signifying a Prince or King which name might well

of Iucatan Their Houses Temples apparell and trade of Marchandize all one their houses somewhere couered with Reeds and where Quarries were with Slate many houses had Marble pillars They found Ancient Towres there and the ruines of such as had been broken downe and destroyed there was one whereto they ascended by eighteene steps or staires The Gouernour whom they supposed to be a Priest conducted them to the Towre in the top whereof they erected a Spanish Banner and called also the Island Santa Cruce In the Towre they found chambers wherein were marble Images and some of Earth in the similitude of Beares These they inuoked with loude singing all in one tune and sacrificed vnto them with fumes and sweet Odours worshipping them as their Houshold Gods There they performed their diuine ceremonies and adoration they were also circumcised Gomara saith That heere and at Xiculanco the Diuell vsed to appeare visibly and that these two were great in estimation for holinesse euery Citie had their Temple or Altar where they worshipped their Idols amongst which were many Crosses of Wood and Brasse whereby some conceiue that some Spaniards had recourse hither when Roderigo was defeated and Spaine ouer-runne by the Saracens In both these places they sacrificed men which Cortes perswaded them to cease The Temple in Cosumil or Acusamil was built like a square Towre broad at the foot with steps round about and from the middest vpward were strait the top was hollow and couered with straw it had foure windowes and Porches In the hollow place was their Chappell where stood their Idols In a Temple by the Sea-side was an vncouth Idoll great and hollow fastened in the wall with lime it was made of Earth Behinde this Idols back was the Vestry where the ornaments of the Temple were kept The Priests had a litle secret doore hard adioyning to the Image by which they crept into his hollow panch and thence answered the people that came thither with Prayers and Petitions making the simple people beleeue it was the voyce of the god which therefore they honoured more then any other with many perfumes and sweet smels They offered Bread Fruit Quailes bloud and of other Birds Dogs and sometimes Men. The fame of this Idoll and Oracle brought many Pilgrimes to Acusamil from many places At the foot of this Temple was a plot like a Church-yard well walled and garnished with Pinnacles in the middest whereof stood a Crosse of tenne foot long which they adored for the god of raine At all times when they wanted raine they would goe thither on Procession deuoutly and offered to the Crosse Quailes sacrificed no Sacrifice being so acceptable They burnt sweet Gumme to perfume him with besprinkling the same with water and by this meanes they thought to obtaine raine They could neuer know saith Gomara how that the God of the Crosse came amongst them for in all those parts of India there is no memory of any preaching of the Gospell that had beene at any time What others thinke and what some Indians answered concerning it is said before Benzo writeth That they did not eat the flesh of those men which they sacrificed and that they wre first subdued by Francis Montegius whose cruelties were such that Alquinotep a Cacique or Indian Lord aboue an hundred and ten yeeres old and a Christian told him That when he was a yong man there was a sicknesse of wormes that they thought all would haue dyed they were not onely eiected by vomite but did eate out themselues a passage thorow mens bodies and not long before the Spaniards arriuall they had two battels with the Mexicans in which an hundred and fiftie thousand men perished But all this was light in respect of that Spanish burthen Guatimala commeth next to our consideration a Prouince of pleasant Ayre and fertile soyle where groweth abundance of their Cacao which is a fruit that serueth the Indians for meat drinke and money The Citie which beareth the same name was first at the foot of a Vulcano or Hill which casteth fire but because in the yeere 1542. on the sixe and twentieth day of December a Lake hidden in the bowels of that Hill brake forth in many places and with a terrible violence ruined the most part of the Citie it was remoued two miles thence together with the Episcopall Sea and the Kings Councell But in the yeere 1581. there issued from another Vulcan two miles off or somewhat more such an eruption of fire as threatned to consume euery thing The day following followed such a showre of Ashes that is filled the Valley and almost buried the Citie And yet were not all the throwes passed of this Hils monstrous trauels but the yeere after for the space of foure twenty houres thence issued a streame of fire that dranke vp fiue streames of water burned the stones and Rockes rent the Ayre with thunders and made it a wauing and mouing Sea of fire Before that first eruption of waters some Indians came and told the Bishop that they had heard an vncredible noyse and murmuring at the foot of the Hill but he reproued them saying they should not trouble themselues with vaine and superstitious feares about two of the clocke in the night following happened that deluge which carried away many houses and whatsoeuer stood in the way in which 520. Spaniards perished and scarce any mention of the houses remained It is worthy recitall which Benzo and Gomara haue recorded that Peter Aluarado the Gouernour who by licence of the Pope had married two sisters the Ladie Frances and the Ladie Beatrice della Culna hauing perished by a mischance his wife not onely painted her house with Sorrowes blacke Liuerie and abstained from meat and sleeps but in a mad impietie said God could now doe her no greater euill Yet for all this her sorrow shee caused the Citizens to be sworne vnto her Gouernment a new thing in the Indies Soone after this inundation hapned which first of all assailed the Gouernours house and caused this impotent and impatient Ladie now to bethinke her of a deuotion and betake her to her Chappell with eleuen of her Maids where leaping on the Altar and clasping about an Image the force of the water ruined the Chappell whereas if she had stayed in her bed-chamber she had escaped death They tell of vncouth noysts and hideous apparition which then were seene Benzo obserued by his owne experience that this Country is much subiect to Earth-quakes The Guatimalans in manner of life resemble the Mexicans and Nicaraguans Fondura or Hondura is next to Guatimala wherein were saith Benzo at the Spaniards first comming thither foure hundred thousand Indians but when I was there scarcely eight thousand were left the rest being slaine or sold or consumed by the Mines and those which are left both heere and in other places place their habitation as farre as they can where the Spaniard shall be no eye-sore

are dishonoured Their Husbands suffer them to lye with others in some Feasts of the yeare He that forceth a Virgin is a slaue or payeth her dowrie if a Slaue doe it with his Masters Daughter they are both buried quicke They haue common Brothels A Thiefe hath his haire cut off and is made the Slaue from whom he hath stolne vntill he hath made satisfaction which if he deferre long he is sacrificed They had no punishment for him which should kill a Cacique for they said such a thing could not happen §. III. Of the strange creatures in these parts of NOMBRE DE DIOS and the Spanish mysteries at their first Plantation THe riches of Nicaragua consisteth much in a great Lake three hundred miles long and being within twelue miles of the South Sea doth disembogue it selfe in the North-Sea a great way off In this Lake of Nicaragua are many and great fishes One strange kinde is that which the Inhabitants of Hispaniola call Manati as for the Inhabitants of the place the Spanish iniuries haue chased them thence This Fish somewhat resembleth the Otter it is fiue and twenty foot long twelue thicke the head and tayle like a Cow with small eyes his backe hard and hairy he hath onely two feet at the shoulders and those like an Elephants The females bring forth yong and nourish them with the Vdder like a Cow I haue seene and eaten of them saith Benzo the taste is like Swines flesh they eate Grasse There was a King in Hispaniola which put one of them being presented him by his Fishermen into a Lake of standing-waters where it liued fiue and twenty yeares when any of the seruants came to the Lake and called Matto Matto she would come and receiue meat at their hands and if any would bee ferried ouer the Lake she willingly yeelded her backe and performed this Office faithfully yea she hath carrien ten men at once singing or playing A Spaniard had once wronged her by casting a dart at her and therefore after that when she was called she would plunge downe againe otherwise to the Indians shee remained officious Shee would be as full of play as a Monkey and would wrastle with them especially shee was addicted to one yong man which vsed to her This proceded partly from her docible nature partly because being taken yong she was kept vp a while at home in the Kings house with bread This Fish liueth both on Land and Water The Riuer swelling ouer his Banks into the Lake this Fish followed the streame and was seene no more There was another strange creature in Nicaragua they call it Cascuij like a blacke Hogge with small eyes wide eares clouen feet a short trunke or snowt like an Elephant of so lowd a braying that he would make men deafe Anoth there is with a naturall purse vnder her belly wherein she putteth her yong it hath the bodie of a Fox handed and footed like a Monkey The Bats in these parts are terrible for biting The Inhabitants neere the Riuer Suerus are not differing from the rest but that they eate not mans flesh Next is that necke or narrow extent of Land stretching betweene the North and South-Seas and as it were knitting the two great Peninsul's of the North and South America together Nombre de Dios signifieth the name of God occasioned by the words of Didacus Niquesa who after disastrous aduentures elsewhere came hither and here bade his men goe on shore in the name of God whereupon the Colony and Plantation there was so called It hath a bad situation and small habitation Baptista Antonio the King of Spaines Surueyour counselled to bring Nombre de Dios to Puerto Bello It was remoued from the former seat in the yeare of our Lord 1584. Sir Thomas Baskeruile burnt it and went from thence with his Armie towards Panama in the yeare 1595. Darien was called Antiqua Dartenis because Ancisus vowed to our Lady at Siuill called Maria Antuqua if she would helpe him in those Indian Conquests hee would turne the Caciques house into a Temple there he planted a Colony It would be tedious to tell of the sturres and ciuill vnciuill brawles betwixt the Spaniards in these parts Vasques Valboa imprisoned Ancisus and after recouered his credit by discouerie of the South-Sea For whiles the Spaniards contented about the weight and sharing of their Gold which a Cacique had giuen them this Cacique being present hurled downe the Gold not a little maruelling as he said that they would so much contend for that as if they could eate or drinke it But if they liked it so well hee would carry them where their Golden-thirst should be satisfied He was deceiued in the nature of that dropsie-thirst which as a fire quenched with oyle receiues thence greater strength but hee deceiued not them in his promise bringing them to the South-Sea where Valboa named one Prouince Golden Castile And for that which he spake of their strife as if they could eate or drinke those Metals the cruelties of the Spaniards were such as the Indians when they got any of them would bind their hands and feet and laying them on their backs would powre Gold into their mouthes saying in insultation Eat Gold Christian This Valboa was put to death by Arias his Father-in-law But now we haue mentioned the first Spaniards which planted these parts it shall not be amisse to mention some hardships the Spaniards sustained before they could here settle themselues which may be an answere to those nice and delicate conceits that in our Virginian Expedition cast off all hope because of some disasters How the Spaniards dealt one with another and how the Indians dealt with them you haue heard worse hath not followed from any turbulent emulous spirit of our owne or hostile of the Virginian in this Plantation And as for famine Nicuesa's men were so pinched that not to speake of those which perished one sold an old leane mangie Dogge to his fellowes for many Castellans of Gold these flayed the Dogge and cast his mangie skin with the bones of the head among the bushes The day following one of them finds it full of Maggots and stinking but famine had neither eyes nor scent he brought it home sod and ate it and found many Customers which gaue a Castellan a dish for that mangie Broth. Another found two Toads and sod them which a sicke man bought for two fine shirts curiously wrought with Gold Others found a dead man rotten and stinking which putrified carkasse they roasted and ate And thus from seuen hundred and seuenty men they were brought so low that scarce forty shadowes of men remained to inhabite Dariena Much like to this was their successe at the Riuer of Plate in Florida and other places of the West-Indies What Iohn Oxenam Sir Francis Drake Master Christopher Newport and other our Worthy Country-men haue atchieued in these parts against the Spaniards Master Hakluyt in his

against those Colds the one as is said alwayes in manner naked the other alwayes clothed out-brauing the Winters violence in their Summer-like Greene Liuery seeming to stoope vnder the burthen of continuall Frosts and Snowes and in a naturall wisdome clothe themselues and hold their leaues the surer Those Giantly men about Port Desire when they die are brought to the Cliffes and there buried with their Bowes Arrowes Darts and all their almost no substance Master Kniuet writeth that he saw footings at Port Desire as bigge as foure of ours and two men newly buried one of which was fourteene spans long He also saw one in Brasil taken by Alonso Dias a Spaniard being by foule weather driuen out of Saint Iulians which was a yong man and yet aboue thirteene spans high They goe naked and are faire and well proportioned At Port Famine in the Straits He saith they saw some dwarfish Sauages not aboue fiue or six spans high which were thicke and strong with wide-mouthes almost to the eares they eate their meat a little scorched besmearing their faces and brests with the bloud running out of their mouthes they lay young feathers to this bloud which glues them to their bodies Foure or fiue thousand traded with them at the Poles end The cold is so extreme that Henry Barwell became bald therewith so continuing a yeere or two One Harris a Goldsmith blowing his frozen nose cast it with his fingers into the fire and our Author himselfe going on shore and returning wet on his feet the next morning pulled off his toes together with his stockins from his benummed feete which were as blacke as foote without feeling and were after cured with words or charmes Euery day some died of cold They saw there a kind of beast bigger then a Horse with eares aboue a span long and a taile like a Cow called Tapetyweson he saw the like in Manicongo The Sauages about the Straits feed as both the same Author and the Hollanders report on raw flesh and other filthy food and are Man-eaters §. III. Of the Magellan Straits IT is no small credit to our Nation and Nauigation that these Straits haue more enlarged themselues and giuen oftner and freer passage to vs then to any other Drake swamme thorow Winter both passed and returned and so did Carder in the Pinnasse as before is said Candish passed but returned as Drake had done about the World in his circuit The Delight of Bristoll entred them and with small delight spent sixe weekes in them and Captaine Dauies companion of Master Candish in his last Voyage three times entred the South Sea which three times forced him backe into the embracing armes of the vntrustie Straits Some others haue attempted but not attained them as Fenton and Ward and the Voyage set forth in the yeere of our Lord 1586. by the Earle of Cumberland The Land on Larbord side saith Sir Richard Hawkins is without doubt Ilands low sandy broken on Starbord is very mountaynous the lower Mountaynes whereof although they be for their height wonderfull yet as we haue said of the differing statures of the men they haue more Giantly ouer-lookers with Snowie lockes and Cloudy lookes betweene them may be numbred three Regions of Clouds These Straits are fourescore and ten leagues thorow of vnequall breadth in the narrowest place a league ouer The mouth is in two and fifty degrees and an halfe or as Sir Richard Hawkins obserued in 52. degrees 50. minutes His company killed a thousand Penguins a day this is a Fowle like a Goose hauing no feathers on their bodies but downe it cannot flye but will runne as fast as most men feeds on fish and grasse and harbours in Berries Seales are many in these parts which will fall dead with a blow on the snout some affirme the same of the Crocodile otherwise not easily pierced with a Sword or fearing a Musket-shot He saith they are like Lions that they sleepe on Land and haue euer one to watch which is also reported of the Morse Hee addeth of the Canoes of the Sauages there that they are made artificially of the rindes of Trees sowed together with the finnes of Whales sharpe at both ends and turning vp When these Straits were first discouered they named them the Strait of Victorie because the ship called the Victorie first descried them a name fitly ascribed both to the Straits and Ship the one first obtayning the Marine victory encompassing the compasse of the earth the other still remayning the onely knowne passage whereby that Sea-victory can bee atchieued But the name soone passed from the Ship to the Generall of whom still it is called the Strait of Magaglianes or Magellan The Voyage of Sir Francis Drake so vexed the Spaniard that hee sent Pedro Sarmiento to inhabit there that he might prohibit other Nations to passe that way but Tempest and Famine hating the Spanish insolence whose ambitious designes alway aimed at a Plus vltra brought them to a Plus vltra indeed further then euer they had designed diuers of the ships which at first were three and twentie with three thousand and fiue hundred men perishing in the deuouring iawes of the Ocean and others in their selfe deuouring mawes of Hunger which eate them vp with not eating The Name of Iesus and Philips Citie were their two newly erected Colonies peopled with foure hundred men and thirty women which by famine were brought to three and twenty persons when Master Candish tooke Hernando one of that company in his prosperous Voyage another who had maintained himselfe by his Peece and liued in a house alone a long time was taken by the Delight of B●i●toll two yeeres after The English gaue a name fitting to this distressed Citie calling it Port Pamine The last Voyage of Master Candish proued vnfortunate both in the losse of himselfe and many men the blacke Pinnasse was lost in the South Sea the Desire returned but lost diuers of her men surprised as was thought and deuoured by the Sauages neere to Port Desire The Sauages heere presented themselues throwing dust in the Aire leaping c. and either had Vizards on their faces like Dogges faces or else their faces were Dogges faces indeed I haue seene a Copie of a Discourse written by Master Candish himselfe to Sir Tristram-Gorges whom he made sole Executor of his last Will where he thus affirmeth The running away of the Villaine Dauis was the death of me and decay of the whole action and his onely trecherie in running from me the vtter ruine of all Hee complaines also of mutinies and that by South-west and West South-west winds he was driuen from shore foure hundred leagues and from fifty to forty degrees that he was taken with Winter and stormes in the Straits and such Frosts and Snowes in May as he neuer saw the like so that in seuen or eight dayes forty dyed and seuenty sickened Dauies in the Desire and

where I with others saw him and he espying me called vpon Christ They threw him into a Dungeon where hee miserably ended his life He had liued in pompe and beene Authour of much mischiefe had conuayed much treasure out of the Countrey by way of England to Wesell in Westphalia where hee was borne though brought vp in Cambridge an Enemy alway to our Nation Hee had deluded the Emperour with tales of Queene Elizabeths youth and hopes by his Calculations of obtayning her But the Emperour out of hope hereof heard that there was a young Lady of the bloud Royall the Lady Mary Hastings daughter to the Earle of Huntington whom he now affected The Bishop of Nouogrod was condemned of coyning and sending money to Swethen and Poland of keeping Witches buggering Boyes and Beasts confederating with Bomelius c. All his goods were confiscated and himselfe throwne into a Dungeon with Irons on his head and legges where he made painted Images Combes and Beads liued with bread and water Eleuen of his confederate Seruants were hanged in his Palace gate at Mosco and his women Witches shamefully dismembred and burnt The Emperour passed ouer those which had beene accused and now consulted about marrying his second Sonne Chariwich Theodor being of great simplicitie the eldest hauing no issue But hauing his Prelates and Nobles together could not but euaporate some of his conceits from the former confessions of their Treasons being Ascension day on which before Musco had beene burned He spent some houres in Rhetoricall enlarging the dismalnesse of that day with great eloquence darting still with his eye at many Confederates in the late Conspiracie protesting to leaue them a naked disloyall and distressed people and a reproch to all Nations of the World The Enemies are at hand God and his prodigious creatures in the Heauens fight against vs Scarcity and Famine witnesse it and yet no Iudgements moue remorse in you The Originall is too long to recite Little was done but all prostrating themselues to his Maiesty and mercy desired God to blesse his holy purpose for the marriage of his Sonne for whom he chose Irenia daughter of Theodor Iuanowich Godonoue and after the solemnization of the marriage with great Feast dismissed the Nobles and Prelates with better words and countenance which was taken for a reconciliation But the Nuptials could not be performed by vsuall cohabitation which much distempered the King it is not decent to write the courses taken therein The Emperous Letters Instructions were ready himselfe his chiefe Secretarie Sauelly Frowlow whiles I was present closed them vp in one of the false sides of a woodden Bottle filled with Aquanitae to hang vnder my Horse-mayne not worth one penny appointed me foure hundred Hungarian Duckets in Gold to be sowed in my boots and quilted in some of my worst garments He said he forbare to tell me of some secrets of his peasure fearing left I passing thorow his Enemies Country might bee inforced to discouer what hee would not haue knowne The Bottle you carry with you shall declare what you shall say to Queene Elizabeth my louing Sister of which you must haue care as of your life vntill you come in safe place to open it In meane while and alway bee thou my sweet Sunshine Eremiska trusty and faithfull and thy reward shall be my goodnesse and grace from me hereafter I fell prostrate layd my head on his foot with a heauy heart to bee thus exposed to vnauoydable danger Doeafie Vlanon a Gentleman of good ranke and daily Wayter on the King attended me my Sled and Horse and twenty Seruants were ready at the posterne gate I posted that night to Otuer ninety miles where victuals and fresh Horses were prepared and so to Nouogrod and Plesco 600. miles in three dayes where entring into Liuonia my Gentleman and Seruants tooke their leaues and desired some token to the Emperour of my safe comming thither They left me with a poore guide only Within three houres after the Centinell tooke me vpon the borders and brought me to New house into the Castle before the State-holder or Lieutenant who straitly examined and searched me suspecting me as one comming from their enemies Country I said I was glad to come into their hands out of the vaile of misery the Moscouites Country not without losse On the third day vpon some mediation they appointed mee a Guide and suffered mee to passe The Guard expected gratuitie but I excused as pinched by the Russe I passed three dayes by Land and frozen Meares to Ossell in Liefland an Iland large and spacious vnder the King of Denmarke Raggamuffin Souldiers tooke me and vsed me roughly and carried me to Sowen Burgh and so to Orent Burgh the chiefe Townes and Castles in those parts and there deliuered me to the State-holders Lieutenant I attended his pleasure kept hardly as a Spie the Snakes creeping in my Lodging on Bed and board and Milke pans the soyle was such they did no harme I was called before the chiefe Gouernour a graue Gentleman in good fauour with the King many Halberds attending who examined me with many questions I answered I was a Subiect of the Queene of England who had peace with all Christian Kings specially with the King of Denmarke but was committed againe to custody whence hauing dismissed his company he sent for me againe by his Sonne and being priuate holding a Letter in his hand said I haue receiued sundry Letters from my friends and one of late from my daughter captiue in Mosco which sheweth of much friendship shee hath found at an English Gentlemans hand which negociates in that Court for the Queen of England My Lord said I is your daughter called Magdalen Vrkil yea Sir said he I answered I was the man that within these ten dayes she was well He sayd he could not procure her ransome and clasps me about the neck crying as did his Sonne likewise Gods Angell hath brought your goodnesse thus to me how euer disguised in this turbulent time that I might render you thankes and furtherance I desired free passe and safe conduct He feasted me ioyfully and made ready his Letters and Pasports to Captaines of Townes and Castles gaue mee a faire German striking Clocke offered his Sonne and Seruants armed to guard me out of danger which I could not accept of and commended his daughter to me I passed on to Pilton a strong Castle where King Magnus lay who vsed mee roughly because I could not drinke with him excessiuely Hee had riotously spent and giuen most of his Townes and Castles Iewels Plate c. to his followers and adopted daughters which hee receiued in Dowre with the Emperours Neece and not long after dyed miserably leauing his Queene and only daughter in very poore estate I roade thorow the Duke of Curlands Country and Prussia to Konninsburgh Meluin and Danzike in Polond Pomerania and Mickelburgh to Lubeck where I was

description Iames Hall his 4. voyage to Groenland This Gronland is Westward from Greenland 150 leagues In Greenland are no people nor wood a This Voyage was written by Iosias Hubert b Written by Will Baffin Allen. Sallowes of Redriffe told me Hall was slaine in 76. degrees c One of these Boats with the Oare is in Sir Thomas Smiths Hall in Philpot Lade d Dauis mentions the same voy 2. Io. Knight e Lambert Ap● Sr H. Willoughby f L. ●4 c. 17. Nauig 3. Ger. de Vetr This is also the effect of Charcole wherewith in close roomes diuers haue beene smothered b M. Scory told me that on the Pike of Tenariffe they might see the Sun an houre sooner by this meanes Ex M.S.W. Baffin In my Pilgrims I haue published many Voyages and letters of Greenland written by Ionas Pooley Rob. Fotherby Tho. Edge Will. Hely Robert Salmon Thomas Sherwin Iames Beuersham Io. Chambers I. Catcher W. Goodlard c. Also to Cherry Iland in 74. by Ionas Pooley Will. Garden c. and to other Northerne parts by Hudson Playse Widhouse c. to which I referre the more industrious Reader a He communicated to me Hudsons abstract Th. Wid. house Abacuk Prickes of this voyage Sir Tho. Smith b A. Io. Crymogea Hudsons wintering A strange tree These were the worst or weakest of the Company A floud from the West a very proble argument of an open passage to the South Sea And so are their weapons and arts being farre beyond other Sauages See his Relation of the third part of my Pilgrims with others many for these parts a Such they vse in Iaua Sir Th. Button is very confident of a passage by the North West into the South sea as appeares by his Relations in the end of rhe fourth Booke of the third part of my Pilgrims Where also Mr Brigs his Map the letters of Mr Lock and Iuan de Fuca the testimonie of Th. Cowles c. further proue the same b This was after found otherwise the error growing by his meeting of Bylet and asking of the floud at this Iland which hee said was eight of the clock whereas it was about eleuen Baffin c Ex Relat. W. Baff 1615. * At this I le are store of fowles called Willockes whereof they might haue killed thousands 1616. Sir T. Smith Sir D. Digs M. Wostenholme Ald. Iones c. a W. Baffin Womens Ilands Strange Variation of the Compasse y As borderers are most vnruly and lawlesse so in these out-borders of the World the power of Natures greatest Officers the Sun c. is least seene z These things agree with the Relations of those parts which tell of Earthquakes breaking of Cliffes c. Boterus a zealous and slanderous Catholike vseth these disgracefull speeches of this discouery Ma pare che la Natura si fia opposta à gli heretici e à dissegni loro pare 1 lib. 5. a The Northerne Seas may be called frozen in respect of the Icie Ilands which by their freshnesse manifest themselues to proceed of fresh waters no experience yet shewing nor reason conuincing that the ocean alway salt and mouing is any where frozen as my Learned Friend M. Brigs a great Mathematician also affirmeth and Merula Cos l. 3. c. 5. b Edw. Haies Hak. to 3. 9. 152. c Gi. Bot. Ben. d Iaq. Cart. l. 2. c. 11. e Other say 200. f Rob. Thorne in M. Hakluyts voiages ● ● p. 21. 9 g M. Hall M. Grafton h M. Hore 1530 Hak. to 3. p. 129. i A Parkhurst Edw. Hares Sir G. Peckham Step. Parmenius Richard Clarke Christoph Carlile k Concep Bay in 48. M Guy his Letter to M. Slany l W. Colston a Thom. Iamed The Morses are said to sleepe in great troupes and to haue one Centinel or watchman to awake the rest vpon occasion the like is said of the Seales some call the Morse a Sea-horse b Charles Leigh c Iaques Cart. 5. d In an houre they might haue filled thirty Boats of Penguines might haue laden all their ships with them without any misse Siluest Wyet f Botero part ● lib. 5. g Iaq. Cart. ● h Iaq. Cart. 2. i He wintered this time in the Country k Iaq Cart. 3. l Iaq. Cart. 2. cap. 10. m M. Francis Roberual n Iohn Alphonse of Xanctoigne Hak. tom 3. Mouns Champlein b The Irocois with whom these Estechemins Algoumequins and Montainers have warres c Beades Their customs d M. Champlein e The answere of a Sagamos in cases of Religion f This somewhat agreeth with the Manichean and Pythagorean errour M. de Monts Saualets two and forty voyages to Noua Francia Armouchiquois M. du Point * Marke L'scarbot Souriquois Aoutmoins * Sagamos signifieth a King or Ruler Their beasts and huntings a S. Champlain Additions to N F. The Iroquois Ol Mag. lib. 16. cap. 51. An. 1497. a Hak. voyage tem 3. p. 246. d. Gaspar Ens. hist Ind. Oc. l. 3. c. 23. Theod. de Bry. b Briefe note of a Barke c. printed 1602. c Ioh. Brereton Gabriel Archer wrote notes thereof M. Gosnold himselfe in a Letter to his Father they resided in 41. deg. 20. minutes d Written by Martin Pring Written by Tho. Canner e Iames Rosier f Their Parents prescribe that they plant not within 100 miles of each other containe from 30. deg. to 45. g The Sauages reckon thus by dayes iourney h Christopher Fortescue i Tho. Hanham M. Chalenge made a voiage hitherward the same yeere but was taken by the Spaniards i Tho. Hanham M. Chalenge made a voyage hitherward the same yeere but was taken by the Spaniards k Iames Dauies l Io. Eliot G. Pop. Let. to S. I. Gilbert and E. S. m Ral. Gilbert n These seems to be the deformed Armouchiquois made in the telling more dreadfull o Edward Hartley p Other notes ap Hak. q See the examination of D. Baker and others of his company They tooke one prize worth 200000. crownes which was after split the Captaine and halfe his company drowned Richard Pots Tho. Studley c. a M. Wingfield writes that one Read a Smith escaped hanging by accusing Kendall who was shot to death and that Smith and he had followed if Newport had not come b Ed. Wingfield Newp iourney to Powhatan he told him of the S. seas and ships c. c Tho. Sauage he adopted also Smith and Scriuener Newports sonnes his grand-children Disc of Chesap See Pots his collections c. 6. a New life of Virginia b Ex lit multarum c A Catch perished at Sea in a Hericano the other came thither but in the returne two of them in one of which Capt. W. King was Master perished on Vshant d Ratliffe Martin Archer e Lord de la Ware f Nat. Com. Mytholog l. 4. c. 6. Hygin fab 142. c Relation to the Councell of Virginia by the Lord de la Ware 1611. d Sir Th. Dales Letter to the Committies