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A58992 Anglorum speculum, or The worthies of England, in church and state Alphabetically digested into the several shires and counties therein contained; wherein are illustrated the lives and characters of the most eminent persons since the conquest to this present age. Also an account of the commodities and trade of each respective county, and the most flourishing cities and towns therein. G. S.; Fuller, Thomas, 1608-1661. History of the worthies of England. 1684 (1684) Wing S22B; ESTC R218077 363,921 722

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age would admit An 1. Ed. 6. 3. When the same after the Marian interruption was resumed and more refined in the Reign of Q. El. The first of these I may call the Morning Star The Second the Dawning of the Day The third the rising of the Sun As to the Prelats and Writers in Q. Maries days their inclinations are discovered in their Writings and by their Actions CHAP. XII Memorable Persons THE former Heads were like Private Houses but this Topick is like a publick Inn admitting all Comers and Goers having any extraordinary not vicious Remark upon them Such therefore who are over under or beside the Standard of Common Persons for strength stature fruitfulness vivacity c. are lodged under this Head under which I also repose such Mechanicks who have reached a clear note above others in their Vocation and Eminent improvers of Arts being Founders of that Accession which they add thereunto CHAP. XIII Of Lord Mayors of London AFter the Death of the King the Lord Majors Office and Authority continues a whole year whereas most other Offices determine with the Kings Death Younger Sons are raised to this Dignity by their own Vertue which affords an Illustrious Example and gives the greatest Encouragement to all well-disposed Youth Some Shires are destitute of this Honourable Office tho 't is probable they may come to arrive at the Priviledge of Majorality for Sir Richard Chiverton Skinner descended of a right Ancient and Worshipful Family having been lately the first in Cornwal has opened the door there for others to follow after him Some in London have refused the Office and Fined and thereby have Charitably increased the Stock of the City CHAP. XIV Why a Catalogue of the English Gentry in the Reign of H. 6. is inserted in this Book IN the days of H. 6 under pretence of routing out Felons Outlaws c. Opposition was made to the House of York which was the Occasion that a List of Gentry was made As to the Method of the Catalogue among the Commissioners the Bishop of the Diocess is first put after whom follow Earls Barons Knights of the Shire Note here that in the time of H. 6 de such a place was left off and the addition of Knight or Squire was assumed tho not generally in all places CHAP. XV. Of Sheriffs SHeriff is a Reeve or Overseer of a Shire in Latin Vicecomes or Deputy of an Earl or Count who anciently presiding over a County gave names both to the Place and deputed Jurisdiction In the year 888. K. Alfred first divided England into Shires The Clerk of the Peace for each County in Mich. Term presents to the Lord Chief Justice six or more names of able Persons for the Office of Sheriff of whom three are presented to the King who pricks one to stand Sheriff for the County His Power is to suppress Riots secure Prisoners distrain for Debts execute Writs return Knights and Burgesses for Parliament empannel Juries attend the Judge see the Execution of Malefactors c. By 4. H. 4 5. Sheriffs are to abide within their Counties 'T is observed by some that anciently the Office of Sheriff was Honos sine onere in middle times Honos cum onere and in our days Onus sine Honore a burden without honour CHAP. XVI Of the Coats of Arms of Sheriffs ARms seem to have been Jure Divino to the Jews and their use is great both in War and Peace without them an Army neither has Method nor strikes terror and in peace Arms distinguish one Man from another Arms assumed according to one's fancy are but personal but Arms assigned by Princes are Hereditary The plainer the Coat is the more Ancient and Honourable two Colours are necessary and most highly honourable tho both may be blazoned with one word as Varrey formerly born by the Beauchamps of Hatch in Wiltshire and still quartered by the Duke of Somerset three are very honourable four Commendable five Excuseable more disgraceful One said of a Coat that it was so well Victualled that it might endure a Siege such was the Plenty and Variety of Fowl Flesh and Fish therein Or and Azure are the richest Argent and Sable the fairest Coats The Lion and Eagle are the most Honourable the Cross the most Religious bearing a Bend the best Ordinarie being a Belt athwart as a Fess is the same about the middle Herbs Vert being natural are better then Or. There are Reasons rendred for some bearings Thus whereas the Earls of Oxford anciently gave their Coat plain quarterly Gules and Or they took afterwards in the first a Mallet or Star Argent because the Chief of the House had a Falling-Star as is said alighting on his Shield as he was fighting in the Holy-land Now for the Arms of Sheriffs we have added them ever since the first of King Richard 2. I will conclude this Discourse with a Memorable Record Claus 5 H. 5. Membr 15 in the Tower The King to the Sheriff Health c. because there are divers Men as we are informed which before these times in the Voyages made by us have assumed to themselves Arms and Coat-Armours where neither they nor their Ancestors in times past used such Arms c. and Propound with themselves to use and exercise the same in this present Voyage which God willing we intend to make And altho the Omnipotent disposeth his favours in things Natural as he pleaseth equally to the Rich and Poor yet We willing that every one of our Liege Subjects should be Esteemed and Treated in due manner according to the Exigency of his State and Condition We Command thee that in every place within thy Bailiwick where by our Writ we have lately shewn you cause to be Proclaimed that no Man of what State Degree or Condition soever he be shall take upon him such Arms or Coats of Arms save he alone who doth possess or ought to possess the same by the right of his Ancestors or by Donation and grant of some who had sufficient power to assign him the same and that he that useth such Arms or Coats of Arms shall on the day of his Muster manifestly shew to such Persons assigned or to be assigned by us for that purpose by vertue of whose gift he enjoyeth the same those only excepted who carried Arms with us at the Battle of Agincourt under the penalties not to be admitted to go with us in our aforesaid Voyages under his Command by whom he is for the present retained and of the loss of his wages as also of the rasing out and breaking off the said Arms called Coat-Armours at the time of his Muster aforesaid if they shall be shewn upon him or found about him And this you shall in no case omit Witness the King at the City of New Sarum June the S●cond CHAP. XVII Of the Alterations and Variations of Surnames SUrnames of Families have been altered and new Names assumed chiefly for Concealment in time of Civil
of the Dissolution This John flourished under King E. 3. and dyed about the year 1338. Rich. Wetherset commonly called of Cambridge where he was Chancellour A great Scholar and deep Divine it being said That he conformed his Divinity to Scripture and not to the Rules of Philosophy He flourished under E. 3. An. 1350. Will. Caxton of Caxton a diligent and learned Man bred beyond the Seas and lived 30 years in the Court of Marg. Dutchess of Burgundy Sister to King E. 4. whence I conclude an Anti-Lancastrian He continued Polychronicon unto the end of that King with good judgment and fidelity He Collected and Printed all Chaucer's Works and on many Accounts deserved well of Posterity and dyed about 1488. Since the Reformation Rich. Huloet born at Wishich and brought up in good learning He dedicated to Th. Goowrich a Book called The English and Latine A. B. C. a Book which probably related to the Elemental Grounds of Religion He flourished An. Dom. 1552. Jo Richardson born of Honest Parents at Linton bred first Fell. of Emanuel then Master of St. Peters and at last of Trinity-Coll in Camb. where he was Regius Professor No dull Man as some supposed For at an Extraordinary Act of Divinity at Camb. before King Ja. strongly alledged in opposition to Doctor Davenant then Answerer vigorously pressed the practice of St. Ambrose Excommunicating of Theodosius the Emperor insomuch that the King in some Passion returned profectò fuit hoc ab Ambrosio insolentissimè factum To whom Doctor Richardson rejoyned Responsum verè Regium Alexandro dignum hoc non est Argumenta dissolvere sed dissecare And so sitting down he desisted from dispute He was employed one of the Translators of the Bible being a most excellent Linguist He dyed An. 1621. Andr. Willet D. D. born at Ely bred Fellow of Christs-Coll in Camb. succeeded his Father in the Parsonage of Barley in Hartfordshire and became Prebendary of Ely Bountiful above his Nobility notwithstanding his numerous Issue Admirable his Industry in his Synopsis Comments c. His Death hast'ned by a fall by which his Neck was broken hapned 1621. Sir Th. Ridley Knight Doctor of the Laws born at Ely bred at Eaton was Fellow of Kings-Coll in Camb. A general Scholar He was afterwards Chancellour of Winchester and Vicar General to the Archbishop of Cant. His Book called the view of Ecclesiastical Laws has embalm'd his Memory to Posterity He dyed Jan. 22. 1629. Arth. Hildersham born at Strechworth descended by his Mothers-side from the Blood-Royal being great-great-Grand-child to Geo. Duke Clarence Brother to E. 4. Yet being bred in Christs-Coll he entred into the Ministry He dyed An. Dom. 163. Vid. Eccl. Hist R. Parker born in Ely Son to Mr. Parker Arch-Deacon there who refused the Bishoprick was bred in and became Fellow of Caius-Coll an excellent Herauld Historian and Antiquary Author of the Manuscript called Scletos Cantabrigiensis which is fleshed with much Matter and hath furnished me with the Nativities of several Bishops who were Masters of Colledges Which Book I heartily wish Printed for the good of Posterity I disclaim Pol. Virgils who burnt rare English Manuscripts of History after he had served his own turn with them Mich. Dalton Esquire bred in the Study of the Municipal-Law in Lincolns-Inn His Gravity graced the Benches of Justice in this County where his Judgement deservedly passed for an Oracle in the Law having enriched the World with two excellent Treatises called the Office of Sheriffs and the Justices of Peace Here note that King Ja. first made such Justices in Scotland He dyed before the Civil Wars in England Th. Goad D. D. Son to Rog. Goad for above 40 years Provost in Kings-Coll bred a Fellow under his Father then Chaplain to Arch-bishop Abbot Rector of Hadley in Suff. Prebendary of Cant. A great and General Scholar exact Critick Historian Poet Schoolman and Divine Of a commanding presence an uncontroulable spirit impatient of opposition loving to steer the Discourse being a good Pilot to that purpose of all the Company he came in He dyed about 1635. Andr. Marvail born at Mildred and bred Master of Arts in Trinity Coll. in Camb. was afterwards Minister of Hull Facetious in discourse Grave in his Carriage an excellent Preacher using all due Study before-hand he was wont to say he would cross the Proverb which called Saturday the working-day and Monday the holy-day of Preachers He was drown'd in Humber 1640. His Excellent Comment on St. Peter is desired Benefactors to the Publick Hugo de Balsham Founder of Peter-house in Camb. the first built Colledge in England and finished it 1284. and bestowed much Land upon it He sat 28 years in the Bishoprick of Ely and dyed the 6 of June 1286. Sir Will. Horn Salter Son to Th. born at Snail-well Knighted by King Hen. 7. 1487. was Lord Mayor of London He gave bountifully to the Preachers of St. Pauls-cross and bestowed 500 Marks to the mending of the High-ways between Camb. and London Sir Will. Son to Jo. Purcase born at Gamlingay bred Mercer in London and Lord Mayor thereof 1497. caused Morefieds under the Walls to be made plain ground to the great pleasure since to the great profit of the City Sir Th. Son of Jo. Knesworth a Fishmonger in London whereof he was Lord Mayor 1505. appointed the Water-Conduit at Bishop-gate to be built Note Cambridgeshire in the compass of 18. years affordeth 3 Lord Mayors and Benefactors which no other Shire ever produced Since the Reformation Jo. Creane born at Wisbeech bred an Apothecary in Camb. very diligent in his Youth He lived and dyed in Doctor Butler's Family to whom he left the main Body of his Estate Having a large heart he annually very Nobly treated all the Oxford-men at the Commencement At his Death he gave 3000 Pounds to Charitable uses bestowing the house he lived in after his Wifes death on the publick Professor of Physick To Wisbeech he gave 100 pound to build a Town-hall besides what he gave to Cambridge Lin Ipswich He left 100 pound to be lent Gratis to an honest man the better to enable him to buy good Fish and Fowl to the University He bequeathed to Doctor Wren B. of Ely and Doctor Brownrigg B. of Exeter 100 pounds a piece by his Will and as much by the Codicil annexed thereunto Besides his concealed Charities his hands were always open to all the destressed Royalists He dyed in May 1650. Memorable Persons Will. Collet born at Over bred a Clerk in London was made Keeper of the Records in the Tower of unparalelled Dexterity in that Office he abominated their Course who by a Water would refresh a Record to make it useful for the present and useless ever after nor would he practise with a Pen on any old Writing under pretence of mending it He may be called Caterer to Selden and other Antiquaries He dyed 1644. Edward Norgate Son to Rob. D. D. of Bennet-Coll and bred by Nich.
Queens Train and in effect just●ed with her for precedence so that what betwixt the Train of the Queen and long Gown of the Dutchess they raised so much dust at the Court as at last put out the eyes of both th●ir Husbands and occasioned their Execution The Lord Thomas an 154● the Lord Edward an 154. These two Bullworks of the Kings safety being demolished D. Dudley had the advantage the more easily to practice the destruction of King Edward 6. as is vehemently suspected Sir Oliver St. John Knight Lord Grandison c. was born of an Ancient and Honourable Family whose prime Seat was at Lediard Tragoze in this County Being bred in the Wars from his Youth he was by King James appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland and vigorously pursued the Principles of his Predecessors for the civilizing thereof and first advanced it to considerable profit to his Master and Ireland which was the Land of Ire or Broyles for 400 years did now become the Land of Concord Being recalled into England he lived for many years in great repute and dying without issue left his Honour to his Sisters Son by Sir Edward Villiers but the main of his Estate to his Brothers Son Sir Jo. St. John Knight and Barronet Sir James Ley Knight and Baronet a younger Son of Henry Esquire of great Ancestry who served King Henry 8. at the Seige of Bollen was born at Ta●ant and bred in Brazen-Nose-College and having studied the Laws was by King James made Lord Chief Justice in Ireland and practised the Charge the King gave him at his departure not to build his Estate on the Ruins of a miserable Nation making a good progress in civilizing that people by the unpartial execution of Justice After he was recalled King James made him Atturney of the Court of Wards Chief Justice of the Kings-Bench an 18. Reg. Lord Treasurer of England an 22. Baron Ley of Ley in Devonshire the same year King Charles I created him Earl of Marleburg in this County an 1. Reg. and Lord President of the Council in which place he dyed 1629. He was a person of great Gravity Ability and Integrity and as the Caspian Sea is observed neither to ebb nor flow so his Mind did not rise nor fall but continued the same constancy in all conditions Sir Francis Cottington Knight was born near Meer and bred when a Youth under Sir Stafford He lived so long in Spain till he made the garb and gravity of that Nation become him He raised himself by his natural strength without any artificial advantage having his Parts above his Learning his Experience above his Parts his Industry above his Experience and some will say his success above all so that at the last he became Chancellour of the Exchequer Baron Hanworth in Middlesex and Lord Treasurer of England gaining also a very great Estate but what he got in few years he lost in fewer dayes since the Civil Wars when the Parliament made him one of the examples of their severity excluding him pardon but permitting his departure beyond the Seas where he dyed about the year 1650. Capital Judges Sir Nicholas Hide Knight was born at Warder in this County where his Father in right of his Wife had a long Lease of that Castle from the Family of the Arundels His Father I say descended from an Ancient Family in Cheshire a fortunate Gentleman in all his Children and more in his Grandchildren his younger Children among whom Sir Nicholas in Wealth and Honour exceeding the Heir of the Family Having studied the Laws he was sworn Lord Chief Justice of the Kings-Bench February the 9 th 1626. discharging his Office with great integrity and dyed 1631. Souldiers Henry D'anvers second Son to Sir John and Dame Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir to Nevil Lord Latimer was born at Dantsey 1573. being bred under the Prince of Orange he was made a Captain in the Wars of France and there Knighted for his good service under Henry 4. the then French King He was Lieutenant of the Horse and Serjeant Major of the Army in Ireland under Robert Earl of Essex and Charles Baron of Mountjoy in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth by King James he was made Baron of Dantsey and Peer of this Realm as also Lord President of Munster and Governour of Guernsey By King Charles I. he was created Earl of Danby Privy-Councellour and Knight of the Garter He dyed 1643. without Issue leaving his Estate to his Nephew Henry D'anvers Writers Oliver of Malmesbury a Benedictine being much addicted to Mathematicks and to judicial Astrology upon the appearing of a Comet foretold the destruction of the Inhabitants of this Land which fell out accordingly at the Norman Conquest 'T is said he essayed the famous experiment of flying and taking his rise from a Tower in Malmesbury made his way in the Air for one Furlong then fell down and brake both his Thighs Having written some Books of Astrology he dyed 1060 five years before the Norman Invasion W. Summerset of Malmesbury where he was Canter and Library Keeper wrote a History of the Saxon Kings and Bishops until his own time He dyed 1142. and was buried in Malmesbury Robert Canutus born at Cricklade or Greeklade where anciently Greek was professed became Chief of the Canons of St. Fridswith in Oxford Having made a Garland of the Flowers of Pliny's Natural History he Dedicated the Book to King Henry 2. He wrote also Comments on the greater part of the Old and New Testament and flourished 1170. Richard of the Devises antiently divided between the King and Bishop of Salisbury was a famous Benedictine in Winchester He wrote a History of the Reign of Richard 1. under whom he flourished and an Epitome of the British affairs He dyed about 1200. Godwin of Salisbury Chanter of that Church wrote a Book of Meditations flourishing about 1256. Jo. of Wilton Senior an Augustine Friar studied in Paris A subtle disputant wrote many Sermons on several occasions flourishing under Edward 2. 1310. Jo. of Wilton Junior a Benedictine Monk in Westminster was an Elegant Latinist He wrote Metrical Meditations in imitation of St. Bernard and a Book Entituled the Dial of Wisdom He flourished under King Edward 3. Jo. Chylmark born at Chylmark and bred in Oxford was a great Philosopher and Mathematician being the Archimedes of his Age. He wrote many Mathematical Tractates and flourished under King Richard 2. 1390. Thomas Wilton D. D was first Chancellor then Dean of St. Pauls in London He sided with the Bishops whom the Poor Friars taxed for their pomp for he knew well enough that the Accusers opened the Coffers of all the Treasure in the Land by Feminine Confessions and abusing the Key of Absolution He wrote a smart Book on this subject Whether Friars in Health and Begging be in the State of Perfection Since the Reformation William Horeman bred in Kings-Colledge in Cambridge became Vice-Provost of Eaton The most general Scholar of his Age. Having