heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
examine_v this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o produce_v these_o matter_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n which_o do_v give_v occasion_n in_o this_o day_n exercise_v to_o dispute_v of_o all_o they_o the_o case_n for_o the_o second_o lecture_n a._n lease_v his_o manor_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n in_o which_o case_n second_o case_n be_v copyhold_n to_o b._n a_o young_a son_n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a the_o first_o condition_n be_v perform_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o that_o county_n upon_o view_n survey_v and_o by_o their_o discretion_n decree_v a_o new_a bank_n where_o none_o be_v before_o to_o resist_v the_o sea_n and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cut_v to_o drain_v the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n and_o a_o old_a sewer_n in_o d._n to_o be_v repair_v and_o by_o inquisition_n assess_v b._n the_o lessee_n for_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n for_o the_o copyhold_n land_n and_o the_o town_n of_o s._n and_o also_o the_o parson_n there_o for_o his_o tithe_n because_o they_o lie_v all_o in_o the_o level_n the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v b._n enter_v in_o the_o copyhold_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o this_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o the_o say_v sesse_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o three_o upon_o this_o statute_n but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v so_o weave_v within_o another_o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o go_v hand_n in_o hand_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o case_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o the_o duplicate_v condition_n be_v good_a or_o not_o second_o what_o estate_n b._n the_o young_a son_n have_v by_o the_o first_o condition_n and_o what_o estate_n he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o second_o three_o a_o copyhold_n become_v forfeit_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o before_o the_o lord_n take_v advantage_n of_o it_o his_o estate_n be_v change_v whether_o by_o the_o change_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lose_v or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v a_o new_a bank_n a_o new_a drain_v and_o other_o new_a defence_n or_o not_o and_o herein_o the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o river_n stream_n and_o bank_n and_o their_o dependent_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o second_o whether_o they_o may_v decree_v the_o say_v new_a defence_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o jury_n three_o in_o what_o case_n assess_v and_o tax_n may_v be_v lay_v and_o impose_v and_o on_o what_o thing_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v and_o whether_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o the_o person_n in_o any_o case_n be_v well_o do_v or_o not_o and_o where_o the_o fault_n be_v if_o any_o be_v argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la see_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a order_n for_o the_o reader_n of_o this_o place_n to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o case_n i_o shall_v therefore_o endeavour_v myself_o to_o perform_v that_o order_n which_o custom_n have_v impose_v upon_o i_o and_z according_o as_o i_o have_v conclude_v so_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v and_o touch_v the_o first_o point_n it_o have_v be_v challenge_v and_o draw_v in_o question_n upon_o some_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n first_o report_n where_o it_o say_v that_o one_o contingent_a can_v depend_v upon_o another_o report_n sir_n ed._n cook_n 1_o report_n but_o more_o strict_o it_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n eight_o report_n for_o there_o it_o be_v 8._o cook_n rep._n 8._o hold_v that_o one_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o possibility_n and_o this_o case_n be_v there_o put_v that_o if_o a._n let_v land_n to_o b._n for_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o life_n and_o upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n that_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a can_v never_o increase_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o case_n amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la his_o rule_n take_v in_o the_o first_o case_n be_v very_o general_a and_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n admit_v distinction_n which_o in_o my_o argument_n i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o unto_o and_o some_o difference_n i_o shall_v take_v in_o this_o point_n in_o question_n therefore_o i_o shall_v thus_o distinguish_v that_o if_o upon_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o original_a estate_n be_v determine_v upon_o which_o both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o condition_n be_v build_v and_o ground_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o increase_n thereupon_o be_v utter_o void_a but_o if_o the_o first_o estate_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o confound_v upon_o the_o first_o condition_n perform_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o estate_n thereof_o which_o shall_v be_v get_v thereby_o may_v then_o well_o grow_v upon_o the_o old_a stock_n to_o explain_v this_o by_o example_n if_o a._n give_v land_n to_o b._n in_o fee_n simple_a upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v for_o life_n here_o because_o the_o first_o estate_n and_o livery_n by_o the_o first_o condition_n be_v not_o destroy_v therefore_o the_o second_o condition_n shall_v well_o stand_v in_o force_n so_o i_o do_v make_v a_o lease_n to_o a._n for_o twenty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n for_o forty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n this_o first_o condition_n and_o second_o condition_n may_v have_v both_o their_o full_a operation_n for_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o lease_n of_o twenty_o year_n be_v not_o destroy_v but_o stand_v on_o foot_n and_o therefore_o the_o original_a estate_n remain_v unconfound_v the_o fee_n simple_a may_v well_o increase_v by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o a._n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n the_o second_o condition_n here_o be_v utter_o void_a because_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n a._n have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n which_o drown_v and_o destroy_v his_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o so_o because_o every_o decrease_a and_o increase_a estate_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o estate_n which_o receive_v the_o livery_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o therefore_o the_o second_o estate_n can_v never_o accrue_v in_o this_o case_n and_o this_o be_v true_a reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o of_o the_o say_a case_n put_v in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n for_o there_o the_o case_n for_o year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o lease_n for_o life_n which_o come_v by_o the_o first_o case_n lord_z staffords_z case_n condition_n and_o so_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a there_o can_v never_o accrue_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o say_v general_a ground_n take_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n that_o one_o case_n rector_n de_fw-fr cheddingtons_n case_n contingent_a or_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o under_o favour_n i_o take_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o bind_v thereby_o neither_o be_v it_o the_o meaning_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n as_o i_o take_v it_o to_o extend_v the_o same_o so_o large_o as_o they_o be_v there_o put_v because_o i_o find_v many_o authority_n of_o great_a account_n which_o be_v against_o the_o say_a general_a position_n and_o first_o in_o the_o 38_o h._n 8._o br._n feoffment_n pl._n 71._o a_o feoffment_n s._n 38_o h._n s._n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n until_o i._o s._n pay_v he_o ten_o pound_n and_o then_o to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o so_o to_o the_o three_o person_n and_o what_o be_v this_o but_o one_o condition_n contingent_a and_o possibility_n to_o depend_v upon_o another_o for_o these_o contingent_n there_o be_v hold_v good_a and_o be_v build_v upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o so_o in_o dig_v case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v where_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n with_o case_n dig_v case_n power_n of_o revocation_n and_o after_o of_o new_a limitation_n of_o estate_n these_o be_v also_o contingent_n and_o possibility_n
both_o degree_n and_o in_o 2_o e._n 3._o the_o case_n 3._o 2_o e._n 3._o be_v famous_a and_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o roberges_n case_n where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o she_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o husband_n of_o her_o body_n beget_v and_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o if_o her_o husband_n be_v then_o dead_a and_o leave_v any_o heir_n which_o he_o have_v by_o she_o they_o may_v take_v joint_o with_o she_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o take_v by_o descent_n from_o the_o say_v roberges_n because_o he_o which_o take_v it_o must_v not_o be_v heir_n to_o she_o but_o to_o the_o husband_n who_o never_o hold_v any_o estate_n therein_o and_o so_o to_o be_v short_a i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v gain_v by_o b._n by_o these_o word_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n the_o case_n upon_o the_o three_o point_n be_v this_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v point_n three_o point_n to_o one_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n then_o a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a and_o before_o the_o lord_n seize_v his_o estate_n be_v alter_v or_o change_v if_o now_o he_o can_v take_v advantage_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n or_o not_o wherein_o the_o alter_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o one_o to_o another_o be_v of_o like_a force_n as_o where_o it_o alter_v in_o the_o party_n self_n against_o which_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o if_o tenant_n for_o life_n make_v waste_n and_o then_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n grant_v over_o the_o reversion_n the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o now_o punish_v this_o waste_n and_o so_o mr._n perkins_n fol._n 20._o if_o a_o tenant_n alien_n in_o mortmain_n and_o 20._o perkins_n so_o 20._o then_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o signiory_n the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o enter_v for_o this_o mortmain_n so_o by_o fitz._n in_o his_o nat._n breed_v in_o his_o admeasurement_n brc._a fitz._n har._n nat._n brc._a of_o dower_n if_o a_o garden_n assign_v to_o a_o woman_n more_o dower_n than_o she_o ought_v to_o have_v and_o then_o grant_v his_o gardenship_n over_o the_o grantee_n can_v have_v a_o admeasurement_n of_o dower_n against_o she_o and_o so_o binghams_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 2._o rep._n where_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n remainder_n in_o fee_n of_o a_o tenancy_n hold_v rep._n binghams_n case_n cook_n 2_o rep._n by_o knight_n service_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n die_v his_o heir_n within_o age_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o signiory_n and_o then_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v by_o which_o the_o say_a heir_n be_v to_o have_v be_v in_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o signiory_n be_v grant_v away_o after_o the_o inception_n of_o the_o wardship_n before_o it_o be_v perfect_o due_a it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o neither_o the_o grant_n nor_o the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o so_o lessee_n for_o life_n without_o impeachment_n dicr_n bokenhams_n case_n in_o dicr_n of_o waist_n remainder_n for_o his_o own_o life_n the_o privilege_n be_v lose_v but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o do_v hold_v that_o in_o this_o case_n b._n after_o he_o have_v by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o condition_n alter_v his_o estate_n which_o he_o have_v when_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v commit_v yet_o shall_v he_o afterward_o take_v advantage_n thereof_o well_o enough_o as_o if_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n for_o life_n to_o i._o s._n and_o the_o first_o tenant_n for_o life_n commit_v waste_n or_o forfeiture_n he_o in_o the_o reversion_n can_v punish_v this_o during_o the_o life_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n for_o life_n but_o after_o his_o death_n he_o may_v also_o if_o one_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o be_v void_a and_o the_o lessor_n grant_v away_o his_o reversion_n the_o grantee_n may_v enter_v for_o breach_n of_o this_o condition_n by_o 11_o h._n 7._o 17._o and_o yet_o here_o the_o estate_n in_o reversion_n be_v alter_v from_o 17._o 11_o h._n 7._o 17._o one_o to_o another_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o another_o of_o a_o manor_n and_o a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a and_o then_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v that_o he_o in_o remainder_n may_v enter_v into_o this_o copyhold_n and_o yet_o this_o estate_n be_v alter_v into_o a_o possession_n from_o a_o remainder_n and_o in_o the_o case_n although_o the_o estate_n in_o b._n be_v alter_v yet_o it_o be_v by_o decreaser_n and_o so_o thereby_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o old_a estate_n he_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v like_a to_o a_o case_n where_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v tenant_n in_o special_a tail_n and_o they_o recover_v by_o assize_n and_o then_o the_o husband_n die_v and_o after_o his_o death_n without_o issue_n the_o wife_n estate_n be_v alter_v from_o a_o estate_n tail_n into_o a_o estate_n of_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a be_v again_o put_v out_o and_o disseize_v and_o she_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o redisseisin_n 77._o 2_o h._n 4._o 17._o &_o 26_o h._n 6._o title_n aid_v pl._n 77._o which_o will_v not_o lie_v but_o on_o the_o first_o estate_n and_o against_o the_o first_o party_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v maintain_v because_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o her_o former_a estate_n and_o so_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o estate_n of_o b._n be_v alter_v from_o his_o own_o life_n into_o the_o life_n of_o c._n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o he_o may_v take_v advantage_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n because_o the_o customary_a estate_n be_v utter_o void_a thereby_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n i_o be_o determine_v before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o discourse_n of_o new_a defence_n in_o my_o case_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n touch_v the_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o ancient_a defence_n which_o have_v have_v their_o be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n and_o in_o truth_n be_v the_o very_a material_n and_o memorial_n of_o antiquity_n and_o because_o bank_n and_o wall_n be_v the_o first_o name_v in_o the_o commission_n they_o shall_v therefore_o have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o my_o argument_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o approve_a defence_n as_o well_o against_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o fresh_a water_n that_o either_o art_n or_o nature_n have_v produce_v bank_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o utmost_a border_n of_o dry_a land_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o material_n with_o the_o ground_n wherein_o and_o whereon_o it_o stand_v it_o be_v sometime_o natural_a and_o in_o some_o place_n artificial_a natural_a as_o mountain_n raise_v high_a than_o other_o ground_n adjoin_v as_o it_o please_v the_o creator_n when_o the_o first_o huge_a chaos_n be_v separate_v divide_a and_o distribute_v artificial_a when_o it_o be_v cast_v by_o man_n hand_n justinian_n the_o emperor_n treat_v of_o these_o in_o his_o institutes_n and_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la divisione_n describe_v they_o in_o this_o manner_n riparum_fw-la usus_fw-la est_fw-la publicus_fw-la illar_n '_o verò_fw-la domin_v '_o ad_fw-la eos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la qui_fw-la proximior_fw-la praediis_fw-la domini_fw-la sunt_fw-la itaque_fw-la nave_n ad_fw-la eas_fw-la appellere_fw-la funes_fw-la arboribus_fw-la ibi_fw-la natis_fw-la religare_fw-la onus_fw-la aliquod_fw-la in_o his_o reponere_fw-la cuilibet_fw-la liberum_fw-la est_fw-la by_o which_o authority_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o ownership_n and_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n bank_n and_o bank_n of_o great_a river_n be_v to_o they_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o thereto_o adjoin_v and_o the_o tree_n grass_n and_o other_o thing_n thereon_o grow_v belong_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n as_o to_o tie_v the_o ship_n and_o boat_n to_o the_o tree_n and_o to_o tow_v they_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o to_o lade_v and_o unlade_v their_o merchandize_n thereon_o and_o for_o fisher_n to_o dry_v their_o net_n on_o and_o as_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o proprietor_n of_o the_o ground_n can_v justify_v the_o dig_v or_o cast_v of_o they_o down_o whereby_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v hinder_v of_o their_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o no_o more_o can_v the_o people_n which_o have_v but_o necessarium_fw-la usum_fw-la fall_v up_o the_o tree_n or_o mow_v the_o grass_n thereon_o grow_v neither_o aught_o they_o to_o dig_v ballast_n there_o but_o every_o one_o as_o well_o owner_n as_o user_n sic_fw-la uti_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la alienum_fw-la non_fw-la laedat_fw-la i_o can_v more_o apt_o compare_v a_o bank_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o navigable_a river_n then_o to_o a_o highway_n for_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v to_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v and_o the_o
and_o discretion_n the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n upon_o which_o i_o frame_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n be_v these_o videlicet_fw-la we_o have_v assign_v you_o theophilus_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o earsbie_n sir_n george_n manner_n knight_n sir_n philip_z tyrwhit_o and_o sir_n john_n wray_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n william_n pelham_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n edward_n ascough_n sir_n hamond_n knight_n anthony_n erby_n esq_n quor_n '_o the_o say_a earl_n lord_n and_o sir_n george_n manner_n we_o will_v to_o be_v three_o to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n drain_v sewer_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v repair_v amend_v or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o your_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o to_o do_v after_o our_o statute_n as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o lawful_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o those_o place_n where_o such_o default_n be_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o which_o word_n i_o conceive_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o proceed_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n first_o by_o survey_n 2._o by_o jury_n 3._o by_o discretion_n wherein_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o know_v perfect_o how_o to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o their_o power_n with_o due_a understanding_n of_o these_o part_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o law_n and_o the_o better_a to_o prepare_v they_o herein_o i_o shall_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o survey_n without_o a_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o their_o discretion_n without_o both_o survey_n and_o jury_n view_n and_o survey_n view_n be_v the_o primary_n part_n of_o survey_n and_o survey_n be_v much_o but_o not_o altogether_o direct_v by_o view_n it_o be_v true_a that_o view_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o perform_v in_o person_n and_o such_o view_n be_v take_v in_o trial_n of_o assize_n yet_o by_o the_o 36_o hen._n 8._o in_o dyer_n fol._n 61._o case_n peningtons_n case_n a_o very_a personal_a view_n need_v not_o in_o a_o assize_n if_o upon_o examination_n of_o the_o juror_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o they_o know_v the_o ground_n in_o question_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o can_v put_v the_o party_n in_o possession_n if_o he_o recover_v but_o in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n a_o express_a personal_a view_n be_v both_o require_v and_o requisite_a for_o the_o word_n of_o that_o writ_n direct_v the_o sheriff_n accedere_fw-la ad_fw-la locum_fw-la vastatum_fw-la in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v a_o diversity_n between_o a_o view_n and_o a_o survey_n for_o by_o the_o view_n one_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n only_o by_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o survey_v be_v not_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o thing_n by_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o by_o use_v other_o ceremony_n and_o circumstance_n as_o the_o hand_n to_o measure_v and_o the_o foot_n to_o pace_v the_o distance_n and_o the_o commissioner_n surveyor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v information_n by_o examination_n of_o other_o and_o although_o judge_v fitz._n in_o 27_o h._n 8._o fol._n 27._o hold_n a_o surveyor_n of_o very_o small_a esteem_n in_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v that_o he_o may_v hear_v see_v and_o say_v nothing_o oy_a voier_n &_o rien_fw-fr dier_z yet_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o that_o book_n i_o take_v a_o surveyor_n to_o be_v of_o more_o esteem_n and_o authority_n for_o by_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o 4_o edw._n 1._o rastal_a surveyor_n first_o he_o be_v there_o describe_v to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o be_v to_o view_v the_o work_n and_o to_o make_v inquity_n 1._o 4_o ed._n 1._o and_o to_o set_v down_o which_o be_v copyhold_n which_o be_v freehold_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o surveyor_n be_v a_o actor_n and_o not_o a_o looker_n on_o as_o mr._n fitzherbert_n will_v have_v he_o so_o by_o these_o description_n the_o commissioner_n may_v inform_v themselves_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n survey_v put_v in_o the_o statute_n and_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o a_o officer_n as_o a_o surveyor_n for_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o bridge_n and_o highway_n there_o be_v such_o officer_n appoint_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n there_o be_v a_o grave_a officer_n appoint_v who_o be_v call_v the_o surveyor_n general_a of_o that_o court_n and_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o matter_n there_o handle_v and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o officer_n in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n call_v a_o surveyor_n who_o have_v no_o judicial_a power_n but_o be_v mere_o a_o officer_n what_o thing_n officer_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n only_o every_o thing_n which_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o do_v must_v be_v by_o true_a understanding_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o this_o must_v be_v so_o do_v that_o they_o make_v such_o distinction_n difference_n and_o application_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o knowledge_n skill_n and_o learning_n or_o otherwise_o their_o proceed_n will_v prove_v irregular_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o meet_v to_o describe_v the_o officer_n surveyor_n as_o former_o i_o have_v do_v but_o also_o his_o office_n which_o i_o now_o mean_a to_o do_v first_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v view_v the_o defence_n and_o thereby_o may_v inform_v themselves_o which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o repair_v and_o amend_v and_o which_o not_o and_o wherein_o the_o default_n and_o defect_n appear_v to_o be_v and_o what_o they_o be_v second_o they_o may_v by_o survey_n take_v notice_n and_o knowledge_n by_o conference_n with_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n and_o other_o officer_n what_o thing_n be_v fit_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o effect_v the_o work_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n will_v be_v spend_v for_o the_o finish_n thereof_o three_o the_o commissioner_n may_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n in_o the_o bank_n wall_n rivers_n stream_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o of_o the_o height_n and_o lowness_n of_o the_o say_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o may_v thereby_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o the_o want_n imperfection_n weakness_n and_o strength_n of_o they_o and_o so_o may_v cause_v the_o let_n and_o impediment_n to_o be_v remove_v and_o the_o want_v to_o be_v supply_v and_o the_o weak_a place_n strengthen_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v four_o also_o by_o survey_n only_o they_o may_v sufficient_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o encroachment_n and_o of_o the_o straitness_n depth_n wideness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o river_n stream_n gutter_n and_o sewer_n and_o may_v view_v the_o defect_n in_o these_o kind_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v produce_v as_o proper_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o jury._n first_o what_o person_n or_o person_n do_v erect_v and_o set_v up_o any_o let_v and_o impediment_n as_o a_o floodgate_n mill-dam_n or_o such_o like_a must_v be_v find_v by_o jury_n for_o here_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o be_v these_o and_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v or_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n or_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v thereabouts_o by_o the_o say_a wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o article_n be_v full_a within_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o jury_n and_o no_o other_o accusation_n be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n in_o the_o law_n to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o his_o answer_n and_o herein_o the_o maker_n of_o these_o law_n do_v sage_o for_o how_o shall_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n take_v notice_n by_o view_n or_o survey_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v or_o commit_v in_o their_o absence_n second_o if_o any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v defective_a by_o neglect_n or_o sufferance_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o inquire_v by_o
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o