desiring both to honour her and please himselfe with her presence conuited all noble Ladies to behold a triumph at London to be there performed by the Nobles and Gentlemen of his Court This intention his Maiestie did command to be proclaimed in Fraunce Henault Flanders Brabant and other places giuing Passeport and secure abode to all noble strangers that would resort into England That done he sent vnto al Princes Lords and Esquiers of the Realme requiring that they with their wiues daughters and cosins should at the day appointed appeare at his Court. To this feast came William Earle of Henault and Iohn his brother with many Barons and Gentlemen The triumph continued 15. dayes and euery thing succeeded well had not Iohn the sonne and heire of Vicount Beaumount bene there slaine In this triumph also appeared the Earle of Lancaster and Henry his son The Earle of Darby The Lord Robert of Artoys The Erle of Richmount The Earle of Northampton The Earle of Glocester The Earle of Warwicke The Earle of Salisbury The Earle of Pembroke The Earle of Hartford The Earle of Arundel The Earle of Cornewall The Earle of Norffolke The Earle of Suffolke The Baron of Stafford with others In the raigne of the same King Edward a Royall Iust was holden at Lincolnâ— by the Duke of Lancaster where were present certaine Ambassadors sent by the King of Spaine for the Lady Ioane daughter to the King who should haue bene married vnto that King of Spaine but meeting her on the way she died A triumph was holden at Windsor before the same King Edward whereat was present Dauid King of Scots the Lord of Tankeruile and the Lord Charles de Valoys who by the Kings license was permitted to runne and had the prize Anno 1349. In Smithfield were solemne Iusts in the same Kings raigne where was present a great part of the most valiant Knights of England and France Thither came also noble persons of other Nations and Spaniards Cipriots Armenians who at that time humbly desired aide against Pagans An. 1361. A triumph before King Edward the fourth IVsts were againe holden in Smithfield where Anthony Wooduile Lord Scales did runne against the Bastard of Burgundie Anno 1444. A triumph before King Henry the sixt ONe other notable Action of Armes was personally performed in Smithfield betweene a Gentleman of Spaine called Sir Francis le Arogonoys and Sir Iohn Astley Knight of the Garter For after the said Sir Francis had wonne the honour from all the men at Armes in France he came into England and made a generall challenge but by the great valour of Sir Iohn Astley lost the same vnto him Triumphs before King Henry the seuenth AT Richmont was holden a solemne triumph which continued a whole moneth where Sir Iames Parker running against Hugh Vaughan was hurt and died 1494. One other triumph was in the same Kings daies performed in the Tower of London Anno 1502. Triumphs before King Henry the eight BVt farre exceeding all these was that magnificent Iust and Tournament at the meeting of the two excellent Princes King Henry the eight of England and Francis the French King who chusing vnto them fourteen others did challenge to run at the Tilt and fight both at the Tourney and Barrier with all commers The Challengers were the King of England the French King the Duke of Suffolke the Marquesse Dorset Sir William Kingston Sir Richard Ierningham Master Nicholas Carew and Master Anthonie Kneuet with their Assistants Sir Rowland and Sir Giles Capel with these were so many other French Gentlemen as made vp the number aforesaid For Defenders thither came Mounsieur Vandosme the Earle of Deâ—onshire and the Lord Edmond Howard euery of them bringing in a faire band of Knights well armed This most noble challenge of these two mighty Kings accompanied with fourteene other Knights of either nation seuen they caused to bee proclaimed by Norrey King at Armes in England France and Germanie Anno 12 Henrici 8. One other most memorable Challenge was made by the same King who in his owne royall person with William Earle of Deuonshire Sir Thomas Kneuet and Edward Neuel Esquire answered all commers at Westminster The King called himselfe Caeur Loyal the Lord William Bon Voloir Sir Thomas Kneuet Valiant desire and Edward Neuil Ioyâ—us Pensier The Defenders were THe Lord Gray Sir William a Parr Robert Morton Richard Blunt Thomas Cheyney Thomas Terrel Christopher Willoughby the Lord Howard Charles Brandon the Lord Marquesse Henrie Guilford the Earle of Wiltshirâ— Sir Thomas Bullin Thomas Lucie the Lord Leonard the Lord Iohn Iohn Melton Griffith Doon Edmond Howard Richard Tempest After this Challenge was ended the prize appointed for the Challengers partie was giuen vnto Caeur Loyal and among the Defenders to Edmond Howard Another solemne Challenge was proclaimed and perfourmed by certaine English Knights viz. Sir Iohn Dudley Sir Thomas Seimor Sir Francis Poynings Sir George Carew Anthony Kingston and Richard Cromwel Anno 1540. Another action of Armes published in the Chamber of Presence at VVestminster by a King of Armes 25. of Nouember in the 1. and 2. of P. and M. FOrasmuch as euer it hath bene a custome that to the Courts of Kings and great Princes Knights and Gentlemen of diuers Nations haue made their repaire for the triall of Knighthood and exercise of Armes And knowing this Royall Court of England to bee replenished with as many noble Knights as any kingdome in the world at this day It seemeth good to Don Fredericke de Toledo the Lord Strange Don Ferdinando de Toledo Don Francisco de Mendoca and Garsulace de la Vega That seeing here in this place better then in any other they may shew the great desire that they haue to serue their Ladies by the honorable aduentures of their persons They say that they will maintaine a fight on foot at the Barriers with footmens harnesse three pushes with a pike seuen strokes with a sword in the place appointed before the Court gate on Tuesday the 4. day of December from the twelfth houre of the day vntill fiue at night against all commers Praying the Lords the Earle of Arundell the Lord Clinton Gartilapez de Padilla and Don Pedro de Cordoua that they would be Iudges of this Triumph for the better performance of the conditions following First that he which commeth forth most gallantly without wearing on himselfe or furniture any golde or siluer fine or counterfeit wouen embroidered or of goldsmiths worke shall haue a rich Brooch He that striketh best with a Pike shall haue a Ring with a Rubie He that fighteth best with a Sword shall haue a Ring with a Diamond He that fighteth most valiantly when they ioyntly fight together shall haue a Ring with a Diamond He that giueth a stroke with a Pike from the girdle downeward or vnder the Barrier shall winne no prize Hee that shall haue a close gantlet or any thing to fasten his Sword to his hand shall winne no
daunger Hieramias with his right hand deliuered a sword vnto Iuda and in the name of God made him a Knight saying Receiue this sacred sword sent from God wherewith thou shalt vanquish the enemies of Israel It hath bene also a custome ancient that Princes did giue collars as a singular demontration of fauour and honour Plinie reporteth that the Romanes did giue vnto their confederates a collar of gold and to their owne citizens a collar of siluer When Manlius in single combat had slaine a French man hee tooke from him a collar of golde all bloodie and put the same about his owne necke in token of victorie After which time he was surnamed Torquatus because Torques in the Latine signifieth a collar or chaine The Emperours in like maner bestowed collars vpon Captaines and others that serued in the warre and deserued commendation In some Histories may be found that collars were of two sorts the first called Duplares th' other Simplices And with those collars the Emperours for the most part did giue prouision of money or vittaile to some more to some lesse For these reasons and by these examples it appeareth that among the ensignes and ornaments of Honor and Armes the great Collar is of highest reputation It is also seene that Princes soueraigne doe at this day bestow chaines or small collars vpon men of vertue or fauour and in token thereof for the most part a picture or modele of the giuer is thereat pendant which Collat the Knight or Gentleman that receiueth it ought carefully to keepe during his life The ancient custome was that Knights of meane degree and such as were not of the great Orders whereunto particular habits are assigned should in signe of honour weare a garment of scarlet because red representeth fire the most noble element and next vnto the Sunne of most brightnesse It was therefore among the olde Romanes decreed That no man should weare any habit of that colour but only Magistrates and men of dignity Red doeth also betoken boldnesse magnanimitie and ardent loue with charitie The element of fire is also assigned to Mars in respect whereof that colour is most proper to Knights Captaines and all other professours of Armes Carol D Howard Comâ— Notingham 〈…〉 CHAP. 9. Knights of the Garter EDward the third King of England after hee had obtained many great victories of Iohn the French King and Iames King of Scotland both prisoners in the Realme at one time Henry King of Castile the Bastard expulsed and Don Pedro restored by the Prince of Wales did first erect this order in his kingdome Anno 1350. vpon no waightie occasion as is reported Notwithstanding the same is and long hath bene in so great reputation as Emperors Kings and Princes haue and doe desire to bee companions thereof for their greater honour The patron of this Order is S. George vnto whom it was first dedicated The Soueraigne of this Order is the King of England his heires and successors for euer The number of this Colledge of fellowship is 26. Knights with the Soueraigne and when any of them die another is chosen by consent of those Knights that liue The habit of these Knights is an vnder garment or gowne of Crimsin veluet of some called akâ—rtle ouer which he weareth a mantle of Purple veluet lined with white sarsnet on the left shoulder thereof is embroidred in a Garter an Eschuchion of S George and ouer his right shoulder hangeth his hood of Crimson veluet lined with white the Cordons to the mantle are purple silke and gold Aboue all which about his necke he weareth the collar of the order being of pure gold made of garters and knots and enamiled with roses white and red weying 30. ounces of Troy weight with the image of S. George richly garnished with precious stones pendant thereat About his left legge he weareth buckled a garter enriched with gold pearle and stones whereupon these French words are embrodered HONY SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE Which may be thus Englished Shame be to him that euill thinketh The custome was long that these Knights did yeerely hold a feast at the Castle Windesor where the same King Edward founded a Church and gaue vnto certaine Priests and Prebends large stipends to serue there And he ordained also that thirteene poore aged and decayed Gentlemen by the name of poore Knights were there for euer to be maintained and kept inuested in gownes and mantles of cloth onely sutable with those of the Order to pray for the prosperity of the Soueraigne and his successors and all other Knights of the said noble Order It is not publiquely knowen what mooued the King to make this order but thus it is vulgarly reported that King Edward dauncing with the Queene and other Ladies of his Court hapned to take vp a blewe garter which fell from one of them and of some said from the Countesse of Salisburie of whom the King was then enamored which garter the King afterwards wore about his left legge for a fauour The Queene taking some offence thereat it was signified vnto the King by some of the Lords the cause of her displeasure at which he smiling sayd HONY SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE I will make of it yet it be long the most honourable Garter that euer was worne and thereupon instituted the order of the Garter Some rather thinke it was made to remunerate those Noble men and Knights that had best endeuoured and deserued in his most Royall and Martiall affaires of France Scotland and Spaine with all which Nations he then had warre and triumphed The Statutes of this great Order for that they are sufficiently knowen I here omit The names of the first Knights KIng EDWARD the third Soueraigne Edward Prince of VVales Henry Duke of Lancaster Thomas Earle of VVarwicke The Captaine of Bouche Ralph Earle of Stafford William de Mounteacute Earle of Sarisburie Roger Lord Mortimer Sir Iohn Lisle Sir Bartholomew Burgwash Sir Iohn Beauchampe Sir Iohn de Mohun Sir Hugh Courtney Sir Thomas Holland Sir Iohn Grey Sir Richard Fitzsymon Sir Miles Stapleton Sir Thomas Walle Sir Hugh VVrothesley Sir Neel Loring Sir Iohn Chandos Sir Iames de Audley Sir Otho Holland Sir Henry Eme. Sir Zanchet d'Abrigecourt Sir VVilliam Paganel The names of those Knights that are this present yeere 1602. of the same most noble Order ELIZABETH Queene of England Soueraigne Henry the fourth the French King Charles Howard Earle of Notingham Thomas Butler Earle of Ormond Thomas Sackuile Lord Buckhurst Gilbert Talbot Earle of Shrewsbury George Clifford Earle of Cumberland Henry Percye Earle of Northumberland Edward Somerset Earle of VVorcester Edmond Sheffeild Lord Sheffeild Thomas Howard Baron of VValden George Carey Baron of Hunsdon Charles Blount Lord Montioy Sir Henry Lea Master of her Mties Armorie Robert Ratcliffe Earle of Sussex Henry Brooke Lord Cobham Thomas Scrope Lord Scrope VVilliam Stanley Earle of Derby Thomas Cecil Lord Burleigh  The Officers appertaining at this
fell to the ground after the Combattants did enter into the Lists aswell from the Challenger as the Defender But all the rest appertained to the partie victorious whether he were Challenger or Defender The Barres Posts Railes and euery other part of the Lists were also the fees of the Marshall Certaine Combats granted by the Kings of England EDmund of the race of West Saxons fought in Combat with Canutus King of Denmark for the possession of the Crowne of England In which fight both the Princes being weary by consent parted the land betwixt them Anno 1016. Robert Mountfort accused Henry of Essex of treason affirming that hee in a iourney toward Wales neere vnto Colshill threw away the Kings Standerd saying the King was dead and turned backe those that went to the Kings succour Henry denied the accusation so as the matter was to bee tried by Combat The place appointed for fight was a little Isle neere vnto Reding In this Combat Henry was vaquished and fell downe dead and at the sute of friends license was obteined that his body might be buried by the Monks of Reding But it happened that the said Henry recouered and became a Monke in that Abbey Anno 1163. In the raigne of King Henry the second Henry duke of Hereford accused Thomas Mowbray duke of Norfolke of certaine words by him spoken as they rode betweene London and Braineford tending vnto the Kings dishonour Thomas duke of Norfolke denied to haue spoken any such word but Henry affirming his accusation the King granted the Combat to be performed at Couentry the seuenth of September 1398. Anno Rich. 2. but the combat was not performed for th' one and th' other party was banished the Realme A combat was fought at Westminster in the Kings presence betweene Iohn Ansley Knight and Thomas Catrington Esquier whom the said Knight had accused of treason for selling the castle of S. Sauiours which the Lord Chandos had builded in the Isle of Constantine in France In which combat the Knight was victorious Anno 1374. Rich. 2. A combat was granted vnto an Esquier borne in Nauar to fight with an English Esquier called Iohn Welsh whom the Nauarrois accused of Treason But the true cause of the Nauarrois his malice was that the said Welsh had dishonoured his wife as being vanquished he confessed The King gaue sentence he should be drawne and hanged Anno 1344. Rich. 2. A combat was fought betweene sir Richard Wooduile and one other Knight borne in Spaine After the thirde blow giuen the King stayed the fight Anno 1441. Henrici 6. A combat was granted vnto Iohn Viscount borne in Cypres and Thomas de la Marsh Bastard sonne vnto Philip King of France in the raigne of king Edward the third at Westminster CHAP. 18. Of Triumphs Ancient and Moderne TRiumphs haue bene commonly vsed at the Inauguration and Coronation of Emperors Kings and Princes at their Mariages Entry of cities Enteruiewes Progresses and Funerals Those pompous shewes were first inuented and practised by the Romanes whom dâ—uers other Princes haue imitated though hard it was and happily impossible for any Prince to equal them in magnificence Yet reade we may that Xerxes Darius and Alexander the great were Princes of marueilous puissance and for triumphs admirable Howsoeuer those matters were handled certein it is that albeit our Princes of Europe in respect of Christian religion doe in some sort contemne excesse of Mundane glory yet haue they euer liued royally and at occasions triumphed with princely honour and greatnes according to the measure of their Empires as shall hereafter appeare But first we haue thought good to speake of Romane Triumphs and briefly to touch in what order they triumphed for to report them at large were a labour almost infinite CHAP. 19. Of Triumphes and their originall VArro saith That Princes and great Captaines being returned to Rome with victory were allowed to passe with their armie through the citie vnto the Capitall singing Io. Triumphe Io. Triumphe The first inuentour of Triumphes was Liber Pater as Pliny saith Yet certaine it is and so by lawe prouided that no man should be admitted to Triumph vnlesse he had vanquished full fiue thousand enemies Cato and Martius Tribunes of the people by law also decreed that who so vntruely reported the enterprize he had done should incurre punishement Therefore entring into the citie euery Triumpher did first come before the Questors and deliuer his actions in writing and sweare they were true It was likewise by law prouided and by custome also obserued that only for recouery of dominion no man should bee permitted to triumph Which was the cause that neither Publius Scipio for the recouery of Spaine not Marcus Marcellus for taking of Syracusa were suffered to triumph The first that imitated Liber Pater in triumphing was Titus Tatius when he triumphed for victory of the Sabini yet was that no full triumph but as they called it Ouante because his victorie was not great and without blood For the same reason the crowne he ware was made of Myrtel which euer after was the crowne of all Captains that triumphed for victories of meane reputation In that age also it was vnlawfull for any man to triumph vnlesse he were a Dictator a Consull or a Praetor Therefore L. Lentulus being Proconful although he had performed great seruices in Spaine yet was he not admitted to enter Rome but Ouante Afterwards Scipio most instantly required to triumph hauing deserued great glory but till that time no man without office had triumphed Likewise C. Manlius by the base people elected the first Dictator by their commandement also without allowance of the Patritij did triumph And Gneus Pompeius a Gentleman Romaine before he was of age to be Consull triumphed twise Another law or custome there was that no Captaine might triumph vntill he had brough backe the armie and therewith also deliuered the country of his charge quiet into the hand of his successour For Lucius Manlius the Consull hauing effected great victories in Spaine was in the Hall of Bellona denied to triumph because the countrey where he commanded was not in peace as Liuie reporteth CHAP. 20. The maner of triumphing and the habits of the Triumpher in Rome THe Prince or Captaine that triumphed was euer drawen in a chariot as appeareth by the Arke Triumphall of Titus and Vespatian and likewise by that of L. Verus Antoninus made of marble yet extant in Rome This Arke was drawen by foure white horses Others vsed in their chariots white Buls or Elephants As Pompei triumphing of Affrica had in his chariot Elephants onely But Caesar surpassing all others in pompe was drawen by forty Elephants and in the day time conducted to the Capitoll with torches when he triumphed ouer the Galli Some writers haue said that the Emperour Aurelianus was drawen with foure Harts or Stags and being come to the Capitoll he caused them all to be slaine and sacrificed to Iupiter Optimus Maximus
King the Prince of D' Aufine the Earle of Sussex the Earle of Leicester the Count S. Aignon Mounsieur Chamuallon and Mounsieur Bacqueuile were Challengers The Defenders were THe Lord Thomas Howard Sir William Russell Mounsieur Brunis Mounsieur S. Vincent Sir Thomas Cecill Henry Gray Iohn Borough Lord Windsor Walter Windsor Le Boylere Le Cheualaier Ambrose Willoughbie Sir William Drury Thomas Radcliffe Lord Sheffeeld Robert Gray Rafe Lane George Carew Fulke Greuill William Knowles Francis Knowles Thomas Bedingfeild Thomas Kneuet Lord Darcy Anthonie Mildmay Rafe Stauerton Launcelot Bostock George Beeston William Worthington Thomas Kellaway Sir George Carey Rafe Bowes Henry Windsor Iohn Wotton George Goring Edward Moore George Gifford Thomas Borough Anthony Cooke Hercules Meutas Richard Skipwith Henrie Bronkard Iohn Parker Francis Darcy Iohn Tirrell They are not here placed according to their degrees but as they were called to fight and with such titles as they then had After these particular Triumphes we may not forget the ordinary exercises of Armes yeerely vsed in memory of the applause of her Maiesties Subiects at the day of her most happy ascension to the crowne of England In which Actions diuers chiefe Lords and Gentlemen of the Realme and some strangers also appeared though indeede the greatest number and in effect all were ordinary attendants vpon her Maiesties Court. CHAP. 54. The Originall occasions of the yeerely Triumphs in England HEre will we remember also and I hope without enuie so may that these annuall exercises in Armes solemnized the 17. day of Nouember were first begun and occasionaed by the right vertuous and honourable Sir Henry Lea Master of her Highnesse Armorie and now deseruingly Knight of the most noble Order who of his great zeale and earnest desire to eternize the glory of her Maiesties Court in the beginning of her happy reigne voluntarily vowed vnlesse infirmity age or other accident did impeach him during his life to present himselfe at the Tilt armed the day aforesayd yeerely there to performe in honor of her sacred Maiestie the promise he formerly made Whereupon the Lords and Gentlemen of the sayd Court incited by so worthy an example determined to continue that custome and not vnlike to the ancient Knighthood della Banda in Spaine haue euer since yerely assembled in Armes accordingly though true it is that the Author of that custome being now by age ouertaken in the 33. yeere of her Maiesties reigne resigned and recommended that office vnto the right noble George Earle of Cumberland The ceremonies of which assignation were publiquely performed in presence of her Maiestie her Ladies and Nobilitie also an infinite number of people beholding the same as followeth On the 17. day of Nouember Anno 1590. this honourable Gentleman together with the Earle of Cumberland hauing first performed their seruice in Armes presented themselues vnto her Highnesse at the foot of the staires vnder her Gallery window in the Tilt yard at Westminster where at that time her Maiestie did sit accompanied with the Vicount Turyn Ambassador of France many Ladies and the chiefest Nobilitie Her Maiesty beholding these armed Knights comming toward her did suddenly heare a musicke so sweete and secret as euery one thereat greatly marueiled And hearkening to that excellent melodie the earth as it were opening there appeared a Pauilion made of white Taffata containing eight score elles being in proportion like vnto the sacred Temple of the Virgins Vestall This Temple seemed to consist vpon pillars of Pourferry arched like vnto a Church within it were many Lampes burning Also on the one side there stood an Altar couered with cloth of gold and thereupon two waxe candles burning in rich candlesticks vpon the Altar also were layd certaine Princely presents which after by three Virgins were presented vnto her Maiestie Before the doore of this Temple stood a crowned Pillar embraced by an Eglantine tree whereon there hanged a Table and therein written with letters of gold this prayer following Elizae c. PIae Potenti Foelicissimae virgini Fidei Pacis Nobilitatis vindici Cui Deus Astra Virtus Summa deuouerunt omnia Post tot Annos tot Triumphos Animam ad pedes positurus Tuos Sacra Senex affixit Arma. Vitam quetam Imperium famam Aeternam aeternam precatur tibi Sanguine redempturus suo Vltra columnas Herculis Columna moueatur Tua Corona superet Coronas omnes vt quam coelum foelicissime nascenti Coronam dedit Beatissima moriens reportes coelo Summe Sancte Aeterne Audi exaudi Deus The musicke aforesayd was accompanied with these verses pronounced and sungs by M. Hales her Maiesties seruant a Gentleman in that Arte excellent and for his voice both commendable and admirable My golden locks time hath to siluer turnd Oh time too swift and swiftnes neuer ceasing My youth gainst age and age at youth hath spurnd But spurnd in vaine youth waineth by encreasing Beauty strength and youth flowers fading beene Duety faith and loue are rootes and euer greene My Helmet now shall make an hiue for Bees And louers songs shall turne to holy Psalmes A man at Armes must now sit on his knees And feed on pray'rs that are old ages almes And so from Court to Cottage I depart My Saint is sure of mine vnspotted hart And when I sadly sit in homely Cell I 'le teach my Swaines this Carrol for a song Blest be the hearts that thinke my Souereigne well Curs'd be the soules that thinke to doe her wrong Goddesse vouch safe this aged man his right To be your Beadsman now that was your Knight The gifts which the Vestall maydens presented vnto her Maiesty were these A vaile of white exceeding rich and curiously wrought a cloke and safegard set with buttons of gold and on them were grauen Emprezes of excellent deuise in the loope of euery button was a noble mans badge fixed to a pillar richly embrodered And here by way of digression let vs remember a speech which this noble Gentleman vsed at such time as these buttons were set vpon the garment aforesaid I would quoth he that all my friends might haue bene remembred in these buttons but there is not roome enough to containe them all and if I haue them not all then said hee those that are left out may take exception Whereunto another standing by answered Sir let as many be placed as can be and cause the last button to be made like the Caracter of c. Now Godamercie with all my heart quoth the Knight for I would not haue giuen the Caetera of my friends for a milion of gold But to returne to the purpose These presents and prayer being with great reuerence deliuered into her Maiesties owne hands and he himselfe disarmed offered vp his armour at the foot of her Maiesties crowned pillar and kneeling vpon his knees presented the Earle of Cumberland humbly beseeching she would be pleased to accept him for her Knight to continue the yeerely exercises aforesaid Her Maiesty
are they to be all punished alike but the Iudge is to examine the circumstances of the cause The law willeth that who so is found a Desertor in warre is to be capitally punished whether hee were horseman or souldier on foote But if a horseman doe prooue a Desertor in peace he thereby forfeiteth his degree or if he were a footman he looseth his pay If such an offender be found in the citie he incurreth the losse of his head but being elswhere found and that the first fault hee may be restored but offending the second time shall loose his life He that to this fault shall adde any other ought be the more sharpely punished and hauing so offended he shall be in case as if he had bene twise a Desertor To this kind of offence in diuers ages and by diuers Princes diuers penalties were appointed The Spartanes repulsed such men from being capable of any office and to liue euer vnmarried also to giue place to all other men and haue the one side of their beards shauen Auidius the vsurper commanded that some should haue their hands cut off and other their legges broken Dauid King of Scottes and second of that name being forced to flee his kingdome at his returne as one mindfull of those that abandoned him in time of danger caused all Chiefetaines and Captaines to pay money and would haue disinherited Robert Stewart who was before named his heire Also for an example to posteritie he imposed a pecuniary punishment vpō al those that did abandon their king in fight Another sort of fugitiues be they that beeing taken prisoners will not returne although so they might of which number some doe onely rest with the enemie and others doe take part and fight on his side which is an offence of great importance Paulus the Ciuilian writeth That such offenders should be either burned aliue or hanged Vlpianus would haue them also burned Or rather as some report he was not executed by the King for leauing him but by the factious Lords for adhering firmely to the King Nicholas Brembre an Alderman of London at a battell in Essex or neere Oxford as others say fled from King Richard the second and after being found in Wales was brought from thence to London where hee was publikely put to death Also at the siege of Capua seuen hundred fugitiues were taken beaten with roddes and their hands cut off By these examples appeareth that no certeine punishment was inflicted for this offence To these we may adde all seditious persons who desirous of innouation doe attempt diuers enterprises to mooue mutenie or rebellion These seditions are most commonly in armies composed of diuers nations or where strangers are called for aide In Cybaris a great number of Achaians and Troezenians did dwell quietly vntill the Achei finding their number the greater tooke Armes and expulsed the Troezeni In Constantinople likewise the strangers did conspire to oppresse the Citizens but in a battell were all forced to flie Also after the suppression of the tyrants in Syracusa the strangers and hired souldiers fell into great dissention For reformation of this fault Iulius Caesar is to be followed who finding such a mischiefe to arise cleared the armie of all busie heads sware the souldiers and at the beginning repressed the sedition Modestinus the doctor did giue counsell that whosoeuer did begin any muteny should loose his life if the sedition were dangerous but beeing of lesse moment the beginner thereof should be cassed The law of Naples commandeth that souldiers or others mouing any sedition should forfeit both life and goods Trebonius a chiefe conspiratour against Caesar was put to death by Dolabella and Marinas Phalerius Duke of Venice for conspiring against that state was beheaded yet in some places and times the punishment of these offences was onely pecuniall or infamie Another crime of greater consequence it is to yeeld vp or abandon a place of strength or depart from a standing giuen in charge for by the Romane lawe those crimes were euer accounted capitall It is likewise capital for feare of an enemie to forsake the trench the wall or other place to be defended Therefore Augustus Caesar caused certaine Captaines hauing abandoned a place vpon paine of death to recouer it Modestinus saith That he who leaueth his place of watch or warde is to be reputed worse then an Emansor and consequently for such a fault to be punished or at the least be discharged his seruice and he that forsaketh the trench incurreth the same penaltie though the enemie doe make no approch but if the enemie be at hand then so to doe is capitall Euery man may reade that Appius Claudius sent certaine bands against the Volses and they abandoning their ranks were beaten with rods and after executed which proceeding seemeth extreame and therefore in like case some fewe haue bene put to death to terrifie the rest Antonius leading an armie against the Parthians executed onely euery tenth man of those that first did runne away The like was done by Appius Claudius in the warre against the Volses putting a few of those souldiers to death that first abandoned their Ensignes Caius Caesar according to the Lawes of Petreius at suite of the Legions did put to death onely twelue persons that were the chiefe moouers of sedition so great was his mercie Neuerthelesse the vse was euer to put him to death that did flee first It is sayd that Epaminondas walking the round where the watch was set hapned to finde a souldier fast asleepe whom forth with he slew with his sword saying As he found him so hee left him The like penaltie doe they incurre that sleepe or depart from their place of watch which moued Epaminondas to account a souldier sleeping like a man without life By the law Militarie it is prouided that if any Souldier doe loose his Armes or sell them hee shall for so doing be capitally punished or at the least disabled to beare Armes at the discretion of the Iudge Or if any souldier doe cast away his Armes and not defend himselfe against the enemie shall thereby incurre infamy The old Romanes reputed him worthy to receiue a bastonado that abandoned his Ensigne The like punishment they thought due to him that did forsake the Generall If any Captaine did flee from his Company or any Ensigne-bearer did let fall his Colours he was beheaded or beaten to death with cudgels Appius Claudius being sent against the Volses caused certaine Ensigne-bearers for loosing their Colours and others that fled out of their rankes to be beaten with rods Paulus the doctor holdeth it a great fault for any Souldier to sell his Armes yet seemeth hee lesse culpable then the former But that kinde of crime is thought equal vnto desertion and whether he sell all or part of his Armes the fault is one Yet that doctour maketh this difference viz. he that selleth his greaues or his powldrō s ought to be beaten But who so selleth
shall holde the candle before the Esquier till the reading of the Gospell and then the Esquier shall hold it himselfe till the Gospel be ended and then it shall be set before him till all the Seruice be ended Then one of the gouernours shall take away the hood from the Esquier And when the Gospel is read the Esquier shall kneele downe and offer money in the honour of God and him that shall make him Knight Then the Esquiers gouernours shall leade him into his chamber and lay him in his bed till it be farre day And whilest hee resteth in his bed he shal be couered that is to say with a couerlet of gold called Sigleton and the same shall be lined with Kersie And when it seemeth good to the Gouernours they shall goe to the King and say vnto him Sir when it pleaseth your Grace our Master shall rise And then the King shall commaund the Knights Esquiers and Minstrels to goe to the chamber to cause him rise and to make him ready and to bring him before him in his Hall But before their entring and noise of musicke heard the Esquiers shall make all things ready for the apparelling of him One Knight shall giue him his shirt another his hose the third his dublet another shall apparell him in a kertle of red Tartar Two other shall lift him out of his bed two others shall put on his blacke netherstockes soled with leather two other to lace his Manches another to girde him with a girdle of white leather without any studs another shall combe his head another shall put on his coife another shall giue him a Mantle of silke and Kertle of red Tartar laced with a white silke lace But the Chandler shall haue for his fees all the garments and others wherewith he was clothed at the first entrie and also the bed and Sigleton for which fees the Chandler of his owne expences shall finde the coife gloues girdle lace Then the Knights shall mount on horsebacke and conduct him to the Hall the musicke playing before him his horse sadled with blacke leather the Arson white stirrop leathers blacke and stirrops gilt the pectorel of blacke leather with a crosse paty of gold hanging before the horse feete and without a crouper the bridle of blacke leather with a crosse paty on the forehead and then a yong Esquier to ride before him without a hood who shall beare his sword by the point with the spurres hanging at the hilts which are white studded with blacke and a white leather girdle without any studdes When they come to the Kings Hall the Gouernours and Marshals shal be ready to meete him and at his alighting the Marshall shall haue his horse or else 100. sh. for his see he shall be brought to the vppermost table in the Hall and there tarie till the Kings comming the Knights on each side of him and the young man holding his sword betweene the two Esquiers And when the King commeth into the Hall and looketh on the Esquier ready to take the high Order of temporall dignitie he shall demand the sword and the spurres and the Chamberlaine shall take the sword and the spurres from the yong man and shall shew them to the King then the King shall take the right spurre and shall deliuer it to the most noble Lord saying Put this vpon the Esquiers heele and he kneeling on that one knee shall take the Esquier by the right legge and put his foote vpon his knee and make fast the spurre to his right heele and the Lord shall make a crosse on the knee of the Esquier and kisse him This done another Lorde shall come and fasten the spurre to the left foot in the same manner And then the King of his great curtesie shall take the sword and gird it about the Esquier and then the Esquier shall lift vp his Armes on high holding the Gantlets in his hands betweene his fingers and the thumbes And the King shall put his arme about the Esquiers necke and lift his right hand vp and smite the Esquier on the shoulder saying Be a good Knight and then kisseth him And then the Knights doe leade the new Knight to the Chappell with great melody to the high Altar where he kneeleth downe and putteth his right hand vpon the Altar promising to defend the right of holy Church during his life And then he shall vngird the sword and with great deuotion pray vnto Almightie God that he may keepe the Order which he hath taken vpon him and accomplish the same to the end and taketh a drop of wine And at his going out of the Chappell the Kings master Cooke is ready to take away the spurres and to haue them for his see saying I am come from the King being his master Cooke to take the spurres from you and to shewe you that if you doe any thing against the order of Chiualrie which God forbid I will cut away the spurres from your heeles And then the Knights shall lead him backe into the Hall and he beginneth the table of Knights and the Knights shall sit about him and he shal be serued as the other are but he shall neither eate nor drinke nor mooue or looke here or there no more then one that is new married This done one of the gouernors shall haue a handkerchife in his hand which he shall hold before his face when he wil spit or such like and when the King is risen from the table and gone into his chamber then the new Knight shall be led with a great number of Knights and Minstrels before him to his chamber and at their entring the Knights and Minstrels shall take leaue and hee shall goe to dinner The Knights beeing departed the chamber shall be shut and that newe Knight shal be dispoiled of all his abillaments which shall be giuen to the Knights Heralds if they be present or els to the Minstrels with a marke in siluer if he be a Bacheler Knight and if hee be a Baron then double somuch if hee be an Earle or higher estate alwayes doubled and the Russet night-cap shall be giuen to the watch or els a noble in money And then he shal be apparelled in a blew gowne with the Manches open in the maner of a Priest and hee shall haue at his left shoulder a lace of white silke hanging which he shall weare vppermost on his garment so long till hee haue gained honour in Armes and be recorded by some noble Knights Esquiers and Heralds of Armes for some memorable deeds done by him as hath bene said before or by some noble Prince or noble Lady which may cut away the lace from the Knights shoulder saying Sir wee haue heard much of your renowne and what you haue done in diuers places to the great honor of Chiualrie for your selfe and him that made you Knight therefore reason would that this lace should be taken frō you But after dinner the Knights and
so haue I long desired to do and no time more fit then now when the Constable and his company may be iudge Yet such is my hap as I haue no Armor at hand For supply of that want quoth Boucmelius I will take order that two Armors shal be brought vnto vs and of them the choise shal be yours with euery other thing fit for our purpose This agreement made they imparted the same vnto the Constable and obtained his license yet with condition that they should attend vpon him the next day at which time hee would with other noble men see what should be the euent of that Action About the houre appointed these Champions did appeare and at the first course Clifford with his Launce pearced through the Armor and body of Boucmelius of which hurt he presently died This accident much grieued the French and Clifford himselfe was not a little sory which the Constable perceiuing said vnto Clifford Be not dismayed for this is the fruite of like aduentures and if my selfe had beene in thy place I should haue done the same for better euer it is to doe then suffer at the hand of an enemy The Constable hauing ended his speech conuited Clifford with his company to dinner and then caused them to be conducted to the next towne in safety CHAP. 36. ¶ An other Challenge of a French Gentleman in Spaine IN the Army of the King of Castile there was a French Gentleman young of yeeres and in Armes of great reputation men called him Tristram de Roy. He seeing the warres ended betweene the Kings of Castile and Portugal determined to returne home Yet desirous by some means to gaine honor before his arriuall in France procured an Herauld to goe vnto the English Army and proclaime That if any Gentleman there would breake three Launces he would challenge him This challenge being heard in the English campe a braue young Gentleman named Miles Windesor accepted thereof hoping by that occasion to merit the honour of Knighthood The next day according to appointment he appeared in the field accompanied with Mathew Gorney William Beuchamp Tho Simons the L. Shandos the L. Newcastle the L. Bardolf and many others The French Challenger appeared likewise honourably graced with friends and thus both parties in readinesse to runne the Lord Souldichius bestowed the dignitie of Knighthood vpon the said Windsor Which done the one charged the other and the two first courses were perfourmed with great courage yet without any hurt But in the third course the armour both of the one and the other was pearced through yet by breach of the launces both of them escaped more harme CHAP. 37. One other notable Challenge in France Anno 1390. IN the reigne of King Charles the sixth three noble young men of great hope and much affecting the warre liued in that Court viz. Mounsier de Bouciquant the younger Mounsier Reynaut de Roye and Mounsier de S. Pye all Gentlemen of that Kings chamber In the same time also there was in England a Knight for valour and militarie vertue of great fame men called him Sir Peter Courtney He hauing obtained license passed the sea and trauelled to Paris After a few daies rest in that citie he challenged Mounsieur Trimoulie a noble Gentleman in great reputation who accepting the defie obtained license to answere appointing a day and place The time being come the King accompanied with the Duke of Burgundy and many other great Estates went to behold that conflict The first course was performed exceeding well and ether partie brake his launce with commendation But the second launce being deliuered into their hands the King inhibited more should be done seeming somewhat offended with the English Knight who had made sute that he might be suffered to doe his vttermost This Action by the Kings commaundement was stayed and Sir Peter Courtney therewith grieued thought good to abandon that Countrey and so desired he might doe The King well pleased he should depart sent vnto him an honourable gift and the Duke of Burgundie did the like The King also commaunded Mounsiuer de Clary a greaâ— Lord to accompany him to Callis By the way they visited the Earle of S. Paul who married King Richards sister of England The Earle in most courteous manner welcommed Sir Peter and the rather for that his Ladie had formerly bene married to the Lord Courtney his kinsman who died young This Sir Peter Courtney being well entertained the Earle and hee with their company supped together in which time as the custome is they communed of many matters Among which the Earle asked of Sir Peter how he liked the Realme of France and what conceit he had of the Nobilitie Whereunto Sir Peter with a sowre countenance answered That hee found in France nothing to be compared with the magnificence of England though for friendly entertainment hee had no cause to complaine yet saide Sir Peter I am not well satisfied in that matter which was the chiefe cause of my comming into France For I protest in the presence of all this Honourable company that if Monsieur de Clary beeing a Noble Gentleman of France had come into England and challenged any of our Nation he should haue beene fully answered but other measure hath ben offered to me in France for when Monsieur de Tremoulie and I had engaged our honour after one Lance broken the king commanded me to stay I haue therefore sayde and wheresoeuer I shall become will say that in France I was denyed reason and leaue to doe my vttermost These words much moued Mounsieur de Clary yet for the present hee suppressed his anger hauing charge to conduct Sir Peter safely vnto Calis Notwithstanding this heate quoth the Earle let mee tell you Sir Peter that in mine opinion you depart from France with much honour because the King vouchsafed to entreate you that the fight might stay whom to obey is a certaine signe of wisedome and praise worthy I pray you therefore Sir Knight haue patience and let vs proceede in our iourney Thus Sir Peter hauing taken leaue of the Earle passed forth towards Calice accompanied with Mounsieur de Clary who so soone as they were entred into the confines of the English Dominion Sir Peter most heartily thanked him for his company and courtesie But Clary hauing made an impression of such sowre speeches as Sir Peter had vttered in the Earles house said thus Hauing now fully performed the Kings commandement conducting you safe to your friendes I must before wee part put you in minde of your inconsiderate words in contempt of the Nobility of France And to the end you being arriued in England shall haue no cause or colour to boast that you were not answered in France Loe here I my selfe though inferiour to many others am this day or to morow ready to encounter â—ou not for malice to your person or gloriously to boast of my valour but for conseruation of the fame and honor
prize He that his Sword falleth out of his hand shall winne no prize He that striketh his hand in fight on the Barriers shall win no prize Whosoeuer shall fight and not shewe his Sword to the Iudges before shall winne no prize The Prizes giuen The Prize of the fairest and most gallant entry THe Marquesse de Valle came into the field very well appointed in armour and apparell The Kings Maiestie better then he Don Fredericke de Toledo best of all to whome the Queenes Maiestie awarded the prize of the Brooch The Prize for the Pike THe Duke of Medina Caeli performed valorously Don Pedro de la Zerda bettered him Don Diego Ortado di Mendoça did best of all to whome was giuen by the Queenes Maiestie a Ring of gold with a Rubie The Prize for the Sword SIr George Howard fought very well Don Adrian Garçias performed better Sir Iohn Parrat best of all to whome the Queenes Maiesty gaue a Ring of gold with a Diamond The Prize at the Pike in ranke THomas Percy acquited valiantly Carlo di Sanguine with greater fortune Ruygomez best of all to whome the Queene gaue a Ring of gold The Prize of all together in ranke at the foyle LOrd William Howard L. Admiral with high commendation Marquesse di Toro Mayore exceeded him the Kings Maiesty exceeded all to whome the Queene gaue in highest honour a Ring of golde with a rich Diamond In all which and other the like triumphant Gests perfourmed by the English and Spanish Nobilitie it was euer held honorable and prizeworthy to appeare within Listes most gallant and fairest armed and yet with least superstuous cost of golde siluer embrodery or curiositie of workemanship CHAP. 53. Of the like Actions in Armes since the reigne of Queene Elizabeth ONe solemne Iust Tournament and fight at the Barrier was holden at Westminster wherein the Duke of Norffolke the Earle of Sussex the Earle of Warwick the Earle of Leicester the Lord Scroope the Lord Darcie and the Lord Hunsdon were Challengers with great honour answered all commers The Defenders names are not extant 1558. A royall Challenge was also there proclaimed before her Maiestie wherein were Challengers the Earle of Oxenford Charles Howard nowe Lord Admirall Sir Henrie Lea and Sir Christopher Hatton now Knights of the Garter the one Master of her Maiesties Armorie the other at his death Lord Chancellor The Defenders were THe Lord Stafford the Lord Henrie Seamor Edward Harbert Sir George Carie Thomas Cecil Henry Gray William Howard Sir Ierome Bowes Henrie Knowles Henry Kneuet William Norris Richard Bulkley Thomas Kneuet Willliam Knowles Rafe Lane George Delues Robert Colsel Launcelot Bostock Brian Ansley Henrie Mackwilliam Thomas Bedding field Thomas Moore William Worthing toÌ„ Richard Blunt Thomas Connesby Robert Alexander Roger Clopton This Triumph continued three dayes the first at Tilt the second at Turney and the third at the Barrier On euery of the Challengers her Maiestie bestowed a prize for the recieuing whereof they were particularly led armed by two Ladies vnto her presence Chamber The prize at the Tilton the Defenders party was giuen vnto Henry Gray at the Tourney to the Lord Henry Seamor at the Barriers to Thomas Cecil Before them went Clarencieux King of Armes in his Rich coate of Armes This magnificent triumph was performed Anno 1571. An honourable Challenge was likewise brought before her Maiestie by the Earle of Arundell calling himselfe Callophisus who with his assistant Sir William Drurie challenged all commers Anno 1580. The Defenders were THe Earle of Oxford the Lord Windsor Phillip Sidney Edward Norris Henrie Knowles Robert Knowles Fulk Griuell Thomas Kneuet Thomas Kellaway Rafe Bowes George Goring George Gifford Anthonie Cooke Henrie Bronkard Edward Denny Richard Ward Thomas Parrot The prize was giuen to the Earle of Oxford To these actions of Armes we may adde a notable Tourneament on horsebacke solemnized within her Maiesties pallace at Westminster which became the more rare and memorable because it was performed in the night The manner whereof in briefe was thus It pleased her Maiestie according to her Princely custome in the intertainement of noble strangers to conuite vnto supper the Duke Memorancie chiefe Marshall of France at that time come thither to receiue the honourable order of the Garder This magnificent supper ended it pleased her Highnesse the weather being warme to walke out of her chamber into the open Tarrace whither also awayting on her went the sayd Duke and all others of the French Nobilitie with the Ambassadours Lords and Ladies of the Court. At her Maiesties comming to the North side of the Tarrace there were prepared and set rich chaires cushions and carpets In which place it pleased her to stay entertayning most gratiously the said Duke and other Noble strangers Next vnto them were placed the Ladies Lords Counsellers and other persons of reputation according to their degrees and conuenience of the roome So as the said Tarrace was on all sides beset with Lord Ladies and persons of qualitie sumptuously apparelled and richly furnished and among them both aboue and vnder stood many of the Guard in their rich coates holding an infinite number of Torches and so in the preaching place by which meane those that beheld the Tarrace in this sort furnished deemed it rather a Theater celestiall then a pallace of earthly building The place with this Royall presence replenished suddainly entred Walter Earle of Essex and with him twelue Gentlemen armed at all peeces and well mounted The Earle and his horse was furnished with white cloth of siluer and the rest in white sattin who after reuerence done to her Maiesty marched to the East side of the Court and there in troope stood firme Forthwith entred Edward Earle of Rutland with a like number in like sort armed and apparelled all in blew and hauing presented his reuerence stayed on the West end Before either of these bands one Chariot was drawen and therein a faire Damsell conducted by an armed Knight who pronounced certaine speeches in the French tongue vnto her Maiestie These Ceremonies passed The Queene commanded the armed men to fall vnto fight which was performed with great courage and commendation chiefly in the Earle of Essex a noble personage valorous in armes and all other wayes of great vertue Truely this Action was marueilously magnificent and appeared a sight exceeding glorious to those that were below looking vpward to the Tarrace where her Maiestie the Lords and Ladies stood so pompously apparelled iewelled and furnished as hardly can be seene the like in any Christian Court as my selfe saw and other the Actors at occasions staying from fight with great admiration did behold and thinke Of the Actors names in this Triumph it seemeth no note is kept yet are many of them liuing Not inferiour but farre exceeding in princely pompe and qualitie of Actors was that Royall combat and fight on foote before her Maiestie the first of Ianuarie Anno 1â—81 where Mounsieur brother vnto the French
the person of the Emperor and King of Romanes two Popes for one died there fiue Patriarches three and thirty Cardinals fourtie and seuen Archbishops a hundreth forty and fiue Bishops and 83. Suffragans Thirty and nine Dukes Thirty and seuen Earles being absolute Princes An hundreth and thirtie inferior Earles Seuentie and nine free Lords or Barons Knights of all Nations fifteene hundred Gentlemen twentie thousand besides Doctors Licentiats and Scholemen infinite For the King of England appeared Richard Beauchamp Earle of Warwick with him were foure Bishops viz. Sarisbury Chester Bathe and Bangor Sarisbury died during that Councell and liuing tooke his place aboue all other Bishops as an Archbishop and for the time was placed last in the ranke of Archbishops The Earle of Warwicks attendants were as followeth Hurting de Clough Knight Iohn Waterton Knight Iohn Seton Knight Piers Craft Knight Iohn Roch Knight Iames Hermford Knight Beringer de Beaumont Knight Gentlemen Nicholas Serpon William Newland Geffrey Offley Walter Hungerford Hugh Holdbach Iohn Fitton Thomas Wileot Richard Dutton Oliuer Dunley Petrs Craft Iohn Lantsdon Iohn Roche Thomas Fanhes William Newland Iohn Merbory Iohn Otlinger Ralfe Rainscroft Henry Vessey William Vessey Scholemen of Cambridge Henry Abundy Iohn Wells Iohn Sheirford Doctors in Diuinitie Thomas Palton Robert Appleton Iohn Stokes Ciuilians Scholemen of Oxford The Lord Prior of Orsestry Peter Rodley Priamus Farbach CHAP. 20. Of Magistrates NExt vnder Emperors Kings and Princes Souereigne are foure degrees of Magistrates Some are called Magni and Illustres Some are Medij and Spectabiles Some are Minimi and Clarissimi And some are Infimi The first may be named Magistrates souereigne as they who acknowledge no superior but the Maiestie of the Prince The second are they that yeeld obedience to them and command other Magistrates their inferiors The latter two are such as cannot command any Magistrate but haue power only ouer particular subiects within the limits of their iurisdiction Touching the first that haue authority to commaund all other Magistrates and acknowledge no superior but the Prince they are fewer at this day then heretofore Yet certaine it seemeth that some Romane Emperours authorized one Magistrate or Lieutenant without any companion to command all other Magistrates of the Empire and to him all Gouernours and Magistrates did appeale Which Magistrate they called Praefectus Praetorio True it is that at the beginning he was of no greater quality then Captaine of the Legions Praetorian as Seius Strabo vnder Augustus and Seianus vnder Tibertus vntill other Emperors succeeding by litle and litle encreased their authority as in the end the Praefectus Praetorio became Lieutenant generall and iudge of all questions and causes whatsoeuer by which occasion that office was giuen vnto men learned in the Lawe as Martian vnder Otho Papinian vnder Seuerus and Vlpian vnder Alexander All which came to passe before Armes were diuided from lawes and Iusticers from Captaines Afterwards this great office became imparted vnto two and sometimes three persons purposely to abridge the excessiue authority of one But touching the Precedencie of Magistrates albeit they cannot aptly be ranged with those of the Empire yet may they in some sort be placed according to the dignitie and degrees of those titles which the Romanes anciently vsed And touching their authority it shal not be amisse to know that a Magistrate is an Officer hauing power to command in the common weale among whom in the Romane Empire the Praefectus Praetorio was the chiefe hauing authority aboue all other Officers to whom also euery one did appeale To this Praetor or Praefect we may compare the Grand Mayor du Pallais in France who in times past did in that kingdome beare chiefe office To him also in some sort we may resemble the high Seneschal of England vnder King William the Conqueror and other Kings his successors These Magistrates might therefore bee reasonably called Illustrissimi chiefly in the Kings absence For sure it is that in presence of the King all power of Magistrates and Commissioners also doth cease For during that time they haue no authority of commandement either ouer other subiects or other Officers their inferiors But this mighty Magistrate is no more either in England or France yet during their authoritie they were called Illustrissmi which title signified a certein preeminencie aboue all Magistrates that were Illustres either Honorarij or Administrantes Nam accidentia denominant Subiectum Next to these Illustrissimi or Maximi the chiefe place of Precedencie is due vnto those whome we called Illustres and among them the L. Chancellour is chiefe etiam in dignitate impari as one whose excellent vertue ought be preferred before all other officers Likewise the Lord high Constable or Lord Marshall is a Magistrate Illust. the Lord Treasurer Admirall of England the Lord Chamberlaine and all others of the Kings priuie Councell may assume the title of persons Illust. or as we commonly call them right Honorable So saith Cass. It seemeth also that Doctours who haue read in schoole the space of twenty yeeres may be called Illustrissimi as Purpuratus noteth To these Illust. or right Honourable personages the lawes Emperiall haue graunted many great priuiledges as the same Barthol discourseth After these the Magistrates whome we formerly called Spectabiles and may in our tongue be tearmed Honourable ought to follow as commanders in Armes Iudges Gouernours or Lieutenants Generall of Prouinces and Cities c. The fourth place appertaineth to them that anciently were named Clarissimi or Right worshipfull who are inferiour Iusticers and Ministers Colonels Captaines and meane Officers c. Lastly are they whome the Romanes intituled Infimi and in English Worshipfull as Captaines of particular Castles Iudges in Townes corporate where no action is triable aboue 3000 shillings Note here that euery Magistrate is an Officer but euery Officer is not a Magistrate and of all Magistrates the Lord Chancellor hath euer had precedence not onely in England and Fraunce but of all anciencie in euery other place for read we may that Eginardus who wrote the life of Carolus Magnus was his Chancellor Likewise Tribonianus was Chancellor vnto the Emperor Iustinian Iosaphat was Chancellor to King Dauid 2. of Kings Vlpianus to the Emperour Alexander Seneca to Nero and in France the Chancellor hath so great preheminence as he precedeth the Constable vnlesse he be the Kings brother or his sonne For the better memory of the degrees aforesaid Lucas de Penna speaking of titular dignity hath left these verses vnderwritten Illustris primus medius spectabilis imus Vt lex testatur clarissimus esse probatur Et superillustris praeponitur omnibus istis CHAP. 21. Of Officers and their Precedencie OFficers seruing Princes are of diuers sorts among which some doe attend the Princes person others haue charge of his Treasure some are ministers of Iustice and some are commanders in warre For the better conceiuing of our intention therfore and the order of that which
stand aboue and precede all others that are in pari dignitate of themselues as a Duke of the Bloud aboue all Dukes not of the Bloud and so the like in all other degrees except the Princes knowen pleasure be to the contrary A Dukes eldest sonne and heire of the blood Royall shall haue place before a Marquesse and if he be not of the blood he shall haue place aboue an Earle An Earles sonne and heire of the blood Royall shall precede a Vicount and if he be not of the blood he shall haue place aboue a Baron CHAP. 23. The proceeding of Parliament to Westminster from her Maiesties Royall Pallace of VVhite Hall FIrst Messengers of the Chamber Gentlemen two and two Esquiers two and two The sixe Clerkes of the Chancerie Clerkes of the Starre-chamber Clerkes of the Signet Clerkes of the priuie Counsell The Masters of the Chancery Esquiers of the Body The Trumpets The Queenes Attorney and Soliciter Sergeants of the Law The Queenes Sergeant alone The Barons of the Exchequer two and two Iudges of the Common Pleas. Iudges of the Kings Bench. Pursuyuants Pursuyuants The Lord chiefe Baron and the Lord chiefe Iustice of the Common Pleas. The Master of the Roules and the Lord chiefe Iustice of the Kings Bench. Batcheler Knights Knights of the Bathe Knights Bannerets Knights of the Priuie Counsell two and two Knights of the Garter The Queenes Maiesties Cloake and Hat borne by a Knight or an Esquier Noblemens yonger sonnes Heralds Heralds and heires apparant two and two The principall Secretary being no Baron The Vice-chamberlaine The Treasourer and Comptroller of the Houshold Barons in their Robes two and two The yongest form ost Bishops in their Robes two and two The Lord Admirall and the Lord Chamberlaine of Household together if they be Barons and In pari dignitate Norroy King of Armes Viscounts in their Robes two and two the yongest formost Earles in their Robes two and two they yongest formost Marquesses in their Robes Dukes in their Robes The Lord President of the Counsell and the Lord Priuie Seale Lord Steward of the Queenes house and the Lord great Chamberlaine Clarencieux King of Armes The Almner The Master of Requests The Lord Chanceler and the Lord Tresurer of England together The Archbishop of Canterbury the Archbishop of Yorke together Sergeants at Armes Sergeants at Armes Garter chiefe King of Armes barehead The Cap of Estate borne by the Marques of Winchester and with him on the left hand the Earle Marshall of England with his gilt rod. The Sword borne by an Earle THE Queenes Maiestie on horsebacke or in her Chariot with her Robes of Estate her Traine borne by a Duchesse or Marchionesse The Pensioners on ech side of her Maiestie bearing Poleaxes The Lord Chamberlaine and the Vize-chamberlaine on eche side of the Queene if they attend out of their ranke but somewhat behinde her The Master of the Horse leading a spare Horse next behinde her Maiestie Ladies and Gentlewomen according to their Estates two and two The Captaine of the Guard with all the Guard folowing two two CHAP. 24. The placing of great Officers according to the Acte of Parliament made An. 31. H. 8. THe Lord Vicegerent shal be placed on the Bishops side aboue them all Then the Lord Chauncellour The Lord Treasorer The Lord President of the priuie Counsell The Lord Priuie seale These foure being of the degree of a Baron or aboue shall sit in the Parliament in all assemblies of Councell aboue Dukes not being of the blood Royall viz. The Kings brother Vncle or Nephewes c. And these sixe The Lord great Chamberlaine of England The Lord High Constable of England The Earle Marshall of England The Lord Admirall of England The Lord great Master of Steward of the Kings house The Lord Chamberlaine of the Kings houshold These sixe are placed in all assemblies of Councell after Lord priuie Seale according to their degrees and estates So that if he be a Baron to sit aboue all Barons and if he be an Earle aboue all Earles And so likewise the Kings principall Secretary being a Baron of the Parliament hath place aboue all Barons and if he be of higher degree he shall sit and be placed according thereunto Note If any of the Officers aboue mentioned be not of the degree of a Baron whereby he hath not power to assent or dissent in the high Court of Parliament then he or they are to sit on the vppermost Wolsacke in the Parliament chamber the one aboue the other in like order as is specified The Nobilitie Temporall are placed according to the auncientie of their seuerall creations and so are the Lords Spirituall sauing The Archbishop of Canterburie So placed of dignitie The Archbishop of Yorke Bishop of London So placed by Acte of Parliament Bishop of Durham Bishop of Winhcester The rest of the Bishops haue their places according to the senioritie of their seuerall consecrations And this for their placing in the Parliament house Howbeit when the Archbishop of Canterburie sitteth in his Prouinciall assembly he hath on his right hand the Archbishop of Yorke and next vnto him the Bishop of Winchester and on the left hand the Bishop of London But if it fall out that the Archbishop of Canterburie be not there by the vacation of his See then the Archbishop of Yorke is to take his place who admitteth the Bishop of London to his right hand and the Prelate of Winchester to his left the rest sitting as is before said as they are elders by consecration CHAP. 25. The Queenes Maiesties most royall proceeding in State from Somerset place to Pauls Church Ann. 1588. ON Sunday the 24. day of Nouember Anno 1588. our Soueraigne Lady Queene Elizabeth rode with great solemnitie in her open chariot from Somerset house in the Strond to the Cathedrâ—l Church of S. Paul in London where at the West doore before her Maiesties entrance in there was prouided a rich Chaire of Estate and the ground being spred likewise with tapits her Maiestie kneeled downe against a deske couered with very Princely furniture and said the Lords prayer and then the Bishop of London in his Cope deliuered her a booke containing all the Orders Charters and Priuiledges belonging to the said Church which her Maiesty receiuing did confirme and redeliuer vnto the Bishop in the presence of all the Prebends and Churchmen who attended her Highnesse in very rich Copes and so with the whole Quire singing before her she proceeded vp into the Chancell where within a Trauers she rested vntill the Procession and other diuine Anthems were sung After which her Maiesty entred into the place ordained for the Duchie of Lancaster which at that time was newly reedified with faire and large glasse windowes in which she stayed during the Sermon preached at the Crosse by Doctor Perce then Bish. of Salisbury where with the whole assembly of the people she gaue God publicke thankes for that
accompany his father vnto the graue which custome is still continued specially among persons of State and reputation And indeede no Nation is so vnciuill or sauage as vtterly to contemne the honest buriall of mens bodies Yet doe we reade that the Lotophagi doe cast their dead bodies into the Sea affirming it maketh no matter whether they consume by earth or water Which custome the excellent Doctor Modestinus reproueth in these words Laudandus est magis quà m accusandus haeres qui reliquias testatoris non in mare secundum ipsius voluntatem abiecerit sed in memoriam humanae conditionis sepulturae tradidit Neither doe I like the conceite of Solon who dying in Cyprus commanded his heires that the bones of his bodie should be burned and the ashes dispersed throughout the Countrey In old time the Albanoys thought it no point of pietie to take care of the dead which Christians may not allow as hath bene formerly said Noli mortuo denegare gratiam Eccl. 2. The Scythians were wont to eate the flesh of dead bodies at their feastes as a dish of great delicacie and honour and the Hircani kept dogges purposely to deuoure dead mens carcases Likewise the Parthians seeing any dead bodie of man beast or bird did foorthwith teare off the flesh and then buried the bones The Massagetae vsed to beate old mens bodies to death with a cudgell and then gaue them to be eaten by Shepheards dogges and such as died of sickenesse were deuoured by wilde beasts All which customes do deserue to be abhorred But the Athenians were so carefull of Funerall dutie as if any man did neglect to burie a Captaine slaine he was capitally punished And the Egyptians in building of their houses did neuer forget to make their Tombes with pyramides and other ornaments of excessiue cost and they dying their bodies were embalmed and kept therein as Cicero in his first booke of Tusculane questions seemeth to affirme The first great Prince that begun to bury bodies of men slaine in the warre was Hercules and such men are much commended by the Prophet Vos benedicti a Domino qui fecistis misericordiam hanc cum Domino vestro Saul sepelistis eum Also Maccabaus commanded his enemies slaine to be buried as appeareth 2. Maccob cap. 10. 12. Darius being slaine and his bodie brought to Alexander was sent vnto his mother Tumbrudina and Hannibal caused the carkasse of Paulus Emilius to be buried In like maner Gracchus and Marcellus were buried by their owne enemies Valerius lib. 5. de humanitate And Baldus saieth Expedit reipub non minus mortuos humari quà m viuentes conseruari It is also extant how Cyrus by his testament commanded his owne bodie should be buried in the earth and so did the Emperors Caesar and Alexander as Leonardus Aretinus hath written Epist. 94. But omitting these Rites and Customes of time ancient and people to vs vnknowen we see that at the buriall of our Princes and persons of honour all their friends and domesticall seruants doe assemble and carrie in their hands the Armes Pennons and other Hatchments appertaining vnto the defunct Which ceremonie for the most part is performed the 40. day after the decease of the defunct according to the example of ceremonies vsed at the burial of Iacob as in the 50. of Genesis at large appeareth By consideration of which Chapter it may be conceiued how pompous the Funerals were in the old Testament and how magnificent houses and Tombes for that vse were allowed as appeareth 1. Macchab. 13 cap. Et â—dificauit Simon super sepulchrum patris suâ— fratruÌ„ suorum â—dificiuÌ„ altum visu lapide polito retro antè statuit septem pyramides vnam contra vnaÌ„ patri matri quatuor fratribus his circum posuit columnas magnas super columnas arma ad memoriam aternam iuxta arma naues sculptas quae viderentur ab hominibus nauig antibus mare It appeareth also in holy Scripture that the body of Christ was buried with a great ceremony and how Ioseph and Nicodâ—mus caried him honorably Iohn 19. Venit ergo Ioseph tulit corpus Iesu. Venit autem Nicodemus quivenerat ad Iesum nocte primum ferens mixturam myrrhae aloes quasi libras centum Acceperunt autem corpus Iesu ligauerunt cum linteis cum Aromatibus sicut mos est Iudaeorum sepelire c. We reade likewise in Tob. 12. Sepelire mortuos est opus pium By which examples it seemeth that pompous and honourable Funerals are not displeasing to God but allowed in all ciuill nations with this caution that no man should be so superstitious as to beleeue these externall complements to be propitiatorie vnto the soule For S. Augustine in his booke de ciuitat Dei saith SepulchroruÌ„ memoria sumptum funeris magis viuorum est consolatio quà m defunctorum vtilitas And S. Ambrose in his sermons sayth thus Quid proficit sepulchrorum superbia damna sunt potius viuentium quà m subsidia mortuorum Thus much touching honourable burials whereunto wee will adde That forso much as diuers degrees of men doe vsually and casually meete at our funerals in England it seemeth necessary that in accompanying of euery corps heed should be taken that no indignity be offeâ—ed vnto any Mourner but ech man to march in such place as is meete for his estate The Heralds therefore by their skill and care are to take a List or Rolle of all Mourners then to marshall them into seuerall classes by their diuers titles as Gentlemen Esquires Knights Barons Vicounts Earles c. euer preferring her Maiesties Officers and seruants before all others in pari dignitate And if none of her Maiesties seruants be there present then euery one to proceede according to his antienty in pari dignitate In this point also it behooueth the Herauld to be heedfull and prouide that no man exceede in expences or charges superfluous but euery one to confine his cost within the bounds of his abilitie for otherwise doing the executors or heires of the defunct shall hereby receiue preiudice For some times we haue seene the buriall of an Esquire more costly then was fit for a Knight and a Knights funeral such as might become a Lord. To auoid which excesse I could wish that excepting the number of poore who are commonly so many as the defunct was yeeres olde her Maiestie or Lord Marshall would be pleased to prescribe a certaine number of Mourners to euery degree and that no man of greater title then the defunct should be permitted to mourne so as the chiefe mourner may euer be in pari dignitate with the defunct and all the rest of meaner qualitie As at the buriall of an Esquire onely Esquires Gentlemen and other inferiour persons to mourne At the funerall of a Knight onely Knights Esquires Gentlemen and their inferiors The like order to be taken at all burials of higher estates Prouided neuerthelesse that if the defunct
present vnto this most Honourable Order are these Doctor Bilson Prelate B. of Winchester Sir Edward Dier Chauncellour Knight Doctor Benet Register Deane of Windsor William Dethicke Garter Principall K. of Armes Richard Conings by Esquier Vsher. Officers of Armes attendants vpon the said Order W. Camden Clarencieux Kings of Armes W. Segar Norroy Lancaster Chester Heraulds Yorke Richmond Windesor Somerset Rouge-crosse Rouge-Dragon Pursuyuants Portcullis Blewmantle CHAP. 10. Of Knights Bannerets OTher degrees of Knighthood there are in England but because they we are no garment badge or signe to distinguish them from other gentlemen they are not knowen to strangers yet among our selues we know them right wel because euery one hauing such dignitie is called Sir As Sir Thomas Sir Iohn Sir William Sir Simon c. But first of Knights Bannerets A Knight that is to receiue this honour shal be led betweene two other Knights before the King or Generall bearing his Pennon of Armes in his owne hand and in presence of all the Nobilitie and other Captaines the Heraulds shal say vnto the King or his Generall these words folowing viz. May it please your grace to vnderstand that this gentleman hath shewed himselfe valiant in the field and for so doing deserueth to be aduanced vnto the degree of a Knight Banneret as worthy from hencefoorth to beare a Banner in the warre Then the King or Generall shal cause the points of his Pennon or Guydon to be rent off And the new Knight shal goe vnto his tent conducted betweene two other Knights the trumpets sounding all the way before him there to receiue sees viz. to the Heraulds three pound sixe shillings and viij pence And if he were before a Knight Bachelour then is he to pay also vnto the Trumpets twenty shillings I suppose the Scots doe call a Knight of this creation a Bannerent for hauing his Bannerrent Here is to be noted that no Knight Banneret can be made but in the warre and the king present or when his Standerd royall is displayed in the field A Banneret thus made and euery estate aboue him may beare his Banner displayed if he be a Captaine and set his Armes therein as Barons do CHAP. II. Knights of the Bath according to the ancient vse WHen an Esquier commeth to the Court to receiue this Order of Knighthood in time of peace according to the custome of England he shall be very nobly receiued by the officers of the Court as the Steward of Chamberlane if they be present or otherwise by the Marshals and Vshers and there shall be ordayned two Esquiers of honour wise and well learned in courtesie and nurture as also in feates of Chiualry and they shall be Esquiers and Gouernours of all which pertaineth to him who receiueth the order abouesaid and if the Esquier doe come before dinner hee shall serue the King of water or with a dish at the first course onely and then the Esquiers gouernours shall leade the Esquier that is to be Knighted into his chamber without any more adoe at that time and towards euening the Esquiers gouernours shall send for a Barber and hee shall prepare a Bath decked with linnen aswell within the Tubbe as without and that the tubbe be well couered with carpets and mantels for the colde of the night and then the beard of the Esquier shal be shauen and his haire rounded This done the Esquiers gouernours shall goe to the King and say Sir it is euening and the Esquier is readie at the Bathe when it shall please ye Whereupon the King shal command his Chamberlaine to conuey to the chamber of the Esquier the most gentle and wisest Knights that are then present to enforme counsell and instruct him in the order and feates of Chiualrie and likewise that the other Esquiers of that house with minstrelsie doe goe before the Knights singing playing and dancing to the chamber doore of the said Esquier And when the Esquiers gouernours doe heare the noyse of Musicke they shall vncloth the Esquier and put him naked into the Bath But at the entring of the chamber the Esquiers gouernours shall cause the musicke to cease and the Esquiers also for a time This done the Knights shall enter into the chamber still without making any noyse and then the Knights shall doe reuerence one to the other who shall be the first to counsell the Esquier in Order of the Bath and when they are agreed then the first shal go to the Bath and kneeling downe before the tubbe shal say secretly Sir great honour may this Bath be vnto you and then he sheweth him the maner of the Order that best he can and then putteth some of the water of the Bath vpon the shoulder of the Esquier and taketh leaue and the Esquiers gouernours shall attend on each side of the Bath themselues and after that same maner shall all the other Knights do one after another till they haue all done and then the Knights depart out of the chamber for a season This done the Esquiers gouernours doe take the Esquier out of the Bath lay him in his bed till he be dry which bed ought to be simple without curtens and being dry he shal rise out of his bed and apparelled somewhat warme because of the coldnes of the night and ouer all his apparell he shal weare a coat of Russet cloth with long sleeues after the manner of an Hermit with an hood The Esquier being out of the Bath and made readie the Barber shall take away the Bath and all that is about the same aswell within as without and take them for his fees and likewise the Coller if hee be an Earle Baron Banneret or Bachelor Knight according to the custome of the Court This done the Esquiers gouernours shall open the chamber doore and let the Knights enter in to leade the Esquier to the Chappell And when they are entred the Esquiers singing and dauncing shall be brought before the Esquier with their melodie to the Chappell And when they are entred into Chappell then spices and wine shall be giuen to the sayd Knights and Esquiers And the Esquiers gouernours shall lead the Knights before the Esquier to take their leaues And he shall thanke them altogether for their trauell honor and courtesies And so they depart after whom the Esquiers gournours shall shut the doore and let no man tarie in the Chappell except the Esquiers his gouernours the Priests Chandler and Watch. And so he shall remaine in the Chappell till it be almost day alwayes in prayer desiring God to blesse and increase his grace in him to giue him power and comfort to take this high temporall dâ—gnitie to the honour and prayse of him the holy Church and order of Knighthood And when day appeareth they shal cause the Priest to say prayers and communicate if he will And from the entring of the Chappell doore hee shall haue a candle of waxe borne before him Prayers being begunne one of the Gouernours
be a Knight of the Garter a Knight of the Priuie counsel or a Lord by office then it may be permitted Noblemen to mourne because they are reputed persons honourable and in pari dignitate for as hath bene formerly sayd Dignitas Nobilitas idem sunt Barthol de dig Nota That an Officer of Armes weareth the Kings coate at th'enterrements of Noblemen and others of dignitie and Worship not onely for the ordering of the funerals and marshalling of the degrees as aforesayd but to the intent that the defunct may be knowen to all men to haue died honourably in the Kings allegeance without spot of infamie or other disworship to his Name Blood Family And that his heire if he haue any or next of whole blood or some one for him which commonly is the chief mourner may publikely receiue in the presence of all the mourners the Coate armor Helme Creast and other Atchieuements of honour belonging to the defunct whereof the King of Armes of the Prouince is to make record with the defuncts march issue and decease for the benefit of posterity CHAP. 28. Of Monuments and Epitaphes NOw to close vp these discourses of Honour and humane glory it shall not be impertinent to wish that among other things whereby the memory of Noble Princes and other great personages is preserued that some care were also had to saue their Tombes and places of buriall from ruine and violation A matter of more consequence then euery one marketh yet necessary to be looked vnto both for publique and priuate respects Marcus Tullius in his Oration against Varro telleth how Scipio did thinke Portratures Pictures and other Monuments were deuised to ornifie Temples Cities and Princes pallaces In an other place also he saith they were made to retaine in memory the excellent Actions of such men as had liued honourably and died vertuously Another respect publique to continue Monuments in reputation is that thereby diuers Arts of good qualitie as Grauing Caruing Masonry Painting Imbossing and other commendable knowledges be exercised For by such industry many princely buildings be beautified and many Artificers doe aspire to great fame and riches as Teledius and Theodorus his brother Lysias and Mentor who framed the portraitures of Iupiter Capitolinus and Diana Ephesia for which labour the Poet Iuuenal vouchsafed him this commendation Multus vbique labor rarae sine Mentore mensae But that which perswadeth me most to allow and commend the Sciences of sculpture and worke grauen is this Wee finde in holy Scripture how Besaleel the sonne of Vri and Ooleab the sonne of Achimesech receiued from God the Spirit of knowledge how to make all manner of grauen workes in gold siluer and other mettals as appeareth in Exod cap. 35. Seeing then that these Arts of pourtraying painting and sculpture are by so great authoritie approued in vaine it seemeth to remember the praises which profane Histories haue giuen to Phidias for making the portraiture of Iupitre Olympius or Archesilaus that graued the Image of Diana workes of more excellencie then can be expressed The like praise is written of Lysippus whose hand onely was permitted to make the pourtraiture of Alexander the Great as Horace seemeth to affirme Edicto vetuit ne quis se praeter Apellem Pâ—ngeret autalius Lysippo duceret aera Fortis Alexandri vultum simulantia The Lawes Ciuil hauing regard to the preseruation of monuments did prouide that if any bondman or other seruant doe breake or deface any Tombe or other funerall monument he shal be condemned to the galley or forced to grind in a mill the fact being done by his owne election But if he were thereunto commanded then he shal be banished only And who so doeth conuey or take away a part or peece of any tombe or graue the same shal be confiscate vnto the Prince 2. of Cod. If a Iudge or other Magistrate be informed of any such fact and doeth not punish the offender he shall forseit twenty pound in gold and euery person hauing committed such a crime shall pay ten pound in golde and endure such punishments as the lawes haue prescribed Cod. 3. Note also that euery offence of this qualitie is reputed equall to periâ—rie and whoso purloyneth any thing appertaining to a graue or place â— sepulture shal be deemed guiltie both of theft and sacrilege So doth it appeare that the violation of Monuments funerall hath euâ— beene reputed a crime infamous and euery generous minde desiring eternize the memory of his owne vertue or the honour of his noble Acestors cannot endure so great indignity for as infamous persons enâ—â—uour to bury their vices in obliuion so excellent spirits doe care that â—e fame of vertue may continue euer saying with the Christian Poet Tradite me famae ne prorsus inutilis olim Vixisse videar pereamque in funere totus The Kings of Turky notwithstanding their misbeleefe and barbâ—â— me haue by law commanded that no man vpon paine of death shal breâ— the tombe of any Turke Moore Iewe Arabian Persian Gentile or Clâ—tian and that law is most strictly obserued for when Soliman Emperorâ—â—urks marched with his Army into Egypt passing through Iudaea 〈◊〉 of his Souldiers neere vnto the city of Gaza did breake open the â—aue of a certaine Physician supposing to find treasure for which fact â—the Emperors commandement they were apprehended and fourteâ— of them hanged and three others pierced through their bodies with 〈◊〉 as persons that had committed sacrilege The same Emperor also comming into a Chappell at 〈◊〉 where the monument of Godfrey of Bouillon remaineth and thereupon this inscription commanded that no stone thereof should be taken or touched Hie iacet inclytus Dux Godfrey Duc de Bouillon qui totam istam terram acquisiuit cultui cuius anima regnet cum Christo Amen And sith we are here occasioned to speake of these matters it shall not be amisse to say somewhat of Epitaphs being indeed Monuments of no lesse glory and perpetuity then the greatest Obeliskes and Pyramides of the world Of Epitaphs be diuers kindes some are praiseworthy some partiall some inuectiue some conceited some Poeticall and some Morall according to the sundry humors and passions of seuerall writers The ancient Romanes did make their Epitaphs briefe plaine and true vsing onely a few letters for wordes but in these our dayes no wordes are thought praises enough nor no praises can suffice vnlesse they do exceed My selfe haue seene Epitaphs wherein an ordinarie Orator hath beene compared to Cicero a meane Poet to Virgil and an audacious captaine to Caesar Pompey Scipio Cyrus and all the Worthies Iulius Caesar had no Epitaph at all but vnder his pourtraiture some fewe â—nscriptions as this Parenti optimè merito And on the tombe of Pompey the Great were these wordes onely Hic situs est magnus P. Of Cyrus thus Quisquis es mortalium vndecunque aduenis aduenturum enim te scio Cyrus â—um qui Persis imperium quaesiui Hoc igitur humi paululum quo meum corpus obâ—egitur mihi ne inuideas Plutarch Also of Scipio onely these few words are â—ound Deuicto Hannibale capta Carthagine aucto Imperio hoc cineres marmore tectos habes Cui non Europe non obstitit Africa quondam Respice res bominum quà m breuis vtna premit And of later time for Charles the fifth it was likewise sayd Liquisti exuuias gelido sub marmore sed non Quantùm Caesar eras marmor vrna capit Pro tumulo ponas orbem pro tegmine coelum Pro facibus stellas pro imperio empyreon Aepitaph sayth Garzon should remember the name of the defunct and progenie truely his countrey and quality briefly his life and vertues â—destly and his end Christianly exhorting rather to example then vaine 〈◊〉 And thus much concerning Epitaphs the kinds whereof being diuâ— and the examples infinite we will therefore conclude with one general Nascendo morimur vita altera morte paratur Vita haec mors mortis funera finis erunt Or thus â—uid Omnia Si Nihil cur Ominia â—â—id Omnia Nihil Nihil vt Omnia FINIS