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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12471	The true travels, adventures, and observations of Captaine Iohn Smith, in Europe, Asia, Affrica, and America, from anno Domini 1593. to 1629 His accidents and sea-fights in the straights; his service and stratagems of warre in Hungaria, Transilvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia, against the Turks, and Tartars ... After how he was taken prisoner by the Turks, sold for a slave ... and escaped ... Together with a continuation of his generall History of Virginia, Summer-Iles, New England, and their proceedings, since 1624. to this present 1629; as also of the new plantations of the great river of the Amazons, the iles of St. Christopher, Mevis, and Barbados in the West Indies. All written by actuall authours, whose names you shall finde along the history.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Cecil, Thomas, fl. 1630, engraver.	1630 (1630)	STC 22796; ESTC S111906	69,204	79

THE TRUE TRAVELS ADVENTVRES AND OBSERVATIONS OF Captaine IOHN SMITH In Europe Asia Affrica and America from Anno Domini 1593. to 1629. His Accidents and Sea-fights in the Straights his Service and Stratagems of warre in Hungaria Transilvania Wallachia and Moldavia against the Turks and Tartars his three single combats betwixt the Christian Armie and the Turkes After how he was taken prisoner by the Turks sold for a Slave sent into Tartaria his description of the Tartars their strange manners and customes of Religions Diets Buildings Warres Feasts Ceremonies and Living how hee slew the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Cambia and escaped from the Turkes and Tartars Together with a continuation of his generall History of Virginia Summer-Iles New England and their proceedings since 1624. to this present 1629 as also of the new Plantations of the great River of the Amazons the Iles of St. Christopher Mevis and Barbados in the West Indies All written by actuall Authours whose names you shall finde along the History LONDON Printed by J. H. for Thomas Slater and are to bee sold at the Blew Bible in Greene Arbour 1630. TO THE RIGHT HONOVRABLE William EARLE OF PEMBROKE Lord Steward of his Majesties most Honourable Houshold Robert EARLE OF LINDSEY Great Chamberlaine of ENGLAND Henrie Lord Hunsdon Vicount Rochford Earle of Dover And all your Honourable Friends and Well-willers My Lords SIR Robert Cotton that most learned Treasurer of Antiquitie having by perusall of my Generall Historie and others found that I had likewise undergone divers other as hard hazards in the other parts of the world requested me to fix the whole course of my passages in a booke by it selfe whose noble desire I could not but in part satisfie the rather because they have acted my fatall Tragedies upon the Stage and racked my Relations at their pleasure To prevent therefore all future misprisions I have compiled this true discourse Envie hath taxed me to have writ too much and done too little but that such should know how little I esteeme them I have writ this more for the satisfaction of my friends and all generous and well disposed Readers To speake only of my selfe were intolerable ingratitude because having had so many co-partners with me I cannot make a Monument for my selfe and leave them unburied in the fields whose lives begot me the title of a Souldier for as they were companions with me in my dangers so shall they be partakers with me in this Tombe For my Sea Grammar caused to bee printed by my worthy friend Sir Samuel Saltonstall hath found such good entertainment abroad that I have beene importuned by many noble persons to let this also passe the Presse Many of the most eminent Warriers and others what their swords did their penns writ Though I bee never so much their inferiour yet I hold it no great errour to follow good examples nor repine at them will doe the like And now my most Honourable good Lords I know not to whom I may better present it than to your Lordships whose friendships as I conceive are as much to each others as my duty is to you all and because you are acquainted both with my endevours and writings I doubt not but your honours will as well accept of this as of the rest and Patronize it under the shadow of your most noble vertues which I am ever bound in all duty to reverence and under which I hope to have shelter against all stormes that dare threaten Your Honours to be commanded IOHN SMITH The Contents of the severall Chapters CHAP. I. HIs birth apprentiship going into France his beginning with ten shillings and three pence his service in Netherlands his bad passage into Scotland his returne to Willoughby and how he lived in the woods page 1. Chap. 2. The notable villany of foure French Gallants and his revenge Smith throwne over-boord Captaine La Roche of Saint Malo releeves him 3. Chap. 3. A desperate Sea-sight in the Straights his passage to Rome Naples and the view of Italy 5. Chap. 4. The Siege of Olumpagh an excellent stratagem by Smith another not much worse 6. Chap. 5. The siege of Stowlle-Wesenburg the effects of Smiths Fire-workers a worthy exploit of the Earle Rosworme Earle Meldritch takes the Bashaw prisoner 8. Chap. 6. A brave encounter of the Turks armie with the Christians Duke Mercury overthroweth Assan Bashaw He divides the Christian armie his noblenesse and death 9. Chap. 7. The unhappy siege of Caniza Earle Meldritch serveth Prince Sigismundus Prince Moyses besiegeth Regall Smiths three single combats 11. Chap. 8. Georgio Busca an Albane his ingratitude to Prince Sigismundus Prince Moyses his Lieutenant is overthrowne by Busca Generall for the Emperour Rodulphus Smiths Patent from Sigismundus and reward 14. Chap. 9. Sigismundus sends Ambassadours unto the Emperour the conditions re-assured he yeeldeth up all to Busca and returneth to Prague 18. Chap. 10. The Battell of Rottenton a pretty stratagem of fire-workes by Smith 20. Chap. 11. The names of the English that were slaine in the battle of Rottenton and how Captaine Smith was taken prisoner and sold for a slave 21. Chap. 12. How Captaine Smith was sent prisoner thorow the Blacke and Dissabacca Sea in Tartaria the description of those Seas and his usage 23. Chap. 13. The Turks diet the Slaves diet the attire of the Tartars and manner of Warres and Religions c. 24. Chap. 14. The description of the Crym-Tartars their houses and carts their idolatry in their lodgings 26. Chap. 15. Their feasts common diet Princes estate buildings lawes slaves entertainment of Ambassadours 27. Chap. 16. How be levieth an Armie their Armes and Provision how he divideth the spoile and his service to the Great Turke 29. Chap. 17. How Captaine Smith escaped his captivity slew the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Cambia his passage to Russia Transilvania and the middest of Europe to Affrica 31. Chap. 18. The observations of Captaine Smith Mr. Henry Archer and others in Barbary 34. Chap. 19. The strange discoveries and observations of the Portugals in Affrica 37. Chap. 20. A brave Sea-fight betwixt two Spanish men of warre and Captaine Merham with Smith 39. Chap. 21. The continuation of the generall History of Virginia the Summer Iles and New England with their present estate from 1624. to this present 1629. 41. Chap. 22. The proceedings and present estate of the Summer Iles from An. Dom. 1624. to this present 1629. 45. Chap. 23. The proceedings and present estate of New England since 1624. to this present 1629. 46. Chap. 24. A briefe discourse of divers voyages made unto the goodly Country of Guiana and the great River of the Amazons relating also the present Plantation there 48. Chap. 25. The beginning and proceedings of the new plantation of St. Christopher by Captaine Warner 51. Chap. 26. The first planting of the Barbados 55. Chap. 27. The first plantation of the I le of Mevis 56. Chap. 28. The bad life qualities and conditions of Pyrats

thy Selfe a Souldier true in all parts Thy Armes are deckt with that thy Sword hath wonne Which mallice can't out-weare till day be done For three proud Turks in single fight thou 'st slue Their Heads adorne thy Armes for witnesse true Let Mars and Neptune both with Pregnant wit Extoll thy due deserts He pray for it SALO TANNER THE TRVE TRAVELS ADVENTVRES AND OBSERVATIONS OF CAPTAINE IOHN SMITH in Europe Asia Africke and America beginning about the yeere 1593. and continued to this present 1629. CHAP. I. His Birth Apprentiship Going into France His beginning with ten shillings and three pence His Service in Netherlands His bad passage into Scotland His returne to Willoughby And how he lived in the Woods HE was borne in Willoughby in Lincolne-shire and a Scholler in the two Free-schooles of Alford and Louth His father anciently descended from the ancient Smiths of Crudley in Lancashire his mother from the Rickands at great Heck in York-shire His parents dying when he was about thirteene yeeres of age left him a competent meanes which hee not being capable to manage little regarded his minde being even then set upon brave adventures sould his Satchell bookes and all he had intending secretly to get to Sea but that his fathers death stayed him But now the ●uardians of his estate more regarding it than him he had libertie enough though no meanes to get beyond the Sea About the age of fifteene yeares hee was bound an Apprentice to Mr. Thomas Sendall of Linne the greatest Merchant of all those parts but because hee would not presently send him to Sea he never saw his master in eight yeeres after At last he ●ound meanes to attend Mr. Perigrine Barty into France second sonne to the Right Honourable Perigrine that generous Lord Willoughby and famous Souldier where comming to his brother Robert then at Orleans now Earle of Linsey and Lord great Chamberlaine of England being then but little youths under Tuto●age his service being needlesse within a moneth or six weekes they sent him backe againe to his friends who when he came from London they liberally gave him but out of his owne estate ten shillings to be rid of him such oft is the share of fatherlesse children but those two Honourable Brethren gave him sufficient to returne for England But it was the least thought of his determination for now being freely at libertie in Paris growing acquainted with one Master David Hume who making some use of his purse gave him Letters to his friends in Scotland to preferre him to King Iames. Arriving at Roane he better bethinkes himselfe seeing his money neere spent downe the River he went to Haver de grace where he first began to learne the life of a souldier Peace being concluded in France he went with Captaine Ioseph Duxbury into the Low-countries under whose Colours having served three or foure yeeres he tooke his journey for Scotland to deliver his Letters At Ancusan he imbarked himselfe for Lethe but as much danger as shipwracke and sicknesse could endure hee had at the holy I le in Northumberland neere Barwicke being recovered into Scotland he went to deliver his Letters After much kinde usage amongst those honest Scots at Ripweth and Broxmoth but neither money nor meanes to make him a Courtier he returned to Willoughby in Lincolne-shire where within a short time being glutted with too much company wherein he took small delight he retired himselfe into a little wooddie pasture a good way from any towne invironed with many hundred Acres of other woods Here by a faire brook he built a Pavillion of boughes where only in his cloaths he lay His studie was Machiavills Art of warre and Marcus Aurelius his exercise a good horse with his lance and Ring his food was thought to be more of venison than any thing else what he wanted his man brought him The countrey wondering at such an Hermite His friends perswaded one Seignior Theadora Polaloga Rider to Henry Earle of Lincolne an excellent Horse-man and a noble Italian Gentleman to insinuate into his wooddish acquaintances whose Languages and good discourse and exercise of riding drew him to stay with him at Tattersall Long these pleasures could not content him but hee returned againe to the Low-Countreyes Chap II. The notable villany of foure French Gallants and his revenge Smith throwne over-board Captaine La Roche of Saint Malo releeves him THus when France and Netherlands had taught him to ride a Horse and use his Armes with such rudiments of warre as his tender yeeres in those martiall Schooles could attaine unto he was desirous to see more of the world and trie his fortune against the Turkes both lamenting and repenting to have seene so many Christians slaughter one another Opportunitie casting him into the company of foure French Gallants well attended faining to him the one to be a great Lord the rest his Gentlemen and that they were all devoted that way over-perswaded him to goe with them into France to the Dutchesse of Mercury from whom they should not only have meanes but also Letters of favour to her noble Duke then Generall for the Emperour Rodolphus in Hungary which he did with such ill weather as winter affordeth in the darke night they arrived in the broad shallow In-let of Saint Va●leries sur Some in Picardie his French Lord knowing he had good apparell and better furnished with money than themselves so plotted with the Master of the ship to set his and their owne trunckes a shore leaving Smith aboard till the boat could returne which was the next day after towards evening the reason hee alleaged was the sea went so high hee could come no sooner and that his Lord was gone to Amiens where they would stay his comming which treacherous villany when divers other souldiers and passengers understood they had like to have slaine the Master and had they knowne how would have runne away with the ship Comming on shore hee had but one Carralue was forced to sell his cloake to pay for his passage One of the souldiers called Curzianvere compassionating his injury assured him this great Lord Depreau was only the sonne of a Lawyer of Mortaigne in base Britany and his Attendants Cursell La Nelie and Monferrat three young citizens as arrant cheats as himselfe but if he would accompany him he would bring him to their friends but in the interim supplied his wants thus travelling by Deepe Codebeck Humphla Pount-demer in Normandie they came to Cane in base Normandie where both this noble Curzianvere and the great Prior of the great Abbey of S. Steven where is the ruinous Tombe of William the Conquerour and many other of his friends kindly welcomed him and brought him to Mortaigne where hee found Depreau and the rest but to small purpose for Mr. Curzianvere was a banished man and durst not be seene but to his friends yet the bruit of their cosenage occasioned the Lady Collumber the Baron Larshan the Lord Shasghe

and divers other honourable persons to supply his wants and with them to recreate himselfe so long as hee would but such pleasant pleasures suited little with his poore estate and his restlesse spirit that could never finde content to receive such noble favours as he could neither deserve nor requite but wandring from Port to Port to finde some man of war spent that he had and in a Forest neere dead with griefe and cold a rich Farmer found him by a faire Fountaine under a tree This kinde Pesant releeved him againe to his content to follow his intent Not long after as he passed thorow a great grove of trees betweene Pounterson and Dina in Britaine it was has chance to meet Cursell more miserable than himselfe His piercing injuries had so small patience as without any word they both drew and in a short time Cursell fell to the ground where from an old ruinated Tower the inhabitants seeing them were satisfied when they heard Cursell confesse what had formerly passed and that how in the dividing that they had stolne from him they fell by the ears amongst themselves that were actors in it but for his part he excused himselfe to be innocent as well of the one as of the other In regard of his hurt Smith was glad to be so rid of him directing his course to an honourable Lord the Earle of Ployer who during the warre in France with his two brethren Viscount Poomory and Baron d' Mercy who had beene brought up in England by him he was better refurnished than ever When they had shewed him Saint Malo Mount Saint Michael Lambal Simbreack Lanion and their owne faire Castle of Tuncadeck Gingan and divers other places in Britanny and their Brittish Cornwaile taking his leave he tooke his way to Raynes the Britaines chiefe Citie and so to Nantes Poyters Rochell and Burdeaux The ●umour of the strength of Bayon in Biskay caused him to see it and from thence tooke his way from Leskar in Biearne Paw in the kingdom of Navar to Tolouz 〈◊〉 Gascoigne Bezers and Carcassone Narbone Montpellier Nimes in Languedock and thorow the Country of Avignion by Arles to Marcellos in Province there imbarking himselfe for Italy the ship was enforced to Tolonne and putting againe to sea ill weather so grew upon them they anchored close aboard the shore under the little Isle of S. Mary against Neice in Savoy Here the inhumane Provincialls with a rabble of Pilgrimes of divers Nations going to Rome hourely cursing him not only for a Hugonoit but his Nation they swore were all Pyrats and so vildly railed on his dread Soveraigne Queene Elizabeth and that they never should have faire weather so long as hee was aboard them their disputations grew to that passion that they threw him over-board yet God brought him to that little Isle where was no inhabitants but a few kine and goats The next morning he espied two ships more riding by them put in by the storme that fetched him aboard well refreshed him and so kindly used him that he was well contented to trie the rest of his fortune with them After he had related unto them his former discourse what for pitie and the love of the Honourable Earle of Ployer this noble Britaine his neighbour Captaine la Roche of Saint Malo regarded and entertained him for his well respected friend With the next faire wind they failed along by the Coast of Corsica and Sardinia and crossing the gulfe of Tunis passed by Cape Bona to the Isle of Lampadosa leaving the coast of Barbary till they came at Cape Rosata and so along the African shore for Alexandria in Aegypt There delivering their fraught they went to Scandaroone rather to view what ships was in the Roade than any thing else keeping their course by Cypres and the coast of Asia sayling by Rhodes the Archipellagans Candia and the coast of Grecia and the Isle of Zaffalonia They lay to and againe a few dayes betwixt the Isle of Corfue and the Cape of Otranto in the Kingdome of Naples in the Entrance of the Adriatike sea CHAP. III. A desperate Sea-fight in the Straights His passage to Rome Naples and the view of Italy BEtwixt the two Capes they meet with an Argosie of Venice it seemed the Captaine desired to speake with them whose untoward answer was such as slew them a man whereupon the Britaine presently gave them the broad-side then his Sterne and his other broad-side also and continued the chase with his chase peeces till he gave them so many broad-sides one after another that the Argosies sayles and tackling was so torne she stood to her defence and made shot for shot twice in one houre and a halfe the Britaine boarded her yet they cleared themselves but clapping her aboard againe the Argosie fired him which with much danger to them both was presently quenched This rather augmented the Britaines rage than abated his courage for having reaccommodated himselfe againe shot her so oft betweene wind and water shee was readie to sinke then they yeelded the Britaine lost fifteene men she twentie besides divers were hurt the rest went to worke on all hands some to stop the leakes others to guard the prisoners that were chained the rest to rifle her The Silkes Velvets Cloth of gold and Tissue Pyasters Chicqueenes and Sultanies which is gold and silver they unloaded in foure and twentie houres was wonderfull where of having sufficient and tired with toile they cast her off with her company with as much good merchandize as would have fraughted such another Britaine that was but two hundred Tunnes she foure or five hundred To repaire his defects hee stood for the coast of Calabria but hearing there was six or seven Galleyes at Mesina hee departed thence for Malta but the wind comming faire he kept his course along the coast of the Kingdome of Sicilia by Sardinia and Corsica till he came to the Road of Antibo in Peamon where he set Smith on shore with fiue hundred chicqueenes and a little box God sent him worth neere as much more Here he left this noble Britaine and embarked himselfe for Lygorne being glad to have such opportunitie and meanes to better his experience by the view of Italy and having passed Tuskany and the Countrey of Sieana where hee found his deare friends the two Honourable Brethren the Lord Willoughby and his Brother cruelly wounded in a desperate fray yet to their exceeding great honour Then to Viterbo and many other Cities he came to Rome where it was his chance to see Pope Clement the eight with many Cardinalls creepe up the holy Stayres which they say are those our Saviour Christ went up to Pontius Pilate where bloud falling from his head being pricked with his crowne of thornes the drops are marked with nailes of steele upon them none dare goe but in that manner saying so many Ave-Maries and Pater-nosters as is their devoton and to kisse

arrived at Vienne where the Arch-dukes and the Nobilitie with as much honour received him as if he had conquered all Hungaria his very Picture they esteemed would make them fortunate which thousands kept as curiously as a precious relique To requite this honour preparing himselfe to returne into France to raise new Forces against the next yeare with the two Arch-dukes Mathias and Maximilian and divers others of the Nobilitie was with great magnificence conducted to Nurenburg there by them royally feasted how it chanced is not knowne but the next morning he was found dead and his brother in law died two dayes after whose hearts after this great triumph with much sorrow were carried into France CHAP. VII The unhappie Siege of Caniza Earle Meldritch serveth Prince Sigismundus Prince Moyses besiegeth Regall Smiths three single combats His Patent from Sigismundus and reward THe worthy Lord Rosworme had not a worse journey to the miserable Seige of Caniza where by the extremitie of an extraordinary continuing tempest of haile wind frost and snow in so much that the Christians were forced to leave their Tents and Artillery and what they had it being so cold that three or foure hundred of them were frozen to death in a night and two or three thousand lost in that miserable flight in the snowie tempest though they did know no enemie at all to follow them than the noble Earle of Meldritch had to Transilvania where hearing of the death of Michael and the brave Duke Mercury and knowing the policie of Busca and the Prince his Roialtie being now beyond all beleefe of men in possession of the best part of Transilvania perswaded his troopes in so honest a cause to assist the Prince against the Turke rather than Busca against the Prince The souldiers being worne out with those hard payes and travells upon hope to have free libertie to make bootie upon what they could get possession of from the Turkes was easily perswaded to follow him whithersoever Now this noble Earle was a Transilvanian borne and his fathers Countrey yet inhabited by the Turkes for Transilvania was yet in three divisions though the Prince had the hearts both of Country and people yet the Frontiers had a Garrison amongst the unpassable mountaines some for the Emperour some for the Prince and some for the Turke to regaine which small estate hee desired leave of the Prince to trie his fortunes and to make use of that experience the time of twentie yeares had taught him in the Emperours service promising to spend the rest of his dayes for his countries defence in his Excellencies service The Prince glad of so brave a Commander and so many expert and ancient souldiers made him Campe-master of his Armie gave him all necessary releefe for his troopes and what freedome they desired to plunder the Turkes The Earle having made many incursions into the Land of Zarkam among those rockie mountains where were some Turks some Tartars but most Bandittoes Rennegadoes and such like which sometimes hee forced into the Plaines of Regall where is a Citie not only of men and fortifications strong of it selfe but so environed with mountaines that made the passages so difficult that in all these warres no attempt had beene made upon it to any purpose Having satisfied himselfe with the Situation and the most convenient passages to bring his Armie unto it The earth no sooner put on her greene habit than the Earle overspread her with his armed troopes To possesse himselfe first of the most convenient passage which was a narrow valley betwixt two high mountaines he sent Colonell Veltus with his Regiment dispersed in companies to lye in Ambuscado as he had directed them and in the morning to driue all the cattell they could finde before a Fort in that passage whom he supposed would sally seeing but some small partie to recover their prey which tooke such good successe that the Garrison was cut off by the Ambuscado and Veltus seized on the Skonces which was abandoned Meldritch glad of so fortunate a beginning it was six dayes ere he could with six thousand Pioners make passage for his Ordnance The Turkes having such warning strengthned the Towne so with men and provision that they made a scorne of so small a number as Meldritch brought with him before the Citie which was but eight thousand Before they had pitched their Tents the Turkes sallied in such abundance as for an houre they had rather a bloudy battell than a skirmish but with the losse of neere fifteene hundred on both sides The Turkes were chased till the Cities Ordnance caused the Earle to retire The next day Zachel Moyses Generall of the Armie pitched also his tents with nine thousand foot and horse and six and twenty peeces of Ordnance but in regard of the situation of this strong Fortresse they did neither feare them nor hurt them being upon the point of a faire promontory environed on the one side within halfe a mile with an un-usefull mountaine and on the other side with a faire Plaine where the Christians encamped but so commanded by their Ordnance they spent neere a month in entrenching themselves and raising their mounts to plant their batteries which slow proceedings the Turkes oft derided that their Ordnance were at pawne and how they grew fat for want of exercise and fearing lest they should depart ere they could assault their Citie sent this Challenge to any Captaine in the Armie That to delight the Ladies who did long to see some court-like pastime the Lord Turbashaw did defie any Captaine that had the command of a Company who durst combate with him for his head The matter being discussed it was accepted but so many questions grew for the undertaking it was decided by lots which fell upon Captaine Smith before spoken of Truce being made for that time the Rampiers all beset with faire Dames and men in Armes the Christians in Battalio Turbashaw with a noise of Howboyes entred the fields well mounted and armed on his shoulders were fixed a paire of great wings compacted of Eagles feathers within a ridge of silver richly garnished with gold and precious stones a Ianizary before him bearing his Lance on each side another leading his horse where long hee stayed nor ere Smith with a noise of Trumpets only a Page bearing his Lance passing by him with a courteous salute tooke his ground with such good successe that at the sound of the charge he passed the Turke thorow the sight of his Beaver face head and all that he fell dead to the ground where alighting and unbracing his Helmet cut off his head and the Turkes tooke his body and so returned without any hurt at all The head hee presented to the Lord Moses the Generall who kindly accepted it and with joy to the whole armie he was generally welcomed The death of this Captaine so swelled in the heart of one Grualgo his vowed friend as rather inraged with

accident onely accompanied with an hundred of his Gentry and Nobility went into the campe to Busca to let him know how ignorant he was of his Liestenants errour that had done it without his direction or knowledge freely offering to performe what was concluded by his Ambassadours with the Emperour and so causing all his Garrisons to come out of their strong holds he delivered all to Busca for the Emperour and so went to Prague where he was honourably receiued and established in his possessions as his Emperiall Majestie had promised Busca assembling all the Nobility tooke their oaths of allegeance and fidelity and thus their Prince being gone Trasilvania became againe subject to the Emperour Now after the death of Michael Vavoyd of Wallachia the Turke sent one Ieremie to be their Vavoyd or Prince whose insulting tyranny caused the people to take Armes against him so that he was forced to flie into the confines of Moldavia and Busca in the behalfe of the Emperour proclaimed the Lord Rodoll in his stead But Ieremy having assembled an Army of forty thousand Turks Tartars and Moldavians returned into Wallachia Rodoll not yet able to raise such a power fled into Transilvania to Busca his ancient friend who considering well of the matter and how good it would be for his owne security to have Wallachia subject to the Emperour or at least such an employment for the remainders of the old Regiments of Sigismundus of whose greatnesse and true affection hee was very suspitious sent them with Rodoll to recover Wallachia conducted by the valiant Captaines the Earle Meldritch Earle Veltus Earle Nederspolt Earle Zarvana the Lord Bechlefield the Lord Budendorfe with their Regiments and divers others of great ranke and quality the greatest friends and alliances the Prince had who with thirty thousand marched along by the river Altus to the streights of Rebrinke where they entred Wallachia encamping at Raza Ieremie lying at Argish drew his Army into his old campe in the plaines of Peteske and with his best diligence fortified it intending to defend himselfe till more power came to him from the Crym-Tartar Many small parties that came to his campe Rodoll cut off and in the nights would cause their heads to be throwne vp and downe before the trenches Seven of their Porters were taken whom Ieremie commanded to be stayed quicke and after hung their skinnes vpon poles and their carkasses and heads on stakes by them CHAP. X. The battell of Rotenton a pretty stratagem of fire-workes by Smith ROdoll not knowing how to draw the enemie to battell raised his Armie burning and spoyling all where he came and returned againe towards Rebrinke in the night as if he had fled vpon the generall rumour of the Crym-Tartars comming which so inflamed the Turkes of a happy victory they vrged Ieremy against his will to follow them Rodoll seeing his plot fell out as he desired so ordered the matter that having regained the streights he put his Army in order that had beene neere two dayes pursued with continuall skirmishes in his Reare which now making head against the enemie that followed with their whole Armie in the best manner they could was furiously charged with six thousand Hydukes Wallachians and Moldavians led by three Colonells Oversall Dubras and Calab to entertaine the time till the rest came up Veltus and Nederspolt with their Regiments entertained them with the like courage till the Zanzacke Hamesbeg with six thousand more came with a fresh charge which Meldritch and Budendorfe rather like enraged lions than men so bravely encountred as if in them only had consisted the victory Meldritchs horse being slaine vnder him the Turks pressed what they could to have taken him prisoner but being remounted it was thought with his owne hand he slew the valiant Zanzacke whereupon his troopes retyring the two proud Bashawes Aladin and Zizimmus brought up the front of the body of their battell Veltus and Nederspolt having breathed and joyning their troopes with Becklefield and Zarvana with such an incredible courage charged the left flancke of Zizimmus as put them all in disorder where Zizimmus the Bashaw was taken prisoner but died presently upon his wounds Ieremie seeing now the maine battell of Rodoll advance being thus constrained like a valiant Prince in his front of the Vantgard by his example so brauely encouraged his souldiers that Rodoll found no great assurance of the victorie Thus being joyned in this bloudy massacre that there was scarce ground to stand upon but upon the dead carkasses which in lesse than an hower were so mingled as if each Regiment had singled out other The admired Aladin that day did leave behinde him a glorious name for his valour whose death many of his enemies did lament after the victory which at that instant sell to Rodoll It was reported Ieremie was also slaine but it was not so but fled with the remainder of his Armie to Moldavia leaving five and twenty thousand dead in the field of both Armies And thus Rodoll was seated againe in his Soueraignty and Wallachia became subject to the Emperour But long he rested not to settle his new estate but there came newes that certaine Regiments of stragling Tartars were forraging those parts towards Moldavia Meldritch with thirteene thousand men was sent against them but when they heard it was the Crym-Tartar and his two sonnes with an Armie of thirty thousand and Ieremie that had escaped with fourteene or fifteene thousand lay in ambush for them about Langanaw he retired towards Rottenton a strong garrison for Rodoll but they were so invironed with these hellish numbers they could make no great haste for skirmishing with their scouts forragers and small parties that still encountred them But one night amongst the rest having made a passage through a wood with an incredible expedition cutting trees thwart each other to hinder their passage in a thicke fogge early in the morning unexpectedly they met two thousand loaded with pillage and two or three hundred horse and cattell the most of them were slaine and taken prisoners who told them where Ieremie lay in the passage expecting the Crym-Tartar that was not farre from him Meldritch intending to make his passage perforce was advised of a pretty stratagem by the English Smith which presently he thus accomplished for having accommodated two or three hundred truncks with wilde fire vpon the heads of lances and charging the enemie in the night gave fire to the truncks which blazed forth such flames and sparkles that it so amazed not onely their horses but their foot also that by the meanes of this fl●ming encounter their owne horses turned tailes with such fury as by their violence overthrew Ieremy his Army without any losse at all to speake of to Meldritch But of this victory long they triumphed not for being within three leagues of Rottenton the Tartar with neere forty thousand so beset them that they must either fight or be cut

England by Master Merifield who brought him from thence and bringeth him up as his owne children It lyeth seventeene degrees Northward of the line about an hundred and twenty leagues from the Cape de tres Puntas the neerest maine land in America it is about eight leagues in length and foure in bredth an Iland amongst 100. Iles in the West Indies called the Caribes where ordinarily all them that frequent the West Indies refresh themselves those most of them are rocky little and mountainous yet frequented with the Canibals many of them inhabited as Saint Domingo Saint Mattalin Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Granada and Margarita to the Southward Northward none but Saint Christophers and it but lat●ly yet they will be ranging Marigalanta Guardalupo Deceado Monserat Antigua Mevis Bernardo Saint Martin and Saint Bartholomew but the worst of the foure Iles possessed by the Spanyard as Portorico or Iamica is better than them all as for Hispaniola and Cuba they are worthy the title of two rich Kingdomes the rest not respected by the Spanyards for want of harbors and their better choice of good land and profit in the maine But Captaine Warner having beene very familiar with Captaine Painton in the Amazon hearing his information of this St. Christophers and having made a yeares tryall as it is said returned for England ioyning with Master Merifield and his friends got Letters Pattents from King Iames to plant and possesse it Since then the Right Honourable the Earle of Carlile hath got Letters Pattents also not only of that but all the Caribes Iles about it who is now chiefe Lord of them and the English his tenants that doe possesse them over whom he appointeth such Governours and Officers as their affaires require and although there be a great custome imposed upon them considering their other charges both to feed and maintaine themselves yet there is there and now a going neere upon the number of three thousand people where by reason of the rockinesse and thicknesse of the woods in the I le it is difficult to passe and such a snuffe of the Sea goeth on the shore ten m●y better defend than fifty assault In this I le are many springs but yet water is scarce againe in many places the valleyes and sides of the hills very fertile but the mountaines harsh and of a sulphurous composition all overgrowne with Palmetas Cotten trees Lignum vitae and divers other sorts but none like any in Christendome except those carried thither the aire very pleasant and healthfull but exceeding ●ot yet so tempered with coole breaths it seemes very temperate to them that are a little used to it the trees being alwaies greene the daies and nights alwayes very neere equall in length alwayes Summer only they have in their seasons great gusts and raines and somtimes a Hericano which is an overgrowne and a most violent storme In some of those Iles are cattell goats and hogges but here none but what they must carry Gwanes they have which is a little harmelesse beast like a Crokadell or Aligator very fat and good meat she layes egges in the sand as doth the land Crabs which live here in abundance like Conies in Boroughs unlesse about May when they come downe to the Sea side to lay in the sand as the other and all their egges are hatched by the heat of the Sunne From May to September they have good store of Tortasses that come out of the Sea to lay their egges in the sand and are hatched as the other they will lay halfe a pecke at a time and neere a bushell ere they have done and are round like Tenis-balls this fish is like veale in taste the fat of a brownish colour very good and wholsome We seeke them in the nights where we finde them on shore we turne them upon their backs till the next day we fetch them home for they can never returne themselves being so hard a cart may goe over them and so bigge one will suffice forty or fifty men to dinner Divers sorts of other fish they have in abundance and Prawnes most great and excellent but none will keepe sweet scarce twelve houres The best and greatest is a Passer Flaminga which walking at her length is as tall as a man Pigeons and Turtle Doves in abundance some Parrots wilde Hawkes but divers other sorts of good Sea fowle whose names we know not Cassado is a root planted in the ground of a wonderfull increase and will make very good white bread but the Iuyce ranke poyson yet boyled better than wine Potatos Cabbages and Radish plenty Mayes like the Virginia wheat we have Pine-apples neere so bigge as an Hartichocke but the most daintiest taste of any fruit Plantnais an excellent and a most increasing fruit Apples Prickell Peares and Pease but differing all from ours There is Pepper that groweth in a little red huske as bigge as a Walnut about foure inches in length but the long cods are small and much stronger and better for use than that from the East Indies There is two sorts of Cotten the silke Cotten as in the East Indies groweth upon a small stalke as good for beds as downe the other upon a shrub and beareth a cod bigger than a Walnut full of Cotten wooll Anotto also groweth upon a shrub with a cod like the other and nine or ten on a bunch full of Anotto very good for Dyers though wilde Sugar Canes not tame 4. or 5. foot high also Mast●cke and Locus trees g●eat and hard timber Gourds Muske Melons Water Melons Lettice P●rsly all places naturally beare pursl●ine of it selfe Sope-berries like a Musket bullet that washeth as white as Sope in the middle of the root is a thing like a sedge a very good f●uit we call Pengromes a Pappaw is as great as an apple coloured like an Orange and good to eat a small hard nut like a hazell nut growes close to the ground and like this growes on the Palmetas which we call a Mucca nut Mustard-seed will grow to a great tree but beares no seed yet the leaves will make good mustard the Mancinell tree the fruit is poyson good figs in abundance but the Palmeta serveth to build Forts and houses the leaves to cover them and many other uses the iuyce we draw from them till we sucke them to death is held restorative and the top for meat doth serve us as Cabbage but oft we want poudered Beefe and Bacon and many other needfull necessaries by Thomas Simons Rowland Grascocke Nicholas Burgh and others CHAP. XXVI The first planting of the Barbados THe Barbados lies South-west and by South an hundred leagues from Saint Christophers threescore leagues West and South from Trinidado and some fourescore leagues from Cape de Salinos the next part of the maine The first planters brought thither by Captaine Henry Powel were forty English with seven or eight Negros then he went to Disacuba in the maine where