Sheafield Sheafiâ—ld the Staple-town for Knives and has been so these three hundred years Witness that Verse of Chaucer's A Sheffield whittle bare he in his hose Many of the Talbots Earls of Shrewsbury are here interr'd particularly George the first of that name and title who dy'd the 26th of July 1538. and his grandson of the same name to whose custody Mary Q. of Scots was committed the date of whose death is now inserted upon the Tomb xviii Novembris anno redemptionis Christi MDLXXXX which is the more worthy our observation because it was deficient in that part when Sir William Dugdale publish'd his * Vol. 1. p. 334. Baronage His son Gilbert likewise interr'd here gave 200 l. per An. to the poor of Sheafield where his great grandson erected a stately Hospital with this Inscription The Hospital of the Right Honourable Gilbert Eâ—rl of Shrewsbury erected and setled by the Right Honourable Henry Earl of Norwich Earl Marshal of England Great grand child of the aforesaid Earl in pursuance of his last Will and Testament Anno Dom. 1673. The Manour of Sheafield is descended from the said Earl Marshal to the present Duke of Norfolk The Castle mention'd by our Author was built of stone in the time of Henr. 3. and was demolisht when other Castles also were order'd to be ras'd after the death of King Charles the first Here it was or in the Manour-house in the Park that Mary Queen of Scots was detain'd Prisoner in the custody of George Duke of Shrewsbury between sixteen and seventeen years Concerning the vast Oak tree growing in this Park I refer the Reader to Mr. Evelyn's account of it Before the river Don comes to Rotheram it passes close by a fair Roman fortification call'd Temple-Brough Temple-Brough The North-east corner of it is worn away by the river the area is about 200 paces long and 120 broad besides the agger and without it is a very large Trench â—37 paces deep from the middle of the Rampire to the bottom On the outside of it is another large bench upon which are huge trees and upon the side of the bench of the high-way there grew a Chesnut-tree that had scarce any bark upon it but only upon some top-branches which bore leaves It was not tall but the Bole could scarcely be fathom'd by three men On the North-side of the river over aginst Temple-brough is a high Hill call'd Winco-bank Wâ—â—â—â—-bâ—â—â— from which a large bank is continu'd without interruption almost five miles being in one place call'd Danes-bank And about a quarter of a mile South from Kemp-bank over which this Bank runs there is another agger which runs parallel with that from a place call'd Birchwood running towards Mexburgh and terminating within half a mile of its West-end as Kemp-bank runs by Swinton to Mexburg more North. d Below upon the same river lyes Rotheram 〈…〉 famous as for the birth of Thomas Rotheram so also for that of the learned and judicious Dr. Robert Sanderson late Bishop of Lincoln Near which is Thribergh the Seat of Sir William Reresby 〈◊〉 Baronet e Not far from hence is Connisborough Câ—â—â—â—◠〈◊〉 Wâ—â—â—â— the birth-place of Richard Plantagene Duke of York grandson to King Edward 3. and grandfather to King Edw 4. who tampering too soon for the Crown was beheaded by King Henry 5. The Castle here hath been a large strong built Pile whereof the out-walls are staâ—ding situate on a pleasant ascent fâ—om the river but mâ—ch over-topp'd by a high hill on which the town stands Before the gate is an agger by tradition said to be the burying place of Hengist In the Church-yard under the wall lyes a very ancient stone of blue marble with antique figures upon it one representing a man with a target encountâ—ing a vast winged Serpent with a man bearing a target behind him It is ridg'd like a Coffin on which is engraven a man on horseback curiously cut but very ancient f Nigh this town is Carhouse Caâ—â—â—â—â—â— the Seat of John Gill Esq High-Sheriff of the County A. D. 1692. and above three miles off is Aston Aâ—â—â—â— the ancient Seat of the Lord D' Arcys now Earls of Holderness g Going along with the river 〈◊〉 we come to Doncaster where in St. George's Church the only one in the town is interr'd Thomas Ellis five times Mayor and a Benefactor founder of an Hospital call'd St. Thomas the Apostle and one Byrks that gave Rossington-wood to the publick with this uncouth Inscription upon his Tomb. Howe Howe Who is heare I Robin of Doncastere and Margaret my feare that I spent that I had that I gave that I have that I left that I lost A. D. 1579. Quoth Robertus Byrkes who in this world did reign threescore years and seven and yet lived not one This place since our Author's time hath afforded the title of Viscount to James Hay Baron of Sauley created 16 Jac. 1. and afterwards in the 20th year of the same King made Earl of Carlisle and was succeeded in his estate and titles by James his son who dy'd without issue Whereupon in the 15th of Car. 2. James Fitz-Roy Baron of Tindale was created Earl of Doncaster and Duke of Monmouth h Thence Done runneth by Whâ—atley Wâ—â—â— the Seat of Sir George Cook Baronet whose uncle Bryan Coâ—k Eâ—â— gave by Will A. 1660. the whole Rectory of Arkâ—â—y to five Trustees for the payment of so much to the Vicar there as with his ancient stipend of 12 l. 13 s. 4 d. will amount to 100 l. per Ann. He gave also 40 l. per An. to a School-master to instruct the poor of the Parish and 60 l. for the building of a Hospital for twelve of the ancientest poor which receive each 5 l. per An. His brother Sir George Cook Baronet gave by Will 1683. 200 l. and two Cottages for building of a fair School-house Scarce two miles from Arksey Aâ—â—â—â— lyes Adwick in the street memorable on this account that Mrs. Anne Savill a Virgin Benefactor yet living daughter of John Savill of Medley Esq purchas'd the Rectory thereof for which she gave about 900 l. and has settl'd it in the hands of Trustees for the use of the Church for ever and this from a generous and pious principle upon the reading of Sir Henry Spelman's noted Treatise De non temerandis Ecclesiis Mr. Joshua Brook the present Incumbent has erected this Inscription over the door of the Parsonage-house built from the foundation at his own charge Rectoria de Adwick accessit Clero ex donatione Dnae Annae Savile ex prosapiâ Savillorum de Mâ—thley oriundae i The next place of note is Hatfield-chace where Cadwallin King of the Britains the 〈…〉 printed Bede calls him Carduella but Ceadwalla seems to be the right as it is in a MS. Bede now in the hands of Mr. Thoresby of Leeds with Penda Pagan King of Mercia in
Marshal is in the first of King John and hath also a reference to the time of King Henry the first in this Charter where King John confirmeth the office of Marshal unto William Marshal Earl of Pembroke in these words Johannes Dei gratiâ c. Sciatis nos concessisse presenti nostrâ carta confirmasse dilecto fideli nostro Willielmo Marescallo Com. de Pembroco haeredibus suis Magistratum Marescalciae curiae nostrae quem Magistratum Gilbertus Marescallus Henrici Regis avi Patris nostri Joannes filius ipsius Gilberti disrationaverunt coram praedicto Rege Henrico in Curiâ suâ contra Robertum de Venoiz contra Willielmum de Hastings qui ipsum magistratum calumniabantur hoc judicio quia defecerunt se à recto ad diem quem eis constituerat praedictus Rex Henricus in Curiâ suâ sicut carta ipsius Regis quam vidimus testatur Here is to be noted out of these authentick Records there were Marshals in the time of King Henry the first answerable in time to the first Marshals of France that there were more Marshals than one and that William Marshal Earl of Pembroke had only Magistratum Marescalciae Curiae that is Marshal of the King's House which office was so long invested in that family that it gave them a sirname as also to other families which have been Marshals in great houses And lastly that it was given to William Marshall and his heirs and so it was chalenged by them as hereditary Nevertheless it is certain that the next succeeding King Henry the third took away that office from Richard Marshall the son of the said William for among the grievances of the said Richard he complained as appeareth in the History of Thomas Rudborne that the King in these terms spoliavit me officio Marescalciae quod haereditariò ad me pertinet possedi nec aliquo ad illud me restituere voluit requisitus Happily upon this ground which Rigordus the French Historian writeth in this age of the Marshalship of France Haereditaria successio in talibus officiis locum non habet And after he was dead and his brethren his five sisters and coheirs which as appeareth by the partition had every one a thousand five hundred and twenty pounds yearly rent began to contend about the office of the Marshalship and the Mannor of Hamsted-Marshal in the county of Berkshire belonging to the same but Roger Bigod son of the eldest daughter with great difficulty obtained the same For as Matthew Paris writeth 1246. Multiplicatis intercessionibus concessa est Marescalcia cum officio honore Comiti Rogero Bigod ratione Comitissae filiae Comitis magni Willielmi Marescalli primogenitae matris suae His nephew Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk was enforced to surrender to King Edward the first this office with all his inheritance in England Ireland and Wales for certain insolencies against the King and this Roger or his Unkle Roger was he which first stiled himself as pride is highest when downfall nearest Marescallus Angliae whereas all his Predecessors used no other stiles than the simple addition of Marescallus as Gulielmus Richardus Gilbertus Marescallus Comes Pembrociae And no doubt but as the greatness of William Marshall the elder called the Great Earl which he had gotten in the minority of King Henry the third gave the first greatness to this office so there was a far greater access of dignity thereunto when King Edward the second granted to Thomas of Brotherton his half Brother a Prince of the blood the lands of Bigod and shortly after the office of Marshalship with the rights thereunto belonging and performing the service accordingly After the death of Thomas of Brotherton we find William Montacute Earl of Sarum Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick Henry Lord Piercy John Fitz-Alane Lord Matravers Thomas Holland Earl of Kent and then Thomas Mowbray right heir unto Brotherton had the office of Marshall of England with the name stile title state and honour granted unto him in the 20th year of King Richard the second de assensu Parliamenti sibi haeredibus suis masculis de corpore Yet nevertheless the next year after he being banished it was granted to Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey as amply as it was to him that he might as well bear in the presence and absence of the King a Rod of Gold enameled at both ends with the King's Arms in the upper end and his own in the lower end Afterwards according to the alteration of times sometimes to the Mowbrays and the Howards descended from them sometimes others by interruptions upon sundry occasions enjoyed the same dignity What belonged to that office anciently I have read nothing but that at a coronation of King Richard the first William Marshal Earl of Pembroke carried the Royal Scepter which had the Cross on the top and at the coronation of Queen Eleanor Wife to King Henry the third the Marshal carried a Rod before the King made way both in Church and Court and ordered the Feast as Matthew Paris writeth There is a Treatise carried about the Office of the Earl Marshall in the time of King Henry the second and another of the time of Thomas of Brotherton where I find confusedly what belonged to them in court and camp as in court that at the Coronation the Marshall should have the King's horse and harness and the Queen's palfrey that he should hold the Crown at the Coronation that he should have upon high feasts as the high Usher the tablecloths and cloth of state for that day that he keep the hall in quiet that he should bring offenders within the Verge before the high Steward that he should assign lodgings and when the King passed the sea each man to his ship that he should have for his livery three winter robes at Christmas and three summer robes at Whitsuntide that he should allow but twelve common women to follow the Court in which service I suppose he had Hamo de Gaynton his substitute which was called Marescallus meretricum by which service he held the mannor of Cateshall in the County of Surrey that he should have a Deputy in the Kings-Bench that he should keep Vagabonds from the Court. In Camp that he should lead the forward that the Constable with him should hold courts in camp that he should have certain special forfeitures as armour and weapons of Prisoners to appoint lodgings to be abroad till all be lodged to have fees of armourers and victuallers of the camp to have all the armour and whole cloth of towns taken by composition to have ransom of Prisoners escaped if they be taken again with many such like too long here to be specified and in peace and war the Marshal should execute the Constables commandments in Arrests and Attachments and that appeareth by the process between Grey and Hastings In the second statute of Westminster held 13 Ed. I. when many grievances of the
Walter his brother Earl of Pembroke Anselme his brother Earl of Pembroke Roger Bigot Earl of Norfolk Roger his brother's son Earl of Norfolk Roger Lord Clifford Nicolas Lord Segrave Thomas Brotherton son to King Edward the first Earl of Norfolk William Montacute Earl of Sarisbury Thomas Beauchamp the elder Earl of Warwick Edmund Mortimer Earl of March Henry Lord Percye John Fitz-Alan Lord Maltravers Thomas Holland Earl of Kent half Brother to King Richard the second Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey John Montacute Earl of Sarisbury Ralph Nevill Earl of Westmoreland Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham John his brother Duke of Norfolk John Holland Earl of Huntingdon John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk John Mowbray his son Duke of Norfolk Richard son of King Edward the fourth Duke of York and Norfolk Thomas Grey Knight John Howard Duke of Norfolk William Marquiss Berkeley and Earl of Nottingham Henry Duke of York son to King Henry the seventh Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey afterwards Duke of Norfolk Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset John Dudley Duke of Northumberland Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk restored Thomas Howard his Nephew late Duke of Norfolk George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury Robert Devreux Earl of Essex descended from Eva de Breosa daughter and co-heir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke by the Bohunes Earls of Hereford and Essex and from Ralph Bigot brother unto Roger Bigot Marshal by Lacy Verdon and Crophul Under what Sign Bri ain lyes SOme will perhaps expect to be informed under the influence of what sign and planet this Britain of ours lyes To satisfie such curious inquirers for I have took some pains about those learned errors I will say something though the conjectures of Astrologers is so different in this point that the variety of opinions may seem to shake the reality of the thing it self and leave no room for truth M. Manilius an ancient Poet intimates that Capricorn presides here in that verse of his Tu Capricorne regis quicquid sub sole cadente Expositum Thou Capricorn presidest o're What e're lyes on the Western shore Ptolemy Albumazar and Cardan make Aries John de Muris would have Saturn the Frier Perscrutator Esquidus and Henry Silen make the Moon the ruling Planet because it is as they say in the seventh Climate Roger of Hereford Thomas of Ravenna a Philosopher and Hispalensis prefer Pisces To conclude Schonerus and Pitatus so that there 's no consent in this matter subject us to Gemini upon no better grounds than the rest Now by God's assistance I will begin my journey through the Counties of England in which according to the old way of prefacing before any work of difficulty was begun I wish good luck happiness success and fortune may attend me The â—â—thod In my Treatise of each County I will shew with as much plainness and brevity as I can who were the ancient inhabitants what was the reason of the name what are the bounds of the County the nature of the soil the places of greatest antiquity and most eminent at present and lastly who have been Dukes or Earls of them since the Norman Conquest In this succession I have here drawn of the Earls to own ingenuously what assistance I have had from others I must freely acknowledge that Thomas Talbot who has been very accurate in perusing the Records of the Tower and is really a compleat master of our Antiquities has given me great light And now I will begin this work at the remotest point westward that is at Cornwall and thence will proceed to a survey of the other Counties in imitation of Strabo Ptolemy and the most ancient Geographers who in their descriptions always begin at the most Western parts as first from the great Meridian THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES CORNWALL By Robert Morden DANMONII THAT Tract which according to Geographers is as it were the first of all Britain reaching out a long way towards the West is contracted by little and little and bounded on the North by the Severn-Sea on the South by the British Ocean and on the West by S. George's Channel It was formerly inhabited by those Britains called in Solinus Dunmonii in Ptolemy Damnonii or as they are more correctly term'd in other Copies Danmonii Which * The most natural Original is from dun which from several instances of Towns ending in dunum appears to have signified a Hill and Moina Mines as if one should say Hills of Tinn-mines for which no doubt it was anciently much more noted than upon any other account and so most like to take its name from thence name if it be not deriv'd from the inexhaustible mines of tinn found in those parts and call'd by the Britains Moina does probably come from dwelling under mountains For through the whole County they live low and in valleys a way of dwelling which the Britains call Danmunith in which sense the very next Shire is term'd by them Duffneint i.e. low valleys at this day But whether the Ostidamnii Ostidamnii called also Ostaei and Ostiones and mention'd by Strabo out of Pithaeas of Marseills be the same with our Danmonii I would desire the Antiquaries to consider a little more narrowly For as they tell us they were seated in the remotest parts of Europe upon the Western Ocean over against Spain not far from the Island Ushant or Uxantissa All which circumstances do exactly agree to this country of the Danmonii And further since by Artemidorus those Ostiones are called Cossini as Stephanus in his Book De Urbibus has hinted I would entreat them to consider whether instead of Cossini Cossini we ought not to read Corini for this Country is also call'd Corini After the same manner †Quintil. Institut l. 1. cap. 4. And to the same purpose Livy lib. 3. Et Titum Veturium Geminum sive ille Vetusius fuit Fusii is read for Furii and Valesii or Valerii If the Geographers exclude the Ostidamnii and Cossini from this place it will be extreme hard to find any other upon the Western Ocean to settle them in Their bounds however are divided at this day into two parts Cornwal and Devonshire of which in their turns ‖ Pancirollus in his Comment upon the Notitia p. 177. thinks that the Tribunus Cohortis Cornoviorum should be read Cornubiorum and so would make that one of the Roman names of this place how truly let other judge CORNWALL CORNWALL call'd also by modern Writers in Latin Cornubia reaches out to the West the farthest of all Britain and is inhabited by those remains of the Britains which Marianus Scotus calls Western Britains By them in the British tongue for they have not yet quite lost their ancient language it is call'd Kernaw as lessening by degrees like a horn and on every side running out into Promontories like so many horns For the Britains call
this city being both besieg'd and storm'd first surrender'd it self to the Saxons and in a few years as it were recovering it self took the new name of Akmancester q and grew very splendid For Osbrich in the year 676. built a Nunnery and presently after when it came into the hands of the Mercians King Offa built another Church but both were destroy'd in the Danish Wars r Out of the ruins of these there grew up another Church dedicated to S. Peter to which Eadgar sirnam'd the Peaceful because he was there inaugurated King granted several immunities the memory whereof the inhabitants still keep up by anniversary sports In the times of Edw. the Confessor as we read in Domesday-book it gelded for 20 Hides when the Shire gelded There were 64 Burgesses of the King 's and 30 of others But this flourishing condition was not lasting for presently after the Norman Conquest Robert Mowbray nephew to the Bishop of Constance who rais'd a hot rebellion against William Rufus plunder'd and burn'd it But it got up again in a short time by the assistance of John de Villula of Tours in France who being Bishop of Wells did as Malmesbury informs us y Malmesbury has it quingentis libris i.e. 500 pounds for five hundred marks purchase the city of Henry 1. whither he translaâ—ed his See z He was only stil'd Bâ—shop of Bath subscribing himself commonly Joannes Lathon as Doctor Gaidot in his MS. history of the place has prov'd by several instances tho' still retaining the name of Bishop of Wells and built him here a new Cathedral But this not long ago being ready to drop down Oliver King Bishop of Bath laid the foundation of another near it exceeding large and stately which he well-nigh finish'd And if he had quite finish'd it without all doubt it had exceeded most Cathedrals in England But the untimely death of that great Bishop with the publick disturbances 38 And the suppression of Religious houses ensuing and the avarice of some persons who as t is said converted the money gather'd thro' England for that end to other uses envy'd it this glory s However from that time forward Bath has been a flourishing place both for the woollen manufacture and the great resort of strangers 39 For health twice a year and is now encompass d with walls wherein they have fix'd some ancient images and Roman Inscriptions to evidence the Antiquity of the place but age has so wore them out that they are scarce legible And lest any thing should be wanting to the Dignity of Bath Earls of Bath it has honour'd some of the Nobility with the title of Earl For we read that Philebert de Chandew born in Bretagne in France had that title conferr'd upon him by King Henry 7. Afterwards King Henry 8. in the 28th year of his reign created John Bourchier Lord Fitz-Warin Iâ—quis 31 Hen. 8. Earl of Bath 40 Who dyed shortly after leaving by his wife the sister of H. Daubenâ—y Earl of Bridgewater John second Earl of this family who by the daughter of George Lord Roos had John Lord Fitz-Warin who deceased before his father having by Frances the daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of Hengrave Wâ—lliam now third Earl of Bathe who dying in the 31 year of the same King was succeeded by John his son who dy'd in the third year of Queen Elizabeth He before the death of his father had John Lord Fitz Warin from whom is descended William the present Earl of Bath who every day improves the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning ss Geographers make the Longitude of this City to be 20 degrees and 56 minutes the Latitude 51 degrees and 21 minutes For a conclusion take if you please those Verses such as they are concerning Bathe made by Necham who flourish'd 400 years ago Bathoniae thermas vix praefero Virgilianas Confecto prosunt balnea nostra seni Prosunt attritis collisis invalidisque Et quorum morbis frigida causa subest Praevenit humanum stabilis natura laborem Servit naturae legibus artis opus Igne suo succensa quibus data balnea fervent Aenea subter aquas vasa latere putant Errorem figmenta solent inducere passim Sed quid sulphureum novimus esse locum Scarce ours to Virgil's Baths the preference give Here old decrepit wretches find relief To bruises sores and ev'ry cold disease Apply'd they never fail of quick success Thus human ills kind nature does remove Thus nature's kindness human arts improve They 're apt to fancy brazen stoves below To which their constant heat the waters owe. Thus idle tales deluded minds possess But what we know that 't is a sulph'ry place Take also if you think them worth your reading two ancient Inscriptions lately digg'd up upon the high-way below the city in Waldcot-field and remov'd by Robert Chambers a great admirer of Antiquities into his gardens where I transcrib'd them C. MVRRIVS C. F. ARNIENSIS FORO IVLI. MODESTVS MIL. LEG II. * Adjâ—â—â—â—cis prae â—licis AD. P. F. IVLI. SECVND AN. XXV STIPEND †Hic sâ—â— est H. S. E. DIS MANIBVS M. VALERIVS M. POL. EATINVS * C. EQ MILES LEG AVG. AN. XXX STIPEN X. H. S. E. I saw likewise these Antiquities fasten'd on the inner side of the wall between the north and west gates Hercules holding up his left hand with his Club in the right In a broken piece of stone is this writing in large and beautiful letters * Decâ—â—ioni DEC COLONIAE †Glevi 〈◊〉 Glocester GLEV. VIXIT AN. LXXXVI Next leaves folded in Hercules bending two snakes and in a sepulchral table between two little images one whereof holds an Amalthaean horn there is written in a worse character and scarce legible D. M. SVCC PETRONIAE VIXIT ANN. IIII. * Meâ—â— M. IIII. †Dies D. XV. EPO MVLVS ET VICTISIRANA ‖ Filix â—rissime â—cerunt FIL. KAR. FEC A little below in a broken piece of stone and large letters is VRN IOP Between the west and south gates Ophiucus enfolded by a serpent two men's heads with curl'd locks within the copings of the walls a hare running and underneath in a great stone this in letters a cross VLIA ILIA A naked man as 't were laying hands upon a soldier also between the battlements of the walls leaves two lying kissing and embracing each other a footman brandishing his sword and holding forth his shield another footman with a spear and these letters a-cross on a stone III VSA IS VXSC. And Medusa's head with her snaky hairs t Upon the same river Avon which is the bound here between this County and Glocestershire on the western bank of it is Cainsham Cainâ—â— so nam'd from Keina a devout British Virgin whom many of the last age through an over-credulous temper believ'd to have chang'd serpents into stones Serpeâ—â— stones because they find sometimes in
who was his Godfather See Bede lib. 4. c. 13. and upon Baptism gave him this token of adoption Their Country is now divided into three Hundreds with a very little change of the name Meansborow Eastmean o Weastmean is only a Tithing and not a Hundred as the other two Weastmean within which there is a rais'd hill surrounded at the top with a large trench and call'd Old Winchester where tradition tells us there was an ancient City but there is now not the least mark or sign of it so that one may easily imagine it to have been only a Roman Summer-Camp Below this lies Warnford Warnford where Adam de Portu a man of great wealth in those parts under William the Conqueror rebuilt the Church as we are taught by a rude distich fixed on the wall Addae hic portu benedicat solis ab ortu Gens Deo dicata per quem sic sum renovata Good folks in your devotions ev'ry day For Adam Port who thus repair'd me pray q More inward there border upon these the Segontiaci Segontiaci who submitted themselves to Caesar and inhabited the Northern limits of this County living in the Hundred of Holeshot in which we meet with Aulton a Market-town that King Alfred by will left to the Keeper of Leodre and Basingstoke Basingstoke that has a well-frequented market and a very neat Chapel dedicated to the Holy Ghost built by William the first Lord Sands who there lies bury'd Upon the roof of it the history of the Prophets Apostles and Disciples of Christ is very artificially describ d. Below this place Eastward lies Basing Baâ—ing famous for it's Lords of that Sirname St. Johns St. Johns Poinings and Powlets For when Adam de Portu Lord of Basing marry d the daughter and heir of Roger de Aurevall whose wife was the daughter and heir of the noble family of the St. Johns Out of 〈◊〉 old m 〈…〉 this 〈◊〉 then William son of the said Adam took the honorary title of St. John which was retain'd by his successors in a right line But when Edmund de St. John in the time of Edward 3. died without issue Margaret his sister marrying John de St. Philibert brought to him the whole estate of the Lords St. John She likewise dying without issue Isabel her other sister wife of * Sir Luke Hol. Luke Poynings had by him Thomas Lord of Basing whose grandchild Constantia by his son Hugh became heir to this part of the estate and being marry'd into the family of the Powlets was the great grandmother of that William Powlet Powlet who by K. Henr. 8. was made Baron St. John of Basing and by King Edward 6. Earl of Wiltshire and Marquess of Winchester and being Lord High Treasurer of England after he had in most troublesome times run through a course of the highest honours He lived â—â— years dy'd in a good old age a happiness that rarely attends Courtiers He built here a seat both for largeness and beauty wonderfully magnificent but which was so overpower'd by it's own weight that his posterity have been forc'd to pull down a part of it r Nigh this place we see The Vine Vines 〈◊〉 brought 〈◊〉 to Engâ—aâ—d a very neat house of the Barons of Sandes and so call'd from Vines which we have had in Britain more for shade indeed than fruit Vopiscus ever since the time of Probus the Emperor For 't was he that gave liberty to the Britains and some other nations to have Vines The first Baron of this family was †Sir William Hol. William Sandes Barons 〈◊〉 Sandes whom King Henry 8. advanc'd to that honour when he was his Chamberlain and had encreas'd his estate by marriage with Margery Bray daughter and heir of John Bray and Cousin of Reginald Bray Knight of the Garter and a most eminent Baneret To him was born Thomas Lord Sandes grandfather to William now living Nigh this place to the south-east lies Odiam Odiam now proud of a Palace of the King 's and once known for the prison of David 2. King of Scots It was formerly a free burrough of the Bishop of Winchester's Matth â—â—ris the Castle whereof in the reign of K. John was defended by 13 English for 15 days together against Lewis Dauphine of France who straitly besieged it with a great Army Higher up among the Segontiaci upon the Northern edge of the County lay the City of these Segontiaci Vindonum which losing it's old name Vindâ—â—â— took that of it's inhabitants as Lutetia in France borrow'd it's name from the Parisians For this place was call'd by the Britains Caer Segonte that is the City of the Segontians and so Ninnius terms it in his Catalogue of Cities we at this day call it Silcester Silcester and Higden seems to give it the name of Britenden from the Britains I am induc'd to call this place the Vindonum because it agrees with the distances of Vindonum from Gallena or Guallenford and from Vinta or Winchester in the Itinerary of Antoninus and the rather too because there is a military way still visible between this Silcester and Winchester Ninnius tells us this City was built by Constantius son of Constantine the Great and that it was once call'd Murimintum perhaps for Muri-vindun that is the Walls of Vindonum for the Britains retain the word Mure borrow'd from the Provincial language and the V consonant they often change into M in their pronunciation On the ground whereon this City was built I deliver Ninnius's words the Emperâ—r Constantius sow'd 3 grains of Corn that no poor person might ever inhabit there So Dinocrates at the building of Alexandria in Egypt as Ammianus Marcellinus has it strowed all the out-lines with †Farioâ— Wheat by which Omen he foretold that that City should always be supplied with plenty of provisions The same Author also reports that Constantius dy'd here and that his sepulchre was to be seen at the gate of the City as appear'd by the inscription But in these matters let Ninnius vindicate his own credit who indeed has stuff'd that little history with a great many trifling lies But thus much I dare affirm that this city was in great repute in that age and I myself have here found several coins of Constantine Junior son of Constantine the Great which on their reverse have the figure of a building and this inscription PROVIDENTIAE CAESS But all writers agree that Constantius whom Ninnius makes the builder of this city dy'd at Mopsuestia or Mebsete in Cilicia and was thence carry'd to the sepulchre of his Ancestors at Constantinople 〈…〉 I deny not but that a †sepulchre or honorary grave might be here made for the Emperor for such like ‖ Barrows of earth were often made in memory of the dead â—mulâ— â—orary 〈◊〉 or â—ows round which the souldiers had yearly their solemn exercises in
shut the gates against King Charles 1. when he laid siege to the place in the year 1643. Before that siege the City was adorn'd with eleven Parish-Churches but five of them were then demolish'd There is great provision for the poor by Hospitals particularly Bartholomew's Hospital maintains 54 poor men and women to whom there belongs a Minister Physician and Chirurgeon And Sir Thomas Rich Baronet a native of this place gave 6000 l. by Will for a Blewe-coat-Hospital wherein are educated 20 Boys 10 poor Men and as many Women maintain'd all cloath'd annually Besides these and three more there are many other Benefactions to encourage young Tradesmen and to place out boys Apprentices m As to this place being the seat of a British Bishop there is this farther confirmation that in the Hall of the Bishop's Palace is written Eldadus Episcopus Glocestrensis and Bishop Godwin says that Theonus was translated from Glocester to London in the year 553. n Just beyond Glocester the Severn passeth by Lanthony Lanthony a ruinated Priory built in the year 1136. as a Cell to that of St. John Baptist in Wales Above this on a little hill stood Newark-house which belong'd to the Prior and has been lately rebuilt by my Lord Scudamore the owner thereof o Below this the river Stroud Stroud runneth into the Severn upon which standeth a town of the same name famous for cloathing the water whereof is said to have a peculiar quality in dying Reds It is a market-town standing on the ascent of a hill snd is the chief residence of the Clothiers in these parts whose trade in this County amounts to 500000 l. per annum some making a thousand Cloaths a year for their own share Between this and Glocester standeth Paynswick Paynswick a market-town said to have the best and wholsomest air in the whole County and near it on the hill was Kembsborow-Castle Kembsborow Castle the fortifications and trenches whereof are still visible Beyond which lyeth Prinknersh once the mansion of the Abbot of Glocester a pleasant seat on the side of the hill 't is now the inheritance of John Bridgman Esq a descendant of Sir John Bridgman Lord chief Justice of Chester South of the river Stroud and not far from Minchin hampton a pretty market-town once belonging to the Nuns of Sion is Wood-chester Wood-chester famous for it's tesseraick work of painted beasts and flowers which appears in the Churchyard two or three foot deep in making the graves If we may believe tradition Earl Godwin's wife to make restitution for her husband's fraud at Barkley built a Religious-house here with those pretty ornaments that are yet to be seen p But now to return to our Author Barkley Barkley is the largest parish in the County and gives name to the greatest division The place is honour'd by giving title to George Earl of Barkley who hath a fair Castle here tho' not so large as formerly The little room where the unhappy King Edward was murder'd is still to be seen The Mayor here is only titular The manour of Kings-Weston tho' at 12 miles distance from Barkley is yet in the same Hundred and was as it appears by Domesday at and before the Conquest a parcel of the said manour of Barkley In the year 1678. it was purchas'd by Sir Robert Southwell who has there between the Avon and the Severn a very pleasant seat It hath a prospect into several Counties and the ships in Kings-road are at an easie distance The Southwells were formerly considerable in Nottinghamshire at the town of the same name from whence they removed into Norfolk In King James 1.'s time the eldest branch went into Ireland where the said Sir Robert enjoys a fair estate on the opposite shore to King-weston at King-sale and thereabouts q Alderly Alderly is now only famous for being the birth-place of Sir Matthew Hale Lord chief Justice of England who dying in the year 1676. lyeth buried in this Churchyard under a tomb of black marble r As Oldbury Oldbury in both parts of it's name carries something of antiquity so has it that title confirm'd to it by a large Campus major of the Roman Fortifications and where the Church now stands was the Campus minor there are in this County several more such s At a little distance from the Severn is Thornbury Thornbury only a titular Mayor-town The Castle design'd to be rebuilt had this Inscription This gate was begun 1511. 2 Hen. 8. by me Edward Duke of Buckingham Earl of Hereford Stafford and Northampton He was beheaded before he perfected his design for he had intended to make the Church at Thornbury Collegiate with Dean and Prebends They have here four small Alms-houses a Free-school and weekly market The most considerable Gentry heretofore paid an annual attendance at Thornbury-Court where the Abbot of Tewksbury was oblig d personally to say Mass t Puckle-Church Puckle-Church is now only a small village the seat of the Dennis's whose family have been 18 times High-Sheriff of this County Beyond this near Bristol lyeth Kingswood-forest Kingswoo◠formerly of a much larger extent but now drawn within the bounds of 5000 acres It consists chiefly of Coal-mines several Gentry being possessors of it by Patent from the Crown 'T is a controverted point whether it be a Forest or Chase for 't is said to have been dependant upon Micklewood that is now destroy'd Within it are two fine seats Barrs-Court in Bitton-parish belonging to Sir John Newton Baronet and Siston-house to Samuel Trotman Esquire Not far from Bristol lyeth Westbury Westbury upon Trin which river now is dwindled into a little brook Here was a famous College encompass'd with a strong wall built by John Carpenter Bishop of Worcester about the year 1443. who design'd to have been stil'd Bishop of Worcester and Westbury This with the adjacent Parishes in Glocestershire that lye round Bristol are under the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Bristol On the top of St. Vincent's Rocks S. Vincen◠Rocks near Bristol * Aubr M is a roundish fortification or Camp the rampire and graffe thereof not great for by reason of the nearness of the rock which is as hard as marble the ground is not easily digg'd Whether those rocks towards the top consist mostly of petrify'd pieces of wood as some are inclin'd to think let the Naturalists examine The precipice of the Rock over the river Avon has made all Works on the west-side needless About two miles from St. Vincent's rocks is Henbury Henbury †Ibid. where is a Camp with three rampires and trenches from which one may conclude it to have been done rather by the Britains than any other people u The Fortifications mention'd by our Author to be at Derham Derham are I suppose the same with that ‖ Mon. Ba◠MS. Mr. Aubrey has taken notice of upon Henton-hill in that parish It is call'd
the Church is roof'd with lofty Arches of square work †Pari commissura the joints answering one another but on both sides it is enclos'd with a double Arch of stones firmly cemented and knit together Moreover the Cross of the Church made to encompass the middle Quire of the ‖ Canentium Domino Singers and by its double supporter on each side to bear up the lofty top of the middle tower first rises singly with a low and strong arch then mounts higher with several winding stairs artificially ascending and last of all with a single wall reaches to the wooden roof well cover'd with lead But 160 years after Henry the third demolish'd this Fabrick of Edward's and erected a new one of curious workmanship supported by several rows of marble Pillars and leaded over which was fifty years in building This the Abbots very much enlarg'd towards the west and Henry the seventh for the burial of himself and * Suorum his children added to the east part of it a Chapel of a most neat and admirable contrivance call'd by Leland the miracle of the world for you 'd say that all the Art in the world is crowded into this one work wherein is to be seen his own most splendid and magnificent Monument made of solid brass q After the expulsion of the Monks it had several revolutions first it had a Dean and Prebendaâ—ies next one single Bishop Thomas Thurlbey who after he had squander'd away the revenues of the Church gave it up and surrender'd it 42 Surrender'd it to the spoil of Courtiers to the Dean Presently after the Monks and their Abbot were restor'd by Queen Mary but they being quickly ejected by Authority of Parliament Queen Elizabeth converted it into a Collegiate Church nay I may say a Nursery of the Church For she settl'd twelve Prebendaries as many old Souldiers past service forty Scholars calld King's Scholars sent successively to the Universities and thence transplanted into Church and State c. Over all these she constituted a Dean 43 Over these she plac'd Dr. Bill Dean whose Successor was which dignity not long since was honourably bore by Dr. Gabriel Goodman a person of singular worth and integrity and a particular Patron both to me and my studies There were bury'd in this Church to run over those likewise in order Princes bury'd in Westminster-Abbey and according to their Dignity and the time when they dy'd Sebert first 44 And first Christian King of the East-Angles Harold bastard-son of Canutus the Dane King of England St. Edward King and Confessor with his Queen Editha Maud wife to King Henry the first and daughter to Malcolm King of Scots Henry the third Edward the first his son with Eleanor his wife daughter to Ferdinand third King of Castile and Leon. King Edward the third and Philippa of Hanault his wife Richard the second and Anne his wife sister of the Emperour Wenzelaus Henry the fifth with his wife Catharine daughter of Charles the sixth King of France Anne wife of Richard the third and daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick Henry the seventh with his wife Elizabeth 45 Daughter to King Edward 4. and his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond K. Edward the sixth Anne of Cleve fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary and one not to be mention'd without the highest expressions both of respect and sorrow I mean our late most serene Lady Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory the darling of England a Princess endow'd with heroick Vertues Wisdom and a greatness of Mind much beyond her Sex and incomparably skill'd both in Things and Languages Here she lyes bury'd in a stately Monument erected for her out of a pious veneration by King James But alas how inconsiderable is that Monument in comparison of the noble qualities of so great a Lady She her self is her own Monument and a more magnificent and sumptuous one too than any other For let those noble actions recommend her to the praise and admiration of Posterity RELIGION REFORM'D PEACE ESTABLISHT MONEY REDUC'T TO ITS TRUE VALUE A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D REBELLION SUPPRESS'D ENGLAND FOR XLIIII YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRUDENTLY GOVERN'D ENRICHT AND STRENGTHEN'D SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED SPAIN AW'D IRELAND QUIETED AND THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL'D ROUND The Dukes and Lords that have been bury'd here are Edmund Earl of Lancaster younger son to King Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus Countess of Albemarle his wife William and Audomar de Valentia of the family of Lusignia Earls of Pembroke Alphonse John and other Children of K. Edward 1. John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall son of K. Edward 2. Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester youngest son of Edw. 3. with others of his children Eleanor daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex wife to Thomas de Woodstock the young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7. Henry young son of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old Sophia daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd ‖ Primo aetatis diluculo almost assoon as born Philippa Dutchess of York Lewis Viscount Robsert of Hanault in right of his wife Lord Bourchier Anne the young daughter and heir of John Moubray D. of Norfolk betroth'd to Rich. D. of York younger son to K. Edw. 4. 46 Sir Giles Daubeney Giles Daubeney Lord Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the family of the Arundels in Cornwall Viscount Welles Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk Mary her daughter Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenox grand-mother to James K. of Great Britain with Charles her son Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester Anne Stanhop Dutchess of Somerset and Jane her daughter Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford daughter of Baron Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England with her mother Mildred Burghley Elizabeth Berkley Countess of Ormond Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex 47 James Butler instead of Thomas Butler Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles son and heir of the Earl of Ormond Besides Humfrey Bourchier Lord Cromwell another 48 Sir Humfrey Bourchier Humfrey Bourchier son and heir of the Lord Berners both slain in Barnet-fight 49 Sir Nicholas Carew Baron Carew instead of Nicholas Baron Carew Nicholas Baron Carew the Baroness of Powis Thomas Baron Wentworth Thomas Baron Wharton John Lord Russel Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellour of England Douglasia 50 H. Howard Howard daughter and heir of Viscount Bindon wife of 51 Sir Arthur Gorges Arthur Gorge Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland wife of William Cecil 52 Sir John Puckering John Puckering Keeper of the Great Seal of England Frances Howard Countess of Hertford Henry and George Cary father and son Barons of Hunsdon and Lord Chamberlains to Q. Elizabeth the heart of Anne Sophia the young daughter of Christopher Harley Count de Beaumont Embassador in England from
excellent Library which Alcuin tells us was founded by his Master Archbishop Egelred The Monastery did not lye long till it rose again but the Cathedral lay neglected till Edw. 1.'s time and then it was begun by John Roman Treasurer of this Church and brought to that stately pitch we now see it of by his son John William Melton and John Thoresby all Archbishops nn together with the contributions of the Gentry thereabouts especially of the Percies and the Vavasors as the Arms of those families in the Church and their portraictures in the gate do shew The Percies are cut out with a piece of timber and the Vavasors with a stone in their hands in memory of the one's having contributed stone and the other timber â—â—â—ent p. p. 〈◊〉 1. to this new fabrick The church as we are told by the Author of the Life of Aeneas Silvius or Pope Pius 2. as he had it from his own mouth is famous for its magnificence and workmanship all the world over and for a lightsome Chapel with shining walls and small thin-wasted pillars quite round This is the beautiful Chapter-house where the following verse is writ in golden Letters Ut Rosa flos florum sic est Domus ista Domorum The chief of Houses as the Rose of flowers About the same time the Citizens began to fortifie themselves with new walls adding many towers for a farther security and made excellent laws for their government King Rich. 2. made it a County incorporate and Rich. 3. began to raise a new Castle in it from the ground That nothing might be wanting in the last age K. Hen. 8. established a Council or Senate here not unlike the Parliaments in France The Council established in the North. who were to judge of all suits arising within these northern parts and to decide them by the rules of right and equity This Court consists of a President and what number of Counsellors the King pleases with a Secretary and under-Officers Our Mathematicians have defined the Longitude of York to be 22 deg and 25 scr the Latitude 54 degr and 10 scr Thus far we have been describing the west part of this County and the City of York which neither belongs to this nor any other part of the Shire but enjoys its own Liberties and a jurisdiction over the neighbourhood on the west-side called the liberty of Ansty Ansty which some derive from Ancienty to denote its antiquity others more plausibly from the German word Anstossen implying a bound or limit I will conclude what I have said of this City with these verses written by J. Jonston of Aberdeen not long since Praesidet extremis Artoae finibus orae Urbs vetus in veteri facta subinde nova Romanis Aquilis quondam Ducibusque superba Quam pòst barbaricae diripuere manus Pictus atrox Scotus Danus Normannus Anglus Fulmina in hanc Martis detonuere sui Post diras rerum clades totque aspera fata Blandius aspirans aura serena subit Londinum caput est regni urbs prima Britanni Eboracum à primâ jure secunda venit O'er the last borders of the Northern land York's ancient towers tho' oft made new command Of Rome's great Princes once the lofty seat Till barbarous foes o'erwhelm'd the sinking state The Picts the Scots Danes Normans Saxons here Discharg'd the loudest thunder of the War But this once ceas'd and every storm o'erblown A happier gale refresh'd the rising town Let London still the just precedence claim York ever shall be proud to be the next in fame The Ouse being past York begins to be disturb'd with eddies or that whirl of waters which we call Higra and so marches by Bishops-Thorp Bishops-Thorpe that is the Bishop's Village formerly called S. Andrew's Thorpe till Walter Grey Archbishop of York purchased it and to bilk the King's Officers who are always ready to seise the Temporalities of Bishops when a See is vacant gave it to the Dean and Chapter of York upon condition they should always yield it to his successors Of whom Richard le Scrope Arch-bishop of York a hot man and still hankering after novelty and change was in this very place condemned of high treason by King Henry the fourth for his seditious practices oo Upon the same river stands Cawood Cawood the castle of the Archbishops which King Athelstan gave to the Church as I have been told Over against it on the other side the river is seated Rical where Harold Haardread arrived with a numerous fleet of the Danes From hence the Ouse runs to Selby a pretty populous little town and remarkable for Henry the first 's being born in it Here William the first his father built a Church in memory of St. German who quash'd the Pelagian Heresie notwithstanding like a Hydra it had frequently revived and struggl'd for life here in Britain The Abbots of this and of St. Maries at York were the only Abbots of these northern parts that could sit in Parliament pp At last the Ouse runs directly to the Humber 14 Leaving first Escricke a seat of the Lascelles sometimes to be remember'd for that K. James advanced Sir Thomas Knivet the owner therâ—of Lord Knivet to the honour of Baron Knivet of Escricke in the year 1607. passing in it's way by Drax Dâ—ax a little village formerly famous for a Monastery 15 Founded there by Sir William Painell where Philip de Tollevilla William Newbrigensis is my Author had a castle strongly situated in the midst of rivers woods and marshes and defended it against K. Stephen relying on the courage of his men and the great store of arms and provisions in the place however it was soon reduced into the King's power qq ADDITIONS to the West-riding of YORKSHIRE YORKSHIRE without any angular advantages extends into a square of fourscore and ten miles * 〈…〉 p. â—74 adequate in all its dimensions to the Dukedom of Wâ—rtenberg in Germany a Following the river Don we first come to Wortley Wortlâ—y the Issue-male of the family of which name expir'd in Sir Francis Wortley †Sid. Reports 315. who devis'd the greatest part of his estate to Anne Newcomen supposed to be his natural daughter the present wife of the Honourable Sidney Wortley Esq ‖ Dugd. Bar. 2 Vol. p. 445 second son of Edward Mountague Earl of Sandwich slain in the Dutch wars 28 May 1672. who in right of his said wife is Lord of Wortley b Not far from hence is Wentworth Wâ—ntworth Of the family of that name and place was the Right Honourable Thomas Viscount Wentworth Lord Lieutenant of Ireland created Earl of Strafford 15 Car. 1. and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter who being beheaded on Tower-hill 12 May 1641. lyeth here interr'd and was succeeded in his Honours by his son William the present E. of Strafford and Knight of the said noble Order c The Don carries us next to
a bloody battel slew Edwyn the first Christian King of Northumberland and Prince Offride his eldest son in the year 633. Here are many Firr-trees found in the ground and here was also the birth place of Prince William second son of K. Ed. 3. A. 1335. which the rather deserves our mention because by most Historians it is misplac'd at Hatfield in Hertfordshire but that it is an errour plainly appears by the Rolls which tell us that Queen Philippa gave 5 marks per An. to the neighbouring Abbot of Roch and 5 nobles to the Monks there to pray for the soul of this her son William de Hatfield which summs are transferr'd to the Church of York where he was buried and are to this day paid by the Earl of Devonshire to the Bishop and Dean and Chapter of York out of the Impropriation of the Rectory of Hatfield Near the town are many entrenchments as if some great army had been there encampt 'T is said that no Rats have ever been seen in this town nor any Sparrows at a place call'd Lindham in the Moors below it tho' it is a good earth for corn or pasture but encompast with a morass 〈◊〉 k Near the confluence of Don and Are is Cowick the pleasant Seat of the ancient family of the Dawneys which name occurs frequently amongst the Sheriffs of this County of which Sir John Dawney was by King Charles 2. advanc'd to the degree of Viscount Downe in the Kingdom of Ireland â—â—â—th l Not far from Nosthill is Hemsworth where Robert Holgate Arch-bishop of York depriv'd in the first of Queen Mary for being marry'd did An. 1544. found an Hospital for ten poor aged men and as many women who have each about 10 l. per An. and the Master who is to read Prayers to them betwixt 50 and 60 l. per An. He was likewise a Benefactor to if not Founder of the School there 〈◊〉 The Levels or Marshes mention'd by our Author especially eastward and north-east of Thorn a market town are generally a Turf-moor in other places intermix'd with arable and pasture grounds By reason of the many Meres it was formerly well-stor'd with f esh-water fish especially Eels and Fowl But in the reign of King Charles 1. several Gentlemen undertook to drain this morish and fenny country by drawing some large rivers with other smaller cuts There is an angle cut from about Thorne to Gowle which is ten miles in length and extraordinary broad As to what our Author observes of the ground being heav'd up Dr. Johnston affirms he has spoke with several old men who told him that the Turf-moor betwixt Thorn and Gowle was so much higher before the draining especially in winter-time than they are now that before they could see little of the Church-steeple whereas now they can see the Church-yard wall Under the Turf-earth and other grounds from one yard to two yards deep are frequently dug up great quantities of firr-wood and some oaks the wood of the latter being very black At low water the foresaid learned Doctor has often observ'd in the great cut to Gowle-sluce several roots of trees some very large standing upright others inclining to the east some of the trees have been found lying along with their roots fasten'd others seem'd as if cut or burnt and broke off from the roots Upon the digging of these large rivers there were found gates ladders hammers shoes nuts c. and the land in some places was observ'd to lay in ridges and furrows as if it had been plow'd Under some part of the Turf-more firm earth was found but in other places nothing but sand About thirty years since they met with the entire body of a man at the bottom of a Turf-pit about four yards deep with his head northward his hair and nails not decay'd Dr. Johnsâ—â—on has the hand and the arm to the elbow who by laying it in warm water softned it so tho' otherwise like tann'd leather that he took out the bones which were spungy 'T is said that in the cut-river to Gowle there was found a Roman Coyn either of Domitian or Trajan m After the river Don our next direction is the river Calder near which lyes Bradley Bradley famous for the nativity of Sir Henry Savil brother to Sir John mention'd by Mr. Camden Warden of Merton-College and Provost of Eaton the noble editor of St. Chrysostome n At some distance from this river is Halifax Halifax to which town and parish Mr. Nathaniel Waterhouse by Will dated the first of July 1642. was an eminent Benefactor †Extraâ—t of his Will by providing an House for the Lecturer an Hospital for 12 aged poor and a Work-house for 20 children the Overseer whereof is to have 45 l. per An. and a yearly Salary to the preaching Ministers of the 12 Chapelries which with moneys for repair of the banks amounts to 300 l. per Ann. Brian Crowther Clothier gave also 10 l. per An. to the poor and 20 l. per An. to the Free-school of Queen Elizabeth in the Vicarage of Halifax In this Church is interr'd the heart of William Rokeby of the Rokebys of Kirk-Sandal by Doncaster where he was born Vicar of Halifax and person of Sandall afterwards Bishop of Meath and Arch-biâ—hop of Dublin where dying the 29th of Nov. 1521. he order'd his bowels to be bury'd at Dublin his heart at Halifax and his body at Sandall and over each a Chapel to be built which was perform'd accordingly The vast growth and increase of this town may be guess'd at from this instance which appears in a MS. of Mr. John Brearcliff's of one John Waterhouse Esq born An. 1443. He was Lord of the Manour and liv'd nigh a hundred years in the beginning of whose time there were in Halifax but 13 houses which in 123 years were increas'd to above 520 householders that kept fires and answer'd the Vicar An. 1566. It is honour'd by giving title to the Right Honourable George Lord Savile of Eland Earl and Marquiss of Halifax and with the nativity of Dr. John Tillotson Arch-bishop of Canterbury So that this West-riding of Yorkshire has the honour of both the Metropolitans of our Nation Dr. John Sharp Archbishop of York being born in the neighbouring town and contiguous parish of Bradford where Mr. Peter Sunderland of an ancient family at High-Sunderland nigh Halifax besides other benefactions founded a Lecture and endow'd it with 40 l. per An. But nothing is more remarkable than their methods of proceeding against Felons The Law of Halifax which in short was this That if a Felon was taken within the Liberty with Goods stoln out of the Liberties or Precincts of the Forest of Hardwick he should after three Markets or Meeting-days within the town of Halifax next after his apprehension be taken to the Gibbet there and have his head cut off from his body But then the fact must be certain for he must either be taken
And although the city be naturally strong yet he increas'd both the strength and state of it by a wall for he built one all along from the Chancel of the Church to the tower of the castle which now begins by degrees to fall under the weight of age but never that I know of bore the brunt of an enemy For when David Brus King of Scots destroy'd all with fire and sword as far as Beaupark or Berepark â—epark which is a Park just under the city whilst Edward 3. â—346 was at the siege of Calis in France Henry Percy and William Zouch Archbishop of York with such troops as they could raise on a sudden encounter'd the Scots and charg'd them with that heat and bravery that they almost cut off the first and second battalions to a man took the King prisoner and put the third into such consternation that they fled with all the haste they could make their fear carrying them over the deepest precipices till they got again into their own country This was a remarkable engagement and to be reckon'd among the many bloody defeats we have given the Scots call'd by us The Battel of Nevill Cross For the greatest of the Scotch Nobility being slain here and the King himself taken they were forc'd to part with much ground hereabouts and yield up many Castles into our hands And this may suffice for Durham to which with the Reader 's leave I will add a distich of Necham's and an Hexastich of Jonston's and so conclude Arte situque loci munita Dunelmia salve Qua floret sanctae relligionis apex Hail happy Durham Art and Nature's care Where Faith and Truth at th' noblest height appear Vedra ruens rapidis modò cursibus agmine leni Seque minor celebres suspicit urbe viros Quos dedit ipsa olim quorum tegit ossa sepulta Magnus ubi sacro marmore Beda cubat Se jactant aliae vel relligione vel armis Haec armis cluit haec relligione potens Unequal Were as by her walls it runs Looks up and wonders at her noble sons Whom she gave life and now their death does mourn And ever weeps o'er Beda's sacred urn Let others boast of piety or war While she 's the care of both and both of her As for the Monks being turn'd out and twelve Prebendaries with two Archdeacons substituted in lieu of them as for the Prior's also being chang'd into a Dean I have nothing to say to them These are things sufficiently known to every body 1 And unwilling I am to remember how this Bishoprick was dissolv'd by a private Statute and all the possessions thereof given to Edward 6. when private greediness edg'd by Church-men did grinde the Church and withdrew match from God wherewith Christian piety had formerly honour'd God But Queen Mary repeal'd that Statute and restor'd the said Bishoprick with all the possessions and franchises thereof that God might enjoy his own It stands in 22 degr of Longitude and in 54 degr 57 min. of Latitude Beneath Durham not to omit this there stands eastward a very noble Hospital founded by Hugh * Pudsey an extraordinary rich Bishop and for some time Earl of Northumberland for Lepers and as Newbrigensis has it with great cost and expence yet upon some accounts not very honourable For to advance this charitable design he made use of his power to extort from other men when he was not willing to allow enough of his own to that work However he settled a very good allowance for maintaining sixty five Lepers besides Mass-priests From hence the Were is carry'd in a streighter course towards the north by Finchale Fin hale where in the reign of Henry 2. Godricus a man of ancient and Christian simplicity and wholly intent upon God and Religion led and ended a solitary life and was here buried in the same place where as William of Newburrow says he was wont in a fit of devotion to prostrate himself or to lye down in a fit of sickness This man grew into such admiration for this holy simplicity of his that R. brother to that rich Bishop Hugh Pudsey built a * Ecclesiola Chapel to his memory k Hence the Were runs by Lumley Lumley a castle with a Park quite round it the ancient seat of the Lumleys Barons Lumley who are descended from Liulphus a man of great Nobility in these parts in Edward the Confessor's time who married Aldgitha the daughter of Aldred Earl of Northumberland Of these Marmaduke took his mother's Coat of Arms in whose right he came to the rich inheritance of the Thwengs The Arms were In a field argent a fess Gules between three Poppinjays Vert whereas the Lumleys before that bore for their Arms Six Poppinjays argent in a field Gules For she was the eldest daughter of Marmaduke Thweng Lord of Kilton and coheir to Thomas Thweng her brother But Ralph the son of this Marmaduke was made the first Baron of Lumley by Richard 2. Which honour John the ninth from him enjoys at this day a man of accomplish'd virtue and integrity and now in his old age most honourable for all the ornaments of true nobility Opposite to this and not far from the river on the other side stands Chester upon the street Chester upon the street that is a castle or little city by the highway call'd in Saxon Concester d From an Altar found at Benwall in Northumberland 't is probable the Condercum was there that place being nearer ad Lineam Valli See Northumberland for which reason I have thought it the Condercum Condercum where upon the line of the Vallum the first wing of the Astures kept garrison in the Roman times as the Notitia tells us For it is but some few miles distant from the Vallum of which I shall treat hereafter The Bishops of Lindifarn liv'd retiredly here for 113 years with the body of S. Cuthbert in the time of the Danish wars In memory of which whilst Egelric Bishop of Durham was laying the foundation of a new Church there he digg'd up such a prodigious sum of money 2 Bury'd as 't is thought by the Romans that he left his Bishoprick as being now rich enough and so returning to Peterborough where he was Abbot before he made Causeys through the fens and did several other works not without very great expence Long after this Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham 3 And Patriarch of Jerusalâ—m founded a Collegiate Church a Deanry and seven Prebends here In this Church Baron Lumley but now mention'd plac'd the monuments of his ancestors all in order as they succeeded one another from Liulphus down to our own times which he had either pick'd up out of the suppress'd Monasteries or made new More inward and in the middle as it were of the triangle stands another small village lately noted for it's College with a Dean and Prebendaries in it founded by
14 thick set almost in a direct line and at equal distances for a mile together They seem design'd to preserve the memory of some Action or other but the injury of Time has put it beyond all possibility of pointing out the particular occasion Upon Loder there is a place of the same denomination which as Strickland not tar off has given name to an ancient and famous family u Lower down w at the confluence of Loder and Eimot was dug up in the year 1602. this stone set up in memory of Constantine the Great IMP. C. VAL. CONSTANTINO PIENT AVG. After Eimot has been for some space the bound between this County and Cumberland x near Isanparles Isâ—â—pâ— a rock well known in the neighbourhood which Nature hath made of such a difficult ascent with several caverns also and windings as if she design'd a retreat for the distress'd in troublesome times it throws its own waters with those of other rivers into Eden a few miles below having first receiv'd the little river Blencarne the bound on this side between Westmorland and Cumberland upon which I understood there were the vast ruins of a Castle call'd the Hanging walls of Marcantoniby Hanging-â—aâ—ls of Marcantoâ—â—y that is as they tell you of Mark Antony 〈◊〉 Term. Mâ—â—h R. 6. 〈◊〉 l. 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Vipants The h That both Ralph Meschines and Hugh de Morvil with some others of that family were Lords of Westmorland before Robert de Vipont Mr. Machel has discover'd from Records and will prove at large in his Antiquities of this County The present Lord is the right honourable Thomas Tufton Earl of Thanet to which family it descended from their ancestors the Viponts and Cliffords first Lord of Westmorland that I know of was Robert de Veteri ponte or Vipont who bore in a shield gules six Annulets Or. For King John gave him the Bailiwick and revenues of West morland by the service of four Knights whereupon the Cliffords his successors held the Sheriffdom of Westmorland down to our age For Robert the last of the Viponts left only two daughters 6 Isabel Sybil wife of Roger Lord Clifford and Idonea wife of 7 Sir Roger. Roger de Leybourne A long while after King Richard 2. created Ralph de Nevil or New-Ville Lord of Raby a person of a very noble and ancient English Pedigree being descended from Uhtred E. of Northumberland first E. of Westmorland Earls of Westmorland whose posterity 8 By his former wife Margaret by his first wife M. daughter of the Earl of Stafford enjoy'd this honour till Charles hurry'd on by a boundless Ambition violating his duty to Queen Elizabeth and his Country 9 And covering treason under the mantle of Religion fix'd an eternal mark of infamy upon this noble family cast a blot upon his own dignity 10 By actual Rebellion in the year 1599. and leaving his native country liv'd and dy'd very miserably in the Netherlands His issue by the second wife Katharine daughter of John of Gaunt D. of Lancaster became so famous and numerous that almost at the same time there flourish'd of it 11 Beside the Earl of Westmorland the Earl of Salisbury the Earl of Warwick the Earl of Kent the Marquis of Montacute 12 A Duke of Bedford Baron Latimer and Baron Abergevenny In this County are i In the bottom of Westmorland are 25. and in the Barony of Kendal 7. Besides these there is a great number of Chapels of ease many of which are fallen to decay 26 large Parishes ADDITIONS to WESTMORELAND a IN the general description of this County Mr. Camden seems to have taken his measures only from one part of it For travelling from Lancaster through the Barony of Kendal to Workington in Cumberland he met with little in his road besides great mountains with here and there a Valley between and so took an estimate of the whole from that part imagining probably that the more southerly corner was like to be as good at least if not better than the rest But had he gone directly northward he would have found reason to change his opinion the Barony of Westmorland commonly call'd the bottom of Westmorland from it's low situation being a large open champain country in length not less than 20 miles and in breadth about 14. And so far is it from being uncultivated that it affords great plenty of arable grounds and those good store of corn Nor do Mores in the northern parts signifie wild barren mountains but generally Common of pasture in opposition to Mountains or Fells So that in the Barony of Kendal where they have most Mountains there are few or no Mores their Commons being generally call'd Fells and in the bottom of Westmorland there are few mountains except that ridge which bounds the Country like a rampire or bulwark but very many Mores which yet are so far from being uncapable of improvement that most of them have been formerly plow'd as the ridges appearing do assure us If the whole Country therefore were to be deriv'd from barren mountains we might say with more reason that it had the name from lying westward of that long ridge of hills which Mr. Camden calls the English Apennine As for the story of King Marius tho' our Author perhaps justly rejects it so far as 't is urg'd for giving name to this County yet we must not be too hasty in exploding the whole matter of fact as fabulous since the ‖ 〈…〉 â—2 learned Primate of Armagh has said so much in favour of it Before we descend to a particular Survey we may observe that the Gentlemens houses in this County are large and strong and generally built Castle-wise for defence of themselves their Tenants and their goods whenever the Scots should make their inroads which before the time of King James 1. were very common That it is divided into the Barony of Kendal and the Barony of Westmorland we have before hinted These two parts belong to two several Dioceses the former to Chester the latter to Carlisle In each we find with two Wards several Deanries Parishes and Constablewicks but no Hundreds possibly because in ancient times these parts paid no Subsidies being sufficiently charg'd in Border service against the Scots b On the south side lies Milthrop Milthrop the only sea-town in this County tho' the commodities which are imported are brought hither only in small vessels from Grange in Lancashire And near it Levens Levens where is a fair stone bridge over the river Kent on the south-side of which river are still to be seen the ruins of an ancient round building now call'd Kirks-head which is said to have been anciently a Temple dedicated to Diana And not far from it appear the ruins of another building which seems to have belong'd to the same place In the Park which is well stor'd with Fallow-deer and almost equally divided by
title of Earl of Wiltshire given by King H. the 6th to him and the heirs of his body but being Lord Deputy of Ireland as some others of this family have been and Treasurer of England he was banish'd by Edw. the fourth and soon after taken and beheaded His brothers were banished likewise and absconded John died at Jerusalem without children Thomas by the favour of H. the 7th had his attainder reversed and died in the year 1515 leaving two daughters Ann married to 10 Sir James James de S. Leger and Margaret the wife of William de Bullein who had issue 11 Sir Thomas Thomas Bullein made first Viscount of Rochfort and after Earl of Wilton and Ormond by King Hen. the 8th upon his marriage with Ann Bullein the Earl's daughter by her he had Elizabeth Queen of England whose memory will be ever sacred to the English After the death of Thomas Bullein 12 Without issue male Sir Pierce c. Peter or Peirce Butler a man of great power in Ireland and of the Earl's family who had been before created Earl of Ossery by K. Henry the 8th was now also preferr'd to the Earldom of Ormond He dying left it to his son James who by the daughter and heir of James Earl of Desmond had a son Thomas Earl of Ormond now living whose fidelity and loyalty has been render'd eminent by many tryals He has married his only daughter to Theobald Butler his Brother's son upon whom King James has lately conferr'd the title of Viscount Tullo As for the story of some Irish and those too Men turned into wolves such as would be thought creditable that certain men in these parts are every year converted into wolves 't is without question fabulous unless perhaps through excess of melancholy they may be affected with that distemper which the Physicians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which will make them fancy and imagine themselves thus transformed As for those metamorphos'd Lycaones in Livonia so much talked of I cannot but have the same opinion of them Thus far we have continued in the Province of Mounster which Queen Elizabeth with great wisdom Presidents of Munster in order to advance the wealth and happiness of this Kingdom committed to the government of a Lord President that with one Assistant two Lawyers and a Secretary he might correct the insolencies of this Province and keep them to their duty The first President was Wartham St. Leger Kt. who was constituted in the year 1565 a man of great experience in the affairs of Ireland LAGENIA or LEINSTER THE second part of Ireland called by the inhabitants Leighnigh by the British Lein by the English Leinster by the Latins Lagenia and by the old Legends Lagen lies to the east entirely upon the sea bounded towards Mounster by the river Neor though in many places it reaches beyond it towards Conaught 't is bounded for a good way by the Shannon and towards Meath by its own limits The soil is rich and fruitful the air very warm and temperate and the inhabitants very near as civil and gentile in their mode of living as their neighbours in England from whence they are generally descended In Ptolemie's time it was peopled by the Brigantes Minapii Cauci and Blani From these Blani perhaps are derived and contracted those modern names Lein Leinigh and Leinster a At this day Leinster contains the Counties of Dublin Wicklow Wexford Caterlogh Kilkenny Kings-County Queens-County Kildare Meath West-Meath and Longford The whole Province is at present subdivided into the Counties of Kilkennigh Caterlogh Queens-County Kings-County Kildare Weisford and Dublin not to mention Wicklo and Fernes which either are already or will be added BRIGANTES or BIRGANTES THE Brigantes seem to have been seated between the mouth of the river Swire and the confluence of the Neor and Barrow called by Ptolemy Brigus And because there was an ancient city of the Brigantes in Spain called Brigantia Birgus now Barrow Florianus del Campo takes a great deal of pains to derive these Brigantes from his own country of Spain But allowing conjectures others may as likely derive them from the Brigantes of Britain a nation both near and populous However if what I find in some copies be true that these people were called Birgantes both he and others are plainly out for these take their denomination from the river a Now call'd Barrow Birgus about which they inhabit as the name it self may convince us These Brigantes or Birgantes Birgantes which you please peopled the Counties of Kilkenny Ossery and Caterlogh all watered by the river Birgus The County of KILKENNY THE County of Kilkenny is bounded on the west with the County of Tipperary on the east with the Counties of Weisford and Caterlogh on the south with the County of Waterford on the north with the Queens-County and on the north-west with the Upper-Ossery well beautified on all sides with towns and castles and more plentiful in every thing than any of the rest Near Ossery are those huge copling mountains Sleiew Bloemy which Giraldus calls Bladinae Montes of a vast height Bladin hills out of the bowels whereof springs the river Swire aforesaid as also the Neor and Barrow These descend in three several chanels but join in one before they fall into the sea which made the Ancients call them The three sisters The Neor commonly called the Neure in a manner cuts this County in two and when with a swift stream it has passed the Upper-Ossery the first Baron whereof was Barnabas Fitz-Patrick Upper-Ossery Barons of the Upper-Ossery raised to that honour by K. Edward the 6th and many forts on both sides it arrives at Kilkenny Kilkenny or as the word signifies the Cell or Church of Canic who was eminent for a pious and solitary life in this country The a It is now a City town is neat fair-built plentiful and by much the best midland town in this Island divided into the English-town and the Irish-town The Irish-town is as it were the suburbs where stands the said Canic's Church which hath both given name to the town and afforded a seat for the Bishops of Ossery The English-town is much newer built as I have read by Ranulph the third Earl of Chester wall'd on the west by Robert Talbot a noble man and fortified with a castle by the Butlers When the daughters of William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke made a partition of the lands among them 't is certain this fell to the share of the third sister married to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester Lower down upon the same river stands a little fortified town called in English Thomas-town Thomas-town in Irish Bala-mac-Andan i.e. the town of Anthony's son both derived from the founder Thomas Fitz-Anthony an Englishman who flourished in Henry the third's time whose heirs are at this day Lords of the place Below this the river Callan Calâ—an runs
Earl of Strafford Lord Lieutenant of Ireland erected a large and magnificent Pile and designed to make it the seat of his Family principal and head town of this County is Kildar Kildar eminent in the first ages of the Irish Church for Brigid â— Brigid a virgin of great esteem for her devotion and chastity not she who about 240 years since instituted the Order of the Nuns of S. Brigid namely that within one Monastery both Men and Women should live together in their several apartments without seeing one another but one more ancient who lived about a thousand years ago was a disciple of S. Patrick and very famous both in Ireland Scotland and England Her miracles and the fire which never goes out being preserved and cherished in the * Adytis â—â—â—traliâ—â—â— inner sanctuary like that of Vesta by the sacred Virgins and still burns without any addition or increase of ashes are related by some Authors This town has the honour of being a Bishops See formerly stil'd in the Pope's Letters Episcopatus Darensis 14 And after the entrance of the English into Ireland was c. and was first the habitation of Richard Earl of Pembrook afterwards of William Marshall Earl of Pembrook his son in law by whose fourth daughter Sibill it came to William Ferrars Earl of Derby and by a daughter of his by her likewise to William Vescy whose son 15 William Lord Vescy William Vescy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland being out of favour with King Edward the first upon a quarrel between him and John the son of Thomas Fitz-Girald and having lost his only legitimate son gave Kildare and other lands of his in Ireland Aâ—chivâ—â—â—geta to the King upon condition he should infeoff his natural son sirnamed de Kildare with all his other lands in England A little after that the said John son to Thomas Fitz-Girald whose ancestors descended from Girald Windesor Castellan of Pembrook by their great valour did much service in the conquest of Ireland had the castle and town of Kildare together with the title and name of Earl of Kildare Earls of Kildar bestow'd upon him by King Edward the second These Fitz-Giralds or Geraldins as they now call them were very great men and particularly eminent for their brave actions who of themselves as one says preserved the sea-coasts of Wales and conquered Ireland And this family of Kildare flourished with their honour and reputation unsullied for a long time having never any hand in rebellions till Thomas Fitz-Girald son of Girald-Fitz-Girald Earl of Kildare and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Henry the eighth's time upon the news that his father who was sent for into England and charg'd with male-administration was executed was so far transported by the heat of youth upon this false rumour that he rashly took up arms against his King and Country invited Charles the 5th to take possession of Ireland wasted the Country with fire and sword besieged Dublin and put the Archbishop thereof to death for which outrage he was soon after hang'd with five of his uncles his father being dead before of grief and trouble at these proceedings However this family was restored by Queen Mary to its ancient grandeur who promoted Girald brother of the said Thomas to the Earldom of Kildare and the Barony of Offaly 16 He ended this life about the year 1558. His eldest Son Girald died before his father leaving only one daughter married to Sir Robert Digby Henry his second son succeeded who when he had by his wife Lady Frances daughter to Charles Earl of Nottingham only two daughters William the third son succeeded to the Earldom who was drowned in passing into Ireland in the year 1599 having no issue And then the title of Earl of Kildare came to Girald Fiâ—z Girald son to Edward their uncle who wan restored to his blood in lineage to make title by descent lineal or collateral from his father and brother and all his ancestors any attainder or corruption of blood to the contrary notwithstanding his two sons Henry and William having both succeeded him without issue male the title of Earl fell to Girald Fitz-Girald their Cousin-german 17 With a fair patrimony seduced by the Religious pretext into Rebellion Other eminent towns in this county are Naas a market town Athie situate upon the river Barrow Mainoth a castle of the Earls of Kildare and endowed with the priviledge of a market and a fair by King Edw. the first in favour of Girald Fitz-Moris Castle-Martin the chief seat of the family of the Fitz-Eustaces descended from the Poers in the County of Waterford of whom Rowland Fitz-Eustace Barons Fitz Eustace for his great worth was made a Baron of Parliament by Edward the fourth and had the manour of Portlester bestow'd upon him as also the title of Vicount Baltinglas by Henry the eighth Pat. 2. Ed. 4. Viscounts Baltinglas all which dignities Rowland Fitz-Eustace lost 7 being banish'd in Q. Elizabeth's time for his treachery The more considerable families here besides the Fitz-Giralds are all likewise English the Ougans De-la-Hides Ailmers Walshes Boisels Whites Suttons c. As for the Gyant 's dance which Merlin by art magick transferred as they say out of this territory to Salisbury-plain as also the bloody battle to be fought hereafter between the English and the Irish at Molleaghmast I leave them for the credulous and such as doat upon the fabulous part of antiquity and vainly admire prophesies For it is not answerable to my design to dilate upon stories of this nature These are the midland Counties of Leinster now for those upon the sea coast The County of WEISFORD BElow that mouth from which the three sister-rivers the Barrow the Neore and the Swire empty themselves into the sea upon a Promontory eastward where the shore is rounding lies the County of Weisford or Wexford in Irish County a Which signifies Coarse or rough Reogh where the Menapii Menapii are placed by Ptolemy That these Menapii were the off-spring of the Menapii that peopled the sea-coast in the Lower Germany the name it self seems to intimate But whether that Carausius Carausius who put up for Emperor and held Britain against Dioclesian were of this or that nation Published by Sâ—hottus I leave to the discovery of others For * Aurelius Victor calls him a citizen of Menapia and the city Menapia is in Ireland and not in the Low-Countreys of Germany according to Geographers Upon the river Barrow in this County formerly flourished Ross a large b Now a burrough city of good trade and well inhabited fortified with a wall of great compass by Isabel the daughter of Earl Richard Strongbow which is the only remains of it at this day For the dissention between the citizens and the religious here has long since ruined the town and reduced it to little or nothing More eastward Duncanon Duncanon
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps â—evonia Averna â—â—â—e uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the †Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation â—is place 〈◊〉 corrupâ—â—d From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moâ—â—er to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan â—arshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount â—hinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferâ—â—s the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd â—â—gnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesâ—â—e the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the â—ord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl â—ohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer â—â—e seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both â—ales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The â—â—me year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal â—nd was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle â—f Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII â—â—ed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This â—ear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop â—f Dublin and was buried in Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk â—â—e Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and â—ade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was â—â—prison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his â—â—bjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naâ—â—ral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and â—arl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire â—f the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and â—rogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the â—â—st day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâ—â—nd leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the â—â—rst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâ—ery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and â—as buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors â—eaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord â—ichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all â—he West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into â—reland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were â—aken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John fitz-Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England
being still Justiciary as before His Wife died this year MCCLXXXI Adam Cusak younger kill'd William Barret and many others in Conaught Frier Stephen Fulborn was made Justiciary of Ireland The Lord Robert d'Ufford return'd into England MCCLXXXII This Year Moritagh and Arte Mac-Murgh his Brother were slain at Arclowe on S. Mary Magdalen Eve And Roger Lord Mortimer died MCCLXXXIII The City of Dublin was in part burnt and the Belfrey of Trinity Church upon the third day before the Nones of January MCCLXXXIV The Castle of Ley was taken and burnt by the petty Kings of Offaly the morrow after S. Barnaby's Day Alphonsus the King's Son twelve years old departed this Life MCCLXXXV The Lord Theobald le Botiller died on the 6th of the Kalends of October in the Castle of Arclowe and was buried there in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Gerald Fitz Maurice was taken Prisoner by his own Irish Subjects in Ofaly with Richard Petit and S. Deget and many others and at Rathode was a great slaughter MCCLXXXVI Le Norragh and Arstol with other Towns were successively burnt by William Stanton on the 16th of the Kalends of December About this time Eleanor Queen of England mother of King Edward took a religious habit at Ambresbury upon the day of S. Thomas's translation having her dower confirmed by the Pope and assur'd to her for ever Calwagh was taken Prisoner at Kildare The Lord Thomas Clare departed this Life MCCLXXXVII This year died Stephen Fulborn Archbishop of Tuam and was succeeded in the Office of Justiciary for a Time by John Sampford Archbishop of Dublin This year the King of Hungary renounc'd Christianity and turned Apostate and having fraudulently assembled his Nobility under pretence of a Parliament Miramomelius a potent Saracen came upon them with an Army of 20000 men and took the King and all the Christians there away prisoners on S. John Baptist's eve As the Christians were carried along the weather turn'd cloudy and a tempest of Hail fell suddenly and killed many thousands of the Infidels So the Christians return'd to their own homes and the Apostate King went alone with the Saracens The Hungarians crown'd his Son King and continued in the Catholick Faith MCCLXXXIX Tripoly a famous City was demolish'd after great effusion of Christian blood by the Sultan of Babylon Who commanded the Images of the Saints to be dragg'd at the horses tails through the ruinous City in contempt of Christ MCCXC Inclyta stirps Regis sponsis datur ordine legis The issue of the King becomes a Spouse The Lord Gilbert Clare took to Wife the Lady Joan de Acon a daughter of our Lord King Edward in the Abby of Westminster and the marriage was celebrated in May And John the Duke of Brabant's son married Margaret the said King's daughter also in the Church aforesaid in July This year the Lord William Vescie was made Justiciary of Ireland and enter'd upon the Office on S. Martin's day Item O Molaghelin King of Meth was this year slain MCCXCI Gilbert Clare the son of Gilbert and the Lady Joan de Acon was born on the 11th of May betimes in the morning Item there was an army led into Ulster against O Hanlan and other Princes that had broke the Peace by Richard Earl of Ulster and William Vescie Justiciary of Ireland Item The Lady Eleanor formerly Queen of England and mother of King Edward died this year on S. John's day after a laudable life spent four years eleven months and six days in a religious habit as she had desir'd in the Abby of Ambresbury where she was a profess'd Nun. Item the news came to our Lord Pope Martin on the eve of S. Mary Magdalen concerning the city of Acon in the Holy Land which was the only place of refuge for the Christians that it was besieg'd by Mislkadar the Sultan of Babylon with a numerous army He besieg'd it hotly for about forty days viz. from the 8th day before the Ides of April till the 15th before the Kalends of July At last the Wall was pull'd down by the Saracens and they entred the city in great numbers many Christians being slain and some drown'd in the sea for fear Among whom was the Patriarch and his Train The King of Cyprus and Oto de Grandison escap'd in a ship with their followers Item This year the Lord Pope Martin granted our Lord King Edward the tenth of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in Ireland for seven years together as a supply towards a relief for the Holy Land Item the eldest son of the Earl of Clare was born the same year MCCXCII Edward King of England again entred Scotland and was chosen King John Lord Balliol of Gallweya obtain'd the whole Kingdom of Scotland by right of inheritance and did homage to our Lord Edward King of England at Newcastle upon Tine on S. Stephen's day Florentius Earl of Holland Robert Brus Earl of Carrick John Hastings John Comin Patrick de Dunbar John Vescie Nicholas Souls and William Roos who were then at difference in the said Kingdom submitted themselves to the judgment of King Edward Item A fifteenth of all the Goods of Laymen in Ireland was granted to our Lord the King of England to be collected on the Feast of S. Michael Item Sir Peter Genevile Knight died this year Item Rice ap Meredyke was brought to York and there dragg'd at the horses tails c. MCCXCIII A general and open war was this year waged at sea with the Normans Item no small number of the Normans was cut off in a sea-engagement by the Barons of the Ports of England and others their coadjutors between Easter and Whitsuntide For this a war broke out between England and France whereupon Philip King of France directed his letters of citation to the King of England to appear in person at his Parliament to answer what the King had to say to him but finding no compliance with this order he forthwith by the counsel of his Parliament declar'd him outlaw'd and condemn'd him Item Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester and his wife came into Ireland about the feast of S. Luke MCCXCIV William Montfort in the King's Council holden at Westminster before the King died suddenly He was Dean of S. Paul's in London The Bishops and Clergy who doubted what the King would expect from every one of them had instructed him as a person whom the King would confide in what to signifie from them to him as soon as he return'd to the King and was addressing himself to speak as he had design'd he grew speechless fell down and was carried out by the King's servants in a miserable condition Upon this sight people grew fearful and began to take him for the great procurer of the tenths of ecclesiastical benefices to the King and of the scrutiny and search after the fold of Christ as also of the contributions granted the King afterward Item The city of Bordeaux with the adjacent country of Gascoign was taken
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ— in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ— S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ— interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ— the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ— Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ— them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ— others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ— of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ— after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ— King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ— his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ— and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ— and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ— throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ— MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ— Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ— of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ— after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ— Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ— submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ— by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ— the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ— Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ— Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castâ—â— with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ— the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâ—mentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ— he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ— to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ— one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ— and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ— France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ— leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ— England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ— When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ— state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ— of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ— the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ— having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oâ—â— Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ— France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ— sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theâ—â— will and consent The King of England brought another Army 〈◊〉 Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ— John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ— for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John fitz-Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ— Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ— sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ— day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oâ—â— then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ— thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ— Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ— the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ— forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ— King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ— only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ— were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ— the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ— Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ— others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ— of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâ—day with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ— next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
defeated This occasion'd a general Insurrection in Scotland of both Earls and Barons against the King of England There was also at this time a Quarrel between the King of England and Roger Bigod Earl Marshal but this was soon made up S. Lewis a Frier minor Son of the King of Sicily and Archbishop of Cologn died this year This year also the son and heir of the King of Maliager i.e. of the Islands of Majorac instituted the Order of the Friers-minors at the direction of S. Lewis who bid him go and do it Item Leghlin in Ireland with other Towns were burnt by the Irish of Slemergi Item Calwagh O Hanlen and Yneg Mac-Mahon were slain in Urgale MCCXCVIII Pope Boniface IV. on the morrow of the Feast of S. Peter â—â—d S. Paul all things being then quiet made Peace between England â—â—d France upon certain Terms Item Edward King of England â—â—d an Army again into Scotland to conquer it There were slain 〈◊〉 this Expedition about the Feast of S. Mary Magdalen many â—â—ousands of the Scots at Fawkirk The Sun appear'd that day 〈◊〉 red as Blood in Ireland while the Battel at Fawkirk continu'd â—â—em about the same time the Lord King of England gave his Knights the Earldoms and Baronies of those Scots that were slain â—n Ireland Peace was concluded between the Earl of Ulster and the Lord John fitz-Fitz-Thomas about the Feast of Simon and Jude Also â—â—e morrow after the Feast of the seven Sleepers the Sun-beams â—ere chang'd into a bloodish colour all the morning to the great â—dmiration of every one Item This year died Thomas Fitz-â—aurice Knight and Sir Robert Bigod sometime Justiciary in the â—ench Item In the City Artha as also Reath in Italy during â—â—e stay of Pope Boniface there happen'd so great an Earthquake â—â—at Towers and Palaces fell down and the Pope and his Cardiâ—als fled out of the City with great consternation Item on the Feast of Epiphany there was an Earthquake in Engâ—â—nd from Canterbury to Hampton but not so violent MCCXCIX Theobald Lord Botilter the younger died in the Mannor of Turby on the second day before the Ides of May His Corps were convey'd towards Weydeney i. e Weney in the County of Limerick on the 6th day before the Calends of June Item Edward King of England married the Lady Margaret Sister to the noble King of France in Trinity-church at Canterâ—ury about the Feast of the Holy Trinity Item the Sultan of Baâ—ylon with a great Army was defeated by Cassan King of Tarâ—â—ry MCCXCIX On the day after the Purification there was an inâ—â—â—ite number of Saracen-horse slain besides as many Foot Item There was this same year a Fight of Dogs at Genelon-castle in â—urgundy the number of the Dogs were 3000 and all kill'd but â—â—e Item This year many Irish came to the Castle of Roch â—efore the Annunciation to give some disturbance to the Lord Theâ—bald de Verdon MCCC The * Numisma Pollardorum Pollard-mony was prohibited in England and Ireland Item King Edward enter'd Scotland with an Army in Autumn but was stay'd by an order from Pope Boniface and to excuse himself sent certain Envoys to the Court of Rome Item Thomas son â—o the King of England was born at Brotherton by Margaret the King of France's Sister on the last day of May. Item Edward Earl of Cornwall dy'd this year without issue and was buried in â—he Abby of Hailes MCCCI. Edward King of England enter'd Scotland with an Army Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland and Sir John Fitz-Thomas Peter Bermingham and many others set sail from Ireâ—and to assist him Item A great part of the City of Dublin was â—urnt down together with the Church of S. Warbutga on S. Caâ—â—mb's day at night Item Sir Jeffrey Genevil married the daughâ—er of Sir John Montefort and Sir John Mortimer married the daughter and heir of Sir Peter Genevil and the Lord Theobald Verdon married the daughter of the Lord Roger Mortimer The People of Leinster took up Arms in the Winter and burnt the Towns of Wyklo and Rathdon c. but they suffer'd for 't for the greater â—art of their Provisions at home was burnt up and their Cattel â—ole so that they had certainly famish'd if a sedition had not hapned among the English at that juncture Item A small company of the Brenies were defeated this year by the Tolans and 300 of those Robbers were cut off Item A great part of Mounster was wasted by Walter Power and many Farm-houses burnt MCCCII This year died the Lady Margaret Wife to Sir John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland on the 3d day before the Ides of April And in the week following Maud Lacy the Wife of Sir Geffery Genevil died also Item Edmund Botiller recoverd the Mannour de S. Bosco Holywood forte with the Appurtenances thereunto belonging from Sir Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin by a Fine in the King's bench after the feast of S. Hilary Item the Flemings defeated the French in Flanders at Courtenay the Wednesday after the feast of S. Thomas In this Engagement were slain the Earl of Artois the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Hue Ralph de Neel Constable of France Guy de Nevil Marshal of France the Earl of Hennaund's son Godfrey de Brabant and his son William de Fenles and his son James de S. Paul lost his hand and fourty Baronets were kill'd that day with Knights Squires c. without number The Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Ireland were exacted by Pope Boniface for three years as a Subsidy for the Church of Rome against the King of Arragon Item upon the day of the Circumcision Sir Hugh Lacy made an inroad upon Sir Hugh Vernail and drove off his Beasts This year Robert Brus Earl of Carrick married Elizabeth the daughter of Sir Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster Item Edward Botiller married the daughter of Sir John Fitz-Thomas The City of Bourdeaux with others thereabouts which Edward King of England had formerly lost by a sedition of the French were now restor'd upon S. Andrew's-eve by the means of the Lord John Hastings MCCCIII Richard Bourk Earl of Ulster and Sir Eustace Power invaded Scotland with a strong Army But after that the Earl himself had made 33 Knights in the Castle of Dublin he passed over into Scotland to assist the King of England Item Gerald the son and heir of Sir John Fitz-Thomas departed this life This year the King and Queen of France were excommunicated with all their Children by Pope Boniface who also confirm'd the privileges of the University of Paris Soon after the Pope was taken Prisoner and kept as it were in Prison three whole days Soon after the Pope dy'd The Countess of Ulster died likewise about this time Item Walran Wellesly and Sir Robert Percivall were slain this year on the 11th day before the Kalends of November MCCCIV A great part of Dublin was burnt down viz. the Bridge-street a good part of
made by them for the benefit of the Kingdom Gaveston quitted the Realm about the feast of All-saints and went into Flanders from whence about four months after he return'd soon after Epiphany privately into England keeping so close to the King that the Barons could not easily come near him He went with the King to York making his abode there in the Lent whereupon the Bishops Earls and Barons of England came to London to consider the state of the Kingdom lest the return of Gaveston might breed disturbance in the state Item Sir John Cogan Sir Walter Faunt and Sir Jehn Fitz Rery died this year and were buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Dublin Item John Macgoghedan was kill'd by Omolmoy Item This year died William Roch kill'd at Dublin by an arrow which an Irish-highlander shot at him Item Sir Eustace Pover departed this life Item On the eve of S. Peter's Chair a riot was occasion'd in Urgaly by Robert Verdon Item Donat O Brene was traiterously kill'd by his own men in Tothomon MCCCXII Sir Peter Gaveston went into the castle of Scardeburg to defend himself against the Barons But soon after the kalends of June he surrendred himself to Sir Aumare Valence who besieg'd him upon certain conditions Valence was carrying him to London but the Earl of Warwick intercepted him at Dedington and brought him to Warwick where on the 13th before the kalends of July after a consultation among the Earls and Barons he was beheaded and buried in the Church of the Friers predicants in Langley Item The Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan set out at the head of an army against Robert Verdon and his accomplices and â—o the 6th before the ides of July was sadly defeated In this Battle Nicholas Avenel Patrick Roch and many others were cut off Upon this the said Verdon and many of his followers surâ—endred themselves to the King and went into his prison at Dublin â—n hopes of favour and pardon Item On thursday the day after S. Lucy the virgin in the 6th year of King Edward the moon appear'd to be of several colours and that day it was resolv'd that the Order of the Templars should be abolish'd Item The Lord Edmund Botiller was made lieutenant to John â—ogan Justiciary of Ireland In the Lent following he besieg'd the O Brinnes in Glindelory and forc'd them to surrender nay had â—â—terly destroy'd them if they had not submitted themselves Item The day after the feast of S. Dominick the Lord Mauâ—ice fitz-Fitz-Thomas married Catharine the Earl of Ulster's daughter â—t Green Castle and Thomas fitz-Fitz-John married another daughter of the Earl's on the day after the assumption but in the same place Item The Sunday after the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross the daughter of the Earl of Glocester wife to the Lord John Burk was deliver'd of a son MCCCXIII Frier Roland Joce Primat of Armagh arriv'd in the isle of Houth the day after the annunciation of the blessed Mary and in the night got privately out of his bed took up his Crosier and advanc'd it as far as the Priory of Grace-dieu where â—e was encountred by some of the Archbishop of Dublin's servants â—ho made him leave his Crosier and drove the Primat himself out â—f Leinster Item A Parliament was held at London but little or nothing â—one towards a peace The King left them and went into France 〈◊〉 compliance with an order from that Court taking the sign of â—â—e Cross upon him with many of his Nobles Item Nicholas Fitz-Maurice and Robert Clonhul were knighted â—y the Lord John fitz-Fitz-Thomas at Adare in Munster Item On the last of May Robert Brus sent out some gallies with â—apperies in them to pillage Ulster but the people made a stout â—esistance and drove them off It is reported that Robert himself â—â—nded with them by the Earl's permission in order to make a â—â—nce Item This Summer Master John Decer a Citizen of Dublin â—aused a bridge to be built as was very necessary reaching from â—â—e Town of Balyboght to the causey of the Mill-pool of Clontarf â—hich before was a very dangerous passage But after great charge â—he whole bridge arches and all was wash'd down by an inâ—ndation Item On the feast of S. Laurence died John Leeks Archbishop â—f Dublin two were elected for the succession such was the heat â—nd difference of the electors Walter Thornbury the King's Chancellor in Ireland and Master Alexander Bicknore Treasurer â—f Ireland But Walter Thornbury with about an hundred and â—â—fty six more were cast away at Sea the night following Bicknor â—as at that time expecting the Pope's favour and was afterwards â—ade Archbishop of Dublin Item The Lord Miles Verdon married the daughter of the Lord â—ichard de Exeter Item This year the Lord Robert Brus demolish'd the Castle of Manne and on S. Barnaby's day overcame the Lord Donegan Odowill On the feast of Marcellus and Marcellianus the Lord John Burk the heir of Richard Earl of Ulster died at Gallway Item The Lord Edmund Botiller on Sunday being S. Michael's day made thirty Knights in Dublin Castle MCCCXIV The Hospitalers had the lands of the Templars in Ireland bestow'd upon them Item The Lord John Parice was slain at Pount Item On S. Silvester's day the Lord Theobald Verdon came Justiciary into Ireland Item Sir Geffery Genevile a Frier died this year on the 12th before the kalends of November and was buried in his order of Friers predicants of Trym he was also Lord of the liberty of Meth. Item Upon S. Matthew's day this year Loghseudy was burnt and on the Friday following the Lord Edmund Botiller receiv'd his Commission to be Justiciary of Ireland MCCCXV On S. John the Baptist's day the Earl of Glocester was kill'd in an engagement with the Scots and many others were kill'd and taken prisoners The Scots grew insolent upon this success and possess'd themselves of much land and tribute in Northumberland Item Shortly after they invested Carlisse where John Douglas was crush'd to death by a wall that fell upon him This year the Scots not contented with their own possessions arriv'd in the north part of Ireland at Clondonne to the number of 6000. fighting men and expert soldiers namely Edward Brus whole brother to Robert King of Scots with the Earl of Morreth John Meneteth John Steward the Lord John Cambel Thomas Randolfe Fergus de Andressan John de Bosco and John Bisset who possess'd themselves of Ulster and drove the Lord Thomas Mandevile and other subjects out of their estates The Scots entred Ireland on the Feast of S. Augustin the English Apostle in the month of May near Cragfergus in Ulster the first encounter between the English and them was hear Banne wherein the Earl of Ulster was put to flight and William Burk John Stanton and many others were taken Prisoners many were kill'd and the Scots got the day The second encounter was at Kenlys in Meth where Roger Mortimer and his soldiers
were put to flight The third was at Sketheris hard by Arstol the day after S. Paul's conversion the English fled and were routed by the Scots Whereupon Edward Brus after the feast of Philip and James got himself crown'd King of Ireland Having taken Green Castle they posted themselves in it but the citizens of Dublin soon remov'd them and recover'd it for the King and finding Sir Robert Coultagh the governour of the Castle there they brought him to Dublin where he was imprison'd and being kept to hard diet died Item Upon S. Peter and Paul's day the Scots invested Dondalk took it plunder'd it and then burnt it after they had kill'd all such as had oppos'd them A great part of Urgale was likewise burnt by them as also the Church of the blessed Virgin Mary in Atterith full of men women and children with the assistance of the Irish This same year the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland about the feast of S. Mary Magdalen drew considerable forces out of Munster Leinster and other parts to joyn the Earl of Ulster at Dondalk who had drawn a mighty great army out of Connaght and those parts and was marching thither There they concerted what measures they should take to destroy the Scots What their resolutions were is not known but the Scots fled and if they had not they had as 't is hop'd been taken Prisoners After this the Earl of Ulster and the said Justiciary with the rest of the Nobility resolv'd as soon as they had cut off the Scots to bring the Lord Edmund Brus dead or alive to Dublin Accordingly the Earl pursued them as far as Branne and then retir'd towards Coyners Brus perceiving this pass'd the River privately follow'd him and put him to flight with some others of the Earl's side having wounded George Roch and slain Sir John Stanton Roger Holiwood and others Many were likewise kill'd on Brus's side and on the 10th of September the Lord William Burk was taken Prisoner and the Earl was defeated near Coyners whereupon an Insurrection of the Irish in Conaught and Meth follow'd against the King and the Earl of Ulster who burnt the Castles of Atholon Raudon and others The Baron of Donull was very eminent for his great Valour but he suffer'd very much in his Goods and the Scots drove them stoutly as far as Cragfergus where those of the Earl's party fled and they some of them enter'd the Castle and defended it with great valour Afterwards certain Seamen came suddenly from the Port-towns and Havens of England surpris'd the Scots and kill'd forty of them carrying their Tents c. off with them The day after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross the Earl of Morreff went over with four Pirate-ships laden with Irish Commodities into Scotland accompanied with the Lord William Brus intending there to pick up a supply for his Army One of the Ships was cast away All this while the aforesaid Brus was carrying on the Siege of Cragfergus-castle At the same time Cathil Roge demolish'd three Castles of the Earl of Ulster's in Connaught where he likewise burnt and plunder'd many Towns Now also the English Mariners above-mentioned went to the said Castle and the Lords there skirmish'd with one another and kill'd many of the Scots Richard Lande O-Ferivil was slain also about this time by an Irish man Item Afterwards upon S. Nicholas day Brus left Cragfergus and was join'd by the Earl of Morreff with 500 Men so they march'd together towards Dundalk Many flock'd into them and gave them their assistance From these they pass'd on to Nobee where they left many of their Men about the feast of S. Andrew Brus himself burnt Kenley's in Meth and Grenard Abby which he rifled and spoil'd He also burnt Finnagh and Newcastle and all that Country and after they had kept their Christmas at Loghsudy they burnt it likewise At last they march'd forward by Totmoy to Rathymegan and Kildare and the Country about Tristeldermot Athy and Reban in which Expedition they lost some Soldiers After this Brus advanc'd to Skethy near Arscoll in Leinster where he was engag'd by the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland Sir John fitz-Fitz-Thomas Thomas Arnald Power and other Noblemen of Leinster and Munster so strong that any single Lord of them might have been an overmatch for Brus and his whole Party But a difference arising they left the Field in great disorder and confusion to him according to the truth of that Every Kingdom divided against it self shall become desolate Haymund le Grace a noble ' Squire and particularly loyal to his King and Country and Sir William Prendregest were both slain The Scots lost Sir Fergus Andrissan Sir Walter Morrey and many others who were buried at Athy in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Afterwards Brus in his return towards Meth burnt Loy-castle and so the Scots march'd from Kenlis into Meth where the Lord Mortimer took the field against them with a numerous Army amounting to near 15000 but hardly unanimous and true to one another as it was believ'd For tho' this Body was all under the said Mortimer yet they went off about three a Clock and deserted him particularly the Lacies so that the Lord Mortimer was oblig'd to retreat to Dublin with a small Party and the Lord Walter Cusake to the Castle of Trym leaving the Country and the Town of Kenlis to the mercy of the Scots Item At the same time all the South-part of the Country was burnt by the Irish of those parts viz. Arclo Newcastle Bree and all the adjacent Villages under the conduct of the Otothiles and the O Brynnes The Omorghes also burnt and wasted part of Leys in Leinster but most of them were cut off by the Lord Edmund Botiller Chief Justice of Ireland and about eight hundred of their Heads carried to Dublin-castle Item This year about the feast of the purification of the blessed Virgin some of the Irish Nobility and the Lord fitz-Fitz-Thomas Richard Lord Clare John Lord le Pover and Arnold Lord Pover came to the Lord John de Hotham who was appointed by the King for that end to establish a Peace for their after-quiet and safety so they took their Oaths to stand by the King of England with their lives and fortunes to do their best to preserve the peace and to kill the Scots For performance whereof they gave Pledges before God and so return'd All the rest of the Irish Nobility that refus'd to follow the same course were to be look'd upon as Enemies to the King Item The Lord John Bysset departed this life and the Church of the new Village of Leys with the Belfrey was burnt by the Scots The Castle of Northburg in Ulster was also taken by them Item Fidelmicus O Conghyr King of Connaught kill'd Rorick the son of Cathol O Conghyr Item This year died the Lord William Maundevil and the Bishop of Coner fled to the Castle of Cragfergus and the Bishoprick was laid under
an Interdict Hugh Lord of Antony was slain in Connaught Item This year on Valentin's-day the Scots made a halt near Geshil and Offaley and the English Army near Kildare the Scots were so pinch'd for Provision that many of them were starved so they broke up secretly and march'd towards Fowier in Meth. The next Sunday following they were so much weaken'd with hunger and hard labour that many of them died Afterwards a Parliament of the Nobility was held but they came to no Resolutions and in their return laid waste the whole Country Walter Lord Lacy came to Dublin to clear his reputation and give security to the King as others of the Nobility had already done At this time Edward Brus was in Ulster but did no harm Item The Otothiles the O Brynnes Archibaulds and Harolds combin'd and wasted Wikelowe a Village and the Country thereabouts The first Week in Lent the Earl of Morreff sail'd into Scotland and Brus took cognizance of all Pleas in Ulster and condemn'd many to the Gallows Item In the middle of Lent he try'd Causes kill'd the Logans and took the Lord Alan Fitz-Warin and carried him into Scotland Item This year Fennynger O Conghyr slew Cale-Rothe together with the Galloglaghes and about three hundred more This lent Corn sold after the rate of 18 s. the bushel and in the Easter following for 11. MCCCXVI Thomas Lord Maundevile march'd out of Drogheda with a strong party to Cragfergus * Die Jovis in coena Domini on Maundy-thursday and engaged the Scots put them to flight and kill'd about 30 of them Afterwards on Easter-eve he attack'd them again and about the Kalendskill'd many of them In this Encounter Thomas Lord Maundevile was †Pro jure suo deservedly slain in his own Country Item Many Irish were slain in Connaught and thereabouts by Richard Lord Clare and the Lord Richard Bermingham Item On the Sunday next after the Ascension Donnyger O Brynn a stout Raparee with twelve more of his Accomplices were all cut off by William Lord Comyn and his Party who kept the Peace and their Heads were brought to Dublin Item The people of Dundalk issued out against O Hanlan and kill'd about 200 of the Irish and here Robert de Verdon a warlike ' Squire was cut off Item At the feast of Pentecost this year Richard le Bermyngham slew about 300 Irish in Munster or more and after about the Nativity of S. John the Baptist le Brus came to Cragfergus-castle and commanded the Keepers to surrender it up to him according to the agreement between them as he pretended They answer'd That they were oblig'd to do so and order'd that thirty might be sent to them and that they might have their lives spar'd All this was agreed to But as soon as the thirty Scots were within the Castle they shut them up and imprison'd them About this time the Irish of O Mayll march'd towards Tullagh and there fought in this Battle about 400 of them were slain and their Heads were sent to Dublin Many strange things were seen here afterwards the dead seem'd to arise and fight with one another crying out Fennokabo as the signal to engage About the feast of S. Thomas's Translation eight Ships were set out at Drogheda with Provisions for Cragfergus But these were disturb'd in their Voyage by the Earl of Ulster for the redemption of William de Burgo who was taken with the Scots On the Sunday following the Earl of Ulster the Lord John fitz-Fitz-Thomas and many others of the Nobility united themselves together at Dublin and agreed to maintain the peace of Ireland with their lives and fortunes This same year we had News from Connaught That many of the English viz. Stephen Lord of Exeter Miles Cogan many of the Barries and about eighty of the Lawles were kill'd by O Conghyr Item The week after S. Laurence's day four of the Irish Kings in Conaught broke out into open War against the English whereupon William Lord Bourk Richard Lord Bermingham the Lord Anry and his Followers took the Field against them and cut ofâ— about 11000 of them near Anry which Village was after wall'd round with the Arms and Spoil of the Enemy for every Englishman that had took two Weapons from the Irish contributed one towards that Work In this Engagement Fedelmic O Conghyr King of Conaught with O Kelly and several other petty Kings were slain John Husee Carnifex de Anry was in this Battle and the same night stood among the dead according to his master Anry's order to find out O Kelly who unkennelled at last and as he and his ' Squire came forth told the said Husee in a loud Voice That if he would go with him he would make him a gteat Lord in his Dominions But Husee answer'd him with a denyal saying He would not go with him but he would make him go with him to his master Rich. Bermingham O Kelly put him in mind thaâ— he had only a single Servant but that he had a trusty ' Squire to second him and therefore urg'd him again to go along with him for his own preservation Husee's servant press'd him to comply likewise since it would be for their own preservation and advancement for the Enemy was certainly too strong for them But Huseâ— first kill'd his own Servant for such base advice and then kill'd O Kelly and his ' Squire and brought their Heads to Richard Bermingham his Master who bestow'd much Land upon him for hiâ— Service and conferr'd Knighthood upon him as he deserv'd The same year about S. Laurence's day O Hanlan came tâ— Dundalk in order to distrain but the People of Dundalk fell upoâ— him and kill'd many of his Party Item On the Monday before the feast of the nativity of S. Mary David O Totothil with four more came and hiâ— themselves all the night in the Wood of Coleyn but being discovered by the Dublinians and William Lord Comin they issued ouâ— and drove them back six Leagues killing about seventeen and wounding many of them mortally Item A flying Report spread up and down Dublin That thâ— Lord Robert Brus King of Scotland was now landed in Irelanâ— to assist his Brother Edward and that the Scots had besieg'd Cragfergus-castle in Ulster The Monasteries of S. Patrick de Dunâ— and de Seballo and several others both of Monks and preachinâ— Canons and Minors were destroy'd by them in Ulster Item William Lord Bourk gave his son as a pledge and was seâ— at liberty in Scotland The Church of Brught in Ulster was burnâ— by the Scots and Irish of that Province as it was in a manner full oâ— Men and Women At the same time we had News from Cragfergus That the Garrison lived upon Hides for want of Victuals and had eat up eighâ— Scots who were before taken so that it was much lamented thaâ— no body went to relieve them On the Friday following we had News That Fitz-Thomas Eaâ—â— of Ulster was dead
And on Sunday following being the next after the Nativity oâ— the blessed Virgin the Lord John fitz-Fitz-Thomas died at Laraghbrinâ— near Maynoth and was buried among the Friers-minors at Kildarâ— He is said to have been made Earl of Kildare a little befoâ—â— his death His son and heir Thomas fitz-Fitz-John a very prudeâ—â— Man succeeded him After this we had News that the Castle of Cragfergus was surrender'd to the Scots upon condition the lives of the Garrison-Soldiers should be saved On the day of the exaltation of the holy Cross Conghor was stain together with Mac-keley and fifty Irish by William Lord Burk and Richard Bermingham in Conaught Item On the Monday before All-Souls-day many of the Scots were slain in Ulster by John Loggan Hugh Lord Bisset namely about 100 with double Arms and 200 with single Arms. The slain in all amounted to 300 besides the foot Afterward on the Eve of the Royal S. Edmund there hapned such a Storm of Wind and Rain as threw down many Houses beat down the Bell of Trinity-church in Dublin and did much mischief both by Sea and Land Item On the Eve of S. Nicholas the Lord Alan Stewart who was taken Prisoner in Ulster by John Loggan and the Lord John Sandale was carried to Dublin-castle This same year there came News from England of a dissention between the King and the Earl of Lancaster That they were for taking one another Prisoners and that the whole Kingdom was embroil'd about it This year also about the feast of Andrew the Apostle the Lord Hugh le Despencer and the Lord Bartholomew de Baldesmere Wigorniensis the Bishop of Worcester and the Bishop of Ely were sent to Rome to negotiate some important Business of the King 's for Scotland who return'd again into England about the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary Item The Lacies came to Dublin after the same feast and shew'd by an Inquisition that the Scots were not brought into Ireland by their means whereupon they were acquitted and had the King's Charter for protection and safety upon taking their Oaths to keep â—he Peace and do their utmost to destroy the Scots Item This year after the feast of Carnis privium the Scots â—arch'd privately as far as Slain with 20000 arm'd Men and raâ—ag'd the Country though the Army of Ulster lay just before â—â—em Afterwards on the Monday before the feast of S. Matthias the â—postle the Earl of Ulster was apprehended in S. Marie's Abby â—y the Mayor of Dublin viz. Robert Notyngham and carried to â—ublin-castle where he was long imprison'd and the Chamber whereâ—â— he was kept burnt and seven of the Earl's Attendants â—ain The same week in the Vigil of S. Matthias Brus took his â—arch towards Dublin at the head of his Army and hearing of the â—arl's Imprisonment turn'd off towards Cnok-castle which he enâ—â—r'd and therein took the Lord Hugh Tirell with his Wife who â—as Baron of it and they were afterwards ransom'd That Night it was agreed by common consent among the Citiâ—ens of Dublin That S. Thomas's-street should be burnt down for â—ear of the Scots the flames whereof got hold of S. John's-church â—nd burnt it down likewise with Magdalen-chappel all the Suâ—urbs of the City and S. Mary's-monastery The Church of S. Paâ—rick was spoil'd by the said Villans Item Our Saviour's Church which belongs to the Friers-preâ—icants was destroy'd by the Mayor and his Citizens and the â—â—ones were converted to the building of a City wall which was â—ade of greater compass in the north part of the City above the â—ey for formerly the Walls ran just by the Church of S. Owen â—here we see a Tower beyond the Gate also another Gate in that â—treet where the Taverns are however the Mayor and Citizens â—ere afterwards commanded by the King of England to make anoâ—her Convent as formerly After the feast of S. Matthias Le Brus â—â—derstanding that the City was fortified to receive him he march'd â—â—wards Salmons-leap where Robert le Brus King of Scotland â—ith Edward le Brus the Earl of Morrey John Meneteth the â—ord John Stewart the Lord Philip Mountbray encamp'd themâ—elves and continued for four days during which they burnt part â—f the Village broke open the Church and rifled it and then â—arch'd towards Le Naas The Lacies notwithstanding their Oaths advis'd and conducted them and Hugh Lord Canon made â—adin White his Wife's Brother guide them through the Country â—o they came to Le Naas plunder'd the Village broke the Churches â—â—d open'd the Graves in the Church-yard for hidden Treasure â—â—d did many other Mischiefs during the two days they stay'd â—â—ere After this they took their march towards Tristildermote â—â—e second week in Lent and destroy'd the Friers-minors takâ—â—g away their Books Vestments and other Ornaments from â—ence they return'd to Baligaveran and so to Callan about the â—east of Pope Gregory without regarding the Village of Kilâ—enny At the same time Letters were brought by the Lord Edmund â—otiller Chief Justice of Ireland at that time and by the Lord Thomas fitz-Fitz-John Earl of Kildare the Lord Richard Clare the Lord Arnold le Pover and the Lord Maurice fitz-Fitz-Thomas to â—â—ffer the Earl of Ulster to be mainpriz'd and set at liberty by the King 's writ but nothing was done at present in this Business The People of Ulster came afterwards in a great Body amountâ—ng to 800 and desir'd assistance from the King against the Scots Upon which the King's Banner was deliver'd to them But as soon as they got it they did more mischief than the Scots themselves they eat Flesh all the Lent and almost wasted the whole Country for which they were accurs'd both by God and Man Edmund * Pincerna Butler gave the Irish a great defeat near Trestildermot Item The same Edmund being now Chief Justice of Ireland defeated O Morghe at Balilethan The Scots under le Brus were now got as far as Limerick But the English in Ireland being drawn together in great Bodies to receive them at Ledyn they retreated privately in the night from Conninger Castle About Palm-sunday News came to Dublin That the Scots were at Kenlys in Ossory and that the Irish Nobility were at Kilkenny and had drawn a great Army together there to engage Le Brus. On the Monday following the King sent an Order to the People of Ulster to advance against the Scots under the command and conduct of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare whereupon they march'd forward Le Brus being then at Cashell from whence he mov'd to Nanath where he stay'd some time and burnt and wasted all the Possessions of the Lord Pincern MCCCXVII On Maundy Thursday the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland the Lord Thomas fitz-Fitz-John Earl of Kildare for the King had conferr'd the jurisdiction and privileges of the Earldom of Kildare upon him Richard Clare with the Ulster-Army Arnold Pover Baron of Donnoyll Maurice Rochfort Thomas Fitz-Maurice and the Cauntons and their
S. Valentine Item The Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer came to Dublin and knighted John Mortimer and four of his Followers The same day he kept a great feast in the castle of Dublin Item Many Irish were slain in Conaght about this time by reason of a Quarrel between two of their great Lords The number of the slain amounted to about 4000 men on both sides After this a severe Vengeance fell upon the Ulster-men who had done great mischief during the depredations of the Scots here and eat Flesh in Lent without any manner of necessity for which sins they were at last reduc'd to such want that they eat one another so that of 10000 there remain'd but about 300 By which this does plainly appear to be God's vengeance upon them Item It was reported That some of the said Profligates were so pinch'd with Famine that they dug up Graves in Church-yards and after they had boil'd the Flesh in the Skull of the dead Body eat it up nay that some Women eat up their own Children to satisfie their craving Appetites MCCCXVIII On the 15. of Easter there came News from England That the Town of Berwick was betray'd and taken by the Scots Afterwards this same year Walter Islep the King's Treasurer in Ireland arriv'd here and brought Letters to Roger Lord Mortimer to attend the King Accordingly he did so substituting the Lord William Archbishop of Cashil Keeper of Ireland so that at one and the same time he was Chief Justice of Ireland Lord Chancellor and Archbishop Three weeks after Easter news came to Dublin That Richard Lord Clare and four Knights viz. Sir Henry Capell Sir Thomas Naas Sir James Caunton and Sir John Caunton as also Adam Apilgard with 80 Men more were all slain by O Brone and Mac-Carthy on the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus The Lord Clare's Body was reported to be hewn in pieces out of pure malice But his Relicks were interr'd among the Friers-minors in Limerick Item On Sunday in Easter-month John Lacy was remov'd from Dublin-castle to Trym for his Trial His sentence was to be pinch'd in Diet and so he died in Prison Item On the Sunday before the Ascension Roger Lord Mortimer set sail for England but paid nothing for his Provisions having taken up in the City of Dublin and elsewhere as much as amounted to 1000 l. Item This year about the feast of S. John Baptist that Wheat which before was sold for 16 s. by the great mercy of God went now for 7. Oats sold for 5 s. and there was also great plenty of Wine Salt and Fish Nay about the feast of S. James there was Bread of new Corn a thing seldom or perhaps never before known in Ireland This was an instance of God's mercy and was owing to the prayers of the Poor and other faithful People Item On the Sunday after the feast of S. Michael news came to Dublin That Alexander Lord Bykenore Chief Justice of Ireland and Archbishop of Dublin was arriv'd at Yoghill On S. Denis's day he came to Dublin and was receiv'd by the Religious and Clergy as well as the Laity who went out in Processions to meet him Item On Saturday which happen'd to be the feast of Pope Calixtus a Battle was fought between the Scots and English of Ireland two leagues from Dundalk on the Scotch-side there were Edward Lord Brus who nam'd himself King of Ireland Philip Lord Moubray Walter Lord Sules Alan Lord Stewart with his three Brethren as also Sir Walter Lacy and Sir Robert and Aumar Lacy John Kermerdyne and Walter White with about 3000 others Against whom on the English-side there were the Lord John Bermingham Sir Richard Tuit Sir Miles Verdon Sir Hugh Tripton Sir Herbert Sutton Sir John Cusak Sir Edward and Sir William Bermingham and the Primate of Armagh who gave them Absolution besides Sir Walter Larpulk and John Maupas with about twenty more choice Soldiers and well arm'd who came from Drogheda The English gave the onset and broke into the Van of the Enemy with great vigour And in this Encounter the said John Maupas kill'd Edward Lord Brus valiantly and was afterwards found slain upon the Body of his Enemy The slain on the Scots side amounted to 2000 or thereabouts so thaâ— few of them escap'd besides Philip Lord Moubray who was also mortally wounded and Sir Hugh Lacy Sir Walter Lacy and some few more with them who with much ado got off Thiâ— Engagement was fought between Dundalk and Faghird Brus'â— Head was brought by the said John Lord Bermingham to thâ— K. of England who conferred the Earldom of Louth upon him and his Heirs male and gave him the Barony of Aterith One of hiâ— Quarters together with the Hands and Heart were carried tâ— Dublin and the other Quarters sent to other places MCCCXIX Roger Lord Mortimer return'd out of England and became Chief Justice of Ireland The same year on the feaâ—â— of All Saints came the Pope's Bull for excommunicating Roberâ— Brus King of Scotland The Town of Athisell and 〈◊〉 considerable part of the Country was burnt and wasted by John Lord fitz-Fitz-Thomas whole Brother to Moris Lord fitz-Fitz-Thomas John Bermingham aforesaid was this year created Earl of Louth Item The Stone-bridge of Kit-colyn was built by Master Moriâ— Jak Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXX In the time of John XXII Pope and of Edward son to King Edward who was the 25 King from the coming oâ— S. Austin into England Alexander Bicknore being then Archbishop of Dublin was founded the University of Dublin Williaâ— Hardite a Frier-predicant was the first that took the degree oâ— Master Who also commenced Doctor of Divinity under thâ— same Archbishop Henry Cogry of the order of Friers minors was the second Master the third was William Rodyarâ— Dean of S. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin who afteâ— commenc'd Doctor of the Canon law and was made the firâ—â— Chancellor of this University The fourth Person that went ouâ— Master in Divinity was Frier Edmund Kermerdyn Item Rogeâ— Mortimer the Chief Justice of Ireland went into England leavinâ— the Lord Thomas fitz-Fitz-John then Earl of Kildare his Deputy Item Edmund Lord Botiller went into England and so camâ— to S. James's Item Leghelyn-bridge was then built by Master Moris Jaâ— Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXXI The O Conghors were sadly defeated at Balibogan on the Ninth of May by the People of Leinster and Meth Item Edmund Lord Botiller died in London and was burieâ— at Balygaveran in Ireland John Bermingham Earl of Lowth waâ— made Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan died also this year MCCCXXII Andrew Bermingham and Nicholas de la Lonâ— Knight were slain with many others by O Nalan on S. Michael's day MCCCXXIII A Truce was made between the King of Englanâ— and Robert Brus King of Scots for fourteen years Item Johâ— Darcy came Lord Chief Justice into Ireland Item Johâ— eldest son of Thomas fitz-Fitz-John Earl of Kildare died in the 9tâ—
year of his Age. MCCCXXIV Nicholas Genevile son and heir to the Lorâ— Simon Genevile died this year and was buried in the Church oâ— the Friers-predicants at Trym Item there happen'd a very higâ— wind on the 12th day at night Item There was a general murrain of Oxen and Kine in Irâ—land MCCCXXV Richard Lederede Bishop of Ossory cited Damâ— Alice Ketyll to answer for her heretical and perverse Opinions and forc'd her to appear in Person before him And being examâ—ned for Sorcery it was found that she had us'd it among others this was discover'd That a certain Spirit call'd Robin Artyssoâ— lay with her and that she offer'd him nine red Cocks at 〈◊〉 Stone-bridge where the High-way branches out into four severaâ— Parts Item That she swept the streets of Kilkenny with Beesoms between Complin and Courefew and in sweeping the Filth towards the house of William Utlaw her son by way of conjuring wish'd that all the wealth of Kilkenny might flow thither The accomplices of this Alice in these devilish practices were Pernil of Meth and Basilia the daughter of this Pernil Alice being found guilty was fined by the Bishop and forc'd to abjure her sorcery and witchcraft But being again convicted of the same practice she made her escape with Basilia and was never found But Pernil was burnt at Kilkenny and before her death declar'd That William above-said deserv'd punishment as well as she and that for a year and a day he wore the Devil's girdle about his bare body Hereupon the Bishop order'd the said William to be apprehended and imprison'd in the castle of Kilkenny for eight or nine weeks and gave orders that two men should attend him but that they should not eat or drink with him and that they should not speak to him above once a day At length he was set at large by the help of Arnold Lord Poer Seneschal of the County of Kilkenny whereupon he gave a great sum of mony to the said Arnold to imprison the Bishop likewise Accordingly he kept the Bishop himself in Prison for three months Among the goods of Alice they found a holy wafer with the Devil's name upon it and a Box with Ointment with which she us'd to daub a certain piece of wood call'd a Cowltre after which she and her accomplices could ride and gallop it wheresoever they pleas'd let the roads be good or bad without either hurt or hindrance These things being so notorious and crying Alice was cited again to appear at Dublin before the Dean of S. Patrick's Church having some hopes of greater favor given her She made her appearance and crav'd a day to answer having given sufficient bail as it was thought However she was not to be found for by the counsel of her son and others unknown she hid her self in a certain village till the wind would serve for England and then she sail'd over but it could never be known where she went William Utlaw being found by the trial and confession of Pernel who was condemn'd to be burnt to have been consenting to his mother in her sorcery and witchcraft the Bishop caus'd him to be arrested by the King 's writ and put in prison yet he was set at liberty again by the intercession of some great Lords upon condition that he should cover S. Mary's Church in Kilkenny with lead and do other acts of charity within a certain day and that if he did not perform them punctually he should be in the same state as he was when first taken by the King 's writ MCCCXXVI At Whitsontide a Parliament was held in Kilkenny where was present Richard Lord Burk Earl of Ulster though somewhat weak and out of order and all the Lords and great men of Ireland who with the people were all nobly feasted by the Earl Afterwards the Earl taking his leave of the Lords and Nobles went to Athisel and there died A little before the feast of John the Baptist he was there interr'd William Lord Burk was his heir MCCCXXVII There happen'd an out-fal between Moris Lord Fitz Thomas and Arnold Lord Pouer. The Lord Moris was seconded by the Lord Botiller and William Lord Bermingham and the Lord Arnold with the Bourkeyns many of whom were â—ain in this fray by the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas and some driven iâ—to Conaught The same year after Michaelmas the Lord Arnold came to assist the Bourkeins and upon the Lord Arnold's calling him Rymour and affronting him with some uncivil terms the Lord Maurice raised an Army and together with Botiller and the said William Bermingham burnt and wasted the lands and territories of the Lord Arnold in Ofath Bermingham burnt also the lands and mannor-houses which belong'd to him in Mounster and burnt Kenlys in Ossory So that the Lord Arnold was forc'd to fly with the Baron of Donnoyl to Waterford where they remain'd a month and then the Earl of Kildare Chief Justice of Ireland and others of the King's Counsel order'd them to parlee However the Lord Arnold would not observe it but came to Dublin and about the feast of the Purification embark'd for England Upon this Moris Botiller and William Lord Bermingham came with a great army and burnt and wasted his lands the King's Counsel began to dread this powerful army and the mischiefs they had done so much that they strengthned their city-guards lest they themselves might be surpriz'd The Lord Moris Lord Botiller and Bermingham hearing of this provision against them sent to the King's Counsel that they would come to Kilkenny and there clear themselves to satisfie them they had no design upon the lands of their Sovereign Lord the King but only intended to be reveng'd of their enemies The Earl of Kildare Chief Justice of Ireland the Prior of Kilmaynon namely Roger Outlaw Chancellour of Ireland Nicholas Fastal Justiciary in Banco and others of the King's Council came accordingly to this Parliament the Lord Moris and Bermingham demanded the King's Charter of peace in the first-place But they of the King's Counsel warily desir'd that they might have till a month after Easter to consider of it Before Lent this year the Irish of Leinster assembled and set up Donald the son of Arte Mac Murgh for their King Whereupon he took a resolution to set up his Banner within two miles of Dublin and march from thence into all parts of Ireland But God seeing his pride and malicious designs suffer'd him to fall into the hands of Henry Lord Traharn who brought him to the Salmon's-leap and had 200 l. of him to save his life from thence he carried him to Dublin to stay in the castle till the King's Council should give farther Orders After this the Irish in Leinster underwent many misfortunes David O Thohil was taken prisoner by John Lord Wellesley and many of them were cut off The same year Adam Duff the son of Walter Duff of Leinster who was related to the O Tothiles was convicted for denying the incarnation of Christ
and holding there could not be three persons and one God Among other tenents he asserted that the blessed Virgin our Saviour's mother was an harlot that there was no resurection that the holy Scripture was a mere fable and that the apostolical See was an imposture and a groundless usurpation Upon these Articles Duff was convicted of heresie and blasphemy and was thereupon burnt at Hoggis green near Dublin on the Monday after the octaves of Easter in the year 1328. MCCCXXVIII On Tuesday in Easter-week Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare and Chief Justice of Ireland departed this life and was succeeded in the office of Justiciary by Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmaynan The same year David O Tothil a stout rapperie and an enemy to the King who had burnt Churches and destroy'd many people was brought out of the castle of Dublin to the Toll of the City before Nicholas Fastol and Elias Ashburne Judges of the King's-Bench who sentenc'd him to be dragg'd at a horse's tail through the City to the Gallows and to be hang'd upon a Gibbet which was after executed accordingly Item In the same year the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas rais'd a great army to destroy the Bourkeyns and the Poers The same year William Lord Bourk Earl of Ulster was knighted at London on Whitsunday and the King gave him his Seigniory Item This year James Botiller married the daughter of the Earl of Hereford in England and was made Earl of Ormond being before called Earl of Tiperary The same Year a Parliament was held at Northampton where many of the English Nobility met and a peace was renew'd between the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland and confirm'd by marriages It was enacted also that the Earl of Ulster with several of the English Nobility should go to Berwick upon Tweed to see the marriage solemniz'd The same year after the solemnity of this match at Berwick was over Robert Brus King of Scots William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster the Earl of Meneteth and many other of the Scotch Nobility came very peaceably to Cragfergus whence they sent to the Justiciary of Ireland and the Council that they would meet them at Green Castle to treat about a Peace between Scotland and Ireland but the Justiciary and Council coming not accotding to the King's appointment he took his leave of the Earl of Ulster and return'd into his own Country after the Assumption of the blessed Virgin and the Earl of Ulster came to the Parliament at Dublin where he staid six days and made a great entertainment after which he went into Conaught The same year about the feast of S. Catharine the virgin the Bishop of Ossory certified to the King's Council that Sir Arnold Pour was upon divers Articles convicted before him of heresie Whereupon at the Bishop's suit Sir Arnold Poer by vertue of the King's Writ was arrested and clapt in the Castle of Dublin and a day was appointed for the Bishop's coming to Dublin in order to prosecute him but he excused himself because his enemies had way-laid him for his life So that the King's Council could not put an end to this business wherefore Sir Arnold was kept prisoner in the Castle of Dublin till the following Parliament which was in Midlent where all the Irish Nobility were present The same year Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland Lord Justice and Chancellor of Ireland was scandalized by the said Bishop for favouring heresies and for advising and abetting Sir Arnold in his heretical practice Wherefore the Frier finding himself so unworthily defamed petitioned the King's Council that he might have leave to clear himself which upon consultation they granted and caused it to be proclaim'd for three days together That if there were any person who could inform against the said Frier he should come in and prosecute him but no body came Upon which Roger the Frier procured the King 's Writ to summon the Elders of Ireland viz. the Bishops Abbots Priors and the Mayors of Dublin Cork Limerick Waterford and Drogheda also the Sheriffs and Seneschals together with the Knights of the Shires and the better sort of Free-holders to repair to Dublin out of which six were chosen to examine the cause viz. M. William Rodyard Dean of the Cathedral-Church of S. Patrick in Dublin the Abbot of S. Thomas the Abbot of S. Mary's the Prior of the Church of the holy Trinity in Dublin M. Elias Lawles and Mr. Peter Willebey who convened those who were cited and examined them all apart who deposed upon their Oaths that he was a very honest faithful and zealous embracer of the Christian Faith and would if occasion serv'd lay down his Life for it And because his vindication was so solemn he made a noble entertainment for all them who would come The same year in Lent died Sir Arnold Pouer in the Castle of Dublin and lay a long time unburied in the house of the predicant Friers MCCCXXIX After the feast of the annunciation of the bless'd Virgin Mary the Irish nobility came to the Parliament at Dublin to wit the Earl of Ulster Moris Lord Fitz Thomas the Earl of Louth William Bermingham and the rest of the Peers where was a new peace made between the Earl of Ulster and my Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas and the Lords with the King's Council made an Order against riots or any other breach of the King's peace so that every Nobleman should govern within his own Seignory The Earl of Ulster made a great feast in the Castle of Dublin and the day after the Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas made another in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin as did also Frier Roger Outlaw Lord Chief Justice of Ireland on the third day at Kylmaynan and after this they went all home again The same year on S. Barnaby's eve Sir John Bermingham Earl of Louth was kill'd at Balybragan in Urgale by the inhabitants and with him his own brother Peter Bermingham besides Robert Bermingham his reputed brother and Sir John Bermingham son to his brother Richard Lord of Anry William Finne Bermingham the Lord Anry's Uncle's son Simon Bermingham the aforesaid William's son Thomas Berminghan son to Robert of Conaught Peter Bermingham son to James of Conaught Henry Bermingham of Conaught and Richard Talbot of Malaghide a man of great courage besides 200 men whose names are not known After this slaughter Simon Genevils men invaded the Country of Carbry that they might by their plunder ruin the inhabitants for the thefts and murders they had so often committed in Meth but by their rising they prevented the invasion and slew 76 of the Lord Simon 's men The same year also on the day after Trinity-sunday John Gernon and his brother Roger Gernon came to Dublin in the behalf of those of Urgale that they might be tried by the Common-law And on the Tuesday after S. John's-day John and Roger hearing the Lord William Bermingham was a coming to Dublin left
it The same year on S. Laurence's-eve Thomas Lord Botiller marched with a great army into the Country of Ardnorwith where he fought with the Lord Thomas William Macgoghgan and was there kill'd to the great loss of Ireland and with him John Lord Ledewich Roger and Thomas Ledewich John Nangle Meiler and Simon Petitt David Nangle Sir John Waringer James Terel Nicholas White William Freynes Peter Kent and John White besides 140. whose names we know not The Tuesday before the feast of S. Bartholomew the said Lord Thomas's body was convey'd to Dublin and laid in the house of the predicant Friers unburied till the sunday after the feast of the beheading of S. John Baptist when he was very honourably carried through the City and interr'd in the Church of the predicant Friers which very day his wife gave a great entertainment The same year John Lord Darcy came a second time Justice of Ireland who at Maynoth on the third of July espoused the Lady Joan Burg Countess of Kildare Item Philip Staunton was slain and Henry Lord Traharn was treacherously taken in his own house at Kilbego by Richard son to Philip Onolan James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond burnt Foghird in revenge to Onolan for his brother Henry's sake The same year the Wednesday after the feast of the Ascension of the blessed Virgin John Lord Darcy Justice of Ireland went towards the Country of New-castle of Mackingham and of Wikelow against the O Brynns and the Monday following some of the Lawles were killed and more wounded and Robert Locam was wounded and of the Irish the better sort were slain many wounded and the rest ran away But Murkad O Brynne with his son uncle and uncle's son yielded themselves hostages and were carried to the Castle of Dublin But were afterwards in exchange of Hostages who were of the best of their Kindred set at liberty The same year John Lord Darcy Chief Justice and the King's Council in Ireland about the feast of our Lord's Circumcision commanded Moris Lord Fitz Thomas of Desmond to march with his Army against his Majesties enemies for to subdue them And that the King would take care to defray the Charge he should be at both for himself and his Army so the Lord fitz-Fitz-Thomas accompanied by Briene O-Brene came with an Army of ten thousand Men with which he march'd against the O-nolanes and conquer'd them having got a considerable Booty and wasted their Country by fire the O-nolanes fled but afterwards deliver'd Hostages who were sent to the Castle of Dublin Hence he march'd against the O-Morches who gave Hostages with a promise of living quietly The same time the Castle of Ley which O-Dympcy had taken and kept was surrender'd to him This year after the Epiphany Donald arte Mac-Murgh made his escape out of the Castle of Dublin by a Cord which one Adam Nangle had bought him who for his pains was drawn and hang'd MCCCXXX About the feast of S. Catherine S. Nicholas and the Nativity of our Lord the winds were in several places very high so that on S. Nicholas-eve they blew down part of the wall of a certain House which in the falling kill'd Sir Miles Verdon's wife and daughter there was never yet known such winds in Ireland There was such an overflowing of the River Boyn this year as was never seen before which flung down all the Bridges upon this River both Wood and Stone except Babe-bridge The violence also of the water carried away several Mills and did very much damage to the Friers-minors of Trym and Drogheda by breaking down their Houses The same year about S. John Baptist's-day there was a great dearth of Corn in Ireland which lasted till Michaelmas A cranoc of Wheat was sold for 20 Shillings a cranoc of Oats Pease Beans and Barly for 8 Shillings This dearth was occasion'd by the great Rains so that a great deal of the standing Corn could not be cut before Michaelmas The same year about Lent the English in Meth killed some of the Irish viz. the Mac-goghiganes near Loghynerthy which did so incense Mac-goghigan that he burnt and sack'd in those Parts 15 small Villages which the English seeing gathered together in a Body against him and kill'd 110 of his men among whom were three Irish Kings sons Item The Lord William Burgh Earl of Ulster march'd with his Army out of Ulster against Briene O Brene in Munster Also the Lady Joan Countess of Kildare was at Maynoth brought to Bed of William her first Son which the Lord John Darcy had by her who was then in England Item Reymund Lawles was treacherously kill'd at Wickelow This year Frier Roger Utlaw Prior of Kylmainan then Deputy to the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland held a Parliament at Kilkenny where were present Alexander Archbishop of Dublin William Earl of Ulster James Earl of Ormond William Lord Bermingham Walter Burg of Conaught who all went with a considerable force to drive Briene O-Brene out of Urkyst near Cashill Item Walter Burg with the Forces he rais'd in Conaught plunder'd the Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas's lands and brought away with him the Booty to Urkyff Also the Earl of Ulster and the Earl of Desmond viz. the Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas for I never yet call'd him Earl by Frier Roger Utlaws order then Justice of Ireland were committed to the custody of the Marshal at Limerick But the Earl of Desmond very cunningly made his escape MCCCXXXI The Lord Hugh Lacy having got the King's Pardon came into Ireland And the Earl of Ulster came into England The 19th of April the English beat the Irish in O-Kenseley and the one and twentieth of April the Irish perfidiously took the Castle of Arclo The same day on S. Mark the Evangelist's-eve the O-Totheles came to Tanelagh and forced away from Alexander Archbishop of Dublin 300 Sheep and killed Richard White with many other Gentlemen of his Company There were divers Reports at Dublin about this Plunder and Slaughter and Sir Philip Bryt Frier Moris Fitz-Gerald Knight of the Order of the Hospitalers Hammund Lord Archdekyn John Chamberlaine Robert Tyrell and Reginald Bernewall's two Sons besides many others but especially of the Archbishop of Dublin's Retinue were kill'd by David O-Tothill in an Ambuscade in Culiagh The Lord William Bermingham march'd with a great Army against the foresaid Irish to whom he did much harm and had not the Irish made some false Promises would have done them much more The Third of June the Lord Anthony Lucy came Chief Justice of Ireland This year also the English who inhabit about Thurles in the month of May gave the Irish under the command of Briene O-Brene a great overthrow and upon the 11th of June gave them another at Finnagh in Meth. The 27th of June when there was so great a Famine in Ireland through God's mercy there came a-shoar such a vast number of great Sea-fish called Thurlhedis as had not been seen in many Ages for according to the common estimate there
were above 500 this happened about the evening near Connyng and the water call'd Dodyz in Dublin-haven The Lord Anthony Lucy with his own Servants and some of the Citizens of Dublin among whom was Philip Cradoc kill'd above 200 of them and gave leave to any body to fetch away what they would The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland appointed a common Parliament to be held at Dublin on the Octaves of S. John Baptist whither some of the best of the Irish Nobility came not However he remov'd to Kilkenny and prorogued the Parliament to S. Peter's feast Ad vincula hither came the Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas and many more Noblemen who were not there before and submitted to the King's mercy And the King for his part very graciously forgave them whatever they had done against him under a certain form In August the Irish by treachery took the Castle of Firnis which they burnt The Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas of Desmond by an order of Council was taken the day after the Assumption of our blessed Virgin at Limerick by the Chief Justice and by him brought to the Castle of Dublin the 7th of October In September Henry Mandevill by vertue of a Warrant from Simon Fitz-Richard Justice in the King's-bench was taken and brought to the Castle of Dublin In November Walter Burck and his two Brothers were taken in Connaught by the Earl of Ulster and in February were by him brought to the Castle of Northburg In February the Lord William Bermingham and his son Lord Bermingham were taken at Clomel by the said Justice notwithstanding he had before granted them his Majesty's Pardon and the 19th of April were conducted to Dublin-castle The Irish of Leinster plunder'd the English and burnt their Churches and in the Church of Freineston burnt about eighty Men and Women and a certain Chaplain of that Church whom with their Javelins they hinder'd from coming out tho' in his holy Vestments and with the Lord's body in his hand burning him with the rest in the Church The news of it came to the Pope who sert his Bull to the Archbishop of Dublin commanding him to excommunicate those Irish and all their adherents and retinue and to interdict their Lands Now the Archbishop fulfill'd the Pope's commands but the Irish despised the bull excommunication interdiction and the Church's chastisement and continuing in their wickedness did again make a body and invaded the county of Weisford as far as Carcarn and plundred the whole country Richard White and Richard Fitz-Henry with the Burghers of Weisford and other English made head against them and kill'd about 400 of the Irish besides a great many more were in the pursuit drown d in the river Slane MCCCXXXII The eleventh of July William Bermingham by my Lord Chief Justice's order was put to death and hanged at Dublin but his son Walter was set at liberty Sir William was a noble Knight and very much renown'd for his warlike exploits alas what pity it was for who can commemorate his death without tears He was afterwards buried at Dublin among the Predicant Friers The Castle of Bonraty was taken and in July was rased to the ground by the Irish of Totomon Also the Castle of Arclo was taken from the Irish by the Lord Chief Justice and the citizens of Dublin with the help of the English of that Country and was the 8th of August a rebuilding in the King's Hands The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland was put out of his place and in November returned into England with his wife and children The Lord John Darcy succeeded him and came into Ireland the 13th of February There was about this time a great slaughter of the Irish in Munster made by the English inhabitants of that Country and Briens O-Brene with Mac-Karthy was beaten Item John Decer a citizen of Dublin died and was buried in the Church of the Minor Friers he was a man who did a great deal of good Also a disease called Mauses reigned very much all over Ireland and infected all sorts of People as well old as young The hostages who were kept in the Castle of Limeric kill'd the Constable and took the Castle but upon the citizens regaining of 〈◊〉 they were put to the sword The Hostages also took the Castle â—f Nenagh but part of it being burnt it was again recover'd â—nd the Hostages restored A of wheat about Christmas â—as sold for 22 shillings and soon after Easter very common for 〈◊〉 pence The Town of New-Castle of Lions was burnt and plunâ—ered by the O-Tothiles MCCCXXXIII John Lord Darcy the new Chief Justice of â—reland arrived at Dublin The Berminghams of Carbery got a great booty of above 2000 Cows from the O-Conghirs The Lord John Darcy ordered the â—ass at Ethrgovil in Offaly to be cut down that he might stop O-Conghir The Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond after he had â—een imprison'd a year and an half in Dublin was let out having â—ot some of the best of the Irish Nobility as mainprizes to be bound â—or him under penalty of their lives and estates if the said Lord â—hould attempt any thing against the King or did not appear and â—â—and trial Item William Burk Earl of Ulster on the 6th of June between New-Town and Cragfergus in Ulster was most treacherously kill'd â—y his own company in the twentieth year of his age Robert son â—o Mauriton Maundevile gave him the first blow As soon as his â—ife heard of it who was then in that part of Ulster she prudently â—mbark'd with her son and daughter and went for England The Lord John Darcy to revenge his murder by the advice of the Parliament then assembled shipp'd his Army with which the first of â—uly he arriv'd at Cragfergus The people of that Country were â—o glad at his arrival that they took courage and unanimously reâ—olv'd to revenge the Earl's death and in a pitch'd battle got a â—ictory some of them they took others they put to the sword When this was over the Lord Chief Justice went with his Army â—nto Scotland leaving M. Thomas Burgh then Treasurer to supply â—is place Item Many of the Irish Nobility and the Earl of Ormond with â—heir retinue assembled on the 11th of June at the house of the Carmelite Friers in Dublin during this Parliament as they were going out of the Court-yard of the Friers House Murcardus or Moris Nicholas O-Tothil's son was in the croud suddenly murder'd â—pon which the Nobility supposing there was treason in it were very much affrighted but the Murtherer made his escape without being known so much as by name Item The Lord John Darcy return'd Chief Justice of Ireâ—and Item In February the Lord Walter Bermingham son to the Lord William was let out of Dublin Castle Item The Lord Moris Son of Thomas Earl of Desmond by a â—all off his horse broke his leg Item It happen'd to be so dry a Summer that at the feast of S. Peter ad
Ulster came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland upon whose coming the fair Weather suddenly turned foul and there was nothing but rainy and tempestuous Weather whilst he liv'd None of his Predecessors were comparable to him for he oppress'd the Irish and robbed both Clergy and Laity of their Goods neither did he spare the Poor more than the Rich under a colour of doing good he defrauded many He observed neither the Ecclesiastical nor Civil Laws He was injurious to the natural Irish and did Justice to few if any wholly distrusting all the Inhabitants except some few And being mis-led by his Wife's Counsel these things were his daily Attempts and Practices Item In March as he was going into Ulster through a Pass call'd Emerdullan he was there set upon by one Maccartan who robb'd him of his Mony Cloaths Goods Plate and Horses and kill'd some of his men But at last the chief Justice with the Ergalians got the Victory and made his way into Ulster MCCCXLV The seventh of June there was a Parliament held at Dublin where the Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond was not present Item D. Ralph Ufford the Chief Justice of Ireland after S. John Baptist's day without the consent of the Irish Nobility set up the King's Standard against D. Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond and marched into Munster where he seized on the Earl's Estate and farmed it out to others for a certain yearly Rent to be paid the King Item Whilst he was in Munster he gave Sir William Burton two Writs who was to give one of them to D. Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare The Contents of which were That under the forfeiture of his whole Estate he forthwith repair unto him with a considerable force to assist the King and him The other was an Order to Sir William Burton to apprehend the Earl of Kildare and imprison him which he finding impracticable persuaded the Earl who was preparing himself with his Army and levying forces to assist the Chief Justice that he should first go to the King's Council at Dublin and act in concert with them that in his Absence his Land might be kept safe and if any harm should come it shou'd be through the default of the Kings Council and not in him Upon this the Earl not distrusting Sir William nor any Plot that was against him prepar'd to go for Dublin where when he came altogether ignorant of the Treachery as he was consulting with the K.'s Council in the Exchequer on a sudden Sir William arrested him and he was taken and carried to the Castle Item The Chief Justice marched with his Army to O-Comill in Munster and to Kering where by treachery he took two Castles of the Earl of Desmond viz. the Castle of Ynyskysty and the Island-castle in which were Sir Eustace Poer Sir William Graunt and Sir John Cottrell who were first drawn and then in October hang'd Item The Chief Justice banished the Earl of Desmond with some other of his Knights After that in November he return'd with his Forces out of Munster to see his Wife then big with Child at Kylmainan near Dublin Besides what he had done to the Laity in indicting imprisoning and in robbing them of their Goods he had also plagued the Ecclesiastical Men as well Priests as Clerks by Arrests and Imprisonment to the end he might fleece them Item He revoked the Grants and Demises of their Lands bestowing them upon other Tenants as also the Writings concerning those Grants notwithstanding they were signed by him and sealed with the King's Seal Item The Earl of Desmond's 26 Mainprisers as well Earls as Barons Knights and others viz. William Lord Burke Earl of Ulster James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond Sir Richard Tuit Sir Eustace Poer Sir Gerald de Rochfort Sir John Fitz Robert Poer Sir Robert Barry Sir Moris Fitz-Gerald Sir John Wellesly Sir Walter Lenfaunt Sir Roger de la Rokell Sir Henry Traharn Sir Roger Poer Sir John Lenfaunt Sir Roger Poer Sir Matthew Fitz-Henry Sir Richard Wallis Sir Edward Burk son to the Earl of Ulster David Barry William Fitz-Gerald Fulk Ash Robert Fitz-Moris Henry Barkley John Fitz-George Roch and Thomas de Lees de Burgh who notwithstanding some of them had been at great Expences in the War with the Chief Justice and in pursuing of the Earls of Desmond yet he depriv'd them of their Estates and disinherited them and sent them all to Prison during the King's pleasure except four viz. William Burg Earl of Ulster James Botiller Earl of Ormond c. MCCCXLVI On Palm-sunday which was on the 9th of April D. Ralph Ufford the Lord Chief Justice died whose death was very much lamented by his Wife and Family but the loyal Subjects of Ireland rejoyced at it and both the Clergy and Laity out of joy did on purpose celebrate a solemn Feast at Easter Upon his death the Floods ceased and the Air again grew wholesome and the common sort of People thanked God for it Being laid in a strong sheet of Lead his Countess very sorrowfully conveyed his bowels with his Treasure not worthy to be bestowed among such holy Relicks into England where he was Interr d. And at last on the second of May a Prodigy which without doubt was the effect of divine Providence this fine Lady who came so gloriously into Dublin with the King's Ensigns and a great number of Soldiers attending her through the Streets where she lived a short time like a Queen of Ireland went out privily at a back Gate in the Castle to avoid the Peoples Clamors for their just Debts and in her disgraceful return home was attended with the Symptoms of death sorrow and heaviness Item After the death of the said Chief Justice Robert Lord Darcy by the consent of the King's Ministers and others was chosen to supply the office of Chief Justice for the time being Item The Castles of Ley and Kylmehede were taken and burnt by the Irish in April Item John Lord Moris being made Chief Justice of Ireland arrived here the 15th of May. The Irish of Ulster gave a great defeat to the English of Urgale in June three hundred at least of them were cut off Item Moris Chief Justice of Ireland was turn'd out of that office by the King and Walter Lord Bermingham put in who came into Ireland with his commission in June sometime after the great slaughter but now mention'd Item The care and preservation of the peace was committed by the King for some time to Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond Having receiv'd this order on the eve of the exaltation of the holy Cross he embark'd immediately thereupon with his Wife and two Sons at Yoghil and arriv'd in England where he pressed hard in a suiâ— at law to have justice against Ralph Ufford the late Lord Chief Justice for the wrongs he had done him Item by the King's order the Earl was to be allow'd twenty shillings a day from the time of his first arrival during
and made ready to entertain the Conquerors whosoever they should be usually saying upon this occasion That it would be a shame if such Guests should come and find him unprovided It pleasing God to bless them with the Victory he invited them all to Supper to rejoice with him giving God the thanks for his success telling them He thought the things look'd as well upon his Table as running in his Fields notwithstanding some advis'd him to be saving He was buried in the Convent-church of the Friers-predicants of Coulrath near the river Banne Item The Earl of Ormond Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare was made Chief Justice of Ireland by a charter or commission after this manner Omnibus c. To all whom these Presents shall come greeting Know ye that we have committed to our faithful and loving Subject Moris Earl of Kildare the office of Chief Justice of our Kingdom of Ireland together with the Nation it self and the Castles and other Appurtenances thereunto belonging to keep and govern during our will and pleasure commanding that while he remains in the said office he shall receive the sum of five hundred pounds yearly cut of our Exchequer at Dublin Vpon which consideration he shall perform the said office and take care of the Kingdom and maintain twenty Men and Horse in arms constantly whereof himself shall be one during the enjoyment of the said commission In witness whereof c. Given at Dublin by the hands of our beloved in Christ Frier Thomas Burgey Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland our Chancellor of that Kingdom on the 30th of March being the 35th year of our reign Item James Botiller Earl of Ormond return'd to Ireland being made Lord Chief Justice as before whereupon the Earl of Kildare resign'd to him MCCCLXI Leonel son to the King of England and Earl of Ulster in right of his Wife came as the King's Lieutenant into Ireland and on the 8th of September being the Nativity of the blessed Virgin arriv'd at Dublin with his Wife Elizabeth the Daughter and Heir of William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster Another Pestilence happen'd this year There died in England Henry Duke of Lancaster the Earl of March and the Earl of Northampton Item On the 6th of January Moris Doncref a Citizen of Dublin was buried in the Church-yard of the Friers-predicants in this City having contributed 40 l. towards glazing the Church of that Convent Item There died this year Joan Fleming wife to Geffery Lord Trevers and Margaret Bermingham wife to Robert Lord Preston on S. Margaret's eve and were buried in the Church of the Friers-predicants of Tredagh Item Walter Lord Bermingham the younger died on S. Lawrence-day who left his Estate to be divided among his Sisters one of whose Shares came to the aforesaid Preston Item Leonel having arriv'd in Ireland and refresh'd himself for some few days enter'd into a War with O Brynne and made Proclamation in his Army That no Irish should be suffer'd to come near his Army One hundred of his own Pensioners were slain Leonel hereupon drew up both the English and the Irish into one body went on successfully and by God's mercy and this means grew victorious in all places against the Irish Among many both English and Irish whom he knighted were these Robert Preston Robert Holiwood Thomas Talbot Walter Cusacke James de la Hide John Ash and Patrick and Robert Ash Item He remov'd the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlagh and gave 500 l. towards walling the Town Item On the feast of S. Maur Abbot there happen'd a violent Wind that shook or blew down the Pinnacles Battlements Chimnies and such other Buildings as overtop'd the rest to be particular it blew down very many Trees and some Steeples for instance the Steeple of the Friers-predicants MCCCLXII In the 36th year of this King's reign and on the 8th of April S. Patrick's church in Dublin was burnt down through negligence MCCCLXIV In the 38th year of this reign Leonel Earl of Ulster arriv'd on the 22d of April in England leaving the Earl of Ormond to administer as his Deputy On the 8th of December following he return'd again MCCCLXV In the 39th of this reign Leonel Duke of Clarence went again into England leaving Sir Thomas Dale Knight Deputy-keeper and Chief Justice in his absencc MCCCLXVII A great feud arose between the Berminghams of Carbry and the People of Meth occasion'd by the depredations they had made in that Country Sir Robert Preston Knight Chief Baron of the Exchequer put a good Garrison into Carbry-castle and laid out a great deal of mony against the King's Enemies that he might be able to defend what he held in his Wife 's right Item Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond was made Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCLXVIII In the 42d year of the same reign after a Parliament of the English and Irish Frier Thomas Burley Prior of Kylmaynon the King's Chancellor in Ireland John Fitz-Reicher Sheriff of Meth Sir Robert Tirill Baron of Castle-knoke and many more were taken Prisoners at Carbry by the Berminghams and others of that Town James Bermingham who was then kept in Irons as a Traytor in the castle of Trim was set at liberty in exchange for the Chancellor the rest were forc'd to ransom themselves Item The Church of S. Maries in Trim was burnt down by the negligent keeping of the fire in the monastery Item On the vigil of S. Luke the Evangelist Leonel Duke of Clarence died at Albe in Pyemont He was first buried in the city Papy near S. Augustin and afterwards in the Convent-church of the Austin Fryers at Clare in England MCCCLXIX In the 43d year cf this reign Sir Willium Windefore Knight a Person of great valour and courage being made the King's Deputy came into Ireland on the 12th of July to whom Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond resign'd the office of Chief Justice MCCCLXX In the 44th year of this reign a Pestilence rag'd in Ireland more violent than either of the former two many of the Nobility and Gentry as also Citizens and Children innumerable died of it The same year Gerald Fitz-Maurice Earl of Desmond John Lord Nicholas Thomas Lord fitz-Fitz-John and many others of the Nobility were taken Prisoners on the 6th of July near the Monastery of Magie in the County of Limerick by O-Breen and Mac Comar of Thomond many were slain in the Fray Whereupon the Lieutenant went over to Limerick in order to defend Mounster leaving the War against the O-Tothiles and the rest in Leinster till some other opportunity This year died Robert Lord Terell Baron of Castle Knock together with his son and heir and his Wife Scolastica Houth so that the Inheritance was shared between Joan and Maud the sisters of the said Robert Terell Item Simon Lord Fleming Baron of Slane John Lord Cusak Baron of Colmolyn and John Taylor late mayor of Dublin a very
rich man died this year This Continuation following is took from a Manuscript Chronicle in the Hands of Henry Marleburgh MCCCLXXII SIr Robert Ashton being made Chief Justice came into Ireland MCCCLXXIII A great war between the English of Meth and O-Feroll with much slaughter on both sides Item John Lord Husse Baron of Galtrim John Fitz Richard Sheriff of Meth and William Dalton were in May kill'd by the Irish in Kynaleagh MCCCLXXV Died Thomas Archbishop of Dublin the same year Robert of Wickford was consecrated Archbishop of this see MCCCLXXXI Edmund Mortimer the King's Lieutenant in Ireland Earl of March and Ulster died at Cork MCCCLXXXIII A raging pestilence in Ireland MCCCLXXXV Dublin bridge fell down MCCCXC Died Robert Wikford Archbishop of Dublin Robeâ—t Waldebey Archbishop of Dublin of the order of the Austin Friers was translated also this year MCCCXCVII Died Frier Richard Northalis Archbishop of Dublin of the order of the Carmelites This year Thomas Crauley was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin Thomas Lord Burk and Walter Lord Bermingham cut off 600 of the Irish and Mac Con their Captain * Read Roger. Edmund Earl of March Lieutenant of Ireland with the assistance of the Earl of Ormond wasted the Country of O Bryn and knighted Christopher Preston John Bedeleu Edmund Loundris John Loundry William Nugent Walter de la Hide and Rober Cadel at the storming of a strong mannor-house of the said O Bryn MCCCXCVIII Forty English among whom were John Fitz Williams Thomas Talbot and Thomas Comyn were unfortunately cut off on the Ascension day by the Tothils On S. Margaret's day this year Roger Earl of March the King's Lieutenant was slain with many others by O Bryn and other Irish of Leinster at Kenlys in that province Roger Grey was appointed to succeed him in the office of Chief Justice On the Feast of S. Mark Pope and Confessor the noble Duke of Sutherey came into Ireland being made the King's Deputy Lieutenant thereof accompanied with the Archbishop of Dublin Thomas Crawley MCCCXCIX In the 23d year of King Richard being Sunday the very morrow after S. Petronil or Pernil the Virgin 's day King Richard arriv'd at Waterford with 200 sail At Ford in Kenlys within Kildare on the 6th day of this week two hundred of the Irish were slain by Jenicho and others of the English the next day the people of Dublin made an inroad into the Country of O Bryn cut off 33 of the Irish and took to the number of 80 men and women with their children prisoners The King came to Dublin this year on the fourth before the kalends of July and embark'd in great haste for England upon a report of Henry duke of Lancaster's being arriv'd there MCCCC At Whitsontide in the first year of King Henry IV. the Constable of Dublin-castle and several others engag'd the Scots at Stranford in Ulster which prov'd unfortunate to the English many of them being cut off and drown'd in that encounter MCCCCI In the second year of this reign Sir John Stanley the King's Lieutenant went over into England in May leaving Sir William Stanley to supply his office On Bartholomew-eve this year Stephen Scrope came into Ireland as Deputy to the Lord Thomas of Lancaster the King's Lieutenant The same year on the feast of S. Brice Bishop and Confessor Thomas Lord Lancaster the King's son being Viceroy of Ireland arriv'd at Dublin MCCCCII The Church of the Friers Predicants at Dublin was consecrated on the 5th of July by the Archbishop of this City The same day 493 Irish were slain by John Drake Mayor of Dublin assisted with the Citizens and the Country people near Bree where they gain'd a considerable victory In September this year a Parliament was held at Dublin Sir Bartholomew Verdon James White Stephen Gernon and their accomplices kill'd John Dowdal Sheriff of Louith in Urgal during this session MCCCCIII In the fourth year of King Henry IV. Sir Walter Beterley a valiant Knight then steward there with thirty more was kill'd in May. About the feast of S. Martin this year the King's Son Thomas went over into Enlgand leaving Stephen Scroop to officiate as his Deputy who return'd also on the first day of Lent into England after which the Lords of the Kingdom chose the Earl of Ormond Lord Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCCIV In the 5th Year of King Henry's reign died John Cowlton Archbishop of Armagh on the 5th of May and was succeeded by Nicholas Fleming The same year on S. Vitali's day a Parliament was held at Dublin by the Earl of Ormond at that time Chief Justice of the Kingdom where the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and the Charter of Ireland was confirm'd Patrick Savage was this year treacherously slain in Ulster by Mac Kilmori his brother Richard being also given in hostage was murder'd in prison after he had paid a ransom of 200 marks MCCCCV In the 6th year of King Henry three Scotch Galleys two at Green Castle and one at Dalkey were taken in May with the Captain Thomas Mac Golagh The merchants of Tredagh entred Scotland this year and took hostages and booty The same year Stephen Scroop went into England leaving the Earl of Ormond to officiate as Justice during his absence In June this year the people of Dublin invaded Scotland entering it at S. Ninians where they gallantly behav'd themselves after which they made a descent upon Wales and did great hurt among the Welsh in this expedition they carried the shrine of S. Cubie to the Church of the Holy Trinity in Dublin Item This year on the vigil of the blessed Virgin died James Botiller Earl of Ormond at Baligauran during his office he was much lamented and succeeded by Gerald Earl of Kildare MCCCCVI In the seventh year of King Richard the Dublinians on Corpus Christi day with the assistance of the country people overcame the Irish and kill'd some of them they took three ensigns and carried off several of their heads to Dublin The same year the Prior of Conal in a battle with 200 well-arm'd Irish on the Plain of Kildare vanquish'd them by his great valour killing some and putting the rest to flight The Prior and his party were not above twenty such is the regard of Providence to those that trust in it The same year after the feast of S. Michael Scroop Deputy Justice to Thomas the King's son Viceroy of Ireland arriv'd here The same year died Innocentius VII succeeded in the chair by Gregory The same year on S. Hilaries-day a Parliament was held at Dublin which broke up in Lent at Trym Meiler Bermingham slew Cathol O Conghir in the latter end of February about the same time died Sir Geffery Vaux a valiant Knight of the County of Carlagh MCCCCVII A perfidious base Irishman call'd Mac Adam Mac Gilmori never christen'd and therefore call'd Morbi nay one that had been the ruin of forty Churches took Patrick Savage prisoner forc'd him to pay 2000 marks for ransom
City A Council was held at Naas and a Subsidy of three hundred Marks therein granted to the Lord Deputy At the same time died Sir John Loundres in the fifth day of this Week which fell out to be in Coena Domini O-Thoil took four hundred Head of Cattle that belong'd to Balimer by which Action he broke his own Oath and the publick Peace On the fourth of May Mac Morthe the chief Captain of that Sept and of all the Irish in Leinster was taken Prisoner Hugh Cokesey was knighted on the same day On the last of May the Lieutenant the Archbishop of Dublin and the Mayor made the Castle of Kenini be demolish'd The day after Processus and Martinian William Lord Burgh with others of the English slew five hundred Irish and took O-Kelly prisoner On the feast of S. Mary Magdalen the Lieutenant John Talbot went into England leaving the Archbishop of Dublin to administer in his absence carrying the Curses of his Creditors along with him for he paid little or nothing for his Victuals and was indebted to many About the feast of S. Laurence several died in Normandy viz. Frier Thomas Botiller Prior of Kilmainan with many others Frier John Fitz-Henry succeeded him in the Priory The Archbishop being left Deputy fell upon the Scohies and cut off 30 Irish near the River Rodiston Item On the Ides of February died Frier John Fitz-Henry Prior of Kilmainan and was afterwards succeeded by Frier William Fitz-Thomas elected and confirm'd the morrow after S. Valentin's day Item The day after the feast of S. Peter in Cathedra John Talbot Lord Furnival surrender'd his place to Richard Lord Talbot Archbishop of Dublin who was after chosen Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCCXX On the fourth of April James Lord Botiller Earl of Ormond arriv'd at Waterford being made Lieutenant of Ireland and soon after permitted a Combat between his two Cousins of whom the one died in the Field and the other was carry'd off sore wounded to Kilkenny On S. George's day the said Lieutenant held a Council at Dublin and gave order for a Parliament therein In the mean time he took good Booty from O-Raly Mac-Mahon and Mac-Guyer On the 8th of June the Parliament met at Dublin and seven hundred Marks were therein granted to the Lord Deputy This Parliament continued sixteen days and at last was prorogued till the Monday after S. Andrews The Debts of the late Lord Talbot were computed in this Parliament which amounted to a great sum Item On the morrow after S. Michael's day Michael Bodley departed this life Item On S. Francis's eve died Frier Nicholas Talbot Abbot of S. Thomas the Martyr in Dublin succeeded by Frier John Whiting The morrow after S. Simon and Jude's day the castle of Colmolin was taken by Thomas Fitz-Geffery On S. Katherin the Virgin 's eve was born Botiller son and heir to the Earl of Ormond Item On monday after the feast of S. Andrew the foresaid Parliament met at Dublin and sate 13 days The Lieutenant had three hundred Marks granted him herein and it was at last adjourn'd till the monday after S. Ambrose A general Report was at this time That Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Desmond died on S. Laurence-day at Paris and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants there the King being present at his Funeral James Fitz-Gerald his Uncle by the Father's side succeeded to the Seigniory who had thrice dispossess'd him of his Estate and accus'd him of prodigality and waste both in Ireland and England and that he had already given or intended to give Lands to the Abbey of S. James at Keynisham MCCCCXXI The Parliament sat the third time at Dublin the monday after S. Ambrose and therein it was resolv'd That the Archbishop of Armagh and Sir Christopher Preston should be sent to the King for redress of Grievances At the same time Richard O-Hedian Bishop of Cassel was accused by John Gese Bishop of Lismore and Waterford upon 30 distinct Articles and after all That he favour'd the Irish and was averse to the English That he presented none of the English to any Benefices and had given order to other Bishops that they should not preferr them to any Living That he counterfeited the King's Seal and the King's Letters-patents and that he had attempted to make himself King of Mounster That he took a Ring away from the Image of S. Patrick which the Earl of Desmond had offer'd and given it to a Whore of his with several other Crimes all exhibited in Writing against him which created a great deal of vexatious trouble to the Lords and Commons In this Parliament there was also a Debate between Adam Pay Bishop of Clon and another Prelate for the Bishop of Clon was for annexing the other's Church to his See and the other oppos'd it so they were sent to Rome and their difference referr'd to the Pope This Session continued for 18 days In the nones of May a great Slaughter was made among the retinue of the Earl of Ormond Lord Deputy near the Monastery of Leys by O-Mordris 27 of the English were cut off The Principals were Purcel and Grant Ten Persons of Quality were taken Prisoners and 200 fled and were sav'd in the said Monastery On the Ides of May died Sir John Bedley Knight and Jeffery Galon formerly Mayor of Dublin who was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants of that City About this time Mac Mahon did great mischief in Urgal burning and wasting where-ever he came On the 7th of June the Lieutenant went into Leys against O-Moodris with a mighty Army which kill'd all they met with for four days together till the Irish at length promised peace and submission On S. Michael's day Thomas Stanley with all the Knights and ' Squires of Meth and Irel took Moyl O-Downyl prisoner and kill'd several in the 14th year of King Henry VI. No farther go any of the Annals of Ireland which I could meet with These I have inserted here to gratify such as delight in Antiquity As for those nice delicate Readers that would try all by the Writings of Augustus 's Age I am very sensible they will not relish them upon the score of a rough insipid dry Stile such as was common in the Age wherein these were writ However let them take this Consideration along with them That History bears and requires Authors of all sorts and that they must look for bare Matter in some Writers as well as fine Words in others FINIS INDEX A. AAron see Julius and Aaron Ab-Adams 68 238. ABALLABA 806. Abberbury-castle 544. Sir Rich. de 142. Abbot Geo. A. B. of Cant. 161. Rob. B. of Salisb. ibid. Sir Maurice L. Mayor of London ib. Abbots 132. Parliamentary Barons clxxxvii Abbotston 132. Aber what 662 739 939. Aber-Aaron 613. Aberbroth 613. Aber-Chienaug Castle 675. Aber-Conwy 666 671. Abercorn-castle 906. Aber-dau-Gledhau 630. Aberdeen New and Old 940. Aberford 712. Aber-Fraw 676. Abergavenni 598. Abergavenny Lords of 193
Burthred 482 491. Burton 434 448 473 533 728 740. Burnwel 353. Burwell 408. Busby 487 707. Bushbury 538. Busseys 465. Bustlers 406. Busy-gap 848. Buth 914. Buthe 1069. Butterby 776. Butiphant 980. Butler 100 239 243 294 296 319 342 346 454 503 543 545 593 594 789 793 983 984 988. Buttermeer 803. Buttevillein 437. Buttington 651. Buxton 494. Bwlch 645. Bwrdh Arth. 628. By Bye and Byan their Signification 397 472 511. Bygon 217. By-Laws what they signifie 397. Byrth-over 498. Byrdhyn fl 593. Byrig its signification 91. Byrks 724. Byrons 481. Byrsa 472. C. CAdbury 59. North 59 78. Cadells 998. Cadir 919. Cadleys 996. St. Cadoc ap Gwyelliw 691. Cadvan a British King 691. Cadwalla 709 725 853 854. Cadwellon 691. De Cadurcis or Chaworth 62. Sibylla 93. Coeling 8. Caer 30 603 654 689. Caer-Caradock 54â— 551. Caer-diff â—09 610. Caer-guid 899. Caer-hendinas 549 554. Caer-Laverock 907. â—aerliph Will. 272. â—â—er-mardhin 622 630. â—aer-narvon 665 666 673. â—aer-Palladur 70. Caer-vorran 793 807 848 869. Caesar-Augusta 343. Caesarea or Cherburg 343. Caesar 's Hill 181. Altar 205. Caesar Julius 155 172 187 188 197 199 120 203 204 205 213 221. Vid. Julius â—AESAROMAGVS 342 343 155 357. Caesars who call'd clxxii Cahaignes 280. Cahans 1018. Caâ—are 995. Cainc what 185 186. Cainsham 67 72 76 82. Caishoe Hundred 296. Caishobery 302. Cains John 404 413. Caius a famous Roman 656. Caius Bericus 347. Calais 208 209 777. CALATERIVM NEMVS 755. Calc what 714. CALCARIA 714 715. Caldecoâ— 597 714 732. Calder riv 707. Cadley 1049. Caldstream 901. Caldwell 762. Calebeg 1021. Caledon 506. CALEDONIA 925 926 935. CALEDONII 986. Caligula xliv 308. Callan riv 988. Callan town ib. Callidromos 235. Callipolis 235. Callistratia 235. Caln 87 102. Calphurnius 631. Calshot-castle 116 131. Calthrops 371. Caltosts a Family 484. Calves-heath 537. Caly 384. Cam xxiv Cam 236 403. Cam what in Danish 11. what 〈◊〉 British 403. Camalet 58 76 77. Câ—naâ—â—c 575. CAMALODVNVM xlv xlvi lii c. 347 357 706. Cambeck 835 839. Cambell 914 943. CAMBODVNVM 709 711 727. CAMBORITVM 403 404. Cambria xi 573. Cambridge in Glocestershire 236. Cambridge 404 c. Camden a Town 238 239. Viscount of ib. Camels 155. Camel riv 11 403. Camelet West 59. East ib. Camelford 11. Camelot 921 957. Camera Dianae 315 330 331. Camois Barons 172. John ib. Campbell-town 952. Camvils 506. Camulus 348. Camus 's Cross 953. Cancfield 796. Candida casa 910. Candish or Cavendish Will. 491. Candorus 14. Canford 50. CANGANI 185 186. CANGI 67 75 76 77 377 564. Cank or Canock-wood 531 532 556. Canninges 77. Cannings Hundr 67 75 77. Cannington 67 75 77. Canole-coal 771. CANONIVM 346. Canons Resident 92. Cantaber 404. Cantabri 977. Cantire 931. Cantlows 61 172 437 592 598. Cantelupo Geo. de 28 526. Tho. 576. Nich. 469. Canterbury 296 c. Hubert Archb. of 98. 354. Archbishops Primatâ—s of all England 720. CANTIVM 185. CANTIVM Proâ— 203. Cantrev-bychan 589 622. Cantrev-mewr 622. Canvey Island 341. Canvils 439. Canute 40 121 159 203 234 246 316 328 368 468 772 774. Capel-King 630. Capellar-hill 581. Capel-Shnan 635. Capels 359. Caracalla 785 Caradauc Urichfâ—aâ— 541. Caradocks 60. Caratacus xlvii 307 347 541 641 643. Carausius lxxiii 284 312. CARBANTORIGVM 907. Carbray 979. Cardigan 642. Cardines 909. Careg-cowse 6 20. Caren what 20. Carentocus 58. Carenton ibid. Caresbrook-castle 128 134. Caresdike 475. Careswell 534. Carew-castle 630. Carew Rich. 10 16. George Lord 39. Sir George 903. Geo. Dean 39. Sir Francis 159. Nich. Bar 31 159. John 177. Thomas 978. George 980. Nich. 987. Peter 988. Carews 29 141 159 630 987. Careâ—s 513 610. Cargaâ—l 7. Caâ—house 724. Carick Mac-Griffin 984. Carigfergus 1016. Carion 186. CARINI 947 Carleton 384 396 443 449. George 369. Ralph de 384 396. Carlingford 1009. Carlisle 833. â—4 Carmelites first in England 860. Carminows 7. Carn what 18 77. Carnabies 855. Carn-brag ibid. Carn chy ibid. Carn innis ibid. Carn-margh ibid. Carn-ulac ibid. Carnon of Carna 17. Carpenter John 248. Car Sir Rob. 85. Carrs 862. Car Riv. 43. Carram 861. Carre T. 74. Carreck 992. Carrict 911. Carriden 899. Corrocium 756. De Carss 923. Carthage 30. Carthaginians never in Britain cix Carth-cart riv 908. Cartismandun xxx 347 541 703 704. Cartmel 795. Cartwright Jo. 512. Carvilius 186. Carvils a Fam. 392. Carus and Carinus lxxiii Carys 29 41 302. Cary Sir Henr. 296 319. Sir Edw. 302. George Baron 319. Cary-castle 61. Cary-Lites ibid. Cashalton 158. Caslys 528. Cassandra 367. CASSII 277 278 295. Cassibelin's Town 296. Cassil 983. Cassibelaunus 277 278 368. CASSITERIDES 1111. Cassivelannus Longimanus 678. De Castel a Frenchman 29 45. Caster 424 435. Casterley 111. Castilion Joh. Baptâ— 141. Castle-Ashby 434. Castle-cary 56 61 712. Castle-croft 530. Castle-dun 916. Castleford 711 749. Castelhpain 585. Castelham 591. Castelh Colwen 585. Castle conel 984. Castelh-corndochen 663. Castle-comb 87. Castle-danis 11. Castle-dinas 590. Castleden 498. Castlegarde 28 34 205. Castle-green 48. Castle-hill 54 510 538. Castle-how 811. Castle-knock 993. Castle in the Peak 495. Castle-martin 990. Castle-mill 290. Castle-park 580. Castelh-prysor 663. Castle-ruff 219. Castle-steeds 835 839 855. Castle-thorp 285. Castles in England 862. Ireland 1020. Castleford Tho. de 729. CASTRA CONSTANTIA 1107. Castor 385 388 396 471. CASTRA ALATA 897. CASTRA EXPLORATORVM 841. Catabathmos 231 232. Catapultae 672. CATARRATCONIVM 761. Caterlogh 988. Catesby 432 520. Catarick 761 767 768. Catharin Daughter of W. Herbert 214 Widow of Th. Lord Berkley 249. Wife of Henry V. 318. Wife of Henry VIII 437. Dutchess of Suffolk 479. Wife of John Talbot 549. S. Catharine's Well 905. Cathbregion 59. Catigern 193. Cathness Earl of 947. CATINI ibid Catlidge 408 415. Catmose vale 455. Catteshul 154. CATTI 277. CATTIEVCHLANI 277 278 307 566. Catti-hill 537. Cattimarus 277. Cattle the Riches of Ireland 985. Cattle-stealers 908. CATVELLANI 231. CATVRACTONIVM 761 767. Catus Decianus 365 Caude 833 Caudebeck ibid. Caves Family 439. Cavels 12. Cavenaughs 988 992. Cavendishes 36 872. Cavendish Will. 493 711. Caverns 342 622 623. Caversfield 284. Caversham 281. Caun 77. Caurse-castle 543. Cauzes 484. Cawood 722. Caxton 403. Cay-hill 89. Ceada 341 344. S. Ceada see Chad. Ceadwalla see Cadwalla Ceaster 193. Ceaulin 70 85 100 111 159 238 240 266. Cecil Rob. 51 456. de Fortibus 61. Sir Tho. 159. Tho. Earl 442. William Lord 126 296 305 438 442 463 476 574. Cecils 32 94 107 760. Cecil Daughter to W. Baron Bonevil 33 67. Daughter to Jordan Fitz-Stephens 29. Countess of Oxon 319. Wife to J. Bourchier 62. Daughter of Hugh d'Albeney 668. Cedda 373. Cedwalla 117 129 168. Celd 217. Celibacy first enjoyn'd Priests 27 519 547. CELNIVS fluv CELTAE xii xv xvii xxi xxiii Celtiberians 185 186. Celurca 938. CENIMAGNI 77 365 365 395. CENIO 7. CENIONIS ostium ibid. Ceol 111. Ceolfrid 784. Cerdick 100 114 129 280 389. Cerdickford 114. Cerdicksand 389. Ceremonies at the investiture of the Princes of Wales 695 696. at the
57â— 572. Leighton 289 291 424 428 448 487 987. Leightons 544 655. Leike 534. Leir King 446. Leir riv 445. Leinster 986. Leith 222. LELANONIUS 917. LEMANIS 218. Lemington 240. Lemster 577. Lew what 399. Len or Lynne 392. Lennox 917. Dukes of 919. Lodowick Duke of 768. Lenham 192. Lenn 398. Lennard Samps 175. Lenos Charles 768. Lenthal Sir Rowl 161. Rowland 577. Lenton 478 487 488. Leod what 131. Leof 238. Leofgar 576. Leofrick 31 449 505 510 514. Leofstan 277 301 302 449. Leofwin 211 341 480. Leogria clxiii Leolin Prince of Wales 238. S. Leonards-forest 179. Leonard Tho. 83. Leonel Duke of Clarence 51 370. LEONIS CASTRUM 681. Monasterium 577. Leonminster see Lemster Leons or Lion 937. Leon in Spain 558. Leon Vaur 558. S. Leonard 's Forest 169. Lepers 778. Leprosy 448. Leskerd 8 19. Lesley 948. Lesleys 928 943. Lestoffe 376. Lestormin 8. Lestrange Hamon 393. Eubulo 473 474. John 544 548 239 256 309 391. Lestranges 548 549 550. Lestuthiel 8. Leth 899. Lethowsow 1110. Letrim 1005. Lettidur 286. LEUCARUM 614. Leucopibia 910. LEVATRAE 807. Levels 725. Level-tax 181. Leventhorps 295. S. Leven 20. Leven 833. Levens 805 810. Levin riv 917 927 949. Levingston 900 905. Levinus 10. Lewellin 556. Lewes 173 182. Lewes Isl 1072. Robert 319. Lewis Dauphin 201 202 205 474. Thomas 481 487. John 636. Sir John 729. a Welch family 284. Lewkenors 172. Lewkneys 179. Lexinton 483 486. Ley riv 339. Ley and Leigh 104. Leys 112. Leyburn 809. Leyden cxxv Leymouth 340. Leyton 340 355. stone 355. Lhan 595 603 654. Lhan Babo 678. Badarn Owen 661. Dhewi Brevi 641 644. Dhinam 653. Dien 330. Badarn Vawr 642. Eeblic 665. Eedr 641. Eery 667. Boydy 625 628. Bren 627. Deilaw Vawr 627. yn Dhyvri 621. Drinio Common 587. Edern 645. Elian 675. Elwy 687. Enion Vrenin 691. Gadok 620. Goedmor 645 677. Gristiolis 677. Gwert 681. Gyvelach 619. Hamwlch 593. Heron 10. Idan 375. Idlos 650. Iltud Vawr 618. Isav 645. y Krwys 647. Lyeni 593. Newydh 626 Rhudh 680 Rhwydrus 677. Rwst 685. S. Aered 594. Stephan-castle 623. Vaes 675 676. Vair 678 Vair y Bryn 637. Vair is Gaea 6â—5 Vair yng Hornwy 674. Viangel 686. Vihangel Geneur glyn 647. Vihangel Gerwerth 627 Vihangel Tat y Lhyn 593. Uw Lhyn 663. Vylhin 651 654. Wennog 678. Yken 366. Lhavan what 641. Lhech what 620. yr Ast 645 677. Lhecheu what 619. Lhech y Gowres 647. Lhe Herbert 656. Lhewelin aur Dorchog 659. ap Sâ—tsylht 685. ap Jorwerth 685. ap Gruffydh 585 586 592 635 666 685. Lheweny riv 590. Lhoegrig 671. Lhong what 311. Lhongporth 311. Lhoyd Pierce 677. John 685. Lhug 587. Lhwn 311. Lhwyn 392 399 645. Lhwyven 624. Lhygwy 677. Lhyn 468. Lhyn-Promont 664. Lhyn yr Avanck 645. y Dymarchen 669. Eigian 669. Lhan Lhwch 892. Lhydaw 665. Lhyngklys 592. Peris â—65 669. Savadhan 590 592 626. Feirn 669. Teivi 641. Lhyr King 677. Lhysvaen 678. LIBNIUS fluv 994. Lichfield 532 c. Licinus 784. S. Licius Simon de 474. Leckey-hill 518. Lid 834 408. riv 25 Town in Kent 211. Lidbury 578 581. Liddesdale 905. Lidford 25 38. Lidgate 369. John 370. Lidston 25. Leesnes-abbey 189. Liffer riv 1019. Liffy riv 993. LIGA 1110. LIGON 1110. Ligons 520. Lilborne 432 439. Lilleshull-abbey 545. Lillingstons 281. Lime Riv. and Town 43 51. Lime in Kent 209 210 223. Lime-stone 711 714. Limerick 983. Liming 199. LIMNI 1050. Limoges 709. Limsey Ralph 294 295. Rob. de 505 533. Lin riv 481. Lincoln 467 c. Rob. de 47 48. Henr. Bishop of 263. Oliver Bishop of 272. Alexander Bishop of 256 263 269 465 469 484. Edward Earl of 155. John Earl of 265 266 377 483. De Lincolnia a family 54. Lindaw 468. Linde T. de la 47. Linham 725. Lindisfarne 772 776 778 1103. Lindley 452. Lindsey 464 467 477. Earls of 478 479. Lindseies a family 915 923 938 943. Lords of Wolverly 505. Lindum a City of Rhodes 311. LINDUM 467 468 488. in Scotland 900. Lingens 655. LINGONES 501 713 731. Linstock 832. Linlithquo 468 900. Linternum 468. LISIA 1110. Lismor 981. Lithancraces 847. Lionesse 5 20. Liquorice 485 712 715. Liskeard 119. Lisles or de Insula 131 132 139 407 411 412. L'isle de Dieu 1114. de Rey 1115. Lismehago 923. Lisours Albreda 712. a fam 712. Listers 544. Litherpool or Lirpool 790. Lith-hill 164. Littleburies 565. Littleborrough 480 484. Little-chester 491 497. Little-cot 99. Littleton Tho. 517 518. Littleton Paynel 104. Littletons 518. Littons 294. LITTUS ALTUM 497. Lley 275. Llawn 328. Llhawn 311. Liver riv 10. Liulphus 778. Lixnaw Barons of 977. The Lizard 7. S. Liz Simon de 423 433 440 474. S. Lizes 421 425 440. Vid. de S. Licio Load-stones 28. Local Genius's 709. Lochor-river 613. Locusts 661. Lode-works 2. Loder 808. Lodge-lane 495. Lodge on the Wold 447. Loghor 614. Loghor-river ibid. LOGIâ— fluv 1019 1020. Lollham-bridges 435. Lollius Urbicus lxviii Lon fl 795 811. LONCASHIRE 795 c. Londey-Island 1049. LONDON 310 c. Maurice Bishop of 314 329 346 357. William Bishop of 357. Richard Bishop of 351. Maurice of 921. Londons a family 611 621. London's Monast 929. Longar-river 914. Longchamps 46. Longditch 435. Longdon 517. Long Espee 797. Longford 491. Longford-County 1000. Longleat 89 105. LONGOVICUM 778. Longspees E. of Salisb. 93. Longstone 23. Longton Walter de 538. Longvilles 281 282. LONGUS fluv 947. Long-witenham-hill 275. Lonsdale 806. Loo riv and Town 9. Loopole-lake 7. Loose 192. Lophamford 375. Lora Wife of William Marmion 196 Count. of Leicester 200. Lords clxxvi Lorges 914. Lorn a Fam. 930 934 952. Loseley 154. Losse riv 943. Lostwithiel 19. Lothbroc 397. Lovaine Lords of 345. LOVANTIUM 626 645. Lovebone 23. Loudhams 494. Lovel Will. 61. Francis Vic. 253. Thomas 325. John Lord 467. Lovels 253 263 266 385 429 437 542 543. LOVENTIUM 590 592. LOVENTIUM DIRMETARUM 624 626 645. Lovetoft Eust 421. Lovetofts 425 485 706. Lovets a Fam. 424 491. Lovet-castle 946. Lough-Aber 923 945. Argick 801. Regirgh 999. Corbes 1001. Mesk 1004 Eagh 1013 1019. Ern 1009. Fort 1019. Longus 947. Aw 952. Bruin bay 956. Cure 907. Ediff 952. Fin 931 952. Kinkeran 933. Keave ibid. Lomund 917. Lathea 944. Lothy 945. Nesse 944 956. Maban 907. Rian 911. Louth 471. Louth County 1007. Lowlanders clxiv Lowther Sir J. 817 841. LOXA fluv 943. LUCENI 978. Lucia Grand-daughter of E. Leofrick 505 506. Lucullus 165. Lucy Godfrey 11â— Richard 189 34â— 369 445. Lucy Daughter of John Nevil 156. Miles Earl of Hereford 590. Wife of Marmaduke de Thwenge 752. Lucys a Family 502. Lud riv 471. K. Luddus 310 312. Ludham 390. Ludlow 541. Ludlows a Fam. 545. Ludwall 655. Luffeld a Fam. 281. Luffenham-South 455 456 Lug riv 576. LUGVBALLIA 772. Lullingston 190. E. Lullington 539. Lumley John Baron of â—8 171. Rich. Earl of Scarborough 765. Barons of 752. Lumleys 778 859. Lundenwic 222. Lupanaria 322. Lupel 253. Lupicinus lxxix 201. Lupus Hugh 564 565 567
above Padstow is Wadebridge Wadebridge a bridge of seventeen arches and much the largest in the whole country †Lel. Itinerar vol. 2. It was built by one Love-bone Vicar of the place to prevent those dangers which passengers on horse-back were expos'd to by ferrying over The foundations of some of the arches were first laid upon quick sands which made the undertaker despair of effecting his design till he laid packs of wool for the ground work q Upon the north-coast is Botereaux Botereaux which by marriage with an heiress of that name our Author tells us came to the Hungerfords By her Robert Lord Hungerford had issue Robert Lord Hungerford and Molins and he Thomas Lord Hungerford his son whose sole heiress Mary was marry'd to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford by whom he had George the first of that Sirname Earl of Huntingdon This castle with a large inheritance continu'd in that family until the reign of Queen Elizabeth r Towards the north-east upon the same coast lies Stratton Stratton near which place the Cornish forces for K. Charles 1. An. 1643. gain'd a victory over the Parliament-army In the place there follow'd a prodigious crop of barley ten or twelve ears on one stalk So formerly after the battle with the Danes in Swornfield a certain shrub sprang up therefore call'd Dane-ball or Dane-wort by others Dwarf-elder which is no where else to be found but there or transplanted from thence Continuation of the DUKES By virtue of that Privilege mention'd by our Author whereby the King 's eldest Son is born Duke of Cornwall since Edward the Black-Prince the heirs apparent to the Crown of England if eldest sons have enjoy'd it successively A Catalogue of more rare Plants growing wild in Cornwall Alsine spuria pusilla repens foliis saxifragae aureae Small creeping round-leaved bastard chickweed On moist banks in many places both of Cornwall and Devonshire together with Campanula Cymbalariae foliis This Plant is figur'd by Dr. Plukenet Phytograph Tab. 7. and describ'd in Synops Stirp Britan. Asparagus palustris Ger. marinus J.B. marinus crassiore folio Park maritimus crassiore folio C.B. Marsh-Asparagus or Sperage It is found growing on the cliffs at the Lizard-point in Cornwall Ascyrum supinum villosum palustre C. B. Park Ascyr 2. sive supinum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clusii Ger. emac. Round-leaved marsh St. Peter's wort On boggy grounds about springing waters in many places most abundantly towards the Lands end in this County Campanula Cymbalariae foliis Ger. emac. Park Cymbalariae foliis vel folio hederaceo C. B. folio hederaceo species Cantabricae Anguillarae J. B. Tender Ivy-leaved Bellflower On many moist and watery banks in this County and elsewhere in the West of England Centaurium palustre-luteum minimum The least Marsh Centory On a rotten boggy ground between S. Ives and Pensans It grows also in several the like places thereabouts Chamaemelum odoratissimum repens flore simplici J. B. nobile seu odoratius C. B. Romanum Ger. Sweet scented creeping Camomile or common Camomile It grows so plentifully upon the downs in this Countrey that you may scent it all along as you ride Erica foliis Corios multiflora J. B. Coris folio secundae altera species Clus. Juniperifolia Narbonensis densè fruticans Lob. Fir-leaved Heath with many flowers On Goon-hilly downs going from Helston to the Lizard point plentifully This is different from the the second Erica Coris folio of Clusius notwithstanding that C. Bauhine and Parkinson following him make it the same therewith For Clusius himself distinguisheth them Euphrasia lutea latifolia palustris Euph. latifolia viscata serrata H. Reg. Blaes Great yellow Marsh Eybright About boggy and watery places especially towards the further end of this County plentifully Figured in Dr. Plukenet's Phytogr Tab. 27. Foeniculum vulgare Ger. Park vulgare minus nigriore acriore semine J. B. vulgare Germanicum C. B. item sylvestre ejusdem Common Fennel or Finckle All along the cliffs between Lalant and St. Ives and thereabouts plentifully Geranium pusillum maritimum supinum Betonicae folio nostras Small Sea-Cranesbill with Betony leaves In sandy and gravelly places near the Sea about Pensans and elsewhere abundantly This is figured by Dr. Plukenet in his Phytographia Tab. 31. Fig. 4. Gnaphalium maritimum C. B. maritimum multis J. B. marinum Ger. marinum seu cotonaria Park Sea-Cudweed or Cotton-weed On the baich or gravelly shore between Pensans and St. Michael's mount plentifully Gramen dactyloides radice repente Ger. dactylon folio arundinaceo majus C. B. repens cum panicula Graminis Mannae J. B. canarium Ischaemi paniculis Park Creeping Cocksfoot-grass Found by Mr. Newton on the sandy shores between Pensans and Marketjeu plentifully Herniaria glabra Herniaria Ger. J. B. Millegrana major seu Herniaria vulgaris Park Polygonum minus S. Millegrana minor C. B. Smooth-leaved Rupturewort At the Lizard point plentifully Hyacinthus Autumnalis minor Ger. Park Autumnalis minimus J. B. stellaris Autumnalis minor C. B. The lesser Autumnal Star-Hyacinth On the Promontory called the Lizard point plentifully Pisum maritimum Anglicum The English Sea-pease The same I suppose which grows on the baich between Aldburgh and Orford in Suffolk where see the Synonyma On the baich near Pensans where the Gnaphalium marinum grows DEVONSHIRE By Rob rt Morden Linaria odorata Monspessulana J. B. An Linaria capillaceo folio erecta flore odoro C. B Linar caryophyllata albicans C. B Blue sweet-smelling Toad-flax Near Perin along the hedges plentifully It grows sometimes a yard high The leaves are not set confusedly on the stalk as in the common Linaria but in rundles at distances The stalks are brittle much branched toward the top and the flowers stand not thick clustering together but more sparsed or at greater intervals and are of a pale blue and streaked all along heel and all with a deeper The lower lip at the gaping is spotted with yellow Linum sylvestre angustifolium floribus dilutè purpurascentibus vel carneis C. B. sylv angustifolium J. B. An Linum sylvestre angustifolium 6. Clus an Lini sylv quinti varietas ejusdem Narrow-leaved wild Flax. In the pastures by the Sea-side about S. Ives and Truro plentifully Peplis J. B. Jer. Park maritima folio obtuso C. B. Small purple Sea-spurge On the sandy shores between Pensans and Market jeu plentifully I have not found this any where else in England but in hot Countries as Italy abundantly Pinguicula flore minore carneo Butterwort with a small flesh-coloured flower in moist meadows and marsh-grounds about Kilkhampton and elsewhere Polygonum Serpyllifolium verticillatum Polyg parvum flore alb verticillato J. B. An Polygala repens nuperorum Lob repens Park repens nivea C. B. Verticillate Knot-grass with Thyme-like leaves It grows in watery places near Springs between S. Columbe and Michil and about Pensans and towards the Lands end in many places To these I
beneath this Frau or Frome call it which you please dispersing it self maketh a kind of an Island and first visits that ancient town which in the Itinerary of Antoninus is call'd Durnovaria that is the passage over a river Dorchester Ptolemy in some Copies calls it erroneously Durnium in others Dunium This is reckon'd the principal town of the county and yet 't is neither large nor beautiful the walls having been pull'd down by the enrag'd Danes who here and there about the town have thrown up several barrows 6 Whereof one is call'd Maumbury being an acâ—e inditched another Poundbury somewhat greater and the third a mile off as a Camp with five trenches containing some ten acres call'd Maiden-castle Yet it dayly discovers some visible footsteps of Antiquity such are the Roman military or consular way some brass and silver coins of the Roman Emperors 7 Found there and especially at Fordington hard by which the common people call King Dorn's pence whom they fondly conceive in allusion to the name to have been the founder of this town g And a mile off there is a ditch with a Bulwark on the top of an hill pretty large in circumference call'd Maiden-castle Maiden-castle h which one may easily imagine to be the place where the Romans encamp'd in the summer time 8 It Dorchester had anciently a Castle in that place where the Grey-friers built their Convent out of the ruins thereof and hath how but three Parish-churches whereas the compass of the old town seemeth to have been very large But it suffer'd most when Sueno through outragious barbarity renew'd the Danish broils and when Hugh the Norman a man of treacherous principles in whose management were the affairs and government of these parts gave way to all actions of extravagance But what sort of place it was and in what condition in the beginning of the Norman times learn if you please from Domesday book In K. Edward's reign there were 170 houses in Dorchester these defended themselves for all the King's services and paid geld for ten hides but to the work of o Buthsecarles i.e. Classiarii Hovd fol. 257. Huscarls one mark of silver excepting those customs which †Ad firmam noctis were for one night's entertainment There were in it two mint-masters There are now only 82 houses and 100 have been totally demolish'd since Hugh was Sheriff If this language be obscure and unintelligible as Sextus Caecilius said in a case of the like nature it is not to be imputed to the Writer's want of expression but the Reader 's incapacity who cannot come up to the sense of the Author From hence the river Frome runs by Woodford Woodford where formerly Guido de Brient 9 A Baron a martial hero held a small castle where afterwards dwelt 10 Hugh Stafford Hol. But 't is an error Humphrey Stafford of Suthwick p By her it came immediately to Sir Edmund Cheney of Brook and by his daughter to Thomas Strangways which by a coheir of his fell as I have been told to T. Strangwaies Strangwaies a native of Lancashire 11 And brought hither by the first Marquess of Dorset who came to a fair estate in this country whose issue has built a very fine house at Milbery From hence it slows by Byndon call'd by the Saxons Beandun which likewise had its monastery where Kinegilse in the year 614 in a doubtful battel overcame the Britains i q In the reign of Heâ— 8. Some time since 't was the seat of the Lord of Marney now it gives the honorable title of Viscount 12 To the Lord Thomas Howard to Thomas Howard Knight of the Garter whose father nam'd Thomas second son of Thomas Howard the second Duke of Norfolk of that name Queen Elizabeth created Viscount Howard of Byndon Byndon when he r Her name was Elizabeth and that family came to have a Title to the Estate of the Newburrows by her Father John Lord Marney marrying the daughter and heir of Sir Roger Newburrow by marrying the daughter and heir of Baron Marney enter'd upon the great estate of the Newboroughs Newborough in these parts Those who are nam'd de Novoburgo commonly call'd Newborough derive their pedigree from the younger son of Henry Earl of Warwick the first of the Norman line and held here Winfrott with the whole Hundred by the gift of King Henry 1. by service of Chamberlain in chief of our Lord the King as it is in the Inquisition But I have read that in Edward 3's reign Grand Sergeanty it was held by Sergeanty by holding the bason for the King to wash on his Coronation-day Ralph Moien likewise held the next mannour of Owres by service of Sergeanty in the kitchin by the gift also of King Henry 1. Å¿ It is now in the hands of the Lord Stourton as being descended of William de Stourton who in the time of Richard 2. marry'd Elizabeth the daâ—ughter and afterwards heir of Sir John Moigne and R. de Welles the mannour of Welles adjoyning ever since the conquest of England by the service of being Baker But this by the by Where Frome dischargeth it self into that bay upon which Poole is seated about the mouth of it stands Warham Waâ—ham by the Saxons call'd Weareham very secure on all sides but westward being every way else surrounded by the river Trent Frome and the sea In Edward the Confessor's time as it is recorded in Domesday-book it had 148 houses in it and two mint-masters but in William the Conqueror's days there were but 70 houses computed Afterwards it re-flourish'd and was in its greatest prosperity fortify'd having a mint-office with walls quite round being full of inhabitants and a very strong castle which was built by William the Conqueror till Henry 2. came to the Crown 13 Who when he came to challenge the Crown of England in the year 1142. arriv'd here besieg'd and took the Castle which was defended by Robert Laâ—â—y against him in behalf of King Stephen and afterward Robert of Lincoln a man of mighty possessions in those parts defended the same against K. Stephen But c. but from that time suffering much by wars and the casualties of fire together with the sea 's robbing them of the haven it is almost run quite to ruine and the soil that was in the very heart of the ancient town produceth great quantities of garlick k The little river Trent likewise has it's mouth here styl'd so by Asser tho' the inhabitants call it now Piddle from whose northern bank scarce three miles off I saw the ruinous walls of an old Abby call'd Middleton Middleton which King Athelstan founded by way of atonement for taking away both his brother Edwin's life and Crown For when his active and soaring ambition after the government had debauch'd his principle of natural justice he put the poor
peace hannifare pence of the hundred and f Denarii S. Petri circreti in the Text. The learned Selden is of opinion the last word ought to be read Circseti but has left us no reason for his conjecture It would indeed bear the interpretation of the Founder of the Church a character agreeable enough to the person of St. Peter But the true reading here is certainly Circsceati from Sceat i.e. revenues or riches implying the Peter-pence to be the Revenues of the Church S. Peters pence to hold thrice a year the Bishops pleadings without admonition to go into the army with the Bishops men The country all about is beautify'd with green meadows abounds in delightful orchards which with the thickness of the villages does wonderfully charm the eyes of the Spectators Amongst the villages those of most note are Orchard which had it's Lords of the same name from whom it descended by inheritance to the Portmans Knights e next Hach-Beauchamp 〈…〉 and then Cory-Mallet the latter part whereof is added because of the Lords For it was the seat of the Mallets of Norman extraction from whom it came in a short time by an heiress to the Pointzies â—ies Of which family Hugh in the time of Edward 3. was reckon'd among the Parliamentary-Barons and some others of it are at this day Knights of great worth 〈…〉 But as to the Beauchamps otherwise call'd de bello campo 〈…〉 they have flourish'd in great honour from the time of Hen. 2. especially since Cecil de Fortibus descended from the Earls de Ferrariis and from that famous Mareschal of England William Earl of Pembroke was married into this family But in the reign of Edw. 3. the estate was divided by sisters between Roger de S. Mauro or Seimore and J. Meriet both of them sprung from ancient and honorable Ancestors This was the cause why Hen. 8. after he had marry'd Jane Seimor Edward the sixth's mother made Edward Seimor her brother â—nt Viscount Beauchamp 14 And Earl of Hertford whom King Edward 6. afterwards honour'd first with the name of Lord and Baron Seimor to be annex'd to his other titles lest as the King saith in the Patent the name of his mother's family should be overshadow'd with any other stile and yet afterward created him Duke of Sometset whom Edw. 6. afterwards advanc'd to the honour of Duke of Somerset 〈…〉 Next where Thone mixes it self with the Parret there is made a River-Island formerly call'd Aethelingey â—ey i.e. an Island of Nobles now commonly Athelnâ—y which is to us no less remarkable for King Alfred's absconding there when the Dane made havock of all before him than are those Minturnensian fenns to the Italians for being a hiding place to Marius For to that King as an ancient Poet writ of him Mixta dolori Gaudia semper erant spes semper mixta timori Si modo victor erat ad crastina Cella pavebat Si modo victus erat ad crastina cella parabat Cui vestes sudore jugi cui sica cruore Tincta jugi quantum sit onus regnare probarunt Allay'd with grief his cautious joys appear'd And when he hop'd the most the most he fear'd Conqu'ring h' expected still the rallying foe O'ercome he fitted for a second blow Whose sweaty hands and garments stain'd in blood Shew that a crown is but a noble load And truly this Island falls out very well for a private refuge for the standing pools and inundations which Asser call'd by a Latin-Saxon word Gronnas make it inaccessible Gronnes It had formerly a bridge between two towers which were built by King Alfred also a very large set of alders full of goats and deer but the firm ground not above two acres broad Upon this he built a monastery the whole structure whereof Malmesbury here speaks for me is supported by four posts fasten'd in the ground with four arch'd chancels drawn round it The Parret does not go far alone 15 Parret having receiv'd the same river runneth alone swelling with certain sandy shelves sometime in his channel by the Hundred of N. Pederton anciently acknowledging the Bluets to have been Lords thereof who are thought to have brought that name from Bluet in Little Britain after it has got together it's waters before it is joyn'd by another river from the East 16 Which openeth it self near Castle-Cary which William Lovel Lord thereof held against K. Stephen in the behalf of Mawd the Empress right Inheritrix of the Crown of England whose issue-male failing in the time of K. Edw. 3. by heir female it came to Nicholas de S. Maure a Baron of a distinct family from that which was a few lines before-mention'd and shortly after about the time of Hen. 5. by an heir female again to the Lord Zouches of Harringworth as a moiety of the lands of Lord Zouch of Ashby de la Zouch came before by coheirs to the house of this S. Maures But when the Lord Zouch was attainted by K. Henry 7. for assisting K. Richard 3. this Castle was given by the King to Robert Willoughby Lord Brooke as his lands at Bridgewater to the Lord Daubeney and then he was restor'd in blood From Castle Cary this water passeth by Lites-Cary to be remembred in respect of the late owner Thomas Lyte a Gentleman studious of all good knowledge and so to Somerton which runs by Somerton Somerton formerly the chief town of the County giving name to the whole It had a castle belonging to the West-Saxon Kings which Ethelbald King of the Mercians possess'd himself of by storm but now it has given way to age so that nothing of it appears and the town would scarce support it's character were it not for a throng Beast-fair kept there from Palm Sunday to the middle of June for those parts make grazing their chief employment After the Parret has receiv'd this river it visits a large and populous town commonly call'd Bridge-water Bridge-water as 't is thought from the bridge and the water tho' the ancient Charters refute that conjecture which always call it expresly Burgh-Walteri and it is highly probable that it took that name from Walter de Doway who was a soldier under William the Conqueror and had many Lands bestow'd on him in this County Nor is it otherwise call'd in that Charter wherein Fulk Paynel Lord of Bampton gave the possession of this place to William de Briewer to ingratiate himself with that person who was a particular favourite of K. Rich. 3. The son of this William of the same name with the father 17 Better'd this haven having license granted him by K. John to fortifie a castle built one here which now time has destroy'd and began a bridge which was finish'd at great expence by 18 Strivet in Holland Trivet a noble-man of Cornwall 19 Who founded also the Hospital of St. John here and Durkeswell-Abbey
had possession of this Monastery 270 years they were turn'd out by the command of King Eadwy and secular Priests put in their room but the Monks were restor'd by King Edgar Bishop Herman would willingly have translated the Bishop's See hither but was prevented in his design by the diligence of the Monks So that the †Monast Angl. T. 1â— p. 97. Abingdon Historiographer is under a mistake when he tells us that the seat of the Bishop of Barkshire and Wiltshire was at Malmsbury and Radulphus de Diceto when he calls Odo Bishop of Ramesbury Bishop of Malmsbury as also Gervasius Tilburiensis when he says that S. Aldhelm had the city of Maidulf that is Scireburn The Abbey here exceeeded all the rest in Wiltshire both in riches and honour the Lord Abbot sitting in Parliament as Peer of the Realm Robert Jenner Esq Goldsmith of London the 1 Car. 1. built an Almshouse here for 8 persons and endow'd it with 40 l. a year g From hence the Avon goes to Dantesey Dantesey of which place Henry Lord Danvers was made by K. Charles 1. Earl of Danby He it was who built the Physick-garden in Oxford and among many other acts of charity founded here an Alms-house and Free-school Upon the attainder of his brother and heir Sir John Danvers the town was given by K. Charles 2. to James then Duke of York whose second son James was created Baron of Dantsey it was afterwards part of the dowry of Queen Mary and since the Revolution belongs to the Earl of Monmouth The Avon bending it's course southward from hence runs near Bradenstoke Bradenstoke without doubt the same town to which Aethelwold carry'd his devastations in the year 905. At which time Bromton says he put to military execution all Brithendune i.e. all in Bradon-forest as far as Brandestok or as Higden more rightly calls it Bradenestoke so that Polydore Virgil Holinshed Speed and our late Historians are very much mistaken in asserting this to be Basingstoke in Hamshire Somewhat lower the Avon receives the Caln Oldbury-hill a little river rising at the bottom of Oldbury-hill * Aubr MS. on which is a large oval camp with double trenches possibly Danish g 2. For the town of Caln Caln 't is probable it arose out of the ruines of the old Roman Colony on the other side of the water near Studley where Roman Coins are frequently found It was one of the Palaces of the West-Saxon Kings and at the time of the Conquest enjoy'd great privileges one whereof was that it never gelded For says Domesday Cauna nunquam geldavit ergo nescitur quot sunt hidae ibidem Not far from Caln is Cummerford Cummerford probably the Cynemaeresford of the Saxon Chronicle call'd by Florence of Worcester Kimeresford where Aethelmund Earl of Mercia making an inroad into the country of the West-Saxons was met by Werstan Earl of Wiltshire between whom was a bloody battle wherein both Commanders lost their lives but the victory fell to the Wiltshire-men Upon second thoughts the circumstances of that action agree more exactly to this place than * Glossar ad Chron. Sax. to Kempsford in Glocestershire for setting aside that the Saxon name is more easily melted into Cummerford Higden tells us it was out of the bounds of Mercia Ethelmundus says he fines suos egressus usque ad vadum Chimeresford and if so it cannot be in Glocestershire If there is as I have been told a large entrenchment near this Cummerford it puts the matter so much the more beyond dispute h The Avon having receiv'd this little river goes forward to Chippenham Chippenham call'd by Bromton Urbs Chipenham one of the chiefest towns in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons and so very often mention'd in the Histories of those times That the Church there was founded by one of the Hungerfords as our Author observes I am afraid is hardly grounded upon any clear authority The Chappel indeed yet call'd Hungerford's Chappel might possibly be founded by Walter Lord Hungerford for 21 Henr. 6. he obtain'd a licence for the founding of a Chantry in the Chappel of our Lady within the Parish-Church of this place Queen Mary in the beginning of her reign granted her Charter to this Corporation which consists of a Bailiff and 12 Burgesses i Next is the Devises Devises call'd by Westminster Visae and by Walter Hemingford Wysae That this town was built by Dunwallo King of the Britains is scarce probable neither is it easie to imagine that it should be inhabited by the Romans tho' on the utmost part of Rund-way hill that overlooks the town there is a square single-trench'd Camp which seems to point out to us the presence of the Romans in those parts The Annotator upon the life of King Alfred has told us upon the authority of Tradition that the Castle here was built by that King but we have ground from the best Historians to believe it was built or at least repair'd by Roger Bishop of Salisbury Speed says It was one of the goodliest Castles in Europe and Holinshed That it was the strongest hold in England Which made Ralph Fitz-Stephen in the war between King Stephen and Mawd the Empress after he had possess'd himself of this Castle boast that by the assistance of it he would subject all the Country between London and Winchester The government of it was formerly look'd upon to be such an honourable post that it has been accepted by the greatest Lords It was not so much demolish'd but that some shew of fortifications were left till the Civil Wars when it was besieg'd more than once And Sir Ralph Hopton's being enclos'd herein by Sir William Waller occasion'd that memorable battle call'd Rundway-fight from the Down upon which it was fought July 13. 1643. Now all the Fortifications are dismantl'd and the very top of the Keep which Leland calls a work of incredible cost dug up by the Gardiners The town is a very populous Corporation consisting of two great Parishes and is govern'd by a Mayor Recorder c. Not far from hence his Heddington Heddington which without doubt was a Roman town as is evident from the foundations of houses that have been dug up here for a mile together and the finding of silver and copper coins of several Roman Emperors some of which are given by Mr. John Aubrey to the Royal Society and to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford These circumstances and the situation of this Heddington on the exact road between Bath and Marlborough made the learned Commentator on â— Alfred's life conclude this to be the Verlucio of Antoninus plac'd by him 15 miles from Aquae Solis and 20 from Cunetio But Heddington not being above 12 from Bath and but 10 from Marleburgh we must †See â—â—â—ward look for Verlucio in some other place South from hence is Steeple-Lavington or East-Lavington commonly call'd Market Lavington Lavingâ—â—â— East from the great
to Winchester so is there another that passes westward thro' Pamber a thick and woody forest then by some places that are now uninhabited it runs near Litchfield that is the field of carcasses and so to the forest of Chute pleasant for its shady trees and the diversions of hunting where the huntsmen and foresters admire it 's pav'd rising ridge which is plainly visible tho' now and then broken off Now northward in the very limits almost of this County I saw Kings-cleare Kingscleare formerly a seat of the Saxon Kings now a well-frequented market town 11 By it Fremantle in a Park where King John much hunted Sidmanton Sidmanton the seat of the family of Kingsmils Knights and Burgh-cleare Bu gh-cleare that lies under a high hill on the top of which there is a military camp such as our ancestors call'd Burgh surrounded with a large trench and there being a commanding prospect from hence all the country round a Beacon is here fix'd which by fire gives notice to all neighbouring parts of the advance of an enemy These kind of watch-towers we call in our language Beacons from the old word Beacnian i.e. to becken they have been in use here in England for several ages sometimes made of a high pile of wood and sometimes of little barrels fill'd with pitch set on the top of a large pole in places that are most expos'd to view where some always keep watch in the night and formerly also the horsemen call'd Hobelers by our Ancestors were settled in several places to signifie the approach of the enemy by day s This County as well as all the rest we have thus far describ'd belong'd to the West-Saxon Kings and as Marianus tells us when Sigebert was depos'd for his tyrannical oppression of the subject he had this County assign'd him that he might not seem intirely depriv'd of his government But for his repeated crimes they afterward expell'd him out of those parts too and the miserable condition of this depos'd Prince was so far from moving any one's pity that he was forc'd to conceal himself in the wood Anderida and was there killed by a Swine-herd This County has had very few Earls besides those of Winchester which I have before spoken of At the coming in of the Normans one Bogo or Beavose a Saxon had this title who in the battel at Cardiff in Wales fought against the Normans He was a man of great military courage and conduct and while the Monks endeavour'd to extol him by false and legendary tales they have drown'd his valiant exploits in a sort of deep mist From this time we read of no other Earl of this County till the reign of Henry 8. who advanc'd William Fitz-Williams descended from the daughter of the Marquess of Montacute in his elder years to the honours of Earl of Southampton and Lord High Admiral of England But he soon after dying without issue King Edward 6. in the first year of his reign conferr'd that honour upon Thomas Wriotheosley Lord Chancellour of England and his grandson Henry by Henry his son now enjoys that title who in his younger years has arm'd the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning and military arts that in his riper age he may employ them in the service of his King and Country There are in this County 253 Parishes and 18 Market Towns ISLE of WIGHT TO this County of Southamton belongs an Island which lies southward in length opposite to it by the Romans formerly call'd Vecta Vectis and Victesis by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Britains Guith by the Saxons Wuitland and Wicþ-ea for they call'd an Island Ea we now call it the Isle of Wight and Whight 'T is separated from the Continent of Britain by so small a rapid channel which they formerly call'd Solent that it seems to have been joyn'd to it whence as Ninnius observes the Britains call'd it Guith which signifies a Separation t For the same reason the learned Julius Scaliger is of opinion that Sicily had it's name from the Latin word Seco because it was broken off and as it were dissected from Italy Whence with submission always to the Criticks I would read that passage in the sixth of Seneca's Natural Quaest. Ab Italia Sicilia resecta and not rejecta as 't is commonly read From the nearness of it's situation and the likeness of it's name we may guess this Vecta to be that Icta which as Diodorus Siculus has it at every tide seem'd to be an Island but at the time of the ebb the ground between this Island and the Continent was so dry that the old Britains us'd to carry their tinn over thither in Carts in order to transport it into France But I cannot think this to be Pliny's Mictis tho' Vecta come very near the name for in that Island there was white lead whereas in this there is not any one vein of metal that I know of This Island from east to west is like a Lentil or of an oval form in length 20 miles and in the middle where 't is broadest 12 miles over the sides lying north and south To say nothing of the abundance of fish in this sea the soil is very fruitful and answers the husbandman's expectation even so far as to yield him corn to export There is every where plenty of rabbets hares partridge and pheasants and it has besides a forest and two parks which are well stock'd with deer for the pleasures of hunting Through the middle of the Island runs a long ridge of hills where is plenty of pasture for sheep whose wool next to that of Lemster and Cotteswold is reckon'd the best and is in so much request with the Clothiers that the inhabitants make a great advantage of it In the northern part there is very good pasturage meadow-ground and wood the southern part is in a manner all a corn country enclos'd with ditches and hedges At each end the sea does so insinuate and thrust in it self from the north that it makes almost two Islands which indeed are call'd so by the inhabitants that on the west side Fresh-water Isle the other on the east Binbridge Isle Bede reckon'd in it in his time 1200 families now it has 36 towns villages and castles and as to its Ecclesiastical Government is under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Winchester but as to it 's Civil under the County of South-hamton The inhabitants facetiously boast how much happier they are than other people since they never had either p 'T is strange why they should add Monks since S. Mary's in Caresbrooke particularly was a Cell of Black Monks belonging first to Lyra in Normandy afterwards to the Abbey of Montgrace in Yorkshire and then to the Cistercians of Sheen Besides this there were in the Island three Priories * Cu 〈…〉 tos 〈◊〉 câ—â—os Newpoâ—â— Monks Lawyers or Foxes The places of greatest note are these Newport
Moels and the Courteneys much augmented his estate His son Robert who marry'd the daughter and heir of the Lord Botereaux enrich'd the family more and then Robert his son who had to Wife Eleanor the daughter and heir of William Molines upon which account he was honour'd among the Barons of the Kingdom by the name of Lord Molines and during the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster was beheaded at New-castle made great additions to it Thomas his son slain at Salisbury in his father's life-time left Mary an only daughter married to Edward Lord Hastings with whom he had a great estate But Walter brother to the said Thomas begat Edward Hungerford father of that Walter whom Henry 8. created Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury and condemned afterwards for a very heinous crime nevertheless Queen Mary restor'd his children to every thing but the dignity of Barons h Not far from hence towards the South lies Widehay â—idehay long the seat of the Barons of St. Amand â—â—ons of Amand. whose estate by marriage came to Gerard Braybrok and Elizabeth his eldest grand-daughter by his son Gerard transferr'd the estate by marriage to William Beauchamp who being summon'd to Parliament by the name of William Beauchamp of St. Amand â—â—uchamp 〈◊〉 Amand was a Baron as his son Richard also was who had no legitimate issue From thence the river Kenet taking it's course between Hemsted Marshall anciently held * Per virgam Marescalliae by the Rod of the Marshalsea and belonging to the Marshals of England where †Sir Thomas Thomas Parry Treasurer of the Houshold to Queen Elizabeth built a very fine seat and Benham Valence so call'd from it's belonging to William Valence Earl of Pembroke 7 But Queen Elizabeth gave it to John Baptista Castilion a Piemontes of her Privy Chamber for faithful service in her dangers comes to Spinae Spinae the old town mention'd by Antoninus which retaining still it's name is call'd Spene but instead of a town is now a poor little village scarce a mile from Newbury a noted town that had it's rise out of the ruines of it For Newbury Newbury with us is as much as the New Borough that is in regard to Spinae the more ancient place which is quite decay'd but hath left the name in part of Newbury it self still call'd Spinhamlands And if nothing else yet this certainly might prove that Newbury fetcht it's original from Spinae for that the inhabitants of Newbury owns the little village Spene for their mother tho' Newbury compar'd with Spene is for it's buildings and neatness a very considerable town and much enrich'd by cloathing well seated upon a plain and has the river Kenet running through it In the Norman Conquest this town fell to Ernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch Lib. Inquisitionum whose great grandson Thomas Earl of Perch being slain at the siege of Lincoln the Bishop of Chalons his heir sold it to William Marshall Earl of Pembroke who likewise held the mannour of Hempsted hard by spoken of before as did his successors Marshals of England till Roger Bigod for his obstinacy lost his honour of Earl Marshal and possessions too which notwithstanding by much †precariò intercession he obtain'd again for life i The Kenet continues on his course from hence and receives by the way the little river Lamborn Lamborn which at it's rise imparts the name to a small market-town that in ancient times belong'd to Alfrith K. Alfred's Cousin having been left him by the said King in his Will and afterwards was the Fitzwarin's who obtain'd the privilege of a market of Henry 3. But now it belongs to the Knightly family of Essex which derives it's pedigree from William de Essex Under-Treasurer of England in Edw. 4.'s time and from those of the same sirname in Essex that liv'd in great repute and honour there From thence this little river runs beneath g In the late Civil Wars it was a garrison for the King Dennington Dunnington-castle call'd also Dunnington a little but very neat castle seated on the brow of a woody hill having a fine prospect and windows on all sides very lightsome They say it was built by Sir Richard de Abberbury Knight founder also of God's House beneath it for the relief of the poor Afterwards it was the residence of h It was the house of Jeoffery Chaucer and there under an Oak commonly call'd Chaucer's Oak he is said to have penn'd many of his famous Poems The Oak till within these few years was standing Chaucer then of the De la Poles and within the memory of our fathers of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk And now the Kenet having run a long way passes at last by Aldermaston Aldermaston which Henry 1. gave to Robert Achard from whose posterity by the De la Mares it came at length by right of marriage to the Fosters a Knightly family At last it runs into the Thames having first with it's windings encompass'd a great part of Reading This little city or town of Reading Reading call'd in Saxon * Per virgam Marescalliae Rheadyge of Rhea that is the River or of the British word Redin signifying Fern which grew in great plenty hereabouts for the neatness of it's streets the fineness of it's buildings for it's riches and the reputation it hath gotten for making of cloath goes beyond all the other towns of this county tho' it hath lost it's greatest ornaments the beautiful Church and very ancient Castle k For this as Asserius tells us the Danes kept possession of when they drew a ditch between the Kenet and the Thames and hither they retreated after King Ethelwolph had routed them at Inglefield Inglefield a little village in the neighbourhood which gives name to a noble and ancient family But it was so demolish'd by K. Henry 2. because it was a place of refuge for King Stephen's party that nothing now remains of it but the bare name in the next street Near to this K. Hen. 1. having pull'd down a little Nunnery founded in former times by Queen Alfritha to expiate for some crimes built a most magnificent Abbey for Monks and enrich'd it with great Revenues Which Prince to use the very words of his Charter of Foundation Because three Abbeys in the kingdom of England were formerly for their sins destroy'd that is Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre which were long in Lay-mens hands by the advice of the Bishops founded a new Monastery at Reading and endow'd it with Reading Chelsea and Leonminstre In this Abbey was interr'd the Founder himself King Henry 7 With his wife both veil'd and crown'd for that she had been a Queen and professed Nun. Maud the Empress together with his daughter Maud as appears by the private history of the place tho' some report that she was bury'd at Becc in Normandy Who as well
about the year of Christ 1183. Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury by an exchange with the Bishop of Rochester got a mannour in this place wherein he began a palace for him and his successors and this by little and little was enlarg'd But when the Archbishops began to have thoughts of building a small Collegiate Church here Good God what numbers of Appeals were packt to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury and what thundrings threatnings and censures were level'd by the Pope against the Archbishops For the Monks were jealous that this might prove an encroachment upon their Privileges and deprive them of their right to elect the Archbishop Nor could these disturbances be quieted till the little Church they had began was at the instance of the Monks levell'd with the ground Near to this is the most famous mart-town of all the County call'd at this day the Burrough of Southwork in Saxon Suþƿerke Southâ— i.e. a work or building to the south situated so to the south over against London as that it seems to be a sort of suburbs to it but yet so large is it and populous that it may vie with most Cities in England being as it were a Corporation of it self Within the memory of our fathers it had it 's own Bailifs but in the reign of Edward 6. it was annext to the City of London and is at this day reckon'd a branch of it For which reason we will defer the further examination of this place till we come to London Beneath this the Thames leaves Surrey the eastbound whereof runs down in a direct line to the south almost by Lagham which in the reign of Edward 1. had it's Parlamentary Barons Barons S. John 〈◊〉 Lagâ—â—â— call d S. John de Lagham whose estate came at last to J. Leodiard by a daughter and heiress Somewhat lower almost in the very corner where it takes a view both of Sussex and Kent is Sterborrow-castle formerly the seat of the Lords de Cobham who from this place were nam'd de Sterborrow Sterborrâ— and descending from John de Cobham Lord of Cobham and Couling and the daughter of Hugh Nevil flourish'd a long time together in great splendour and reputation For Reginald in the reign of Edward 3. was made Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Sea-coasts from the Thames mouth Westward But Thomas the last of them marrying Anne daughter to 15 Humphry Duke the Duke of Buckingham had by her one only daughter Anne marry'd to Edward Burgh descended from the Percies and Earls of Athol His son Thomas was created Baron Burgh by K. Henry 8. and left a son William father to Thomas Barons â—rough 〈◊〉 Burgh who was a great encourager of Learning Governour of Briel made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Garter and Lord Deputy of Ireland where he expos'd himself to death in defence of his country As to Eleanor Cobham of this family wife to Humphrey Duke of Glocester whose reputation was something tainted I refer you to the English Histories We must now reckon up the Earls Earls 〈◊〉 Surreâ— who were 〈◊〉 call'd 〈◊〉 of Wâ—â— Arms 〈◊〉 Earls 〈◊〉 Warrâ—â— William Rufus King of England first made William de Warren Governour of Surrey 16 Who had marry'd his Sister under the honorary title of Earl whose Arms were Checky Or and azure For in his Foundation-Charter of the Priory of Lewis we read thus I have given c. for the good of my master K. William who brought me over into England and for the good of my Lady Queen Mawd my wife's mother and for the good of my master K. William his son after whose coming into England I made this Charter and who created me Earl of Surrey c. To him succeeded his son 17 And marry'd the daughter of Hugh Earl of Vermandois whereupon his posterity as some suppose us'd the Arms of Vermandois His son William dying in the Holy Land about 1142. and his grandchild by a son of the same name But this last had only a daughter who brought the same title first to William King Stephen's son and afterwards to Hamelin base son of Geoffrey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou But the first husband dying without issue Hamelin had by her William Earl of Surrey whose posterity taking the name of Warrens bore the same title This William marry'd the eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke widow of Hugh Bigod and had by her John 18 Who slew Alan de la Zâ—rich in presence of the Judges of the Realm and John by Alice daughter of Hugh le * Earls of March in â—â—â—nce Brune sister by the mother's side to K. Henry 3. had William who dy'd before his father and had by Joanna Vere daughter of the Earl of Oxford John who was born after the death of his father and was last Earl of this family He was as I learnt from his seal Earl of Warren Surrey Strathern in Scotland Lord of Bromfeld and Yale and Count Palatine But he dying without lawful issue in the 23d of Edward 3. his sister and heiress Alice was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Arundel and by that marriage brought this honour into the family of the Arundels 19 For Richard their son who marry'd in the House of Lancaster after his father was wickedly beheaded for siding with his Sovereign King Edward 2 by the malignant envy of the Queen was both Earl of Arundel and Surrey and left both Earldoms to Richard his son who contrariwise lost his head for siding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his Son to repair his Father's dishonour lost his life for his Prince and Country in France leaving his sisters his heirs for the lands not entailed who were marry'd to Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk c. to Sir Rowland Lenthall and Sir William Beauchampe Lord of Abergavenny from which it came at last by the Mowbrays to the Howards For Thomas Mowbray marry'd the eldest sister and coheir of Thomas Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel and Surrey In the mean time 20 After the execution of Richard Earl of Arundel Richard 2. conferr'd the title of Duke of Surrey upon Thomas Holland Earl of Kent who notwithstanding did not long enjoy that honour For secretly endeavouring to rescue the same Richard then taken prisoner and to restore him to his Crown his plot unexpectedly was discover'd and himself making his escape was seiz'd by the town of Cirencester and beheaded Next Thomas de Beaufort who was the King's Chancellor bore this honour if we may believe Thomas Walsingham For he tells us that in the year 1410. The Lord Tho. Beaufort Earl of Surrey dy'd But let Walsingham make good his assertion for there is no such thing appears in the King's Records only that Thomas de Beaufort was about that time made Chancellor 'T is evident however from the publick Records of the Kingdom that King Henry 6. in the 29th year of
Robert Earl Moreton half brother by the mother's side to William the Conquerour 15 And then had 56 Burgesses After the attainder of his son William Earl of Moriton it came to K. Henry 1. by Escheat In the composition between Stephen and K. Henry 2. both town and castle with whatsoever Richard de Aquila had of the honour of Pevensey which after his name was called Honor de Aquila and Baronia de Aquila or of the Eagle was assigned to William son to K. Stephen But he surrendred it with Norwich into King Henry 2 â—s hands in the year 1158. when he restor'd to him all such lands as Stephen was seised of before he usurped the Crown of England afterwards to William son to King Stephen who surrender'd it back to King Henry 2. from whom he had receiv'd it as a free gift Treaty between Henry and K. Stephen together with the lands formerly of Richer de Aquila or of the Eagle from whom they had the name of the Honour of the Eagle The honour of the Eagle Long it lay in the crown till K. Henry 3. granted it 16 Which had fallen to the Crown by Escheat for that Gilbert de Aquila had passed into Normandy against the King's good will to Peter Earl of Savoy the Queen's Uncle But he fearing the envy of the English against foreigners relinquish'd it to the King and so at length it came to the Dutchy of Lancaster to the Earls of Richmond of Bretagne from whom it fell to the crown again But now there is nothing remaining of the castle but the walls Some part of this Honour of the Eagle Henry 4. gave afterwards to the family of the Pelhams for their loyalty and good services Haâ—d by stands Herst amongst the woods Herst what it â—â—gnifies which has it's name from it's woody situation For the Saxons call'd a wood Hyrst This was immediately after the first coming in of the Normans the seat of certain Gentlemen who from the place were for some time named De Herst till such time as William son of Walleran de Herst took the name of Monceaux Register of the Monastery of Roberts-bridge from the place perhaps of his birth a thing usual in that age whereupon that name was annex'd to the place call'd ever since from it's Lord Herst Monceaux Herst Monceaux From whose posterity it descended hereditarily to the Fiennes Family of the Fiennes These Fiennes call'd likewise Fenis and Fienles are descended from Ingelram de Fienes who marry'd the heir of Pharamuse of Boloigne Pat. 37. H. 6. 17 About the time of K. Edw. 2. Sir John Fienes married the heir of Monceaux his son William married one of the heirs of the Lord Say his son likewise the heir of Balisford whose son Sir Roger Fienes married the daughter of Holland and in the first year of K. Henry 6. built of brick the large fair uniform and convenient house here Castle-like within a deep moat of whom K. Henry 6. accepted declared and reputed Richard Fenis to be Baron of Dacre And King Edw. 4. chosen honorary Arbitrator between him and Humphrâ—y Dacre An. 13 Ed. 4. Lord Dacre of the south confirm'd it to the said Richard Fenis and to his heirs lawfully begotten because he had married Joan the Cousin and next heir of Thomas Baron Dacre 18 And to have precedence before the L. Dacre of Gilesland heir male of the family sinâ—e which time 19 The heirs lineally descenaing from him being enrich'd by one of the heirs of the Lord Fitz-Hugh his posterity have flourish'd under the dignity of Barons Dacre till George Fiennes Lord Dacre 20 Son to the unfortunate Thomas Lord Dacre died very lately without issue Whose only sister and heir Margaret Sampson Lennard Esquire a person of extraordinary virtue and civility took to wife 21 And by her hath fair issue In whose behalf it was published declared and adjudged by the Lords Commissioners for martial Causes in the 2d year of the Reign of K. James with his privity and assent Royal That the said Margaret ought to bear have and enjoy the name state degree title stile honour place and precedency of the Barâ—ny of Dacre to have and to hold to her and the issue of her body in as full and ample manner as any of her ancestor enjoy'd the same And that her Children may and shall have take and enjoy the place and precedence respectively as the children of her Ancestors Barons Dacre have formerly had and enjoy'd But to return back a little 22 About 3 miles from Pevensey is Beckes-hill a place much frequented by St. Richard Bishop of Chichester and where he died Under this is Bulverhith in an open shore with a roofless Church not so named of a Bulls Hide which cut into Thongs by William the Conqueror reached to Battaile as the fable for it had that name before his coming Put here he arriv'd c. at this Pevensey William the Norman I shall again give you a short account because the place requires it of that which I shall treat of more fully elsewhere arriv'd with his whole navy upon the coast of Britain landed his army and having strongly entrench'd his camp set his ships on fire that their only hope might lye in their courage and resolution their only safety in victory And 23 After two days marched to Hastings quickly after marched to a Plain near Hastings 24 Then to an hill near Nenfield now call'd Standard-Hill because as they say he there pitched his Standard and from thence two miles further where in a plain c. where the Dye as it were was thrown for the Kingdom of England and the English Saxon Empire came to an end For there our Harold notwithstanding his forces by a former fight with the Danes were much diminish'd and fatigued by a long march gave him battel in a place call'd Epiton K. Harold's fight with William the Conqueror on the 14th of October 1066. When the Normans had given the signal of battel the first encounter began with flights of arrows from both armies for some time then setting foot to foot as if they fought man to man they maintain'd the battel a long while But when the English with admirable courage and bravery had receiv'd their fiercest onset the Norman horse furiously charg'd them with full career But when neither of these cou'd break the army they as they had before agreed retreated but kept their ranks in good order The English thinking they fled broke their ranks and without keeping any order press'd hard upon the enemy but they rallying their forces charg'd afresh on every side with the thickest of them and encompassing them round repuls'd them with a mighty slaughter yet the English having gotten the higher ground stood it out a long time till Harold himself was shot thro' with an arrow and fell down dead then they
a Furnace and Forge others a Forge only and others only a Furnace Near Hastings also are two powder-mills where is made as good Gun-powder as any in England And in that end of the County where the Iron-works are namely the East Char-coal is made in great abundance c To go along now with Mr. Camden St. Râ—â—â—-hill North of Chichester which has given the title of Earl to Francis Leigh Lord Dunsmore and after him to Charles Fitz-Roy natural son to K. Charles 2. is a place call'd St. Rook's hill †Aâ—â—â—â— Mâ—◠〈◊〉 MS. and upon it is still to be seen an old camp the diameter whereof is two furlongs and better The form of it is circular from which thus much may be undoubtedly gather'd that it is not Roman but probably Danish Those who have an opportunity of searching into the Records of the place would do well to consider whether the true name of it is not S. Roch's hill for he was patron of the pilgrims and here was formerly a Chapel which might possibly enough be dedicated to him A mile and a half from this place to the west is a Camp call'd Gonshill Gonâ—hâ—â—â— Ibid. which being of a different form must be made by some other people The figure of it is an oblong square which comes nearest to the Roman way of encamping The Bâ—ile Hard by Chichester towards the west ‖ there has been also another large Roman Camp call'd the Brile of an oblong form 4 furlongs and 2 perches in length and 2 furlongs in breadth It lies in a flat low ground with a great rampire and single graff and in such a place as renders it probable enough to have been that of Vespasian's after his landing d Eastward from hence is Arundel â—rundel which our Author observes to be of more fame than real note tho' it is now a market-town and a borough sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament The famous high-way Stanesstreet-causeway which is in some places 10 yards broad but in most 7 comes to this town out of Surrey by Belinghurst It is a yard and a half deep in stones which they discover by cutting passages to let in water and runs in a streight line It is made of flints and pebbles tho' no flints are found within 7 miles of it As the story of Bevis's horse call'd Arundel ought not to be altogether rejected so neither ought our Author's name of the river Arun and derivation of the town from thence be too securely clos'd with For that Bevis was founder of the Castle is a current opinion handed down by tradition and there is a tower in it still known by the name of Bevis's tower which they say was his own apartment Besides 't is natural enough to imagine that the name of a horse might be Arundel from his swiftness since that word in French signifies a Swallow and the present Arms of the town which is corporate by Prescription are a Swallow Now why might not Bevis's Arundel as well have the honour of naming a town wherein his master had a particular interest as Alexander's Bucephalus had of a city But whatever approbation this conjecture may meet with 't is certain that Mr. Camden's fetching it from Arun will not hold For that river is call'd High-stream to distinguish it from the other small rivulets or streams and seems to have bore the same name as to the sense at least all along The Norman English call'd it Hault-rey and answerably the middle-aged Latin writers Alta ripa so Mr. Camden tells us that Rhie in this County is call'd in Latin Ripa and several branches breaking out of the High-stream are at this day call'd Ripes or Rifes There was also an ancient family of Knights owners of much land in these parts even in the bosom of this great river in the parish of Hardham otherwise Feringham call'd from it de Hault Rey and their posterity remains in these parts to this day under the name of D'Awtrey in Latin De alta Ripa But our Author's interpretation Aruntina vallis will not by any means suit either the name of the place or the circumstances of it For tho' it be writ several ways yet no one makes it end in dale nor is a low tract of ground ever express'd by that word in this County as it is in other parts of England but by a Level as Pevensey-Level Lewes-Level Bramber-Level Arundel-Level with many others And the Commissioners of Sewers call the Imposition laid upon Land for repair of publick banks and sluces a Level-tax 〈◊〉 Eâ—rls â—â—iâ—â—ed Thomas Howard being restor'd in blood 1 Jac. 1. and dying An. 1646. was succeeded in his honours by his son Henry who in the life-time of his father was summon'd to Parliament by the titles of Lord Moubray and Maltravers By whose death An. 1652. this title came to Thomas his eldest son restor'd also 13 Car. 2. to the title of Duke of Norfolk which had been forfeited by the Attainder of Thomas the last Duke By which means the title of Duke of Norfolk came to Henry his brother along with the Earldoms of Arundel and Surrey who now among other honours enjoys them e Towards the north-east lies Findon â—â—â—don within a mile of which is an ancient Camp at about 2 miles distance from the sea 'T is call'd Caesar's-hill because the people imagine it was Caesar's Camp and they pretend to shew the place where Caesar's tent was Notwithstanding which the form of it shews that opinion to be an error for being roundish it seems rather to have been a British work f And farther eastward near Lewes Lewes there is another Camp From whence going forwards we meet with Pemsey Pemsey which * Forts and Ports in Kent Mr. Somner disallowing Camden's Lambard's and Selden's conjecture of Newenden thought to be the ancient Anderida where was the band of the Abulae grounding partly upon Gildas's words expressing the situation of these garrisons In littore Oceani ad meridiem on the sea-shore to the south and the design of them to ken and spy out the invading enemy and partly upon the antiquity of the place which Archbishop Usher makes the old Caer Pensavelcoit of the Britains by the coit i.e. wood the former condition of this County being hinted to But tho' he seems most inclin'd to this place yet he is not altogether so positive but either Hastings or even Newenden may lay claim to this piece of Antiquity g Not far from hence is Ashburnham Ashburnham of which place and family John Ashburnham Esquire Grandfather to the present Lord Ashburnham built there a handsome Church with 3 Chancels There is also a noble house of the present Lord Ashburnham's which for stately buildings and convenient garden-room is one of the best in this County North-east from hence lies Breede Breede the Court whereof is a branch of that at Battle and hath the same privilege and process The Lands
in the manour of Breede tho' in Sussex descend according to the custom of Gavel-kind Here is a kind of Couâ—t kept every 3 weeks where Actions between man and man are try'd and the Officers are exempt from attending the Assizes or Sessions h To the east upon the sea-shore is Winchelsey Winchelsey which ‖ De rebus Albion pag. 25. Twine falsly imagines to have been written originally Windchelseum from it's being expos'd to the winds for so he adds Olim vento frigori ponto obnoxium unde ei nomen obvenit But 't is by Mr. Somner interpreted a waterish place seated in a corner which exactly answers the nature and situation of the place lying at the corner of Kent and Sussex The new town was endow'd with the same privileges which the old one had namely those of the Cinque-ports to which it belongs as one of the ancient towns It still retains that of sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament tho' the Electors are but very few the town being most miserably decay'd by the loss of it's market trade and all inhabitants of any note An argument whereof is that the grass grows in the very streets tho' they are all pav'd to that degree as makes the herbage sometimes yeild 4 l. per An. It seems at first to have been built with admirable regularity the streets standing all at right angles and divided into 32 squares or quarters as they are now call'd There were anciently in it 3 Parish-Churches tho' there is now only the chancel of the largest of them remaining which is the present Parish-Church The stone work of the three gates is yet standing This place has afforded the title of Countess to Elizabeth wife to Sir Moyle Finch and daughter and heir to Sir Thomas Heneage Knight having been before created Viscountess of Maidstone by K. James 1. which titles descended to Sir Tho. Finche her son whose eldest son Heneage is now Earl of Winchelsey At some distance from Winchelsea is Selscombe Selscombe where as also in several places of this County are mineral-waters of the same nature with those at Tunbridge and altogether as strongly impregnated More to the east in the parish of East-Guildford East-Guildford which is the utmost bounds of Sussex eastward is a peculiar way of Tithing their marsh-lands whereby they pay only 3 d. per Acre to the Rector whilst in pasture but if plough'd 5 s. Continuation of the EARLS Robert the last Earl mention'd by our Author dying 5 Car. 1. left the title of Earl of Sussex to his son Edward but he having no issue the family of the Ratcliffs Earls of Sussex ended in him and that title was conferr'd on the 25 of May 1644. upon Thomas Lord Savil of Pontfract and was afterwards enjoy'd by James his son who dy'd without issue Upon which Thomas Leonard Lord Dacres of Gillisland An. 1674. had this honour conferr'd upon him More rare Plants growing wild in Sussex Alysson Germanicum echioides Lob. Buglossum sylvestre caulibus procumbentibus C. B. Borago minor sylvestris Park Cynoglossa fortè topiaria Plinii Echium lappulatum quibusdam J. B. Aparine major Plinii Ger. Small wild Bugloss by some great Goose-grass and German Mudwort Found by Boxley in this County Chamaedrys spuria foliis pediculis oblongis insidentibus An chamaedryi spuriae affinis rotundifolia scutellata C. B Alysson Dioscoridis montanum Col. Wild or bastard Germander with leaves standing on long footstalks In moist woods and hedges I observed it first at Cockfield in Sussex Filix saxatilis ramosa maritima nostras Filix saxatilis crispa Parkinsoni D. Merret Pin. Small-branched Stone-fern I observed this first growing on the rocks by the sea side in this County where it was sometimes dashed with the sea-water Foeniculum vulgare Common Fennel or Finckle Observed by Tho. Willisell to grow plentifully at the west-end of Pemsey marsh Lathyri majoris species flore rubente albido minore dumetorum sive Germanicus J. B. sylvestris Dod. angustifolius Clusii ex sententia J. B. sylv major C. B. sylv Dodonaei Park The other great wild Lathyrus or Pease-everlasting I found this first near Poynings a village on the Downs of Sussex Since Mr. Dale hath found it in Essex Oenanthe Cicutae facie Lobelii Park Chaerephylli foliis C. B. Succo viroso Cicutae facie Lobelio J. B. Filipendula Cicutae facie Ger. Hemlock Dropwort Frequent in watery ditches and rivulets in this Country Peucedanum Ger. vulgare Park Germanicum C. B. Minus Germanicum J. B. Hogs Fennel Sulphur-wort Harestrong In the marsh ditches about Shoreham KENT by Rob t. Morden CANTIUM I Am now come to Kent a country indeed which William Lambard a person eminent for Learning and piety had describ'd so much to the life in a just Volume and has been so lucky in his searches that he has left but very little for those that come after him Yet in pursuit of my intended method I will run this over among the rest and lest as the Comick Poet says any one should suspect me * Sublesta fide agere to be a pilferer I here gratefully acknowledge that he was my Foundation and Fountain Time has not yet depriv'd this Country of it's ancient name but as Caesar Strabo Carion corruptly read in Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus Ptolemy and others call it Cantium so the Saxons as Ninnius tells us nam'd it Cant-guar-lantð i.e. the country of men inhabiting Kent and we now Kent †Some are of opinion that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Herodotus are Caesar's Cantii and our Kentish-men See Camden's Epistles p. 119. Lambard fetches this name from Cainc signifying in British a green leaf because 't was formerly shaded with woods But for my part if I may be allow'd the liberty of a conjecture when I observe that here Britain shoots out into a large corner eastward and farther take notice that such a corner in Scotland is call'd Cantir that the inhabitants also of another angle in that part of the Island are by Ptolemy call'd Cantae that the Cangani were possess'd of another corner in Wales not to mention the Cantabri inhabiting a corner among the Celtiberians who as they had the same original so did they make use of the same language with our Britains upon these grounds I should guess it to have that name from the situation And the rather both because our French have us'd ‖ From whence in Heraldry Canton is put for a corner and the country of the Helvetii call'd by the French Cantones as if one should say Corners Canton for a corner borrowing it probably from the ancient language of the Gaules for it is not either from the German or Latin which together with that ancient one are the only ingredients of our modern French as also because this County is call'd Angulus or a corner by all the old Geographers For it faces France with a large corner surrounded a This in
humane frailty promises them money fixing a time against which he would procure it that if within that no acceptable ransom offer'd it self whereby he might escape a momentary death he might however purge himself by frequent groans to be offer'd a lively sacrifice to the Lord. When the time appointed was come this greedy gulf of Pirates calls forth the servant of the Lord and with many threatnings presently demands the tribute he had promis'd His answer was Here am I like a meek lamb ready to undergo all things for the love of Christ which you presume to inflict upon me that I may be thought worthy of being an example to his servants This day I am no way disturb'd As to my seeming a lier to you it was not my own will but the extremity of want that brought me to it This body of mine which in this exile I have lov'd but too much I surrender to you as criminal and I know it is in your power to do with it what you please but my sinful soul over which you have no power I humbly commit to the Creator of all things While he spake thus a troop of profane villains encompass'd him and got together several sorts of weapons to dispatch him Which when their Captain Thurkil perceiv'd at some distance he ran to them in all haste crying I desire you would not by any means do so I freely divide among you my gold silver and whatever I have or can procure except the ship only on condition you do not offend against the Lord 's ‖ Ciâ—â—â— Anointed But this fair language did not soften the unbridled anger of his fellows harder than iron and rocks nor could it be appeas'd but by the effusion of innocent blood which they presently and unanimously spilt by pouring upon him Ox-heads and showres of stones 8 And to the memory of this S. Eâ—lpheg is the Parish-Church here consecrated and sticks Now the place is famous for being a Royal seat built by Humfrey Duke of Glocester and call'd by him Placentia K. Hen. 7. very much enlarg'd it added to it a small house of Friers Mendicants and finish'd that tower 9 Famous in Spanish fables which Duke Humfrey had begun on the top of a high hill from which there is a most pleasant prospect down to the winding river and the green meadows that lie below 10 To the City of London and the country round about It is now much enlarg'd and beautify'd for which it is indebted to it 's new inhabitant Henry Howard Earl of Northampton 11 Lord Privy-Seal c. But the greatest ornament by far that Greenwich has is our Elizabeth who being born here by a happy providence did so enlighten Britain nay and even the whole world with the rays of her royal virtues that no praise can equal her merit But as to what concerns Greenwich take the verses of our Antiquary Leland Ecce ut jam niteat locus petitus Tanquam sydereae domus cathedrae Quae fastigia picta quae fenestrae Quae turres vel ad astra se efferentes Quae porro viridaria ac perennes Fontes Flora sinum occupat venusta Fundens delicias nitentis horti Rerum commodus aestimator ille Ripae qui variis modis amoenae Nomen contulit eleganter aptum How bright the lofty seat appears Like Jove's great palace pav'd with stars What roofs what windows charm the eye What turrets rivals of the sky What constant springs what smiling meads Here Flora's self in state resides And all around her does dispence Her gifts and pleasing influence Happy the man who'ere he was Whose lucky wit so nam'd the place As all it's beauties to express I have nothing else to observe in this place unless it be not to let the memory of deserving and worthy persons perish that William Lambard a person of great learning and singular piety built a hospital here for relief of the poor which he call'd Queen Elizabeth's College for the poor 12 And as the prying Adversaries of our Religion then observ'd was the first Protestant that built an Hospital â—m Behind this at scarce three miles distance lies Eltham a retiring place also of the Kings 13 But unwholsomly by reason of the moate built by Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham and Patriarch of Jerusalem and bestow'd upon Eleanor wife to K. Edward 1. after he had craftily got the estate of the Vescies to whom it formerly belong'd For 't is said that this Bishop whom the last Baron of Vescy made his Feoffee in trust 〈◊〉 of â—am that he might keep the estate for William de Vescy his young son but illegitimate scarce dealt so fair with this Orphan as he should have done 14 But despoil'd him of Alnwick Castle this and other fair lands breach Below Greenwich the Thames throwing down it's banks has laid several acres of ground under water and some for many years endeavouring to keep it out at vast expence scarce find their works and walls able to defend the neighbouring fields against the incursions of the Tide 15 Which the Canons of Liesnes adjoyning kept sweet and found land in their times This Abbey was founded 1179. by Lord Richard Lucy Chief Justice of England and by him dedicated to God and the memory of Thomas of Canterbury whom he so admired for his piety while others condemned him for pervicacy against his Prince as he became here a devoted Canon to him There is great plenty of Cochlearia or Scurvygrass â—â—ygrass growing here which some Physicians will have to be Pliny's Britannica and upon that account I mention it in this place f But take Pliny's own words In Germany when Germanicus Caesar remov'd his Camp forward beyond the Rhine in the maritime tract there was one fountain and no more of fresh water which if one drank of his teeth would drop out in two years time and the joynts of his knees become loose and feeble Those evils the Physicians term'd Stomacace and Sceletyâ—be The herb Britannica For remedy hereof the herb call'd Britannica was found out not only good for the sinews and mouth but also against the Squinsie and stinging of serpents c. The Frisians where our Camp was show'd it to our soldiers and I wonder what should be the reason of that name unless the Inhabitants of the sea-coasts dedicated it to the name of Britain as lying so near it But the learned Hadrianus Junius in his Nomenclator brings another See in the British liles concerning the Armamentarium Britaâ—nâ—â—cum and indeed more probable reason of the name whom for your satisfaction please to consult for this word Britannica has drawn me out of my road The Thames afterwards growing narrower is met by the river Darent which coming out of Surrey flows with a gentle chanel not far from Seven-oke Seven-oke so call'd as they say from seven Oaks of an exceeding height
16 Now cut down which commendeth Sir William Sevenok an Alderman of London who being a foundling and brought up here and therefore so named built here in grateful remembrance an Hospital and a School On the east-side of it standeth Knoll so call'd for that it is seated upon a hill which Thomas Bourchier Archbishop of Canterbury purchasing of Sir William Fienes Lord Say and Scale adorn'd with a fair house and now lately Thomas Earl of Dorset Lord Treasurer hath furbish'd and beautify'd the old work with new chargeable additaments g and so to Ottanford now Otford Otford famous for a bloody defeat of the Danes in the year 1016 h and proud of it's Royal house built by Warham Archbishop of Canterbury for him and his successors with such splendour and stateliness that Cranmer his immediate successor to avoid envy was forc'd to exchange it with Henry 8. Lullingston Lullingston where was formerly a castle the seat of a noble family of the same name 17 But now of Sir Percival Hart descended from one of the coheirs of the Lord Bray lies lower down upon the Darent i which at it's mouth gives name to Darentford commonly Dartford Dartford a large and throng market k 18 Where King Edward 3. built a Nunnery which K. Henry 8. converted into a house for himself and his successors and below that receives the little river Crecce 19 Anciently called Creccan when in his short course he hath imparted his name to five Townlets which he watereth as St. Mary-Crey Paul's Crey Votes-Crey North-Crey and Crey-Ford At Creccanford now Creyford a ford over this river Hengist the Saxon eight years after the coming in of the Saxons engag'd the Britains where he cut off their Commanders and gave them such a blooâ—y defeat that afterwards he quietly establish'd his kingdom in Kent without any fear of disturbance from that quarter From Darent to the mouth of Medwey the Thames sees nothing but some small towns the omission whereof will be no damage either to their reputation or any thing else l 20 Yet amongst them is Swanscomb of which I have heretofore spoken of honourable memory among the Kentish-men for obtaining there the continuance of their ancient Franchises Afterwards it was well known by the Mentceusies men of great nobility the owners thereof who had their Barony hereabouts In the margin Swanescomb i.e. K. Swane's Camp However the most considerable of them are these Graves-end 21 So called as Mr. Lambard is my Author as the Gâ—reves-end i.e. the limit of the Gereve or Reve. Gravesend remarkable as any town in England 22 For the usual passage by water between it and London since the Abbot of Gâ—ace by the Tower of London to which it appertain'd obtain'd of K. Richard 2. that the inhabitants of it and Milton only should transport passengers from thence to London for being a sort of station between Kent and London where King Hen. 8. †When he fortify'd the sea coasts fortify'd both sides of the river 23 Beyond Gravesend is Shorn held anciently by Sir Roger Northwoâ—d by service to carry with others the King's Tenants a white Ensign 40 days at his own charges Inquis 39 E. 3. when the King warr'd in Scotland On the back of this a little more within land stands Cobham for a long time the seat of the Barons of Cobham Barons of Cobham the last whereof John Cobham built a College here and a Castle at Couling leaving one only daughter wife of John de la Pole Knight who had by her one only daughter Joan marry'd to several husbands But she had issue only by Reginald Braybrok Her third husband 24 Sir John Old-castle John de Oldcastle was hang'd and burnt for endeavouring innovations in Religion But the only daughter of Reginald Braybrooke call'd Joan was marry'd to Thomas Brook of the County of Somerset from him the sixth in a lineal descent was lately Henry Brooke Baron Cobham who because fortune did not humour him in every thing by the force of insolence and anger was induc'd to throw off his Allegiance to the kindest of Princes for which he had the sentence of death pass'd upon him but remains alive to this day a lasting monument of the Royal clemency From Graves-end a small tract like a Chersonese call'd Ho Ho. shoots it self out a long way to the east between the Thames and the Medway the situation of it not very wholsom 25 At the entry hereof is Cowling-castle built by John Lord Cobham in a moorish ground In it is Cliffe Cliffe a pretty large town so nam'd from the Cliff upon which it stands But whether this be that Clives at Ho famous for a Synod in the infancy of the English Church I dare not as some others are be positive partly because the situation is not very convenient for a Synod and partly because this Clives at Ho seems to have been in the kingdom of Mercia m The river Medwege now Medway Medway in British if I mistake not Vaga to which the Saxons added Med rises in the wood Anderida call'd Wealde Weald i.e. a woody country which for a long way together takes up the south part of this County At first being yet but small 26 It receiveth the Eden Pensherst it runs by Pens-hurst 27 The seat anciently as it seemeth by the name of Sir Stephen de Penherst who was also called de Penshester a famous Warden of the Cinque-ports the seat of the ancient family of the Sidneys descended from William de Sidney Sidney Chamberlain to Henry 2. Of which family was 28 Sir Henry Sidney Henry Sidney the famous Lord Lieutenant of Ireland who by the daughter of John Dudley Duke of Northumberland and Earl of Warwick had Philip and Robert Robert was honour'd first with the title of Baron Sidney of Penshurst and then with that of * Vicecomes insulae See in Barkshire Sir Philip Sidney Viscount Lisle by the present K. James But 29 Sir Philip. Philip not to be omitted without an unpardonable crime who was the great glory of that family the great hopes of mankind the most lively pattern of virtue and the darling of the learned world hotly engaging the enemy at Zutphen in Gelderland lost his life bravely This is that Sidney whom as Providence seems to have sent into the world to give the present age a specimen of the Ancients so did it on a sudden recall him and snatch him from us as more worthy of heaven than earth Thus where Virtue comes to perfection 't is gone in a trice and the best things are never lasting Rest then in peace O Sidney if I may be allow'd this address we will not celebrate your memory with tears but admiration Whatever we lov'd in you as the best of Authors speaks of that best Governour of Britaine Tacitus of Agricola
Order though out of the world q Hence the Medway passing by Halling Halling where Mr. Lambard the first Historiographer of this County sometime liv'd in the Bishop's house comes at length to Rochester Rochester which is so certainly the Durobrovis of Antonin that I need add no more than what our Author hath written already concerning it only that it was sack't by the Danes in the days of King Ethelred An. 839. and besieg'd by them again in An. 885. when they cast up works round it but was reliev'd by King Alfred and that all the lands of the Bishoprick were laid waste by King Ethelred An. 986. Of late years it gave an additional title to the Lord Wilmot of Adderbury in Com. Oxon. who in consideration of his great and many signal services done to the Crown at home and abroad was created Earl of Rochester by Letters Patents bearing date at Paris Dec. 13. 1652. 4 Car. 2. who dying An. 1659. was succeeded in his Honour by his only son John a person of extraordinary wit and learning He dying without issue July 26. 1680. the right honourable Lawrence Hyde second son to Edward Earl of Clarendon Viscount Hyde of Kenelworth and Baron of Wootton Basset was created Earl of Rochester Nov. 29. 1682. 34 Car. 2. r The river Medway having past Rochester-bridge which is one of the finest if not the best in England glideth on to Chatham Chatham famous for the station of the Navy-Royal which hath been so far advanc'd by the Kings Charles and James 2. beyond what it was in our Authors days with the large additions of new Docks and Storehouses wherein are many conveniencies unknown till of late and all these so well fenced with new Forts such as those at Gillingham Cockham-wood the Swomp c. that perhaps there may not be a more compleat Arsenal than this in the world To which add the Royal Fort of Shireness Shireness in the Isle of Shepey built at the mouth of this river by King Charles 2. which stands much more commodiously for the security of the River than the Castle of Queenborough ever did which was built there for that purpose by King Edward 3. but is now demolish't Of this see more at the end of the County Which is all I have to say more than our Author has done concerning this fruitful Island but that of late years the right honourable Lady Elizabeth Lady Dacres mother to Thomas Earl of Sussex was enobled with the title of Countess of Shepey during life Sept. 6. 1680. the 32 of Car. 2. since whose death in consideration of many eminent services done the Crown by the honourable Henry Sidney Esq fourth son of Robert Earl of Leicester the titles of Viscount Shepey and Baron of Milton near Sittingbourn were both conferr'd on him by his present Majesty King William 3. Apr. 9. 1689. 1 Gul. Mar. who hath also been since successively made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Master of the Ordnance s Near this Town of Milton Milton alià s Middleton now erected into a Barony Hasting the Dane as our Author tells us built him a Castle to annoy the Town the footsteps whereof yet remain at Kemsley-downs beyond the Church This they now call being overgrown with bushes the Castle ruff whither King Alfred coming against him fortified himself on the other side the water the ditches of which fortification and some small matter of the stone-work also still remain by the name of Bavord-Castle †Aelfredi vita p. 44 45 46. secus fontes Cantianos near unto Sittingbourn t This Sittingbourn Sittingbourn was once both a Mayor and Market town now through disuse enjoying neither But the Dane never did the town of Milton so much real mischief as Godwin Earl of Kent who being in rebellion against Edward the Confessor in the year 1052. enter'd the King's Town of Middleton and burnt it to the ground ‖ Chron. Sax. An. 1052. which in all probability stood in those days near the Church near a mile from the Town that now is and was upon the rebuilding remov'd to the head of the Creek where it now stands u Eastward from hence lyes the Town of Feversham Fevershaâ— where King Stephen saith our Author founded an Abbey for the Monks of Clugny which appears to be true by his Foundation-Charter printed in the * Vol. 1. p. 683. Monasticon taking his first Abbot and Monks out of the Abbey of Bermondsey of the same order yet †Hist oâ— Cant. p. â—â— Mr. Somner and ‖ Monâ—â—tâ—con Feveâ— shamiense p. 7 8. Mr. Southouse from the absolutory Letters of Peter Abbot of Bermondsey and of the Prior and Monks of S. Mary de Caritate finding Clarembaldus the first Abbot of Feversham and his Monks releas'd from all obedience and subjection to the Church of Clugny and to the Abbot and Prior aforesaid * Monast Angl. p. 3â— are inclin'd to believe Mr. Camden mistaken and that the Abbot and Monks of Feversham pursuant to their absolution presently took upon them the rule and habit of S. Bennet notwithstanding it is clear they were still esteem'd of the order of Clugny for several years after as farther appears by the Confirmation-Charters of King Henry 2. King John and Henry 3. all printed in the †Ibid. p. 687 688 689. Monasticon and by the Bulls of Pope Innocent 3. Gregory 10. and Boniface 9. all in a ‖ MS. imâ— Munimerâ— Eccles Christi Cantuar. MS. book in Christ-Church Canterbury So that I guess the mistake must rather lye on Mr. Somner's and Mr. Southouse's side than our Author's the absolutory Letters in all probability tending only to their absolution from those particular Houses making any claim upon them and not from the order it self though it cannot be deny'd * Monaâ—â— Angl. 〈◊〉 p. 417. but that the Abbot and Monks of Reading were at first Cluniacs and after became Benedictines as perhaps these might do some years after their first foundation And thus much for the Ecclesiastical state of this Town As for Secular matters it has been lately honour'd by giving title to Sir George Sands of Lees Court in this County Knight of the Bath who in consideration of his faithful services to King Charles 1. was by King Charles 2. advanced to the degree and dignity of a Baron of this Realm by the title of Baron of Throwley as also of Viscount Sands of Lees Court and Earl of Feversham by Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster April 8. 28 Car. 2. which he was only to enjoy for term of life with remainder to Lewis Lord Duras Marquess of Blanquefort in France and Baron of Holdenby in England who marrying the Lady Mary eldest daughter of the said George Earl of Feversham who dyed Apr. 16. 1677. the said Lord Duras being naturalized by Act of Parliament An. 1665. succeeded his Father-in-law in all his titles and
no great intreaty to perswade this young Gallant to undertake an employment so amorous and pleasing The way to destruction is easie and quickly learnt he seem'd wonderful cunning to himself but all his cunning was but folly In him were concentred all those accomplishments that might captivate foolish and unthinking virgins beauty wit riches and an obliging mein and he was mighty solicitous to have a private apartment to himself The Devil therefore expelled Pallas and brought in Venus and converted the Church of our Saviour and his Saints into an accursed Pantheon the Temple into a very Stew and the Lambs were transformed into Wolves When many of them proved with child and the youth began to languish being overcome with the excess and variety of pleasure he hastens home with the reports of his conquests worthy to have the reward of iniquity to his expecting lord and uncle The Earl immediately addresses the King and acquaints him That the Abbess and the Nuns were gotten with child and had rendred themselves prostitutes to all comers all which upon inquisition was found true Upon the expulsion of the Nuns he begs Berkley had it granted him by the King and settled it upon his wife Gueda but as Doomsday-book â—omsday-â—ok hath it she refused to eat any thing out of this Manour because of the destruction of the Abby And therefore he bought Udecester for her maintenance whilst she lived at Berkley thus a conscientious mind will never enrich it self with ill gotten possessions I had rather you should be informed from Historians than from me how King Edward 2. being deprived of his Kingdom by the artifice of his wife was afterwards murder'd in this Castle by the damnable subtilty of Adam Bishop of Hereford â—e â—â—ness 〈◊〉 Bishop who sent these enigmatical words to his keepers without either point or comma Edvardum occidere nolite timere bonum est To seek to shed King Edward's blood Refuse to fear I think it good So that by the double sence and construction of the words they might be encouraged to commit the murther â—â—rder of â—â—ward 2. and he plausibly vindicate himself to the people from giving any directions in it Below this place the little river Aven runs into the sea at the head whereof scarce 8 miles from the shore on the hills near Alderley a small town are found various stones resembling Cockles and Oysters â—â—ones like â—ockles which whether they were living animals or the ludicrous fancies of nature let natural Philosophers enquire But Fracastorius the Prince of Philosophers in our age makes no question but that they were animals engendred in the sea and so carried by the waters to the tops of the mountains for he affirms hills to have been cast up by the sea and that they were at first only heaps of sand tumbled together and fixed there by the waters also that the sea overflow'd where the hills now rise aloft upon whose return into its wonted course there was first discovery made both of Islands and Hills q But these things are beside my purpose Trajectus The Trajectus that Antonine mentions to be opposite to Abon where they used to pass the Severne was as I imagine by the name heretofore at Oldbury i.e. if you interpret the word an ancient Burrough as now we ferry over at Aust a village somewhat lower r â—ust Vilâ—â—ge This was formerly call'd Aust Clive â—ust-clive for it is situate upon a very high craggy cliff What the aforementioned Mapes has told us was done in this place is worth your knowledge Edward the elder saith he lying at Aust Clive and Leolin Prince of Wales at Bethesley when the latter would neither come down to a conference nor cross the Severn Edward passed over to Leolin who seeing the King and knowing who he was threw his royal Robes upon the ground which he had prepared to sit in judgment with and leaped into the water breast high and embracing the boat said Most wise King your humility has conquer'd my pride Pride conquer'd by humility and your wisdom triumphed over my folly mount upon that neck which I have foolishly exalted against you so shall you enter into that Country which your goodness hath this day made your own And so taking him upon his shoulders he made him sit upon his Robes and joyning hands did him hominium homage On the same shore is situate Thornbury Thornbury where are to be seen the foundations of a magnificent Castle which Edward last Duke of Buckingham designed to erect in the year 1511. as the inscription makes it appear s 11 When he had taken down an ancient house which Hugh Audeley Earl of Glocester had formerly built Seven miles from hence the river Avon running into Severne separates Glocestershire and Somersetshire and not far from the river-side is seen Puckle-church Puckle-church anciently a royal village call'd Puckle-kerks where Edmund King of England was kill'd with a dagger as he interposed himself between Leof a noted Thief and his Sewer that were quarrelling t Near this place lyeth Winterbourne of which the g They had their name from Bradstone in the Parish of Berkley where there erected a Chantry Bradstones Bradstones were Lords 12 Among whom Sir Thomas was summoned among the Barons in the time of King Edward 3. from whom the Viscounts Montacute Barons of Wentworth c. are descended as also Acton Acton Ireton which gave name to a Knightly family whose heiress being married to Sir Nicholas Pointz Pointz in the time of Edward 2. left it to her Posterity Derham a small Village in the Saxon Deorham Deorham Marianus where Ceaulin the Saxon in a bloody engagement slew three of the British Princes Commeail Condidan Fariemeiol with divers others and so dispossessed the Britains of that part of their Country for ever There are yet to be seen in that place huge Rampiers and Trenches as Fortifications of their Camps and other most infallible signs of so great a war This was the Barony of James de novo Mercatu Jacobus de Novo-mercatu who having three daughters married them to Nicholas de Moils John de Botereaux and Ralph Russel whose Posterity being enrich'd by marrying into the honourable Family of the Gorges assumed that name u 13 But from Ralph Russel the heir this Deorham descended to the family of Venis Above these is Sodbury known by the family of Walsh and neighbours thereunto are Wike-ware the ancient seat of the Family De-la-ware Woton under Edge which yet remembreth the slaughter of Sir Thomas Talbot Viscount Lisle here slain in the time of King Edward 4. in an encounter with the Lord Barkley about possessions since which time hath continued suits between their Posterity until now lately they were finally compounded More northward is seen Duresly the ancient possession of the Berkleys hence call'd Berkleys of Duresly 14 Who built
here a Castle now more than ruinous they were Founders of the adjacent Abby of Kingswood of the Cistercian order w 15 Derived from Tintern whom Maud the Empress greatly enriched The males of this House failed in the time of King Richard 2. and the Heir General was married to Cantelow Within one mile of this where the river Cam lately spoken of springeth is Uleigh a seat also of the Barkleys descended from the Barons Barkley styled of Uleigh and Stoke-Giffard who were found Coheirs to J. Baron Boutetort descended from the Baron Zouch of Richard Castles aliàs Mortimer and the Somerys Lords of Dueley And not far eastward we behold Beverstone-castle Beverston formerly belonging to the Gournys and Ab-Adams Ab-Adams who flourish'd under Edward 1. but afterwards to the Knightly family of the Berkleys x Hitherto I have made cursory remarks upon those places in this County which are situate beyond or upon Severn now I will pass forward to the easterly parts which I observ'd were hilly to wit Cotswold Cotswold which takes it's name from the hills and sheepcotes for mountains and hills 16 Without woods the Englishmen in old times termed Woulds Would what in English upon which account the ancient Glossary interprets the Alps of Italy the Woulds of Italy Upon these hills are fed large flocks of sheep with the whitest wool having long necks and square Bodies by reason as is supposed of their hilly and short pasture whose fine wool is much valued in foreign nations Under the side of these hills as it were in a neighbourhood together lye these following places most remarkable for their Antiquity y 17 Beginning at the north-east end of them Campden Campden commonly called Camden a noted market town where as John Castor averrs all the Kings of the Saxon Race had a congress in the year 689 and had a common consult how to carry on the war joyntly against the Britains which town 16 Weston and Biselay were in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester in William the Conqueror's time Inq. 2. Ed. 2. was in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester and from his posterity descended 17 By Nicolao de Albeniaco an Inheritrice to the ancient Earls of Arundel unto Roger de Somery by Nicholas de Albeniaco to Roger de Somery z h This place is in Warwickshire Adjoyning unto it is Weston of no great antiquity but now remarkable for the stately house there built by Ralph Sheldon for him and his posterity which at a great distance makes a fine prospect Hales Hales a most flourishing Abbey built by Richard Earl of Cornwal and King of the Romans 18 Who was there buried with his wife Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence famous for its scholar Alexander de Hales a great master of that knotty and subtile sort of school divinity aa 19 As he carried away the sirname of Doctor Irrefragabilis that is the Doctor ungainsaid as he that could not be gainsaid Sudley Sudley formerly Sudleagh i The neat Church here was ruin'd in the Civil wars and the best part of the Castle is since pull'd down a beautiful castle lately the seat 20 Of Sir Tho. Seimor Baron Seimor of Sudley and Admiral of England attainted in the time of K. Edw. 6 and afterward of Sir John Bruges whom Q. Mary c. of Giles Bruges Baron of Chandos Barons of Chandos whose grandfather John was honoured by Queen Mary with that title because he derived his pedigree from the ancient family of Chandos out of which there flourish'd in the reign of K. Edw. 3. 21 Sir John a famous Banneret L. of Caumont and Kerkitou in France John Chandos Viscount St. Saviours in France eminent for his services and great success in war The former Lords hence called Barons of Sudley Barons of Sudley that lived here were of an ancient English Race deducing their original from Goda the daughter of K. Aethelred whose son Ralph Medantinus Earl of Hereford was the father of Harold Lord of Sudley whose progeny long continued here until for want of issue male the heiress married with 22 Sir William William Butler of the family of Wem and brought him a son named Thomas He was father of Ralph Lord high Treasurer of England whom Hen. 6. created Baron of Sudley 23 With a fee of 200 marks yearly and who new built this castle His sisters were married into the families of Northbury and Belknape by which their possessions were in a short time divided into different families Hard by this is Toddington Toddington where the Tracies Tracies of a worshipful and ancient family have long flourished and formerly received many favours from the Barons of Sudley But how in the first reformation of religion William Tracy Lord of this place was censured after his death his body being dug up and burn'd publickly for some slight words in his last Will which those times call'd heretical or how in preceding times another William Tracy imbrued his hands in the blood of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Ecclesiastical writers having told us at large is now no part of my business to relate Winchelcomb Winchelcomb is here seated which is a populous town where Kenulph the Mercian King erected a Monastery and upon the day of it's consecration freely dismissed Edbricth King of Kent then his prisoner without any ransome paid 'T is scarce credible in what great repute this monastery was for the sake of the reliques of K. Kenesm a child of 7 years old whom his sister privately bereaved of his life to gain the inheritance and who was by that age added to the number of martyrs The neighbourhood of this place was formerly reckoned as a County or Sheriffdom by it self for we find in an ancient manuscript belonging to the Church of Worcester these words Edric sirnamed Streona that is the * Adquisitor Acquirer who under Ethelred and afterwards under Cnute or Canute presided and reigned as a Viceroy over all England adjoyned the Sheriffdom of Winchelcombe which was then an entire thing in it self to the County of Glocester bb 24 Thence I found nothing memorable but near the fountain of Churn river Coberley a seat of a stem of Barkeleis so often named even from the Conquest which matched with an heir of Chandos and so came hereditarily to the Bruges progenitors to the Lords Chandos Then by Bird-lip-hill whereby we ascended to this high Coteswold Lower in the County lyeth Brimesfield Brimesfield where the Giffords were formerly Lords Giffords Barons to whom by marriage with the Cliffords came a plentiful Estate but soon after having only daughters it fell to the Lords Le Strange of Blackmer the Audleys and others cc These places are situate amongst the hills but under the hills upon the East-confines of the County I saw that famous Roman highway call'd the Fosse
to be Master of his own school was deny'd that favour by the Trustees By the * Cap. 7. 4th of James 1. it was settl'd upon Queen's College in Oxford ff More to the south is Cirencester Cirencester where was a Church of Prebendaries before the Conquest but of whose foundation unknown Rumbaldus as †Itin. MS. Leland affirms Chancellour to Edward the Confessor was Dean of this place and bury'd here They have had 3 Parochial-Churches St. Cecilia's St. Lawrence and St. John's a very fair one the present Parish-Church It hath in it 5 Chapels that of St. Mary's was very considerable of the perquisites whereof there is a large account in the MSS. of Sir William Dugdale in Oxford The body of the Church is new work said to be built by Tho. Ruthall Bishop of Durham a native of this place whose Arms impal'd with those of the Bishoprick of Durham are seen in it But notwithstanding that he could not be the Founder for there is a Tomb for Sir William Nottingham 1427. whereas the Bishop dy'd not till 1524. and the Register of St. Mary's Chapel was made 1460. Leland indeed has told us that Aveling the Bishop's Aunt gave 100 l. to the building of the goodly porch there and his other relations contributed to the finishing of it gg The Author of the Welsh History makes mention of one Gurmundus an Arch pirate Captain of the Norwegians who assisted the Saxons The place call'd Grismund s Tower is yet to be seen on the west-side of the town 't is a steep round berry like a Windmill-hill where mens bones of an unusual size have been found and sepulchres with a round vessel of lead with ashes and pieces of bones in them as Leland informs us In this town are two fine seats the one belonging to the Earl of Newburrough and the other which was the site of the Abbey to Thomas Masters Esq hh The 7 Hundreds that were so great a privilege to the Abbey are now vested in Sir Robert Atkyns Knight of the Bath Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer who hath a fair seat and estate at Sapperton Sapperton near this place His Ancestors have been very eminent in the Law the father and two sons having sat Judges in Westminster-hall since the year 1660. There have been lately dug up in the town large vaults of brick which were in ancient times made by the Romans for Baths ii Beyond Cirencester lyeth Fairford Fairford where the fine Church was built by John Tame Esq He dy'd the 8. of May 1500. and lies bury'd here He is said also to have built Rendcombe-Church which place is now the habitation of Sir John Guyse Baronet where he hath made him a pleasant seat The Tames were possessed of this place by the Attainder of Nevil Earl of Warwick where was a house on the north-side of the Church call'd Warwick-Court The present possessor is Andrew Barker Esq who about 30 years since built a neat house remoter from the Church Thence we go to Lechlade which the Monkish Writers hammer'd into Latinlade to support their forged notion of it's being a Latin University Whereas ‖ See Somner's Gloss to the X. Scriptores under the title Greglada if they had understood their own original language they would easily have perceiv'd that the name implies no more than the Lech's unlading it self there into the Thames kk Before the Earls reckon'd up by our Author * Baronage p. 1. Sir William Dugdale has observ'd that Eldol the Britain had the title of Earl of Glocester in the year 461. †Ibid. p. 18. and that Swayne eldest son to Godwin Earl of Kent had the same honour Continuation of the DUKES Henry third son to King Charles 1. born 1639. was Duke of Glocester and dy'd unmarry'd 13. Sept. 1660. Since which time this title lay vacant till William son of George Prince of Denmark was created Duke of this place by his present Majesty More rare Plants growing wild in Glocestershire Androsaemum Campoclarense Col. Matthioli Park quoad descr Hypericon elegantissimum non ramosum folio lato J. B. Ascyron seu Hypericum bifolium glabrum non perforatum C. B. Elegant broad-leav'd imperforate S. John's-wort On St. Vincent's rock near Bristol Asparagus palustris Ger. Marsh Asparagus or Sperage corruptly call'd Sparrow-grass See the other Synonymes in Cornwall Cat. In Appleton-meadow about two miles from Bristol where the Country-people do gather the buds or young shoots and sell them in the markets at Bristol much cheaper than our Garden-kind is sold in London Park p. 455. This should seem rather to be the common or manured Asparagus growing wild than the maritime which differs from it though growing in the same place in having thicker leaves and a better taste Magnol Buxus arborescens Park Buxus Ger. J. B. The Box-tree At Boxwell in Coteswold As I find in some notes communicated to me by my honoured friend Mr. John Aubrey Cardamine pumila Bellidis folio Alpina Ger. emac. Plantula Cardamines alterius aemula Park Nasturtium Alpinum Bellidis folio minus C. B. Sinapi pumilum Bellidis folio Clusio J. B. Daisie-leav'd Ladies-smock Found by Mr. Newton on St. Vincent's-rock near Bristol Ceterach sive Asplenium Scolopendria Spleenwort or Miltwast About St. Vincent's-rock among the heaps of stones plentifully and on many walls about Bristol Hyacinthus Autumnalis minor Small Autumnal Hyacinth On the same St. Vincent's-rock See the Synonymes in Cat. Cornw. Malva arborea marina nostras Park English Sea-tree-mallow On an Island call'd Dinney three miles from Kings-road and five miles from Bristol Park p. 306. Peucedanum minus Park C. B. Phytop pumilum Ger. Peucedani facie pusilla planta Lob. Selinum montanum pumilum Clusii foliis Foeniculi aut Peucedani flore albo semine Selini J. B. Rock-Parsley On St. Vincent's-rock near Bristol Rubia Sylvestris Park See the other Synonymes in Devon Cat. Wild-madder On St. Vincent's-rock This hath been mistaken for the common manured Madder from which it is specifically distinct Sedum minus è rupe S. Vincentii Small Sengrene of St. Vincent's-rock The title directs to the place To these I shall add Anemone tuberosa radice Phyt. Brit. Knobby rooted Anemony or Wind-flower said to grow on Coteswold-hills near Black-Burton and to be a great ornament to those barren hills by Mr. Heaton My learned and inquisitive friend Mr. Edward Lloyd sought it there in vain Hipposelinum Ger. emac. Hipposelinum seu Smyrnium vulgare Park Macerone quibusdam Smyrnium semine magno nigro J. B. Hipposelinum Theophrasti vel Smyrnium Dioscoridis C. B. Alexanders On the rocks at Bechley going down to Ast-ferry Nasturtium montanum annuum tenuissimè divisum Finely-cut annual Mountain-Cresse Brought to Mr. Bobert from St. Vincent's-rock near Goram's-Chair in the parish of Henbury three miles from Bristol It is something agreeable to the Nasturtium Alpinum tenuissimè divisum septimum C. B. Allium Holmense sphaericeo capite Scorodoprassum
and Hospital at Higham-Ferrers the place of his nativity in the year 1437. He endow d it for a Warden and 40 Fellows chiefly with the lands of Priories-Alien dissolv'd in 2 Hen. 5. â—alen's dd Magdalen College was founded An. 1458. on the site and lands of the dissolv'd Hospital of S. John's with so large endowments and such conveniences of all kinds that it is justly esteem'd one of the most noble Foundations in the Christian World â—ck â—ry ee The design of the publick-Library was first laid by Sir Thomas Bodley Kt. in the year 1597. By him the old Library of Duke Humphrey was repair'd and fitted for the reception of books 1599. and an additional East-Gallery begun in the year 1610. Another Gallery on the West projected by him was rais'd with a House of Convocation under it An. 1638. But all these being now too narrow to contain the vast accession of Books there have been new Galleries erected over each side of the middle Isle chiefly to receive the generous Legacy of Thomas Barlow Lord Bishop of Lincoln who had been elected Keeper of this Library An. 1652. When one views the Catalogue of printed Books by Dr. Hyde and the other of Manuscripts by Dr. Bernard he must admire the prodigious treasure and neither envy Rome her Vatican nor India her gold ff Brazen-nose Brazen-nose College so call'd from a Hall distinguish'd by that name was founded by William Smith Bishop of Lincoln and Richard Sutton Esquire 3 Hen. 8. It is of late years adorn'd with a beautiful Chapel Library and Cloysters the elegant structure whereof was begun in the year 1656 and the Chapel consecrated by the Bishop of Oxford An. 1666. gg The Foundation of Corpus Christi Corpus Christi College was design'd by that great Prelate and wise Politician Richard Fox for a Seminary of Monks to the Priory of S. Swithin in Winchester An. 1513. But diverted from that and assisted by Hugh Oldham Bishop of Exeter he establish'd it for a Society of Students An. 1516. with Endowments so ample and Statutes so admirable as have made very many of it's members men of singular piety and learning hh As for Christ Church Christ-Church after Cardinal Wolsey had procur'd from Pope Clement 7. a Bull for dissolving 22 Religious-houses and converting them to the use of two Colleges one to be founded at Ipswich his place of nativity the other at Oxford to which he ow'd his education he obtain'd the Kings Licence to institute a College on the site of the Priory of St. Frideswide to be call'd Cardinal-College which he first design'd for a Dean and 18 Canons and projected much greater things But before any settlement came his fatal ruin An. 1529. when among his other vast possessions this College fell into the King's hands Who in the year 1532. â—estor'd most of the allotted Revenues and had it call'd Henry the Eighth's College But this he dissolv'd in 1545. and the year following erected it into a Cathedral Church for a Bishop a Dean and 8 Canons The beauty and honour of this College have been much advanc'd by the industry piety and bounty of the late excellent Dean John Fell Lord Bishop of Oxford ii The dissolv'd Durham College Trinity mention'd by our Author was granted by K. Edw. 6. to his Physician George Owen of Godstow of whom in the year 1554. it was purchas'd by Sir Thomas Pope Kt. and repair'd and endow'd the year following Under the present government of Dr. Ralph Bathurst it has been adorn'd with fair additional buildings and a Chapel of exquisite beauty consecrated Apr. 12. 1694. kk And the site of Bernard College was in the year 1555. obtain'd from the Crown by Thomas White Alderman of London St. John's this he enlarg'd and endow'd An. 1557. by the title of St. John Baptist's College which in buildings and revenues has receiv'd gâ—eat augmentation from the liberal piety of Archbishop Laud and Archbishop Juxon ll Of Jesus Jesus College Dr. Hugh Price Treasurer of the Church of St. David's is by our Author juâ—tly stil'd the Founder For he began to build and competently endow'd it An 1571. But the Society to assume the honour of a Royal Foundation acknowledge Qu. Elizabeth their Founder who furnish'd them with some timber out of two adjoyning Forests The wise and pious Sir Lionel Jenkins late Secretary of State was so great a Benefactor as to be in a manner justly esteem'd a second Founder mm Sixteen Colleges and 8 Halls was the number when our Author wrote but the Colleges are now 18 and the Halls but 7. For Wadham Wadham College design'd by Nicholas Wadham and completed by Dorothy his Relict An. 1613. is since built and Broad-gate-Hall converted into Pembroke Pembroke College whose Foundation is owing to the charity of Thomas Tisdal and the industry of Richard Wightwicke nn But above all other buildings this University justly boasts of Sheldon's Theater Sheldon's Theater a work of admirable contrivance and exceeding magnificent built by the most Reverend Father in God Gilbert Sheldon Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellour of this University An. 1668. Who besides an infinite expence upon the Structure gave 2000 l. to purchase lands for the perpetual repair of it The Area within which it stands is round the walls of it adorn'd with inestimable reliques of Grecian and Roman Antiquities of which the greatest part is owing to the bounty of Hen. Howard Earl of Arundel some also to the Executors of Mr. Selden others to Sir George Wheeler c. On the west-side of the Theater Musaeum stands Ashmole's Musaeum a neat and curious Edifice of which the lower part is a Chymical Elaboratory the first floor on a noble ascent is a spacious Hall and the upper-chamber a Repository of Natural and Artificial Curiosities The greatest part of these are owing to the generosity of Elias Ashmole Esq who has prescrib'd Statutes for the Custody of them and has reposited in this place the excellent Collection of MSS. made by himself and by his Father-in-law Sir William Dugdale oo The town of Tame Tame though our Author mentions nothing of it before the Conquest seems yet to have been of some note in the Saxon times for we find that in the year 970. Arch-bishop Oskytel ended his days in it The Abbey mention'd by our Author of the Cistercian Order was founded at the village of Ottendun and as Mr. Leland says upon Otmore by Sir Robert Gait Knight who endowing it with five virgates of land in Ottendum call'd it from an adjacent wood Ottelei But the low site making it altogether unfit for a Monastery it was remov'd to Tame and the Church there dedicated to St. Mary on July 21. 1138. 3 K. Steph. Of which the Bishop was afterwards reputed the founder though he only translated it and gave part of his park at Tame for the site of it with some other lands which had
which had been for some time buried under ground and was dug up a perfect stone More to the East Tuddington shews it's beautiful house lately built by H. Lord Cheney 12 Made by Queen Elizabeth Baron Cheyney of Tuddington built and shortly after dy'd sans-issue where also formerly Paulinus Pever a Courtier and Sewer to King Henry 3. did as Matth. Paris tells us build a seat with such palace-like grandeur such a Chapel such Lodgings with other houses of stone cover'd with lead and surrounded it with such ‖ Pomoeâ—â— avenues and parks that it rais'd an astonishment in the beholders We have not gone far from this place along by Hockley in the hole a dirty road extreme troublesome to travellers in winter time 13 For the old Englishmen our Progenitors call'd deep mire hock and hocks and through fields wherein are the best beans yielding a pleasant smell but by their fragrancy spoiling the scent of dogs not without the great indignation of the Hunters till we ascend a white hill into Chiltern and presently come to Dunstable Duâ—stabâ—e seated in a chalky ground pretty well inhabited and full of Inns. It has 4 streets answering the 4 quarters of the world and because of the dryness of the soil every one has 4 publick * Lacunâ— ponds which tho' supply'd only with rain-water are yet never dry For springs they can come at none without digging 24 fathom deep In the middle of the town there is a Cross or rather a Pillar having engraven upon it the Arms of England Castile and Pontieu and adorn'd with Statues it was built by K. Edw. 1. in memory of his Queen Eleanor among some others in places through which she was carry'd 14 Out of Lincolnshire in Funeral pomp to Westminster There 's no manner of doubt to be made but that this was the Station which Antoninus the Emperour in his Itinerary mentions under the name of Magioninium Magiovinium Magiovinium and Magintum c Mr. Camden in his second edition 8o. settl'd it at Ashwell in Hertfordshire nor need it be sought in any other place For setting aside that it stands upon the Roman Military way the Swineherds now and then in the neighbouring fields find Coins of the Emperors which they call to this day Madning-money and at a little distance upon the very descent of Chiltern-hills there is a round military fortification such as Strabo has told us the British towns were It contains 9. acres and is call'd Madning-bowre and Madin-bowre a name wherein with a little variation one may easily discover Magintum But after Magintum either by the storms of war or time was destroy'd Henry 1. built another Town here with a Royal seat at Kingsbury and planted a Colony that should be a curb to the insolence of Robbers as the private History of the little Monastery which he founded for an ornament to his Colony does plainly testifie But take the very words of that private History tho' they savour something of the barbarity of that age It is to be observ'd that that * Aâ—ea structure at the meeting of the way of Watling and Ikening d Primitus sartabatur in the folio edition but in the second which was in 8o. we find in the margin primitus succidebantur was first contriv'd by Henry the Elder of that name King of England to prevent the mischiefs of one Dun a famous Robber and his Gang and that from this Dun the place was call'd Dunstable i Our Lord the King built a burrough there and a Royal seat for himself near it The Burgesses were free in every thing as the other Burgesses of the King's Realm The King had in the same village a Fair and Market and afterwards built a Church wherein by the authority of Pope Eugenius 3. he plac'd Canons Regular feoffing the said Religious in the whole Burrough by Charter and granting them several immunities k 15 As for Leighton Buzard on the one side of Dunstable and Luton on the other neither have I read nor seen any thing memorable in them unless I should say that at Luton I saw a fair Church but the Quire then roofless and overgrown with weeds and adjoyning to it an elegant Chapel founded by J. Lord Wenlock and well maintained by the family of Rotheram planted here by Thomas Rotheram Archbishop of York and Chancellour of England in the time of King Edw. 4. Now of the Lords Dukes and Earls of Bedford Dâ—kes Earls and Barons of Bâ—â—â—ord First there were Barons of Bedford of the family of Beauchamp who by right of inheritance were Almoners to the Kings of England on their Coronation-day But the estate being divided by daughters to the Mowbrays Wakes and Fitz-Otes King Edward 3. made Engelram de Coucy Earl of Soissons in France 16 Son to Engelrame Lord of Coucy and his wife daughter to the Duke of Austria to whom he had marry'd a daughter first Earl of Bedford Afterwards Henry 5. erected Bedford into a Dukedom and it had three Dukes the first was John third son of Henry 4. who beat the French in a sea-engagement at the mouth of the Seine and again being made Regent of France 17 Slain in a land-fight at Vernolium He was bury'd at Roan and the Fortune of England as to the French wars was bury'd with him Whose monument while Charles 8. King of France was a viewing and a Nobleman stood by that advis'd him to pull it down Nay says he let him rest in peace now he 's dead whom France dreaded in the field while alive The second Duke of Bedford was George Nevil a young boy son of John Marquess of Montacute both of whom K. Edw 4. degraded by Act of Parliament almost assoon as he had set them up the father for treachery in deserting his party and the son out of revenge to the father Tho' it was indeed urg'd as a pretence that he had not estate enough to bear out the grandeur of a Duke and that great men when they want answerable Fortunes are always a plague and burthen to their neighbours The third was Jasper de Hatfeld Earl of Pembroke honour'd with this title by his * Nepote grandchild Hen. 7. whom he had sav'd out of very great dangers but 18 Some ten years after his creation he tho' he liv'd to a great age dy'd unmarry'd But within the memory of our Fathers it return'd to the title of an Earldom when King Edward 6. created John Russel Earl of Bedford who was succeeded by his son 19 Sir Francis Francis a person of that piety and gentile easiness of temper that whatever I can possibly say in his commendation will fall infinitely short of his Virtues He left Edward his successor and grandchild by his son Francis who is growing up by degrees to the honour of his Ancestors This little County has 116 Parishes ADDITIONS to BEDFORDSHIRE a ON the west-side of
so naturally arising from the use of the Grant I cannot imagine there should be any thing more in 't * Ibid. p. 368. But though this do not much countenance the opinion yet ought it not to be altogether rejected as receiving some confirmation from the pieces of Antiquity dugg up hereabouts For in making the foundation of this new Fabrick among other things they cast up the teeth of Boars and of other beasts a piece of a Buck's horn with several fragments of Vessels which by the figure one would imagine to have been us'd in their Sacrifices A great number of these with an entire Urn a Lamp and other things belonging to the Roman Funerals and dugg up in Goodman's-fields are in the hands of my ingenious Friend Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn Esq Persons buried in this Church m To conclude the History of St. Paul's our Author gives us a breviat of the royal and noble persons interr'd in it to whom we must needs add Robert Braybrook Bishop of London and sometime Lord high Chancellor of England Dugd. Hist of St. Pauls who dy'd Aug. 27. Anno 1404. 5 Hen. 4. above 260 years before the ruin of this Church in 1666. yet upon pulling down the stone-work and removal of the rubbish his body was found entire the skin still inclosing the bones and fleshy parts only in the breast there was a hole made I suppose by accident through which one might either view or handle his lungs The skin was of a deep tawny colour and the body very light as appear'd to all who came to view and handle it it being expos'd in a Coffin for some time without any thing of an ill smell and then reinterr'd To which Mr. * Survey p. 227. Stow gives us a parallel History in this very City in the corps of one Alice Hackney wife of Richard Hackney Sheriff of London 15 Edw. 2. An. 1321. whose body being dugg up by the Labourers in April Anno 1497. as they were working the foundations of a Wall in the Parish Church of St. Mary-hill was found with her skin whole her bones all in their natural posture and the joynts of her arms pliable but yielding an ill smell after it had been kept four days above ground In which two last points this though equally entire differ'd from the former whence 't is very evident they had in ancient times more ways than one of preserving the dead from corruption as well as now Increase of London n And lastly to conclude his account of the whole City he gives us relations out of Malmsbury and Fitz Stephen of its excess in trade and magnitude at the time of the Conquest and increase in both since the Subuâ—bs in his time having extended themselves in one continued range of building as far as Westminster To which let me add its further advancement in our days which hath been so very great that as the ingenious †Politic Essâ—y Sir William Petty hath probably computed it from the number of the burials and houses in each City the City of London in Anno 1683. or thereabout was as big as Paris and Rouen the two best Cities of the French Monarchy put together and that now above 7 parts of 15 having been new built since the great fire and the number of inhabitants increased near one half the total amounting to near 700000 it is become equal to Paris and Rome put together o In the Suburbs he takes notice of the most eminent buildings and amongst them of the Rolls Rolls in Chancery-lane which was founded by King Hen. 3. Anno 1233. in the 17th of his reign in the place of a Jews house to him forfeited for the support of converted Jews and therefore stiled Domus Conversorum where all such Jews and Infidels converted to the Christian Faith had sufficient maintenance allowed them were instructed in the Doctrine of Christ and liv d under a Christian Governour till Anno 1290. when all the Jews were banisht out of the realm by which means the number of Converts necessarily decaying and the house becoming as it were depopulated it was granted to William Burstall Custos Rotulorum by Letters Patents bearing date 51 Edw. 3. for keeping of the Rolls which Grant was ratified in Parliament 1 Rich. 2. and by other Letters Patents 6 Rich. 2. Notwithstanding which Grant and Ratifications all converted Jews have ever since been allowed and will be hereafter as often as any such shall appear one penny half penny per diem toward their maintenance which allowance was paid to Peter Samuel and John Maza two converted Jews Anno 1685. 2 Jac. 2. as appears by the Master of the Rolls account in the Hannaper and a Constat out of the Pell-office both of the date above-mention'd who were the two last I can find that ever enjoy'd this benefit * MS. in Capel Roâ— p In the Suburbs lying along the Thames-side betwixt Temple-barr and Westminster were many other houses as well of the spiritual as temporal Nobility beside those mention'd by our Author For the Bishops of Exeter Bath and Wells Salisbury Lichfield and Coventry Worcester Norwich Landaff Carlisle Durham and the Archbishop of York had all anciently houses here and so had the Dukes of Buckingham and the Earls of Exeter Worcester and Northumberland as the Dukes of Somerset and Beaufort the Earls of Bedford Salisbury and Rivers have all still houses remaining here q From the Suburbs our Author proceeds next to the Abbey-Church of Westminster Westminster and the magnificent Chapel of King Henry 7. which he erected in the place of the Chapel of our Lady built before with the Church by King Henry 3. and a Tavern near adjoyning both which being pull'd down he laid the foundation of this Jan. 24. 1502 fetching most of the stone from Huddlestone quarrey in Yorkshire The whole charge of it amounted to no less than 14000 pound sterling His own Tomb of brass is here richly gilt made and finisht Anno 1519. by one Peter a painter of Florence for which he had paid him for materials and workmanship a thousand pound sterling by the King's Executors †Stow's Survey p. 499. The School The School as it is famous for the great service it has done both to Church and State so is it more particularly memorable for the relation our Author had once to it and for Dr. Busbey its present Master whose worth and learning has these many years supported its reputation To the latter of these it is beholding for its Museum and for several improvements both in beauty and convenience as is the Master's house wherein he has all along liv'd for its enlargement The same person has built his Prebend's house there anew has pav'd the Quire of Westminster-Abbey with white and black marble stone and added a building to the King's Hospital of Green-coats in Turtil-fields In Buckinghamshire he hath rais'd from the ground the Church of
and East-Sex-scire a And along with Middlesex and part of Hertfordshire East-seaxna ric by the Normans Exssesa commonly Essex is a Country of a great breadth very fruitful abounding in Saffron very well stored with wood and exceeding rich On the one side the sea on the other the rivers well stock'd with fish do as it were crown the County and plentifully serve it with their commodities To the North the river Stour divides it from Suffolk on the East the sea comes up on the south the river Thames now encreas'd to a considerable bigness separates it from Kent as on the West the little river Ley from Middlesex and the Stort or lesser Stour which runs into the Ley from Hartfordshire In describing this County I shall use my former method and first observe what is most worth our notice near the Ley and the Thames and then proceed to those parts that lye inward and those that border on the sea a Near the Ley in Saxon Lygean spreads out a Chase of vast extent full of game the largest and fattest deer in the Kingdom called heretofore by way of eminence the Forest of Essex b now Waltham-Forest Waltham-Forest from the town Waltham in Saxon Wealdham i.e. a dwelling in the woods This town is seated on the Ley where the stream being divided encloseth several little Islands and is of no ancient original For in the latter times of the Saxons one Tovius a man of great wealth and authority and * Stallerus i.e. Vexillifer Standard-bearer to the King as we read in the private records of the place by reason of the abundance of deer made this place and guarded it with 66 men After his death his son Athelstan soon squander'd away the estate and Edward the Confessor bestow'd this village on Harold son to Earl Godwin Waltham Abbey who built here a Monastery where he himself was interr'd For having possess'd himself of the crown thro' his own ambition and the inadvertency of other men he rais'd this structure in honour of the Holy Cross 1 Found far westward and brought hither as they write by miracles Here he solemnly made his vows for success against the Normans and being presently after slain by them in battel his mother having obtain'd his body of the enemy by the most submissive intreaties deposited it in the same place It is now honour'd with the title of a Baron in 2 Sir Edward the Lord Edward Deny Baron Dâ— call'd to Parliament by K. James Above this a rising hill gives us a delightful prospect of Copthall Copthâ—ll formerly the seat of the Fitz-Auchers now of Sir Thomas Heneage Kt who hath brought it to this perfection On this river without doubt was seated the old Durolitum of Antoninus but 't is beyond my abilities to determine the exact place for to speak once for all the ancient places of this County are so strangely obscure and puzling that I who in other parts have made some discoveries must here freely own my self in the dark But were I to guess in this matter the place I should pitch upon is Leiton which still retains the ancient appellation Durolitum Durolitâ—â— signifying in British the water of Ley c 'T is at present a little scattering village some v. miles from London for which number thro' the negligence of transcribers xv hath crept into the Itinerary That there was here formerly a passage over the river a place in the neighbourhood call'd Ouldford or the Old-ford plainly argues Here when Maud wife to Hen. 1. had very narrowly escap'd drowning she took care to have a bridge built somewhat lower on the river at Stratford Where being divided into 3 streams it washeth the green meadows and makes them look most delicately Hereabouts we meet with the ruins of a little monastery built by William Montfichet a great Norman Lord about the year 1140. After this the Ley uniting it's streams runs with a gentle current into the Thames whence this place is call'd Ley-mouth ESSEX By Robt. Morden From the mouth of the Roding thro' a low country laid often in many places under ground Marshes whose unwholsome vapours very much impair the health of the adjacent inhabitants the Thames keeps on it's course to Tilbury Near which there are several spacious Caverns in a chalky cliff built very artificially with stone to the height of 10 fathoms Holes cut out being somewhat straight at the top A person that had been down to view them gave me a description of them much like this Of these I have nothing more to say than what I have mention'd elsewhere 〈◊〉 Kent p. â— Tâ—â—bâ—ry But this Tilbury which Bede calls Tilaburg consisting at present only of a few cottages by the river side was formerly a Bishop's See presided by Ceada when about the year 630. he converted the East-Saxons to the Christian Faith Afterwards passing by places here and there lying low but generally unhealthy the river opens it self and divides the Island Convennos Convennos Iâ—l which is the Counos mention'd by Ptolemy from the Continent This place hath not yet quite lost it's name but is still call'd Canvey Canvey It runs along the Confines of Essex for 5 miles together from Leegh to Hole-haven some part of it belonging to the Church of Westminster But the ground is so extreme low that 't is very often all drowned except a few of the highest hillocks which in such a case serve for a retreat to the sheep Of these there are commonly fed four thousand in this Island the meat of which is of a very excellent taste I have observed young men with little stools under them milking them as women in other places and making cheese of Ewe's milk in the little dairy-houses or huts built for that purpose which they call Wiches Over against this Island are seated Beamfleet Bâ—amfleet fortified with a Castle and large and deep ditches saith Florilegus by Hastingus or Hasteny the Dane which were all forced by King Alfred Then Hadleigh formerly the castle of Hubert de Burgh afterwards of Thomas de Woodstock now a heap of ruins And lastly Leegh a prâ—tty little town well stock'd with lusty sea-men Near this stands Pritlewell in which one Swain de Essex heretofore built a Cell for Monks Here too the land juts out into a nook call'd Black-tayl-point and Shoberry-Nesse from Shobery â—â—oâ—ery a little village upon it foâ—merly the city Sceobirig For we read in the old Saxon Annals that the Danes being chased from Beamfleot repaired to a city of the East-Saxons call'd in their language Sceobirig and there secur'd themselves with fortifications Here being forsaken of it's banks on both sides the Thames is constrain'd to empty it self into the Ocean Whence the place is call'd by Ptolemy Tamesae and in some copies corruptly Jamesae aestuarium by us the Thames-mouth Farther into the main land lies Rochford Rochford giving
name to this Hundred now the Estate of the Lords Rich. It was formerly possess'd by a very ancient family of the same name whose estate fell at last to Butler Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire and from him to 4 Sir Thomas Thomas Bollen created by Hen. 8. first Visc Rochford and afterwards E. of Wiltshire from whom the excellent Q Elizabeth and the Barons Hunsdon are descended 5 Here I have heard much speech of a Lawless-Court as they called it holden in a strange manner about Michaelmas in the first peep of the day upon the first cock-crowing in a silent sort yet with shrew'd sines eftsoons redoubled if not answered which servile attendance they say was imposed upon certain Tenants thereabout for conspiring there at such unseasonable time to raise a commotion But I leave this knowing neither the original nor the certain form thereof Only I heard certain obscure barbarous Rhimes of it Curia de Domino Rege tenetur sine Lege Ante ortum solis luceat nisi polus c. not worth remembring On the Thames-side toward the East at farther distance from the shore the places best worth our notice are those that follow in their order And first Havering Havering an ancient retiring place of the Kings called so from a ring given there by a stranger to Edward the Confessor as a present from St. John Horn-Church called formerly Horn-Monastery a pair of huge leaden horns are now fasten'd to the east-side of the Church Rumford Rumford famous for the Hog market and a building adjoyning called Giddy-Hall which belong'd to 6 Sir Thomas Thomas Coke sometime Lord Mayor of London See the Annals 1467. whose great riches expos'd him to extraordinary dangers For being in the worst of times tho' innocent accus'd of High treason altho' thro' the integrity of Judge Markham he was acquitted yet had he a severe fine imposed on him to the value of very near his whole estate Brentwood 7 Called by thâ— Normans Bois arse in the same sense and by that name King Stephen granted a Market and a Fair there to the Abbot of St. Osith and many â—â—ars after Isabel Countess of Bedford Daughter to King Edward 3. built a Chapel to the memory of S. Thomas of Canterbury for the ease of the inhabitants Brentwood and Engerston formerly Engheaston noted only for their Inns and Markets Here I am at a stand and in doubt whether I had best take this opportunity to ease my self of a conjecture which I have sometime since conceiv'd Since the City Caesaromagus was certainly seated in these parts and that no doubt Caesaromagus call'd in the Itinerary-table Barâ—magus a place of eminent note in the time of the Romans as the very name imports signifying as much as the City of Caesar in the same manner as Drusomagus the city of Drusus Which too seems probably to have been built in honour of Augustâ—us For Suetonius informs us that all the Princes who were the friends and allies of that Emperour built cities in his honour in the names of which the word Caesar compos'd a part What then if I should fix Caesaromagus near this Brentwood Could the reader forbear to smile at my fancy Indeed my opinion can receive very little strength from the distances in the Itinerary since the numbers are there so strangely corrupted Yet those from Colonia and Canonium agree very well to this place Nor can I draw an argument from the situation of it on a Roman way since we can find no footsteps of any such in this County Nor do we meet with the least shadow of the word Caesaromagus unless a very small affinity in the name of the Hundred formerly called Ceasford now Cheafford Hundred And indeed as the names of some ancient places are very little alter'd others quite changed there are others so mangled that only one syllable or two of the former denomination remains Thus Caesar-augusta in Spain is now corrupted into Sarogosa Caesaromagus in Gaul hath entirely lost it's old name and assum'd that of Beauvois and Caesarea in Normandy hath scarce one entire syllable left it in the present name Cherburg But why do I insist on these trifles If Caesaromagus be not in this neighbourhood let others seek for it elsewhere For my part the discovery is far beyond my reach tho' I have used all the assistance that my eyes and ears could afford me d Hard by I saw South-Okindon South Okindon heretofore the seat of the Bruins Bruin a family of very great repute in these parts From which by two co-heiresses that were several times married Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk the Tirels Berniers Harlestons Heveninghams and others are descended The male issue of this family are still remaining in Hamshire And Thorndon Thorndon where Sir John Petre Kt. 8 Created by our Sovereign King James c. now Baron Petre Baron Petre. of Writtle hath built a fair seat It was formerly the habitation of the noble family of the Fitz-Lewis's the last of which if we believe common report upon the casual burning of the house at the solemnity of his wedding was miserably consum'd in the flames Then Burghsted by contraction Bursted i.e. the place of a Burgh a denomination given to many places by our ancestors Here I once thought was the Caesaromagus But whatever it were formerly at present 't is only a small village inhabited by husband-men near Billiricay a pretty large market-town Hard by is Ashdown Ashdown formerly Assandun i.e. as Marian interprets it The Mount of Asses famous for a desperate battel in which Edmund Ironside at first put the Danes to the rout but afterwards thro' treachery lost the day together with a great number of his Nobility In memory of which we read that Canutus the Dane built here a Church when repenting of all the blood he had occasion'd to be spilt he erected some kind of religious structure wherever he had engaged in fight Not far from hence lies Raleigh a pretty little town 't is call'd in Domesday-book Raganeia which makes mention of a Castle built here by one Sweno Where too we read Arpennâ—s Wine There is one park six Arpennies of vineyards which if it takes well yields twenty Modii of wine which I here take notice of both for the French word Arpennis and for the wine made in this Island Ralph de Diceto This Sweno was a very eminent man for name and honour the son of Robert Fitz-Wimaerc Family of Essex and father of Robert de Essex to whom was born 9 Sir Robert de Essex Henry de Essex b See in Flintshire under the title Coleshul Standard-bearer to the King by right of inheritance who in a battel against the Welsh threw away his courage and standard together and being accus'd of High treason c By Robert de Montfort overcome in single combat and thrown into prison
an honourable series of Earls and Lords are descended From hence passing through Earls-Coln so call'd by reason of its being the burying place of the Earls of Oxford where Aubry de Vere 24 In the time of King Henry 1. founded a small Convent and took himself a religious habit it goes on to Colonia which Antoninus mentions and makes a different place from Colonia Camaloduni Whether this Colonia Colonia be deriv'd from the same word signifying a Colony or from the river Coln let Apollo determine k For my part I am more inclin'd to the latter opinion since I have seen several little towns that adding the name of Coln to that of their respective Lords are call'd Earls-Coln Wakes-Coln Coln-Engain Whites-Coln This city the Britains call'd Caer Colin the Saxons Coleceaster and we Colchester Colchester 'T is a beautiful populous and pleasant place extended on the brow of an hill from West to East surrounded with walls and adorn'd with 15 Parish-Churches besides that large Church which Eudo Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. John This is now turn'd into a private house In the middle of the city stands a castle ready to fall with age Historians report it to have been built by Edward son to Aelfred when he repair'd Colchester which had suffer'd very much in the wars 25 And long after Maud the Empress gave it to Alberic Vere to assure him to her party But that this city flourish'd even more than ever in the time of the Romans abundance of their coins found every day fully evince l Though I have met with none ancienter than Gallienus the greatest part of them being those of the Tetrici Victorini Posthumus C. Carausius Helena mother to Constantine the Great Constantine and the succeeding Emperours The inhabitants glory that Fl. Julia Helena mother to Constantine the Great was born in this city daughter to King Coelus And in memory of the Cross which she found they bear for their arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns Of her and of this city thus sings Alexander Necham though with no very lucky vein Effulsit sydus vitae Colcestria lumen Septem Climatibus lux radiosa dedit Sydus erat Constantinus decus imperiale Serviit huic flexo poplite Roma potens A star of life in Colchester appear'd Whose glorious beams of light seven climats shar'd Illustrious Constantine the world's great Lord Whom prostrate Rome with awful fear ador'd The truth is she was a woman of a most holy life and of an unweary'd constancy in propagating the Christian Faith whence in old inscriptions she is often stiled PIISSIMA and VENERA-BILIS AUGUSTA Between this city where the Coln emptieth it self into the sea lyes the the little town of St. Osith the old name was * Cice by the Saxon Annals Chic Chic the present it receiv'd from the holy Virgin St. Osith S. Osithe who devoting her self entirely to God's service and being stabbed here by the Danish pyrates was by our ancestors esteem'd a Saint In memory of her Richard Bishop of London about the year 1120. built a Religious house and fill'd it with Canons Regular This is now the chief seat of the right honourable the Lords Darcy Barons Darcy of Chich. stiled Lords of Chich who were advanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the sixth 26 When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his Councellor Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard Lord Darcy of Chich. m From hence is stretch'd out a vast shore as far as Nesse-point Nesse in Saxon Eadulphesness What was once found hereabouts let Ralph de Coggeshal tell you who wrote about 350 years ago In the time of King Richard on the sea-shore in a village call'd Edulfinesse were found two teeth of a Giant Giants of such a prodigious bigness that two hundred of such teeth as men ordinarily have now might be cut out of one of them These I saw at Cogshal and handled with great admiration Another I know not what Gigantick relique was found near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth by the noble R. Candish I can't deny but there have been men of such extraordinary bulk and strength as to be accounted prodigies whom God as St. Austin tells us therefore produc'd in the world to show that comeliness of body and greatness of stature were therefore not to be esteem'd among the good things because they were common to the impious with the virtuous and religious Yet we may justly suspect what Suetonius hath observ'd that the vast joints and members of great beasts dugg up in other countries and in this kingdom too have been commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Giants Bones of Giants n From this point the shore runs back a little to the Stour's mouth famous for a sea-fight between the Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now seated Harewich Harewiâ—â— a very safe harbour as the name imports for the Saxon Hare-Æ¿ic signifies as much as an haven or bay where an army may lye 27 The town is not great but well peopled fortified by art and nature and made more fencible by Queen Elizabeth The salt-water so creeketh about it that it almost insulateth it but thereby maketh the springs so brackish that there is a defect of fresh water whcih they fetch-some good way off o This is that Stour which parteth Essex and Suffolk and on this side runs by no memorable place only some fat pastures But not far from the spring of this river stands Bumsted which the family of the Helions held by Barony 28 From whom the Wentworths of Gosfield are descended And in those parts of this county which are opposite to Cambridgeshire lyes Barklow Barkl w. Old Baâ—rows famous for four great Barrows such as our ancestors us'd to raise to the memory of those Soldiers that were kill'd in battel and their bodies lost But when two others in the same place were dugg up and search'd we are told that they found three stone Coffins and abundance of pieces of bones in them The Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd after a battel with the Danes And the †Wall-wort or Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty and bears red berries they call by no other name but Dane's-blood Danes-blood denoting the multitude of Danes that were there slain Lower among the fields that look pleasantly with Saffron is seated g Call'd formerly Walden-burg and afterwards Cheping-Walden Walden Waldâ—â— a market-town call'd thence Saffron-Walden 29 Incorporated by King Edward 6. with a Treasurer two Chamberlains and the Commonalty It was famous formerly for the castle of the Magnavils which now scarce appears at all and for an adjacent little Monastery 30 Founded in a place very commodious in the year 1136. Commonly call'd Maâ—dâ—villeâ— in which the Magnavils founders of it lye interr'd Jeffrey de Magnaville was
Besides another share as Mr. Camden observes pass'd to Brus. As for Chelmsford that indeed was a villa belonging to the Bishop of London when the Conqueror's Survey was made and so continu'd till Bishop Bonner alienated it to Henry 8. But it was of no great note till Bishop Maurice built the bridge there about the time of Henry 1. and his Successor William Bishop of London procur'd from King John Anno regni 1. a Market there and An. 2. a Fair. When it grew thus famous the road which is most considerable as to our business began to be through this town tho' till then it had all along laid through Writtle which we suppose to be the old Canonium Upon the river Froshwel or Pant which also runneth into this bay is Finchingfield Fâ—â—â—hingfâ—â—â—d held of Edw. 3. by John Compes by the service of turning the Spit at his Coronation g Going along with this river towards the Sea we find Maldon Maldon without all doubt the ancient Camalodunum tho' as our Author observes several men have sought it in other places It has been so largely treated upon by Authors that little more can be said Only as to the original of the name concerning which most of them seem to be at a loss a â—â—mmes 〈◊〉 late Writer has advanc'd a new one in favour of his own hypothesis that it comes from Camol which in the Phoenician signifies a Prince and Governour and the old dun a hill so that this may be call'd the King's-hill as Mons Capitolinus at Rome signifies Jupiter's-hill It s being Cunobâ—lin's Regia as our Author calls it or Palace seems to give some strength to the conjecture but then how it will suit with the old Altar-Inscription which mentions Camulus Deus and the coins which confirm it I very much doubt and these must be lookt upon as the best authority In a garden at Maldon was found a piece of gold almost as large as a Guinea It has on one side Nero and on the reverse Agrippina and is very exactly done h At six miles distance from Camalodunum the Itinerary mentions Ad Ansam Ad Aâ—sam which our Author thought to have been a Terminus to that famous Colony ‖ A later writer imagines Ad Ansam might be written instead of Ad Arcam which if true favours the conjecture of Mr. Camden because Arca was a monument also such as they set up in the borders of fields and observ'd for limits Hence we read in an old Glossary Arcae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. the utmost extent of possessions As for the position of it he imagines from the distances it could not be far from Coggeshal * Iâ—id and what has since hap'ned in those parts confirms his opinion By the road-side was discover'd an Hypogaeum or Grot with arched work wherein was a lamp in a glass vial cover'd with a Roman tile whose diameter was 14 inches There were also some urns and crocks wherein were ashes and bones Amongst the rest was one of a polite and most fine substance resembling rather Coâ—al than red Earth and had this Inscription upon the cover Coccillim perhaps for Coccilli M. that is Coccilli Manibus If this Coccillus was some Governour who under Antoninus Pius had the command of these places as †Funeral Mâ—â—â—â—men Weaver imagines 't is possible that the present name Coggeshall may have still some remains of that Notwithstanding which there is this objection lyes against our Author's conjecture From Dunmow the old Caesaromagus to Colonia or Colchester there is a direct Port-way runs through Coggeshal Now if that had been the old Ad Ansam 't is unaccountable how the Itinerary which often takes a wide circuit to hook in a town should in the 5th Iter pass by this that lays in its road What then if we should pitch upon Wittham The direct road from Combretonium or Bretton in Suffolk the next station before Ad Ansam Iter 9. lyes through it and it stands at an exact distance from Camalodunum Maldon which immediately follows Ad Ansam in the Itinerary viz. six miles Besides it does not want good evidences of its Antiquity for between the Church and the Street are still visible the remains of a large old Camp though much of the fortifications are digg'd down to make way for the plow and a road lyes through the midst of it What Matthew Westminster has observ'd of a Castle built there by Edward the Elder about the year 912. or 914. and how in the mean time he kept his Court at Maldon is a farther testimony of its Antiquity since as we observ'd before the Saxon Nobility made choice of the forsaken Camps of the Romans If these arguments be convincing that Ad Ansam was at Wittham and that the ruinous Camp there is the remains of it then 't is probable that the stately Manour-place here in Fauburn a mile distant from it was formerly the Villa or Country-house of some noble Roman And what renders the conjecture more plausible is a silver Coin of Domitian discover'd under the very foundation of an old wall built partly of Roman brick by the servants of Edward Bullock Esq Lord of the Manour who having had a liberal education in Trinity-College in Cambridge and marry'd first the daughter of Sir Mark Guien and secondly the daughter of Sir Josiah Child is a real ornament to this place i Not far from the river Coln near the head of it is Wetherfield Wetherfield which I find in an old Deed of Hugh Nevills to be written Weresfield This Hugh was with King Richard the first in his wars in the Holy Land where he slew a Lyon by an arrow-shot and by running him through with his sword which gave occasion to that old verse Viribus Hugonis vires periêre Leonis The Lion's strength couragious Hugh excels To the above-mention'd Deed which is short and plain according to the undesigning simplicity of those times is affixt his Seal wherein is exprest the manner of this Atchievement and about which is written Sigillum Hugonis Nevil It is now in the possession of Mr. John Nevil of Redgwell in this County who is a branch of that family descended from the Nevils of Raby-castle in the Bishoprick of Durham k Upon the river Coln nearer to the sea lyes Colchester Colchester the ancient Colonia Colonia from whence both the river and the town seem to have borrow'd their names For we know it was usual for the Saxons to make new names by adding their ceaster or burh c. to a part of the Roman though it is not to be doubted but the Earls Colne Wakes Colne c. mention'd by our Author and probably of much later being were so call'd immediately from the river as that from the Colony Why might not this be a Colony of the Londoners as London-derry of late years in Ireland especially since Tacitus has particularly observ'd that London
in the publick Records of the kingdom they must excuse me if I suspend my assent till they convince me upon better grounds Not but I own the family of the Glanvils to have made a very great figure in these parts But before Edward the third's time I could never yet find it vouch'd by good authority that any one was honour'd with the title of Earl of this County But that King made Robert de Ufford a person of great exploits both at home and abroad son of Robert Steward of the King's house under Edward the second by Cecilia de Valoniis Lady of Orford Earl of Suffolk To him succeeded his son William whose four sons were snatcht away by an untimely death in his life time and himself just as he was a going to report the opinion of the House of Commons in Parliament fell down dead Robert Willoughby Roger Lord of Scales Inq. 5. Rich. 2. and Henry de Ferrariis of Grooby as next heirs at Law divided the estate Lel. Com. in Cygnaam Cant. Wallingham p. 35â— Regist Mâ—n de Melsa And Richard the second advanc'd Michael de la Pole from a Merchant to this honour and to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England Who as Tho. Walsingham tells us was better vers'd in merchandize as a Merchant himself and the Son of a Merchant than in martial matters For he was the son of William de la Pole the first Mayor of Kingston upon Hull See Hull in Yorkshire i See Brook's Catalogue p. 305. and Discovery of Errours p. 46. 57 58 59. who upon account of his great wealth had the dignity of a Banerett conferr'd upon him by Edward the third But wanting a spirit fit to receive those crowds of prosperity he was forc'd to quit his Country and dy'd in banishment However his being a Merchant does not by any means detract from his honour for who knows not that even our Noblemen's sons have been Merchants Nor will I deny that he was nobly descended though a Merchant 20 Michael his son being restor'd dy'd at the siege of Harslew and within the space of one month his son Michael was in like manner slain in the battel of Agincourt leaving daughters only Michael his son being restor'd had a son Michael slain in the battel of Agincourt and William whom Henry the sixth from Earl of Suffolk first created Marquiss of Suffolk 21 As also Earl of Pembroke to him and the heirs male of his body and that he and his heirs male on the Coronation-day of the Kings of England carry a golden Verge with a dove on the top of it and such another Verge of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of England Afterwards he advanc'd the same person for his great deserts to the honour and title of Duke of Suffolk And indeed he was a man truly great and eminent For when his father and three brothers had lost their life in the service of their Country in the French wars he as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry 6. spent thirty whole years in the same war For seventeen years together he never came home once he was taken while but a Knight and paid twenty thousand pound * Nostrae monetae sterling for his ransom Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor and Knight of the Garter thirty By this means as he gain'd the entire favour of his Prince so did he raise the envy of the people 22 Insomuch that being vehemently accus'd of treason and misprisions and on that account summon'd to appear before the King and Lords in Parliament assembled after having answer'd the Articles objected he referr'd himself to the King's Order Whereupon the Chancellor by his Majesty's special command pronounc'd That whereas the Duke did not put himself on his Peers the King as for what related to the Articles of Treason would remain doubtful and with respect to those of Misprision not as a Judge by advice of the Lords but as a person to whose order the Duke had voluntarily submitted himself did banish him from the Realms and all other his Dominions for five years But he was surpriz'd c. and so for some slight misdemeanours and those too not plainly prov'd upon him he was banish'd and in his passage over into France was intercepted by the enemy and beheaded He left a son John who marry'd Edward the fourth's sister and had by her John Earl of Lincoln This Earl John being declar'd heir apparent to the Crown by Richard the third could not suppress his ambition but presently broke out against King Henry the seventh to his own destruction for he was quickly cut off 23 In the battel at Stoke in the Civil war to his father 's also who dy'd of grief and to the ruine of the whole family which expir'd with him For his brother Edmund styl'd Earl of Suffolk making his escape into Flanders began to raise a Rebellion against King Henry the seventh who better satisfy'd with repentance than punishment had pardon'd him for some heinous Crimes But a little after he was by Philip of Austria Duke of Burgundy against the Laws of Hospitality as they then worded it deliver'd up to Henry who solemnly promis'd him his life but clap'd him in prison Henry the eighth not thinking himself oblig'd to a promise of his father's when he had thoughts of going for France cut him off for fear there might be some insurrections in his absence But Richard his younger brother living under banishment in France made use of the title of Duke of Suffolk who was the last male of the family that I know of and dy'd bravely in the thick of the enemies troops An. 1524. in the battel of Pavie wherein Francis the first King of France was taken prisoner For his singular valour his very enemy the Duke of Bourbon bestow'd upon him a splendid Funeral †Atratúsque interâ—uit and was himself one of the Mourners Afterwards King Henry 8. conferr'd the title of Duke of Suffolk upon 24 Sir Charles Charles Brandon to whom he had given Mary his sister widow of Lewis the 12th King of France in marriage 25 And granted to him all the Hmours and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suffolk had forfeited He was succeeded by his young son Henry and Henry by his brother Charles but both dying of the ‖ Sudore Britannico Sweating-sickness 26 On one day in the year 1551. Edward the sixth dignify'd Henry Grey Marquiss of Dorchester who had marry'd Frances their sister with that title But he did not enjoy it long till he was beheaded by Queen Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to the Throne and was the last Duke of Suffolk From that time the title of Suffolk lay dead till of late King James in the first year of his reign created Thomas Lord Howard of Walden second son of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk Earl of Suffolk
sea-coast entire More inward upon the west-side of the County there are also several towns but because they are but of late standing I will just only touch upon them Near Linne is Rising-Castle Rising seated on a high hill and vying with that at Norwich It was formerly the seat of the Albinies afterwards of Robert de Mont-hault by marriage with the sister and coheir of Hugh de Albiney Earl of Arundel and lastly of the Mowbrays descended as I have been told from the same stock with the Albinies But now it is ruinated and as it were expiring for age z Below is Castle-acre Castle-acre where formerly the Earls of Warren dwelt in a Castle now ruinous that stood upon a little river aa The river is anonymous rising not far from Godwicke Godwick a lucky name where is a small seat but made great by the ornament it receives from the famous Sir Edward Cooke Knight a person of admirable parts than whom as no one ever apply'd himself closer to the study of the Common-Law so never any understood it better Whereof he convinc'd England by his discreet management for many years together whilst Attorney-General and still does by executing the office of Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas with the greatest prudence Nor has he given less proof of his abilities in his Commentaries upon our Laws whereby he has highly oblig'd both his own Age and Posterity This little river glides on gently westward to Linne by Neirford Neirford which gave name to the famous family of Neirfords and by Neirborrough where near the seat of the Spilmans Knights there is a strong and ancient military entrenchment upon a high hill very conveniently seated for the defence of the neighbouring field bb Next Penteney is plac'd upon the same rivulet which was formerly a common burying-place for the Nobility of those parts Neighbour to this is Wormegay Wormegay commonly Wrongey which Reginald de Warren brother of William de Warren second Earl of Surrey had with his wife of whom as I have read the said Earl had the donation or Maritage as they worded it in that age By his grand-daughter by a son it presently went to the Bardolphs â—arâ—ns â—â—â—dâ—â—ph noble and honourable Barons who flourish'd for a long time and bore three Cinque-foils Or in a field azure A great part of their estate along with the title came to 19 Sir William William Phellips and by his daughter to the Viscount Beaumont More to the east we see Swaffham â—â—affham a famous market-town formerly the possession of the Earl of Richmond Ashele-manour â—â—heâ—e in right whereof the Hastings and the Greys Lords of Ruthun â—â—n prâ—câ—â—â—â—◠‖ had formerly the oversight of the Table cloaths and Napkins made use of at the Coronation of the Kings of England â—â—â—â—e de â—â—â—â—aâ—yre North-Elmham where the Bishops had their seat for some time when this Diocese was divided into two cc Dereham Dâ—â—eham where was bury'd Withburga daughter of King Anna who divorcing her self entirely from all luxury and levity and being a Virgin of great sanctity was by our Ancestors canoniz'd a Saint dd Next to this is Gressenhall â—reâ—â—enhall with its neighbour Elsing both the possessions formerly of the Folliots â—oâ—â—ot persons of great honour in their time By the daughter of Richard Folliot they came to 20 Sir Hugh Hugh de Hastings of the family of Abergeuenny and at length by the daughters and heirs of Hugh Hasting the last Gressenhal came to 21 Sir Hamon Hamon le Strange of Hunstanston and Elsing â—â—â—ing to William Brown brother of 22 Sir Anthony Anthony Brown first Viscount Montacute In this Quarter also is Iâ—-borough â—â—hborough which Talbot takes to be the Iciani mention'd by Antoninus 〈◊〉 Nor need I say any more about these matters I have now nothing to do but to reckon up the Earls and Dukes of Norfolk and so go on to Cambridgeshire ee â—â—â—â—s and â—â—kes of â—â—rfâ—â—k William the Conquerour set one Ralph over the Country of the East-Angles that is the Counties of Norfolk Suffolk and Cambridgeshire But he was quickly depriv'd as I observ'd before for endeavouring innovations in the State Some years after in the reign of K. Stephen Hugh Bigod was Earl of Norfolk For when a Peace was concluded between Stephen and Henry of Anjou afterwards Henry 2. it was expresly provided that William son of Stephen â—â—â—eement â—â—â—ween K. â—â—â—pâ—en and â—â—â—y D. of â—â—pe should have the whole County of Norfolk except among other things the third penny of which Hugo Bigod was Earl Whom notwithstanding King Hen. 2. afterwards made Earl of the third penny of Norfolk and Norwic. A Monâ—â—s In the 27th of Henry 2. upon his death his son Roger succeeded him who for I know not what reason procur'd a new Creation-Charter of Rich. 1. Roger was succeeded by his son Hugh who marry'd Mawd eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke By her he had Roger Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England Luxatis â—â—poris arâ—â—lis who * wresting and straining his joynts in a Tournament dy'd without issue and Hugh Bigod Lord Chief Justice of England slain in the battel of Lewes whose son Roger succeeded his Uncle in the dignity of Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England But when his insolent and stubborn behaviour had thrown him under the displeasure of Edw. 1. he was forc'd to pass over his honours and almost his whole estate to the King for the use of Thomas de Brotherton the King's son by Margaret sister to Philip the Fair King of France For so a History has told us out of the Library of St. Augustin's in Canterbury In the year 1301. Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk made King Edward his heir and deliver'd up to him the Marshal's rod upon this condition That if his wife bore him any children all should be return'd and he should hold it peaceably without any contradiction on the King's part And the King gave him a thousand pound in money and a thousand †Librataâ— pound in lands for life along with the Titles of Marshal and Earl But he dying without issue King Edw. 2. by virtue of the surrender above-mention'd honour'd his brother Thomas Brotherton with the titles of Marshal and Earl of Norfolk But his daughter Margaret Parl. 21. Rich. 2. call'd Lady Marshal and Countess of Norfolk and marry'd to John Lord Segrave was created Dutchess of Norfolk for life by K. Rich. 2. who at the same time created Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham and grandchild to Margaret by a daughter first Duke of Norfolk to him and his heirs males having before granted him the dignity and stile of Earl Marshal of England 23 This is he that before the King was challeng'd and accus'd by Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford This is he who accus'd Henry of
Lancaster Earl of Hereford to the King for blabbing some scandalous and malicious words against his Majesty And when they were to try it by duel a Herald by the King's authority pronounc'd sentence against them at the very Lists that both should be banish'd Lancaster for 10 years but Mowbray for life who dy'd at Venice leaving two sons behind him in England Whereof Thomas Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham for he had no other titles upon raising a conspiracy was beheaded by Henry of Lancaster who had possest himself of the Crown under the name of Henry 4. But his brother and heir John by the favour of Hen. 5. was restor'd and being for some years after stil'd only Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham upon Hen. 6.'s coming to the Crown was by virtue of a Patent granted by Rich. 2. as son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk his father Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. and heir to Thomas his brother declar'd Duke of Norfolk by authority of Parliament He was succeeded by his son John who dy'd in the first year of Edw. 4. and he also by his son of that name who in the life-time of his father was by Hen. 6. created Earl of Surrey and Warren Parl. 17. Edw. 4. Whose only daughter Anne was marry'd to Richard Duke of York K. Ed. the 4.'s young son and with her had a grant from his father of the titles of Norfolk Earl Marshal Warren and Nottingham But both he and his wife being made away very young Rich. 3. K. of England conferr'd the title of Duke of Norfolk and the authority of Earl Marshal upon 24 John Lord Howard John Howard who was found Kinsman and one of the heirs of Anne Dutchess of York and Norfolk above-mention'd For his mother was one of the daughters of that first Tho. Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and K. Edw. 4. had advanc'd him to the dignity of a Baron This John was kill'd in the battel of Bosworth fighting valiantly for Richard against Hen. 7. His son Thomas who by creation from Rich. 3. was Earl of Surrey 25 And by King Hen. 7. made Lord Treasurer was by K. Hen. 8. restor'd to his father's title of Norfolk 26 And his son the same day created Earl of Surrey after he had routed the Scotch-army 27 At Branxton at Floddon wherein James 1. K. of Scots was slain In memory of which victory it was granted to the family of the Howards that in the middle of the White Bend in their Arms there should be added In an Escocheon Or An honorary Escocheon in the Arms of the Howards a demy Lion shot through the mouth with an arrow within a double tressure adorn'd with Lilies on both sides Gules which comes very near to the Arms of the Kings of Scotland He was succeeded by his son Thomas 28 As well in his Honours as in the Office of Lord Treasurer of England and liv'd in the time of Queen Mary whom our own Age saw toss'd about with the ebbs and flows of Fortune His grandchild Thomas by his son Henry which Henry was the first of our English Nobility that grac'd his high birth with the ornaments of Learning being attainted of High-Treason for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen of Scots and in the year 1572. beheaded See in the Adages of Hadr. Juu. Achilleum votum was the last D. of Norfolk From which time his posterity has as it were lay dead but now by the favour and bounty of K. James begins to revive and flourish again There are in this County about 660 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to NORFOLK THE County of Norfolk is so call'd from its Northern situation with respect to the rest of the East-Angles whereof it was a part Our Author recommends it for its being very populous having as he observes 27 markets and 625 villages But if we may trust the Book of Rates of Taxes to the King the esteem it hath upon that account may be rais'd much higher for there we find 32 markets and 711 villages whether Mr. Camden was mistaken in the number or this increase have been since his time I dare not say What he has observ'd of its being a Nursery of Lawyers as it is confirm'd by many instances so particularly by the great Sir Henry Spelman from whom Spede confesses he receiv'd his description of Norfolk After that he drew up an entire description of this his native County and upon his authority principally depends the greatest part of the following remarks a To begin with our Author Thetford Thetford is no doubt the ancient Sitomagus but whether that be corruptly written Simomagus and Sinomagus is not so certain as to bear a positive assertion It is worth the while to consider whether there is not something in these names which should imply its being the Capital city of the Iceni If we take Simomagus Ptolemy's Simeni for so he names the people of those parts does something favour it and Sinomagus comes nearer the name Iceni especially if we may suppose the I cast away as in Hispani Spani Besides Caesar's calling this people Cenimagni which Camden finding them distinctly read Ceni Agni is of opinion should be read Iceni Regni farther confirms this conjecture b As to the relation which Mr. Camden discovers between the initial of the old and present names Sit and Thet and from thence concludes that the modern name is compounded of the remains of the Roman and the Saxon ford there is no grounds for it For the old Saxon name was Ãeod-ford not as Mr. Camden writes it Ãeotford the similitude of t and d probably creating a mistake in some old Copies which plainly signifies a ford of the people This town was famous for being a seat of the Kings of the East-Angles but whether that fortification with a double trench was the work of the Saxons our Author leaves to the judgment of others That incomparable Antiquary Spelman thinks it was done by the Danes who made so considerable a figure in those parts because the camps of both Romans and Saxons are generally observ'd to be much larger An anonymous Author quoted by * Antiq. Cant. p. 148. Caius tells us there was formerly a Great-School or Nursery of Learning in this place It may possibly be the same which †Hist Eccl. l. 3. c. 18. Bede hints to when he informs us how Sigebert after he was return'd home and settl'd in his kingdom built a school for the education of youth in imitation of what he had observ'd of that nature in France Whether this passage belongs to Thetford or Cambridge for the latter lays claim to it to advance its Antiquity is a point too large to be discuss'd here Notwithstanding the eminency of the place which besides the seat of the East-Saxon Kings the Bishops-See and 8 Monasteries have entail'd upon it a thing perhaps that few cities can boast of yet in 9 Edw 1. it was neither city
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the †Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton â—â—â—ton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles 〈◊〉 Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
mark of infamy by wickedly conspiring with those wretched Incendiaries who design'd with one single charge of Gun-powder to have destroy'd both their Prince and Country d 2 More eastward upon the river Welland I saw nothing remarkable unless it be Berohdon now Barodon which Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick held with South-Luffenham and other hamlets by service to the King's Chamberlain in the Exchequer Fiâ— 14 Ed. 3. In the furthermost division beyond the river encompass'd with hills lyes the pleasant and fruitful valley now call'd The Vale of Catmose perhaps from Coet maes which in the British tongue signifies a woody field or ground In the midst of which vale stands Okeham Okeham that seems for the same reason to have taken it's name from Oaks Near the Church 3 Which is large and fair are still remaining the ruinous walls of an old castle built as is reported by a He was a younger son to William de Ferrers Earl of Derby and held Okeham by the service of one Knights fee and a half 12 Hen. 2. Wright pag. 95. Walkelin de Ferrariis in the beginning of the Normans And that it was the habitation of the Ferrars besides the authority of tradition is sufficiently evident from the Horse-shoes which that family gave for their Arms nail'd on the â—â—tes and in the hall Afterwards this town belong'd to the Lords of Tatteshall But when King Richard 2. advanced Edward son of the Duke of York to the title of Earl of Rutland he also gave him this Castle In the memory of the last age it came to Thomas Cromwell Barons Cromwell and as I have read b He was Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon but not of Okeham See the printed Stat. of 31 Hen. 8. concerning Gavelkind gave him the title of Baron Henry 8. advanc'd this person to the highest dignity but soon after when by his many projects he had expos'd himself to the storms of envy on a sudden he depriv'd him both of life and honours e Eastward from hence is Burley Burly most pleasantly situated overlooking the Vale. This is now the magnificent seat of the Harringtons who by marriage with the daughter and heir of Colepeper came to so large an inheritance in those parts that ever since they have been a flourishing family in like manner as the Colepepers were before them to whom by N. Green the great estate of the Bruses did in part descend Which Bruses being of the chief Nobility of England match'd into the Royal family of Scotland from whom by Robert the eldest brother the Royal Line of the Scots and by Bernard a younger brother the Cottons of Connington in the County of Huntingdon of whom I have already spoken and these Harringtons are descended Upon which account K. James dignify'd Sir John Harrington Barons Harringtâ—â— 4 Branch'd from the stem of the ancient Lords Harington a most famous and worthy Knight with the title of Baron Harrington of Exton 5 A town adjacent where be hath also another fair house f On the east-side of this County near the river Guash lye Brigcasterton of which more hereafter and Rihall where when superstition had so bewitched our Ancestors that it had almost remov'd the true God by the multiplicity of Gods one Tibba a Saint of the lesser rank was worship'd by Falconers The Falcoâ—ers Saint as a second Diana and reputed a kind of Patroness of Falconry g Next adjoyning is Essenden whose Lord Robert Cecil the excellent son of an excellent father who was the support of our kingdom was lately created by King James Baron Cecil of Essenden Baron Câ—â—â— of Essendâ—n This little County Edward the Confessor devised by his last Will to his wife Eadith conditionally that after her death it should go to St. Peter's at Westminster These are the words of the Testament I will that after the decease of Queen Eadgith my wife Roteland with all things thereunto belonging be given to my Monastery of the most blessed Peter and that it be surrender'd without delay to the Abbot and Monks there serving God for ever But this Testament of his was vacated by William the Norman who keeping a great part of this estate to himself divided the rest to Judith the Countess whose daughter marry'd David K. of Scots to Robert Mallet Oger Gislebert of Gaunt Earl Hugh Alberic the Clerk and others But to Westminster he left indeed at first the tithes but afterwards only the Church of Okeham with the Appendices or Chapelries thereunto belonging Oppida Mercatoria per Ichnographiam Villae Parochiales per Pagi minores per Sedes vel loca devastata Olim Villae per Denotantur COMITATUS ROTELANDIAE Tabula Nova Aucta This little County is adorn'd with 48 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to RVTLANDSHIRE a WHat the original of this County's name was we are in a great measure in the dark for as Mr. Camden's Roet and Rud will not do because we are assur'd there is nothing in the County to justifie such a conjecture so Mr. Wright's Rotelandia quasi Rotunda-landia will hardly pass till we can give some probable account how it came by a Latin name more than other parts of England The Conquest could not bring it in because we find it call'd so in the time of Edward the Confessor and beside so much of it as belong'd to Nottinghamshire to which the name Roteland was given before the rest came to be part of it is far from making a circular figure how round soever it may be when all together b When the County of Rutland came to be distinct or upon what occasion is altogether unknown Mr. Camden says that Authors 300 years old make no mention of it as of a separate Shire but that it was distinct before is certain for in the 5th of King John Isabel his new Queen had at her Coronation assigned her in Parliament for her dowry among other lands * Wright â—g 3. Com. Roteland villam de Rokingham in Com. Northampt. c. And in 12 Johan the Custos did account for the profits of this County in the Exchequer Which Custos can relate to nothing but the Sheriff of the County who was and still is as it were a Guard and his office is imply'd in his name Scyre-gerefa from which Sheriff is contracted signifying no more than a Keeper of the County â—iâ—g 〈◊〉 c In the south part of this County lies Uppingham the site whereof will hardly bear Mr. Camden's derivation from an ascent †Wright â— 130. the ground upon which it stands being something above a level but hardly amounting to a hill Johnson who is said to have built the school was call'd Robert and beside that built two Hospitals one at Okeham and another here at Uppingham Near this place is Lydington where about the year 1602. Thomas Lord Burgley settl'd an Hospital or Alms-house for a Warden 12 poor men and 2 poor women
de Scremby At last the King gave it to 6 Sir Henry Henry de Bellomonte for nothing is more clear than that he enjoy'd it in Edward the second 's reign 〈◊〉 4. E. 2. â—ckingâ—m Near this is Skrekingham remarkable for the death of Alfric the second Earl of Leicester kill'd by Hubba the Dane Which place 't is very probable Ingulphus speaks of when he writes In Kesteven three Danish petty Kings were slain and they interr'd them in a certain village heretofore call'd Laundon but now Tre-king-ham by reason of the burial of the three Kings More to the east is Hather famous for nothing but the name of the Busseys or Busleys â—â—fy who live here and derive themselves from Roger de Busley cotemporary with the Conquerour â—â—xd And then Sleford a castle of the Bishops of Lincoln erected by Alexander the Bishop where also 7 Sir John John Hussy 〈◊〉 â—â—ly the first and last Baron of that name 8 Created by King Henry 8. built himself a house but lost his head for rashly engaging in the common insurrection in the year 1537 when the feuds and difference about Religion first broke out in England A few miles from hence stands Kime â—me from whence a noble family call'd de Kime had their name but the Umfranvils three of whom were summon'd to sit in the house of Lords by the name of Earls of Angus in Scotland â—s of â—gus became at last possessors of it The sages of the Common Law would not allow the first of these forasmuch as Angus was not within the bounds of the Kingdom of England to be an Earl before he produc'd in open Court the King 's Writ by which he was summon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus From the Umfravils this came to the Talbois one of which family nam'd Gilbert was by Henry the eighth created Baron of Talbois whose two sons died without issue so that the inheritance went by females to the family of the Dimocks Inglebies and others More to the west stands Temple Bruer â—mple â—er that is as I take it Temple in the Heath it seems to have been a Preceptory of the Templars for there are to be seen the ruinous walls of a demolish'd Church not unlike those of the New Temple in London Near it is Blankeney â—ons â—ncourt once the Barony of the Deincourts who flourish'd in a continu'd succession from the coming in of the Normans to the times of Henry 6. for then their heir male fail'd in one William whose two sisters and heirs were married the one to 9 Sir William William Lovel the other to Ralph Cromwell I have the more readily taken notice of this family because I would willingly answer the request of Edmund Baron Deincourt who was long since so very desirous to preserve the memory of his name having no issue male he petition'd K. Ed. 2. for liberty To make over his Manours and Arms to whomsoever he pleas'd â— 21 H. 6. â— 10 â—w 2. for he imagin'd that both his name and Arms would go to the grave with him and was very sollicitous they should survive and be remembred Accordingly the King complied and he had Letters Patents for that end Yet this sirname so far as my knowledge goes is now quite extinct and would have been drown'd in oblivion if books and learning had not sav'd it In the west part of Kesteven where this County borders on Leicestershire on a very steep and as it seems â—voir or â—erâ—le artificial hill stands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Castle so call'd whatever the name was formerly from its pleasant prospect which with the little Monastery adjoyning was built as 't is given out by Todeneius a Norman from whom by the Albenies Britans and by the Roos's Barons it came to be the inheritance of the Manours Earls of Rutland by the first of whom nam'd Thomas it was as I have heard rebuilt after it had laid in ruins many years For William Lord Hastings in spight to Thomas Lord Roos who sided with Henry 6. almost demolish'd it and upon the attainder of Baron Roos had it granted him by Edward 4. with very large possessions But Edmund Baron Roos the son of Thomas by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his ancestors inheritance o About this castle are found the stones call'd Astroites Astroites which resemble little stars link'd one with another having five rays in every corner and in the middle of every ray a hollow This stone among the Germans had its name from Victory for they think as Georgius Agricola writes in his sixth book of Minerals That whosoever carries this stone about him shall be successful against his enemies But I have not yet had an opportunity to make the experiment whether this stone of ours when put in vinegar will move out of its place and whirl round like that in Germany The Vale beneath this castle commonly call'd from it The Vale of Belver The Vale of Belver is pretty large and exceeding pleasant by reason of the corn-fields and pastures there It lies part in Nottinghamshire part in Leicestershire and part in Lincolnshire If not in this very place yet for certain very near it †See the Additions to Rutlandshire under the title Market-Overton where 't is more conveniently plac'd stood formerly that Margidunum Margidunum which Antoninus makes mention of next to Vernometum and this may sufficiently be prov'd both by its name and distance from Vernometum and the Town Ad Pontem otherwise Paunton for Antoninus places it between them It seems to have taken this ancient name from Marga and the situation of it For Marga among the Britains is a sort of earth with which they manure their grounds and Dunum which signifies a hill is applicable only to high places But I do for all that very much question this etymology seeing there is very little Marle in this place the not searching for it being perhaps the reason except the Britains by the name of Marga understand ‖ Gypsum Plaister-stone which is as I am inform'd dug up not far from hence and was as Pliny declares in his natural history in great request among the Romans who used it in their Plaisterings and * Sigillis Cielings Thro' this part of the Shire runs Witham Riv. Witham a little river but very full of Pikes and the northern parts are bounded by it It s spring head is at a little town of the same name Bitham not far from the ruins of Bitham-Castle which as we find in an old pedigree was by William the first given to Stephen Earl of Albemarle and Holderness to enable him to feed his son as yet a little infant with fine white bread for at that time nought was eaten in Holderness but oat-bread altho' 't is now very little used there This castle nevertheless in the reign of Edward 3. was when
William Earl of Warren the manour burrough and castle of Stamford were granted to John Earl Warren by Edw. 1. and by his death reverted to the Crown After five or six regrants from the Crown to several of the greatest Nobility and as many returns to it either by forfeiture or for want of heirs-male Queen Elizabeth granted them to William Cecil first Lord Burgley from him they descended to Anne daughter and coheir of William Earl of Exeter who was marry'd to Henry Grey first Earl of Stamford advanc'd to that dignity by King Charles the first in the third year of his reign He was father of Thomas Lord Grey of Grooby who dy'd in his father's life time having marry'd Dorothy daughter and coheir of Edward Bourchier Earl of Bath by which match the right honourable Thomas present Earl of Stamford is descended from Thomas of Woodstock Duke of Glocester the Bohuns Earls of Essex Hereford and Northampton and several other noble Families l Between Stamford and Lincoln in the Kesteven division there are many Spaws Spaws or mineral chalybiate Springs as at Bourne Walcot by Folkingham Pickworth Newton Aunsby Aserby and 't is said in the grounds east of Dunsby-hall three miles north ot Sleeford but those chiefly celebrated and us'd are Bourne and Walcot m Going along with the river Wealland we are led to Deping Deping which manour came to the Crown by the black Prince's marrying Joan the fair Maid of Kent who was daughter to Edmund of Woodstock Earl of Kent and of Margaret sister and heiress to Thomas Wake the last of that line It is very remarkable that she had been twice marry'd before and twice divorc'd n South from hence lyes Bourne Bourne which by the same marriage came to the Crown along with Deping Mr. Camden makes it famous for the inauguration of King Edmund and the Castle of the Wakes For the first * Lelaâ—d Itiner M. p. 18. Leland tells us he remembers he has read some where that S. Edmund King of the East-Angles was crown'd at Bourne but does not know whether 't was this Bourne That it was not but is to be removed into Suffolk to Buers is evidently prov'd in the Additions to that County For the castle he says there appear great ditches and the Dungeon-hill of it against the west end of the Priory somewhat distant from it as on the other side of the street backward that it belong'd to the Lord Wake and that much service of the Wake-fee is done to it and every Feodary knows his station and place of service The medicinal Spring arising here in a farm-yard is as strong as that at Astrop in Northamptonshire and is pretty much drank in summer time That also seven miles farther northward 〈◊〉 near the edge of the fenns at Walcot near Folkingham is much frequented by the Gentry of late years and is something stronger than the other purging both by urine and stool 〈…〉 o Let us now pass to the western part of Kesteven Division where Belvoir-castle first offers it self to our view And as three Counties Leicester Nottingham and Lincoln share of the Vale so is it not easie to determine whether the Priory there belongs to the first or last of the three For the castle there is no dispute but it belongs to Lincoln only there is some difference about the founder of it Mr. Camden is for Todeney a Norman but Mr. Burton is willing to have it rais'd by one of the house of Albeney whose first name indeed he does not deny might be Totney or Todeney He grounds his opinion upon some ancient Records about the time of King Henry the first or elder proving the Albenies then to be resident here who were true Natives of this land and no Normans or Strangers because of the addition to their names with which he declares he has seen them written Willielmus de Albiniaco Brito As to the Priory Mr. Camden seems to make it go along with the Castle but Mr. Burton brings it over into Leicestershire perhaps more out of a desire to enlarge his own province than any just reason unless there be a fuller intimation of it in the Roll of the fifth of Henry the third upon which he builds than any thing he has quoted out of it 〈◊〉 p Ancaster presents it self next to the Antiquity whereof abundantly shown by Mr. Camden I have nothing to add Leland Itinerar p. 20 sets down how an old man of Ancaster told him 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 that by Uresby or Roseby a plough-man took up a stone and found another stone under it wherein was a square-hole having Roman-coin in it 〈◊〉 Near to this place is Herlaxton where the same author mentions the helmet of gold set with stones which was presented to Catharine Princess dowager and further adds to what Mr. Camden has said of it that there were also bedes of silver in that pot and writings corrupted q From hence we must remove a little and follow the river Witham as our best direction to Lincoln the Metropolis of this County Not far from the head of it â—â—â—y 〈◊〉 on the west-side lyes Boothby-pannel upon which the great Dr. Sanderson who was for some years Rector there entail'd a lasting name and honour as he did afterwards upon the Regius-Professor's Chair at Oxford and the See of Lincoln The reason of the name we learn from Lel. MS. 〈◊〉 Leland who tells us there was one Boutheby of very ancient time the Heir-general of whom was married to Paynelle r Out of Kesteven we are carry'd into the third part of the division Lindsey where upon the banks of the river Trent â—â—â—ey we meet with Torksey in which town the ancient Charter is still preserv'd and it enjoys thereby the privilege of a toll from strangers who bring cattel or goods that way as also of a Fair on Monday in Whitsun-week much resorted to by young folks and other country-people in those parts Sheringham seems to me to strain too hard when he endeavours to make the name of this place favour his conjecture grounded upon Mela that the Turks were the same nation with the Tyrsagetae and rest of the Goths fâ—om whom our Ancestors were descended Unless it were countenanc'd by some peculiar passage in history there is nothing but the bare similitude of names and that too can contribute nothing if Mr. Somner's opinion may be taken in the case who derives it from troge a cockboat and ige an Island s Two miles west from Lincoln is Skellingthorp Skellingthorpe the Lordship whereof worth about 520 l. per annum was bequeath'd to Christ's Hospital in London by the Lord of it Henry Stone who dy'd June 26. 1693. This Gentleman gave also along with it his whole personal estate worth four thousand pound to the same pious use t From hence the Foss-dike leads us South-east to Lincoln Lincoln call'd as Mr. Camden observes by the
before the See was remov'd to Lincoln It was rebuilt by Remigius the first Bishop of Lincoln and in Stow-park a little mile from the Church there was an Abby re-edified by the same Bishop but the Monks were soon remov'd from it by Robert Bloett the second Bishop of Lincoln to the Abbey of Eynsham near Oxford It was afterwards made a Bishop's seat but there is little of the ancient ruins now to be seen In the parish of Stow is a village call'd Stretton from the old causey running that way as if one should say the Street-town and in a field belonging to that place are a great many Ophites or stones roll'd up like serpents ee From hence we come to Gainesburrow Gainesborrow wherein as * Itin. p. 24. Leland says upon the south part of the town is an old chapel of stone in which 't is reported by the inhabitants that many Danes were bury'd that there is also the remains of another chapel of wood on the side of Trent now quite demolish'd At present the right honourable Baptist Noel has his title of Earl from this place A little above Gainesburrow through the end of a Country town call'd Marton Marton Mr. Foxcroft has observ'd that a Roman way goes into this County It comes from Danum i.e. Doncaster to Agelocum now Littleburrow from whence it goes to Lindum Lincoln 'T is a great road for pack-horses which travel from the west of Yorkshire to Lincoln Lyn and Norwich The ferry upon the river Trent is one side in Nottinghamshire and the other in Lincolnshire A quarter of a mile from Marton abovemention'd there are yet remaining two or three considerable pieces of Roman pavement or Causeway which may be easily observ'd by travellers of ordinary curiosity ff In this part of the County it is that Mr. Camden has in general settl'd the ancient Sidnacester but without determining it to any particular place If one should take the liberty of a conjecture and settle it at Stow there would not want several probabilities to warrant it That the See now at Lincoln was once at Dorchester near Oxford is agreed upon by all that likewise Eadhed was made Bishop of Sidnacester in the year 678. and that he was succeeded by several other Bishops under the same title is as plain But after Eadulf's death when it had been vacant about 80 years it was by Leofwin united to Dorchester as that of Leicester had been before it The sixth from Leofwin was Eadnoth who as the intermediate Bishops had done enjoy'd the title of Dorchester and under that of Sidnacester and Leicester This was that Eadnoth who built the Church of our Lady in Stow and died An. 1050. Now where can we imagine a Bishop of Sidnacester should so probably build a Church as at Sidnacester And whence would he sooner take his pattern or platform than from his own Cathedral of Dorchester But it appears by the enquiries of an ingenious Gentleman in those parts that there is a very near resemblance between the two Churches of Dorchester and Stow. And if they have been since rebuilt we may probably conclude that the same form notwithstanding was still kept The See of Legecester or Leicester is concluded to have been where St. Margaret's now stands and as that is a Peculiar a Prebend and I think an Archdeaconry so is Stow too Besides the present Privileges of this place are greater than any hereabouts except Lincoln and they have formerly exceeded even that For that it was famous before Lincoln was a Bishop's See is beyond dispute and 't is a common notion in those parts both of learned and unlearned that Stow was anciently the mother-Church to Lincoln The steeple of the Church tho' large has been much greater than it is and Alfrick Puttock Archbishop of York An. 1023. when he gave two great Bells to Beverley-steeple which he had built and two others of the same mold to Southwell bestow'd two upon this Stow. Here is likewise a place call'd yet by the name of Gallow-dale suppos'd to have been the place of execution for malefactors which among other marks of antiquity tho' it have no relation to the affairs of the Church is yet a testimony to the eminence of the place But there is one thing still lies in our way for in the * Anglâ—â— Sacra Pâ— 2. p. 411 Lives of the Bishops of Lincoln written by Giraldus we meet with these words Remigius sedem suam Cathedralem à loco nimis incongruo obscuro ad urbem praeclaram locum competentem sc Lincolniam transferre curavit nec non hoc quoque quod Lyndeseiam totam ab Humbro marino ad Withemam fluvium qui Lincolniam permeat penetrat per tanta terrarum spatia contra adversarium tantum tamque potentem Metropolitanum sc Eboracensem innata quadam prudentiâ praeditus gratia quoque desuper divinitus adjutus tam provinciae Cantuariensi quam Dioecesi Lincolniensi stabiliter aeque potenter adjecit Now if all Lindsey belong'd to the Archbishop of York till Remigius's time who liv'd since the Conquest the old Sidnacester united afterwards to Dorchester perhaps can hardly be plac'd reasonably within the compass of that Division NOTTINGHAM SHIRE by Robt. Morden Continuation of the EARLS After Henry Fiennes son of Edward Lord High Admiral of England the title of Earl of Lincoln was successively enjoy'd by Thomas and Theophilus of the same name The latter of these was succeeded by Edward Lord Clinton his grandchild by his eldest son Edward At present the right honourable Henry Clinton is in possession of this title More rare Plants growing wild in Lincolnshire Atriplex maritima Halimus dicta humilis erecta semine folliculis membranaceis bivalvibus in latitudinem expansis utrinque recurvis longo pediculo insidentibus clauso Near Sairbeck a village about a mile distant from Boston plentifully Dr. Plukenet Alsine Polygonoides tenuifolia flosculis ad longitudinem caulis velut in spicam dispositis Polygonum angustissimo gramineo folio erectum Bot. Monsp Chickweed-Knottgrass with very narrow leaves and flowers set along the stalks as it were in spikes Carum vulgare Park Caraways In the marshes and fenny grounds plentifully Cannabis spuria flore amplo labio purpureo Fair-flower'd Nettle-Hemp About Spalding plentifully Cochlearia major rotundifolia Garden Scurvy-grass In the marshes in Holland and in many other places near the sea-side Oenanthe Staphylini folio aliquatenus accedens J. B. In the marsh ditches and slow streams of water in the parish of Quaplod near Spalding Lapathum folio acuto flore aureo C. B. Golden Dock About Crowland and in other places of the Fens Pneumonanthe Ger. Gentianella Autumnalis Pneumonanthe dicta Park Gentiana palustris angustifolia C. B. Gentianae species Calathina quibusdam radice perpetua seu palustris J. B. Marsh Gentian or Calathian Violet In a Park at Tattershall and on the heathy grounds thereabout also on a
Throw in a cloth you 'll see it straight ascend For all 's bore upward by the conqu'ring wind But all that 's remarkable in this high and rough little country a certain person has endeavour'd to comprise in these f Hobbs has comprehended the seven wonders in one verse Aedes mons barathrum binus fons antraque binà four verses Mira alto Pecco tria sunt barathrum specus antrum Commoda tot plumbum gramen ovile pecus Tot speciosa simul sunt Castrum Balnea Chatsworth Plura sed occurrunt quae speciosa minus Nine things that please us at the Peak we see A Cave a Den and Hole the wonders be Lead Sheep and Pasture are the useful three Chatworth the Castle and the Bath delight Much more you 'll find but nothing worth your sight 7 To these wonders may be added a wonderful Well in the Peake-forest not far from Buxtons which ordinarily ebbeth and floweth four times in the space of one hour or thereabouts keeping his just tides and I know not whether Tideswell a market town hereby hath his name thereof Hol. As to what he says of the justness of the tides there is no such thing for sometimes it does not flow once in two days and sometimes it flows twice in an hour Those of the Peverels who as I have said before were Lords of Nottingham Lords aâ—â— Earls of Derby are also reported to have been Lords of Derby Afterwards King Rich. 1. gave and confirm'd to his brother John Simeon Dunchâ—â—â—sis Horeden Mat. Par. 204. the County and Castle of Nottingham Lancaster Derby c. with the Honours belonging to them and the Honour also of Peverel After him those of the family of the Ferrars as for as I can gather from the Registers of Tutbury Merivall and Burton Monasteries were Earls William de Ferrariis born of the daughter and heir of Peverel whom King John as it is in an ancient Charter An ancieâ—â— Charter 1 Joan. ‖ Cinrit c. created Earl of Derby with his own hands William his son 8 Who being bruis'd with a fall out of his coach dy'd in the year 1254. and Robert the son of this William who in the Civil wars was so stripp'd of this dignity that none of his posterity tho' they liv'd in great state were ever restor'd to their full honours Many possessions of this Robert were given by King Henry 3. to his younger son Edmund and King Edward 3. so says the original record by Act of Parliament gave Henry of Lancaster the son of Henry Earl of Lancaster the Earldom of Derby to him and his heirs and likewise assign'd him 1000 marks yearly during the life of Henry Earl of Lancaster his father From that time this title continued in the family of Lancaster till King Henry 7. bestow'd it upon Thomas Stanley who had not long before marry'd Margaret the King's mother 9 To him and his heirs males He had for his successor his grandson Thomas begotten by George his son on the body of Joan the heiress of the Lord Strange of Knocking This same Thomas had by the sister of George Earl of Huntingdon Edward the third Earl of this family highly commended for his courteousness and hospitality who of the Lady Dorothy daughter to the first Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk begat Henry the fourth Earl who soon obtain'd very honourable employments and left by the Lady Margaret daughter of Henry Earl of Cumberland Ferdinand and William successively Earls of Derby Ferdinand dy'd after a strange manner in the flower of his youth leaving by Margaret her right name is Alice his wife daughter of Sir John Spenser of Althorp three daughters viz. Anne marry'd to Grey Bruges Lord Chandos Frances espous'd to Sir John Egerton and Elizabeth the wife of Henry Earl of Huntingdon William the sixth Earl now enjoyeth the honour and hath issue by Elizabeth daughter to Edward late Earl of Oxford and now William g See an account of this family in Lancashire under the title Ormeskirke the sixth Earl of Derby of this family a man of great worth and honour enjoys that dignity Thus far of the Counties of Nottingâ—â—â— and Derby partly inhabited by those who in Bede 's time were call'd Mercii Aquilonares The Noâ—thern â—â—cians because they dwelt beyond the Trent northward and possest as he says the land of seven thousand families This County includes 106 Parishes ADDITIONS to DERBYSHIRE a IN the more southerly part of this County upon the river Trent is Repton Repton where Matilda wife to Ralph Earl of Chester founded a Priory of Canons Regular of the Order of St. Austin in the year 1172. And since the dissolution Sir John Port of Etwall in this County by his last Will order'd a Free-school to be erected appointing certain lands in the Counties of Derby and Lancaster for the maintenance of this and an Hospital at Etwall both which are still in a prosperous condition b The Trent running forward receives the river Derwent and upon it stands Derby Derby which had not this name by an abbreviation of Derwent and the addition of by as our Author imagines but plainly from being a shelter for deer which is imply'd in the true name of it Deoraby And what farther confirms it is that 't was formerly a park and in the arms of the town to this day is a buck couchant in a park Which joyn'd to the Lodge-lane still the name of a passage into the Nuns-green as they put the original of it out of all doubt so do they evidently shew the ancient condition of the place When the town was built does not appear but its privileges and ancient charters argue it to be of good antiquity It is exempted from paying toll in London or any other place except Winchester and some few other towns and is a staple-town for wool a very ancient manufacture of this Kingdom There was formerly in it a Chapel dedicated to St. James near which in digging some cellars and foundations of houses bones of a great size have been found And on the north-side of St. James's lane within the compass of ground where the Chapel stood a large stone was made bare which being gently remov'd there appear'd a stone-coffin with a very prodigious corps in it but this upon the first motion of the stone turn'd into dust The Coffin was so cut as to have a round place made for the head wide about the shoulders and so narrower down to the feet On the south-east corner of the town stood formerly a castle tho' there have been no remains of it within the memory of man But that there was one appears from the name of the hill call'd Cow-castle-hill and the street that leads west to St. Peter's Church in ancient Deeds bearing the name of Castle-gate In Allhallows Church there is a monument for one Richard Crashaw of London Esquire who dy'd the 20th of June An.
wares and trade Howbeit exceeding much frequented for the Corn-fair there holden This hath for a near neighbour Arrow according to the name of the river whose Lord Thomas Burdet for his dependance upon George Duke of Clarence words unadvisedly uttered and hardly construed thro' the iniquity of the time lost his life But by his grand-daughter married to Edward Conway brother to Sir Hugh Conway of Wales a gracious favourite of K. Hen. 7. the Knightly family of the Conways have ever since flourished and laudably follow'd the profession of Arms. But from a very great town 't is reduc'd to a small market tho' very noted for all sorts of grain o Higher north-east where the Country is not so thick cloathed with woods stands Wroxhall Wroâ—hâ—ll where Hugo de Hatton built a little Monastery or Priory And Badesley Baddesâ—ey formerly the possession of the Clintons now of the Ferrars And Balshall Baâ—shaâ—l heretofore a Preceptory of the Templars which Roger de Mowbray gave them Register of the Teâ—plars and of the Order of St. John of Jâ—rusâ—â—em whose munificence to the Order of the Knights-Templars was so extraordinary that by unanimous consent of their Chapter they decreed that he should have the power of pardoning any Brother who had transgress'd the Rules of the Order provided he came and acknowledg'd his crime before this their Benefactor And the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem to whom all the t By the custom of this place the Tenants could not marry their daughters without the consent of the fraternity of Templars or Hospitalers as appears by an account taken 31 Hen. 2. possessions of the Templars in England were assign'd for to give to profane uses things once consecrated to God our Ancestors thought a crime not to be aton'd for in testimony of their gratitude granted to John Mowbray de Axholm See the Stat. aâ— Tempâ—ariâ— successor of the said Roger that he and his successors at every of the Assemblies of their Order should be received in the next degree of honour to Soveraign Princes More to the north-east in the midst of a Chase and Park a confluence of little streams form a Lake which being presently confin'd within Banks make a Chanel or Kennel Upon this stands Kenelworth Kenelworth commâ—â— Kilâ—ingworth heretofore vulgarly call'd Kenelworda and corruptly Killingworth From this town a most noble beautiful and strong Castle encompass'd with a Chase and Parks takes its name It was built neither by Kenulphus nor Kenelmus nor Kineglisus as some Historians have dreamt but by Geoffrey de Clinton Lord Chamberlain to King Henry 1. and his son as may be seen in authentick evidences after he had founded there a Monastery for Canons Regular But Henry his * Prâ—nâ—â— great grandchild wanting issue sold it to King Hen. 3. who granted it to Simon de Montefort Earl of Leicester with Eleanor his sister for her portion But presently after this bond of amity and friendship being broken and Earl Simon after dismal commotions being slain in the Barons Wars 8 Which he had rais'd upon fair pretext against his Sovereign the Castle endured a siege of six months and at last was surrender'd to King Hen. 3. 9 Who annex'd this Castle as an inheritance to Edmund his son Earl of Lancaster who made it part of the inheritance of the Lancastrian family At which time was made and publish'd the Edict which our Lawyers stile Dictum de Kenelworth whereby it was enacted that all who had taken up Arms against the King should pay five years value of all their lands c. A very wholsome piece of severity without effusion of blood to check those seditious spirits so pernicious to the Government whose only hopes were placed in the distractions of the State at that time But now of late by the royal munificence of Queen Elizabeth it became the seat of Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester who in rebuilding and adorning it spar'd no cost So that if you regard the magnificence of buildings and nobleness of the Chase and Parks lying round and belonging to it it may claim a second place among the stateliest Castles of England p From hence that I may pursue the same course I did in my journey I saw Solyhill in which was nothing worth seeing beside the Church Next Bremicham â—â—â—micham swarming with inhabitants and echoing with the noise of Anvils for here are great numbers of Smiths The lower part is very watery The upper rises with abundance of handsome buildings and 't is none of the least honours of the place that from hence the noble and warlike family of the Bremichams 10 Earls of Louth c. in Ireland had both their original and name From thence in the extreme point of this County northward lies Sutton Colefield in a foresty unkind and barren soil boasting of it's native John Voisy Bishop of Exeter who in the reign of Henry 3. raised up this little town then ruinous and decayed and adorn'd it with fair buildings great privileges and a Grammar-school q From hence going southward I came to Colesâ—ud belonging heretofore to the Clintons r and neighbour to this is Maxtock-Castle which in a continu'd succession had for it's Lords the Lindseys who were Lords of Wolverly the Odingsells having their original from Flanders and the Clintons who have been very eminent in this County Lower in the middle of this woody country is seated Coventry so called as I conjecture from a Convent for such a Convent in our Tongue we call a Covent or Covenn and frequently in our Histories and in the Pontifical Decrees this is call'd Conventria as particularly in that u This must relate to Alexander de Savensby who was consecrated 1224. and liv'd in the time of Pope Honorius 3. He was a very learned man but pretended to visions and apparitions scarce credible says Bishop Godwin Either the Bishop of Conventry is not in his right wits or he seems wilfully to have quitted common sense Yet some there are who will have the name taken from a rivulet running through it at this day called Shirburn and in an old Charter of the Priory â—conâ— 3. p. 14. â—â—cret Cuentford Whencesoever the name be taken this City some ages since being enrich'd with the Manufacture uu Now both these trades are much decay'd of Cloathing and Caps was the only Mart-town of this Country and of greater resort than could be expected from its Mid-land situation 'T is commodiously seated large and neat fortify'd with very strong walls and adorn'd with beautiful buildings amongst which two Churches of excellent Architecture stand near together as it were rivalling each other the one dedicated to the Holy Trinity the other to St. Michael There is nothing in it of very great antiquity That which seems to be the greatest monument is the Religious-house or Priory whose ruins I saw near these two Churches This King
Canutus founded for Nuns who being expell'd within a little time in the year 1040. Leofrick Earl of Mercia enlarg'd it and in a manner built it a-new with so great a show of gold and silver to use Malmesbury's words that the walls of the Church seem'd too strait to contain the treasures of it It was very prodigious to behold for from one beam were scrap'd w Five hundred marks Malmesb. See Dugdale's Warwickshire 50 marks of silver And he endow'd it with so great revenues that Robert de Limsey Bishop of Lichfield and Chester remov'd his See hither as to the golden sands of Lydia that as the same Malmesbury hath it he might steal from the treasures of the Church wherewithall to fill the King's Coffers to cheat the Pope of his provisions and gratifie the Roman avarice However this See after a few years return'd back to Lichfield but upon these terms that one and the same Bishop should be stil'd Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield The first Lord of this City that I know of 〈◊〉 of â—â—â—try was Leofrick who being incens'd against the Citizens laid upon them very heavy taxes these he would by no means remit notwithstanding the great intercession of his Lady Godiva unless she would consent to â—ide naked thro' the most frequented parts of the city â—â—50 which if credit may be given to tradition she perform'd â—egus having cover'd her body with her long dangling hair without being seen by any one and so freed her Citizens from many heavy impositions From Leofrick this City by Lucia his son Algar's daughter came into the possession of the Earls of Chester for she had marry'd Ranulph the first Earl of that name and the third of the family who granted the same Liberties to Coventry that Lincoln enjoy'd and gave a great part of the City to the Monks the residue of it and Chilmore their manour-house near the City he reserv'd to him and his heirs who dying and the inheritance for want of issue-male coming to be divided amongst the sisters Coventry by the death of the Earls of Arundel fell to Roger de Monte alto De monte Alto. or Monthault whose grandson Robert granted all his right for want of issue-male to Queen Isabel Mother of King Edw. 3. to hold during her life after her decease the remainder to John de Eltham brother of the King and to the heirs of his body begotten In default of such the remainder to Edward King of England and his heirs for ever For so you have it in a Fine the second year of Edward 3. But John of Eltham was afterwards created Earl of Cornwall and this place became annex'd to the Earldom of Cornwall from which time it hath flourish'd very much Several Kings gave it divers immunities and privileges especially Edward 3. who granted them the electing of a Mayor and two Bayliffs 11 And to build and embattle a wall about it and Henry 6. who having laid to it some of the neighbouring villages granted by his Charter For so are the very words of it That it should be an entire County incorporate by it self in deed and name distinct from the County of Warwick At which time in lieu of two Bayliffs he constituted two Sheriffs and the Citizens began to enclose it with very strong walls In these are very noble and beautiful gates at that which goes by the name of Gofford is to be seen a vast shield-bone of a Boar which you may believe that Guy of Warwick or Diana of the Groves which you please kill'd in hunting after he had with his shout turn'd up the pit or pond that is now called Swansewell-pool but in ancient Charters Swineswell As to the Longitude of this City it lies in 25 degrees and 52 scruples the Latitude in 52 degrees and 25 scruples Thus much of Coventry which yet that I may ingenuously acknowledge the person who furnish'd me with it you must know you have not from me but from Henry Ferrars of Badsley a person to be respected as for his birth so for his great knowledge in Antiquity and my very good friend who in this and other places courteously directed me and as it were gave me leave to light my candle at his s Near Coventry to the North are situated Ausley Ausley a castle heretofore of the Hastings Lords of Abergavenny and ww Brandon Brand Brand. of old a seat of the Verdons To the East is placed Caloughdon vulgarly call'd Caledon Caledon an ancient seat of the Barons Segrave Barons Segrave from whom it descended to the Barons de Berkley by one of the daughters of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk These Segraves from the time that Stephen de Segrave was Lord Chief Justice of England were Barons of this Realm and enjoy'd the inheritance of the Chaucumbs whose Arms from that time they assumed viz. Arms of the Segraves A Lion rampant Argent crowned Or in a shield Sable John the last of this family marry'd Margaret Dutchess of Norfolk daughter of Thomas de Brotherton and had issue Elizabeth who carry'd the honour of Marshal of England and title of Duke of Norfolk into the family of the Mowbrays Not far from hence is Brinkle Brinkle-castle where was an ancient castle of the Mowbrays to which belong'd many fair possessions lying round it but time hath swept away the very ruins of it t as also of the Monastery of Combe Combe-Abbey which the Camvils and the Mowbrays endow'd Out of whose ashes the fair structure of the Harringtons arose in this place As you go Eastward x Anciently writ Thester Over as being seated castward of Monks-kirby and call'd but lately Cester-over by the inhabitants Dugd. Warwicksh p. 60. Cester-over presents it self the possession of the Grevils of whom I have before made mention Near which Watling street a Military way of the Romans dividing this County to the North from Leicestershire passes by High-cross of which we have already spoken near Nonn-eaton which of old was call'd Eaton but Amicia the wise of Robert Bossu Earl of Leicester as Henry Knighton writes having founded a Monastery of Nuns here in which she her self was profess'd of that number from those Nuns it got the name of Non-Eaton And formerly it was of great fame for the piety of its holy virgins who being constant in their devotions gave a good example of holy living to all about them Near this stood heretofore Asteley-castle Asteley the chief seat of the family of the Asteleys 12 Out of which flourish'd Barons in the time of King Edward the first second and third Baron Asteâ—ey the heiress of which was the second wife of Reginald Grey Lord of Ruthin From him sprang the Greys Marquisses of Dorset some of whom lye interr'd 13 In a most fine and fair Collegiate Church which Thomas Lord Astley founded with a Dean and Secular Canons in the neat
Bredon hills Bredon hills tho' much lesser than those of Malvern rise with a sort of emulation Upon these appears Elmley Elmley-castle a Castle once belonging to Ursus or Urso d'Abtot by whose daughter and heir Emeline it descended to the Beauchamps At the foot of these hills stands Breodun touching whose Monastery Offa King of the Mercians saith I Offa King of the Mercians will give 35 acres of tributary land to the Monastery which is called Breodun in the Province of the Wiccians and to the Church of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles in that place which my grandfather Eanwulf built to the glory and praise of the everliving God Under Bredon hills to the south lies Washborn VVashborn a village or two which gives the sirname to an ancient and gentile family in these parts They lye in a spot of this County quite severed from the main body And divers other like parcels Parcel 〈◊〉 the Shiâ— severed from thâ— rest of tâ— body lie up and down dispersed the reason I know not unless it were this That the Governours of this County in elder times having estates of their own lying near annex'd them to the County which they govern'd q A little higher runs the river Avon in its way to Severn in this County it waters Eovesham â—â—â—ham which the Monkish writers tell us had its name from Eoves swineherd to Egwine Bishop of Worcester being formerly called Eath-home 〈…〉 â—â—â—esham â—â—â—tery 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 1157. and Heath-field a very neat town seated on a gentle ascent from the river Bengworth Castle anciently stood at the bridge-foot as it were in its suburbs which William d'Audeville Abbot recovering from William Beauchamp did utterly demolish and caused the ground to be consecrated for a Churchyard The town is famous for this Monastery which Egwine by the help of King Kenred son of Wolfer King of the Mercians built about the year 700 as also for the Vale of Evesham 〈◊〉 â—â—eâ—ham lying about it and taking its name from the town which for its fruitfulness is justly stiled the Graâ—ary of these parts so liberal is the soil in affording the best corn in great abundance In more ancient times this town was very famous for the overthrow of the Barons and of Simon Mountfort E. 〈…〉 of Leicester our English Cataline He being a person of a very bad temper and extremely perfidious taught us by experience the truth of that saying Favours are esteemed obligations no longer than they can be requited For when King Hen. 3. had with a liberal hand heaped all possible favours upon him and given him his own sister to wife he had no other returns from him than most implacable hatred For he raised a most dangerous war and miserably wasted a great part of England under pretence of redressing grievances and asserting its liberties leaving no method unpractis'd whereby he might depose the King and change the government from a Monarchy to an Oligarchy But after he had prospered a while in his enterprize he with many others of his party fell in this place being subdued in a pitch'd battel by the valour of Prince Edward And instantly as tho' the sink of mischiefs had been cleansed a welcome peace which he had banished every where appeared r â—265 Hard by upon the same river lyeth Charleton â—â—â—on once the estate of a famous Knightly family the Hansacres but now of the Dinlies or Dinglies who being descended of an ancient family of that name in Lancashire came to it by inheritance c The Dinglies continue to this day at Charleton A little lower in the primitive times of our English Church there was another Religious-house then Fleodanbyrig now Fladbury 〈…〉 and near this Pershore in Saxon Periscoran named from the Pear-trees which as that excellent Historian William of Malmesbury informs us Egelward Duke of Dorset a man of a generous spirit and wholly devoted to pious munificence built and finished in K. Edgar's time But alas what vast losses hath it since sustained part the ambition of great men hath seized part is forgotten and lost and a very considerable part of its possessions King Edward and William bestowed on Westminster 5 Then receiveth Avon a riveret from the north upon which stands Hodington a seat of the Winters of which were Robert Winter and his brother Thomas who whenas they were in the Gunpowder Treason c. Dr. Holland having led me to Hadington I cannot pass by Henlip a fair seat of the Abingtons remarkable for the taking of Garnet and Oldcorn two eminent Jesuits concerned in the Powder-Plot who after many days fruitless search were found in a cavity of a wall over a Chimney In the same house was written that obscure Letter to the Lord Mounteagle by Mrs. Abingdon his sister which gave some light into the horrid design The present owner Thomas Abingdon Esquire hath in his hands a large description of Worcestershire written by his grandfather an able and industrious Antiquary the publication whereof hath been impatiently expected from him above these 20 years Hence Avon runs smoothly down by Strensham d Strensham is still enjoyed by the same family a seat of the Russels an ancient family of the degree of Knights and so dischargeth it's waters into Severn Hereabouts in the south part of the Shire lies Oswalds-law-hundred â—â—â—ds 〈◊〉 hunâ—â—ed so called from Oswald Bishop of Worcester who obtained it of Edgar the immunities whereof are thus registred in the Survey of England which William the Conquerour made The Church of St. Mary in Wircester hath a Hundred called Oswalds-low in which lye 300 Hide-land where the Bishop of this Church hath by very long prescription all the Services and customary duties pertaining to the Lords Pourveyance the King's service and his own so that no Sheriff may hold a Court there in any plea or other cause whatsoever This is attested by the whole County s There is a place somewhere in this County but not certainly known called Augustines-ac i.e. Augustine's Oak at which Augustine the Apostle of the English and the British Bishops met and having for some time disputed about the keeping of Easter preaching Gods word to the English A. D. 60â— and administring the Sacrament of Baptism after the rites of the Church of Rome in conclusion both sides went away dissatisfied t This Province after the Norman Conquest had for its first Sheriff Urso d'Abtot Earls of VVorcester D. Abtot to whom and his heirs King William 1. gave large possessions together with that honour Roger his son succeeded him who as William of Malmesbury reports enjoyed his father's possessions and was divested of them falling under the heavy displeasure of King Henry 1. because in a furious passion he had commanded one of the King's Officers to be put to death But this dignity of Sheriff by Emeline Sister to this Roger descended to the family of the Beauchamps
river rises near Healy castle built by the Barons of Aldelegh or Audley Barons Audley to whom this place was given by Harvy de Stafford as likewise Aldelegh it self by Theobald de Verdon and from these spring the family of the Stanleys Earls of Derby 8 Strange it is to read what Lands King Henry 3. confirm'd to Henry Audeley which were bestow'd on him through the bounty of the Peers and even of private Gentlemen not only in England but also in Ireland where Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster gave him Lands together with the Constablish of Ulster so that without doubt he was either a person of singular virtue or a very great Favourite or an able Lawyer or perhaps was endu'd with all these qualifications His posterity were all â—â—d in marriage with the heirs of the Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of Baron Martin Lord of Keimeis and Barstaple as also a younger brother of this house with one of the heirs of the Earl of Glocester who was by King Edward 3. created Earl of Glocester About which time James Lord Aualey acquir'd a very great reputation on the account of his valour and skill in war-like affairs who as it is related by French Historians being dangerously wounded in the battel of Poitiers when the Black Prince with many high commendations had given to him a pension of 400 marks per annum bestow'd it immediately on his four Esquires that always valiantly attended him and satisfy'd the Prince doubting that his gift might be too little for so great service with this answer gratefully acknowledging his bounty These my Esquires sav'd my life amidst my enemies and God be think'd my Ancestors have left me sufficient Revenues to maintain me in your Service Whereupon the Prince approving this prudent Liberality both confirm'd his Donation to his Esquires and besides assign'd to him Lands to the value of 600 marks yearly But by his daughter one of the co-heirs to her brother the title of Lord Audley came afterward to the Touchets and in them continueth but the inheritance and name descended to the Touchetts in whose posterity and name that family is still remaining i I must not go on here without taking notice of that house call'd Gerards Bromley both upon the account of its magnificence and also because 't is the chief seat of Thomas Gerard whom King James in the first of his reign created Baron Gerard of Gerards Bromley The Sow keeps like a parallel line at equal distance from the Trent and runs by Chebsey which formerly belong'd to the Lords Hastings 9 Reckon'd among the principal Noble-men in the time of King Edward the first and then not far from Eccleshal the residence of the Bishop of Lichfield k and Ellenhall which formerly was the seat of the Noels Noel a famous family who founded a Monastery here at Raunton from them it descended hereditarily to the Harcourts who are of an ancient and noble Norman race and flourish'd for a long time in great dignity Of the male-line of these Noels is Andrew Noel of Dalby an eminent Knight and the Noels of Wellesborow in the County of Leicester and others remaining at this day l From hence the Sow runs by Stafford Stafford heretofore Statford and first of all Betheney where Bertelin with the reputation of great sanctity liv'd formerly an Hermite Edward the elder in the year 914. built a Tower upon the North-side of the river here When William the first took his Survey of England as it is said in Domesday-book the King had only eighteen Burgesses here belonging to him and twenty mansion houses of the Honour of the Earl it paid in gross for all customs nine pounds in deniers 10 And had 13 Canons-Prebendaries who held in Frank-Almoin In another place The King commanded a castle to be made there which was lately demolish'd But at that time as it is at this day Stafford was the chief Town of this County which owes its greatest glory to Stafford a castle adjoyning to it 11 Which the Barons of Stafford of whose Progeny were the Dukes of Buckingham built for their own seat who prevail'd with King John to erect it into a Burrough with ample liberties and priviledges caus'd to be partly enclos'd with a wall and founded a Priory of Black-Canons in honour of St. Thomas of Canterbury built by the Barons of Stafford for a seat m Below this the Sow is joyn'd by a little river call'd Penke which gives name to Pennocrucium an ancient town of which we have already made mention Near the confluence of the Sow and the Trent stands Ticks-hall where the family of the Astons dwell which for antiquity and kindred is one of the best families in these parts n With these waters the Trent glides gently through the middle of the County to the Eastward having Chartley Chartley. castle at two miles distance on the left of it which from Ranulph Earl of Chester who built it fell to the Ferrars by Agnes his sister who was married to William de Ferrars Earl of Derby from whom descended and flourish'd the Lords Ferrars of Chartley Lords Ferrars of Chartley. and Anne the daughter of the last of them brought this Honour with her as a portion to Walter D'eureux her husband from whom is Robert D'eureux Earl of Essex and Lord Ferrars of Chartley. On the right side of this river almost at the same distance stands Beaudesert Beaudesert most delicately seated among the woods formerly the house of the Bishops of Lichfield but afterwards of the Barons Pagets Barons Paget For William Paget who for his great prudence and knowledge of the world being eminent both at home and abroad was in great favour with Henry the eighth and King Edward the sixth having got a large estate was created Baron Paget of Beaudesert by Edward the sixth 12 He was as it may be collected from his Epitaph Secretary and Privy Counsellor to King Henry 8. and constituted by his Testament Counsellor and Adjutant to King Edward the sixth during his minority to whom he was Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Comptroller of the Houshold and by him created as I have already intimated Baron and Knight of the Garter as also by Queen Mary Lord Privy-Seal Whose grandson William is now the fourth Baron Pagett His grandson Thomas the fourth Baron flourishes now at this day who by his virtue and progress in the best kinds of learning is a grace and ornament to his whole family and in this respect but justly distinguisht by an honourable mention here From hence the Trent visits Lichfield Lâ—â—hfieâ—d scarce four miles distant from the right side of it Bede calls it Licidfeld which Rous of Warwick renders a field of carcasses and tells us that many Christians suffer'd martyrdom there under Dioclesian The city stands low is pretty large and neat and divided into two parts by a kind of lough or clear water
makes it reasonable enough to suppose that these two might be stations for the reception of the Armies in their march Upon the east side of the road between Streethey and Burton stands Eddingal Eddinghall where is a rais'd way pointing towards Lullington in Derbyshire which Dr. Plot is of opinion might probably be one of the Roman Viae vicinales or by-roads which they had beside their great high-ways for the convenience of going between town and town p More to the West is Blithfield Blithfield the seat of the Bagotts as Mr. Camden tells us It came into this family by the marriage of the daughter and heir of Blithfield in the reign of Edward the second Before which time they were seated at the neighbouring village of Bagotts-Bromley From this family were also descended the ancient Barons of Stafford afterwards Dukes of Buckingham Farther Northward and not far from Checkley by a small brook call'd Peak are the stately ruins of Croxden-Abbey Croxden-Abbey formerly a Monastery of Cistercian Monks founded by Theobald de Verdon a Norman Baron about the time of Henry the second Continuation of the LORDS After Edward Stafford last Duke of Buckingham of that name there were three of that family who enjoy'd the title of Lords Stafford Henry Edward and another Henry the daughter of the last being marry'd to William Howard son of Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey King Charles the first created this her husband Nov. 1640. Viscount and Lord Stafford More rare Plants growing wild in Staffordshire The mountainous part of this Country called the Moorelands produceth the same plants with the Peak Country of Derbyshire The more depressed and level parts with Warwickshire At a village called Worton in this County about two miles distant from Newport in Shropshire grow in plenty the Abies Ger. Park faemina sive 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 J. B. The female or Yew-leav'd Firr-tree which whether they were native of this place or anciently planted here is some question That they were natives Dr. Plot gathers not only from their disorderly natural situation and excessive height to which planted trees seldom arrive but chiefly from the stools or stumps of many trees which he suspects to have been Firrs found near them in their natural position in the bottoms of Mosses and Pools particularly of Shebben-pool some of the bodies whereof are daily dug up at Laynton and in the old Pewet-pool in the same parish where these now grow Sorbus Pyriformis D. Pitt The Pear-like Service I have already declared my opinion that this is no other than the common Service-tree Dr. Plot tells us that it grows in the Moorelands at many places Sambucus fructu albo Ger. Park fructu in umbella viridi C. B. acinis albis J. B. White-berried Elder In the hedges near the village of Combridge plentifully Dr. Plot hist nat Staff Tripolium minus vulgare The lesser Sea-star-wort Said to grow in the grounds of Mr. Chetwynd of Ingstree within two miles of Stafford in a place call'd the Marsh near the place where the brine of it self breaks out above ground frets away the grass and makes a plash of Salt-water Dr. Plot. hist nat Staff SHROPSHIRE SHROPSHIRE By Robert Morden Lower upon the river Temd we see Burford Burford which from Theodorick Say's posterity descended to Robert de Mortimer and from his heirs to 4 Sir Jeffrey Jeffrey de Cornubia or Cornwaile Cornwaile of the lineage of Richard Earl of Cornwall and King of the Alemans whose heirs even to our days have bore the honourable title of Barons but were not such Barons as might sit in Parliament Burford is held of the King Inq. 40 E. 3. to find five men towards the Army of Wales and by the service of a Barony as appears by the Inquisition But observe by the way those who held an entire Barony were formerly reputed Barons and some Sages of the Common Law will have Baron and Barony to have been Conjugates Baron and Barony conjugates like Earl and Earldom Duke and Dukedom King and Kingdom Temd here leaves Shropshire and by its Northern Banks arise some hills of no difficult ascent call'd Clee-hill Clee-hill famous for producing the best Barley and not without some veins of Iron c at the bottom of which in a little village call'd Cleybury Hugh de Mortimer built a castle which immediately King Henry the second so entirely demolish'd finding it a Nursery of Rebellion that scarce any remains of it are visible at this day and Kinlet a seat of the Blunts Blunt signifies yellow hair in the Norman tongue a name very famous in these parts denoting their golden locks This is a very ancient and honourable family and hath spread its branches far Then we see Brugmorfe Bridgemorfe commonly call'd Bridgnorth on the right hand bank of the Severn so call'd of Burgh and Morfe a Forest that adjoyns to it before call'd Burgh only a town enclos'd and fortified with walls a ditch a castle and the river Severn which with a very steep fall flows in amongst the rocks It stands secure upon a rock through which the ways that lead into the upper part of the town were cut 'T was first built by Edelfleda Domina Merciorum Lady of the Mercians and wall'd round by Robert de f His right name is Belesme for so the ancient Saxon Annals call him Belism Earl of Shrewsbury who relying upon the strength of the place revolted from Henry the first as likewise did Roger de Mortimer from Henry the second but both with ill success for they were forc'd to surrender and so were quieted At the siege of this castle as our Chronicles say King Henry the second had like to have lost his life by an arrow which being shot at him was intercepted by a truly gallant man and lover of his King 5 Sir Hubert Syncler Hubert de Saint-Clere who sav'd the King's life by being accessary to his own death At this place formerly 6 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford behav'd himself so gallantly that King Henry the first gave him the little 7 Burgh Brug near it to hold by the service of finding dry wood for the great chamber of the castle of 7 Burgh Brug against the coming of his Soveraign Lord the King d Willeley is not far off the ancient seat of 8 Sir Warner the Warners of Willeley Willey or Willeley from whose posterity by the Harleys and Peshall it came to the famous family of the Lacons Lacon much advanc'd by intermarriage with the heir of Passelew and lately improv'd by the possessions of Sir J. Blunt of Kinlet Kt. Other castles and towns lye scattering hereabouts as New castle Hopton castle Shipton and Corvesham upon the river Corve the gift of K. Hen. 2. Lib. Inq. to Walter de Clifford Brancroft and Holgot commonly call'd Howgate which formerly belong'd to the Mandutes then
ancient Palace The Inhabitants thereabouts think it to be the ruins of a City but others judge it to have been the Camp of either Penda or Oswald o Scarce three miles off stands Whittington Wittingâ—â—n not long since a castle of the Fitz-Warrens who derive their pedigree from 30 Sir Guarin Warren de Metz a Lorainer he took to wife the heiress of William Peverel who is said to have built it and had issue by her Fulk the father of the renown'd 31 Sir Fulk Fitz-Warren Fulk Fitz-Warren The life of 〈◊〉 writâ—en â—n â—â—ench whose strange and various fortune in war was very much admir'd by our Ancestors 32 And had Poems compos'd upon it In Henry the third's reign there was a Commission to Fulk Fitz-Warren to fortifie the castle of Whittington sufficiently as appears by the Close-rolls in the fifth year of that King's reign The Barony of these Fitz-Warrens 〈◊〉 Fitz-â—arren expir'd in a female having in the last age pass'd from the Hancfords to the Bourchiers now Earls of Bath Below this castle Wrenoc the son of Meuric held certain lands by the service of being Latimer between the English and Welsh that is an Interpreter This I have remark'd from an old Inquisition for the better understanding of the word Latimer â—he signifiâ—ation of Latâ—mer which few are acquainted with tho' it is a name very famous in this kingdom Upon the Northern bounds of this Shire first stands Shenton a seat of the Needhams 33 Blackmere an ancient family of the Lords L'estrange a famous family y Of this family was Sir Robert Needham Kt. who had considerable Commands during the war in Ireland under Queen Elizabeth He was afterwards Vice-President of the Council in the Marches of Wales and created by King Charles the first Viscount Kilmorey to him succeeded Thomas his son who built a noble house in this place and is succeeded in his honour by Robert Viscount Kilmorey his son and next White-church â—hite-â—hurch or the white Monastery famous for some monuments of the Talbots but more particularly for that of our English Achilles 34 Sir John John Talbot the first Earl of Shrewsbury of this family whose Epitaph I here insert not that it comes up to the character of such an Hero but only for a Specimen how the stile of every age varies in framing their monumental Inscriptions ORATE PRO ANIMA PRAENOBILIS DOMINI DOMINI IOANNIS TALBOTT QVONDAM COMITIS SALOPIAE DOMINI TALBOTT DOMINI FVRNIVALL DOMINI VERDON DOMINI STRANGE DE BLACK-MERE ET MARESCHALLI FRANCIAE QVI OBIIT IN BELLO APVD BVRDEWS VII IVLII MCCCCLIII That is Pray for the soul of the right honourable Lord Lord John Talbott sometime Earl of Shrewsbury Lord Talbott Lord Furnivall Lord Verdon Lord Strange of Blackmere and Marshal of France who died in battel at Burdews VII of July MCCCCLIII These Talbotts many years ago had the Inheritance of the Barons L'estrange of Blackmere â—â—rons Leâ—â—ange of â—â—ackmere 35 Who were sirnam'd Le Strange commonly and Extranei in Latin Records for that they were strangers brought hither by King Henry the second and in a short time their house was far propagated Those of Blackmere were much enricht by an heir of W. de Albo Monasterio or this Whit-Church and also by one of the heirs of John Lord Giffard of Brimsfield of ancient Nobility in Glocestershire by the only daughter of Walter Lord Clifford who were sometimes call'd Extranei that is Foreigners in right of their wives For they were Lords Marchers in this County and their seat in this neighbourhood call'd Blackmere from a Lake of blackish water is now almost quite ruin'd This family was much ennobled and their estates encreas'd by intermarriage with a daughter and coheir of John Giffard of Brimsfield of an honourable and ancient Family in Glocestershire whose wife Mawd was the only daughter of Walter Clifford the third More 36 Westward to the East lies Ellesmer Ellesmer a small tract of rich and fertile ground which according to the Chester-Chronicle together with the small castle King John settled upon Lewellin Prince of North-Wales when he made up the match between him and 37 Joan his base-daughter his natural daughter Afterwards 38 In the time of King Henry the third it came to the L'estranges or the Extranei but at present it has its Baron 39 Sir Thomas Thomas Egerton who for his singular wisdom and integrity was by Queen Elizabeth made Lord Keeper and afterwards by King James advanc'd to the highest dignity of the Long-robe by being made Lord Chancellour and created Baron of Ellesmer z Before he dy'd he was made Viscount Brackley Baron of Ellesmâ—r Now to say somewhat briefly of the Earls of Shrewsbury Earls of Shrewsbury Roger de Belesm or Montgomery was created by William the Conquerour first Earl of Shrewsbury who also had the greatest share of Lands given him in this kingdom of any of his Souldiers His eldest son Hugh immediately succeeded him but was afterwards slain in Wales leaving no issue behind him Next was Robert another of his sons a man barbarously cruel both towards his own sons and his hostages whose eyes he pull'd out and then gelded with his own hands But at last being attainted of High Treason he was punish'd by King Henry the first with perpetual imprisonment where his sufferings were answerable to the heinousness of his crimes a Malmesb. Hist Novell f. 99. The revenues of the Earldom were transferr'd to Queen Adelizia for her dower Many ages after King Henry the sixth in the twentieth year of his reign conferr'd this honour upon John Lord Talbot who by a natural genius as well as choice of profession seems to have been destin'd for military atchievements And in the 24th year of his reign he encreas'd his honours by adding to his title of Earl of Shrewsbury and Weisford that of Earl of Waterford the Barony of Dongarvan and Lieutenancy of Ireland He was afterwards slain in a battel at Chastillon 40 Upon Dordan near Bourdeaux in Aquitain with his younger son 41 Sir John Talbot John Viscount L'isle after he had scatter'd the Trophies of Victory over the best part of France for four and twenty years together His son John succeeded him whose mother was a daughter and coheir of 42 Sir Thomas Thomas Nevil Lord Furnivall but espousing the interest of the house of Lancaster he lost his life in the battel at Northampton From him 43 By a daughter of the Earl of Ormond descended John the third Earl of Shrewsbury and 44 Sir Gilbert Talbot Captain of Calais Gilbert from whom the Talbots of Grafton are descended 45 This third John had by his wife Katharine daughter to Henry Duke of Buckingham George the fourth Earl who serv'd King Henry the seventh valiantly and constantly at the battel of
Stoke And he by Anne his wife daughter of William Lord Hastings had Francis the fifth Earl who begat of Mary daughter to Thomas Lord Dacre of Gilles-land George the sixth Earl a man of approv'd fidelity in weighty affairs of State whose son Gilbert by his wife Gertrude daughter to Thomas Earl of Rutland the seventh Earl maintaineth at this day c. Next succeeded George and after him Francis his son the father of George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury a States-man of untainted honour and approv'd experience in the weighty affairs of Government whose son Gilbert at present not only supplies his Ancestors room but supports the character too with great grandeur and his own personal merits There are in this Shire about 170 Parishes ADDITIONS to SHROPSHIRE SHropshire being the Frontier between England and Wales has had more Castles in it than any other County in England Insomuch that a * Fuller's Worth late Author says it may seem on the west to be divided from Wales with a wall of continu'd castles and Speed tells us that beside several towns strongly wall'd upon this occasion 32 Castles have been built in it a Of the more ancient Castles there seems to have been one at Chirbury Chirbury near the Severn for Aethelfled Lady of the Mercians is †Chr. Sax. said to have built one at Cyricbyrig Now as to the affinity between the old and new names if we add the Norman h after C the change is very easie and natural and for the condition of the place nothing can answer more exactly for where should she more probably build it than here when her main design was to secure her kingdom against the incursions of the Welsh b From hence toward the south-east was fought that famous battel mention'd by our Author between Ostorius and Caratacus And as the Action was great and eminent ‖ Aubrey 's Monumenta Britan. vol. 2. so are the remains of it to this day very considerable Near Lanterden about the meeting of the rivers Teme and Clun are two barrows in which were found burnt bones and an urn And a little way east of Teme at Brandon Brandon is a single square work with four ports very commodiously situated as having near it the river to serve them with water a thing the Romans were always careful to secure if possible And these are the reliques of the Romans As for the Britains there is a Camp of theirs about half a mile from Brandon at a place call'd Coxoll near Brampton-Bryan-Castle it is now cover'd with great oaks From hence they seem to have been beaten and about three miles towards the north is that large British Camp Caer-Caradock Caer Caradock The trenches are very deep and yet it is hard rock The Rampires are wall'd but the wall is now cover'd with earth which if one remove a little the stones appear * Dugd. Visitation of Shropsh It is now vulgarly call'd the Gair and situate upon the east-point of a very steep hill having no access to it but from a plain on the west part thereof It is three times as long as 't is broad having its entrance to the west fenc'd with a high treble rampire There is also a narrow passage out of it towards the east upon the very pitch of the hill The north-side of it is fortify'd with a deep and double trench but on the south-side it hath but a single trench because the steepness of that side of the hill is of it self a very good defence On the south-point of a high hill a mile north of Clun call'd Tongley Tongley is a large fortification somewhat larger than Caer Caradock it is made circular and defended with 3 deep trenches drawn round it And a mile from Bishops-castle towards Montgomery is a place call'd the Bishops-mote Bishops-mote where is a very steep and high hill like the Keep of a Castle at the west end and towards the east near an acre of ground surrounded with an entrenchment These are all the marks we have left of this memorable engagement c Keeping along the south-coast of the County we come to Clay-hill Clay-hill where are still the remains of an ancient Camp d From whence the Severn leads us to Bridgenorth Bridgnorth a name as Leland has observ'd but of late use it being call'd in all ancient Records Bridge But the most ancient name is that given it by the Saxon Annals Bricge from which by some of our later Historians it is term'd Brugge and Bruggenorth that addition being made upon the building of some bridge over the Severn south of this So that our Author I think is mistaken when he says it was formerly call'd simply Burgh implying thereby some fortification That Castle built by the Danes An. 896. call'd in Saxon CÆ¿atbricge seems to be the very same tho' our Author and Mr. Somner are inclin'd to place it at Cambridge in Glocestershire For 1. 't is said expresly to be upon the Severn whereas Cambridge is two miles distant and beside that was probably built to guard the passage over the Severn 2. The Canterbury-copy reads it expresly Bricge as the Chronicle calls Bridgenorth which is at this day commonly nam'd Brigge And 3. As to the former part of the word there is a town about a mile distant call'd Quatford and another at two miles distance call'd Quat so that one may reasonably imagine CÆ¿atbricge should not be far off The forest Morfe Morfe mention'd by our Author is now a waste with scarce a tree upon it and the Walls and Castle he speaks of quite ruinated Northward from hence is Evelyn from which place the family of that name came into Surrey some ages since along with the Onslows and Hattons where these three seated themselves near one another and have remain'd a long time e Upon the edge of Staffordshire is the Well of S. Kenelm S Kâ—â—â—â—â— Welâ— to whom the Kingdom of Mercia fell at seven years of age But Quendred his sister practising with the young King's guardians made him away f More to the west is Acton-Burnell Acâ—â—â—-Burnell famous as our Author observes for a Parliament there The House of Commons sat in a barn then belonging to the Abbot of the Monastery of S. Peter and S. Paul which is still standing and belongs to Francis Prynce Esq g Next the Severn carries us to the Uriconium Uriconiâ—â— of the Ancients the circumference of which city-wall was about 3 miles built upon a foundation for the most part made of pebble-stones about 3 yards thick and a vast trench round it which in some places appears exceeding deep to this day Our Author refers the decay of it to the Danish wars and that it was burnt is indubitable for the way the fire went is still discoverable by the blackness and rankness of the soil But if we say this was done by the Danes we seem to injure the Antiquity of Shrewsbury
room William the son of Osbern of Crepon or as the Normans call'd him Fitz-Osbern a person very nearly allied to the Dukes of Normandy He being slain in the 4 Assisting the Earl of Flanders wars in Flanders was succeeded by his son Roger sirnam'd de Bretevill who died 5 Condemn'd to perpetual prison for a Conspiracy against the Conquerour out-law'd Proscriptus leaving no legitimate issue Then King Stephen restor'd to Robert le Bossu Earl of Leicester 6 Who had marry'd Emme or Itta heir of Bretevill son of Emme de Bretevill's heir I speak out of the original it self the Borough of Hereford and the Castle and the whole County of Hereford to descend by inheritance but to no purpose For Maud the Empress who contended with Stephen for the Crown advanced Miles the son of Walter Constable of Glocester to that honour and 7 Also granted to him Constabulariam Curiae suae the Constableship of her Court whereupon his posterity were Constables of England as the Marshalship was granted at the first by the name of Magistratus â—lariscalâ—iae Câ—riae nostrae made him high Constable of England Constables of England Nevertheless King Stephen afterwards divested him of these honours This Miles had five sons Roger Walter Henry William and Mahel all persons of great note and who died untimely deaths after they had all but William succeeded one another in their father's inheritance having none of them any issue King Henry amongst other things gave to Roger The Mote of Hereford with the whole Castle Girald Cambriae Itin. l. 1. c. 2. and the third penny of the revenues of the Pleas of the whole County of Hereford whereof he made him Earl But upon Roger's death if we may credit Robert Montensis the same King kept the Earldom of Hereford to himself Margaret the eldest sister of these was married to Humphrey Bohun the third of that name and his Posterity were High Constables of England viz. Humphrey Bohun the fourth Henry his son 2 Par. Chart. An. 1 Reg. Joan. Matth. Paris Lib Waldensis Lib. Monasterii Lanthony to whom King John granted Twenty pound to be received yearly of the third penny of the County of Hereford whereof he made him Earl This Henry married the sister and heir of William Mandevill Earl of Essex and died in the fourth year of King Henry the third Humphrey the fifth his son who was also Earl of Essex and had Humphrey the sixth who died before his father having first begot Humphrey the seventh upon a daughter and one of the heirs of William Breos Lord of Brecknock His son Humphrey the eighth was slain at Boroughbrigg leaving by Elizabeth his wife daughter of King Edward the first and dowager of the Earl of Holland a numerous issue viz. John Bohun Humphrey the ninth both Earls of Hereford and Essex who dyed issueless and William Earl of Northampton who had by Elizabeth 8 Daughter sister and one of the heirs of Giles Lord Badlesmer Humphrey Bohun the tenth and last of the Bohuns Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton as also Lord High Constable of England He left two daughters Eleanor the wife of Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester and Mary married to Henry of Lancaster Earl of Derby Henry 〈◊〉 fourâ—◠〈◊〉 of Eâ—gâ—â—â—â— who was created Duke of Hereford and was afterwards crowned King of England After this the Staffords Dukes of Buckingham had the title of Earls of Hereford who were descended from a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock which daughter was afterwards married to William Bourchier called Earl of Ew But in our memory King Edward the sixth honour'd Walter D'Eureux descended by the Bourchiers from the Bohuns with the title of Viscount Hereford whose grandchild by a son was afterwards created Earl of Essex by Queen Elizabeth This County contains 176 Parishes ADDITIONS to HEREFORDSHIRE a THE County of Hereford being as it were a Frontier in all the wars between the English and Welsh has upon that account been very remarkable for its number of Forts and Castles no fewer than 28. the greatest part whereof have now little to show beside the name Our Author observes it to be a very good Corn-Country but its present peculiar eminence is in Fruits of all sorts which give them an opportunity particularly of making such vast quantities of Syder as not only to serve their own families for 't is their general drink but also to furnish London and other parts of England their Red-streak from a sort of Apple they call so being exrtemely valu'd b Upon the river Wye two miles from Hereford is Eaton-wall Eaton * Aubr MS. a Camp containing about thirty or forty acres The works of it are single except a little on the West-side And about two miles from hence and a mile from Kenchester is Creden-hill upon which is a very great Camp and mighty works the graff here is inwards as well as outwards and the whole contains by estimation about forty acres c Near which is Kenchester Kenchester †Blome where about the year 1669. was found in a wood a great vault with tables of plaster in it The vault it self was pav'd with stone and thereabouts were dug up also many pieces of Roman Coins with large Bones leaden Pipes several Roman Urns with ashes in them and other vessels the use whereof was unknown d A little lower stands its daughter Hereford Hereford in which name our Author would find some remains of the old Ariconium whereas it is of a pure Saxon original implying no more than a ford of the army nor ought the vulgar's pronouncing it Hariford be of any weight when it appears by * See the Glossary and the several places wherein 't is mention'd our most ancient Annals that it was constantly written hereford Which interpretation doth also suit the situation of the place exceeding well the Severn being for many hundreds of years the frontier between two Nations almost always at war e Leland †Itinerar MS. has told us that the Castle by the ruins appear'd to have been one of the fairest largest and strongest in all England The walls were high firm and full of great towers and where the river was not a sufficient defence for it there it was strongly ditch'd It had two wards each of them surrounded with water the dungeon was high and exceeding well fortify'd having in the outward wall or ward ten towers of a semiciâ—cular figure and one great tower in the inner ward As to the building of it the sâ—me Leland has left us what tradition was on foot in his time without taking any notice of our Author's Earl Milo Some think says he that Heraldus â—gan this Castle after that he had conquer'd the rebellion of the Welshmen in King Edward the Confessor's time Some think that the Lacies Earls of Hereford were the great makers of it and the Bohuns Earls of Hereford
Roman work the Britain bricks and Roman coyns there found are most certain arguments among which the Reverend Father in God Francis Bishop of Landaffe by whose information I write this imparted unto me of his kindness one of the greatest pieces that ever I saw coyn'd of Corinthian copper by the city of Elaia in the lesser Asia to the honour of the Emperour Severus with this Greek Inscription 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is The Emperour Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax And on the reverse an Horseman with a Trophee erected before him but the letters not legible save under him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is of the Elaians which kind of great pieces the Italians call Medaglioni and were extraordinary coyns not for common use but coyn'd by the Emperours either to be distributed by the way of largess in Triumphs or to be sent for Tokens to men well deserving or else by free Cities to the glory and memory of good Princes What name this place anciently had is hard to be found but seemeth to have been the Port and Landing place for Venta Silurum when as it is but two miles from it Near Caldecot Câ—â—decot where the river Throgoy enters the Severn-Sea Inq 3 E. 1. I observ'd the wall of a castle which formerly belong'd to the High-Constables of England and was held by the service of Constableship of England Not far from hence are Wondy and Pen-how Wâ—â—dy and Peâ—-â—â—w the seats formerly of the illustrious family of St. Maur St Maur or Seiâ—â—r now corruptly call'd Seimour For we find that about the year 1240. in order to wrest Wondy out of the hands of the Welsh G. Marescal Earl of Pembroke was obliged to assist William of St. Maur. From whom was descended Roger of St. Maur Kt. who married one of the heiresses of the illustrious J. Beauchamp the noble Baron of Hach who was descended from Sibyl one of the co-heiresses of that most puissant William Marshal E. of Pembroke and from William Ferrars Earl of Derby Hugh de Vivon and William Mallet men of eminent worth in their times The Nobility of all which as also of several others have as may be made evident concentred in the Right Honourable Edward de St. Maur or Seimour now Earl of Hereford a singular encourager of virtue and learning for which qualification he 's deservedly famous The Fenny tract extended below this for some miles is call'd the Moor The Mâ—or which at my present reviewing these notes An Inundatâ—â— 16â—â— Jan. has suffer'd a most lamentable devastation For the Severn-Sea after a Spring-tide being driven back by a Southwest-wind which continued for 3 days without intermission and then again repuls'd by a very forcible Sea-wind it raged with such a tide as to overflow all this lower tract and also that of Somersetshire over against it undermining several Houses and overwhelming a considerable number of cattel and men In the borders of this Fenny tract where the land rises lies Gold-cliff Gâ—â—d-câ—iff so call'd saith Giraldus because the stones appear when the Sun shines of a bright gold colour Nor can I be easily perswaded saith he that nature hath bestow'd this colour on the stones in vain or that this is merely a flower without fruit should some skilful Artist search the veins and bowels of this rock In this place there remain some ruins of an old Priory founded by one of the family of Chandois From hence we come through a Fenny Country to the mouth of the river Isca â—he river 〈◊〉 call'd by the Britains Wysk in English Usk and by others Osca This river as we have already observ'd taking its course through the midst of the County passes by three small cities of noted antiquity The first on the Northwest borders of the County call'd by Antoninus Gobannium Gâ—bannium is situate at the confluence of the rivers Wysk and Govenni and thence denominated It is at this day retaining its ancient appellation call'd Aber-Gavenni and by contraction Aber-Gaenni which signifies the Confluence of Gavenni or Gobannium It is fortified with walls and a castle which as Giraldus observes has been oftner stain'd with the infamy of treachery than any other castle of Wales First by William Son of Earl Miles and afterwards by William Breos both having upon publick assurance and under pretence of friendship invited thither some of the Welsh Nobility and then basely murder'd them But they escaped not God's just punishment for Breos having been depriv'd of all his effects his wife and son starv'd with hunger died himself in exile The other having his brains dash'd out with a stone while Breulas-castle was on fire suffer'd at length the due reward of his villany The first Lord of Aber-Gavenni Lords of Aber-Gavenni that I know of was one Hamelin Balun who made Brien Wallingford or Brient de L'Isle call d also Fitz-Count his Executor And he having built here an Hospital for his two sons who were Lepers left the greatest part of his Inheritance to Walter the son of Miles Earl of Hereford This Walter was succeeded by his brother Henry whom the Welsh slew and invaded his Territories which the King's Lieutenants defended though not without great hazard By Henry's sister it descended to the Breoses and from them in right of marriage by the Cantelows and Hastings to Reginald Lord Grey of Ruthin 19 Rich. 2. But William Beauchamp obtain'd it of the Lord Grey by conveyance and he again in default of Issue male entail'd it on his brother Thomas Earl of Warwick and on his heirs-male Richard son of William Beauchamp Lord of Aber-gavenni for his military valour created Earl of Worcester being slain in the wars of France left one only daughter who was married to Edward Nevil From henceforth the Nevils became eminent under the title of Barons of Aber-Gavenni But the castle was a long time detain'd from them upon occasion of the conveyance before mention'd The fourth of these dying in our memory left one only daughter Mary married to Sir Thomas Fane Claus 19 21 Hen. 6. c. between whom and Sir Edward Nevil the next heir-male to whom the castle and most of the estate had been left by Will which was also confirm'd by authority of Parliament there was a trial for the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni before the House of Lords in the second year of King James which continued seven days But in regard the question of right could not be fully adjusted and that each of them seem'd to all in respect of descent very worthy of the title and that moreover it was evident that both the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni and that of Le Despenser belong'd hereditarily to this family the Peers requested of his Majesty that both might be honour'd with the title of Baron to which he agreed It was then proposed to the Peers by the L. Chancellor first Whether the heirs-male or female should enjoy the
to the West Lancashire Westmorland and Cumberland all which Counties in the infancy of the Saxon Government were contain'd under the Kingdom of the Deiri For the Saxons call'd these Countries in general the Kingdom of Northumberland dividing it into two parts Deira call'd in that age Deir land which is nearer namely on this side the river Tine and Bernicia the farther reaching from the Tine †Frotum Scoticum to the Frith of Edenburrow Which parts though for some time they had their different Kings yet at last they came all under one Kingdom And to take notice of this by the way where we read in the ‖ Pag. 272. Annal. Franc. octavo Life of Charles the Great Eardulphus Rex Nordanhumbrorum i.e. De Irland patria pulsus ad Carolum magnum venit for De Irland we are to read Deirland and so to understand it that he went over to Charles the Greâ—t out of this Country and not from Ireland YORKSHIRE THE County of York in a Eâ—forwiâ—scire I take to be the true Saxon name Saxon EuerÆ¿icscyre Effrocscyre and Ebora-scyre commonly Yorkshire by far the largest County in England is reputed to be pretty fruitful If in one place the soil be of a stony sandy barren nature yet in another it is pregnant and fruitful and so if it be naked and exposed in one part we find it cloathed and sheltred with great store of wood in another Nature using an allay and mixture that the entire County by this variety of parts might seem more pleasing and beautiful Towards the west it is bounded by those hills already mention'd by Lancashire and by Westmorland Towards the north it borders upon the County of Durham which is entirely separated from it by the river Tees On the east it bounds upon the German Ocean The south-side is enclosed first with Cheshire and Derbyshire then with Nottinghamshire and lastly with Lincolnshire â—â—â—er where that noble aestuary the Humber breaks in which is a common rendezvouz for the greatest part of the rivers hereabouts The whole County is divided into three parts denominated from three several quarters of the world West-Riding East-Riding and North-Riding West-Riding or the West-part is for some time bounded by the river 〈…〉 â—nd 〈◊〉 Ouse Lancashire and the southern limits of the County and lies out towards the south and west East-Riding or the east-part of this County lies towards the east and towards the Ocean which together with the river Derwent encloses it North-Riding or the north-part fronts the north and is in a manner included by the rivers Tees and Derwent and a long course of the river Ouse From the western mountains or those bordering in the west-part of the County many rivers gush forth which are every one at last received by the Ouse and so in one chanel flow into the Humber Neither do I perceive any better method in describing this part thâ—n to follow the course of the Dane the Calder Are Wherfe Nid and Ouse which issue out of these mountains and are the most remarkable not only as being the best rivers but as flowing by the most considerable places Danus commonly Don and Dune Don river is as it seems so called because 't is carried in a low deep chanel for that is the signification of the British word Dan. After it hath saluted Wortley which has given name to that excellent family of the Wortleys a and also a place near it called Wentworth Wentworth from which many Gentry both in this County and elsewhere as also the Barons of Wentworth have deriv'd their name and original b it arrives at Sheafield Sheafield remarkable among many other places hereabouts for Blacksmiths there being much iron digg'd up in these parts and for a strong old Castle which is descended in a right line from the Lovetofts the Lords Furnival 1 And Thomas Lord Nevil of Furnival and Nevil Lord Furnival Furnival to the most honourable the Talbots Earls of Shrewsbury c From hence the Dane under the shade of alder yew-trees and others flows to Rotheram Rotheram which glories in having had an Archbishop of York of it 's own name viz. Thomas Rotheram a wise man who was born here and prov'd a great benefactor to this place having upon a laudable design founded a College here with three Schools for instructing boys in Writing Grammar and Musick which are now supprest by the wicked avarice of this age d Then it runs within view of Connisborow Connisborow e an old Castle called in British Caer Conan situated upon a rock whither at the battel of Maisbelly when Aurelius Ambrosius routed the Saxons and put them to a disorderly flight Hengist their General retired to secure himself Florilegus 487. and a few days after took the field again against the Britains who pursued him with whom he engaged a second time which proved fatal both to himself and his army for the Britains cut off many of them and taking him prisoner beheaded him if the authority of the British History is to be preferred in this matter before that of the b It does not appear that any Saxon Annals say so on the contrary those Historians who seem best acquainted with such ancient Records assert plainly that he was slain or else as Matth. of Westminster expresses it Captus amputato câ—pite ad Tarcara dâ—stinabatur Saxon Annals which report him to have dy'd a natural death being worn out and spent with fatiegue and business f 2 But this Coningsborough in lattâ—r ages was the possession of the Earls of Warren After this it washes Sprotburg the ancient Seat of an ancient family the Fitz-Williams Knights related to the best families of England and the ancestors of 3 Sir William William Fitz-Williams Fitz-Williams within the memory of the last age Earl of Southampton and also of William Fitz-Williams late Lieutenant of Ireland But this seat is now descended to the Copleys as Elmsley and many other estates of theirs in these parts to the Savills From hence the Dan severs into two courses and runs to an old town to which it leaves its name commonly called at this day Doncaster Doncaster g but by the Scots Doncastle and the Saxons Dona cester by Ninius Caer-Daun by Antoninus Danum and so likewise by the Notitia which relates that the Praefect of the Crispinian Horse under the Dux Britanniae garrison'd theâ—e About the year 759. it was burnt to the ground by lightning and so bury'd in it's own rubbish that it has hardly yet recover'd it self The plat of a large tower is still visible which they imagine was destroyed in that fire where now stands a neat Church dedicated to St. George the only Church in this town h Scarce five miles distant to the southward stands a place which I must not pass by called Tickhill Tickhill being an ancient town and fortified with an old castle
Savil being the first Alderman and his office executed by John Harrison Esquire a most noble benefactor and a pattern to succeeding ages 1. He founded a Hospital for relief of indigent persons of good conversation and formerly industrious which he endowed with 80 l. per an and a Chapel endowed with 10 l. per an for a Master to read Prayers and to instruct them 2. He built the Free-school to which Godfrey Lawson Esquire Mayor of the Burrough of Leeds An. 1669. has added a Library placed it upon his own ground and enclos'd it with a beautiful wall 3. He built a most noble Church dedicated to S. John the Evangelist and endowed it with 80 l. per an with 10 l. per an to keep it in repair and provided a house for the Minister 4. He erected a stately Cross for the conveniency of the market When his estate was almost exhausted in acts of charity he left the remainder for relief of such of his relations as by the frowns of the world should unhappily be reduced to poverty bequeathing 30 l. per an to be managed by four Trustees to put out the males to trades and to prefer the females in marriage And as these are instances of his charity so in a Codicil annex'd to his Will there is a fair testimony of his strict justice and integrity Whereas I heretofore bought of Richard Falkingham Esq divers lands and tenements part of which I endow'd the New Church withal and part I since sold to several persons for a good sum of money more than I purchas'd the same for I thought my self bound to bestow upon the eldest son of John Green and the eldest son of John Hamerton who marry'd the coheirs of the said Richard Falkingham the surplus of all such moneys as I sold the lands for over and above what indeed they cost me together with a large addition thereunto the product of the whole sum amounting to 1600 l. which upon a strict estimate of his whole estate appears to be a full half He was baptiz'd in S. Peter's Church at Leeds the 16. of Aug. 1579. was chief Alderman 1626. and again 1634. in which year the new Church of his own foundation was consecrated 21. Sept. by Richard Neile then Archbishop of York He dy'd Oct. 29. A. D. 1656. aet 77. and lyes interr'd under an Altar-tomb of black marble in the said Church over which is the well-painted effigies of this Benefactor in his scaâ—â—et-gown the gift of the reverend Mr. Henry Robâ—nson the present incumbent who is perhaps the single instance of one that enjoys a Church both founded and endow'd by his own Uncle and from whom there is a fair and near prospect of some exemplary act of publick piety By a second Patent bearing date 2. Nov. 13 Car. 2. the government of Leeds was alter'd to a Mayor 12 Aldermen and 24 Assistants This place is now honour'd by giving the title of Duke to the right honourable Thomas Lord Marquis of Caermarthen President of their Majesties Council 〈…〉 s From Leeds Are passeth by Temple Newsome of old a Commandary belonging to the Knights Templars now the seat of the right honourable Arthur Ingram Lord Viscount Irwing in the Kingdom of Scotland â—â—â—â—â—rd t Near the confluence of Are and Calder is Castleford a history whereof Thomas de Castleford who was bred a Benedictine in Pontfract and flourish'd An. 1326. wrote â—â—â—'s â—â—â—ies from Ask a Saxon first owner thereof to the Lacies from whom that large Lordship descended to the Earls of Lancaster 〈…〉 Not far from hence is Ledston-Hall formerly the seat of the ancient family of the Withams but late of Sir John Lewis Baronet who having got a vast estate during his nine years factorship for the East-India-Company much augmented by the Jewels presented him by the King of Persia who much delighted in his company dy'd here without issue-male 14. Aug. 1671. He erected a curious Hospital which cost 400 l. building and endow'd it with 60 l. per an for the yearly maintenance of 10 aged poor people who by his Will are requir'd religiously to observe the Sabbath-day and to be present at Church in time of Divine-Service and Sermon u The occasion upon which Polydore Virgil and our Author say Pontefract had its name is by Dr. Johnston observ'd to be altogether inconsistent with the Records of the place especially in point of time At first it was call'd Kirkby for in the Charter made by Robert de Lacy son of Hildebert to the Monks of St. John the Evangelist they are stil'd De dominio suo de Kirkby â—â—â—st 〈◊〉 vol 1. and this he says he did by advice of T. Archbishop of York Yet the same Robert by another Charter to which are the same witnesses except that T. Archbishop of York is added confirms other Lands and Churches Deo S. Johanni Monachis meis de Pontefract So that by this account it is plain that in the time of T. Archbishop of York it had both the names of Kirkby and Pontefract Now this T. could be no other than the first Thomas who came to the Archbishoprick about the eighth of the Conquerour and continu'd in it till about the beginning of Henry 1. whom he crown'd and soon after dy'd For Robert who granted these Charters was banish'd in the 6. of Hen. 1. for being at the battel of Tenercebray on behalf of Robert Duke of Normandy against K. Henry and dy'd the year after which was before any other Archbishop succeeded in that See to whose name the initial T. will agree Thomas the second indeed came presently after An. 1109. but this S. William to whom the miracle is attributed was not possess'd of it before 1153. From which it is evident that the town was call'd Pontefract at least 52 years before the miracle and how much longer we know not Below the Church and a water-mill call'd Bongate-mill there is a level ground nam'd the Wash the road from Pontefract to Knottingley and the directest way from Doncaster to Castleford By this Wash the current of waters flowing from the springs above and supplying two mills passes into the river at Knottingley But it retains not that name above a large bow-shot being terminated by a place called Bubwith-houses where by an Inquisition taken in the reign of Edw. 2. it appears that one John Bubwith held the eighteenth part of a Knights fee juxta veterem pontem de Pontefract i.e. near the old bridge of Pontefract Which must have been over this Wash as will be made more probable if we consider that even now upon any violent rains or the melting of snow it is so overflow'd as to be scarce passable and that formerly before the conveyance of the waters into chanels to serve the mills and the dreins made from hence to Knottingley the passage must have been much more difficult and by consequence the rather requir'd a bridge So then the probability of a
were drowns the lesser and the King of England and Duke of Normandy at that time was the self same person But where am I thus roving After Arthur there succeeded in the Earldom of Richmond Guy Vicount of Thovars second husband of Constantia aforesaid Ranulph the third Earl of Chester third husband to the said Constantia Peter de Dreux descended from the Blood-royal of France who married Alice the only daughter of Constantia by her husband Guy Thovars 7 Then upon dislike of the house of Britain Peter of Savoy c. Peter of Savoy Uncle of Eleanor Consort to King Henry the third who fearing the Nobility and Commons of England that grumbled at that time against foreigners voluntarily renounced this honour John Earl of Britain son of Peter de Dreux John the first Duke of Britain and his son who married Beatrice daughter to Henry the third King of England He had issue Arthur Duke of Britain who according to some Writers was also Earl of Richmond For certain Robert de Arthâ—is wâ— not Earl oâ— Richmâ—â—d as Frâ—â—sardus has â— but of â—â—lomorâ— Lib. Feâ—d Richmâ—â—diae John his younger brother presently after the death of his father enjoy'd this honour who added to the ancient Arms of Dreux with the Canton of Britain the Lions of England in bordure He was ‖ Custoâ— Governour of Scotland under Edward the second where he was kept prisoner three years and at last dy'd without children in the reign of Edward the third and John Duke of Britain his Nephew the son of Arthur succeeded in this Earldom He dying without issue at a time when this Dutchy of Britain was hotly * Between John de Montâ—foâ—â— and Jâ— Clauâ— wife of Charles of Blâ—is contended for 8 Between John Earl of Monfort of the half-blood and Joan his brother's daughter and heir of the whole blood married to Charles of Blâ—ys Edward the 3d to advance his interest in France gave to John Earl of Montford who had sworn fealty to him for the Dutchy of Britain all this Earldom till such time as he should recover his Lands in France he seeming preferable to the daughter of his brother deceas'd 9 To whom the Parliament of France had adjudg'd it both as he was a man as he was nearer ally'd and as he had a better title His lands being at length regain'd by means of the English the same King gave it to John of Gaunt his son who at last restor'd it to the King his father for other Lands in exchange The King forthwith created John Earl of Montford the second Duke of Britain sirnam'd the Valiant to whom he had married his daughter Earl of Richmond that he might oblige him by stronger ties being a warlike man and a bitter enemy to the French Yet by an Act of Parliament in the 14th of King Richard the second he was deprived of this Earldom for adhering to the French against the English However he retain'd the title and left it to his posterity The Earldom it self was given by the King to Joan of Britain his sister widow of Ralph Basset of Draiton After her death first Ralph Nevil Earl of Westmorland by the bounty of Henry the 4th had the Castle and County of Richmond for term of Life and then John Duke of Bedford Afterwards Henry the sixth conferr'd the title of Earl of Richmond upon Edmund de Hadham his brother by the mother's side with this peculiar privilege That he should take place in Parliament next the Dukes To him succeeded Henry his son afterwards King of England by the name of Henry the seventh But whilst he was in exile George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester had this County bestow'd upon them by King Edward the fourth their brother Last of all Henry natural son to Henry the eight was by his father invested Duke of Richmond Duke of Richmond but in the year of our Lord 1535. he dy'd without issue 10 As for Sir Thomas Grey who was made Baron of Richmond by King Henry the sixth he was not Lord of this Richmond but of a place in Bedfordshire call'd Rugemound and Richmount Greies There are reckon'd in this County 104 great Parishes besides Chapels of Ease ADDITIONS to the North-Riding and Richmondshire a IN the North-riding the first place our Author speaks of is Scarborough â—â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh which drives a great trade with fish taken in the Sea thereabout wherewith they supply the City of York tho' thirty miles distant Besides Herings which he takes notice of they have Ling Cod-fish Haddock Hake Whiting Makrel with several other sorts in great plenty On the North-east it is fortified with a high and inaccessible rock stretcht out a good way into the Sea and containing at the top about eighteen or twenty acres of good Meadow and not near sixty as Mr. Camden has told us out of Newbrigensis Whether the difference lye in the several measures of Acres or the greater part of it be washt away by the Sea or lastly may have been caus'd through an error of that Historian I shall not dispute since the matter of fact is plain Wittie's â—â—â—ription â—carboâ—â—â—gh â— The Spaw-well is a quick Spring about a quarter of a mile South from the Town at the foot of an exceeding high cliff arising upright out of the Earth like a boyling pot near the level of the Spring-tides with which it is often overflown It is of that sort of Springs which Aristotle calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the most droughty years are never dry In an hour it affords above 24. gallons of water for the stones through which it flows contain more than 12 gallons and being empty'd every morning will be full within half an hour It 's virtue proceeds from a participation of Vitriol Iron Alum Nitre and Salt to the sight it is very transparent inclining somewhat to a sky-colour it hath a pleasant acid taste from the Vitriol and an inky smell The right honourable Richard Lumley has from this place his title of Earl of Scarborough b Upon the same coast is Whitby â—â—itby not call'd in Saxon Streanes-Heale as our Author has it but Streones HalH as it is in the Saxon Paraphrase of Bede and also the best Latin Copies And therefore Mr. Junius in his Gothick Glossary under the word Alh seems to have hit the true original when he fetches it from the Saxon hael hal or healh call'd by Caedmon alh which as our Northern word Hall still in use signifies any eminent building Hence the Pagan God Woden's Valhol or Valhaul so frequently mention'd in the Edda and other old Cimbrian Writers and Crantzius fetches the name of the City of Upsal from the same original c As for the Serpent-stones â—â—â—pent-â—â—â—â—es Mr. Nicholson who has made large observations upon the Natural Rarities of those parts affirms them to be the same with those the Modern Naturalists call Cornua Ammonis Whether
they be original productions of Nature or petrify'd Shell-fishes of the Nautilus kind has been very much controverted by several Learned men on both sides But he is of opinion that they are rather spiral petrifications produc'd in the Earth by a sort of fermentation peculiar to Alum-mines Hence they are plentifully found in the Alum-pits at Rome Rochel and Lunenburgh as well as in those of this Country and 't is probale that Keinsham and other parts of England where these stones are found would afford likewise good store of Alum But a fuller account of those Alums than hitherto we have had is to be hop'd for from Mr. Lhwyd Mr. Beaumont and Mr. Woodward The particular method of making it in this place is fully describ'd by Mr. Ray in his †Pag. 201. Collection of English words d For the Synod held here our Author had no less authority than the ‖ Lib. 3. Capp 25. 26. Ecclesiastical History of Venerable Bede but yet neither King Alfred's Paraphrase nor the Saxon Chronicle mentioning any such thing makes it a little suspicious And that the whole matter is really a Fable is prov'd by Mr. Nicholson in his * Part IV. in Episc Lindifarn History of the Kingdom of Northumberland which will shortly be printed This Whitby hath a very fair and commodious Haven There are about sixty Ships of 80 Tuns or more belonging to the Town e Since Mr. Camden's time Moulgrave Moulgrave in this Riding hath given the honourable title of Earl to Edmund Lord Sheffields of Butterwick Lord President of the North and created Earl of this place Febr. 7. in the first year of Charles 1. He was succeeded by Edmund his grandchild by Sir John Sheffields his second son to which Edmund John his son and heir succeeded in this honour f All along these shores Mr. Ray observ'd the people very busie in making of Kelp which they do in this manner They gather the Sea-wrack and lay it on heaps and when 't is dry they burn it While it is burning they stir it to and fro with an Iron-rake so it condenses and cakes together into such a body as we see Kelp to be and is of use in making of Alum If they should not stir it it would burn to ashes as other combustible bodies use to do g The neighbouring tract call'd Cliveland Cliveland has since our Author's time given the title of Earl to Thomas Lord Wentworth created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. who dy'd without issue In the 22th year of Charles the second the title of Dutchess of Cliveland during life was conferr'd upon Barbara Villiers daughter to the Lord Viscount Grandison One could hardly imagine how this name should be taken from Cliffs when Travellers have observ'd it to be a perfect plain particularly by a prospect from Roseberry-Toppin The Soil is exceeding clayie which has occasion'd this Proverb Cliveland in the clay Bring in two soles and carry one away h The Abbey-Church of Gisburgh Gisburgh seems by the ruins to have been comparable to the best Cathedrals in England The Inhabitants of this place are observ'd by Travellers to be very civil and well bred cleanly in dressing their diet and very decent and neat in their houses Here are two Alum-works one belonging to the Chaloners the other to the Darcies but were both laid aside some years ago Possibly Whitby lying more conveniently and having plenty of the Mine at hand may have got the trade from them i Since Mr. Camden's time Danby Danby hath afforded the title of Earl to Henry Lord Danvers of Dantsey created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. but he dy'd without issue in the year 1643. In 1674. June 27. this title was conferr'd upon Thomas Oâ—born created before Baron of Kiveton and Viscount Latimer since advanc'd to the dignity of Marquiss of Carmarthen and lately created Duke of Leeds Continuation of the DUKES As James 1. created Charles his second son Duke of York so Charles succeeding his father in the Throne declared his second son James afterwards King James 2. Duke of the same place whereupon at his birth he receiv'd that title but was not created till the 27th of Jan. 1643. being the 19th year of his father's reign Cockle-stones k As to the stones like Cockles mention'd by our Author in Richmondshire Mr. Nicholson affirms he could never hear of any that were met with lying single and dispers'd but that plenty of them as well here as in other places of the North are found in firm rocks and beds of Lime-stone sometimes at six or eight fathom within ground Whence the Miners call them Run-Limestone they supposing these figures to be produc'd by a more than ordinary heat and quicker fermentation than they allow to the production of the other parts of the quarry And this perhaps is as rational an account of these Sports of Nature as any that our Modern Virtuosi have hitherto pitch'd upon l Sir Christopher Medcalf might have had a stock of Crey-fish Crey-fish nearer home for in the County of Westmorland the rivers Kent Lowther and others are plentifully stockt with them m Tho' the name of the old Caturactonium be left in Catarick yet are the remains of it met with about three flight-shots from the bridge at a farm-house call'd Thornburgh standing upon a high ground where as well as at Brampton upon Swale on the other side of the river they have found Roman Coins Upon the bank of the river which here is very steep there are foundations of some great walls more like a castle than any private building and the large prospect makes it very convenient for a Frontier-garison It is credibly reported that almost a hundred years ago these walls were dug into out of hopes of finding some treasure and that the work-men at last came to a pair of Iron gates Overjoy'd at this and thinking their business done they go to refresh themselves but before their return a great quantity of hanging ground had fall'n in and the vast labour of removing the rubbish discourag'd them from any further attempt The level plot of ground upon the hill adjoyning to the Farm-house may be about ten acres in several parts whereof Roman Coins have been plow d up one particularly of gold with this Inscription Nero Imp. Caesar and on the Reverse Jupiter Custos Within this compass also they have met with the bases of old Pillaâ—s and a floor of brick with a pipe of lead passing perpendicularly down into the earth which is thought by some to have been a place wheâ—e sacrifice was done to the Infernal Gods and that the blood descended by those pipes Likewise in Sir John Lawson's great grandfather's time to which family the estate came by marriage as the Servants were plowing the Plow-share stuck fast in the ear of a great brass-pot which upon removing the earth they observ'd to be cover'd with flat-stones and upon opening found it as 't is
some parts they find great store of Marle to manure their grounds whereby that soil which was deem'd unfit for Corn is so kindly improv'd that we may reasonably think Mankind rather to blame for their idleness heretofore than the Earth for her ingratitude But as for the goodness of this County we may see it in the complexion of the Natives who are particularly well favour'd and comely nay and if we will Lancashire Oxen. in the Cattle of it too For in the Oxen which have huge horns and †Compositio corpore proportionable bodies you shall find nothing of that perfection wanting that Mago the Carthaginian in Columella requir'd On the South part it is divided from Cheshire by the river Mersey which springeth in the middle of the Mountains becomes the boundary as soon as it has gone a little from the rise of it and runs with a gentle stream towards the West inviting as it were other rivers to use the words of the Poet into his azure lap and forthwith receives the Irwell from the North and with it all the rivers of this Eastern part The most memorable of them is the river Roch upon which in the valley stands Rochdale Rochdale a market-town of no small resort as also Bury upon the Irwell it self a market-town no way inferiour to the other And near this whilst I carefully sought up and down for Coccium mention'd by Antoninus I saw Cockley Cockley a wooden Chapel beset round with Trees Turton-Chapel situated in a dirty steep place Turton-tower Turton and Entweissel a fair built house The latter of which formerly belong'd to certain noble persons of that name the former is the seat of that famous family the Orells at this day Where the Irk runs into the Irwell on the left bank rising in a kind of reddish stone scarce three miles from the Mersey flourishes that ancient Town read according to different copies Mancunium Maâ—â—â—um and Manutium in Antoninus which old name it has not quite lost at this day being now call'd Manchester Manâ—â— This surpasses all the Towns hereabouts in building populousness woollen-manufacture market-place Church and its College a This stately stone building is now wholly employ'd for the use of the Hospital and Library founded in the reign of Henry the fifth by Thomas Lord La-Ware 1 Bâ—ing summon'd to Parliament among the Lords Temporal by the name of Magister Thomas de la Ware who was in Orders and was the last heir-male of this family He was descended from the Greleys who were by report the ancient Lords of the Town 2 And by Joâ—nna sister of tâ—e 〈◊〉 Sir Thâ—mas it came to the Wests now Lords de la Ware But in the last age it was much more eminent for the credit of its Woolen-cloth or Manchester-Cottons Maâ—châ— Câ—ttâ—â— as they call them and also for the privilege of a Sanctuary in it which by Act of Parliament in Henry the eighth's time was transferr'd to Chester a In a Park adjoyning to the County of Deâ—by call'd Alparc I saw the marks of an old square Fort just where the river Medloc joyns the Irwell which they call Mancastle I will not say that this was the ancient Mancunium the compass of it is so little but rather that it has been some Roman station here I saw an old stone with this Inscription * O CANDIDI FIDES XX. _____ IIII. This other was taken for me by the famous Mathematician J. Dee Warden of Manchester-College who view'd it COHO I. FRISIN O MASAVONIS P. _____ XXIII They may seem erected to the memory of those Centurions for their approv'd faith and loyalty for so many years together b In the year 920. Edward the elder as Marianus says sent an Army of the Mercians into Northumberland for then this belong'd to the Kings of Northumberland that they should repair the City of Manchester and put a Garison in it c For it seems to have been destroy'd in the Danish wars and because the Inhabitants behav'd themselves bravely against them they will have their Town call'd Manchester that is as they explain it a city of men and of this opinion they are strangely fond as seeming to contribute much to their glory But these honest men are not sensible that Mancunium was the name of it in the British times so that the original of it as 't is derived from our English tongue will by no means hold And therefore I had rather fetch it from the British word Main which signifies a stone For it stands upon a stony hill and beneath the Town at Colyhurst Câ—lâ— there are noble and very famous quarries THE COUNTY PALATINE OF LANCASTER By Robt. Morden 〈…〉 After Chatmoss we see Holcroft which gave both seat and name to the famouâ— family of the Holcrofts formerly enrich'd by marriage with the Coheir of Culchit For that place stands hard by which Gilbert de Culchit held in fee of Almarick Butler as Almarick did of the Earl de Ferrariis in Henry the third's time Whose eldest daugher and heir being married to Richard the son of Hugh de Hinley he took the name of Culchith as Thomas his brother who married the second daughter was call'd from the estate Holcroft the other for the same reason Peasfalong and the fourth de Riseley 〈…〉 Now I note this that the Reader may see that our Ancestors as they were grave and settl'd in other things so in rejecting old and taking new names from their possessions were light and changeable And this was a thing commonly practis'd heretofore in other parts of England Here are little Towns quite round as also throughout this whole County Cheshire and other Northern parts which have given names to famous families and continue in the hands of those of the same name to this very day As Aston of Aston Atherton of Atherton Tillesley of Tillesley Standish of Standish Bold of Bold Hesket of Hesket Worthington of Worthington Torbeck of Torbeck c. It would be endless to reckon up all neither is it my design to give an account of eminent families but to survey such places as are of Antiquity Yet these and such like families in the Northern Counties that I may once for all observe it as they rose by their bravery and grew up more and more by their frugality and the ancient self-contented simplicity so in the South parts of England Luxury Usury Debaucheries and Cheating have undone the most flourishing families in a short time insomuch that many complain how the old race of our Nobility fades and decays 〈…〉 Let us however go on with the Mersey which runs by Warrington remarkable for its Lords the Butlers who obtain'd for it the privilege of a Market from Edward the first Hence northward at no great distance 〈…〉 stands Winwick very famous for being one of the best 〈…〉 Benefices in England Here in the uppermost part of the Church
are read these verses in an old barbarous character concerning King Oswald Hic locus Oswalde quondam placuit tibi valde Northanhumbrorum fueras Rex nuncque Polorum Regna tenes loco passus Marcelde vocato This happy place did holy Oswald love Who once Northumbria rul'd now reigns above And from Marcelde did to Heaven remove From Warrington the Mersey grows broader and soon after contracts it self again but at last opens into a wide mouth very commodious for trade and then runs into the Sea near Litherpoole Litherpool in Saxon Liferpole commonly Lirpoole call'd so as 't is thought from the water spread like a fenn there It is the most convenient and frequented place for setting sail into Ireland but not so eminent for its being ancient as for being neat and populous e For the name of it is not to be met with in old Writers but only that Roger of Poictiers who was Lord of the Honour of Lancaster as they express'd it in those times built a Castle here the government whereof was enjoy'd for a long time by the noble family of the Molineaux Molineux Knights whose chief Seat lyes hard by at Sefton Sefton which the same Roger de Poictiers bestow'd upon Vivian de Molineaux about the beginning of the Normans For all the Land between the Ribell and the Mersey belong'd to the said Roger as appears by Domesday f Near Sefton Alt a little river runs into the Sea leaving its name to Altmouth a small village which it passes by and runs at a little distance from Ferneby where in the mossy grounds belonging to it they cast up Turves which serve the Inhabitants both for fire and candle Under the Turf there lyes a blackish dead water which has a kind of I know not what oily fat substance floating upon it and little fishes swimming in it which are took by those that dig the Turves here so that we may say we have fish dug out of the ground here as well as they have about Heraclea and Tius in Pontus Nor is this strange when in watry places of this nature the fish by following the water often swim under-ground and men there fish for them with spades But that in Paphlagonia many fish are dug up Fishes dug up and those good ones too in places not at all watery has somewhat of a peculiar and more hidden cause in it That of Seneca was pleasantly said What reason is there why fish should not travel the Land if we traverse the Sea g From hence the shore is bare and open and goes on with a great winding More into the Country stands Ormeskirke Ormeskirk a market-town remarkable for being the burial-place of the Stanleys Earls of Derby whose chief Seat is Latham hard by a house large and stately which from Henry the fourth's time has been continually enlarg'd by them h At that time John Stanley Knight father of John Lord Lieutenant of Ireland descended from the same stock with the Barons of Audley married the daughter and heir of Thomas Latham an eminent Knight to whom this great estate with many other possessions came as his wife's portion From that time the Stanleys Stanleys have liv'd here of whom Thomas son of Thomas Lord Stanley made Earl of Derby Earls of Derby by King Henry the seventh had by Eleanor Nevill daughter to the Earl of Salisbury George Lord Le Strange For he married Joan the only daughter and heir of John Baron Le Strange of Knockin who dy'd during the life of his father leaving a son Thomas the second Earl of Derby He by his wife Ann daughter of Edward Lord Hastings had a son Edward the third Earl of Derby who by Dorothy the daughter of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk had Henry the fourth Earl whose wife was Margaret daughter of Henry Clifford Earl of Cumberland and mother of Ferdinand the fifth Earl who dy'd lately and of William now the sixth Earl who succeeded his brother 4 But I forget my self now when as I have formerly remembred as much i Here Dugless Dugless river a small brook runs with an easie still stream near which our Arthur as Ninnius says defeated the Saxons in a very memorable battel Near the rise of it stands Wiggin Wiggin a town formerly call'd Wibiggin as they affirm I have nothing to say of this name but that the Lancashire-men call buildings Biggin Biggin what nor of the town but that 't is neat and plentiful and a Corporation consisting of a Mayor and Burgesses also that the Rector of the Church is as I have been told Lord of the town Hard by stands Holland Family of Hollands from which the Hollands a most famous family who were Earls of Kent and Surrey and Dukes of Exeter took their name and original The daughter and heir of the eldest brother who flourish'd here under the degree and title of Knight being at last marry'd to the Lovels brought them both the estate and Arms of this family Arms of the Hollands namely In a field Azure ‖ With flowers de Ly◠florete Argent a Lion rampant gardant Arg. Near the mouth of the Dugless lies Merton a large broad lake which empties it self into this river where in the out-let of it it is presently joyn'd by the river Ribell Next to the Mersey this is the first river here that falls into the Ocean the old name whereof is not quite lost at this day for Ptolemy calls the Aestuary here Bellisama Bellisama and we Ribell by adding perhaps the Saxon word Rhe which signifies a river This river running in a swift stream from Yorkshire-hills is first carry'd to the southward by three high mountains Ingleborrow-hill near the spring of it which made me very much wonder for it shoots out in a vast ridge rising as it were gradually to the westward and mounts up towards the end as if another hill were rais'd upon the back of it Penigent Penigent so call'd perhaps from it's white and snowy head for so Pengwin signifies in British it is of a great bulk but not so high as the other Where the Rhibell enters Lancashire for these I have mention'd are in Yorkshire stands Pendle-hill Pendle-hill of great height and which on the very top produces a peculiar plant call'd Clowdesbery Clowdesbery as if it were the off-spring of the Clouds k But this hill is chiefly famous for the great damage done to the lower grounds about it heretofore by a fall of water that issued from it and for being an infallible prognostick of rain when the top of it is black and cloudy I the rather make mention of them both because they are the most eminent hills in our Appennine and therefore 't is commonly said Ingleborrow Pendle and Penigent Are the highest hills between Scotland and Trent and also that what I have already said may be the better understood Why the highest Alps should be
Preston in Andernesse 〈…〉 instead of Acmundesnesse for so the Saxons nam d this part of the country because between the rivers Ribell and Cocar it hangs out for a long way into the Sea like a Nose it was also afterwards call'd Agmonderâ—nes In William the Conqueror's time there were only 16 villages in it inhabited the rest lay wast as we find in Domes-day and it was possess'd by Roger of Poictiers Afterwards it belong d to Theobald Walter from whom the Butlers of Ireland are descended for so we read in a charter of Richard the first Know ye that we have given and by this present charter confirm'd to Theobald Walter for his homage and service all Agmondernes with all other appurtenances thereunto c. This soil bears oats pretty well but is not so good for barley it makes excellent pasture especially towards the Sea where it is partly champain whence a great part of it is call'd the File 〈…〉 as one would guess for the Feild Yet in the records of the tower it is express'd by the latin word Lima which signifies a File a Smith's Instrument wherewith iron or other things are polish'd In other places it is fenny and therefore counted less wholsom The Wyr a little river which comes from Wierdale a solitary and dismal place touches here as it runs along in a swift stream and passes by Grenhaugh-castle Grenhaugh castle built by Thomas Stanley the first Earl of Derby of that family while he was under apprehension of danger from certain of the nobility outlaw'd in this County whose estates had been given him by Henry the 7th for they made several attempts upon him frequently making inroads into his grounds till at last these feuds were wisely quieted by the moderation of this excellent person In many places along this coast there are heaps of sand b Mr. Ray Northern words p. 20â— has given us an account of the manner of making salt of sea-sand in this County upon which they now and then pour water A new way of making Salt till they grow saltish and then with a hot turf-fire they boil it into a white salt Here are also some deceitful and voracious sands they call them quick-sands Quicksands so dangerous to travellers who when the tide is out take the shortest cut that they ought to use great care lest as Sidonius expresses it they sink and are shipwrack d in their travels by land especially near the mouth of the Cockar where in a field of quicksands if I may so say stands Cockarsand-Abbey Syrticus Ager formerly a small Monastery of the Cluniacks founded by Ranulph de Meschines It lies expos'd to the winds situated between the mouth of the Cockar and the Lune commonly call'd the Lone with a large prospect into the Irish sea The Lone commonly Lune Lune riv which has its rise among the mountains of Westmoreland runs southward in a crooked chanel bank'd so as that the current of the water is much hinder'd To the great gain of those that live thereabouts it affords store of Salmon Salmon in the summer time for this sort of Fish taking great delight in clear water and particularly in sandy fords comes up in great shoals into this and the other rivers on this coast As soon as it enters Lancashire the Lac a little river joyns it from the east Here at present stands Over-burrow Over burrow a small country village but that it was formerly a great city taking up a large plot of ground between the Lac and the Lone and was forc'd to surrender by the utmost misery of a siege and famine I learnt from the inhabitants who have it by a tradition handed down from their Ancestors The place it self shews its own antiquity by many old monuments inscriptions upon stones chequer'd pavements and Roman coins as also by this its modern name which signifies a Burrow If it ever recover its ancient name it must owe it to others and not to me tho' I have sought it with all the diligence I could And indeed one is not to imagine that the particular names of every place in Britain is to be found in Ptolemy Antoninus the Notitia and in Classick Authors If a man might have the liberty of a conjecture I must confess I should take it to be Bremetonacum Bremetonacum which was a distinct place from Brementuracum as Jerom Surita a Spaniard in his notes upon Antoninus very reasonably supposes upon the account of its distance from Coccium or Riblechester From this Burrough the river Lone runs by Thurland-Tunstalls a fort built in Henry the fourth's time by Sir Thomas Tunstall Knight the King having granted him leave to fortifie and kernel his mansion that is What it is to kernel to embattel it and then by Hornby a fine castle Hornby-castle which glories in its founder N. de Mont Begon and in its Lords the Harringtons and the Stanleys Barons de Monte Aquilae or Mont-Eagle Barons Monteagle descended from Thomas Stanley first Earl of Derby 6 And advanc'd to that title by K. Henr. 8. William Stanley the third and last of these left Elizabeth his only daughter and heir marry'd to Edward Parker Lord Morley She had a son William Parker who was restor'd by King James to the honour of his ancestors the Barony of Mont-Eagle and must be acknowledged by us and our posterity to have been born for the good of the whole Kingdom for by an obscure letter privately sent him and produc'd by him in the very nick of time Gun powder-plot the most hellish and detestable treason that wickedness it self could project was discover'd and prevented when the Kingdom was in the very brink of ruin for some of that wicked gang under the execrable masque of Religion stood ready to blow up their King and Country in a moment having before planted a great quantity of Gun-powder under the Parliament-house for that purpose The Lone after it has gone some miles further sees Lancaster on the south side of it the chief town of this county which the inhabitants more truly call c This is its name in all the North part of England Loncaster Lancaster and the Scots Loncastell from the river Lon. Both its name at this day and the river under it in a manner prove it to be the Longovicum wâ—ere under the Lieutenant of Britain as the Notitia informs us a Company of the Longovicarians who took that name from the place kept gaâ—â—ison Thoâ— at present the town is not populous and the inhabitants thereof are all husbandmen for the grounds about it are well cultivated open flourishing and woody enough yet in proof of its Roman antiquity they sometimes meet with coins of the Emperors especially where the Fryers had their cloyster for there as they report stood the marks of an ancient city which the Scots in a sudden inroad in the year 1322 wherein
head of James that heroick Earl of Derby cut off at Bolton in this County October 15. 1651. by the prevailing power of the Parliament Near Lathom-park in the grounds of the Earl of Derby there is a mineral-water or spaw as deeply impregnated with the Iron and Vitriol minerals as any either in this County or Yorkshire The want of convenient Lodging and other accommodations make it less frequentâ—d but 't is certain it has done some notable cures one particularly which an ingenious Gentleman of this County affirms upon his own certain knowledge to have been one of the greatest and quickest that ever he knew done by any such water i In Haigh Hâ—igh near Wiggin in the grounds of Sir Roger Bradshaigh there are very plentiful and profitable mines of an extraordinary Coal Besides the clear flame it yeilds in burning it has been curiously polish'd into the appearance of black marble and fram'd into large Candlesticks Sugar-boxes Spoons with many other such sorts of vessels which have been presented as curiosities and met with very good acceptance both in London and beyond sea North from hence lyes Whittle Whittle near Chorley where in the grounds of Sir Richard Standish a mine of lead has been lately found and wrought with good success possibly the first that has been wrought in this County And near the same place is a plentiful quarry of Mill-stones no less memorable than those mention'd by our Author in the Peake of Derby Within a mile and a half of Wiggin is a Well Bâ—rning-Well which does not appear to be a spring but rather rain-water At first sight there 's nothing about it that seems extraordinary but upon emptying it there presently breaks out a sulphureous vapour which makes the water bubble up as if it boyl'd A Candle being put to it it presently takes fire and burns like brandy The flame in a calm season will continue sometimes a whole day by the heat whereof they can boyl eggs meat c tho' the water it self be cold By this bubbling the water does not encrease but is only kept in motion by the constant Halitus of the vapours breaking out The same water taken out of the Well will not burn as neither the mud upon which the Halitus has beat k Of the plant call'd Clowdesbery mention'd by our Author I have the following account from Mr. Nicollon Some of our Botanists have given it the name of Vaccinia nubis but the more common and better is Chamaemorus for 't is a dwarf-mulberry It is not peculiar to Pendle-hill but grows plentifully on the boggy tops of most of the high mountains both in England and Scotland In Norway also and other Northern Countries it is plentiful enough Instead of Gerard's mistaken name of Clowdberry the Northern peasants call it Cnout-berry and have a tradition that the Danish King Knute being God knows when distress'd for some time in these wasts was reliev'd by feeding upon these dainties I know not whether it will countenance the story to observe that this King's name is in our ancient Records †See Selden's Titles of Honour p. 501. sometimes written Knout But this berry is not the only edible that bears his name to this day for in this County 't is said they have a bird of a luscious taste ‖ Drayt. Poly olb p. 112. which in remembrance of King Cnute they call the Knot-bird l Next we come to the north side the scanty account whereof given by our Author is here supply'd mostly by the informations of the worshipful Sir Daniel Flemming of Ridal in Westmorland a great ornament to his Country and very well verst in the subject of Antiquities As the Island Foulney is so call'd from the great store of Fowl usually there so may this whole tract he nam'd Furness Furness or Fournage from the many Furnaces therein in old time as the Rents and Services paid for them do testifie For many Tenants in this County still pay a Rent call'd Bloom Smithy-Rent The 3 Sands Sands are very dangerous to Travellers both by reason of the uncertainty of the Tides which are quicker and flower according as the winds blow more or less from the Irish-sea and also of the many quick-sands caus'd principally by much rainy weather Upon which account there is a guide on horse-back appointed to each Sand for the direction of such persons as shall have occasion to pass over and each of the three has a yearly Salary paid him out of his Majesty's revenue Windermere Charr s. See the Additions to Westmorland m The greatest Lake in those parts is Winander-mere wherein the Charr mention'd by our Author is a sort of golden Alpine Trout and to be had in other of our Northern Lakes as Ulles-water Butter-meer c. as well as here They have also the same fish in some parts of North-Wales where 't is call'd Tor-goch or Red-belly Where our Author had the story of Eathred is hard to guess it is probable Roger Hovden was his Author who possibly is the only Historian that mentions it However it does not look very plausible for this Eathred or Ethelred was himself King Aelfwold's son Gleston n Within the Manour of Aldingham is Gleston-Castle which has been very large and firm having four strong towers of a great height besides many other buildings with very thick walls To observe it here once for all many persons of quality especially towards Scotland had either Castles or Towers to dwell in to defend themselves and their Tenants from the inroads of the Scots Anciently they had their houses kernell'd fortify'd or embattel'd and divers Commissions have been awarded in pursuance of the Stat. 2 and 3 P. M cap. 1. unto certain persons to enquire what and how many Castles Fortresses c. have been decay'd what are fit to be re-edify'd and how many new ones necessary to be erected This of Gleston is seated in a fertile vale amongst rich meadows and shelter'd from the Sea by fruitful hills all which render it one of the most pleasant seats in this Country o Hard by Dudden-sands is Kirkby-Ireleth Kâ—rby-Iâ—eleth the Manour-house whereof Kirkby-Cross-house so call'd from a Cross plac'd before the gates the top of which was broke off as 't is said by Archbishop Sandys's order is a stately seat giving name to the Kirkbys who have been Lords of it ever since the Conquest the present owner is Colonel Roger Kirkby Near the river Dudden lyes Broughton Broughton formerly the chief seat of a family of that name till in the reign of Henry 7. it was forfeited for Treason by Sir Thomas Broughton Knight who then took part with the counterfeit Plantagenet that landed in Fourness And here it may not be improper to observe a mistake in the History of that King's reign where 't is affirm'd that Sir Tho. Broughton was slain at Stokefield whereas in truth he escap'd from that battel to
aa They are not both in this river but one in this and the other in the river Betham above Milchorp and has upon its Western bank a very populous town call Candale 1 Or Kâ—ndale or Kirkby-Candale i.e. a Church in the valley upon Can. It has two Streets crossing each other is very eminent for the woollen manufacture and the industry of the inhabitants who trade throughout all England with their woollen cloath Their greatest honour is 〈…〉 that Barons and Earls have taken their titles from the place The Barons were of the family of Ivo Taleboys of whose posterity William by consent of King Henry the second call'd himself William of Lancaster His 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 niece and heir was marry'd to Gilbert son of Roger Fitz-Reinfrid by whose daughters upon the death of William his son the estate came to Peter Brus the second Lord of Skelton of that Christian-name and William Lindsay from whom on the mother's side Ingelram Lord of Coucy in France 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 deriv'd his pedigree as I understood by the History of Fourness-Abbey By the daughter of this Peter Brus sister and heiress to Peter Brus the third the Barony descended to the Rosses of Werke and from them the honour was devolv'd hereditarily upon the Parrs 2 Of whom Sir William Parr was made Lord Par by King Henry 8. whose Castle over against the town is ready to drop down with age It has had three Earls 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 John Duke of Bedford advanc'd to that honour by his brother King Henry the fifth John Duke of Somerset and John de Foix descended from the noble family of the Foix in France whom King Henry the sixth rais'd to that dignity for his faithful service in the French wars Upon which account possibly it is that some of this family of Foix in France have still the sirname of Kendal c I know no other piece of Antiquity that Kendal can boast of Once indeed I was of opinion that it was the old Roman station Concangii but time has inform'd me better d 〈…〉 Lower in the river Can there are two Water-falls where the water is tumbled headlong with a hideous noise one at a little village call'd Levens another more Southward near Betham From these the neighbours draw certain prognostications of the weather for when the Northern one has a clear sound they promise themselves fair weather but when the Southern rain and mists And thus much of the Southern and more narrow part of this County bounded on the West with the river Winster and the spacious Lake mention'd but now call'd Winander-mere and on the east with the river Lone or Lune At the upper corner of this Lake Winander-mere Ambleside lyes the carcass as it were of an ancient City with large ruins of walls and scatter'd heaps of rubbish without the walls The Fort has been of an oblong figure fortify'd with a ditch and rampire in length 132 Ells and in breadth 80. That it was a work of the Romans the British bricks the mortar temper'd with small pieces of bricks the little Urns or Pots the Glass Vials the Roman Coins commonly met with the round stones like Mill-stones of which †Coagmentatis soder'd together they us'd formerly to make Pillars and the pav'd ways leading to it are all an undeniable Evidence But the old name is quite lost unless one should imagine from the present name Ambleside that this was the Amboglana Ambolgana mention'd by the Notitia e Towards the East the river Lone is the limit and gives its name to the adjoyning tract Lonsdale i.e. a vale upon the Lone the chief town whereof is Kirkby Lonsdale whither the neighbouring Inhabitants resort to Church and Market Above the head of the Lone the Country grows wider and the Mountains shoot out with many windings and turnings between which there are here and there exceeding deep vallies and several places hollow'd like so many deep or caves f The noble river of Eden Eden call'd by Ptolemy Ituna Ituâ—a b It arises in Westmorland at a place call'd Hugh seat Morvil or Hugh Morvil's hill from one of that name sometimes Lord of Westmorland Out of the same hill there run two other great rivers on Yorkshire-side Eure and Swale rising in Yorkshire has at first only a small stream but increasing gradually by the confluence of several little rivers seeks a passage through these Mountains to the North-west by Pendragon-Castle c See Skipton in the Additions to the West-Riding of Yorkshire to which age has left nothing but the name and a heap of great stones g Then it runs by Wharton-hall the seat of the Barons of Wharton Wharton-hall Lords Wharton the first whereof was 3 Sir Thomas Wharton Thomas advanc'd to that honour by King Henry the Eighth To him succeeded his son of the same name who was succeeded by Philip the present Lord a person of great honour h Next by Kirby-Stephen or Stephen's Church a noted market and so by two little villages call'd Musgrave Musgrave that gave name to the warlike family of the Musgraves i of which Thomas Musgrave in the time of Edward the third was summon'd to Parliament among the Barons their seat was Heartly-Castle Heartly-Castle hard by Here the Eden as it were stops its course that it may receive some rivulets upon one of which scarce two miles from Eden it self stood Verterae Verterae an ancient town mention'd by Antoninus and the Notitia From the latter of these we learn that in the decline of the Roman Empire a Praefect of the Romans quarter'd there with a band of the Directores Now the town it self is dwindl'd into a little village defended with a small Fort and its name pass'd into Burgh Burgh under Stane-more Veget. l 4. c. 10. for it is call'd Burgh under Stane-more i.e. a Burrow under a stony Mountain Under the later Emperours to observe it once for all the little Castles which were built for the emergent occasions of war and stor'd with provisions began to be call'd Burgi a new name which after the translation of the Empire into the East the Germans and others seem to have taken from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And hence the Burgundians have their name from inhabiting the Burgi Orosius for so that age call'd the Dwellings planted at a little distance one from another along the Frontiers I have read nothing of it but that in the beginning of the Norman Government 4 The Northern English the English form d a Conspiracy here against William the Conquerour I durst almost affirm that this Burgh was the old Verterae both because the distance on one side from Levatrae and on the other from Brovonacum if resolv'd into Italian miles does exactly agree with the number assign'd by Antoninus and also because a Roman military way still visible by its high ridge or
this day call it Bulness â—ess and tho' it is but a very small village yet has it a Fort â—imenâ— and as a testimony of its antiquity besides the tracks of streets and pieces of old walls it has a harbour now choakt up and they tell you that there was a pav'd Cawsey ran all along the shore from hence as far as Elenborrow h A mile beyond this as appears by the Foundations at low water begins the Picts-wall that famous work of the Romans formerly the bound of the Province and built to keep out the Barbarians who in those parts were as one expresses it continually * Circumlatraverunt barking and snarling at the Roman Empire I was amaz'd at first why they should be so careful to fortifie this place when 't is fenc'd by a vast arm of the Sea that comes up some eight miles but now I understand how at low-water 't is so shallow that the Robbers and Plunderers made nothing of fording it That the figure of the Coast hereabouts has been alter'd appears plainly from roots of Trees cover'd over with Sand at a good distance from the shore which are commonly discover'd when the Tide is driven back by the violence of Winds I know not whether it be worth the while to observe what the Inhabitants tell you of Subterraneous Trees without boughs Trees under ground they very commonly dig up discovering them by the Dew 10 In Summer which never lyes upon the ground that covers them Upon the same Friths a little more inward is Drumbough-Castle of late times the possession of the Lords of Dacre but formerly a Station of the Romans Some will have it the Castra Exploratorum but the distances will by no means allow it There was also another Roman Station which by a change of the name is at present call'd e To distinguish it from Burgh under Stane-more in Westmoreland Burgh upon Sands Burgh upon Sands 1307. from whence the neighbouring tract is call'd the Barony of Burgh This by Meschines Lord of Cumberland was bestow'd upon Robert de Trivers from whom it came to the * The Morvils call'd de Burgh super Sabulones Lib. Inq. Morvills the last of whom Hugh left a daughter who by her second husband Thomas de Molton had Thomas Molton Lord of this place and father of that Thomas who by marriage with the heir of Hubert de †Vaulx Vallibus joyn'd Gillesland to his other possessions all which were carry'd by Mawd Molton to Ranulph de Dacre But this little Town is noted for nothing more than the untimely death of King Edward the first Edw. 1. after he had triumph'd over his enemies round about him He was a Prince exceeding famous in whose valiant breast God as it were pitcht his Tent and as by courage and wisdom so also by a gracefulness and stateliness of body rais'd him to the very highest pitch of Majesty Providence exercis'd his youth with constant wars and difficulties of State to fit him for the Government which after he came to it he so manag'd by conquering the Welsh and subduing the Scots that he deserves the Character of one of the greatest Ornaments of Britain i The Inhabitants say that under this Burgh in the very aestuary there was a Sea-fight between the Scotch and English and that ‖ Reverso aestu when the Tide was out it was manag'd by the Horse which seems no less strange than what Pliny relates not without great admiration of such another place in Caramania This aestuary is call'd by both Nations Solway-Frith Solway-Frith from Solway a Town of the Scots that stands upon it But Ptolemy names it more properly Ituna for the Eiden a very considerable river Ituna Eiden river which winds along Westmoreland and the inner parts of this County falls into it with a vast body of waters Hist Mailros still remembring what rubs and stops the carcasses of the Scots gave it in the year 1216. after it had dâ—own'd them with their loads of English spoils and swallow'd up that plundering Crew The Ituna or Eiden assoon as it enters this County receives from the west the river Eimot flowing out of the Lake call'd Ulse or Ulse-water which I mention'd before Near its bank upon the little river Dacor is f Here is a Castle standing which formerly has been a magnificent building and a seat of the family but there are no remains of a Monastery nor does it appear by any Records to have been standing since the Conquest Dacre-Castle Dacre noted in latter ages for giving name to the family of the Barons de Dacre â—arons Dacre and mention'd by Bede for having a Monastery in his time as also by Malmesbury for being the place where Constantine King of the Scots and Eugenius King of Cumberland put themselves and their Kingdoms under the protection of King Athelstan k Somewhat higher at a little distance from the confluence of Eimot and Loder at which is the round trench call'd King Arthur's Table stands Penrith which implies in British a red hill or head for the ground hereabouts and the stone of which it is built are both reddish 'T is commonly call'd Perith Perith. and is a noted little market town fortify'd on the west-side with a Royal Castle which in the reign of Henry 6. g It is now in ruins and was never repair'd out of the ruins of Maburg nor was that ever a Roman Fort but a Danish Temple This is very obvious to a curious eye and will be shewn at large in Mr. Nicolson's History of the Kingdom of Northumberland Part 6. was repair'd out of the ruins of Maburg a Roman Fort hard by It is adorn'd with a pretty handsome Church l has a large Market-place with a Town-house of wood for the convenience of the Market-people which is beautify'd with Bearâ— climbing up a ragged staff the Device of the Earls of Warwick Formerly it belong'd to the Bishops of Durham but when Anthony Becc Bishop of this See was grown haughty and insolent by his great wealth Edward the first as we read in the book of Durham took from him Werk in Tividale Perith and the Church of Simondburne For the benefit of the Town W. Strickland Bishop of Carlisle descended from a famous family in those parts did at his own proper charges draw a Chanel or water-course from h This is a Rill falling from the Peat-Mosses in the Fells about Graystock from whence it has its name Peterill or the Little-river Petre. Upon the bank of this lay Plompton-park very large Call'd oâ—â—â— Haâ—a de Plompten and formerly set apart by the Kings of England for the keeping of Deer but by King Henry 8. with greater prudence planted with houses being almost in the frontiers between England and Scotland m Near this I saw several remains of a demolish'd City which for its nearness to Perith they call Old Perith
but I should rather take it to be the Petrianae For that the Ala Petriana Petriana was quarter'd here is plain from the fragment of an old Inscription which one Vlpius Trajanus ‖ Emeritus a pensionary of the same Ala Petriana set up But take this and some others which I copy'd out here GADVNO VLP TRAI EM AL. PET MARTIVS * Hâ—ply Faciendum procuraviâ— F P. C. ' D M. AICETVOS MATER VIXIT * Annot. A XXXXV ET LATTIO FIL-VIX A XII LIMISIVS CONIV ET FILIAE PIENTISSIMIS POSVIT D M FL MARTIO SEN IN * Possibly in Cohorte C CARVETIOR QVESTORIO VIXIT AN XXXXV MARTIOLA FILIA ET HERES PONEN * Duâ— CVRAVIT DM CROTILO GERMANVS VIX ANIS XXVI GRECA VIX ANIS IIII VINDICIANVS * Fratri filiae Titulum posuit FRA. ET FIL. TIT. PO. After Eden has receiv'd the Eimot n it hastens to the north along by little inconsiderable villages and Forts to the two Salkelds At Little Salkeld there is a circle of stones 77. in number each ten foot high and before these at the entrance is a single one by it self fifteen foot high This the common people call Long-Megg and the rest her daughters and within the circle are hh The heaps of stones in the middle of this monument are no part of it but have been gather'd off the plough'd-lands adjoyning and as in many other parts of the County have been thrown up here together in a waste corner of the field Both this and Rolrich-stones in Oxfordshire may seem to be monuments erected at the solemn Investiture of some Danish Kings and of the same kind as the Kongstolen in Denmark and Moresteen in Sweeden Whereof the Reader may see Discourses at large in Wormius's Mon. Dan. lib. 1. cap. 12. S. J. Steph. Not. ad Sax. Gram. p. 29. Messen Paraph. Theat Nobil Suec p. 108. and our Countryman Dr. Plot 's History of Oxfordshire p. 336 337 c. two heaps of stones under which they say there are dead bodies bury'd And indeed 't is probable enough that this has been a monument erected in memory of some victory From thence the Eden passes by Kirk-Oswald Kirk-Oswald dedicated to S. Oswald formerly the possession of that 11 Sir Hugh Hugh Morvil who with his Accomplices kill'd Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury in memory of which fact the sword he then us'd was preserv'd here for a long time then by Armanthwayte Armanthwayte the Castle of the Skeltons and Corby Câ—rby-Castle a Castle of the noble and ancient family of the Salkelds which was much enrich'd by marriage with the heir of Rosgil then by Wetherall Wetheraâ—â— formerly a little monastery belonging to the Abbey of S. Mary in York where one sees i These Caves are in a rock of difficult access two Rooms one within the other of about five or six yards square each They seem to have been cut out for some Hermits to lodge in being near the Abbey a sort of houses dug out of rock that seem to have been design'd * In pâ— gii 〈◊〉 Viroâ—iâ—â— for an absconding place 12 In this dangerous Country next by Warwic which I take to be the old Virosidum where the sixth Cohort of the Nervii formerly kept garison along the Wall against the Picts and Scots In the last age there was built here a very strong stone-bridge at the expence of the Salkelds and Richmonds And so by Linstoc Linstoc a castle of the Bishops of Carlisle within the Barony of Crosby Crosby which Waldeve son of Earl Gospatrick and Lord of Allerdale gave to the Church of Carlisle The present name I fancy is contracted from Olenacum For that Olenacum Olenacâ—â— where the Ala prima Herculea lay in garison against the Barbarians seems to have been along the Wall And now Eden ready to fall into the Aestuary receives two little rivers almost at the same place Peterill and Caude which from the south keep all along at an equall distance Upon the Peterill beside the Perrianae already spoken of is Greystock â—â—eystock the Castle of a family which has been long famous deriving its original from one Ralph Fitz-Wolter Of whose posterity William de Greystock marry'd Mary daughter and coheir of Roger de Merley Lord of Morpath He had a son John who having no issue got leave of King Edward 1. to make over his estate to his 〈…〉 Cousin Ralph de Granthorpe son of William whose posterity for a long time flourish'd here in great honour 13 With the title of Lord Greystock But about the reign of Henry 7. that family ended and the estate came by marriage to the Barons of Dacre the heirs general of the last of whom were marry'd to 14 Philip Earl of Arundel and Lord William Howard two sons of Thomas Howard late Duke of Norfolk o Near the Caude besides the Copper-mines â—â—pper-â—â—nes at Caudebeck is Highyate a Castle of the Richmonds p and a beautiful Castle of the Bishops of Carlisle call'd The Rose-Castle this seems to have been the old Congavata â—â—ngavata where the second Cohoâ—t of the Lergi were quarter'd for Congavata signifies in British a vale upon the Gavata now contracted into Cauda But I have not yet been able to mark out the express place where it was seated q Between the confluence of those rivers 〈◊〉 the ancient City Carlile has a delicate pleasant situation bounded on the north with Eden â—â—en on the east with Peterill and on the west with Caude Also besides these natural fences it is arm'd with a strong stone wall a castle and a citadel 'T is of an oblong form from west to east upon the west is a pretty large castle which by the Arms appears to have been k It might be repair'd by Rich. 3. tho' 't is very improbable considering the affairs of his Reign but 't is certain it was built by Will 2. some hundred years before built by Rich. 3. Almost in the middle of the city stands the Cathedral Church the upper part whereof being newer is a curious piece of Workmanship l The Lower W. part is the Parochial-Church and as old as S. Cuthbert or Walter who came in with the Conquerour was a Commander in his Army rebuilt the City founded a Priory and turning Religious became himself the first Prior of it The Chancel was built by Contribution A. D. 1350 1 2 3 c. The Belfrey was rais'd and the Bells plac'd in it at the charge of William de Strickland Bishop A. D. 1401. but the lower is much more ancient On the east it is defended with a Citadel very strong and fortify'd with â—â—griis â—â—agnaâ—â—â— several Orillons or Roundels built by K. Hen. 8. The Romans and Britains call'd this City Lugu-ballum â—â—gu-â—â—â—lum and Lugu-vallium or Lugu balia the Saxons as Bede witnesses Luel Ptolemy as some
and Darwent and also in these five Townships Brigham Eglysfeld Dene Brainthwaite and Grisothen and in the two Clistons and Staneburne He infeoffed also Odardus le Clerk in the fourth part of Crostwaite pro Custodia Asturcorum c Austurcorum MS. B. suorum i.e. for keeping his Goshawkes Galfridus de Meschins Earl of Chester dy'd without issue and thereupon Ranulphus de Meschins became Earl of Chestre and surrender'd to the King all the County of Cumberland on this condition That all those that held Lands of him in Fee should hold of the King in Capite The foresaid Waldevus son of Earl Gospatricius infeoffed Odardus de Logis in the Barony of Wygton Dondryt Waverton Blencogo and Kirkbride which Odardus de Logis founded the Church of Wygton and gave to Odardus son of Liolfe Tulentyre and Castlerige with the Forest between Caltre and Greta and to the Prior and Convent of Gisburne he gave Appleton and Bricekirk with the Advowson of the Church there He gave also to Adam son of Liolfe Uldendale and Gilcruce and to Gemellus son of Brun Bothill and to Waldevus son of Gileminius with Ethreda his sister he gave Brogham Ribton and Litle Brogham and Donwaldese and Bowaldese ad unam Logiam for a Lodge or House for a Ranger He gave also to Ormus son of Ketellus Seton Camberton Flemingbi Craiksothen in marriage with Gurwelda his sister And to Dolfinus son of Abwaldus with Matilda another sister he gave Appletwhaite and Litle Crosby Langrige and Brigham with the Advowson of the Church there He gave also to Melbeth his Physician the Town of Bromefeld saving to himself the Advowson of the Church there Alanus son and heir of the said Waldevus gave to Ranulphus Lyndsey Blenerhasset and Ukmanby with Ethereda his sister To Uthrdeus son of Fergus Lord of Galloway in marriage with Gurnelda d Gunilda MS. B. his other sister he gave Torpenhow with the Advowson of the Church there He gave also to Catellus de Spenser e Le Despenser MS. B. Threpeland He gave also to Herbert the Manour of Thuresby for the third part of a Township He gave also to Gospatricius son of Ormus High Ireby for the third part of a Township He gave also to Gamellus le Brun f Isal Rugh MS. B. Rughtwaite for a third part of a Township He gave also to Radulphus Engaine Issael with the Appurtenances and Blencrake with the Service of Newton And the same Alanus had one Bastard-brother nam'd Gospatricius to whom he gave Boulton Bastinthwaite and Esterholme And to Odardus he gave Newton with the Appurtenances And to his three Huntsmen Sleth g Selif MS. B. and his Companions Hayton To Uctredus he gave one Carrucat of Land in Aspatrike on condition that he should be his Summoner Summonitor in Allerdale He gave also to Delfinus six Bovates or Oxgang of Land in High-Crossby that he should be Serviens D. Regis the King's Serjeant in Allerdale And to Simon de Shestelyngs he gave one Moiety of Deram And to Dolfinus son of Gospatricius the other Moiety He gave also to Waldevus son of Dolfinus Brakanthwaite And to the Priory of S. Bega he gave Stainburne And to the Priory of Carliol he gave the body of Waldevus his son with the Holy Cross which they have yet in possession and Crossby with the Advowson of the Church there with the Service that Uctredus owed him and also the Advowson of the Church of Aspatrike with the Service of Alanus de Brayton He gave them also the Advowson of the Church of Ireby with the Suit and Service of Waldevus de Langthwaite The same Alanus son of Waldevus gave to King Henry h D. H. Regi Seniori MS. B. the Fields of the Forest of Allerdale with liberty to hunt whenever he should lodge at Holme-Cultrane To this Alanus succeeded William son of Duncane Earl of Murrayse Nephew and Heir to the said Alanus as being son to Ethreda sister to his father Waldevus The foresaid William son of Duncanus espoused Alicia daughter of Robert de Rumeney Lord of Skipton in Craven which Robert had married a daughter of Meschins i Willielmi de Meschins MS. B. Lord of Coupland This William had by this Alicia his wife a son call'd William de Egremond who dy'd under age and three daughters The eldest nam'd Cicilia k Seff MS. B. and Silitia being a Ward was married by King Henry to William le Gross Earl of Albemarle with the Honour of Skipton for her Dower The second nam'd Amabilla was married to Reginald de Luce with the Honour of Egremond by the same King Henry And the third nam'd Alicia de Romelic was married to Gilbert Pipard with Aspatrike and the Barony of Allerdale and the Liberty of Cokermouth by the said King Henry and afterwards by the Queen to Robert de Courtney but she dy'd without heirs of her body William le Gross Earl of Albemarlie had by his wife Cicilia Harwisia l Hatewisia to whom succeeded William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarlie to whom succeeded another William de Fortibus to whom succeeded Avelina who was espoused to Lord Edmond brother to King Edward and dy'd without heirs c. Reginald de Luce by Amabilla his wife had m Richardum de Lucy Amabillum Aliciam Alicia To Amabilla succeeded Lambert de Multon To him succeeded Thomas Multon de Egremond And to Alicia succeeded Thomas de Luce n Quae sequuntur desunt MS. B. to whom succeeded Thomas his son who was succeded by Anthony his Brother More rare Plants growing wild in Westmoreland and Cumberland Lan. Eruca Monensis laciniata lutea Jagged yellow Rocket of the Isle of Man In Sella fields Sea-bank found growing abundantly by Mr. Lawson Echium marinum P. B. Sea-Bugloss On the Sea-shore near White-haven plentifully Mr. Newton W. Gladiolus lacustris Dortmanni Clus cur post Water Gilly-flower or Gladiole In the Lake call'd Hulls-water which parteth Westmoreland and Cumberland Orobus sylvaticus nostras English Wood-vetch At Gamblesby about six miles from Pereth in the way to New-castle in the hedges and pastures plentifully Vitis Idaea magna quibusdam sive Myrtillus grandis J. B. Idaea foliis subrotundis exalbidis C.B. Idaea foliis subrotundis major Ger. Vaccinai nigra fructu majore Park The great Bilberry-bush In the same place with the precedent but where the ground is moist and marshy An Additional account of some more rare Plants observ'd to grow in Westmoreland and Cumberland by Mr. Nicolson Arch-deacon of Carlisle Cannabis spuria fl magno albo perelegante About Blencarn in the parish of Kirkland Cumberland Equisetum nudum variegatum minus In the meadows near Great Salkeld and in most of the like sandy grounds in Cumberland Geranium Batrachoides longiùs radicatum odoratum In Mardale and Martindale Westm Hesperis Pannonica inodora On the banks of the Rivulets about Dalehead in Cumberland and Grassmire im Westmoreland
Iveragh and Dunkerran In this Castle dwelt Donald Mac Carty More a petty King of Irish descent who in the year 1566. resigned his estate to Queen Elizabeth and had it restored to hold of her after the English manner by fealty and homage At the same time he was created Baron of Valentia â—â—ron of 〈◊〉 â—â—â—l of â—â—â—ncar an Island adjoyning and Earl of Clan-car being a man eminent and of great power in these parts and formerly a bitter enemy of the Fitz-Giralds who dispossest his Ancestors Kings as he pretended of Desmond their antient seat and inheritance He enjoyed not this honour very long having but one daughter legitimate whom he married to Florence Mac Carty and lived to be very old â—â—ve The second Promontory lying in the middle between two Bays the Maire and the Bantre is called the b A ridge of hills running through this Promontory makes the bounds betwâ—en the Counties of Coâ—k and Kerry That part on the North side is the Barony of Glanerough in the County of Kerry that on the Sâ—uth is the half Barony of Bear in â—he County of Cork to which the half Barony of Bantry joyns Beare the soil of which is a hungry gravel mixt with stones where lives O Swillivant O Swilliâ—ant Beare and O Swilivant Bantre both of the same family and men very eminent in these parts The third named c This third Promontoâ—y is at this day part of the Barâ—ny of West-Caâ—bâ—y in the County of Cork Eraugh lyes between Bantre and Balatimore or Baltimore a Bay famous for the many herrings took in it and yearly visited by a Fleet of Spaniards and Portuguese in the very middle of winter â—â—ahâ—ns to fish for Codd In this the O Mahons had great possessions bestowed upon them by M. Carew This is that Promontory which Ptolemy calls Notium The Promontory Notium or the South-Promontory at this day Missen-head under which as we may see in him the river Iernus falls into the sea As for the name it now has Jernus a river I dare hardly in so much darkness pretend to guess at it unless it be that which is now called Maire and runs under Drunkeran aforesaid I am as much at a loss likewise for those people whom Ptolemy places upon these Promontories seeing their name differs in several Copies Iberni Outerni Iberi Iverni unless perhaps they are a Colony of the Iberi in Spain as well as their neighbours the Luceni and Concani were Desmonia was formerly of great extent in these parts even from the sea to the river Shanon and was called South-Mounster The Fitz-Giralds of the family of Kildare having conquer'd the Irish became Lords of very great possessions here Of these Maurice fitz-Fitz-Thomas to whom Thomas Carew heir to the Seigniory of Desmond made over his title was in the third of Edward 3. created Earl of Desmond Earl of Dâ—smond Of the posterity of this Earl many have been rich and valiant and men of great reputation But this glory was and still continues sullied in James who excluding his nephew has forcibly seiz'd the inheritance and impos'd upon the people those grievous tributes of Coyne Livery Cocherings Bonaughty c. for the maintenance of his Triarii and ravenous Soldiers His son Thomas as he exacted the same of the poor people was apprehended by an Order from John Tiptoft Lord Deputy and beheaded in the year 1467. for his own and his father's wickedness However his children were restored and this honour was hereditarily enjoyed by his posterity till Girald's time the rebel before mentioned who being banished by Act of Parliament Desmond was annext to the crown reduced into a county and a Sheriff ordain'd to govern it from year to year 5 Nâ—vâ—rthâ—lâ—ss in thâ— last rebellion the â—â—bels erected a titâ—laâ—â— Earl and against him Queen Elizabeth granted the Title of Earl of Desmond uâ—to J mâ—s Fâ—â—z-Giraâ—d sâ—n to the foresaid â—ebel who shortly after dyed â—ssucless in thâ— year 1601. The most noted and considerable Houses here for interest and riches are those descended from the Fitz-Giralds known by several and distinct names which upon various accounts have been assum'd by them VODIAE or CORIONDI MOre inward beyond the Iberi dwelt the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who are termed also the Vodiae The Vodiae and Udiae some resemblance of which name remains very express and clear in the Territories of Idou and Idouth and of the Coriondi The Coriondi in the County of Cork which borders upon them These people inhabited the Counties of Cork Tipperary Limerick and Waterford Comitatus Corcagiensis commonly The County of Cork THE County of Cork which was formerly a Kingdom and contain'd all that part of the country upon the shore between Lismore and St. d Brandon-hills in Kerry Brend * P rhaps Missâ—n head Muskeray where Westward it faces Desmond has in the midland of it Muskeray a wild and woody country where Cormac Mac Teg is very famous and towards the sea Carbray Carbray where the Mac-Carties are the most considerable The first place we come at upon the Coast is e A Bishop's See united to Cork Ross a road for ships and formerly frequented but now by reason of a ledge of sand across it seldom used From hence there shoots out a narrow neck of land into a peninsula called the old head of Kinsale near which the Curcies heretofore flourished in great wealth descended from a brother of John Curcy an English man that subdued Ulster Of which family here still remains Curcy Baron of f Baron of Kinsale Ringrom Curcy Baron of Ringrom but such is the uncertainty of human affairs poor and of mean fortune After it in a fertile spot upon the mouth of the river g Bandon Bany and withall well enough wooded stands Kinsale Kinsale a commodious port fortified with old walls under which in the year 1601. the Kingdom of Ireland was at stake and put to a fair trial whether it should belong to Spain or England For at that instant the Island was embroiled both with foreign and civil wars and Don John D' Aquila with an Army of 8000 Veteranes had surpriz'd this place and fortified it relying upon the censures and excommunications which Pius 5. Gregory 13. and Clement 8. had thunder'd out against Queen Elizabeth and upon the assistance of those Rebels The Spaniards driven out of Ireland who had sent for them under pretence of establishing their Religion the mask and disguise for all the Villanies of this degenerate age which makes such a scuffle about it In opposition to these 6 Sir Charles Charles Blunt Baron Montjoy Lord Deputy though his Army was harrassed and it was now the winter season besieged the Town by land and sea and at the same time also took the field against those Rebels headed by the Earl of Tir-Oen O Donell Mac Gwyre and Mac Mahound whom
addressed himself thus to him My brother and my Soveraign You know very well that the Kingdom of the Isles was mine by right of inheritance but since God hath made you King over it I will not envy your happiness nor grudge to see the crown upon your head I only beg of you so much land in these Islands as may honorably maintain me for I am not able to live upon the Island Lodhus which you gave me Reginald hearing this told his brother he would take the advice of his Council upon it and the day after when Olave was called in to speak with he was apprehended by Reginald's order and carried to William King of Scotland that he might be there put in prison where he continued in chains for almost seven years For in the seventh year died William King of Scotland and was succeeded by his son Alexander but before his death he commanded that all prisoners whatsoever should be set at at liberty Olave being thus freed came to Man and soon after accompanied with no small train of Nobility went to St. James His brother Reginald made him now marry the daughter of a Nobleman of Kentyre his own wives sister named Lavon and gave him Lodhus to enjoy again But within some few days after Reginald Bishop of the Isles called a Synod and divorced Olave the son of Godred and Lavon his wife as being the Cousin german of his former wife Afterwards Olave married Scristina the daughter of Ferkar Earl of Rosse Reginald's wife Queen of the Islands was so troubled at this news that she sent letters in the name of her husband King Reginald to her son Godred in the Island Sky commanding him to kill Olave As Godred was contriving to execute this order and going to Lodhus for that end Olave got off in a little cock-boat and fled to his father-in-law the Earl of Rosse aforesaid while Godred in the mean time wasted the Island At the same time Pol the son of Boke Sheriff of Sky a man of great interest in all the Islands fled likewise having refused to comply with Godred and lived in the Earl of Ross's house with Olave Making a league with Olave they went together in one vessel to Sky At last they understood by their Spies how he lay unapprehensive and negligent with a very few men in a certain Island called St. Columbs So he gathered his friends and companions together and with such volunteers as would go with him set sail in the middle of the night with five ships drawn together from the opsite shore distant about two furlongs and beset the Island Godred and his companions next morning perceiving themselves enclosed were in great consternation However they took arms and though to no purpose manfully endeavoured to withstand them For Olave and Pol the aforesaid Sheriff landed about nine a clock with their whole army and cut off all they met with those only excepted that had taken sanctuary in the Churches Godred was taken and not only blinded but gelded too However this was against Olave's will for he would have saved him but for Boke's son the Sheriff aforesaid For this was done in the year 1223. Olave having received pledges from the Noblemen of the Isles set sail for Man the next summer with a fleet of thirty two ships and arrived at Rognolfwaht At this very time Reginald and Olave divided the Kingdom of the Isles between them but Reginald was to have Man over and above together with the title of King Olave having now the second time furnished himself with provisions from the Isle of Man returned with his company to his part of the Islands Reginald the year following taking Alan Lord of Gallway along with him went with the people of the Isle of Man to disseise his brother Olave of the lands he had given him and to reduce it under his own dominion But the people of Man being unwilling to fight against Olave and the Islanders by reason of a peculiar kindness between them Reginald and Alan Lord Gallway were forced to return home without effecting any thing A while after Reginald pretending a journey to the Court of his soveraign Lord the King of England raised an hundred marks in contribution from the Island of Man but went however to the Court of Alan Lord of Gallway During his stay there he married his daughter to Alan's son The people of Man received this news with such indignation that they sent for Olave and made him King 1226. Olave recovered his inheritance namely the Kingdom of Man and of the Isles which his brother Reginald had governed for thirty eight years and reigned quietly two years 1228. Olave accompanied with all the Nobility and the greatest part of the people of Man sailed over to the Isles A while after that Alan Lord of Gallway Thomas Earl of Athol and King Reginald came into Man with a great army and there they wasted all the south part of the Island spoiled the Churches and put all the inhabitants they could meet with to death so that the whole was in a manner desolate After Alan had thus ravaged the Country he returned with his army leaving his Bailiffs in Man to collect the tribute of the Country and send it to him King Olave coming upon them at unawares soon put them to flight and recovered his Kingdom Whereupon the people that had been dispersed and scattered began to get together again and to live in their old homes with quietness and security The same year King Reginald came in the dead of night in the winter time with five sail of ships and burnt all the ships that belonged either to his brother Olave or the Nobility of Man the Isle of S. Patrick and tarried forty days after in Ragnoll-wath haven desiring peace of his brother During this abode he won over all the inhabitants of the south part of Man so that they swore they would lose their lives rather than he should not be restored to the half of the Kingdom Olave on the other side had drawn in those of the north part to adhere to him and so upon the fourteenth of February at a place called Tinguall the two brothers came to an engagement wherein Olave had the victory and King Reginald was flain but without the knowledge of Olave About this time certain Pirates arrived at the south part of Man and wasted it The Monks of Ruffin convey'd the Corps of King Reginald to the Abbey of S. Mary de Fournes and there it was buried in a certain place which he himself had before chose for that purpose Olave after this went to the King of Norway but before his arrival Haco King of Norway had appointed a certain Nobleman called Husbac the son of Owmund to be King of the Sodorian Islands and named him Haco This Haco accompanied with Olave Godred Don the son of Reginald and many Norwegians came to the Isles but in taking a certain castle in the Isle of Both he was
that the Ministers read the Scriptures to the people in the Manks language out of the English There have been three Monasteries Thâ— Monasteries in this Isle the chief of which was the Monastery of Russin in Castle-town the common burying-place of the King 's of Man which by the Ruines thereof appears to have been a goodly Fabrick There was also the Priory of Douglas and a house of the Friers Minors at Brinnaken Besides these Monasteries there were several others without the Kingdom upon which the Kings of this Isle conferred titles or lands within the Island as the Priory of St. Bees or de Sancta Bega in Cumberland upon the Abbey of Whittern or Candida Casa in Galloway of Scotland and upon the Abbey of Banchor in Ireland For this cause the Prior and Abbots of these houses were Barons of Man and were obliged to give their attendance as such upon the Kings and Lords thereof when required Mr. Camden's error touching the Bishoprick of Man As to the Bishoprick of Man Mr. Camden saith That it was founded by Pope Gregory the fourth about the year 140. and that the Bishop thereof was named Sodorensis from a little Island near Castletown in the Isle of Man where the Episcopal See was instituted This error of Mr. Camden's is confuted by the authority not only of the Irish and Manks Tradition concerning their first conversion to Christianity but likewise of all the Historians that have wrote the life of St. Patrick who is generally believed to have converted that Island to Christianity They affirm * â—osâ—â—lin vita Pat. c. 92. that St. Patrick having converted the Island about the year 447. left one Germanus Bishop thereof and after his death consecrated two other Bishops to succeed him whose names were Conindrius and Romulus fellow-Bishops and to them succeeded one St. Maughald This is confirmed by the testimony of the learned Antiquary Bishop Usher a Usser antiâ— Br. c. 6. p. 644. Besides these four there is another Bishop of Man mentioned by Boethius b Boeth Hist â—cot p 114. and Hollinshead c Hollâ—sh p. 144. whose name was Conanus and who had been Tutor to Eugenius the fifth King of Scotland who began to reign An. Dom. 684. which was above 130 years before Gregory the fourth sate in St. Peter's Chair So that this Bishoprick appears to be near 4â—0 years of greater antiquity than Mr. Camden makes it These Bishops above named were called Bishops of Man only and not Bishops of Sodor for that Bishoprick was not founded till near 400 years after and the Bishops of Man were never called Bishops of Sodor till after the union of the two Bishopricks Sodor and Man Mr. Camden's mistake may proceed from confounding the Bishopricks of Sodor and Man making them one and the same whereas they were quite distinct The Bishoprick of Sodor was indeed first instituted by Pope Gregory the fourth about the time that Mr. Camden places the foundation of the Bishoprick of Man But it is placed in the Isle Jona or St. Columb's Isle corruptly called Colm-kill a little Island among the Hebrides belonging to Scotland This new erected title of Sodor the Bishops of the Western Isles possessed solely until the year 1098. that King Magnus of Norway conquering the Western Isles and the Island of Man united the two Bishopricks of Sodor and Man which continued so united for the space of 235 years till the English were fully possessed of the Isle of Man in 1333. During this union the Bishops always stiled themselves Bishops of Sodor and Man but before the uniting of the Bishopricks the Bishops of Man were never stiled Bishops of Sodor The Bishops The Bishop of Man were heretofore looked upon as Barons and were always to assist at the Inauguration of a new King or Lord of Man and there to pay their homage to him for the temporalities they enjoyed The Bishop hath his own particular Court where the Deemsters of the Island sit Judges The Bishop himself hath no hand in the assessment of the fines in his own Court yet has he all the fines and perquisites after they are assessed by the Deemsters and other Officers of the Lord's that are present This particular Privilege the Bishop of Man has at this day That if any of his tenants do commit Felony and be brought to the Bar of the Court of the Gaol-delivery with the rest of the Felons before rhe Governor and Deemster the Bishop's Steward may demand the Prisoner from the Bar and he shall have him delivered to be tried at the Bishop's Court. The forfeitures of Lands of any Delinquent holding of the Bishop do belong to him but the Delinquent's goods and person are at the Lord's disposal The Abbots of this Island were allowed the like privileges The Bishop of Man keeps his residence in the village called Bal-Curi The Bishoprick is under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York During the Norwegian Conquest they were under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Norway which is Drontheim When the Bishoprick falls void the Lord of the Island names a Bishop and presents him to the King of England for his Royal Assent and then to the Archbishop of York for his Consecration This Bishop has no voice in the upper house of Parliament but is allowed to sit uppermost in the lower house of Convocation in England The Clergy The Clergy here are generally natives and have had their whole education in the Island They are not any ways taxed with ignorance or debauchery they have all a competent maintenance at least 50 or 60 pounds a year The Ministers who are Natives have always the addition of Sir unless they be Parsons of the Parishes which are but few most of the Parsonages being impropriated to the Lord of the Isle or the Bishop As thus Sir Thomas Parr Minister of Kirk-Malew But if they have the title of Parson then they are only called Mr. as Mr. Robert Parr Parson of St. Mary of Ballaugh * The end of the Additiâ—ns to the Isle of Man FRom Man as far as the Mull of Galloway or the Promontory of the Novantes we meet with none but small and inconsiderable Islands but after we are past that in the Frith of Glotta or Dunbritton-Frith we come to the Isle Glotta The Isle Gâ—oâ—ta mentioned in Antoninus called by the Scots at this day Arran whence the Earls of Arran A ran in that Country take their title And then to a neighbouring Island formerly called Rothesia now Buthe so denominated from a Cell which Brendan built in it for so the word signifies in Scotch After these we arrive at Hellan heretofore Hellan-Leneow that is as Fordon explains the word an Isle of Saints and Hellan Tinoc an Isle of Swine all visible in the same Frith Pag. 913. But of these we have said enough already Beyond this aestuary lye a cluster of Isles which the Scotch inhabitants call Inch-Gall
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Old Time moves slowly though he knows no stay And steals our voices as he creeps away Unseen himself he hides from mortal view Things that are seen and things unseen does shew However I comfort my self with that Distich of Mimnermus which I know by experience to be true 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oblectes animum plebs est morosa legendo Ille benè de te dicet at ille malè E'en rest contented for thou l't ever find Thy labours some will blame and some commend The Preface to the Annals of Ireland AS the Press had got thus far the most honourable William Lord Howard of Naworth out of his great Zeal for promoting the Knowledge of Antiquity communicated to me the Annals of Ireland in MS. reaching from the Year 1152. to the Year 1370. And seeing there is nothing extant that I know of more perfect in this kind since Giraldus Cambrensis and the excellent Owner has given me leave I think it very proper to publish them The World is without doubt as much indebted to the Owner for preserving them as to the Author himself for writing them The Stile is rough and barren according to the Age it was writ in yet the Contents give great Light into the Irish History and would have been helpful to me if I had had the use of them sooner As they are I here present them to the Reader faithfully copied exactly from the Original even with the Errors if he has any thing of this nature more perfect I hope he 'll communicate it if not he must be content with this till some one or other will give us a more compleat account of these Affairs and continue it down to the present Time with mâ—r eleg ance a Work of no great Difficulty THE ANNALS of IRELAND IN the Year of our Lord MCLXII died Gregory the first Archbishop of Dublin a worthy Person in all respects and was succeeded by Laurence O Thothil Abbat of S. Kemnus de Glindelagh a pious Man Thomas was made Archbishop of Canterbury MCLXVI Rothericke O Conghir Prince of Conaught was made King and Monarch of Ireland MCLXVII Died Maud the Empess This Year Almarick King of Jerusalem took Babylon and Dermic Mac Morrogh Prince of Leinster while O Rork King of Meth was employed in a certain expedition carried away his Wife who suffer'd her self to be ravish'd with no great difficulty For she gave him an Opportunity to take her as we find in Cambrensis MCLXVIII Donate King of Uriel founder of Mellifont Abby departed this Life This year Robert Fitz Stephens neither unmindful of his promise nor regardless of his faith came into Ireland with thirty * Militibus Knights MCLXIX Richard Earl of Strogul sent a certain young Gentleman of his own family nam'd Remund into Ireland with ten Knights about the Kalends of May. The same Earl Richard this year attended with about 200 Knights and others to the number of a thousand or thereabouts arriv'd here on S. Bartholomew's eve This Richard was the son of Gilbert Earl of Stroghul that is Chippestow formerly Strogul and of Isabel Aunt by the Mother's side to K. Malcolm and William King of Scotland and Earl David a hopeful man and the morrow after the same Apostle's day they took the said City where Eva Dermick's daughter was lawfully married to Earl Richard and her Father gave her MCLXX. S. Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury suffer'd martyrdom This same year the City of Dublin was taken by Earl Richard and his party and the Abby de Castro Dei i. of God's Castle was founded MCLXXI Died Dermick Mac Morrah of a great age at Fernys about the Calends of May. MCLXXII The Valiant King Henry arriv'd at Waterford with 500 Knights and among other things bestow'd Meth upon * Dominus Sir Hugh Lacy. The Abbey de Fonte vivo was founded this year MCLXXIV Gelasius Archbishop of Armagh the first Primate of Ireland a pious man died at a great age He is said to have â—een the first Archbishop that wore the Pall His Predecessors were only titular Archbishops and Primates in reverence and honour to S. Patrick the Apostle of this Nation whose See was so much esteem'd by all men that not only Bishops and Priests and those of the Clergy submitted themselves to the Bishop but Kings and Princes Gilbert a Prelate of great worth succeeded him in the Archbishoprick MCLXXV William King of Scots was taken prisoner at Alnwick MCLXXVI Bertram Verdon founded the Abbey of Crokesdenne MCLXXVII Earl Richard died at Dublin about the Kalends of May and was buried in Trinity Church there This year Vivian a Cardinal call'd from S. Stephens in the Mount Caellius was sent Legat of the Apostolick See into Ireland by Pope Alexander MCLXXVIII On the ninth of the Kalends of December the Abby de Samaria was founded This same year Rose Vale that is to say Rossglass was founded MCLXXIX Miles Cogan and Ralph the son of Fitz-Stephen his Daughter's Husband were slain between Waterford and Lismore c. as we read in Cambrensis The same year Harvie Mont Marish enter'd into the Monastery of S. Trinity in Canterbury who founded the Monastery of Mary de Portu i.e. of Don Broth. MCLXXX Was founded the Abby of the Quire of Benedict and also the Abby of Geripount This Year Laurence Archbishop of Dublin on the 18th of the Kalends of December died happily in Normandy within the Church of S. Mary of Aux After him succeeded John Cumin an Englishman born at Evesham elected unanimously by the Clergy of Dublin the King himself stickling for him and was confirm'd by the Pope This John built S. Patrick's Church at Dublin MCLXXXIII Was confirm'd the Order of the Templers and Hospitallers and the Abby De Lege Dei was founded MCLXXXV John the King's Son made Lord of Ireland by his father came into Ireland in the 12th year of his age which was the 13th since his father's first coming the 15th since the arrival of Fitz-Stephens and the 14th since the coming of Earl Richard and return'd again in the same 15th year of his Age. MCLXXXVI Was confirm'd the Order of the Carthusians and the Grandians This year Hugh Lacy was kill'd treacherously at Dervath by an Irishman because the said Hugh intended to build a Castle there and as he was shewing an Irishman how to work with a Pick-ax and bow'd himself down forwards the Irishman struck off his Head with an Axe and so the Conquest ended The same year Christian Bishop of Lismore formerly Legat of Ireland who copied those vertues which he had both seen and heard eminent in his pious Father S. Bernard and Pope Eugenius a venerable person with whom he liv'd in the Probatory of of Clareval and by whom he was made Legat of Ireland after his Obedience perform'd in the Monastery of Kyrieleyson happily departed this Life Jerusalem and our Lord's Cross was taken by the Sultan and the Saracens
vincula there was bread made of new wheat and wheat was sold in Dublin for 6 pence a peck Item D. Reimund Archedekin Kt. with many others of his family were kill'd in Leinster MCCCXXXVII On the eve of S. Kalixtus the Pope seven partridges leaving the fields God knows why came directly to Dublin where flying very swiftly over the Market-Place they settled on the â—op of a brew-house which belonged to the Canons of S. Trinity in Dublin Some of the Citizens came running to this sight wondring very much at so strange a thing the Town-boyes caught two of them alive a third they kill'd at which the rest being frightned-mounted in the air by a swift flight and escap'd into the opposite Fields Now what this should portend a thing unheard of before I shall leave to the judgment of the more skilful Item Sir John Charleton Knight and Baron came with his wife children and family Lord Chief Justice of Ireland at the feast of S. Kalixtus the Pope and some of his sons and family died Item The same day came into Dublin haven D. Thomas Charleton Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland with the Chief Justice his Brother Chancellor of Ireland and with them M. John Rees Treasurer of Ireland Mr. in the Decretals besides 200 Welshmen Item Whilst D. John Charleton was Lord Chief Justice and held a Parliament at Dublin Mr. David O Hirraghcy Archbishop of Armagh being called to the Parliament laid in his provisions in the Monastry of S. Mary near Dublin but the Archbishop and his Clerks would not let him keep house there because he would have had his Crosier carried before him Item The same year died David Archbishop of Armagh to whom succeeded an ingenious man M. Richard Fitz-Ralph Dean of Litchfield who was born in Dundalk Item James Botiller the first Earl of Ormond died the 6th of January and was buried at Balygaveran MCCCXXXVIII The Lord John Charleton at the instigation of his Brother the Bishop of Hereford was by the King turn'd out of his place upon which he came back with his whole family into England and the Bishop of Hereford was made Lord Keeper and Chief Justice of Ireland Item Sir Eustace Pover and Sir John Pover his Uncle were by the Justice's order brought up from Munster to Dublin where the third of February they were imprison'd in the Castle Item In some parts of Ireland they had so great a frost that the river Aven-liffie on which the City of Dublin stands was frozen hard enough for them to dance run or play at foot-ball upon and they made wood and turfe fires upon it to broil Herrings The Ice lasted a great while I shall say nothing of the great snow which fell during this frost since the greatness of the depth has made it so remarkable This Frost continued from the second of December till the 10th of February such a season as was never known in Ireland MCCCXXXIX All Ireland was up in Arms. The Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond with the Geraldines who live about Kernige made a great slaughter of the Irish besides 1200 of them who were drown'd in the retreat Item The Lord Moris Fitz-Nicholas Lord of Kernige was by the Lord Moris fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond apprehended and put in prison where he died for want of meat and drink for his allowance was but very little because he had rebell'd with the Irish against the King and the Earl Item A great number of the O Dympcies and other Irish were by the English and the vigorous pursuit of the Earl of Kildare kill'd and drowned in the Barrow Item the latter end of February Thomas Bishop of Hereford and Chief Justice of Ireland with the help of the English of that Country took from the Irish about Odrone such a great booty of all sorts of cattle as has not been seen in Leinster MCCCXL The Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland being commanded home by his Majesty return'd into England the 10th of April leaving Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmainan in his place who died the 13th of February Item The King of England made John Darcy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland for life MCCCXLI In May Sir John Moris came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as Deputy to John Darcy Item In the County of Leinster there happen'd such a strange prodigy as has not been heard of A person travelling along the road found a pair of gloves fit for his hands as he thought but when he put them on he he lost his speech immediately and could do nothing but bark like a dog nay from that moment the men and women throughout the whole County fell into the same condition and the children waughed up and down like whelps This plague continued with some 18 days with others a month and with some for two years and like a contagious distemper at last infected the neighbouring Counties and set them a barking too Item The King of England revok'd all those grants that either he or his Ancestors had made to any in Ireland whether of liberties lands or goods which occasion a general murmur and discontent insomuch that the whole Kingdom grew inclin'd to a revolt Item A Parliament was called by the King's Council to sit in October Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond absented Before this there never was seen so much rancor and division between the English of both Kingdoms at last without asking Counsel of the Lord Chief Justice or any other of the King's Ministers the Mayors of the King's Cities together with the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom resolv d among other things to hold another Parliament at Kilkenny in November in order to treat of such matters as concern'd the King and Kingdom Neither the Lord Chief Justice nor any other of the King's Ministers durst repair thither It was concluded in this Parliament by the Nobility and the Mayors aforesaid to dispatch away an ambassadour to the King of England to intercede for Relief and represent the unjust administration of the great Officers in Ireland and declare they could no longer endure their oppression They were particularly instructed in their complaints of the said Ministers to ask How a Land so full of wars and trouble could be govern'd by a Person that was wholly a Stranger to warlike Affairs Secondly How a Minister of the Kings could be imagin'd to grow so rich in a short time And thirdly What was the reason that the King of England was never the richer for Ireland MCCCXLII On the 11th of October and the 11th of the Moon two several Moons were seen by many about Dublin in the morning before day Theone was bright and according to its natural course in the West the other of the bigness of a round loaf stood in the East but not so bright as the former MCCCXLIII S. Thomas's-street in Dublin was accidentally burnt on S. Valentine the Martyr's-day Item The 13th of July D. Ralph Ufford with his Wife the Countess of
his abodâ— there Item In November Walter L. Bermingham Chief Justice of Ireland and Moris Lord fitz-Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare took up arms againsâ— O Morda and his Accomplices who had burnt the castle of Ley and Kilmehed and invaded them so fiercely with fire sword and rapin that altho' their number amounted to many thousands and they made a resolute defence yet at last after much blood and many wounds they were forc'd to yield and so they submitted to the King's mercy and the discretion of the Earl MCCCXLVII The Earl of Kildare with his Knights and Barons set out in May to join the King of England who was then at thâ— siege of Caleys which the Inhabitants surrendred to the King oâ— England the 4th of June Item Walter Bonevile William Calf William Welesly and many other brave English Welch aad Irish Gentlemen died of thâ— Distemper which then rag'd at Caleys Item Mac-Murgh viz. Donald Mac-Murgh son to Donald Artâ— Mac-Murgh King of Leinster was most perfidiously killed by hiâ— own men on the 5th of June Item The King knighted Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare who married the daughter of Barth de Burgwashe Item On S. Stephen the Martyr's day the Irish burnt Monaghan and ruined the Country about it Item D. Joan Fitz-Leones formerly wife to Simon Lord Genevilâ— died and on the second of April was buried in the Convent-churcâ— of the Friers-Predicants at Trym MCCCXLVIII The 22d year of Edward III. a great Pestilence which had been before in other Countries got into Ireland and rag'd exceedingly Item This year Walter Lord Bermingham Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and left John Archer Prior of Kylmainan to officiate for him The same year he return'd again and had the Barony of Kenlys which lies in Ossory conferr'd upon him by the King to requite his great service in leading an Army againsâ— the Earl of Desmond with Raulf Ufford as before 't was said this Barony belong'd formerly to Eustace Lord Poer who was convicted and hang'd at the castle of the Isle MCCCXLIX Walter Lord Bermingham the best accomplish'd Justiciary that ever was in Ireland surrender'd his office and was succeeded in the same by Carew Knight and Baron MCCCL. In the 25th year of his Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight was made Lord Chief Justice of Ireland Item This year on S. Margaret the Virgin 's Eve Sir Walteâ— Bermingham Knight for some time an excellent and worthy Justiciary of this Kingdom died in England MCCCLI Died Kenwrick Sherman sometimes Mayor of the City of Dublin and was buried under the Belfrey of the Friers-Predicants which he himself had built as he had likewise glaz'd the great window at the head of the Quire and roof'd the Church among many other pious Works He died in the same convenâ— on the 6th of March and leaving an Estate to the value of three thousand marks he bequeath'd great Legacies to all the Clergy both religious and secular for within twenty miles round MCCCLII Sir Robert Savage Knight began to build several Castles in many places of Ulster and particularly in his own Mannors telling his son and heir apparent Sir Henry Savage That they would thus fortifie themselves lest the Irish should hereafter break in upon them to the utter ruin of their estate and family and to the dishonour of their name among other Nations His son answer'd That where-ever there were valiant men there were forts and castles according to that saying Filii castrametati sunt the sons are encamp'd i.e. brave men are design'd for War and that for this reason he would take care to be among such which would prove the same in effect as if he liv'd in a castle adding That he took a castle of Bones to be much better than a castle of Stones Upon this Reply his Father gave over in great vexation and swore he would never more build with stone and mortar but keep a good house and great retinue about him foretelling however That his Posterity would repent it as indeed they did for the Irish destroy'd the whole Country for want of castles to defend it MCCCLV In the 30th of the same Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight gave up his office of Chief Justice on the 26th of July the succession whereof was given to Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond in which he continued till his death Item On the conversion of S. Paul the said Moris Lord fitz-Fitz-Thomas departed this life in the castle of Dublin to the great grief of his Friends and Kindred and all others that were peaceably inclin'd First he was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants of Dublin and afterward in the Covent of the Friers-Predicants of Traly As to his character he was certainly a just Judge and stuck not at condemning even those of his own blood or family more than perfect Strangers for Theft Rapin and other Misdemeanors the Irish stood in great awe of him MCCCLVI In the 31st year of this Reign Sir Thomas Rokesby was the second time made Chief Justice of Ireland who kept the Irish in good order and paid well for the Provisions of his House saying I will eat and drink out of Wood-Vessels and yet pay both gold and silver for my food and cloths nay and for my Pensioners about me This same year the said Sir Thomas Lord Chief Justice of Ireland died in the castle of Kylka MCCCLVII In the 32d of this King's reign Sir Almarick de Saint Armund was made Chief Justice of Ireland and enter'd upon his office About this time arose a great dispute between the Lord Archbishop of Armagh Richard Fitz-Ralfe and the four orders of Friers-mendicants in conclusion the Archbishop was worsted and quieted by the Pope's authority MCCCLVIII In the 33d year of the same reign Sir Almarick Saint Amuad Chief Justice of the Kingdom went over into England MCCCLIX In the 34th year of this King's reign James Botiller Earl of Ormond was made Chief Justice of Ireland Item On S. Gregory's day this year died Joan Burk Countess of Kildare and was buried in the church of the Friers-minors in Kildare by her Husband Thomas Lord Fitz-John Earl of Kildare MCCCLX In the 35th year of this same reign died Richard Fitz-Raulf Archbishop in Hanault on the 16th of December His bones were convey'd into Ireland by the reverend Father in God Stephen Bishop of Meth and buried in S. Nicholas's church at Dundalk where he was born yet it is a question whether these were his very bones or the reliques of some one else Item This year died Sir Robert Savage of Ulster a valiant Knight who near Antrim slew in one day 3000 Irish with a small Party of English but it ought to be observ'd that before the Engagement he took care to give his men a good dose of Ale or Wine whereof it seems he had good store and reserv'd some for his Friends likewise Besides this he order'd That Sheep Oxen Venison and Fowl both wild and tame should be kill'd
and after all kill'd both him and his brother Richard The same year on the feast of the exaltation of the Holy Cross Stephen Scroop deputy Lieutenant to the King's son Thomas accompanied with the Earls of Ormond and Desmond the Prior of Kilmainan and many others out of Meth march'd out of Dublin and invaded the territories of Mac Murgh upon engaging the Irish had at first the better but they were at last beat back by the bravery of these commanders O Nolam with his son and others were taken prisoners But upon the sudden news that the Bourkeins and O Kerol had continued for two days together doing mischief in the County of Kilkenny they went immediately in all haste to the village of Callan surpriz'd them and put them to flight O Kerol and 800 more were cut off in this action Stephen Scroop went into England this year and James Botiller Earl of Ormond was by the Country elected Chief Justice MCCCCVIII The said Chief Justice held a Parliament at Dublin which confirm'd the Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin and a Charter was granted under the great seal of England against Purveyors The very day after the feast of S. Peter ad vincula this year Thomas Lord of Lancaster the King's son arriv'd as Lieutenant Deputy at Carlingford in Ireland from whence he came next week to Dublin As the Earl of Kildare went to welcom him he was arrested with three more of his retinue His Goods were all sharped away by the Lord Deputy's servants and he himself imprison'd till he paid a fine of 300 marks On S. Marcellus's day the same year died Stephen Lord Scroop at Tristeldermot Thomas of Lancaster was this year wounded at Kilmainan and that so very ill that he almost died After his recovery he made Proclamation That all that were inbebted to the King upon the account of Tenure should make their appearance at Rosse After S. Hilary he call'd a Parliament at Kilkenny for having Tallage granted him On the third before the Ides of March he went into England leaving the Prior of Kilmainon to officiate in his absence This year Hugh Mac-Gilmory was slain at Cragfergus in the church of the Friers-minors which he had formerly destroyd and broke the Windows thereof for the sake purely of the Iron-bars which happen'd to give his Enemies viz. the Savages admittance MCCCCIX In the 10th year of the reign of King Henry 80 of the Irish were in June cut off by the English under the conduct of Janico of Artoys in Ulster MCCCCX On the 13th of June a Parliament was held at Dublin which continued sitting for three Weeks the Prior of Kilmainan being Deputy for the Chief Justice The same year on the 10th of July the said Justice began to build Mibrackly-castle de O Feroll and built De la Mare also There was great scarcity of corn this year The same year the Chief Justice invaded the Territory of O-Brin at the head of fifteen hundred Kerns of whom eight hundred deserted and went over to the Irish so that if the People of Dublin had not been there there would have been much more woe and misery however John Derpatrick lost his life MCCCCXII About the feast of Tiburce and Valerian O-Conghir did much harm to the Irish in Meth and took above 160 Prisoners The same year O-Doles a Knight and Thomas son of Moris Sheriff of Limerick kill'd each other On the 9th of June this year died Robert Monteyn Bishop of Meth succeeded by Edward Dandisey formerly Arch-deacon of Cornwall MCCCCXIII On the 7th of October John Stanley the King's Lieutenant in Ireland arriv'd at Cloucarfe and on the 6th of January died at Aterith The same year after the death of John Stanley Lord Lieutenant Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin was elected Chief Justice of Ireland on the 11th of February Another Parliament was held at Dublin on the morrow of S. Matthias the Apostle which continued sitting for 15 days during which time the Irish set many Towns on fire as they us'd to do in Parliament-times upon which a Tallage was demanded but not granted MCCCCXIV The O-Mordries and O-Dempsies Irish were cut off by the English near Kilda as the Chief Justice Archbishop of Dublin went in Procession at Tristildermot praying with his Clerks at which time 100 Irish were likewise routed by his Servants and others their Country-men Upon the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus the English of Meth were defeated Thomas Maurevard Baron of Scrin and many others were slain and Christopher Fleming and John Dardis were taken Prisoners by O-Conghir and the Irish On S. Martin's-eve John Talbot Lord Furnival being made Lieutenant of Ireland arriv'd at Dalkay MCCCCXV Robert Talbot a Nobleman who wall'd the Suburbs of Kilkenny died in November this year Item After All Saints died Frier Patrick Baret Bishop of Ferne and Canon of Kenly where he was buried MCCCCXVI On the Feast-day of Gervasius and Prothasius the L. Furnival had a son born at Finglas About this time the reverend Stephen Fleming Archbishop of Armagh departed this life and was succeeded by John Suanig At the same time the Bishop of Ardachad died likewise viz. Frier Adam Lyns of the order of Friers-predicants Item On S. Laurence-day died Thomas Talbot son of the Lord Furnival lately born at Finglas and was buried in the Quire of the Friers-Predicants at Dublin within the Convent A Parliament was held at Dublin during which the Irish fell upon the English and slew many of them and among the rest Thomas Balimore of Baliquelan This Session continued here for six Weeks and then adjourned till the 11th of May at Trym where it sate for eleven days and granted a Subsidy of four hundred Marks to the Lieutenant MCCCCXVII On the eve of Philip and Jacob Thomas Cranley Archbishop of Dublin went over into England and died at Farindon and was buried in New-colledge in Oxford a Person very liberal and charitable a great Clerk Doctor of Divinity an excellent Preacher a great Builder Beautiful and of a fair Complexion but withal sanguine and tall so that it might be well said of him Fair art thou and good-like above the sons of Men Grace and Eloquence are seated in thy Lips He was eighty years old and govern'd the See of Dublin peaceably for almost 20 years together MCCCCXVIII The feast of the Annunciation happen'd this year on Good Friday immediately after Easter the Tenants of Henry Crus and Henry Bethat were plunder'd by the Lord Deputy Item On S. John and S. Paul's day the Earl of Kildare Sir Christopher Preston and Sir John Bedleu were taken at Slane and committed to Trym-castle who had a mind to talk with the Prior of Kilmainan On the 4th of August died Sir Matthew Husee Baron of Galtrim and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants at Trym MCCCCXIX On the 11th of May died Edmund Brel formerly Mayor of Dublin and was buried in the Convent of the Friers-predicants in the same