CALIOPE'S Cabinet Opened WHEREIN Gentlemen may be informed how to adorn themselves for FUNERALS FEASTINGS and other Heroick Meetings ALSO Here they may know their place and Worth with all the Degrees and Dâ—stinctions of Honour in the Realm shewing how every one ought to take place with the Titles due to them with other things of Antiquity very observeable By James Salter LONDON Printed by G. M. for Will. Crooke at the three Bibles on Fleet-Bridge 1665. To the Worshipful Thomas Clifford Esquire And to the Worshipful Henry Ford. Esquire Justices of the Peace for the County of Devon Honoured Sirs YE may not onely admire at my Confidence but smile at my Folly that dare recommend to your Protection and publish under your Name this my rude and unpollished Enchyridian I must ingeniously confess they are subjects too low for either of your high and learned Endowments which require an advancement by some acute Orator but knowing true Generosity accepteth what is zealously offered though not deservingly excellent I am the more encouraged to presume on your genarous dispositions hoping it may finde admittance from your worthy selves for as Cinthia's borrowed Beams do shine from Titans Glory so I am sensible this Book of mine will appear dark and may justly be rejected without the reflection of your propitious Countenances upon it Therefore good Sirs be pleased to own both it and your engaged Servant Having found you Amicos inter adversa I could do no other then publickly to own your Favours to my unworthy self the acknowledgement of your Loves to me is my thanks and to thank you for your Loves must be my best acknowledgement I can do no more I shall never do less and what I want in power is supplied in will Pardon my boldness if I have soared too high in this enterprize who is Your Servant to be commanded James Salter Books newly Printed for William Crooke at the three Bibles on Fleet-Bridge 1665. The History of St. George shewing his Miracles Atchievements and all other Actions during his Life with his Martyrdome c. By T. Lowick Gent. Never Printed before Sixty nine Enigmatical Characters all exactly drawn to the life very full of pleasure and delight By R. F. Esq There is newly cut the Pictures to the Old Testament never before cut in England The Royal Stem being a Relation to all the most principal Actions from William the Conquerour to the end of the Year 1664. With the Pictures of King Charles the Second all in a broad sheet of Paper CALIOPE'S Cabinet Opened The Kings Crown with its Twelve Stones therein IN the King of England Crown are these ensuing Precious Stones 1. Topazion it contains the colour of most Precious Stones and by which the King is warned to exercise all vertues 2. Smaragd or Emrdud so green as it exceedeth all Herbs It representeth Justice in the King 3. Sardique it is in colour like unto red Clay which is in the top of the Diadem for the King to consider though he is the highest yet he is but Clay 4. Cryselith it shineth like Gold sending as it were forth flames this exhorteth the King to shine in Wisdom and Prudence 5. Calcedon being strong and hard by nature sheweth that the King should be of Fortitude and Courage of mind in the Regiment of his people 6. Hiacinth It sheweth like water the Sun shining upon it it teacheth Temperance and Sobriety 7. Jasper it is like a dark or Grasse-green colour This teacheth the King to provide for the Diet and plenty of his people more then for his own 8. Crisopalle of the colour of Gold somewhat mixed with green the Gold admonisheth Wisdom the green warneth him to aspire Heavenly things 9. Berill green and pale this perswadeth Heavenly Contemplation and that he ought not to be Corpulent by Epicurism 10. A Saphire is of a light blew This instructeth the King to Continency 11. Amatist it is decked with Purple and Violet the Purple biddeth the King to difcharge his Regal Function the Violet to give a good Savour 12. Sardonax is black in the bottom red in the midst and white above and instructeth the King to Humbleness Charity and Sincerity His Ensigns 1. A Mound or Ball of Gold with a Cross on it sheweth to him that the Religion of Christ ought to be reverenced through all his Dominions 2. Scepter shews Justice 3. Sword denotes Vengeance 4. Ring noting Faithfulness 5. Bracelet which is for good Works 6. Purple Robe is for Reverence 7. Diadem which is for Triumph The Coronation of the King FIrst goes the Kings Messengers two and two Gentlemen two and two Trumpeerts on both sides Esquires of the Body Knights Bachelors Greater Chaplains Younger Sons of Noblemen Mdermen of London Clerks of the Counsel Secretaries to the King Master of the Rolls Knights of the Bath Counsellours to the King Knights Baronets and Bannorets Knights of the Garter no Barons Sons of Viscounts Younger Sons of Earls and Marquesses Barons Earls eldest Sons Viscounts Bishops Marquesses eldest Sons Dukes younger Sons Earls Dukes eldest Sons Marquesses Dukes Controuler of the House Treasurer of the House Almoner Secretary of State Lord Admiral Keeper of the Privy Seas Lord Great Master Lord Chancellour Two representing the Dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine Garter and the Lord Mayor with the Mace of his Majesty Serjeants at Arms and Heraulds on both sides The Constable of England the great Chamberlain and Marshall on each side of the King The King under a Canope born by six Knights The Master of the Horse leading a Rich Horse Nine Pages on Horseback with their Captain following Gentlemen Pentioners with their Partisans The Captain of the Guard with the Yeomen Servants of Noblemen and Gentlemen A Royal Feast the King Fresent FIrst at the Head of the Table the King himself sits 2. At the lower end of the same Table are placed Embassadours of divers Princes 3. Before him stand the Carver Sewer and Cupbearer with a great number of Gentlemen-waiters attending his Person the Ushers making place to strangers that come to behold his Person 4. At a side Table on the right hand near adjoyning to the King are placed the Lord Chancellour Chamberlain Steward Treasurer and Keeper of the Seal with Divers Honourable Persons 5. At another Table at the left hand are placed the Treasurer of the Houshold Secretaries the Kings Serjants at Law the Master of the Revels the King at Arms the Dean of the Chappel and divers Gentlemen Pentioners to furnish the same 6. At the other Table at the other side are set the Master of the Game and his chief Ranger Masters of the Houshold Clerks of the Green Cloath and Chequer with strangers to furnish the same 7. At another Table over against them is placed the Lieutenant of the Tower accompanied with divers Captains of foot 8. At the lower end of the Hall begins the high Butler and Panther Clerks of the Kitchin furnished throughout with the Kings
Guard At every course the Trumpets with other Musick are to sound Going to the Parliament in State FIrst the Messengers of the Court. Gentlemen of lesser note Esquires Esquires of the Body Clerks of the Chancery Clerks of the Signet Clerks of the Privy Seal Clerks of the Counsel Masters of the Chancery Knights Bachelours Knights Baronets and Bannorets Serjeants at Law The Kings Serjeants Two Heraulds Judges of the Exchequer Judges of both Benches Chief Justice of the Pleas and chief Baron Chief Justice of the Kings Bench and Master of the Roll. Younger Sons of Noblemen Treasurer of the Kings Chamber Knights of the Bath Eldest Sons of Noblemen Knights of the Privy Counsel Knights of the Garter Principal Secretary Treasurer and Comptroler of the House Two Heraulds Barons Two Heraulds Bishops The Bishop of Winchester Prelate of the Garter Bishop of London Durham and Lord Chancellour to the Archbishop of Canterbury go next before the Archbishop by Act of Parliament Viscounts Two Heraulds Earles Herauld King at Armes Marquesses Dukes Lord Chancelour Arch-Bishops Clarenceaux King at Arms. Two Serjeants at Arms. Garter with the chief Gentleman Usher at his right hand The Earle Marshal Great Chamberlain and Steward of the House The King in a Chair carried Four Esquires and Footmen in rich Coats Pentioners with Partisans ranked on each side Master of the Horse leading a spare Horse Vice-Chamberlain Who are to be admitted Gentlemen In Ecclesiastical Vicars Generals Guardians of Spirit Deans of Cathedrals Arch Deacons Chancellors Treasurers Chaunters Doctors Provosts Deans Governours of Colledges In Military The high Constable Lieutenant General Marshal Admiral Major General Quartermaster General Treasurer Guardians of Fronteers Grand Esquires Mr. of Artillery Collonels Serjeant Major Captain and all that receive Commission In Civil State The Chancelor President Treasurer Judges Justices Chief Officer of the Palace Royal. Secretary of State Mayors Provosts Bayliffs of incorporate Towns and Cities Of Doctors The Doctor of Divinity is to be preferred next the Knight The Doctor of Law next The Doctor of Physick next To these professions is admitted the bearing of armes but the Herauld ought to have a special care and regard in the designment Gentility obtained by learning is honorable Professions not Gentlemen 1. Viliny which is the Countreyman 2. Shop-keepers commonly named Merchants whose condition of life is ungentlle in regard of the doubleness of their tongue without which they cannot live 3. Craftsmen 4. Bondmen Seven more but Laudable 1. Agriculture 2. Cloathing 3. Architecture 4. Merchandizing beyond Sea 5. Armatura working of metal 6. Arsvenatoria the art of Hunting 7. Theatoria the Arts of Playes These seven are correspondent to seven Sciences which may be admitted Gentlemen and bear armes they are as followeth Seven Sciences Gentile with the Arms they may bear Doctor of Physick MAy bear Argent about a Laurel Tree a Serpent inwrapped The Orator May bear Azure on a chief gules three Roses Or The Mathematician May bear Azure a Globe Or Geometrician May bear Vert a Carpenters Square Argent Astronomer May bare Azure a Serpent biting his Tail Or Musician May have Vert a Grashopper Or Poet. May bear Azure a Swan proper Precedencies of Kings and Kingdoms GReat debates have been concerning the preheminance of Kings and Kingdoms How their Embassadors and Bishops were placed at the Council of Constance is as followeth 1. First was placed the German ranck to whom was united Bohemia Hungaria Polonia Dalmatia Gretia and Croatia 2. The French had place alone as a Nation absolute 3. Next was the English to whom was united Scotland Norway Denmark Sweeden and Cyprus 4. Then the Italians who had all the Kingdoms subject to Rome as Scicily Naples c. 5. Lastly the Spaniards who were there hardly allowed a Nation but in the end to be the fifth and last to whom were joyned Castilia Arragon Majorca Navarra Portugal and Granado Officers of State how to take place THose of the Crown are to precede and take place of all other Nobility that are not except of the Blood Royal. Of the Crown are Lord Chancelor Lord Treasurer Lord President of the privy Councel Lord Privy Seal These six are next If he be a Baron to sit above all Barons or an Earle above all Earls as 1. Lord great Chamberlain of England 2. Lord high Constable of England 3. Lord Marshal of England 4. Lord Admiral of England 5. Lord great Master or Steward of the Kings House 6. Lord Chamberlain of the Kings House The principal Secretary if a Baron above all Barons How Gentlemen of a Civil or Military State are to take place DUkes Marquesses Earles Viscounts and Barons are to take their places according to the antiquity of their Title and their Ancestors Creation and their Wives accordingly A Dukes eldest Son takes place as a Marquess but beneath him his Wife beneath a Marchioness if she be the Daughter and Heir of a Duke she shall go before all Dukes eldest Sons Wives but beneath a Marchioness The youngest Sons of Dukes are in equal degree with an Earle but to go beneath him So the eldest Sonne of a Marqness as an Earle and the younger as Viscounts their Ladies and Sisters to take place accordingly An Earles eldest Son takes place as a younger Viscount and a younger as a Baron their Wives and Sisters accordingly Viscounts eldest Sons as Barons and their youngest Sons to take place with Barons eldest Sons above all Knights Taking of place from a Slave to a Baron Rom. 12. v. 10. AS men here in England do and ought to precede and take place is as followeth Workmen and Labourers of no substance are to precede a Bondman Masons before Workmen Watermen and Ferrymen before Masons Fishermen before Watermen Marriners and Sea Souldiers before Fishermen Victuallers Retailers of wares and Chapmen before them Artificors occupied in Arts either necessary or pleasing before Victuallers c. Husbandmen whose endeavours are imployed about the fruits of the Earth before Artificers A Gentleman is to precede a Husbandman a Gentleman that has Title shall go before others as a Doctor being a Gentle man before others A Gentleman Graduate before a graduate tantum A Gentleman qualified with learning and vertue is before a Gentleman rich onely A Gentleman advanced for vertue shall be preferred before a Gentleman by Office An Esquire by Office is to precede a Gentleman An Esquire by creation to precede him An Esquire by Birth him A Knight Batchelor is to go before an Esquire A Baronet before a Knight A Knight Bannorer before him A Baron before him If a man of wealth as a Merchant c. purchase a Barony he ought not to have place amongst Barons A Father that hath a Son that beareth Office shall give place to his Son in publick meeting except in private Between two equals he that is in his own Jurisdiction shall precede A Citizen of a chief City is to take place of a Citizen of a meaner City in any
proclaimed by the King in matters of Religion or for the Kingdoms good which is the best A Gentleman In the Saxon language they were called Aedels which signifieth Elder or Chief but we have since from the French Borrowed the Roman word Gentilehome which imports men of Nations The word Gentiles was given to the Northern people during the Government of the Romans over them they then taking it to be a glory to them though otherwise meant by the Romans The priviledges that belongs to a Gentleman Read Sir Will. Seager For the Helmets that belongs to each degree of Gentlemen Look on Guillianus And for their Crowns See Carter Their degrees in England are divided viz. 1. An Esquire 2. A Knight 3. A Baron These three are esteemed noble besides there are five which are excellent to whom belongs Crowns and Coronets as 1. A Viscount 2. An Earle 3. A Marquess 4. A Duke 5. A Prince Our gracious King Charles the Second has allowed Crowns to Barons In Latine he is called Scutiger of these each Knight in times past had two to attend him in Wars and to bear his Helmet and Shield before him forasmuch as they did hold certain Lands of him in Scutage as the Knight did hold of the King by Military service This title came not in honorary amongst us till the Reign of Richard the Second though the Title as to the Office is far more ancient The ancient Saxon word is Scyldknappa which is a Shield Serviture Degrees of an Esquire 1. There is an Esquire by Birth as the eldest Son of a Knight and his eldest Sonne successively 2. By Creation to whom belongs the silver Spurs whence they are called white Spurs 3. By Office as Serjeants at Law Sheriffs c. But to them the Title dyes with them A Knight Batchelor The word Knight cometh from the Saxon word Cnight which signifieth puer or servus The French calls them Chaveleers the German Rutter both of riding or lusty young men Since the Conquest those that held Estates to serve on horse-back in the Wars are by the Lawyers stiled Milites Coming to be a reward and degree of Honour is thought to be in imitation of the Equestres Order in Rome The first using of Ceremonies at the creating a Knight was done by King Alfred Knighting his Grand-son Ethelston after it grew more precise and customary Knights Titles 1. Knight Bannoret 2. Knight Baronet A Knight Bannoret This was anciently an Order in France At his Creation he is led to the King or General with his Penon of Arms in his hand and there the Herauld declares his merit and the King or General causeth the point of his Penon to be rent off and he returns with Trumpet sounding Under the degree of a Knight Bannoret Supporters may not be born A Knight Barronet This Title was erected by King James for the propagation of a Plantation in Ulster in Ireland It is hereditary they are to take place before all Knights Batchelors or Knight of the Bath Their Augmentation is on a Canton Argent a Senister â—and couped gules A Baron This word is variously interpreted as from the word Baria which signifies grave authority or Baro which in Latine is the same with Vir which imports force The Danes were the first which brought in the use of this word The Saxons called the next to the King Thane as Thane of such a Castle Town c. A Viscount The word in Latine is Vice Comes which is interpreted from the Office of the person he is one to whom an Earle or his Lord committeth his Towns or Government of a Castle The title is derived from the same Order in France where they were onely substitutes to Earles till getting in power got also to have the power honorary and hereditary It is the same word which is for our Sheriff and began with us not till about the 18. of Henry the Sixth who then created John Lord Beamont Viscount by Letter Patent An Earle An Earle or Count is called Comes The reason for that denomination is uncertain The word Earle we had from the Danes from the word Earlick which signifieth honourable They were stiled Ealdermen till Cannius time the Dane Their Dignity and power heretofore was far more large then now Selden is of opinion they are in Latine called Comes of the society the King has with them A Marquess This word was first used to Earles and Barons that were Lord Marches or Lords of Fronteers and came afterwards into a Title of special Dignity above an Earle The title began in the time of Richard the Second The French and Germans prefer an Earle before a Marquess which is preposterous A Duke The word at first was a title of Office afterwards honorary and since hereditary The word comes à Ducendo from leading forch an Army Royal The Saxons called them Hertshog The first we finde in England was Edward the Black Prince A Prince In the Saxons time they were called Clitons from Klutos in Greek which is illustrious The first that was created in England was Edward the eldest Son of Henry the 3d. There are degrees of Nobility as of Nations and Cities For the Ceremonies at the Creating of the aforesaid Gentlemen read Sir William Seager and Fern. And for their priviledges read likewise Seager and Selden Ancient form of Government 'T Is upon good grounds concluded that the ancient Form of Government was viz. Under the King was substituted ten Dukes under one Arch-Bishop ten Bishops under one Duke ten Earles under an Earle ten Barons under a Baron ten Chatellanes or Constables unto whom was committed the keeping of some Castle or Fort under every Constable fifty men Significations of Charges and Devises in Coats A Helmet signifies Direction and Command A side-long Helmet denotes Attention and Obedience A Helmet full forward and open fac'd betokeneth Authority Direction and Command A Cross it was first bestowed on such as had performed or at least undertaken some service for Christ or Christian profession A Chief signifies a Senator or honourable Man A Pale denotes the first bearer to have deserved well by some Stratagem of Mining A Bend it signifies the bearer to have been one of the first which mounted upon the enemies wall Escutcheon 't is ancient bearing Burley in the time of Richard the Second bore an Eschutcheon A Cheveron it betokeneth to the bearer the atchieving of some business of moment or the finishing of some chargeable or memorable work Saltire befits rich and covetous people such as would not willingly go from their substance A Bar may be implied to him whose invention industry and labour has so fenced or forfeited the Camp City or Fort that the Enemies thereby receiveth a damage A Mascle In Armory it signifieth the Bearer thereof in a Field Gules to have been most prudent and politick in stratagems of War A Hart denotes a man wise and politick that foreseeth his time and stands to his own guard
licensed by his Letters Pattents the Herauld onely deviseth in which Device he ought to have these considerations to the party that is to have Arms and to give such Coats as suits with the parties qualifications viz. 1. He is to enquire whether he that shall bear them desires it and honours Gentility and will keep them from dishonour 2. Whether he be able to declare his pedegree 3. He much search for his pedigree and see whether in right he may bear and whether his Ancestors were Gentlemen and to give the same with augmentation which is a congruent difference 4. His condition whether clean of life just in promise whether cunning in all or any one of the liberal Sciences or in Divinity Philosophy c. 5. Of whom he had praise of good works done or of acts performed whether of men of wit or women 6. To whom he had done service either to King Prince c. And what service 7. How he had served whether in War or as an Embassador or as a Counsellor at Carpet There are likewise several things belongs to the Herauld as to be ready in his apparel at all Coronations to be expert in betrothing of Princes and not to disclose the secrets of Ladies There are many secrets in Herauldry which they ought not to disclose It is to be conceived that in Charges the bearer hath his own device and sometime Coats of Devices Coats of Armes were invented 1. To adorn and honour the Family 2. To shew him more worthy then others 3. To differ out the several Lines and Issues Heraulds of Armes were first instituted by Ascanius and renewed by King Numa they were called Feciales Sirnames agreeing with Charges in Coat Armor IT is objected that when Armes are born consonant to the name it doth note newness of Gentry or else that the Herauld knew no special desert in the person that he might thereof trick him something in Device to signifie so much and therefore the Signs are set down as agree most aptly with the name 'T is answered That of the like Coats there be many in this Land of notable antiquity it extendeth the glory of his name Hugh the first Earle of Chester was named De Loupe because he bore a Wolfes head in his Shield So of Lord Roch. Lucy and many others Sirnames ending in Fitz. were Normans They whose names end in Sone are either Saxons Picts or Scots originally Nine Precious Stones used in Blazoning for Nobility and their vertues 1 Topas which is for Yellow THis Stone swageth wrath sorrow and evil thoughts and helpeth the wearer thereof of Frenzy and sudden death 2. Pearle And is for Argent The Pearle hath vertue confortative and is restorative and is food to man Josephus reporteth that when Jerusalem was besieged by Titus the Jews lived long upon Pearle 3. Ruby For red 'T is a Stâ—â—e of Dignity and of the kinde of Carbuncles This stone neither fire wasteth nor changeth his colour This was one of the precious Stones that was set in the breast lap of Aaron 4. Saphire And is for Blue This Stone accords people in strife and abates extream heat of burning Feavers bound to the pulse it helpeth against melancholly and stayeth bleeding that cometh of anguish and is a remedy against venome and preserveth the sight 5. Diamond And is for black This Stone will not be daunted it warneth the wearer thereof to eschew venome it withstandeth Witchcraft and born on the left shoulder hath vertue against chiding and strife of enemies 6. Emraud And is for Green This stone comforteth the vital spirits it comforteth the sight whereby the heart receiveth joy also it represseth motions of lust and helpeth against illusions it increaseth riches and prevaileth in play likewise it ceaseth tempest and stencheth Blood 7. Amatist This Stone is an enemy to Drunkenness and giddy brains it causeth a man to have a good forecast and a quick minde removeth idle thoughts and increaseth good understanding 8. Jacinth It putteth away sorrow and increaseth mirth being bound next unto the skin of either man or woman putteth away pestilent aire and giveth strength to the members 9. Sardonax This stone putteth away Letchery and imbraceth chastity The price of Gold Pearle and Diamonds c.  l. s. d. Of Gold  BArbary Gold as Chickens c. The ounce is 3 12 0 The penny weight 0 3 7 The Kings Coin 3 6 8 The penny weight 0 3 4 French Crowns Flemish Crowns Spanish Pistolets and our own Coin is the same goodness  Spanish Silver Being Silver per ounce is worth per ounce 0 5 3 Saffron Gold which is a baser coine and little used in trading is worth the ounce 3 0 0 There is a little Coin about the bigness of a French Crown worth by the ounce but 2 0 0 Price of Pearl  One grain 0 0 6 Two Grains 0 1 0 Three Grains 0 2 0 Four Grains 0 4 0 Five Grains 0 6 0 Six Grains 0 8 0 Seven Grains 0 10 0 Eight Grains 0 12 0 For Two Caracks 2 0 0 Three Caracks 5 0 0 Four Caracks 7 0 0 Five Caracks 10 0 0 Six Caracks 20 0 0 Seven Caracks 40 0 0 Eight Caracks 50 0 0 'T is to be understood they must be fair and clear  For a Pearle of seven or eight grains if any of that bigness is worth 500 0 0 Price of Diamonds  If fair and clear without blemish one Grain is worth 1 10 0 Two Grains 3 0 0 Three Grains 6 0 0 Four Grains 10 0 0 Five Grains 15 0 0 Six Grains 20 0 0 Eight Grains 40 0 0 An Explanation of difficult Words used in Herauldry A. ARgent White Azure Blue Annulet A Ring of a Maile Coat B. Blazoning Expressing Bevile Broken or a Carpenters Square moving upon a Joynt Billet A piece of paper folded like a Letter Battone C. Cheveron A Barge couple Cost A Rib Canton A Corner Cheque Composition Crenelle Dented or notched Chaplet A Garland Componed Compounded Couped Cut off D. Dance Dented or notched more deep Delf A pit or den Displayed Wings abroad E. Eschucheon A Shield Erased Rended or torn Ean Water F. Fesse A Girdle Fillet That which women wear in making up their hair Flasque A Bow bent Files Plaits of Garments Flanch Flanck of a man Fussils Skins of yarn on slippers Forme Broad Fitchee Sharp to fasten Frinbrated Hemmed G. Gules Red Gerone The Lap or the space between the Thigh which we call Groine Gussets Belonging to shifts Gabonated Cut in morsels Gore Belonging to womens Smocks Gemmews Twins Gutte Drops H. Humet Guillianus calls it a Table Foswel a Coffin I. Invected Carried in Ingrailed Entred or gone in Indented Full of Teeth L. Lambeaux Plaits of a Garment Lâ—rmes Tears M Mascle A marsh of a net Mullet A Meotor or Star N. Nombrel The Navel Nowed Folded or knotted O. Or. Yellow Orle. A pillow Ogresses Pellets of Guns P. Purpure Much red and a little