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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12567	Certain discourses, vvritten by Sir Iohn Smythe, Knight: concerning the formes and effects of diuers sorts of weapons, and other verie important matters militarie, greatlie mistaken by diuers of our men of warre in these daies; and chiefly, of the mosquet, the caliuer and the long-bow; as also, of the great sufficiencie, excellencie, and wonderful effects of archers: with many notable examples and other particularities, by him presented to the nobilitie of this realme, & published for the benefite of this his natiue countrie of England	Smythe, John, Sir, ca. 1534-1607.	1590 (1590)	STC 22883; ESTC S117657	85,512	138

ambush more than a league beyond the towne of Ard towardes Teroüenne where encountring with the English light horsemē auant courirs they did ouerthrowe them which being perceiued by the English Captaines of the conuoy they presently reduced their carriages into a conuenient forme and placing conuenient numbers of Archers in the two open places of the carriages before and behind and forcing all other places betwixt carriages and carriages with Archers where the French Launces might haue anie entrance after a long fight and many charges by the men at armes of France and their shot giuen the terrible effect of the volees of arrowes was such that a great number of their horses were wounded or slaine and one of their chief Captaines called Monsieur de Plessis lifting vp his sword to strike was with an arrowe shot in at the arme hole through his gusset of maile and there slaine with many other men at armes French Gentlemen of good accompt In such sort that the French which did farre exceed the English in number were that day repulsed and ouerthrowne by the excellencie of Archers And at this action there is an old English Gentleman yet aliue whose name is Master Caudwell that was there present And these examples aforesaid are sufficient I thinke to conuince and confound the vaine opinions and obiections before mentioned Now if the effect of volees of arrowes bee so terrible both against horsemen and footmen armed as I haue before declared by so many reasons examples what then are the volees of arrowes able to performe against Mosquettiers and Harquebuziers that are in a manner altogether disarmed whose weapons of fire in the field doo rather terrifie and make afraid yonglings and nouices of warre with smoake and noyse than with anie often killing hurting or wounding them with bullets whereof not onlie old soldiers but horses also that are a little vsed to their fire crackes and smoake are not anie thing amazed nor afraid but three or foure volees of arrowes lighting amongst anie number of Mosquettiers or Harquebuziers how old and braue soldiers soeuer they bee will so amaze and terrifie them that they shall faile to charge their peeces to put touch powder into their pannes their matches into their serpentines Besides that they will either wound kill or mischiefe them in such sort as happie those that with three or foure arrowes in their bodies faces armes or legges throwing downe their Harquebuzes and Mosquets can escape out of the terror and daunger of the volees of arrowes For confirmation wherof there be diuers moderne examples with verie honorable testimonie of such as are yet liuing verie honorable by birth and parentage as also by titles of honor and worthines of the which that noble Gentleman Ambrose Earle of Warwicke is one that accompanied the Duke of Northumberland his father then Earle of Warwicke a man of great valour and sufficiencie for the gouerning and conducting of an Armie who in the yeare 1548. was sent by King Edward the sixt as his Lieutenant generall with an Armie of horsemen and footmen to suppresse the rebellion of Ket in Norffolke who at that time lay encamped with a great power of notorious and hardie rebells by the Citie of Norwich vppon a high hill called Mount Surrey to the which Citie the Duke with his Armie being come he with great order did encampe and lodge himselfe and his Armie on the other side of the citie and riuer the next day he entred the towne and brought in foure and twentie field peeces to the chiefe charge whereof he appointed the Coronell Courpenick an Alman and a great soldier with his regimēt of Almans which was twelue hundred the most of them braue shot and all old soldiers with diuers other English bands and valiant Captaines of our owne nation for the gard of the same but before they could throughlie entrench themselues those furious Rebels contrarie to all expectation descended downe their hil with such a furie of shot of arrowes being al Bowmen Swords and Bills that they gaue such a terror and feare to our people both strangers and English as they were faine to runne away with the losse of the Ordinance and slaughter of a great sort of soldiers and before the Duke could make head against them they had recouered eighteen field peeces and carried them vp to their hill euen with verie force of men And within two or three daies after those gallants did not let to abide the battaile against the Duke his whole Armie in the plaine field where the battaile was so manfullie fought on both sides that it could be hardlie iudged by the best soldiers that were there which side was like to preuaile but in the end God giuing the victorie it was seene by that battaile that arrowes were a most noble weapon And whereas the Duke at his first assembling and forming of his Armie had chaunged many Archers into Harquebuziers because he had no opinion of the Long Bowe he after that victorie and suppression of the Rebels vpon the experience that he in those actions had of the daunger and terror of arrowes his owne horse being wounded vnder him at that battaile with three or foure arrowes whereof he died did both then many times after openlie protest his error before Count Malatesta Baglion an ancient and a noble soldier Italian and other great Captaines Italians and Almans saying that from that time forward he would hold the Bowe to be the onelie weapon of the world and so did all the notable Captaines both English and strangers affirme the same And this I haue set downe almost verbatim from the report of the aforesaid Ambrose Earle of Warwicke that now is who was present at that action and had his horse also wounded vnder him with two or three arrowes In the same yeare of the raigne of King Edward the sixt also in the same sommer Sir Iohn Russel knight Lord priuie seale that was after Earle of Bedford being sent by the King as his Lieutenant generall with a great power both of horsemen and footmen against the Rebells of the West parts accompanied with the Lord Grey of Wilton Sir William Herbert after Earle of Penbrooke the Lord of Hunsdon that now is with manie others both Knights Esquiers of great worship and comming to certeine skirmishes encounters with the Rebells the Archers of the Rebells did so behaue themselues with their volees of arrowes against diuers old bands Harquebuziers Italians and Spaniards that they draue thē from all their strengths as from bancks ditches hedges and other aduantages of ground to the great mischiefe of manie of those strangers And of these great effects of Archers against Harquebuziers I haue heard the Lord 〈…〉 aforesaid who was there an eye witnes verie notably report Besides that manie yeares past I haue heard Captaine Spinola an Italian who was a verie braue soldier and wounded with arrowes in those seruices and

actions giue singular commendation of the Archerie of England To the like effect and singular commendation of Archers I haue also heard the aforesaid Earle of Warwicke diuers times further report that in the yeare 1562. he being at Newhauen in Normandie Lieutenant generall for the Queene that now is the notable and great Captaine Chastillon Admirall of France being then at the siege of Caen in Normandie and at that time fauoured by the Queene of England did send to the Earle for a succour of some English bands of the which he desired that the most might bee Archers But the Earle at that time hauing no Archers on that side the sea sent vnto him a supplie of sixe hundred braue Harquebuziers with some armed men also which he very thankfully receiued but therewithall signified vnto the Earle that he had rather haue had two hundred Archers and that he would haue performed greater seruice with that small nūber of Bowes than with all those braue Harquebuziers And this message was sent from that great Captaine to the Earle by Sir Francis Somserset Sir Nicholas Throgmorton and Sir William Pelham And shortlie after that notable Coronel Alman the Reingraue who had serued manie yeares in France accompanied with manie other braue Captaines both French and Almans with a great power both of horsmen and footmen comming downe and encamping not farre from Newhauen there happened a great skirmish betwixt certeine English bands of Newhauen and the French and Alman companies which continued verie hot with many volees of Harquebuze shot and newe supplies on euerie side but at the length the French and Almans exceeding the English farre in multitude forced them to retire with disorder euen to the verie gates of Newhauen during which action it happened that fourescore tall Archers Hamshire men did at that time land in the Hauen who taking their Bowes and sheafes of arrowes with their other furniture did presently march without any tarriance through the towne into the field where the skirmish was vpon whose comming the English bands that a little before were forced by the often charges and great multitude of the shot of their Enemies to retire euen to the verie town-ditches and gates taking courage a fresh they and the Bowmen entered againe into skirmish with the Almans and French where the fourescore Archers did behaue themselues so notably against the enemies with their volees of arrowes that with the braue and valiant charges which they and the rest of the English bands gaue vppon their enemies but chieflie with the excellencie of the Archers they forced them not onelie to retire but to turne their backes in such sort as putting a great number of them to the sword they became masters of the field Vpon which notable effect of those fewe Archers as also vpon diuers others that the Reingraue had before time seene in seruing against the English he shortlie after vppon the returne of a message that had been sent vnto him by the Earle of Warwicke Sir Edward Horsey being the messenger did most highly commend the notable effects that he long before in diuers seruices had seene performed by the English Archers against both horsemen and footmen said also that long before that time he knewe by experience that great numbers of English Archers were able to performe verie great matters in the field but that so small a number of Bowmen as were in that last great conflict should bee able with their arrowes to do so great mischiefe against his old bands of Almans French and Gascoignes he would not haue beleeued if he himselfe had not seene it And therefore did with great reason and experience protest and acknowledge the Long-bowes of England to bee the most excellent weapons for the field that were vsed by anie Nation in Christendome and said that the Queene of England had great cause so to esteeme and accompt of them And to this effect I haue diuers times heard the Earle of Warwicke himselfe verie notablie report I haue also heard Sir Iames Croft that honorable and most sufficient Gentleman that hath serued diuers of our Princes in manie great and principall offices and charges Militarie both in England France Scotland and Ireland declare verie notable effects which he himselfe hath seene by our Archers in diuers actions performed The particularities whereof as also his opinion concerning the excellencie of that weapon I remit to his owne report Now notwithstanding all these notable experiences and examples of the excellent effects of Archers against Harquebuziers our such men of warre haue vsed to alledge that neither the Harquebuzes were so good nor yet the Harquebuziers so skilfull in those daies as now their Caliuerers are whereunto it may be answered with great reason and experience of diuers auncient Captaines both Italians and Spaniards that I haue knowne of the which some are yet liuing that not onlie the Harquebuzes which the Italians Spaniards did vse fiftie or three score yeres past were as maniable and of as good forme as now they are but also that the Harquebuziers were as skilfull and perfect with that kind of weapon as they are now in these our daies And that hath manifestlie appeared by the infinite numbers of great skirmishes that haue bin verie effectuallie performed with Harquebuze shot in the Emperour Charles the French Kings warres in Italie France the Lowe Countries and Burgundie as also in Barbarie against the Turkes and Mores and in the warres of Germanie betwixt the said Emperour and the Duke of Saxonie other Reystates and Princes of Germanie Which opinions aforesaid misconceiued and verie ignorantlie alledged by our such men of warre to the disabling of the Harquebuziers of other Nations in times past and enhabling their Caliuerers of this time thereby to detract the excellent effects of our Long-bowes doth further manifest their lacke of sufficiencie to iudge of the exercises and vse of those weapons of fire not onlie of times past but also of this present time and that hath appeared in diuers of their seruices of the Lowe Countries as I haue heard certeine of our old Captaines of good experience affirme that haue seen some of their vnskilfull seruices in those parts and was also confirmed by the fained skirmish that some of their Captaines Officers and old bands of Harquebuziers and Mosquettiers of the Low Countries of their owne training did the last sommer most disorderlie performe before my Lord Treasurer at Tilburie where they discharged one in anothers necke and hauing discharged their peeces did run out of their troupes and stand still and charge their peeces againe and returning to giue newe volees did discharge their peeces at their fellowes hammes legges and backes running together thicke and threefold so disorderlie that it was a scorne to behold them and this in the opinion of many Gentlemen some old Captaines of good seruice and experience that were there present and beheld the same who concluded the

obiect against Archers Harquebuziers decayd in strēgth or hauing cricks or aches not able to vse their Harquebuzes Mosquettiers must be sound of body or els they are not able to vse their Mosquets Archers although with some aches are able to worke the effect of Archers Armed men must be sound and strōg and without aches Old soldiers should speake with consideratiō iudgement An obiection against Archers answered A great disaduantage for the English against forrain Nations The excellencie of the Lōg Bowe for battailes great encounters Differences speciallie to be noted Both horses and men that are vsed to harquebuze and mosquet shot are not afraide thereof The vollees sight of arrowes flying in the ayre doo wonderfullie terrifie The opiniō of the author of the great effectes and aduantages of Archers Horsemē and footemen ill armed in these dayes A great mistaking in placing of Archers shewed at Tilburie The auncient order of forming Archers in the field Froissart and the Frenche Chronicles The notable effect of Archers at the battaile of Crecy The French Kings horse slaine vnder him with arrowes Froissart and the Chronicles of France The wonderfull effect of arrowes at the battaile of Poictiers The battaile of Nauarretta The Frenche Chronicles The notable effect of Archers at the battaile of Agincourt The meruailous effect of Archers at the battaile of Herringes Another obiection and opinion against Archers answered A wonderfull effect of a few Archers The French Chronicles A merueilous effect wrought by a small nūber of Archers Martin du Bellay A notable effect of Archers Ambrose Earle of Warwicks experience of Archers penned with his owne hand The Lord of Hunsdons experience of Archers Captaine Spinolas opinion and experience of Archers This was also penned by Ambrose Earle of Warwicke himselfe The Admirall Chastillons opinion of Archers The Reingraues opiniō of Archers Sir Iames Crofts experience of Archers Harquebuziers were as maniable and of as good forme fiftie or threescore yeares past as now they are Harquebuziers Italians and Spaniards were as skilfull fiftie or threescore yeares past as now they are Our English Archers and Bowes are the most excellent of all other Nations Al conquering Nations haue vsed the Bowe as their chiefe weapon All great conquests next vnto God atchieued chiefly with the force of Arrowes The Gothes Vandalles and other Septentrionall Natiōs did atchiue all their victories chieflie with their Bowes The Arabians with great nūbers of archers on horsebacke did atchieue wonderfull victories and conquests The Arabians forgetting their Art militarie and vse of their Bowes were conquered by the Turkes The Turkes with great nūbers of Archers did atchieue manie great victories and conquests The Tartars with innumerable numbers of Archers on horsebacke did atchieue wonderfull victories and conquests The institutiō of the Ianissaries on foote is all Archers The inuention of artillery powder shot and small peeces of fire was not first in Germanie as some doe write and tell but they were first inuented in the kingdome of Cataia and in vse in diuers partes of Asia aboue 800. yeeres past that I haue read and also heard reported in Spaine by two Embassadours the one of Venice and the other of Portingall Some peraduenture will say that the Spaniards without Long bowes but with Cros-bowes Harquebuze shot other weapons haue cōquered a great part of the west Indies whereunto it is to be answered that those Indians were simple people that went naked and had no vse of yron nor steele An opinion contrarie to all reason and common experience Examples out of the scripture of diuers kings that haue bin wounded and slaine with arrowes Examples out of notable histories of manie Emperors Kings and great Captains wounded and slaine with arrowes The conclusion of this discourse How Crosse-bowers on horsebacke should be horsed armed and weaponed How Archers on horsebacke should be horsed armed and weaponed Crosse-bowers Archers on horsebacke of greater seruice than weapons of fire on horsebacke Harquebuzery more vncertaine on horsebacke than on foote with the imperfections thereof Many haue seene much in matters militarie and do vnderstand but little No discipline militarie in ciuill warres The principall causes of writing these discourses The English of all other Nations the best Archers No honorable nor worthie minded men anie wayes intended to be touched in this discourse