a_o new-years-gift_n for_o the_o anti-prerogative-man_n or_o a_o lawyer_n opinion_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o majesty_n power-royal_a of_o grant_v pardon_n as_o he_o please_v wherein_o be_v more_o particular_o discuss_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o e._n of_o d_n pardon_n by_o way_n of_o letter_n to_o a_o friend_n seneca_n to_o the_o emperor_n occidere_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la seruare_fw-la nemo_fw-la praeter_fw-la te_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 1._o c._n 8._o de_fw-fr corona_n rex_fw-la potestatem_fw-la habet_fw-la jucondi_fw-la de_fw-la vita_fw-la &_o membris_fw-la vel_fw-la tol_fw-mi lendi_fw-la vitam_fw-la vel_fw-la concedendi_fw-la london_n print_v by_o h._n h._n for_o john_n fish_n near_o the_o golden_a tun_n in_o the_o strand_n 1682._o a_o new-years-gift_n for_o the_o anti-prerogative-man_n etc._n etc._n sir_n you_o i_o have_v receive_v and_o read_v wherein_o you_o be_v please_v to_o intimate_v to_o i_o that_o you_o be_v now_o very_o well_o satisfy_v in_o your_o mind_n by_o read_v over_o those_o several_a piece_n i_o send_v you_o touch_v the_o right_n that_o my_o lord_n the_o bishop_n claim_n to_o judge_v in_o capital_a cause_n in_o parliament_n as_o likewise_o the_o unreasonableness_n of_o exclude_v his_o royal_a highness_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n from_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n but_o there_o be_v yet_o say_v you_o a_o three_o scruple_n remain_v on_o you_o and_o that_o be_v about_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o e._n of_o d_n pardon_n wherefore_o you_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o know_v of_o i_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o hitherto_o purposely_o write_v on_o that_o subject_a whether_o i_o think_v that_o same_o pardon_v good_a and_o in_o case_n i_o do_v you_o expect_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o reason_n why_o i_o do_v so_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o my_o humour_n to_o engage_v myself_o in_o such_o kind_n of_o controversy_n at_o any_o time_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o this_o instant_n you_o have_v ever_o know_v i_o like_o yourself_o a_o great_a admirer_n of_o that_o principle_n we_o common_o call_v self-preservation_n however_o in_o obedience_n to_o your_o command_n and_o to_o satisfy_v that_o obligation_n which_o lie_v on_o i_o so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v to_o vindicate_v truth_n and_o the_o father_n of_o our_o country_n in_o his_o prerogative-royal_a i_o shall_v not_o value_v the_o sleep_a as_o they_o say_v in_o a_o whole_a skin_n but_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o say_v something_o which_o may_v not_o be_v impertinent_a towards_o the_o conviction_n of_o anti-prerogative-man_n and_o your_o own_o satisfaction_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o show_v you_o 1._o what_o a_o pardon_n be_v 2._o by_o who_o and_o in_o who_o name_n only_o all_o pardon_n be_v make_v 3._o what_o thing_n his_o majesty_n may_v and_o what_o he_o may_v not_o pardon_v 4._o who_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o validity_n and_o invalidity_n of_o a_o pardon_n when_o plead_v in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n or_o elsewhere_o and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o my_o sentiment_n in_o particular_a concern_v the_o pardon_n grant_v to_o the_o e._n of_o d._n together_o with_o solution_n to_o some_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o coffeehouse_n a_o pardon_n say_v sir_n edward_n coke_n be_v a_o work_n of_o mercy_n whereby_o the_o king_n either_o before_o attiander_n sentence_n or_o conviction_n or_o after_o forgive_v any_o crime_n offence_n punishment_n execution_n right_o title_n debt_n or_o duty_n temporal_a or_o ecclesiastical_a or_o a_o pardon_n say_v other_o be_v the_o remit_v or_o forgive_a any_o offence_n commit_v contra_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la &_o coronam_fw-la regis_fw-la agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o seneca_n venia_fw-la est_fw-la poenae_fw-la meritae_fw-la remissio_fw-la so_o that_o liberatio_fw-la a_o poena_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o a_o pardon_n and_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o dispensation_n thus_o a_o dispensation_n obtain_v do_v jus_n dare_v and_o make_v the_o thing_n prohibit_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o party_n who_o have_v it_o but_o a_o pardon_n free_v from_o the_o punishment_n due_a for_o a_o thing_n unlawful_o do_v yet_o freedom_n from_o punishment_n be_v a_o consequent_a of_o a_o dispensation_n though_o not_o its_o effect_n as_o it_o be_v most_o ingenious_o observe_v by_o the_o late_a lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o be_o to_o consider_v who_o prerogative_n it_o be_v to_o grant_v pardon_n this_o sure_o none_o can_v challenge_v but_o the_o king_n in_o who_o be_v vest_v the_o sovereign_n and_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n this_o i_o will_v make_v good_a by_o way_n of_o syllogism_n he_o in_o who_o be_v vest_v the_o sovereign_n and_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n but_o in_o the_o king_n be_v vest_v the_o sovereign_n and_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n only_o have_v power_n of_o life_n &_o death_n the_o major_a proposition_n i_o prove_v thus_o gladii_fw-la curtius_n et_fw-la cùm_fw-la in_o regali_fw-la solio_fw-la residebiâ—_n aquavitae_fw-la necisque_fw-la omnium_fw-la civium_fw-la dominus_fw-la zouch_n element_n part_n 4._o sect_n 4._o ad_fw-la majestatem_fw-la spectat_fw-la potestas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la ac_fw-la nâ—cis_fw-la cùm_fw-la solus_fw-la princeps_fw-la primariò_fw-la habet_fw-la jus_fw-la gladii_fw-la jus_fw-la gladii_fw-la power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n be_v a_o essential_a and_o inseparable_a attribute_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o supreme_a authority_n for_o where_o there_o be_v not_o jus_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o necis_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o supreme_a power_n ergo_fw-la he_o in_o who_o be_v vest_v the_o sovereign_a power_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o for_o the_o minor_a proposition_n i_o presume_v no_o body_n except_o a_o popeling_o or_o a_o whig_n but_o will_v grant_v that_o our_o king_n be_v supreme_a governor_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o all_o other_o his_o dominion_n see_v our_o authentic_a law_n and_o statute_n do_v so_o express_o and_o so_o often_o say_v it_o all_o say_v bracton_n be_v under_o the_o king_n 5._o bracton_n lib._n 1._o c._n â—_o num_fw-la 5._o and_o the_o king_n be_v under_o god_n only_o he_o have_v no_o equal_a in_o his_o realm_n no_o co-ordination_a here_o because_o then_o he_o can_v not_o command_v all_o for_o among_o equal_n there_o can_v be_v no_o empire_n therefore_o much_o less_o be_v any_o his_o superior_n or_o can_v challenge_v great_a power_n because_o than_o he_o will_v be_v under_o his_o subject_n and_o inferiores_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la homine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la rex_fw-la say_v mr._n cambden_n supremam_fw-la potestatem_fw-la &_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la habet_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o imperii_fw-la clientela_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la investituram_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la quovis_fw-la accipit_fw-la nec_fw-la praeter_fw-la deum_fw-la superiorem_fw-la agnoscit_fw-la the_o king_n have_v sovereign_a power_n and_o absolute_a command_n among_o we_o neither_o hold_v he_o his_o empire_n in_o vassalage_n nor_o receive_v his_o investiture_n or_o installing_n of_o another_o nor_o yet_o acknowledge_v any_o superior_a but_o god_n alone_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 24_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o 1_o eliz._n c._n 1._o &_o 1_o jac._n c._n 1._o the_o crown_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v affirm_v to_o be_v a_o imperial_a crown_n and_o what_o a_o empire_n be_v sir_n thomas_n ridley_n will_v give_v you_o a_o clear_a demonstration_n by_o the_o empire_n say_v that_o most_o learned_a civilian_n â—aw_v pâ—rt_n 2._o capâ—t_n sect_n 7._o view_v of_o the_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a â—aw_v i_o understand_v not_o only_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n but_o also_o every_o several_a kingdom_n which_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o emperor_n than_o his_o own_o sovereign_n for_o howsoever_o they_o differ_v in_o name_n and_o title_n yet_o be_v the_o office_n itself_o all_o one_o for_o every_o one_o be_v god_n immediate_a vicar_n upon_o earth_n in_o their_o own_o kingdom_n for_o matter_n appertain_v to_o justice_n but_o further_a in_o our_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n we_o swear_v that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o only_a supreme_a governor_n supreme_a so_o none_o not_o the_o pope_n above_o he_o and_o only_o supreme_a so_o none_o have_v any_o coequal_a coordinate_a corrival_n power_n with_o his_o sovereignty_n but_o it_o have_v be_v heretofore_o say_v by_o some_o hunt-scrap_n statist_n that_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n be_v take_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o exclude_v the_o supremacy_n usurp_v by_o that_o old_a gentleman_n for_o many_o year_n it_o be_v truth_n they_o speak_v but_o sure_o not_o all_o the_o truth_n for_o there_o be_v two_o point_n in_o it_o the_o one_o that_o be_v negative_a whereby_o we_o profess_v that_o not_o any_o foreign_a state_n
lordship_n by_o the_o commoner_n be_v fit_a or_o requisite_a for_o the_o king_n to_o pass_v into_o law_n but_o also_o of_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o of_o matter_n of_o fact_n either_o not_o determinable_a in_o other_o court_n yet_o in_o regard_n of_o nicety_n or_o special_a matter_n they_o can_v well_o discern_v or_o judge_v moreover_o to_o these_o lord_n of_o parliament_n belong_v a_o power_n and_o that_o derive_v from_o the_o record_n vide_fw-la cotton_v tower_n record_n crown_n of_o give_v judgement_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n of_o impeachment_n for_o several_a crime_n of_o slander_n of_o peer_n of_o breach_n of_o privilege_n both_o upon_o peer_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o capital_a censure_n of_o behead_n hang_v draw_v quarter_a imprisonment_n banishment_n fine_a and_o forfeiture_n both_o of_o land_n good_n and_o office_n inflict_v on_o offender_n now_o these_o two_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o i_o mean_v be_v convene_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o advice_n in_o difficult_a and_o weighty_a matter_n relate_v to_o church_n and_o state_n and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o ease_v their_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o much_o labour_n but_o do_v not_o thereby_o deprive_v he_o of_o any_o one_o tittle_n of_o royal-power_n they_o may_v say_v the_o most_o glorious_a royal_a martyr_n remember_v that_o at_o best_o they_o sit_v in_o parliament_n as_o my_o subject_n not_o my_o superior_n call_v to_o be_v my_o counsellor_n not_o dictator_n their_o summons_n extend_v to_o recommend_v their_o advice_n and_o not_o to_o command_v my_o duty_n you_o must_v know_v that_o by_o call_v a_o parliament_n which_o be_v but_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o such_o they_o continue_v as_o well_o collective_o as_o they_o be_v before_o single_o and_o a_o meeting_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n dissolvable_a at_o pleasure_n the_o king_n be_v not_o grow_v less_o or_o depart_v with_o any_o thing_n either_o by_o way_n of_o abdication_n or_o communication_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o be_v vest_v in_o he_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v more_o than_o one_o sovereign_n in_o a_o kingdom_n a_o thing_n altogether_o inconsistent_a with_o supremacy_n and_o monarchy_n so_o that_o the_o sovereignty_n must_v be_v total_o in_o the_o king_n and_o where_o that_o be_v there_o must_v be_v gladii_fw-la potestas_fw-la the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n a_o right_a as_o well_o of_o pardon_v as_o of_o punish_v offender_n like_a as_o divers_a other_o thing_n do_v sole_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o imperial_a crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n whereof_o the_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v as_o the_o power_n of_o call_v hold_v prorogue_a and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n of_o advance_v to_o honour_n office_n and_o command_n of_o raise_v of_o army_n of_o enter_v into_o league_n and_o treaty_n of_o sound_v corporation_n guild_v and_o fraternity_n of_o coin_v of_o money_n of_o make_v letter_n of_o denization_n to_o who_o and_o how_o many_o he_o will_v together_o with_o many_o other_o thing_n that_o appertain_v to_o his_o majesty_n as_o special_a flower_n of_o his_o crown_n the_o king_n of_o england_n i_o must_v confess_v may_v limit_v himself_o by_o promise_n or_o contract_n in_o parliament_n as_o he_o have_v be_v please_v to_o restrain_v himself_o from_o the_o use_n of_o that_o power_n which_o make_v new_a law_n and_o repeal_v old_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o likewise_o from_o raise_v money_n upon_o the_o subject_a without_o their_o consent_n not_o to_o pardon_v the_o offence_n of_o such_o person_n as_o be_v before_o impeach_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o two_o house_n or_o the_o like_a but_o then_o i_o must_v demand_v that_o such_o a_o grant_v be_v produce_v let_v it_o be_v make_v appear_v by_o a_o authentic_a record_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v so_o and_o when_o such_o a_o record_n be_v show_v i_o shall_v be_v as_o ready_a to_o plead_v against_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o e._n of_o d_n pardon_n as_o i_o do_v now_o for_o it_o till_o than_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v beside_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o affirm_v that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o precedent_n in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n wherein_o any_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v be_v pardon_v by_o the_o king_n after_o a_o impeachment_n have_v be_v transmit_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o commons_o but_o a_o precedent_n must_v be_v offer_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o pardon_n have_v be_v adjudge_v void_a where_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v by_o a_o peer_n in_o a_o late_a that_o be_v charge_v with_o high_a treason_n in_o a_o former_a parliament_n but_o further_a yet_o sir_n if_o the_o king_n can_v under_o his_o great-seal_n command_v all_o process_n and_o proceed_n in_o criminal_a cause_n to_o cease_v against_o one_o accuse_v before_o in_o parliament_n then_o sure_a what_o shall_v hinder_v but_o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v such_o a_o one_o for_o a_o discharge_n of_o any_o further_o proceed_v against_o such_o a_o one_o direct_v to_o the_o judge_n and_o their_o award_n thereon_o that_o the_o party_n accuse_v shall_v go_v sine_z die_v be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o pardon_n under_o the_o broad-seal_n of_o england_n now_o that_o there_o have_v be_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o discharge_n and_o thereon_o a_o award_n give_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n to_o that_o purpose_n i_o will_v make_v good_a by_o this_o record_n follow_v steven_n gravesend_n 239._o pasch_fw-mi 4.7_o e._n 3._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la rot._n 53._o co._n 3._o inst_z 239._o bishop_n of_o london_n be_v accuse_v in_o parliament_n for_o adherency_n to_o edmond_n earl_n of_o kent_n in_o his_o treason_n where_o by_o order_n of_o parliament_n the_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o kings-bench_n to_o be_v try_v where_o the_o bishop_n plead_v not-guilty_a and_o afterward_o be_v discharge_v by_o the_o king_n write_v under_o the_o great-seal_n direct_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n to_o this_o effect_n licet_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la stephanus_n london_n episcopus_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la nostrum_fw-la coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la sectam_fw-la nostram_fw-la implacitetur_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la edmundo_n nuper_fw-la comiti_fw-la kantiae_fw-la adhaesisse_fw-la debuerat_fw-la quia_fw-la tamen_fw-la predict_v episcopus_fw-la de_fw-la adhaesione_fw-la predict_v omnino_fw-la immunem_fw-la reputamus_fw-la vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la placito_fw-la predict_v coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la ulterius_fw-la tenen_fw-la omnino_fw-la supersedeatis_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n 12_o die_v decembr_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 4._o the_o award_n of_o the_o court_n that_o be_v give_v thereupon_o be_v very_o remarkable_a viz._n cujus_fw-la brevis_fw-la praetextu_fw-la consideratum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la eat_v inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la ulterius_fw-la non_fw-la procedatur_fw-la versus_fw-la eum_fw-la sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o same_o record_n comment_v thus_o this_o man_n it_o may_v be_v thought_n that_o the_o take_n of_o the_o pardon_n shall_v be_v a_o employ_v confession_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o therefore_o go_v a_o new_a way_n but_o no_o man_n that_o be_v wise_a and_o well_o advise_v will_v refuse_v god_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_v how_o often_o soever_o he_o may_v have_v it_o for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o offend_v god_n and_o the_o king_n almost_o every_o day_n and_o the_o pardon_n be_v the_o safe_a and_o sure_a way_n out_o of_o this_o notable_a precedent_n and_o the_o comment_n of_o sir_n edward_n coke_n thereon_o we_o may_v make_v these_o several_a remark_n first_o that_o though_o steven_n gravesend_n be_v charge_v with_o high_a treason_n before_o in_o parliament_n yet_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n upon_o the_o king_n write_v to_o they_o direct_v under_o the_o broad-seal_n do_v award_v that_o the_o say_v steven_n shall_v go_v sine_fw-la die_v et_fw-la ulterius_fw-la non_fw-la procedatur_fw-la versus_fw-la eum_fw-la second_o that_o this_o same_o award_n be_v give_v by_o the_o judge_n before_o any_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n pass_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n three_o that_o if_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v with_o steven_n gravesend_n have_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o parliament_n the_o lord_n and_o commons_o will_v no_o doubt_n have_v dispute_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n and_o i_o can_v learn_v out_o of_o any_o antiquary_n or_o historian_n that_o this_o same_o bishop_n of_o london_n be_v ever_o question_v afterward_o in_o parliament_n or_o the_o kings-bench_n judge_n for_o thus_o obey_v the_o king_n writ_n four_o that_o if_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o gravesend_n case_n be_v valid_a in_o law_n as_o it_o be_v
high_a court_n of_o parliament_n that_o with_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n reside_v the_o prime_a and_o supreme_a power_n of_o interpret_n of_o his_o own_o law_n rescript_n and_o grant_n can_v be_v deny_v for_o both_o the_o common_a and_o civil_a law_n professor_n do_v affirm_v unicus_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o c._n 16._o num_fw-la 3._o fleta_n lib._n 3._o c._n 14._o num_fw-la 4._o d._n 28.6_o 43._o d._n 50._o 17.191_o c._n 1.14.12_o 1._o princeps_fw-la conditor_fw-la &_o interpres_fw-la legum_n unicus_fw-la that_o in_o doubtful_a and_o obscure_a point_n the_o interpretation_n and_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v since_o it_o be_v his_o part_n to_o interpret_v who_o make_v the_o law_n or_o grant_n now_o our_o king_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n and_o interpreter_n have_v communicate_v this_o his_o authority_n to_o some_o particular_a person_n for_o the_o interpret_n and_o expound_v his_o law_n and_o grant_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o have_v so_o delegated_a this_o power_n to_o they_o be_v render_v by_o fortescue_n thus_o you_o shall_v better_o say_v he_o to_o h._n 6._o execute_v judgement_n by_o other_o than_o by_o yourself_o neither_o have_v it_o be_v see_v that_o any_o king_n of_o england_n have_v pronounce_v judgement_n with_o his_o own_o mouth_n the_o former_a part_n of_o fortescue_n word_n be_v orthodox_n but_o the_o latter_a part_n be_v not_o so_o if_o the_o famous_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n may_v be_v credit_v for_o he_o in_o his_o note_n ad_fw-la cap._n 8._o of_o fortescue_n affirm_v that_o king_n themselves_o often_o sit_v in_o court_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o in_o the_o roll_n of_o charter_n under_o king_n john_n and_o the_o time_n near_o he_o often_o occur_v grant_n that_o such_o or_o such_o english_a shall_v not_o be_v implead_v or_o put_v to_o answer_n nisi_fw-la coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la vel_fw-la capitali_fw-la justitia_fw-la nostra_fw-la and_o to_o norman_n nisi_fw-la coram_fw-la nobis_fw-la vel_fw-la capitali_fw-la seneschallo_n nostro_fw-la here_o coram_fw-la capitali_fw-la justitia_fw-la be_v divide_v from_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la 73._o that_o king_n have_v in_o former_a time_n personal_o sit_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n vide_fw-la co._n litt._n 7.1_o b._n cambdens_fw-la britannia_fw-la in_o engl._n f._n 178._o sir_n henry_n wootton_v hist._n of_o christendom_n f._n 213._o co._n 4._o inst._n 73._o the_o last_o signify_v before_o the_o king_n person_n although_o now_o plea_n hold_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n before_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o capitalis_fw-la justitia_fw-la be_v enter_v coram_fw-la rege_fw-la but_o è_fw-la diverticulo_fw-la in_o viam_fw-la we_o will_v return_v to_o the_o point_n propose_v and_o show_v you_o who_o be_v the_o competent_a judge_n of_o the_o validity_n or_o invalidity_n of_o a_o pardon_v plead_v in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n in_o order_n thereto_o we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o matter_n move_v in_o the_o upper_a house_n of_o parliament_n that_o concern_v the_o custom_n and_o privilege_n thereof_o and_o those_o matter_n that_o pure_o concern_v the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o former_a must_v be_v determine_v adjudge_v and_o discuss_v by_o the_o course_n of_o parliament_n 63._o co._n 4._o inst._n f._n 15._o co._n lib._n 13._o f._n 63._o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n nor_o yet_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n use_v in_o more_o inferior_a court_n which_o be_v so_o declare_v to_o be_v secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la concern_v the_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o like_o pari_fw-la ratione_fw-la be_v for_o the_o commons_o for_o any_o thing_n move_v or_o do_v in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o any_o question_n arise_v mere_o upon_o the_o common_a or_o statute_n law_n the_o judge_n of_o england_n be_v to_o give_v their_o opinion_n when_o ever_o it_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o their_o house_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o pardon_v be_v plead_v by_o a_o peer_n or_o any_o other_o person_n there_o and_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v good_a or_o not_o in_o law_n parliament_n vide_fw-la sir_n robert_n filmer_n patriarcha_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v of_o what_o authority_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v in_o parliament_n this_o query_n i_o humble_o conceive_v must_v be_v refer_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o king_n justice_n for_o their_o solution_n and_o as_o all_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o majority_n of_o they_o shall_v declare_v themselves_o pro_fw-la or_o con_v the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v wont_v usual_o to_o determine_v and_o give_v sentence_n according_o but_o if_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o manner_n and_o circumstance_n that_o attend_v such_o a_o pardon_n be_v valid_a or_o not_o by_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o parliament_n than_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n themselves_o be_v sole_o to_o decide_v the_o doubt_n without_o any_o reference_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n for_o they_o be_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o any_o matter_n of_o parliament_n 27._o vide_fw-la cotton_n collect_v f._n 651._o 31_o h._n 6._o num_fw-la 27._o and_o so_o have_v they_o in_o several_a parliament_n confess_v this_o sir_n may_v suffice_v as_o to_o the_o four_o particular_a by_o i_o propound_v and_o now_o i_o hasten_v to_o the_o last_o point_n of_o all_o and_o that_o be_v to_o consider_v of_o the_o e._n of_o d_n case_n in_o particular_a but_o before_o i_o shall_v handle_v it_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o this_o that_o wherever_o i_o have_v or_o shall_v mention_v peer_n or_o lord_n of_o parliament_n i_o intend_v as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a as_o the_o lord_n temporal_a for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v now_o as_o i_o understand_v you_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a have_v as_o much_o right_n in_o virtue_n of_o their_o temporal_a barony_n to_o sit_v in_o capital_a case_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n can_v pretend_v to_o and_o i_o be_o very_o persuade_v that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o criminal_a cause_n handle_v in_o parliament_n where_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a do_v not_o sit_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o proxy_n and_o if_o not_o one_o of_o these_o way_n yet_o undoubted_o they_o upon_o their_o withdraw_n ever_o enter_v their_o protestation_n for_o the_o save_n of_o that_o same_o right_a and_o privilege_n and_o so_o i_o now_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o e._n of_o d_n pardon_n and_o i_o take_v this_o pardon_v i_o if_o i_o mistake_v to_o be_v his_o case_n the_o e._n of_o d._n be_v impeach_v before_o the_o lord_n case_n e._n of_o d_n case_n by_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o of_o several_a other_o misdemeanour_n but_o before_o any_o further_a proceed_n in_o proof_n of_o the_o charge_n against_o he_o his_o majesty_n dissolve_v that_o parliament_n and_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n thereof_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o e._n of_o d._n a_o pardon_n of_o all_o treason_n and_o misdemeanour_n whatsoever_o and_o than_o his_o majesty_n call_v another_o parliament_n whereat_o the_o commoner_n exhibit_v new_a article_n of_o the_o same_o treason_n and_o misdemeanour_n against_o the_o say_a earl_n whereupon_o he_o plead_v the_o say_a pardon_n to_o this_o second_o impeachment_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n now_o the_o question_n will_v be_v the_o query_n whether_o this_o pardon_v be_v good_a or_o not_o the_o resolution_n whereof_o will_v depend_v on_o a_o answer_n give_v to_o this_o query_n follow_v viz._n whether_o his_o majesty_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative-royal_a can_v pardon_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o two_o parliament_n those_o crime_n whereof_o the_o e._n of_o d._n be_v impeach_v in_o the_o former_a parliament_n i_o humble_o conceive_v that_o his_o majesty_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative-royal_a grant_v such_o a_o pardon_n i_o presume_v it_o will_v be_v admit_v that_o have_v this_o pardon_n be_v purchase_v before_o any_o impeachment_n in_o parliament_n it_o have_v be_v good_a but_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o after_o article_n exhibit_v in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n make_v the_o doubt_n which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v thus_o to_o clear_v the_o commons_o it_o be_v true_a as_o the_o general_a inquisitor_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v authority_n from_o the_o king_n to_o examine_v any_o crime_n be_v it_o treason_n felony_n oppression_n bribery_n extortion_n or_o the_o like_a commit_v by_o a_o lord_n of_o parliament_n spiritual_a or_o temporal_a and_o if_o they_o find_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o house_n the_o charge_n to_o be_v true_a they_o have_v power_n to_o transmit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o lord_n with_o the_o witness_n and_o proof_n as_o for_o the_o peer_n they_o be_v the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o this_o nation_n not_o only_o to_o judge_v whether_o matter_n present_v to_o their_o