law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o â—_z of_o merchant_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n which_o law_n merchant_n he_o say_v as_o it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v of_o that_o law_n 3._o non_fw-la erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la haec_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchant_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o peculiar_a and_o ordinary_a law_n of_o every_o country_n but_o by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n he_o say_v further_a that_o until_o he_o understand_v the_o 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book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o certain_a royal_a ordinance_n make_v by_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o realm_n 2_o the_o judgement_n or_o resolution_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o 3_o certain_a verdict_n give_v upon_o a_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o some_o other_o matter_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n touch_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n mr._n selden_n style_v it_o 28._o vetusti_fw-la tribunalis_fw-la maritimi_fw-la commentarii_fw-la and_o codex_fw-la manuscriptus_fw-la de_fw-la admiralatu_fw-la and_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o fortescue_n 32._o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o worthy_a of_o observation_n constitution_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o touch_v the_o judgement_n or_o law_n of_o oleron_n 254._o and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n mr._n selden_n where_o he_o from_o they_o argue_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o regard_n king_n richard_n the_o first_o do_v publish_v the_o sea_n law_n in_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n which_o be_v then_o in_o his_o possession_n say_v that_o they_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n likewise_o argue_v 234._o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v long_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o from_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v there_o make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n be_v take_v in_o the_o year_n 1376._o in_o the_o 49._o of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o by_o eighteen_o expert_a seaman_n before_o william_n nevil_n admiral_n of_o the_o north_n philip_n courtny_n admiral_n of_o the_o west_n and_o the_o lord_n latimer_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o relate_v as_o by_o the_o title_n appear_v to_o the_o usage_n of_o former_a time_n the_o verdict_n there_o give_v be_v desire_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n in_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o town_n adjoin_v to_o the_o thames_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o owner_n master_n and_o mariner_n of_o ship_n under_o penalty_n 17._o etc._n etc._n and_o malines_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v they_o enroll_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 2_o that_o general_o where_o law_n have_v be_v provide_v for_o business_n concern_v the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o england_n several_a judge_n have_v be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v difference_n and_o redress_v offence_n concern_v the_o same_o 37._o gregorius_n tholosanus_n say_v judicum_fw-la diversorum_fw-la ratio_fw-la eo_fw-la dirigitur_fw-la ut_fw-la light_n facilius_fw-la expediantur_fw-la ne_fw-la immortales_fw-la sint_fw-la sub_fw-la judicibus_fw-la mole_n negotiorum_fw-la occupatis_fw-la &_o proinde_fw-la cum_fw-la commercia_fw-la hominum_fw-la sint_fw-la maximae_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la placuit_fw-la negotiatoribus_fw-la proponi_fw-la proprios_fw-la judices_fw-la and_o according_o first_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o special_a and_o proper_a judge_n appoint_v for_o those_o business_n so_o suidas_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o natodicae_fw-la be_v magistrate_n who_o do_v justice_n to_o seaman_n and_o other_o who_o trade_n by_o sea_n and_o the_o athenian_n have_v a_o express_a law_n to_o that_o purpose_n atticis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o action_n concern_v seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v commence_v before_o the_o judge_n call_v the_o smothetae_fw-la according_a to_o their_o instrument_n of_o contract_n and_o deal_n second_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o officer_n call_v praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la by_o tully_n and_o livy_n 14._o and_o javolenus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o seius_n saturninus_n archigubernius_fw-la classis_fw-la britannicae_n and_o tacitus_n of_o praetor_n classis_fw-la which_o name_n import_v a_o power_n of_o judicature_n in_o latter_a time_n they_o have_v also_o a_o magistrate_n who_o be_v call_v comes_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la commercijs_fw-la who_o office_n be_v to_o oversee_v matter_n of_o commerce_n or_o negotiation_n three_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v break_v into_o several_a state_n the_o lesser_a as_o republic_n have_v their_o consul_n and_o the_o great_a kingdom_n have_v their_o admiral_n to_o order_n and_o determine_v those_o business_n the_o office_n of_o the_o consul_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o consolato_fw-la del_fw-it mare_fw-la consoli_n determinano_n â—utti_v le_fw-fr controversy_n 20._o etc._n etc._n the_o consul_n determine_v all_o controversy_n which_o be_v for_o fraight_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o good_n on_o shipbord_n for_o part_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v set_v to_o sale_n at_o a_o outcry_n for_o commission_n give_v to_o master_n and_o mariner_n for_o debt_n contract_v by_o master_n for_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o thing_n promise_v or_o undertake_v betwixt_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n for_o good_n take_v up_o at_o sea_n and_o general_o for_o all_o other_o contract_n and_o business_n which_o be_v declare_v among_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n 27._o four_o the_o venetian_a state_n be_v a_o seignory_n when_o any_o great_a war_n be_v expect_v or_o undertake_v have_v their_o general_n or_o supreme_a commander_n of_o the_o navy_n who_o be_v of_o as_o high_a a_o esteem_n as_o any_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o all_o officer_n and_o other_o of_o the_o navy_n at_o other_o time_n the_o legatus_fw-la classis_fw-la or_o vice-general_n have_v the_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o over_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o galley_n and_o other_o person_n of_o the_o navy_n 17._o they_o have_v beside_o four_o consul_n who_o judge_n and_o determine_v all_o matter_n concern_v negotiation_n and_o trade_n 26._o five_o admiral_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o beginning_n as_o most_o affirm_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o emperor_n and_o that_o in_o magna_fw-la graecia_n which_o be_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n where_o the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n be_v the_o three_o place_n to_o wit_n after_o the_o vice_n roy_fw-fr admire_v and_o constable_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o building_n repair_v and_o keep_v of_o the_o ship_n royal_a and_o set_v out_o of_o the_o fleet_n for_o war_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o have_v also_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a among_o commander_n officer_n and_o other_o employ_v about_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o who_o get_v their_o livelihood_n by_o the_o industry_n and_o art_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v such_o which_o transport_v in_o ship_n and_o adventure_v their_o estate_n by_o sea_n as_o also_o such_o that_o make_v it_o their_o trade_n to_o take_v fish_n or_o do_v build_v ship_n this_o court_n be_v call_v magna_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o from_o it_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n only_o to_o the_o supreme_a
forth_o that_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1575._o between_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o more_o quiet_a and_o certain_a execution_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v not_o observe_v to_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n answer_v that_o that_o suppose_a agreement_n have_v not_o be_v deliver_v unto_o they_o but_o have_v hear_v the_o same_o read_v before_o his_o majesty_n out_o of_o a_o paper_n not_o subscribe_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o judge_n they_o answer_v that_o for_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o differ_v from_o their_o present_a answer_n it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n never_o assent_v thereunto_o as_o it_o be_v pretend_v neither_o do_v the_o phrase_n thereof_o agree_v with_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o dr._n dunn_n then_o judge_v of_o the_o admiralty_n will_v have_v produce_v such_o a_o agreement_n to_o the_o judge_n before_o the_o king_n but_o that_o he_o have_v some_o ground_n for_o the_o same_o which_o be_v suppose_v it_o may_v as_o well_o infer_v that_o those_o concession_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n because_o those_o judge_n do_v assent_v unto_o they_o as_o that_o they_o do_v not_o assent_v because_o they_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o same_o and_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o those_o thing_n wherein_o those_o answer_n at_o that_o time_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o 8._o of_o king_n charles_n carol._n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v that_o wherein_o those_o concession_n do_v differ_v from_o those_o answer_n be_v against_o the_o same_o wherein_o the_o phrase_n of_o the_o request_n and_o answer_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o much_o considerable_a as_o how_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v may_v consist_v both_o with_o law_n and_o equity_n and_o to_o that_o end_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o recite_v they_o as_o they_o be_v extant_a in_o several_a manuscript_n in_o which_o be_v collect_v thing_n of_o those_o time_n remarkable_a both_o concern_v the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n as_o follow_v 12._o of_o may_n 1575._o admiralty_n the_o request_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o her_o majesty_n bench_n and_o his_o colleague_n with_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o same_o that_o after_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o any_o cause_n or_o appeal_v make_v from_o the_o same_o to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n request_n it_o may_v please_v they_o to_o forbear_v the_o grant_n of_o any_o writ_n of_o prohibition_n either_o to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n or_o to_o her_o majesty_n delegate_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o he_o by_o who_o such_o appeal_n shall_v be_v make_v see_v by_o choice_n of_o remedy_n in_o that_o way_n in_o reason_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v content_v therewith_o and_o not_o to_o be_v relieve_v any_o other_o way_n answer_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n and_o his_o colleague_n that_o after_o sentence_n give_v in_o the_o delegate_n no_o prohibition_n shall_v be_v grant_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o sentence_n if_o a_o prohibition_n be_v not_o sue_v for_o within_o the_o next_o term_n follow_v sentence_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o within_o two_o term_n after_o at_o the_o far_a no_o prohibition_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o delegate_n that_o prohibition_n hereafter_o be_v not_o grant_v upon_o bare_a suggestion_n or_o surmise_n request_n without_o summary_n examination_n and_o proof_n make_v thereof_o wherein_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o the_o party_n defendant_n to_o have_v counsel_n and_o to_o plead_v for_o the_o stay_n thereof_o if_o there_o shall_v appear_v cause_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n answer_n and_o the_o party_n defendant_n shall_v have_v counsel_n in_o court_n and_o to_o plead_v to_o stay_v if_o there_o may_v appear_v evident_a cause_n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o such_o a_o ancient_a order_n request_n as_o have_v be_v take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o council_n and_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n patent_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o allow_v by_o other_o king_n of_o the_o land_n ever_o since_o and_o by_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v cognition_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n rise_v as_o well_o beyond_o as_o upon_o the_o sea_n without_o let_v or_o prohibition_n this_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n answer_n and_o his_o colleague_n that_o the_o say_a judge_n may_v have_v and_o request_n enjoy_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o charter-party_n make_v betwixt_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o merchant_n for_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o according_a to_o the_o goodâ—_n meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o henry_n 8._o chap._n 14._o though_o the_o same_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n answer_n this_o be_v likewise_o agree_v upon_o for_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v either_o upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n though_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 14._o request_n that_o writ_n of_o corpus_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v not_o direct_v to_o the_o say_a judge_n in_o cause_n of_o the_o nature_n aforesaid_a and_o if_o any_o happen_v to_o be_v direct_v that_o it_o may_v please_v they_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o return_v thereof_o with_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o the_o body_n as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v accustom_v answer_n if_o any_o writ_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v direct_v in_o the_o cause_n before_o specify_v they_o be_v content_a to_o return_v the_o body_n again_o to_o the_o lord_n admiral_n gaol_n upon_o certificate_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o be_v such_o or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n in_o any_o such_o cause_n touch_v the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n 8._o caroli_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o twenty_o three_o lord_n and_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n council_n they_o be_v subscribe_v unto_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n viz._n thomas_n richardson_n robert_n heath_n humphrey_n dawenport_n john_n denham_n richard_n hutton_n william_n jones_n george_n crook_n thomas_n trevor_n james_n weston_n robert_n barkley_n francis_n crawly_n and_o also_o by_o henry_n martin_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o william_n noy_n the_o attorney_n general_a and_o the_o transcript_n thereof_o be_v order_v to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o register_n of_o the_o council_n cause_n and_o the_o original_a to_o remain_v in_o the_o council_n chest_n 18._o feb._n 1632._o sir_n edward_n cook_n concern_v the_o answer_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o call_v articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la 3_o jacob_n say_v that_o although_o they_o be_v not_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o parliament_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la in_o the_o 9_o of_o edwaâ—â—_n 2._o be_v yet_o be_v resolve_v unanimous_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o be_v for_o matter_n of_o law_n of_o high_a authority_n next_o unto_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o these_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n touch_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n aught_o to_o be_v of_o no_o low_a esteem_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o unanimity_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o former_a must_v be_v take_v upon_o the_o credit_n alone_o of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n but_o as_o to_o the_o latter_a the_o evidence_n thereof_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o joint_a subscription_n of_o all_o before_o name_v which_o be_v likewise_o attest_v by_o sir_n george_n crook_n who_o be_v one_o of_o they_o who_o in_o his_o report_n of_o hillary_n term_v 8_o caroli_n under_o the_o title_n of_o resolution_n upon_o cause_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n write_v that_o it_o be_v agree_v as_o follow_v first_o if_o suit_n shall_v be_v commence_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o contract_n or_o other_o thing_n personal_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n be_v to_o be_v
and_o weight_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n 5_o of_o such_o as_o make_v spoil_n of_o wreck_n so_o that_o the_o owner_n come_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n can_v have_v their_o good_n 6_o of_o such_o as_o claim_v wreck_n have_v neither_o charter_n nor_o prescription_n 7_o of_o wear_v riddle_n blind-stake_n water-millsâ—_a etc._n etc._n whereby_o ship_n or_o man_n have_v be_v lose_v or_o endanger_v 8_o of_o remove_v anchor_n and_o cut_v of_o buoyrope_n 9_o of_o such_o as_o take_v salmon_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n 10_o of_o such_o as_o spoil_v the_o breed_n of_o oyster_n or_o dreg_n for_o oyster_n and_o mussel_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n 11_o of_o such_o as_o fish_v with_o unlawful_a net_n 12_o of_o take_v royal_a fish_n viz._n whale_n sturgeon_n purpoise_n etc._n etc._n and_o detain_v the_o one_o half_a from_o the_o king_n three_o offence_n against_o the_o admiral_n the_o navy_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o judge_n entertain_v plea_n of_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o admiralty_n cause_n sue_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o of_o such_o as_o hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o admiral_n process_n 2_o of_o master_n and_o mariner_n contemptuous_a to_o the_o admiral_n 3_o of_o the_o admiral_n share_n of_o weif_n or_o derelict_n and_o of_o deodand_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n 4_o of_o fletson_n jetson_n and_o lagon_n belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n 5_o of_o such_o as_o freight_n stranger_n bottom_n where_o ship_n of_o the_o land_n may_v be_v have_v at_o reasonable_a rate_n 6_o of_o shipwrights_a take_v excessive_a wage_n 7_o of_o master_n and_o mariner_n take_v excessive_a wage_n 8_o of_o pilot_n by_o who_o ignorance_n ship_n have_v miscarry_v 9_o of_o mariner_n forsake_v their_o ship_n 10_o of_o mariner_n rebellious_a and_o this_fw-mi obedient_a to_o their_o master_n in_o the_o same_o ancient_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n there_o be_v a_o copy_n of_o a_o more_o ancient_a enquiry_n touch_v admiral_n cause_n wherein_o some_o thing_n relate_v to_o constitution_n make_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o at_o grimesby_n viz._n that_o ship_n arrest_v for_o the_o king_n service_n break_v arrest_n shall_v be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n and_o by_o king_n john_n at_o hastings_n that_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o any_o salt_n water_n by_o meers_n riddle_n and_o the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pull_v down_o and_o the_o fish_n cry_v common_a to_o all_o people_n be_v likewise_o order_v by_o king_n john_n this_o may_v suffice_v to_o confirm_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a special_a cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a which_o do_v ancient_o belong_v and_o proper_o to_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o to_o show_v that_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o whole_o confine_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n 4_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o be_v usual_o exercise_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n first_o it_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o nation_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n enjoy_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n by_o prescribe_v law_n and_o statute_n for_o the_o preserve_a peace_n and_o justice_n and_o by_o exercise_v all_o kind_n of_o authority_n in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v concern_v his_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o same_o which_o be_v grant_v his_o power_n to_o depute_v a_o magistrate_n or_o officer_n to_o those_o purpose_n with_o so_o much_o of_o his_o authority_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a can_v be_v deny_v second_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o the_o admiral_n be_v agreeable_a to_o commission_n ancient_o grant_v and_o which_o have_v be_v pass_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n and_o by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o the_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v who_o have_v thereunto_o set_v the_o great_a seal_n 127._o and_o that_o the_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n be_v design_v by_o st_n edward_n cook_n by_o refer_v to_o grant_n of_o those_o office_n ancient_o make_v by_o many_o several_a king_n with_o exception_n only_o to_o one_o irregular_a precedent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o three_o that_o mr._n selden_n show_v that_o all_o the_o patent_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n 17._o from_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n time_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n have_v be_v conceive_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n and_o tenor_n as_o of_o edward_n lord_n clintâ—on_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n under_z king_n philip_z and_o queen_n marry_o of_o charles_n howard_n lord_n effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n under_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n after_o king_n charles_n under_o king_n james_n and_o of_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n under_o king_n james_n and_o king_n charles_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o patent_n of_o algernon_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n under_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o of_o james_n the_o most_o illustrious_a duke_n of_o york_n under_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o four_o that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n and_o his_o deputy_n proceed_v according_a to_o his_o commission_n be_v express_o allow_v by_o king_n philip_n and_o queen_n mary_n where_o they_o by_o a_o statute_n restrain_v the_o exportation_n of_o corn_n without_o licence_n mar._n make_v a_o special_a provision_n that_o that_o act_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a or_o hurtful_a to_o the_o lord_n great_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n majesty_n jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n but_o that_o the_o say_a lord_n admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n shall_v exercise_v use_n and_o execute_v all_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o his_o or_o their_o commission_n which_o provision_n although_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o statute_n yet_o it_o show_v what_o respect_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n intend_v to_o their_o lord_n high_a admiral_n their_o own_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n in_o all_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o the_o commission_n by_o they_o grant_v against_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n as_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n and_o as_o it_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o court_n it_o be_v pretend_v in_o general_a that_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a first_o to_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n second_o to_o divers_a judgement_n book-case_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o admiral_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la all_o which_o more_o special_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n first_o where_o the_o admiral_n meddle_v with_o contract_n and_o write_n concern_v sea_n business_n make_v within_o the_o realm_n second_o where_o he_o meddle_v with_o other_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o three_o with_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v or_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v first_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o rich._n 2._o chap._n 5._o which_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n second_o that_o of_o the_o 15._o of_o the_o same_o king_n chap._n 3._o which_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n within_o body_n of_o county_n three_o that_o of_o 2_o hen._n the_o 4._o which_o inflict_v penalty_n on_o those_o who_o sue_v or_o proceed_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o four_o that_o of_o the_o 5_o of_o elizabeth_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o exclude_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o port_n and_o river_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v more_o general_a may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v consider_v the_o rest_n be_v more_o particular_a may_v in_o discuss_v of_o some_o other_o particular_a point_n to_o which_o they_o be_v appliable_a be_v examine_v that_o of_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o chap._n 5._o ordain_v that_o the_o admiral_n and_o their_o deputy_n shall_v not_o meddle_v of_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o
whereas_o some_o of_o they_o speak_v of_o altum_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o have_v no_o such_o attribute_n but_o mention_n simple_o the_o sea_n 2_o that_o the_o same_o authority_n grant_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v jurisdiction_n on_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o declare_v much_o less_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n elsewhere_o and_o as_o to_o the_o particular_n 1_o the_o authority_n of_o 2_o rich._n 2._o which_o affirm_v that_o the_o irish_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n for_o a_o thing_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n mention_n not_o for_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n and_o happy_o it_o may_v be_v for_o some_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n or_o against_o the_o peace_n in_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n or_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o ally_n and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o he_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o irish_a as_o over_z the_o subject_n of_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n only_o extend_v to_o the_o high_a sea_n but_o it_o can_v from_o thence_o be_v argue_v but_o that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o business_n concern_v navigation_n or_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n he_o may_v also_o have_v have_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o irish_a as_o well_o as_o over_o other_o person_n not_o only_a supper_n alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr but_o also_o in_o other_o place_n elsewhere_o 2_o the_o plea_n to_o the_o action_n of_o trespass_n in_o the_o 7_o rich._n the_o 2._o may_v be_v good_a and_o allow_v in_o two_o respect_n first_o in_o regard_n the_o thing_n be_v do_v where_o the_o country_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n and_o therefore_o no_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n can_v be_v have_v second_o in_o regard_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v from_o the_o king_n enemy_n against_o who_o no_o trespass_n can_v be_v commit_v because_o that_o to_o offend_v they_o any_o way_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o that_o respect_n the_o plea_n may_v have_v be_v allow_v although_o the_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n have_v be_v take_v in_o a_o port_n or_o navigable_a river_n 3._o whereas_o fortescue_n say_v that_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n prosecute_v before_o the_o admiral_n aught_o to_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o proof_n make_v by_o witness_n and_o no_o more_o sir_n edward_z cook_n affirm_v that_o it_o prove_v by_o express_a word_n that_o the_o admiralty_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o high_a sea_n fortescue_n have_v give_v reason_n for_o trial_n by_o jury_n when_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o country_n can_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o business_n grant_v that_o for_o thing_n do_v in_o other_o place_n the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v allow_v of_o proof_n by_o witness_n as_o in_o cause_n commence_v before_o the_o admiral_n for_o thing_n do_v on_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o likewise_o before_o the_o constable_n for_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o do_v no_o more_o express_o confine_v the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n to_o the_o high_a sea_n than_o he_o do_v the_o constable_n to_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v notorious_a that_o his_o jurisdiction_n extend_v to_o deed_n of_o war_n and_o arm_n within_o the_o land_n as_o it_o will_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n likewise_o to_o matter_n of_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n 4_o touch_v the_o authority_n of_o dyer_n that_o by_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o case_n be_v surmise_v to_o commence_v sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_fw-fr etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n sometime_o as_o the_o business_n fall_v out_o declare_v super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr &_o infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la curiae_fw-la but_o ordinary_o cause_n be_v lay_v only_o intra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o general_o the_o cause_n be_v no_o otherwise_o describe_v but_o a_o contra_fw-la b._n in_fw-la causa_fw-la civili_fw-la &_o maritima_n 5_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v business_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n by_o a_o ancient_a record_n in_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o which_o mr._n selden_n take_v notice_n it_o appear_v 557._o that_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o lord_n at_z hastings_z que_fw-fr comment_n diuâ—rs_a signior_n avoient_fw-fr franchese_n etc._n etc._n that_o although_o diâ—ers_v lord_n have_v â—ivers_a franchise_n to_o try_v plea_n in_o port_n yet_o that_o neither_o their_o steward_n nor_o bailiff_n shall_v hold_v any_o plea_n if_o it_o concern_v merchant_n or_o mariner_n as_o well_o for_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o of_o ship_n obligation_n and_o other_o dâ—edâ—_n which_o although_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o inferior_a lord_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o such_o matter_n second_o by_o commission_n from_o time_n to_o time_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o the_o admiral_n power_n be_v give_v ad_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o hold_v the_o conusance_n of_o charter-party_n policy_n of_o assurance_n bill_n of_o bottomry_n bill_n of_o lade_n and_o of_o sale_n of_o ship_n three_o the_o cause_n and_o suit_n arise_v by_o occasion_n of_o business_n contain_v in_o such_o write_n have_v in_o all_o observable_a time_n and_o place_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v maritime_a and_o the_o conusance_n of_o they_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o martim_fw-la court_n as_o it_o have_v be_v before_o full_o show_v and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o consider_v that_o such_o contract_n and_o write_n have_v their_o original_a from_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n &_o be_v both_o in_o name_n and_o nature_n thing_n foreign_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o much_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o order_n which_o wesâ—_n observe_v in_o his_o book_n of_o precedent_n where_o after_o the_o form_n of_o deed_n and_o contract_n proper_a to_o the_o common_a law_n he_o handle_v those_o which_o concern_v merchandize_v and_o trade_n by_o sea_n as_o thing_n of_o a_o distinct_a and_o several_a nature_n touch_v the_o particular_n first_o charter-party_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o rhodian_a law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v si_fw-mi quis_fw-la naâ—em_fw-la conduxerit_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la consignata_fw-la sunto_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v hire_v a_o ship_n let_v there_o be_v write_n draw_v and_o seal_v thereupon_o there_o be_v likewise_o mention_v of_o charter-party_n in_o the_o role_n of_o oleron_n and_o in_o the_o french_a late_a ordinance_n make_v for_o the_o reglement_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o no_o mention_n of_o they_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n until_o the_o 32_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8._o cap._n 14._o where_o the_o conusance_n of_o they_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o admiralty_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o show_v moreover_o malines_n confirm_v that_o ancient_o in_o charter-party_n it_o be_v express_v 21._o that_o the_o content_n thereof_o shall_v be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v clause_n usual_o insert_v into_o they_o enjoin_v that_o the_o merchant_n beside_o the_o payment_n of_o freight_n shall_v make_v allowance_n for_o primage_n average_n and_o pettelodmenage_n thing_n no_o where_o occur_v in_o the_o book_n of_o common_a law_n and_o ancient_o determinable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n second_o policy_n of_o assurance_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o allow_v a_o action_n for_o the_o undertake_n a_o hazard_n which_o be_v doubtful_a for_o reward_n or_o consideration_n first_o give_v which_o be_v common_o call_v a_o praemio_fw-la they_o be_v of_o late_a civillian_n call_v sponsiones_fw-la mercatoriae_n and_o assecurationes_fw-la 24_o which_o malines_n affirm_v be_v take_v up_o in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n practise_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o france_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o now_o they_o be_v likewise_o in_o use_n in_o venice_n naples_n genua_n ancona_n spain_n and_o portugal_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regulate_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o consolato_fw-la and_o law_n of_o oleron_n three_o bill_n of_o bottomry_n when_o a_o owner_n or_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n to_o furnish_v his_o voyage_n take_v up_o money_n upon_o extraordinary_a interest_n to_o be_v pay_v when_o the_o ship_n arrive_v at_o the_o port_n appoint_v and_o thereby_o engage_v his_o ship_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o ancient_a grecian_a and_o roman_a law_n julius_n pollux_n a_o learned_a expositor_n of_o term_n or_o word_n use_v among_o
those_o matter_n which_o belong_v unto_o he_o only_o upon_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o case_n of_o double_a damage_n for_o aught_o appear_v to_o the_o contrary_a may_v be_v for_o matter_n of_o trespass_n commit_v likewise_o by_o force_n and_o arms._n touch_v praemunires_fw-la brought_z for_o sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n sir_n edw._n cook_n say_v that_o they_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o king_n rich._n 2._o for_o sue_v in_o curia_fw-la romana_fw-la aut_fw-la alibi_fw-la be_v so_o evident_a and_o of_o so_o dangerous_a a_o consequence_n as_o no_o application_n shall_v be_v make_v thereof_o and_o for_o the_o dangerous_a consequence_n it_o be_v most_o true_a for_o that_o the_o penalty_n intend_v in_o that_o statute_n extend_v to_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o person_n during_o pleasure_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o his_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n during_o life_n and_o for_o the_o application_n which_o he_o forbear_v it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o admiral_n or_o his_o judge_n may_v be_v make_v liable_a thereunto_o but_o for_o the_o evidence_n that_o by_o curia_fw-la romana_fw-la aut_fw-la alibi_fw-la the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n shall_v be_v understand_v under_o his_o favour_n it_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a nor_o if_o the_o statute_n be_v well_o consider_v can_v it_o with_o any_o reason_n be_v maintain_v the_o word_n alibi_n or_o elsewhere_o in_o that_o statute_n be_v in_o truth_n intend_v of_o avignion_n in_o france_n or_o some_o other_o place_n to_o which_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o court_n in_o those_o time_n do_v usual_o remove_v and_o that_o statute_n be_v intend_v to_o exclude_v the_o foreign_a authority_n of_o the_o pope_n it_o may_v be_v think_v necessary_a to_o debar_v the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o have_v intercourse_n to_o the_o pope_n consistory_n whether_o at_o rome_n or_o any_o where_o else_o and_o when_o the_o pope_n authority_n and_o his_o law_n be_v in_o force_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o no_o way_n depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n the_o word_n alibi_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v hold_v to_o extend_v to_o bishop_n court_n if_o they_o meddle_v with_o temporal_a cause_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n especial_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o reverse_v or_o disparage_v judgement_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n but_o how_o the_o word_n alibi_n shall_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o king_n court_n of_o admiralty_n never_o relate_v to_o any_o foreign_a power_n and_o proceed_v only_o by_o those_o law_n which_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o king_n to_o be_v in_o force_n in_o that_o court_n it_o be_v a_o mystery_n beyond_o any_o ordinary_a imagination_n it_o may_v be_v further_o note_v that_o although_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o two_o praemunires_fw-la be_v bring_v upon_o such_o occasion_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o any_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o either_o of_o they_o last_o for_o confirmation_n and_o conclusion_n of_o this_o point_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n it_o be_v likewise_o agree_v unto_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o admiral_n may_v inquire_v of_o and_o redress_v all_o annoyance_n and_o obstruction_n in_o navigable_a river_n beneath_o the_o first_o bridge_n that_o be_v any_o impediment_n to_o navigation_n and_o passage_n to_o and_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o try_v all_o personal_a contract_n and_o injury_n do_v there_o which_o concern_v navigation_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o no_o prohibition_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o such_o case_n 7_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n may_v hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n relate_v to_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n to_o maintain_v that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n may_v hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n 157._o it_o be_v allege_v first_o that_o by_o a_o ordinance_n make_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o lord_n at_z hastings_z which_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o ancient_a book_n of_o admiralty_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o charum_fw-la contract_n etc._n etc._n that_o every_o contract_n make_v between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o betwixt_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o flood-mark_a shall_v be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n and_o no_o way_n elsewhere_o second_o it_o may_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n that_o such_o business_n among_o merchant_n and_o seaman_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v according_a the_o civil_a law_n and_o equity_n thereof_o as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o sea_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o fortescue_n observe_v out_o of_o bartolus_n quod_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la debet_fw-la judicari_fw-la ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la &_o bono_fw-mi omissis_fw-la juris_fw-la solennitatibus_fw-la which_o the_o admiralty_n judge_n may_v and_o do_v observe_v but_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n hold_v they_o must_v do_v otherwise_o 13._o malines_n relate_v a_o instance_n of_o a_o merchant-stranger_n who_o have_v sell_v commodity_n to_o three_o several_a merchant_n of_o london_n take_v one_o bond_n of_o they_o all_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o 300_o l._n and_o one_o of_o they_o break_v and_o be_v imprison_v he_o be_v content_v to_o compound_v with_o he_o for_o the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o debt_n or_o for_o 20_o l._n in_o lieu_n of_o a_o 100_o l._n conceive_v he_o as_o a_o three_o party_n to_o be_v liable_a for_o no_o more_o and_o have_v receive_v that_o sum_n give_v he_o a_o release_n and_o afterward_o the_o two_o other_o party_n neglect_v to_o pay_v he_o their_o part_n he_o be_v advise_v to_o sue_v they_o at_o the_o common_a law_n where_o he_o be_v give_v to_o understand_v that_o if_o a_o man_n release_v one_o of_o his_o debtor_n who_o be_v bind_v with_o other_o by_o way_n of_o acquittance_n they_o be_v all_o release_v and_o acquit_v thereby_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o that_o simplicity_n and_o just_a deal_n which_o be_v expect_v among_o merchant_n which_o do_v not_o admit_v that_o a_o man_n action_n shall_v operate_v beyond_o his_o intention_n and_o that_o a_o favour_n yield_v to_o one_o in_o necessity_n shall_v not_o extend_v further_o to_o his_o prejudice_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o which_o be_v in_o better_a condition_n three_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o contract_n and_o bargain_n betwixt_o such_o person_n those_o solemnity_n be_v not_o require_v which_o be_v necessary_a in_o deed_n at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o of_o sign_v seal_v and_o deliver_v to_o make_v their_o bill_n and_o obligation_n of_o force_n and_o the_o bearer_n of_o such_o bill_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o demand_v and_o recover_v without_o letter_n of_o attorney_n four_o it_o be_v considerable_a that_o instrument_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n have_v usual_o clause_n relate_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n malines_n show_v 13._o that_o when_o two_o or_o three_o take_v up_o money_n at_o interest_n and_o all_o bind_v themselves_o as_o principal_n general_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n every_o person_n be_v bind_v but_o for_o his_o own_o part_n and_o therefore_o where_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o for_o the_o better_a security_n every_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o solidum_fw-la in_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o contract_n there_o be_v a_o declaration_n and_o renunciation_n make_v of_o all_o privilege_n and_o especial_o of_o those_o which_o be_v call_v exceptio_fw-la divisionis_fw-la &_o ordinis_fw-la excussiones_fw-la and_o beneficii_fw-la epistolae_fw-la divi_z adriani_n in_o west_n president_n concern_v merchant_n affair_n there_o be_v the_o like_a form_n as_o where_o a_o man_n obligat_fw-la se_fw-la haeredes_fw-la &_o executores_fw-la suos_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mobilia_fw-la &_o immobilia_fw-la praesentia_fw-la &_o futura_fw-la tam_fw-la ultra_fw-la quam_fw-la citra_fw-la mare_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la existentia_fw-la renuncian_n omnibus_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la exceptionibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o declare_v the_o form_n of_o a_o gneral_a procuration_n to_o sue_v for_o debt_n in_o a_o foreign_a country_n wherein_o it_o be_v specify_v that_o power_n be_v give_v ad_fw-la libel_n petitiones_fw-la etc._n etc._n articulos_fw-la dandum_fw-la datisque_fw-la respondendum_fw-la ad_fw-la lites_n contestandum_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr calumnia_fw-la vitandâ—_n juramentum_fw-la in_fw-la animam_fw-la constituentium_fw-la praestandum_fw-la all_o which_o be_v as_o strange_a to_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n as_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o proceed_v five_o for_o that_o as_o fortescue_n affirm_v contract_n and_o bargain_n make_v among_o stranger_n in_o another_o realm_n must_v be_v prove_v otherways_o than_o in_o the_o court_n