of Nottingham which although it is quite ruined and demolisht yet it being a seat which had pleased his Father very much he would not leave it since it was offer'd to be sold. His two Houses Welbeck and Bolsover he found much out of repair and this later half pull'd down no furniture or any necessary Goods were left in them but some few Hangings and Pictures which had been saved by the care and industry of his Eldest Daughter the Lady Cheiny and were bought over again after the death of his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield for they being given to him and he leaving some debts to be paid after his death My Lord sent to his other Son Henry now Earl of Ogle to endeavour for so much Credit that the said Hangings and Pictures which my Lord esteemed very much the Pictures being drawn by Van Dyke might be saved which he also did and My Lord hath paid the debt since his return Of eight Parks which my Lord had before the Wars there was but one left that was not quite destroyed Welbeck-Park of about four miles compass for my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish who bought out the life of my Lord in that Lordship saved most part of it from being cut down and in Blore-Park there were some few Deer left The rest of the Parks were totally defaced and destroyed both Wood Pales and Deer amongst which was also Clipston-Park of seven miles compass wherein my Lord had taken much delight formerly it being rich of Wood and containing the greatest and tallest Timber-trees of all the Woods he had in so much that onely the Pale-row was valued at 2000 l. It was water'd by a pleasant River that runs through it full of Fish and Otters was well stock'd with Deer full of Hares and had great store of Partriges Poots Pheasants c besides all sorts of Water-fowl so that this Park afforded all manner of sports for Hunting Hawking Coursing Fishing c. for which my Lord esteemed it very much And although his Patience and Wisdom is such that I never perceived him sad or discontented for his own Losses and Misfortunes yet when he beheld the ruines of that Park I observed him troubled though he did little express it onely saying he had been in hopes it would not have been so much defaced as he found it there being not one Timber-tree in it left for shelter However he patiently bore what could not be helped and gave present order for the cutting down of some Wood that was left him in a place near adjoining to repale it and got from several Friends Deer to stock it Thus though his Law-suits and other unavoidable expences were very chargeable to him yet he order'd his affairs so prudently that by degrees he stock'd and manur'd those Lands he keeps for his own use and in part repaired his Mannor-houses Welbeck and Bolsover to which later he made some additional building and though he has not yet built the Seat at Nottingham yet he hath stock'd and paled a little Park belonging to it Nor is it possible for him to repair all the ruines of the Estate that is left him in so short a time they being so great and his losses so considerable that I cannot without grief and trouble remember them for before the Wars my Lord had as great an Estate as any subject in the Kingdom descended upon him most by Women viz. by his Grandmother of his Father's side his own Mother and his first Wife What Estate his Grandfather left to his Father Sir Charles Cavendish I know not nor can I exactly tell what he had from his Grandmother but she was very rich for her third Husband Sir Will. Saint Loo gave her a good Estate in the West which afterwards descended upon my Lord my Lord's Mother being the younger daughter of the Lord Ogle and sole Heir after the death of her eldest Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury whom King Charles the First restored to her Fathers Dignity viz. Baroness of Ogle This Title descended upon my Lord and his Heirs General together with 3000 l. a year in Northumberland and besides the Estate left to my Lord she gave him 20000 l. in Money and kept him and his Family at her own charge for several years My Lord's first Wife who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk brought my Lord 2400 l. a Year Inheritance between six and seven thousand Pounds in Money and a jointure for her life of 800 l. a Year Besides my Lord increased his own Estate before the Wars to the value of 100000 l. and had increased it more had not the unhappy Wars prevented him for though he had some disadvantages in his Estate even before the Wars yet they are not considerable to those he suffered afterwards for the service of his King and Country For example His Father Sir Charles Cavendish had lent his Brother in Law Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury 16000 l. for which although afterward before his death he setled 2000 l. a year upon him yet he having injoyed the said Money for many years without paying any use for it it might have been improved to my Lord 's better advantage had it been in his Fathers own hands he being a Person of great prudence in managing his Estate and though the said Earl of Shrewsbury made my Lord his Executor yet my Lord was so far from making any advantage by that Trust even in what the Law allowed him that he lost 17000 l. by it and afterwards delivered up his Trust to William Earl of Pembrook and Thomas Earl of Arundel who both married two Daughters of the said Earl of Shrewsbury And since his return into England upon the desire of Henry Howard Second Son to the late Earl of Arundel and Heir apparent by reason of his Eldest Brother's Distemper he resigned his Trust and Interest to him which certainly is a very difficult business and yet questionable whether it may lawfully be done or not But such was my Lord's Love to the Family of the Shrewsburies that he would rather wrong himself then it To mention some lawful advantages which my Lord might have made by the said Trust it may be noted in the first place That the Earl of Shrewsbury's Estate was Let in long Leases which by the Law fell to the Executor Next that after some Debts and Legacies were paid out of those Lands which were set out for that purpose they were setled so that they fell to my Lord. Thirdly Seven hundred pounds a year was left as a Gift to my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish in case the Countess of Kent Second Daughter to the said Earl of Shrewsbury had no Children But my Lord never made any advantage for himself of all these neither was he inquisitive whether the said Countess of Kent cut off the Entail of that Land although she never had a Child for my Lord's
married Christian Daughter of Edward Lord Bruce a Scots-man by whom he had two Sons and one Daughter the Eldest Son William now Earl of Devonshire married Elizabeth the second Daughter of William Earl of Salisbury by whom he has three children viz. Two Sons and one Daughter whereof the Eldest Son William is married to the second Daughter of Iames now Duke of Ormond the second Son Charles is yet a youth The Daughter Anne married the Lord Rich the onely Son and Child to Charles now Earl of Warwick but he dyed without Issue The second Son of William Earl of Devonshire and Brother to the now Earl of Devonshire was unfortunately slain in the late Civil Warrs as is before mentioned The Daughter of the said William Earl of D evonshire Sister to the now Earl of D evonshire married Robert Lord Rich Eldest Son to Robert Earl of Warwick by whom she had but one Son who married but dyed without Issue The third and youngest Son of Sir William Cavendish Charles Cavendish my Lord's Father had two Wives the first was Daughter and Coheir to Sir Thomas Kidson who dyed a year after her Marriage without issue The second was the younger Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle and after her Elder and onely Sister Iane Wife to Edward Earl of Shrewsbury who dyed without Issue became Heir to her Father's Estate and Title by whom he had three Sons whereof the eldest dyed in his Infancy the second was William my dear Lord and Husband the third Charles who dyed a Batchelour about the age of Sixty three My Lord hath had two Wives the first was Elizabeth Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Bloore in the County of Stafford Esq and Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk by whom he had ten Children viz. Five Sons and five Daughters whereof five viz. three Sons and two Daughters dyed young the rest viz. Two Sons and three Daughters came to be married His Elder Son Charles Viscount of Mansfield married the Eldest Daughter and Heir of Mr. Richard Rogers by whom he had but one Daughter who dyed soon after her birth and he dyed also without any other Issue His second Son Henry now Earl of Ogle married Francis the eldest Daughter of Mr. William Pierrepont by whom he hath had three Sons and four Daughters two Sons were born before their narural time the third Henry Lord Mansfield is alive The four Daughters are the Lady Elizabeth Lady Frances Lady Margaret and Lady Catharine My Lords three Daughters were thus married The eldest Lady Iane married Charles Cheiney Esq descended of a very noble and ancient Family by whom she hath one Son and two Daughters The second Lady Elizabeth married Iohn now Earl of Bridgwater then Lord Brackly and eldest Son to Iohn then Earl of Bridgwater who died in Childbed and left five Sons and one Daughter whereof the eldest Son Iohn Lord Brackly married the Lady Elizabeth onely Daughter and Child to Iames then Earl of Middlesex My Lords third Daughter the Lady Frances married Oliver Earl of Bullingbrook and hath had no Child yet After the death of my Lords first Wife who died the 17 th of April in the Year 1643 he married me Margaret Daughter to Thomas Lucas of St. Iohns near Colchester in Essex Esquire but hath no Issue by me And this is the Posterity of the three Sons of Sir William Cavendish my Lords Grandfather by his Fathers side The three Daughters were disposed of as followeth The eldest Frances Cavendish married Sir Henry Pierrepont of Holm Pierrepont in the County of Nottingham by whom she had two Sons whereof the first died young The second Robert after Earl of Kingston upon Hull married Gertrude the eldest Daughter and Co-heir to Henry Talbot fourth Son to George Earl of Shrewsbury by whom he had five Sons and three Daughters whereof the eldest Son Henry now Marquess of Dorchester hath had two Wives the first Cecilia Eldest Daughter to the Lord Viscount Bayning by whom he had several Children of which there are living onely two Daughters the eldest Anne who married Iohn Rosse onely Son to Iohn now Earl of Rutland the second Grace who is unmarried His second Wife was Catharine second Daughter to Iames Earl of Derby by whom he has no Issue living The second Son of the Earl of Kingston William married the sole Daughter and Heir of Sir Thomas Harries by whom he had Issue five Sons and five Daughters whereof two Sons and two Daugters died unmarried The other six are Robert the Eldest who married Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir to Sir Iohn Evelyne by whom he has three Sons and one Daughter The second Son George and the third Gervas are yet unmarried The eldest Daughter of William Pierrepont Frances is married to my Lords now onely Son and Heir Henry Earl of Ogle as before is mentioned The second Grace is married to Gilbert now Earl of Clare by whom he hath Issue Two sons and three daughters The third Gertrude is unmarried The third son of the Earl of Kingston Francis Pierrepont married Elizabeth the eldest daughter of Mr. Bray by whom he had Issue one son and one daughter the son Robert married Anne the daughter of Henry Murray The daughter Frances married William Pagatt eldest son to William Lord Pagatt The fourth son of the Earl of Kingston Gervase is unmarried The fifth son George Pierrepont married the daughter of Mr. Ionas by whom he had two sons unmarried Henry and Samuel The three daughters of the said Earl of Kingston are Frances the eldest who was married to Philip Rowleston the second Mary dyed young the third Elizabeth is unmarried The second daughter of Sir William Cavendish Elizabeth married the Earl of Lennox Unkle to King Iames by whom she had onely one daughter the Lady Arabella who against King Iame's Commands she being after Him and His Children the next Heir to the Crown married William the second son to the Earl of Hereford for which she was put into the Tower where not long after she dyed The youngest daughter Mary Cavendish married Glbert Talbot second son to George Earl of Shrewsbury who after the decease of his Father and his elder Brother Francis who dyed without Issue became Earl of Shrewsbury by whom she had Issue four sons and three daughters the sons all dyed in their Infancy but the daughters were married The eldest Mary Talbot married William Herbert Earl of Pembroke by whom some eighteen years after her Marriage she had one son who dyed young The second daughter Elizabeth married Sir H enry G ray after Earl of Kent the fourth Earl of England by whom she had no Issue The third and youngest daughter Aletheia married Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel the first Earl and Earl-Marshal of England by whom she left two sons Iames who died beyond the seas without Issue and H enry who married Elizabeth daughter of Esme Stuart Duke of Lennox by whom he had Issue several sons
my Intention to give your Grace a faithful account of Your Graces Commands as becomes May it please your Grace Your Graces most humble and most obedient Servant Iohn Rolleston THE LIFE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE WILLIAM Duke of Newcastle The First Book SInce my chief intent in this present Work is to describe the Life and Actions of My Noble Lord and Husband William Duke of Newcastle I shall do it with as much Brevity Perspicuity and Truth as is required of an Impartial Historian The History of his Pedigree I shall refer to the Heralds and partly give you an account thereof at the latter end of this work onely thus much I shall now mention as will be requisite for the better understanding of the following discourse His Grandfather by his Fathers side was Sir William Cavendish Privy Counsellour and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary His Grandfather by his Mother was Cuthbert Lord Ogle an ancient Baron His Father Sir Charles Cavendish was the youngest son to Sir William and had no other Children but three Sons whereof My Lord was the Second but his elder Brother dying in his Infancy left both his Title and Birth-right to My Lord so that My Lord had then but one onely Brother left whose name was Charles after his Father whereas My Lord had the name of his Grandfather These two Brothers were partly bred with Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury their Uncle in Law and their Aunt Mary Countess of Gilbert's Wife and Sister to their Father for there interceded an intire and constant Friendship between the said Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish caused not onely by the marriage of My Lord's Aunt his Fathers Sister to the aforesaid Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury and by the marriage of George Earl of Gilbert's Father with My Lord's Grandmother by his Fathers side but Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Father and Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury being brought up and bred together in one Family and grown up as parts of one body after they came to be beyond Children and travelled together into foreign Countries to observe the Fashions Laws and Customs of other Nations contracted such an intire Friendship which lasted to their death neither did they out live each other long for My Lord's Father Sir Charles Cavendish lived but one year after Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury But both My Lords Parents and his Aunt and Uncle in Law shewed always a great and fond love to My Lord endeavouring when He was but a Child to please him with what he most delighted in When He was grown to the Age of fifteen or sixteen he was made Knight of the Bath an ancient and honourable Order at the time when Henry King Iames of blessed Memory His eldest Son was created Prince of Wales and soon after he went to travel with Sir Henry Wotton who was sent as Ambassador Extraordinary to the then Duke of Savoy which Duke made very much of My Lord and when he would be free in Feasting placed Him next to himself Before My Lord did return with the Ambassador into England the said Duke profer'd My Lord that if he would stay with him he would not onely confer upon him the best Titles of Honour he could but also give him an honourable Command in War although My Lord was but young for the Duke had then some designs of War But the Ambassador who had taken the care of My Lord would not leave Him behind without his Parents consent At last when My Lord took his leave of the Duke the Duke being a very generous person presented Him with a Spanish Horse a Saddle very richly embroidered and with a rich Jewel of Diamonds Some time after My Lord's return into England Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury died and left My Lord though he was then but young and about Twenty two years of age his Executor a year after his Father Sir Charles Cavendish died also His Mother being then a Widow was desirous that My Lord should marry in obedience to whose Commands he chose a Wife both to his own good liking and his Mothers approving who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq a very honourable and ancient Family in Stafford-Shire by whom was added a great part to His Estate as hereafter shall be mentioned After My Lord was married he lived for the most part in the Country and pleased Himself and his neighbours with Hospitality and such delights as the Country afforded onely now and then he would go up to London for some short time to wait on the King About this time King Iames of blessed memory having a purpose to confer some Honour upon My Lord made him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover and after the decease of King Iames King Charles the First of blessed Memory constituted him Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherewood and Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire and restored his Mother Catharine the second Daughter of Cuthbert Lord Ogle to her Fathers Dignity after the death of her onely Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury publickly declaring that it was her Right which Title after the death of his Mother descended also upon My Lord and his Heirs General together with a large Inheritance of 3000 l. a year in Northumberland About the same time after the decease of William late Earl of Devonshire his Noble Cousin German My Lord was by his said Majesty made Lord Lieutenant of Derby-Shire which trust and honour after he had enjoyed for several years and managed it like as all other offices put to his Trust with all possible care faithfulness and dexterity during the time of the said Earls Son William the now Earl of Devonshire his Minority as soon as this same Earl was come to age and by Law made capable of that trust he willingly and freely resign'd it into his hands he having hitherto kept it onely for him that he and no body else might succeed his Father in that dignity In these and all other both publick and private imployments My Lord hath ever been careful to keep up the Kings Rights to the uttermost of his power to strengthen those mentioned Counties with Ammunition and to administer Justice to every one for he refused no mans Petition but sent all that came to him either for relief or justice away from him fully satisfied Not long after his being made Lieutenant of Nottingham-Shire there was found so great a defect of Armes and Ammunition in that County that the Lords of the Council being advertised thereof as the manner then was His Majesty commanded a levy to be made upon the whole County for the supply thereof whereupon the sum of 500 l. or thereabout was accordingly levied for that purpose and three Persons of Quality then Deputy Lieutenants were desired by My Lord to receive the money and see it disposed which being done accordingly and a certain account rendred to My Lord he voluntarily
those Counties in the Northen parts generally faithful to his Majesty but raised an Army for His Majesties Interest and the protection of his good subjects thought it convenient to employ and authorise some persons of Quality to attend upon my Lord and treat with him on their behalf that he would be pleased to give them the assistance of his Army which my Lord granted them upon such Terms as did highly advance His Majesties Service which was my Lords chief and onely aim Thus my Lord being with his Army invited into York-Shire He prepared for it with all the speed that the nature of that business could possibly permit and after he had fortified the Town of Newcastle Tynmouthcastle Hartlepool a Haven Town and some other necessary Garisons in those parts and Mann'd Victuall'd and order'd their constant supply He thought it fit in the first place before he did march to manifest to the World by a Declaration in Print the reasons and grounds of his undertaking that design which were in General for the preservation of His Majesties Person and Government and the defence of the Orthodox Church of England where He also satisfied those that murmur'd for my Lords receiving into his Army such as were of the Catholick Religion and then he presently marched with his Army into York-shire to their assistance and within the time agreed upon came to York notwithstanding the Enemies Forces gave him all the interruption they possibly could at several passes whereof the chief was at Pierce-bridg at the entering into York-shire where 1500 of the Enemies Forces Commanded in chief by Col. Hotham were ready to interrupt my Lord's Forces sent thither to secure that passe consisting of a Regiment of Dragoons commanded by Colonel Thomas Howard and a Regiment of Foot Commanded by Sir William Lambton which they performed with so much Courage that they routed the Enemy and put them to flight although the said Col. Howard in that Charge lost his life by an unfortunate shot The Enemy thus missing of their design fled until they met with a conjunction of their whole Forces at Tadcaster some eight miles distant from York and my Lord went on without any other considerable Interruption Being come to York he drew up his whole Army before the Town both Horse and Foot where the Commander in Chief the then earl of Cumberland together with the Gentry of the Country came to wait on my Lord and the then Governor of York Sir Thomas Glemham presented him with the Keys of the City Thus my Lord marched into the Town with great joy and to the general satisfaction both of the Nobility and Gentry and most of the Citizens and immediately without any delay in the later end of December 1642 fell upon Consultations how he might best proceed to serve his King and Country and particularly how his Army should be maintained and paid as he did also afterwards in every Country wheresoever he marched well knowing that no Army can be governed without being constantly and regularly supported by provision and pay Whereupon it was agreed That the Nobility and Gentry of the several Counties should select a certain number of themselves to raise money by a regular Tax for the making provisions for the support and maintenance of the Army rather than to leave them to free-quarter and to carve for themselves and if any of the Soldiers were exorbitant and disorderly and that it did appear so to those that were authorised to examine their deportment that presently order should be given to repair those injuries out of the moneys levied for the Soldiery by which means the Country was preserved from many inconveniences which otherwise would doubtless have followed And though the season of the year might well have invited my Lord to take up his Winter-quarters it being about Christmas yet after he had put a good Garison into the City of York and fortified it upon intelligence that the Enemy was still at Tadcaster and had fortified that place he resolved to march thither The greatest part of the Town stands on the West side of a River not fordable in any place near thereabout nor allowing any passage into the Town from York but over a Stone-bridge which the Enemy had made impassable by breaking down part of the Bridg and planting their Ordnance upon it and by raising a very large and strong Fort upon the top of a Hill leading Eastward from that Bridg towards York upon design of commanding the Bridg and all other places fit to draw up an Army in or to plant Cannon against them But notwithstanding all these Discouragements my Lord after he had refresh'd his Army at York and recruited his provisions ordered a march before the said Town in this manner That the greatest part of his Horse and Dragoons should in the night march to a Pass at Weatherby five miles distant from Tadcaster towards North-west from thence under the Command of his then Lieutenant General of the Army to appear on the West side of Tadcaster early the next morning by which time my Lord with the rest of his Army resolved to appear at the East-side of the said Town which intention was well design'd but ill executed for though my Lord with that part of the Army which he commanded in person that is to say his Foot and Cannon attended by some Troops of Horse did march that night and early in the morning appear'd before the Town on the East side thereof and there drew up his Army planted his Cannon and closely and orderly besieged that side of the Town and from ten in the morning till four a Clock in the afternoon battered the Enemies Forts and Works as being in continual expectation of the appearance of the Troops on the other side according to his order yet whether it was out of Neglect or Treachery that my Lords Orders were not obeyed that days Work was rendred ineffectual as to the whole Design However the vigilancy of My Lord did put the Enemy into such a Terror that they forsook that Fort and secretly fled away with all their Train that very night to another strong hold not far distant from Tadcaster called Cawood-Castle to which by reason of its low and boggy Scituation and foul and narrow Lanes and passages it was not possible for my Lord to pursue them without too great an hazard to his Army whereas had the Lieutenant General performed his Duty in all probability the greatest part of the principal Rebels in York-shire would that day have been taken in their own trap and their further mischief prevented My Lord the next morning instead of storming the Town as he he had intended entred without interruption and there stayed some few days to refresh his Army and order that part of the Country In December 1642. My Lord thought it fit to march to Pomfret and to quarter his Army in that part of the Country which was betwixt Cawood and some Garisons of the Enemy in the
who also came to take their leaves of My Lord being much troubled at his departure and speaking very honourably of him as surely they had no reason to the contrary The Second Book HAving hitherto faithfully related the life of My Noble Lord and Husband and the chief Actions which He performed during the time of his being employed in His Majesties Service for the Good and Interest of his King and Country until the time of his going out of England I shall now give you a just account of all that passed during the time of his banishment till the return into his native Country My Lord being a Wise Man and foreseeing well what the loss of that fatal Battle upon Hessom-moor near York would produce by which not onely those of His Majesties Party in the Northern parts of the Kingdom but in all other parts of His Majesties Dominions both in England Scotland and Ireland were lost and undone and that there was no other way but either to quit the Kingdom or submit to the Enemy or die he resolved upon the former and preparing for his journey asked his Steward How Much Money he had left Who answer'd That he had but 90 l. My Lord not being at all startled at so small a Summ although his present design required much more was resolved too seek his Fortune even with that litle and thereupon having taken leave of His Highness Prince Rupert and the rest that were present went to Scarborough as before is mentioned where two Ships were prepared for Hamborough to set sail within 24 hours in which he embarqued with his Company and arrived in four days time to the said City which was on the 8th of Iuly 1644. In one of these Ships was my Lord with his two Sons Charles Viscount Mansfield and Lord Henry Cavendish now Earl of Ogle as also Sir Charles Cavendish My Lord's Brother the then Lord Bishop of London-derry Dr. Bramhall the Lord Falconbridg the Lord Widdrington Sir William Carnaby who after died at Paris and his Brother Mr. Francis Carnaby who went presently in the same Ship back again for England and soon after was slain by the Enemy near Sherborne in York-shire besides many of my Lord's and their servants In the other Ship was the Earl of Ethyne Lieutenant General of My Lord's Army and the Lord Cornworth But before My Lord landed at Hamborough his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield fell sick of the Small-Pox and not long after his younger Son Henry now Earl of Ogle fell likewise dangerously ill of the Measels but it pleased God that they both happily recovered My Lord finding his Company and Charge very great although he sent several of his Servants back again into England and having no means left to maintain him was forced to seek for Credit where at last he got so much as would in part relieve his necessities and whereas heretofore he had been contented for want of a Coach to make use of a Waggon when his occasions drew him abroad he was now able with the credit he had got to buy a Coach and nine Horses of an Holsatian breed for which Horses he paid 160 l. and was afterwards offer'd for one of them an hundred Pistols at Paris but he refused the money and presented seven of them to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England and kept two for his own use After my Lord had stay'd in Hamborough from Iuly 1644 till February 1645 4 he being resolved to go into France went by Sea from Hamborough to Amsterdam and from thence to Rotterdam where he sent one of his Servants with a Complement and tender of his humble Service to Her Highness the then Princess Royal the Queen of Bohemia the Princess Dowager of Orange and the Prince of Orange which was received with much kindness and civility From Rotterdam he directed his Journey to Antwerp and from thence with one Coach one Chariot and two Waggons he went to Mechlin and Brussels where he received a Visit from the Governour the Marquess of Castel Rodrigo the Duke of Lorrain and Count Piccolomini From thence he set forth for Valenchin and Cambray where the Governour of the Town used my Lord with great respect and civility and desired him to give the word that night Thence he went to Peroon a Frontier Town in France where the Vice-Governour in absence of the Governour of that place did likewise entertain my Lord with all respect and desired him to give the Word that night and so to Paris without any further stay My Lord being arrived at Paris which was in April 1645 immediately went to tender his humble duty to Her Majesty the Queen-Mother of England where it was my Fortune to see him the first time I being then one of the Maids of Honour to Her Majesty and after he had stay'd there some time he was pleased to take some particular notice of me and express more then an ordinary affection for me insomuch that he resolved to chuse me for his Second Wife for he having but two Sons purposed to marry me a young Woman that might prove fruitful to him and encrease his Posterity by a Masculine Off-spring Nay He was so desirous of Male-Issue that I have heard him say He cared not so God would be pleased to give him many Sons although they came to be Persons of the meanest Fortunes but God it seems had ordered it otherwise and frustrated his Designs by making me barren which yet did never lessen his Love and Affection for me After My Lord was married having no Estate or Means left him to maintain himself and his Family he was necessitated to seek for Credit and live upon the Courtesie of those that were pleased to Trust him which although they did for some while and shew'd themselves very civil to My Lord yet they grew weary at length insomuch that his Steward was forced one time to tell him That he was not able to provide a Dinner for him for his Creditors were resolved to trust him no longer My Lord being always a great master of his Passions was at least shew'd himself not in any manner troubled at it but in a pleasant humour told me that I must of necessity pawn my Cloaths to make so much Money as would procure a Dinner I answer'd That my Cloaths would be but of small value and therefore desired my Waiting-Maid to pawn some small toys which I had formerly given her which she willingly did The same day in the afternoon My Lord spake himself to his Creditors and both by his civil Deportment and perswasive Arguments obtained so much that they did not onely trust him for more necessaries but lent him Mony besides to redeem those Toys that were pawned Hereupon I sent my Waiting-Maid into England to my Brother the Lord Lucas for that small Portion which was left me and my Lord also immediately after dispatched one of his Servants who was then Governour to his Sons to some of
Wars that was neither between Medes and Persians Greeks and Trojans Christians and Turks but among my own Countreymen whose Customs and Inclinations and most of the Persons that held any considerable Place in the Armies was well known to me and besides all that which is above all my Noble and Loyal Lord did act a chief Part in that fatal Tragedy to have defended if humane power could have done it his most Gracious Soveraign from the fury of his Rebellious Subjects This History being as I have said of a particular Person his Actions and Fortunes it cannot be expected that I should here Preach of the beginning of the World nor seem to express understanding in the Politicks by tedious moral Discourses with long Observations upon the several sorts of Government that have been in Greece Rome and upon others more modern I will neither endeavour to make show of Eloquence making Speeches that never was spoken nor pretend to great skill in War by making Mountains of Mole-hills and telling Romansical Falshoods for Historical Truths and much less will I write to amuse my Readers in a mystical and allegorical Style of the disloyal Actions of the opposite Party of the Treacherous Cowardise Envy and Malice of some Persons my Lords Enemies and of the ingratitude of some of his seeming Friends wherein I cannot better obey his Lordships Commands to conceal those things then in leaving them quite out as I do with submission to his Lordships desire from whom I have learn'd Patience to overcome my Passions and Discretion to yield to his Prudence Thus am I resolved to write in a natural plain style without Latin Sentences moral Instructions politick Designs feigned Orations or envious and malicious Exclamations this short History of the Loyal Heroick and Prudent Actions of my Noble Lord as also of his Sufferings Losses and ill-Fortunes which in honour and Conscience I could not suffer to be buried in silence nor could I have undertaken so hard a task had not my love to his Person and to Truth been my Encourager and Supporter I might have made this Book larger in transcribing as is ordinary in Histories the several Letters full of Affection and kind promises he received from His Gracious Soveraign Charles the First and from his Royal Consort in the time he was in the Actions of War as also since the War from his dear Soveraign and Master Charles the Second But many of the former Letters having been lost when all was lost I thought it best seeing I had not them all to print none As for Orations which is another way of swelling the bulk of Histories it is certain that My Lord made not many chusing rather to fight then to talk and his Declarations having been printed already it had been superfluous to insert them in these Narrations This Book would however have been a great Volume if his Grace would have given me leave to publish his Enemies Actions But being to write of his own onely I do it briefly and truly and not as many have done who have written of the late Civil War with but few sprinklings of Truth like as Heat-drops upon a dry barren Ground knowing no more of the Transactions of those Times then what they learned in the Gazets which for the most part out of Policy to amuse and deceive the People contain nothing but Falshoods and Chimeraes and were such Parasites that after the Kings Party was over-powred the Government among the Rebels changing from one Faction to another they never miss'd to exalt highly the Merits of the chief Commanders of the then prevailing side comparing some of them to Moses and some others to all the great and most famous Heroes both Greeks and Romans wherein unawares they exceedingly commended my Noble Lord for if those Ring-leaders of Factions were so great men as they are reported to be by those Time-servers How much greater must his Lordship be who beat most of them except the Earl of Essex whose employment was never in the Northern parts where all the rest of the greatest strength of the Parliament was sent to oppose my Lord's Forces which was the greatest the Kings Party had any where Good Fortune is such an Idol of the World and is so like the golden Calf worshipped by the Israelites that those Arch-Rebels never wanted Astrologers to foretel them good success in all their Enterprises nor Poets to sing their Praises nor Orators for Panegyricks nay which is worse nor Historians neither to record their Valour in fighting and Wisdom in Governing But being so much as I am above base Profit or any Preferment whatsoever I cannot fear to be suspected of Flattery in declaring to the World the Merits Wealth Power Loyalty and Fortunes of My Noble Lord who hath done great Actions suffered great Losses endured a long Banishment for his Loyalty to his King and Countrey and leads now like another Scipio a quiet Countrey-life If notwithstanding all this any should say That those who write Histories of themselves and their own actions or of their own Party or instruct and inform those that write them are partial to themselves I answer That it is very improbable Worthy Persons who having done Great Noble and Heroick Exploits deserving to be recorded should be so vain as to write false Histories but if they do it proves but their Folly for Truth can never be concealed and so it will be more for their disgrace then for their Honour or Fame I fear not any such blemishes in this present History for I am conscious of any such Crime as Patiality or Falshood but write it whilest My Noble Lord is yet alive and at such a time where Truth may be declared and Falshood contradicted and I challenge any one although I be a Woman to contradict any thing that I have set down or prove it to be otherwise then Truth for be there never so many Contradictions Truth will conquer all at last Concerning My Lords Actions in War which are comprehended in the first Book the relation of them I have chiefly from my Lords Secretary Mr. Rolleston a Person that has been an Eye-witness thereof and accompanied My Lord as Secretary in his Army and gave out all his Commissions his honesty and worth is unquestionable by all that know him And as for the Second Book which contains My Lords Actions and Sufferings during the time of his Exile I have set down so much as I could possibly call to mind without any particular Expression of time onely from the time of his Banishment or rather what I can remember from the time of my Marriage till our return into England To the end of which I have joined a Computation of My Lord's Losses which he hath suffered by those unfortunate Warres In the third Book I have set down some particular Chapters concerning the Description of his Person his Natural Faculties and Personal Vertues c. And in the last some Essayes and Discourses
own Regiment which were all stout and valiant men who fell so furiously upon the Enemy that they forsook their hedges and fell to their heels At which very instant my Lord caused a shot or two to be made by his Cannon against the Body of the Enemies Horse drawn up within Cannon shot which took so good effect that it disordered the Enemies Troops Hereupon my Lord's Horse got over the Hedg not in a body for that they could not but dispersedly two on a breast and as soon as some considerable number was gotten over and drawn up they charged the Enemy and routed them so that in an instant there was a strange change of Fortune and the Field totally won by my Lord notwithstanding he had quitted 7000 Men to conduct Her Majesty besides a good Train of Artillery which in such a Conjuncture would have weakned Caesars Army In this Victory the Enemy lost most of their Foot about 3000 were taken Prisoners and 700 Horse and Foot slain and those that escaped fled into their Garison at Bradford amongst whom was also their General of the Horse After this My Lord caused his Army to be rallied and marched in order that night before Bradford with an intention to storm it the next morning but the Enemy that were in the Town it seems were so discomfited that the same night they escaped all various ways and amongst them the said General of the Horse whose Lady being behind a Servant on Horse-back was taken by some of My Lord's Soldiers and brought to his Quarters where she was treated and attended with all civility and respect and within few days sent to York in my Lords own Coach and from thence very shortly after to Kingstone upon Hull where she desired to be attended by my Lords Coach and Servants Thus my Lord after the Enemy was gone entred the Town and Garison of Bradford by which Victory the Enemy was so daunted that they forsook the rest of their Garisons that is to say Hallifax Leeds and Wakefield and dispersed themselves severally the chief Officers retiring to Hull a strong Garison of the Enemy and though my Lord knowing they would make their escape thither as having no other place of refuge to resort to sent a Letter to York to the Governour of that City to stop them in their passage yet by neglect of the Post it coming not timely enough to his hands his Design was frustrated The whole County of York save onely Hull being now cleared and setled by my Lords Care and Conduct he marched to the City of York and having a competent number of Horse well armed and commanded he quarter'd them in the East-riding near Hull there being no visible Enemy then to oppose them In the mean while my Lord receiving News that the Enemy had made an Invasion into the next adjoining County of Lincoln where he had some Forces he presently dispatched his Lieutenant General of the Army away with some Horse and Dragoons and soon after marched thither himself with the body of the Army being earnestly defired by his Majesties Party there The Forces which my Lord had in the same County commanded by the then Lieutenant General of the Horse Mr. Charles Cavendish second Brother to the now Earl of Devonshire though they had timely notice and Orders from my Lord to make their retreat to the Lieutenant-General of the Army and not to fight the Enemy yet the said Lieutenant-General of the Horse being transported by his Courage he being a Person of great Valour and Conduct and having charged the Enemy unfortunately lost the field and himself was slain in the Charge his Horse lighting in a bogg Which news being brought to my Lord when he was on his March he made all the hast he could and was no sooner joined with his Lieutenant General but fell upon the Enemy and put them to flight The first Garison my Lord took in Lincolnshire was Gainsborrough a Town standing upon the River Trent wherein not long before had been a Garison of Soldiers for His Majesty under the Command of the then Earl of Kingstone but surprised and the Town Taken by the Enemies Forces who having an intention to conveigh the said Earl of Kingstone from thence to Hull in a little Pinnace met with some of my Lords Forces by the way commanded by the Lieutenant of the Army who being desirous to rescue the Earl of Kingstone and and making some shots with their Regiment Pieces to stop the Pinnace unfortunately slew him and one of his Servants My Lord drawing near the mentioned Town of Gainsborrough there appear'd on the top of a Hill above the Town some of the Enemies Horse drawn up in a body whereupon he immediately sent a party of his Horse to view them who no sooner came within their sight but they retreated fairly so long as they could well endure but the pursuit of my Lords Horse caused them presently to break their ranks and fall to their heels where most of them escaped and fled to Lincoln another of their Garrisons Hereupon my Lord summon'd the Town of Gainsborrough but the Governour thereof refusing to yield caused my Lord to plant his Cannon and draw up his Army on the mention'd Hill and having play'd some little while upon the Town put the Enemy into such a terror that the Governour sent out and offer'd the surrender of the Town upon fair terms which my Lord thought fit rather to embrace then take it by force and though according to the Articles of Agreement made between them both the Enemies Arms and the Keys of the Town should have been fairly delivered to my Lord yet it being not performed as it was expected the Arms being in a confused manner thrown down and the Gates set wide open the Prisoners that had been kept in the Town began first to plunder which my Lords Forces seeing did the same although it was against my Lords will and orders After my Lord had thus reduced the Town and put a good Garison of Soldiers into it and better fortified it he marched before Lincoln and there he entred with his Army without great difficulty and plac'd also a Garison in it and raised a considerable Army both Horse Foot and Dragoons for the preservation of that County and put them under Commanders and constituted a Person of Honour Commander in Chief with intention to march towards the South which if it had taken effect would doubtless have made an end of that War but he being daily importuned by the Nobility and Gentry of York-shire to return into that County especially upon the perswasions of the Commander in Chief of the Forces left there who acquainted my Lord that the Enemy grew so strong every day being got together in Kingstone upon Hull and annoying that Country that his Forces were not able to bear up against them alledging withall that my Lord would be suspected to betray the Trust reposed in him if he came
whereof if one had but hit they would doubtless have been lost but there was so much Treachery Jugling and Falshood in my Lord 's own Army that it was impossible for him to be successful in his Designs and Undertakings However though it failed in the Enemies Foot-Quarters which lay nearest the Town yet it took good effect in their Horse-Quarters which were more remote for my Lord's Horse Commanded by a very gallant and worthy Gentleman falling upon them gave them such an Alarm that all they could do was to draw into the Field where my Lord's Forces charged them and in a little time routed them totally and kill'd and took many Prisoners to the number of 1500. Upon this the Enemy was forced to draw their whole Army together and to quarter them a little more remote from the Town and to seek out inaccessible places for their security as afterwards appear'd more plainly for so soon as my Lord had prepared his Army for a March he drew them forth against the Scots which he found quarter'd upon high Hills close by the River Tyne where they could not be encounter'd but upon very disadvantagious terms besides that day proved very stormy and tempestuous so that my Lord was necessitated to withdraw his Forces and retire into his own Quarters The next day after the Scots Army finding ill harbour in those quarters marched from hill to hill into another part of the Bishoprick of Durham near the Sea coast to a Town called Sunderland and thereupon my Lord thought fit to march to Durham to stop their further progress where he had contrived the business so that they were either forced to fight or starve within a little time The first was offered to them twice that is to say at Pensher-hills one day and at Bowden-hills another day in the Bishoprick of Durham But my Lord found them at both times drawn up in such places as he could not possibly charge them wherefore he retired again to Durham with an intention to streighten their Quarters and to wait upon them if ever they left their Holds and inaccessible places In the mean time it hapned that the Earl of Montross came to the same place and having some design for his Majesties service in Scotland desired My Lord to give him the assistance of some of his Forces and although My Lord stood then in present need of them and could not coveniently spare any having so great an Army to oppose yet out of a desire to advance His Majesties service as much as lay in his power he was willing to part with 200 Horse and Dragoons to the said Earl The Scots perceiving My Lords vigilancy and care contented themselves with their own quarters which could not have serv'd them long but that a great misfortune befel My Lords Forces in York-shire for the Governour whom he had left behind with sufficient Forces for the defence of that Country although he had orders not to encounter the Enemy but to keep himself in a defensive posture yet he being a man of great valour and courage it transported him so much that he resolved to face the Enemy and offering to keep a Town that was not tenable was utterly routed and himself taken Prisoner although he fought most gallantly So soon as my Lord received this sad Intelligence he upon Consultation and upon very good Grounds of Reason took a resolution not to stay between the two Armies of the Enemies viz. the Scots and the English that had prevailed in York-shire but immediately to march into York-shire with his Army to preserve if possible the City of York out of the Enemies hands which retreat was ordered so well and with such excellent Conduct that though the Army of the Scots marched close upon their Rear and fought them every day of their retreat yet they gained several Passes for their security and entred safe and well into the City of York in April 1643. My Lord being now at York and finding three Armies against him viz. the Army of the Scots the Army of the English that gave the defeat to the Governour of York and an Army that was raised out of associate Counties and but little Ammunition and Provision in the Town was forced to send his Horse away to quarter in several Counties viz. Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Leicestershire for their subsistance under the Conduct of his Lieutenant-General of the Horse My dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas himself remaining at York with his Foot and Train for the defence of that City In the mean time the Enemy having closely besiedged the City on all sides came to the very Gates thereof and pull'd out the Earth at one end as those in the City put it in at the other end they planted their great Cannons against it and threw in Granadoes at pleasure But those in the City made several sallies upon them with good success At last the General of the associate Army of the Enemy having closely beleaguer'd the North side of the Town sprung a Mine under the wall of the Mannor-yard and blew part of it up and having beaten back the Town-Forces although they behaved themselves very gallantly enter'd the Mannor-house with a great number of their men which as soon as my Lord perceived he went away in all haste even to the amazement of all that were by not knowing what he intended to do and drew 80 of his own Regiment of Foot called the White-Coats all stout and valiant Men to that Post who fought the Enemy with that courage that within a little time they killed and took 1500 of them and My Lord gave present order to make up the breach which they had made in the wall Whereupon the Enemy remain'd without any other attempt in that kind so long till almost all provision for the support of the soldiery in the City was spent which nevertheless was so well ordered by my Lords Prudence that no Famine or great extremity of want ensued My Lord having held out in that manner above two Months and withstood the strength of three Armies and seeing that his Lieutenant-General of the Horse whom he had sent for relief to His Majesty could not so soon obtain it although he used his best endeavour for to gain yet some little time began to treat with the Enemy ordering in the mean while and upon the Treaty to double and treble his Guards At last after three Months time from the beginning of the Siege His Majesty was pleased to send an Army which joining with my Lords Horse that were sent to quarter in the aforesaid Countreys came to relieve the City under the Conduct of the most Gallant and Heroick Prince Rupert his Nephew upon whose approach near York the Enemy drew from before the City into an entire Body and marched away on the West-side of the River Owse that runs through the City His Majesties Forces being then of the East-side of that River My Lord immediately sent some persons of
Quality to attend His Highness and to invite him into the City to consult with him about that important Affair and to gain so much time as to open a Port to march forth with his Cannon and Foot which were in the Town to join with His Highness's Forces and went himself the next day in person to wait on His Highness where after some Conferences he declared his Mind to the Prince desiring His Highness not to attempt any thing as yet upon the Enemy for he had intelligence that there was some discontent between them and that they were resolved to divide themselves and so to raise the Siege without fighting Besides my Lord expected within two dayes Collonel Cleavering with above three thousand men out of the North and two thousand drawn out of several Garisons who also came at the same time though it was then too late But His Highness answered my Lord That he had a Letter from His Majesty then at Oxford with a positive and absolute Command to fight the Enemy which in Obedience and according to his Duty he was bound to perform Whereupon my Lord replied That he was ready and willing for his part to obey his Highness in all things no otherwise then if His Majesty was there in Person Himself and though several of my Lords Friends advised him not to engage in Battel because the Command as they said was taken from Him Yet my Lord answer'd them That happen what would he would not shun to fight for he had no other ambition but to live and dye a Loyal Subject to His Majesty Then the Prince and my Lord conferr'd with several of their Officers amongst whom there were several Disputes concerning the advantages which the Enemy had of Sun Wind and Ground The Horse of His Majesties Forces was drawn up in both Wings upon that fatal Moor call'd Hessom-Moor and my Lord ask'd His Highness what Service he would be pleas'd to command him who return'd this Answer That he would begin no action upon the Enemy till early in the morning desiring my Lord to repose himself till then Which my Lord did and went to rest in his own Coach that was close by in the Field until the time appointed Not long had My Lord been there but he heard a great noise and thunder of shooting which gave him notice of the Armies being engaged Whereupon he immediately put on his Arms and was no sooner got on Horse-back but he beheld a dismal sight of the Horse of His Majesties right Wing which out of a panick fear had left the Field and run away with all the speed they could and though my Lord made them stand once yet they immediately betook themselves to their heels again and killed even those of their own party that endeavoured to stop them the Left Wing in the mean time Commanded by those two Valiant Persons the Lord Goring and Sir Charles Lucas having the better of the Enemies Right Wing which they beat back most valiantly three times and made their General retreat in so much that they sounded Victory In this Confusion my Lord accompanied onely with his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Major Scot Capt. Mazine and his Page hastning to see in what posture his own Regiment was met with a Troop of Gentlemen-Voluntiers who formerly had chosen him their Captain notwithstanding he was General of an Army to whom my Lord spake after this manner Gentlemen said he You have done me the Honour to chuse me your Captain and now is the fittest time that I may do you service wherefore if you 'l follow me I shall lead you on the best I can and shew you the way to your own Honour They being as glad of my Lords Profer as my Lord was of their Readiness went on with the greatest Courage and passing through Two Bodies of Foot engaged with each other not at forty yards distance received not the least hurt although they fired quick upon each other but marched towards a Scots Regiment of Foot which they charged and routed in which Encounter my Lord himself kill'd Three with his Pages half-leaden Sword for he had no other left him and though all the Gentlemen in particular offer'd him their Swords yet my Lord refused to take a Sword of any of them At last after they had pass'd through this Regiment of Foot a Pike-man made a stand to the whole Troop and though my Lord charg'd him twice or thrice yet he could not enter him but the Troop dispatched him soon In all these Encounters my Lord got not the least hurt though several were slain about him and his White-Coats shew'd such an extraordinary Valour and Courage in that Action that they were kill'd in Rank and File And here I cannot but mention by the way That it is remarkable that in all actions and undertakings where My Lord was in Person himself he was always Victorious and prospered in the execution of his designs but whatsoever was lost or succeeded ill happen'd in his absence and was caused either by the Treachery or Negligence and Carelesness of his Officers My Lord being the last in the Field and seeing that all was lost and that every one of His Majesties Party made their escapes in the best manner they could he being moreover inquired after by several of his Friends who had all a great love and respect for my Lord especially by the then Earl of Craford who lov'd my Lord so well that he gave 20 s. to one that assured him of his being alive and safe telling him that that was all he had went towards York late at night accompanied onely with his Brother and one or two of his servants and coming near the Town met His Highness Prince Rupert with the Lieutenant General of the Army the Lord Ethyn His Highness asked My Lord how the business went To whom he answered That all was lost and gone on their side That night my Lord remained in York and having nothing left in his power to do his Majesty any further service in that kind for he had neither Ammunition nor Money to raise more Forces to keep either York or any other Towns that were yet in His Majesties Devotion well knowing that those which were left could not hold out long and being also loath to have aspersions cast upon him that he did fell them to the Enemy in case he could not keep them he took a Resolution and that justly and honourably to forsake the Kingdom and to that end went the next morning to the Prince and acquainted him with his Design desiring His Highness would be pleased to give this true and just report of him to his Majesty that he had behaved himself like an honest man a Gentleman and a Loyal subject Which request the Prince having granted my Lord took his leave and being conducted by a Troop of Horse and a Troop of Dragoons to Scarborough went to Sea and took shipping for Hamborough the Gentry of the Country
his Friends to try what means he could procure for his subsistance but though he used all the industry and endeavour he could yet he effected but little by reason every body was so affraid of the Parliament that they durst not relieve Him who was counted a Traitor for his Honest and Loyal service to his King and Country Not long after My Lord had profers made him of some Rich Matches in England for his two Sons whom therefore he sent thither with one Mr. Loving hoping by that means to provide both for them and himself but they being arrived there out of some reasons best known to them declared their unwillingness to Marry as yet continuing nevertheless in England and living as well as they could Some two years after my Lord's Marriage when he had prevailed so far with his Creditors that they began to trust him anew the first thing he did was that he removed out of those Lodgings in Paris where he had been necessitated to live hitherto to a House which he hired for himself and his Family and furnished it as well as his new gotten Credit would permit and withal resolving for his own recreation and divertisement in his banished condition to exercise the Art of Mannage which he is a great lover and Master of bought a Barbary-horse for that purpose which cost him 200 Pistols and soon after another Barbary-horse from the Lord Crofts for which he was to pay him 100 l. when he returned into England About this time there was a Council call'd at St. Germain in which were present besides My Lord Her Majesty the now Queen Mother of England His Highness the Prince our now gracious King His Cousin Prince Rupert the Marquess of Worcester the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond the Lord Iermyn now Earl of St. Albans and several others where after several debates concerning the then present condition of His Majesty King Charles the First my Lord delivered his sentiment that he could perceive no other probability of procuring Forces for His Majesty but an assistance of the Scots But Her Majesty was pleased to answer my Lord That he was too quick Not long after When my Lord had begun to settle himsef in his mentioned new house His gracious Master the Prince having taken a resolution to go into Holland upon some designs Her Majesty the Queen Mother desired my Lord to follow him promising to engage for his debts which hitherto he had contracted at Paris and commanding Her Controller and Treasurer to be bound for them in Her behalf which they did although the Creditors would not content themselves until my Lord had joined his word to theirs So great and generous was the bounty and favour of Her Majesty to my Lord considering she had already given him heretofore near upon 2000 l. Sterling even at that time when Her Majesty stood most in need of it My Lord after his Highness the Prince was gone being ready to execute Her Majesties Commands in following Him and preparing for his Journey wanted the chief thing which was Money and having much endeavoured for it at last had the good Fortune to obtain upon Credit three or four hundred pounds sterl With which Sum he set out of Paris in the same Equipage he entred viz. One Coach which he had newly caused to be made wherein were the Lord Widdrington my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish Mr. Loving my Waiting-Maid and some others whereof the two later were then returned out of England one little Chariot that would onely hold my Lord and my self and three Waggons besides an indifferent number of Servants on Horse-back That day when we left Paris the Creditors coming to take their Farwell of my Lord expressed so great a love and kindness for him accompanied vvith so many hearty Prayers and Wishes that he could not but prosper on his Journey Being come into the King of Spain's Dominions my Lord found a very Noble Reception At Cambray the Governour vvas so civil that my Lord coming to that place somevvhat late and vvhen it vvas dark he commanded some Lights and Torches to meet my Lord and conduct him to his Lodgings He offer'd my Lord the Keys of the City and desir'd him to give the Word that night and moreover invited him to an Entertainment which he had made for him of purpose but it being late my Lord tyred with his Journey excused himself as civilly as he could the Governour notwithstanding being pleased to send all manner of Provisions to my Lords Lodgings and charging our Landlord to take no pay for any thing we had Which extraordinary Civilities shewed that he was a Right Noble Spaniard The next morning early my Lord went on his Journey and was very civilly used in every place of His Majesty of Spain's Dominions where he arrived At last coming to Antwerp He took water to Rotterdam which Town he chose for his residing place during the time of his stay in Holland and sent thither to a Friend of his a Gentleman of Quality to provide him some Lodgings which he did and procured them at the house of one Mrs. Banaum Widow to an English Merchant who had always been very Loyal to His Majesty the King of England and serviceable to His Majesties faithful Subjects in whatsoever lay in his Power My Lord being come to Rotterdam was informed that His Highness the Prince now our Gracious King was gone to Sea Wherefore he resolved to follow him and for that purpose hired a Boat and victual'd it but since no body knew whither His Highness was gone and I being unwilling that my Lord should venture upon so uncertain a Voyage and as the Proverb is Seek a Needle in a Bottle of Hay he desisted from that design The Lord Widdrington nevertheless and Sir Will. Throckmorton being resolved to find out the Prince but having by a storm been driven towards the Coast of Scotland and endangered their lives they returned without obtaining their aim After some little time my Lord having notice that the Prince was arrived at the Hague he went to wait on His Highness which he also did afterwards at several times so long as His Highness continued there expecting some opportunity where he might be able to shew his readiness to serve His King and Countrey as certainly there was no little hopes for it for first it was believed that the English Fleet would come and render it self into the obedience of the Prince next it was reported that the Duke of Hamilton was going out of Scotland with a great Army into England to the assistance of His Majesty and that His Majesty had then some party at Colchester but it pleased God that none of these proved effectual For the Fleet did not come in the Duke of Hamilton's Army was destroyed and Colchester was taken by the Enemy where my dear Brother Sir Charles Lucas and his dear Friend Sir George Lile were most inhumanly murther'd and shot to death they
being both Valiant and Heroick Persons good Soldiers and most Loyal Subjects to His Majesty the one an excellent Commander of Horse the other of Foot My Lord having now lived in Rotterdam almost six months at a great charge keeping an open and noble Table for all comers and being pleased especially to entertain such as were excellent Soldiers and noted Commanders of War whose kindness he took as a great Obligation still hoping that some occasion would happen to invite those worthy Persons into England to serve His Majesty but seeing no probability of either returning into England or doing His Majesty any service in that kind he resolved to retire to some place where he might live privately and having chosen the City of Antwerp for that purpose went to the Hague to take his leave of His Highness the Prince our now gracious Soveraign My Lord had then but a small stock of money left for though the then Marquess of Hereford after Duke of S omerset and his Cousin-German once removed the now Earl of Devonshire had lent him 2000 l. between them yet all that was spent and above 1000 l. more which my Lord borrowed during the time he lived in Rotterdam his Expence being the more by reason as I mentioned he lived freely and nobly However my Lord notwithstanding that little provision of Money he had set forth from Rotterdam to Antwerp where for some time he lay in a publick Inne until one of his Friends that had a great love and respect for my Lord Mr. Endymion Porter who was Groom of the Bed-chamber to His Majesty King Charles the First a place not onely honourable but very profitable being not willing that a Person of such Quality as my Lord should lie in a publick House profer'd him Lodgings at the House where he was and would not let my Lord be at quiet until he had accepted of them My Lord after he had stay'd some while there endeavouring to find out a House for himself which might fit him and his small Family for at that time he had put off most of his Train and also be for his own content lighted on one that belonged to the Widow of a famous Picture-drawer Van Ruben which he took About this time my Lord was much necessitated for Money which forced him to try several ways for to obtain so much as would relieve his present wants At last Mr. Alesbury the onely Son to Sir Th. Alesbury Knight and Baronet and Brother to the now Countess of Clarendon a very worthy Gentleman and great Friend to my Lord having some Moneys that belonged to the now Duke of Buckingham and seeing my Lord in so great distress did him the favour to lend him 200 l. which money my Lord since his return hath honestly and justly repai'd This relief came so seasonably that it got my Lord Credit in the City of Antwerp whereas otherwise he would have lost himself to his great disadvantage for my Lord having hired the house aforementioned and wanting Furniture for it was credited by the Citizens for as many Goods as he was pleased to have as also for Meat and Drink and all kind of necessaries and provisions which certainly was a special Blessing of God he being not onely a stranger in that Nation but to all appearance a Ruined man After my Lord had been in Antwerp sometime where he lived as retiredly as it was possible for him to do he gained much love and respect of all that knew or had any business with him At the beginning of our coming thither we found but few English except those that were Merchants but afterwards their number increased much especially of Persons of Quality and whereas at first there were no more but four Coaches that went the Tour viz. the Governors of the Castle my Lords and two more they amounted to the number of above a hundred before we went from thence for all those that had sufficient means and could go to the price kept Coaches and went the Tour for their own pleasure And certainly I cannot in duty and conscience but give this Publick Testimony to that place That whereas I have observ'd that most commonly such Towns or Cities where the Prince of that Country doth not reside himself or where there is no great resort of the chief Nobility and Gentry are but little civilised Certainly the Inhabitants of the said City of Antwerp are the civilest and best behaved People that ever I saw so that my Lord lived there with as much content as a man of his condition could do and his chief pastime and divertisement consisted in the Mannage of the two afore mentioned Horses which he had not enjoyed long but the Barbary-horse for which he paid 200 Pistols in Paris died and soon after the Horse which he had from the Lord Crofts and though he wanted present means to repair these his losses yet he endeavoured and obtained so much Credit at last that he was able to buy two others and by degrees so many as amounted in all to the number of 8. In which he took so much delight and pleasure that though he was then in distress for Money yet he would sooner have tried all other ways then parted with any of them for I have hear'd him say that good Horses are so rare as not to be valued for Mony and that He who would buy him out of his Pleasure meaning his Horses must pay dear for it For instance I shall mention some passages which happen'd when My Lord was in Antwerp First A stranger coming thither and seeing my Lords Horses had a great mind to buy one of them which my Lord loved above the rest and called him his Favourite a fine Spanish Horse intreating my Lords Escuyer to acquaint him with his desire and ask the price of the said Horse My Lord when he heard of it commanded his Servant that if the Chapman returned he should be brought before him which being done accordingly my Lord asked him whether he was resolved to buy his Spanish Horse Yes answered he my Lord and I 'le give your Lordship a good price for him I make no doubt of it replied My Lord or else you shall not have him But you must know said he that the price of that Horse is 1000 l. today tomorrow it will be 2000 l. next day 3000 l. and so forth By which the Chapman perceiving that my Lord was unwilling to part with the said Horse for any Money took his leave and so went his ways The next was That the Duke de Guise who was also a great lover of good Horses hearing much Commendation of a gray leaping Horse which my Lord then had told the Gentleman that praised and commended him That if my Lord was willing to sell the said Horse he would give 600 Pistols for him The Gentleman knowing my Lords humour answered again That he was confident my Lord would never part with him for any mony and to that
the Duke of Oldenburg and the Prince of East-Friesland did my Lord the Honour and presented him with Horses of their own breed One time it happen'd that His Highness Dom Iohn d' Austria who was then Governour of those Provinces came to Antwerp and stayed there some few days and then almost all his Court waited on my Lord so that one day I reckoned about seventeen Coaches in which were all Persons of Quality who came in the morning of purpose to see my Lord's Mannage My Lord receiving so great an honour thought it sit to shew his respect and civility to them and to ride some of his Horses himself which otherwise he never did but for his own excercise and delight Amongst the rest of those great and noble Persons there were two of our Nation viz. the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond and the Earl of Bristol but Dom Iohn was not there in Person excusing himself afterwards to my Lord when my Lord waited on him that the multiplicity of his weighty affairs had hindred his coming thither which my Lord accounted as a very high honour and favour from so great a Prince and conceiving it his duty to wait on his Highness but being unknown to him the Earl of Bristol who had acquaintance with him did my Lord the favour and upon his request presented him to his Highness which favour of the said Earl my Lord highly resented Dom ` Iohn received my Lord with all kindness and respect for although there were many great and noble Persons that waited on him in an out room yet so soon as his Highness heard of my Lord's and the Earl of Bristol's being there he was pleased to admit them before all the rest My Lord after he had passed his Complements told His Highness That he found himself bound in all duty to make his humble acknowledgments for the Favour he received from His Catholick Majesty for permitting and suffering him a banished man to live in His Dominions and under the Government of His Highness whereupon Dom Iohn ask'd my Lord whether he wanted any thing and whether he liv'd peaceably without any molestation or disturbance My Lord answer'd That he lived as much to his own content as a banish'd man could do and received more respect and civility from that City then he could have expected for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Catholick Majesty and His Highness After some short Discourse my Lord took his leave of Dom Iohn Several of the Spaniards advising him to go into Spain and assuring him of His Catholick Majesties Kindness and Favour but my Lord being engaged in the City of Antwerp and besides in years and wanting means for so long and chargeable a voyage was not able to embrace their motions and surely he was so well pleased with the great Civilities he received from that City that then he was resolved to chuse no other residing place all the time of his banishment but that he being not onely credited there for all manner of Provisions and Necessaries for his subsistance but also free both from ordinary and extraordinary Taxes and from paying Excise which was a great favour and obligation to my Lord. After His Highness Dom Iohn had left the Government of those Provinces the Marquess of Caracena succeeded in his place who having a great desire to see my Lord ride in the Mannage entreated a Gentleman of the City that was acquainted with my Lord to beg that favour of him My Lord having not been at that Exercise six weeks or two months by reason of some sickness that made him unfit for it civilly begg'd his excuse but he was so much importuned by the said Gentleman that at last he granted his Request and rid one or two Horses in presence of the said Marquess of Caracena and the then Marquess now Duke of Ormond who often used to honour my Lord with his Company The said Marquess of Caracena seem'd to take much pleasure and satisfaction in it and highly complemented my Lord and certainly I have observed That Noble and Meritorious persons take great delight in honouring each other But not onely strangers but His Majesty Himself our now Gracious Soveraign was pleased to see my Lord ride and one time did ride Himself He being an Excellent Master of that Art and instructed by my Lord who had the Honour to set Him first on a Horse of Mannage when he was His Governour where His Majesties Capacity was such that being but Ten years of Age he would ride leaping Horses and such as would overthrow others and mannage them with the greatest Skill and Dexterity to the admiration of all that beheld Him Nor was this the onely Honour my Lord received from His Majesty but His Majesty and all the Royal Race that is to say Her Highness the then Princess Royal His Highness the Duke of York with His Brother the Duke of Glocester except the Princesse Henrietta now Duchess of Orleans being met one time in Antwerp were pleased to honour my Lord with their Presence and accept of a small Entertainment at his House such as his present Condition was able to afford them And some other time His Majesty passing through the City was pleased to accept of a private Dinner at my Lord's House after which I receiving that gracious Favour from His Majesty that he was pleased to see me he did merrily and in jest tell me That he perceived my Lord's Credit could procure better Meat then His own Again some other time upon a merry Challenge playing a Game at Butts with my Lord when my Lord had the better of Him What said He my Lord have you invited me to play the Rook with me Although their Stakes were not at all considerable but onely for Pastime These passages I mention onely to declare my Lord's happiness in his miseries which he received by the honour and kindness not onely of foreign Princes but of his own Master and Gracious Soveraign I will not speak now of the good esteem and repute he had by his late Majesty King Charles the First and Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother who always held and found him a very loyal and faithful Subject although Fortune was pleased to oppose him in the height of his endeavours for his onely and chief intention was to hinder His Majesties Enemies from executing that cruel design which they had upon their gracious and merciful King In which he tried his uttermost power in so much that I have heard him say out of a passionate Zeal and Loyalty That he would willingly sacrifice himself and all his Posterity for the sake of his Majesty and the Royal Race Nor did he ever repine either at his losses or sufferings but rejoyced rather that he was able to suffer for His King and Countrey His Army was the onely Army that was able to uphold His Majesties Power which so long as it was Victorious it preserved both His Majesties Person and
Crown but so soon as it fell that fell too and my Lord was then in a manner forced to seek his own preservation in foreign Countries where God was pleased to make strangers his Friends who received and protected him when he was banished his native Country and relieved him when his own Country-men sought to starve him by withholding from him what was justly his own onely for his Honesty and Loyalty which relief he received more from the Commons of those parts where he lived then from Princes he being unwilling to trouble any foreign Prince with his wants and miseries well knowing that Gifts of Great Princes come slowly and not without much difficulty neither loves he to petition any one but His own Soveraign But though my Lord by the civility of Strangers and the assistance of some few Friends of his native Country lived in an indifferent Condition yet as it hath been declared heretofore he was put to great plunges and difficulties in so much that his dear Brother Sir Charles Cavendish would often say That though he could not truly complain of want yet his meat never did him good by reason my Lord his Brother was always so near wanting that he was never sure after one meal to have another And though I was not afraid of starving or begging yet my chief fear was that my Lord for his debts would suffer Imprisonment where sadness of Mind and want of Exercise and Air would have wrought his destruction which yet by the Mercy of God he happily avoided Some time before the Restauration of His Majesty to his Royal Throne my Lord partly with the remainder of his Brothers Estate which was but little it being wasted by selling of Land for compounding with the Parliament paying of several debts and buying out the two Houses aforementioned viz. Welbeck and Bolsover and the Credit which his Sons had got which amounted in all to 2400 l. a year sprinkled something amongst his Creditors and borrowed so much of Mr. Top and Mr. Smith though without assurance that he could pay such scores as were most presssing contracted from the poorer sort of Trades-men and send ready mony to Market to avoid cozenage for small scores run up most unreasonably especially if no strict accounts be kept and the rate be left to the Creditors pleasure by which means there was in a short time so much saved as it could not have been imagined About this time a report came of a great number of Sectaries and of several disturbances in England which heightned my Lord's former hopes into a firm belief of a sudden Change in that Kingdom and a happy Restauration of His Majesty which it also pleased God to send according to his expectation for His Majesty was invited by his Subjects who were not able longer to endure those great confusions and encumbrances they had sustained hitherto to take possession of His Hereditary Rights aud the power of all his Dominions And being then at the Hague in Holland to take shipping in those parts for England my Lord went thither to wait on his Majesty who used my Lord very Graciously and his Highness the Duke of York was pleased to offer him one of those Ships that were ordered to transport His Majesty for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Highness and begg'd leave of His Highness that he might hire a Vessel for himself and his Company In the mean time whilst my Lord was at the Hague His Majesty was pleased to tell him That General Monk now Duke of Albemarle had desired the Place of being Master of the Horse To which my Lord answer'd That that gallant Person was worthy of any Favour that His Majesty could confer upon him And having taken his leave of His Majesty and His Highness the Duke of York went towards the Ship that was to transport him for England I might better call it a Boat then a Ship for those that were intrusted by my Lord to hire a Ship for that purpose had hired an old rotten Fregat that was lost the next Voyage after insomuch that when some of the Company that had promised to go over with my Lord saw it they turn'd back and would not endanger their lives in it except the Lord Widdrington who was resolved not to forsake my Lord. My Lord who was so transported with the joy of returning into his Native Countrey that he regarded not the Vessel having set Sail from Rotterdam was so becalmed that he was six dayes and six nights upon the Water during which time he pleased himself with mirth and pass'd his time away as well as he could Provisions he wanted not having them in great store and plenty At last being come so far that he was able to discern the smoak of London which he had not seen in a long time he merrily was pleased to desire one that was near him to jogg and awake him out of his dream for surely said he I have been sixteen years asleep and am not throughly awake yet My Lord lay that night at Greenwich where his Supper seem'd more savoury to him then any meat he had hitherto tasted and the noise of some scraping Fidlers he thought the pleasantest harmony that ever he had heard In the mean time my Lords Son Henry Lord Mansfield now Earl of Ogle was gone to Dover with intention to wait on His Majesty and receive my Lord his Father with all joy and duty thinking he had been with His Majesty but when he miss'd of his design he was very much troubled and more when His Majesty was pleas'd to tell him That my Lord had set to Sea before His Majesty Himself was gone out of Holland fearing my Lord had met with some Misfortune in his Journey because he had not heard of his Landing Wherefore he immediately parted from Dover to seek my Lord whom at last he found at Greenwich with what joy they embraced and saluted each other my Pen is too weak to express But all this while and after my Lord was gone from Antwerp I was left alone there with some of my servants for my Lord being in Holland with His Majesty declared in a Letter to me his intention of going for England withal commanding me to stay in that City as a Pawn for his debts until he could compass money to discharge them and to excuse him to the Magistrates of the said City for not taking his leave of them and paying his due thanks for their great civilities which he desired me to do in his behalf And certainly my Lords affection to me was such that it made him very industrious in providing those means for it being uncertain what or whether he should have any thing of his Estate made it a difficult business for him to borrow Mony At last he received some of one Mr. Ash now Sir Ioseph Ash a Merchant of Antwerp which he returned to me but what with the expence I had made in the mean while and
what was required for my transporting into England besides the debts formerly contracted the said money fell too short by 400 l. and although I could have upon my own word taken up much more yet I was unwilling to leave an engagement amongst strangers Wherefore I sent for one Mr. Shaw now Sir Iohn Shaw a near kindsman to the said Mr. Ash intreating him to lend me 400 l. which he did most readily and so discharged my debts My departure being now divulged in Antwerp the Magistrates of the City came to take their leaves of me where I desired one Mr. Duart a very worthy Gentleman and one of the chief of the City though he derives his Race from the Portuguez to whom and his Sisters all very skilful in the Art of Musick though for their own pastime and Recreation both my Lord and my self were much bound for their great civilities to be my Interpreter They were pleased to express that they were sorry for our departure out of their City but withal rejoyced at our happy returning into our Native Country and wished me soon and well to the place where I most desired to be Whereupon I having excused my Lord's hasty going away without taking his leave of them returned them mine and my Lord 's hearty Thanks for their great civilities declaring how sorry I was that it lay not in my power to make an acknowledgment answerable to them But after their departure from me they were pleased to send their Under-Officers as the custom there is with a Present of Wine which I received with all respect and thankfulness I being thus prepar'd for my Voyage went with my Servants to Flussing and finding no English Man of War there being loth to trust my self with a less Vessel was at last informed that a Dutch man of War lay there ready to Convoy some Merchants I forthwith sent for the Captain thereof whose name was Bankert and asked him whether it was possible to obtain the favour of having the use of his Ship to transport me into England To vvhich he ansvvered That he question'd not but I might for the Merchants which he was to convey were not ready yet desiring me to send one of my servants to the State to request that favour of them with whom he would go himself and assist him the best he could which he also did My suit being granted my self and my chief servants embarqued in the said Ship the rest together with the Goods being conveyed in another good strong Vessel hired for that purpose After I was safely arrived at London I found my Lord in Lodgings I cannot call them unhandsome but yet they were not fit for a Person of his Rank and Quality nor of the capacity to contain all his Family Neither did I find my Lord's Condition such as I expected Wherefore out of some passion I desir'd him to leave the Town and retire into the Countrey but my Lord gently reproved me for my rashness and impatience and soon after removed into Dorset-house which though it was better then the former yet not altogether to my satisfaction we having but a part of the said House in possession By this removal I judged my Lord would not hastily depart from London but not long after he was pleased to tell me That he had dispatched his business and was now resolved to remove into the Country having already given order for Waggons to transport our goods which was no unpleasant news to me who had a great desire for a Countrey-life My Lord before he began his Journey went to his Gracious Soveraign and begg'd leave that he might retire into the Countrey to reduce and settle if possible his confused entangled and almost ruined Estate Sir said he to His Majesty I am not ignorant that many believe I am discontented and 't is probable they 'l say I retire through discontent But I take God to witness That I am in no kind or ways displeas'd for I am so joyed at your Majesties happy Restauration that I cannot be sad or troubled for any Concern to my own particular but whatsoever Your Majesty is pleased to command me were it to sacrifice my Life I shall most obediently perform it for I have no other Will but Your Majesties Pleasure Thus he kissed His Majesty's hand and went the next day into Nottingham-shire to his Mannor-house call'd Welbeck but when he came there and began to examine his Estate and how it had been ordered in the time of his Banishment he knew not whether he had left ' any thing of it for himself or not till by his prudence and wisdom he inform'd himself the best he could examining those that had most knowledg therein Some Lands he found could be recover'd no further then for his life and some not at all Some had been in the Rebels hands which he could not recover but by His Highness the Duke of York's favour to whom His Majesty had given all the Estates of those that were condemned and executed for murdering his Royal Father of blessed memory which by the Law were forfeited to His Majesty whereof His Highness graciously restor'd my Lord so much of the Land that formerly had been his as amounted to 730 l. a year And though my Lord's Children had their Claims granted and bought out the Life of my Lord their Father which came near upon the third part yet my Lord received nothing for himself out of his own Estate for the space of eighteen years viz. During the time from the first entring into Warr which was Iune 11. 1642 till his return out of Banishment May 28. 1660 for though his Son Henry now Earl of Ogle and his eldest Daughter the now Lady Cheiny did all what lay in their power to relieve my Lord their Father and sent him some supplies of moneys at several times when he was in banishment yet that was of their own rather then out of my Lord's Estate for the Lady Chieny sold some few Jewels which my Lord her Father had left her and some Chamber-Plate which she had from her Grandmother and sent over the money to my Lord besides 1000 l. of her Portion And the now Earl of Ogle did at several times supply my Lord his Father with such moneys as he had partly obtained upon Credit and partly made by his Marriage After my Lord had begun to view those Ruines that were nearest and tried the Law to keep or recover what formerly was his which certainly shew'd no favour to him besides that the Act of Oblivion proved a great hinderance and obstruction to those his designs as it did no less to all the Royal Party and had setled so much of his Estate as possibly he could he cast up the Summ of his Debts and set out several parts of Land sor the payment of them or of some of them for some of his Lands could not be easily sold being entailed and some he sold in Derbyshire to buy the Castle
Nature is so generous that he hates to be Mercenary and never minds his own Profit or Interest in any Trust or Employment more then the good and benefit of him that intrusts or employs him But as I said heretofore these are but petty Losses in comparison of those he sustained by the late Civil Warrs whereof I shall partly give you an account I say partly for though it may be computed what the loss of the Annual Rents of his Lands amounts to of which he never received the least worth for himself and his own profit during the time both of his being employed in the Service of Warr and his Sufferings in Banishment as also the loss of those Lands that are alienated from him both in present possession and in reversion and of his Parks and Woods that were cut down yet it is impossible to render an exact account of his Personal Estate As for his Rents during the time he acted in the Warrs though he suffer'd others to gather theirs for their own use yet his own either went for the use of the Army or fell into the hands of the Enemy or were suppress'd and with-held from him by the Cozenage of his Tenants and Officers my Lord being then not able to look after them himself About the time when His late Majesty undertook the expedition into Scotland for the suppressing of some insurrection that happened there My Lord as afore is mentioned amongst the rest lent His Majesty 10000 l. sterling But having newly married a Daughter to the then Lord Brackly now Earl of Bridgwater whose portion was 12000 l. the moiety whereof was paid in Gold on the day of her marriage and the rest soon after although she was too young to be bedded This together with some other expences caused him to take up the said 10000 l. at Interest the Use whereof he paid many years after Also when after his sixteen years Banishment he returned into England before he knew what Estate was left him and was able to receive any Rents of his own he was necessitated to take 5000 l. upon Use for the maintenance of himself and his Family whereof the now Earl of Devonshire his Cousin German once removed lent him 1000 l. for which and the former 1000 l. mentioned heretofore he never desired nor received any Use from my Lord which I mention to declare the favour and bounty of that Noble Lord. But though it is impossible to render an exact account of all the losses which My Lord has sustained by the said Wars yet as far as they are accountable I shall endeavour to represent them in these following Particulars In the first place I shall give you a just particular of My Lords Estate in Lands as it was before the Wars partly according to the value of his own Surveighers and partly according to the rate it is let at this present Next I shall accompt the Woods cut down by the Rebellious Party in several places of My Lords Estate Thirdly I shall compute the Value of those Lands which My Lord hath lost both in present possession and in reversion that is to say those which he has lost altogether both for himself and his Posterity and those he has recovered onely during the time of his life and which his onely Son and Heir the now Earl of Ogle must lose after his Fathers decease Fourthly I shall make mention how much of Land my Lord hath been forced to sell for the payment of some of his Debts contracted during the time of the late Civil Wars and when his Estate was sequestred I say some for there are a great many to pay yet To which I shall Fifthly add the Composition of his Brothers Estate and the loss of it for Eight years A Particular of My Lords Estate in plain Rents as it was partly surveighed in the Year 1641 and partly is let at this present Nottingham-shire  l. s. d. THe Mannor of Welbeck 0600 00 00 l. s. d. 6229 07 11 The Mannor of Norton Carbarton and the Granges 0454 19 01 Warksopp 0051 06 08 The Mannor-house of Soakholm 0308 10 03 The Manor of Clipston Edwinstow 0334 09 08 Drayton 0008 16 06 Dunham 0099 17 08 Sutton 0185 00 05 The Mannor of Kirby c. 1075 07 02 The Mannor of Cotham 0833 18 08 The Mannor of Sitthorp 0704 01 00 Carcholston 0450 03 00 Hauksworth c. 0139 04 02 Flawborough 0512 11 08 Mearing and Holm-Meadow 0471 02 00 Lincoln-shire Wellinger and Ingham Meales 0100 00 00 Derby-shire The Barrony of Bolsover and Woodthorp 0846 08 11 6128 11 10 The Mannor of Chesterfield 0378 00 00 The Mannor of Barlow 0796 17 06 Tissington 0159 11 00 Dronfield 0486 15 10 The Mannor of Brampton 0142 04 08 Little Longston 0087 02 00 The Mannor of Stoak 0212 03 00 Birth-Hall and Peak-Forrest 0131 08 00 The Mannor of Gringlow 0156 08 00 The Mannor of Hucklow 0162 10 08 The Mannor of Blackwall 0306 00 04 Buxton and Tids-Hall 0153 02 00 Mansfield-Park 0100 00 00 Mappleton and Thorp 0207 05 00 The Mannor of Windly-Hill 0238 18 00 The Mannor of Litchurch and Markworth 0713 15 01 Church and Meynel Langly Mannor 0850 01 00 Stafford-shire  l. s. d. The Mannor of Bloar with Caulton 0573 13 04 l. s. d. 2349 17 04 The Mannor of Grindon Cauldon with Waterfull 0822 03 00 The Mannor of Cheadle with Kinsly 0259 18 00 The Mannor of Barleston c. 0694 03 00 Glocester-shire The Manor of Tormorton with Litleton 1193 16 00 1581 19 02 The Mannor of Acton Turvil 0388 03 02 Summerset-shire The Mannor of Chewstoak 0816 15 06 1303 13 10 Knighton Sutton 0300 14 04 Stroud and Kingsham-Park 0186 04 00 York-shire The Manors of Slingsby Hoverngham and Friton Northinges and Pomfret 1700 00 00 Northumberland The Barrony of Bothal Ogle and Hepple c 3000 00 00  Totall 22393 10 01 That this Particular of My Lords Estate was no less then is mentioned may partly appear by the rate as it was surveighed and sold by the Rebellious Parliament for they raised towards the later end of their power which was in the year 1652 out of my Lords Estate the summe of 111593 l. 10s 11d at five years and a half Purchase which was at above the rate of 18000 l. a year besides Woods and his Brother Sir Cavendish's Estate which Estate was 2000 l. a year which falls not much short of the mentioned account and certainly had they not sold such Lands at easie rates few would have bought them by reason the Purchasers were uncertain how long they should enjoy their purchase Besides Under-Officers do not usually refuse Bribes and it is well known that the Surveighers did under-rate Estates according as they were feed by the Purchasers Again many of the Estates of banished Persons were given to Soldiers for the payment of their Arrears who again sold them to others which would buy them at easier rates But
their humble duty to their Lord General for they were some of his White-Coats that had escaped death and if my Lord had any service for them they were ready to assist him upon what Designs soever and to obey him in whatsoever he should be pleased to Command them This I mention for the Eternal Fame and Memory of those Valiant and Faithful Men. But to return to the Power my Lord had in the late Warrs As he was the Head of his own Army and had raised it most upon his own Interest for the Service of His Majesty so he was never Ordered by His Majesty's Privy Council except that some Forces of His were kept by His late Majesty which he sent to Him together with some Arms and Ammunition heretofore mentioned until His Highness Prince Rupert came from His Majesty to join with him at the Siege of York He had moreover the Power of Coyning Printing Knighting c. which never any Subject had before when His Soveraign Himself was in the Kingdom as also the Command of so many Counties as is mentioned in the First Book and the Power of placing and displacing what Governours and Commanders he pleased and of constituting what Garisons he thought fit of the chief whereof I shall give you this following list A Particular of the Principal Garisons and the Governors of them constituted by my Lord. In Northumberland NEwcastle upon Tyne Sir Iohn Marley Knight Tynmouth-Castle and Sheilds Sir Thomas Riddal Knight In the Bishoprick of Durham Hartlepool Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lambton Raby-Castle Sir William Savile Knight and Baronet In Yorkshire The City of York Sir Thomas Glenham Knight and Baronet and afterwards when he took the Field the Lord Io. Bellasyse Pomfret-Castle Colonel Mynn and after him Sir Io. Redman Sheffield-Castle Major Beamont Wortly-Hall Sir Francis Wortley Tickhill-Castle Major Mountney Doncaster Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath afterwards Governour of Lincoln Sandal-Castle Captain Bonivant Skipton-Castle Sir Iohn Mallary Baronet Bolton-Castle Mr. Scroope Hemsley-Castle Sir Iordan Crosland Scarborough-Castle and Town Sir Hugh Chomley Stamford-Bridg Colonel Galbreth Hallifax Sir Francis Mackworth Tadcaster Sir Gamaliel Dudley Eyrmouth Major Kaughton In Cumberland The City of Carlisle Sir Philip Musgrave Knight and Baronet Cockermouth Colonel Kirby In Nottinghamshire Newark upon Trent Sir Iohn Henderson Knight and afterwards Sir Richard Byron Knight now Lord Byron Wyrton-House Colonel Rowland Hacker Welbeck Colonel Van Peire and after Colonel Beeton Shelford-House Col. Philip Stanhop In Lincolnshire The City of Lincoln first Sir Francis Fane Knight of the Bath secondly Sir Peregrine Bartu Gainsborough Colonel St. George Bullingbrook-Castle Lieutenant Colonel Chester Beluoir-Castle Sir Gervas Lucas In Derbyshire Bolsover-Castle Colonel Muschamp Wingfield Mannor Colonel Roger Molyneux Staly-House the now Lord Fretchwile A LIST of the General OFFICERS of the ARMY 1. THe Lord General the now Duke of Newcastle the Noble Subject of this Book 2. The Lieutenant General of the Army first the Earl of Newport afterwards the Lord Eythin 3. The General of the Ordnance Charles Viscount Mansfield 4. The General of the Horse George Lord Goring 5. The Colonel General of the Army Sir Thomas Glenham 6. The Major General of the Army Sir Francis Mackworth 7. The Lieutenant General of the Horse First Mr. Charles Cavendish after him Sir Charles Lucas 8. Commissary General of Horse First Colonel Windham after him Sir William Throckmorton and after him Mr. George Porter 9. Lieutenant General of the Ordnance Sir William Davenant 10. Treasurer of the Army Sir William Carnaby 11. Advocate-General of the Army Dr. Liddal 12. Quarter-Master General of the Army Mr. Ralph Errington 13. Providore-General of the Army Mr. Gervas Nevil and after Mr. Smith 14. Scout-Master-General of the Army Mr. Hudson 15. Waggon-Master-General of the Army Baptist Iohnson William Lord Widdrington was President of the Council of War and Commander in chief of the three Counties of Lincoln Rutland and Nottingham and the forces there When my Lord marched with his Army to Newcastle against the Scots then the Lord Iohn Bellassis was constituted Governour of York and Commander in Chief or Lieutenant General of York-shire As for the rest of the Officers and Commanders of every particular Regiment and Company they being too numerous cannot well be remembred and therefore I shall give you no particular accompt of them 2. Of His Misfortunes and obstructions ALthough Nature had favour'd My Lord and endued him with the best Qualities and Perfections she could inspire into his soul yet Fortune hath ever been such an inveterate Enemy to him that she invented all the spight and malice against him that lay in her power and notwithstanding his prudent Counsels and Designs cast such obstructions in his way that he seldom proved successful but where he acted in Person And since I am not ignorant that this unjust and partial Age is apt to suppress the worth of meritorious persons and that many will endeavour to obscure my Lords noble Actions and Fame by casting unjust aspersions upon him and laying either out of ignorance or malice Fortunes envy to his charge I have purposed to represent these obstructions which conspired to render his good intentions and endeavours ineffectual and at last did work his ruine and destruction in these following particulars 1. At the time when the Kingdom became so infatuated as to oppose and pull down their Gracious King and Soveraign the Treasury was exhausted and no sufficient means to raise and maintain Armies to reduce his Majesties Rebellious Subjects so that My Lord had little to begin withal but what his own Estate would allow and his Interest procure him 2. When his late Majesty in the beginning of the unhappy Wars sent My Lord to Hull the strongest place in the Kingdom where the Magazine of Arms and Ammunition was kept and he by his prudence had gained it to his Majesties service My Lord was left to the mercy of the Parliament where he had surely suffered for it though he acted not without His Majesties Commission if some of the contrary party had not quitted him in hopes to gain him on their side 3. After His Majesty had sent My Lord to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that place and he had raised there of Friends and Tenants a troup of Horse and Regiment of Foot which he ordered to conveigh some Arms and Ammunition to His Majesty sent by the Queen out of Holland His Majesty was pleased to keep the same Convoy with him to encrease his own Forces which although it was but of a small number yet at that present time it would have been very serviceable to my Lord he having then but begun to raise Forces 4. When Her Majesty the now Queen-Mother after her arrival out of Holland to York had a purpose to conveigh some Armes to His Majesty My Lord order'd a Party of 1500 to conduct the same which His Majesty was pleased to keep with him for his own
service 5. After Her Majesty had taken a resolution to go from York to Oxford where the King then was my Lord for Her safer conduct quitted 7000 men of his Army with a convenient Train of Artillery which likewise never returned to my Lord. 6. When the Earl of Montross was going into Scotland he went to my Lord at Durham and desired of him a supply of some Forces for His Majesties service where my Lord gave him 200 Horse and Dragoons even at such a time when he stood most in need of a supply himself and thought every day to encounter the Scottish Army 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went into Lincoln and Derby-shires with his Army to order and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to His Majesty and from thence resolved to march into the Associate Counties where in all porbability he would have made an happy end of the Warr he was so importuned by those he left behind him and particularly the Commander in Chief to return into York-shire alledging the Enemy grew strong and would ruine them all if he came not speedily to succour and assist them that in honour and duty he could do no otherwise but grant their Requests when as yet being returned into those parts he found them secure and safe enough from the Enemies Attempts 8. My Lord as heretofore mentioned had as great private Enemies about His Majesty as he had publick Enemies in the Field who used all the endeavour they could to pull him down 9. There was such Jugling Treachery and Falshood in his own Army and amongst some of his own Officers that it was impossible for my Lord to be prosperous and successful in his Designs and Undertakings 10. My Lord's Army being the chief and greatest Army which His Majesty had and in which consisted His prime Strength and Power the Parliament resolved at last to join all their Forces with the Army of the Scots which when it came out of Scotland was above Twenty thousand Men to oppose and if possible to ruine it well knowing that if they did pull down my Lord they should be Masters of all the Three Kingdoms so that there were Three Armies against One But although my Lord suffered much by the Negligence and sometimes Treachery of his Officers and was unfortunately called back into York-shire from his March he designed for the Associate Counties and was forced to part with a great number of his Forces and Ammunition as aforementioned yet he would hardly have been overcome and his Army ruined by the Enemy had he but had some timely supply and assistance at the Siege of York or that his Counsel had been taken in not fighting the Enemy then or that the Battel had been differ'd some two or three dayes longer until those Forces were arrived which he expected namely three thousand men out of Northumberland and Two thousand drawn out of several Garisons But the chief Misfortune was That the Enemy fell upon the Kings Forces before they were all put into a Battallia and took them at their great disadvantage which caused such a Panick fear amongst them that most of the Horse of the right Wing of His Majesty's Forces betook themselves to their heels insomuch that although the left Wing commanded by the Lord Goring and my Brother Sir Charles Lucas did their best endeavour and beat back the Enemy three times and My Lord 's own Regiment of Foot charged them so couragiously that they never broke but died most of them in their Ranks and Files yet the Power of the Enemy being too strong put them at last to a total rout and confusion Which unlucky disaster put an end to all future hopes of His Majesties Party so that my Lord seeing he had nothing left in his Power to do His Majesty any further service in that kind for had he stayed he would have been forced to surrender all those Towns and Garisons in those parts that were yet in His Majesties Devotion as afterwards it also happen'd resolved to quit the Kingdom as formerly is mentioned And these are chiefly the obstructions to the good success of my Lord's Designs in the late Civil Wars which being rightly considered will save him blameless from what otherwise would be laid to his charge for as according to the old saying 'T is easie for men to swim when they are held up by the chin So on the other side it is very dangerous and difficult for them to endeavour it when they are pulled down by the Heels and beaten upon their Heads 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings I dare boldly and justly say That there never was nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subject then My Lord Not to mention the Trust he discharged in all those imployments which either King Iames or King Charles the First or His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second were pleased to bestow upon him which he performed with such care and fidelity that he never disobeyed their Commands in the least I will onely note 1. That he was the First that appear'd in Armes for His Majesty and engaged Himself and all his Friends he could for His Majesties Service and though he had but two Sons which were young and one onely Brother yet they all were with him in the Wars His two Sons had Commands but His Brother though he had no Command by reason of the weakness of his body yet he was never from My Lord when he was in action even to the last for he was the last with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York and though my Brother Sir Charles Lucas desired my Lord to send his Sons away when the said Battel was fought yet he would not saying His Sons should shew their Loyalty and Duty to His Majesty in venturing their lives as well as Himself 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Person that kept up the Power of His late Majesty for when his Army was lost all the Kings Party was ruined in all three of his Majesties Kingdoms because in his Army lay the chief strength of all the Royal Forces it being the greatest and best formed Army which His Majesty had and the onely support both of his Majesties Person and Power and of the hopes of all his Loyal Subjects in all his Dominions 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banishment and hath lost and suffered most of any subject that suffer'd either by War or otherways except those that lost their lives and even that he valued not but exposed it to so eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Decree had ordained to save it 4. He never minded his own Interest more then his Loyaltie and Duty and upon that account never desired nor received any thing from the Crown to enrich himself but spent great sums in His Majesties Service so that after his long banishment and return into England I observed his ruined Estate was like an Earthquake and his
Majesty King CHARLEs the Second was pleased when my Lord was in banishment to make him Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter And 12. After his Return into England Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North 13. He created him Duke of Newcastle and Earl of Ogle 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King CHARLES the First THough my Lord hath alwayes been free and noble in his Entertainments and Feastings yet he was pleased to shew his great Affection and Duty to his Gracious King Charles the First and Her Majesty the Queen in some particular Entertainments which he made of purpose for them before the late Warrs When His Majesty was going into Scotland to be Crowned he took His way through Nottinghamshire and lying at Worksop-Mannor hardly two miles distant from Welbeck where my Lord then was my Lord invited His Majesty thither to a Dinner which he was graciously pleased to accept of This Entertainment cost my Lord between Four and Five thousand pounds which His Majesty liked so well that a year after His Return out of Scotland He was pleased to send my Lord word That Her Majesty the Queen was resolved to make a Progress into the Northern parts desiring him to prepare the like Entertainment for Her as he had formerly done for Him Which My Lord did and endeavour'd for it with all possible Care and Indudustry sparing nothing that might add splendor to that Feast which both Their Majesties were pleased to honour with their Presence Ben Iohnson he employed in fitting such Scenes and Speeches as he could best devise and sent for all the Gentry of the Country to come and wait on their Majesties and in short did all that ever he could imagine to render it Great and worthy Their Royal Acceptance This Entertainment he made at Bolsover-Castle in Derbyshire some five miles distant from Welbeck and resigned Welbeck for Their Majesties Lodging it cost him in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thousand pounds Besides these two there was another small Entertainment which my Lord prepared for His late Majesty in his own Park at Welbeck when His Majesty came down with his two Nephews the now Prince Elector Palatine and His Brother Prince Rupert into the Forrest of Sherwood which cost him Fifteen hundred pounds And this I mention not out of a vain-glory but to declare the great love and Duty my Lord had for His Gracious King and Queen and to correct the mistakes committed by some Historians who not being rightly informed of those Entertainments make the World believe Falshood for Truth But as I said they were made before the Warrs when my Lord had the possessiou of a great Estate and wanted nothing to express his Love and Duty to his Soveraign in that manner whereas now he should be much to seek to do the like his Estate being so much ruined by the late Civil Wars that neither himself nor his Posterity will be able so soon to recover it 8. His Education HIs Education was according to his Birth for as he was born a Gentleman so he was bred like a Gentleman To School-Learning he never shew'd a great inclination for though he was sent to the University and was a Student of St. Iohn's Colledg in Cambridg and had his Tutors to instruct him yet they could not perswade him to read or study much he taking more delight in sports then in learning so that his Father being a wise man and seeing that his Son had a good natural Wit and was of a very good Disposition suffer'd him to follow his own Genius whereas his other Son Charles in whom he found a greater love and inclination to Learning he encouraged as much that way as possibly he could One time it hapned that a young Gentleman one of my Lord's Relations had bought some Land at the same time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy for 50 l. a Horse for 50 l. and a Dog for 2 l. which humour his Father Sir Charles liked so well that he was pleased to say That if he should find his Son to be so covetous that he would buy Land before he was 20 years of Age he would disinherit him But above all the rest my Lord had a great inclination to the Art of Horsemanship and Weapons in which later his Father Sir Charles being a most ingenuous and unparallell'd Master of that Age was his onely Tutor and kept him also several Masters in the Art of Horsemanship and sent him to the Mewse to Mons. Antoine who was then accounted the best Master in that Art But my Lord's delight in those Heroick Exercises was such that he soon became Master thereof Himself which encreased much his Father's hopes of his future perfections who being himself a person of a Noble and Heroick nature was extreamly well pleased to observe his Son take delight in such Arts and Exercises as were proper and fit for a person of Quality 9. His Natural Wit and Vnderstanding ALthough my Lord has not so much of Scholarship and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish had yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit and Judgment and dives into the bottom of every thing as it is evidently apparent in the forementioned Art of Horsemanship and Weapons which by his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to such perfection as never any one has done heretofore And though he is no Mathematician by Art yet he hath a very good Mathematical brain to demonstrate Truth by natural reason and is both a good Natural and Moral Philosopher not by reading Philosophical Books but by his own Natural Understanding and Observation by which he hath found out many Truths To pass by several other instances I 'le but mention that when my Lord was at Paris in his Exile it happen'd one time that he discoursing with some of his Friends amongst whom was also that Learned Philosopher Hobbes they began amongst the rest to argue upon this subject namely Whether it mere possible to make Man by Art fly as Birds do and when some of the Company had delivered their Opinion viz. That they thought it probable to be done by the help of Artificial Wings My Lord declared that he deemed it altogether impossible and demonstrared it by this following Reason Man's Armes said he are not set on his shoulders in the same manner as Bird's wings are for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoulder is in Man placed inward as towards the breast but in Birds outward as toward the back which difference and contrary position or shape hinders that man cannot have the same flying-action with his Armes as Birds have with their Wings Which Argument Mr. Hobbes liked so well that he was pleased to make use of it in one of his Books called Leviathan if I remember well Some other time they falling into a Discourse concerning Witches Mr. Hobbes said That though he could not rationally believe there were Witches yet he could not be fully satisfied
sound but came quietly and silently into the City of York for which he would certainly have been blamed by those that make a great noise upon small causes and love to be applauded though their actions little deserve it His noble Bounty and Generosity is so manifest to all the World that I should light a Candle to the Sun if I should strive to illustrate it for he has no self-designs or self-interest but will rather wrong and injure himself then others To give you but one proof of this noble Vertue it is known that where he hath a legal right to Felons Goods as he hath in a great part of his Estate yet he never took or exacted more then some inconsiderable share for acknowledgment of his Right saying That he was resolved never to grow rich by other mens misfortunes In short I know him not addicted to any manner of Vice except that he has been a great lover and admirer of the Female Sex which whether it be so great a crime as to condemn him for it I 'le leave to the judgment of young Gallants and beautiful Ladies 11. Of His outward Shape and Behaviour HIs Shape is neat and exactly proportioned his Stature of a middle size and his Complexion sanguine His Behaviour is such that it might be a Pattern for all Gentlemen for it is Courtly Civil easie and free without Formality or Constraint and yet hath something in it of grandure that causes an awful respect towards him 12. Of His Discourse HIs Discourse is as free and unconcerned as his Behaviour Pleasant Witty and Instructive He is quick in Reparties or sudden answers and hates dubious disputes and premeditated Speeches He loves also to intermingle his Discourse with some short pleasant stories and witty sayings and always names the Author from whom he hath them for he hates to make another man's Wit his own 13. Of His HABIT HE accouters his Person according to the Fashion if it be one that is not troublesome and uneasie for men of Heroick Exercises and Actions He is neat and cleanly which makes him to be somewhat long in dressing though not so long as many effeminate persons are He shifts ordinarily once a day and every time when he uses Exercise or his temper is more hot then ordinary 14. Of His DIET IN his Diet he is so sparing and temperate that he never eats nor drinks beyond his set proportion so as to satisfie onely his natural appetite He makes but one Meal a day at which he drinks two good Glasses of Small-Beer one about the beginning the other at the end thereof and a little Glass of Sack in the middle of his Dinner which Glass of Sack he also uses in the morning for his Breakfast with a Morsel of Bread His Supper consists of an Egg and a draught of Small-beer And by this Temperance he finds himself very healthful and may yet live many years he being now of the Age of Seventy three which I pray God from my soul to grant him 15. His Recreation and Exercise HIS prime Pastime and Recreation hath always been the Exercise of Mannage and Weapons which Heroick Arts he used to practise every day but I observing that when he had over-heated himself he would be apt to take cold prevail'd so far that at last he left the frequent use of the Mannage using nevertheless still the Exercise of Weapons and though he doth not ride himself so frequently as he hath done yet he takes delight in seeing his Horses of Mannage rid by his Escuyers whom he instructs in that Art for his own pleasure But in the Art of Weapons in which he has a method beyond all that ever were famous in it found out by his own Ingenuity and Practice he never taught any body but the now Duke of Buckingham whose Guardian He hath been and his own two Sons The rest of his time he spends in Musick Poetry Architecture and the like 16. Of His Pedigree HAving made promise in the beginning of the first Book that I would join a more large Description of the Pedigree of my Noble Lord and Husband to the end of the History of his life I shall now discharge my self and though I could derive it from a longer time and reckon up a great many of his Ancestors even from the time of William the Conqueror He being descended from the most ancient family of the Gernouns as Cambden relates in his Britannia in the Description of Derbyshire yet it being a work fitter for Heralds I shall proceed no further then his Grandfather and shew you onely those noble Families which my Lord is allied to by his Birth My Lord's Grandfather by his Father as is formerly mentioned was Sir William Cavendish Privy-Counsellor and Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the Eighth Edward the Sixth and Queen Mary who married two Wives by the first he had onely two Daughters but by the second Elizabeth who was my Lords Grandmother he had three Sons and four Daughters whereof one Daughter died young She was Daughter to Iohn Hardwick of Hardwick in the County of Derby Esq and had four Husbands The first was Barlow Esq who died before they were bedded together they being both very young The second was Sir William Cavendish my Lord's Grandfather who being somewhat in years married her chiefly for her beauty she had so much power in his affection that she perswaded him to sell his Estate which he had in the Southern parts of England for he was very rich and buy an Estate in the Northern parts viz. in Derbyshire and thereabout where her own friends and kindred liv'd which he did and having there setled himself upon her further perswasion built a Mannor-house in the same County call'd Chattesworth which as I have heard cost first and last above 80000 l. sterling But before this House was finish'd he died and left six Children viz. three Sons and three Daughters which before they came to be marriageable she married a third Husband Sir William St Loo Captain of the Guard to Queen Elizabeth and Grand Butler of England who dying without Issue she married a fourth Husband George Earl of Shrewsbury by whom she left no Issue The Children which she had by her second Husband Sir William Cavendish being grown marriageable the eldest Son Henry married Grace the youngest Daughter of his Father in Law the said George Earl of Shrewsbury which he had by his former Wife Gertrude Daughter of Thomas Manners Earl of Rutland but died without Issue The second Son William after Earl of Devonshire had two Wives the first was an Heiress by whom he had Children but all died save one Son whose name was also William Earl of Devonshire His second Wife was Widdow to Sir Edward Wortly who had several Children by her first Husband and but one Son by the said Will. Cavendish after Earl of Devonshire who dyed young His Son by his first Wife William Earl of Devonshire
obstructions and hinderances yet as he undertook it chearfully and out of pure Loyalty and Obedience to His Majesty so he ordered it so wisely that so long as he acted by his own Counsels and was personally present at the execution of his Designs he was always prosperous in his Success And although he had so great an Army as aforementioned yet by his wise and prudent Conduct there appear'd no visible sign of devastation in any of the Countreys where he marched for first he setled a constant Rule for the Regular levy of money for the convenient Maintenance of the Soldiery Next he constituted such Officers of his Army that most of them were known to be Gentlemen of large and fair Estates which drew a good part of their private Revenues to serve and support them in their publick Employments wherein my Lord did lead them the way by his own good Example To which may be added his wisdom in ordering the Government of the Church for the advancement of the Orthodox Religion and suppression of Factions as also in Coyning Printing Knighting and the like which he used with great discretion and prudence onely for the Interest of His Majesty and the benefit of the Kingdom as formerly has been mentioned The Prudent mannage of his private and domestick affairs appears sufficiently 1. In his Marriage 2. In the ordering and increasing his Estate before the Wars which notwithstanding his Noble House-keeping and Hospitality and his Generous Bounty and Charity he increased to the value of 100000 l. 3. In the ordering his Affairs in the time of Banishment where although he received not the least of his own estate during all the time of his exile until his return yet maintained himself handsomely and nobly according to his Quality as much as his Condition at that time would permit 4. In reducing his torn and ruined Estate after his return which beyond all probability himself hath setled and order'd so that his Posterity will have reason gratefully to remember it In short Although my Lord naturally loves not business especially those of State though he understands them as well as any body yet what business or affairs he cannot avoid none will do them better then himself His private affairs he orders without any noise or trouble not over-hastily but wisely Neither is he passionate in acting of business but hears patiently and orders soberly and pierces into the heart or bottom of a business at the first encounter but before all things he considers well before he undertakes a business whether he be able to go through it or no for he never ventures upon either publick or private business beyond his strength And here I cannot forbear to mention that my Noble Lord when he was in banishment presumed out of his Duty and Love to his Gracious Master our now Soveraign King Charles the Second to write and send him a little Book or rather a Letter wherein he delivered his Opinion concerning the Government of his Dominions whensoever God should be pleased to restore him to his Throne together with some other Notes and Observations of Foreign States and Kingdoms but it being a private offer to His sacred Majesty I dare not presume to publish it 5. Of His Blessings ALthough my Lord hath been one of the most Unfortunate Persons of his Rank and Quality which this later age did produce yet Heaven hath been so propitious to him that it bestowed some blessings upon him even in the midst of his Misfortunes and supported him against Fortunes Malice which otherwise as it seems had designed his total ruine and destruction Of these Blessings I may name in the first place 1. The Royal Favours of His Gracious Soveraign's and the good esteem they had of his Fidelity and Loyalty which as it was the chief of his endeavours so he esteemed it above all the rest To repeat them particularly would be too tedious and they are sufficiently apparent out of the precedent History onely this I may add that King Charles the First out of a singular Favour to my Lord was pleased upon his most humble request to create several Noble-men the Names of them left I commit an offence I shall not mention by reason most men usually pretend such claimes upon the Ground of their own Merit 2. That God was pleased to bless him with Wealth and Power to enable him the better for the service of his King and Country 3. That he made him happy in his Marriage for his first Wife was a very kind loving and Virtuous Lady and bless'd him with Dutiful and Obedient Children free from Vices Noble and Generous both in ther Natures and Actions who did all that lay in their power to support and relieve my Lord their Father in his Banishment as before is mentioned 4. The Kindness and Civility which my Lord received from Strangers and the Inhabitants of those places where he lived during the time of his Banishment for had it not been for them he would have perished in his extream wants but it pleased God so to provide for him that although he wanted an Estate yet he wanted not Credit and although he was banished and forsaken by his own Friends and Country-men yet he was civilly received and relieved by strangers until God bless'd him Lastly With a happy return to his Native Country his dear Children and his own Estate which although he found much ruined and broke yet by his Prudence and Wisdom hath order'd as well as he could and I hope and pray God to add this blessing to all the rest That he may live long to encrease it for the benefit of his Posterity 6. Of his Honours and Dignities THe Honours Titles and Dignities which were conferr'd upon my Lord by King Iames King Charles the First and King Charles the Second partly as an encouragement for future Service and a Reward for past are following 1. He was made Knight of the Bath when he was but 15 or 16 years of Age at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales King Iames's Eldest Son 2. King Iames Created him Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover 3. King Charles the First constituted him Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and 4. Lord Warden of the Forrest of Sherwood as also 5. Lord Lieutenant of Derby-shire 6. He chose him Governour to His Son Charles our now gracious King and 7. Made him one of his Honourable Privy Council 8. He constituted him Governour of the Town and County of Newcastle and General of all His Majesties Forces raised and to be raised in the Northern parts of England as also of the several Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Rutland Derby Stafford Leicester Warwick Northampton Huntington Cambridg Norfolk Sussex Essex and Hereford together with all the Appurtenances belonging to so great a Power as is formerly declared 9. He conferr'd upon him the Honour and Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Hepple 10. He created him Marquess of Newcastle 11. His