to compose their differences and in the Inter regnum to settle their Government the Male Line of Thierry of Aquitane failing in Floris the fifth's son Iohn the Government fell to Iohn Earl of Henaut Nephew to William King of the Romans and Earl of Holland by Alix his Sister who now the 2 d Earl of Holland gave to his Brother Guy the Seigniories of Amsterdam upon which he conferred many Freedoms Rights and Priviledges with design to reduce Seignior Rhenez of Zealand to Reason with its assistance and this is the first time that Amsterdam gave Law to Zealand who presumed upon the Flemish and Imperial assistance so far as to overrun Holland till William the 22th Earl of Holland Iohn of Henault's son with the Lord of Humpstead's assistance reduced them and with 320 Ships of France confined Guy of Flanders to his own Bruges This good Earl William as they called him having married Charles de valois his Daughters Neece to Philip the Fair of France settled his Brother Iohn of Beaumont in Goud and Schoonborn and strengthened his Uncle Guy Bishop of Vtrech by a Fort he raised at Skellingwerf to bridle the unquiet Frizons adding to Holland the Seigniories of Amstel and Woerden while Charles the Fair of France was buâ—ie with the Flemish and the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria as busie with the Pope which he left to his son William the 23th Earl of Holland and Zealand who being allyed to Edward the 3d King of England troubled France and brought the troublesome West-Frizons 1345 to Reason and dying without lawful Issue returned his Government to his Sister Margaret then Empress and Wife to Lewis of â—avaria who being confirmed in the Earldom by her Husband in a full Diet solemnly taking the Earldoms Homage depute her son William under her Governour of Holland who being defeated by the Bishop of Vtrech and instigated by the Holland Faction of Cabillaux and Hoecks falls out with his Mother who her Husband being dead returned to the Government and after various successes in four Battels with her son gave it him upon condition he should reduce Vtrech and its Bishoprick which had troubled Holland with its pretensions for 260 years together as he did but dying childless left all to his Brother Albert of Bavaria who put the Towns and Castles in good hands reduced Delf and Gelders built Gildenburgh-Castle to secure the Sluices Weakned the Frizons reduced Vtrech defeated the Frizons again brought the Groeningeois to do Homage and Fealty Forced the rebellious Lord of Arleche to an accord married his 3d Daughter Margaret to Iohn Duke of Burgundy Earl of Flanders and Artois by whom she had Philip the good Duke of Burgundy Earl of Holland and Flanders and among many other children Joane Dutchess of Austria by whom came these Earldoms to the Emperour and the King of Spain After his death William af Bavaria his son and the 27th Earl of Holland and Zealand succeeded who was much troubled with the Lords of Arguel father and son and the Duke of Gelders to whom they had resigned their Interest until the Lord of Arguel being taken discovered all the Conspirators and particularly Count Egmond who thereupon yielded up his strong Fort Iselstein and retired till Jaqueline of Bavaria succeeded her father Albert the Factions called home Egmond contrived to displace Jaqueline and put in Iohn of Bavaria and Bishop of Leige in her place till the Pope dispensing with it she is married to Iohn Duke of Brabant by whose assistance she recovereth Gornchom of Count Egmond perswades the Hollanders and Zealanders to refuse Iohn of Bavaria and his pretended Grant from the Emperour insomuch that he was glad to come to termes with her Husband to hold some Lordships in Fee and quit all his Titles and Pretensions who after his death is declared Earl of Holland in right of his Wife in whose right he subdueth the old Faction of Cabillans and Hoeckins strengthneth Harlem takes Schoonhooen and brings the unhappy woman who had married now four times to declare Philip Duke of Burgundy Governour of Holland and after her death Earl which Earldom she resigned to him in her life time to ransom her 5th well-beloved Husband the Lord of Borselle from his hand Philip the first Duke of Burgundy and 20th Earl of Holland succeeding as right Heir by father and mother to the Government of Holland helped the Hollanders and Zealanders to chase the Easterlings now Lords at Sea in sign whereof they bear to this day a little Besom atop of their Main-mast to shew they had swept the Sea of all competitors 1431 and with much adoe composed the Tumults raised in Amsterdam Harlem and Leyden upon an intollerable imposition by the Faction of the Hooks and Cabellans whom at last he reconciled and awed by the institution of a first President the Earl of Nassau by promoting his Bastard David to the Bishoprick of Vtrech by suppressing the factious Family of Brederode By his League with the English and seasonable Resignation of his Government to his discontented son the Earl of Charolois during his sickness who subdued the Ligeois razed Dirvant succeeded his Father and Margaret Sister to Edward the 4th King of England in whose time printing was first invented at Harlem and as he had the name of warlike so he goes on bringing the tumultuous Ganthois to his mercy the mutinous Town of Macklyn to a Ransom the Leigeoix to a submission notwithstanding that it was the French Kings Embassadour that had incited them to rebel upon a promise of 30000 men at a mouths warning for which neighbourly part he was even with that King by assisting the Duke of Brittain against him and taking him Prisoner He resolves to ruine the House of Brederode to which purpose he brings many of them to the Rack He makes the sullen Frizons bring him white Paper wherein he should write his own termes He refuseth to answer King Lewis the 11th of France his Citation 1470 to Paris He brings that King to a Truce gets the Dukedom of Gelders resigned to him defies the Emperour Sigismond at Nevis and brought hâ—m to an advantageous Peace prospering in all his undertaking but that against the pitiful Swiâ—â—â— whose whole Countrey he said was not worth the Bits of his Bridle nor the spurs of his Army After which he was slain at Nantes leaving all his Dukedoms Earldoms and Lordships to his Daughter Mary who the King of France neglecting the marriage of the Dalphin to her was Contracted according to former Treaties in her Fathers life time to Maximilian of Austria the Emperour Frederick's Son by whom she had Phillip Arch-Duke of Austria who undertaking the Government in her Right after an Assembly held at Bruges reduced the revolted Gelders settled such Governours in Harlem Rotterdam Leyden and elswhere as might over-awe Egmond and the ancient Factions of Hoecks and Cabillaux subdued Vtrech and the trajectings as Guardian to his son Philip of Austria with whom he goeth
being chosen King of the Romans to Hungary 1411 leaving Engelbert Earl of Nassau 4th Governour of the Netherlands whom the Emperour assists in the settlement of the Government the Pope seconding his Temporal Power with his own Spiritual who being hired by the distractions between Holland and Flanders about the Sea resigned his Charge to Albert Duke of Saxony who with his Master Maximilian the K. of the Romans went into Holland settling the Towns as they passed making a Peace between them and the Flemins and punishing the Mutiniers at Harlem and Alâ—mar Ruining the Factions by their own fears and jealousies keeping under the Frizons and Gelders by a new Protestate sent thither by the Emperour Maximilian untill Philip the 2d Arch-Duke of Austria was by his Father Maximilian possessed of the Netherlands 1494 under whom the Duke of Saxony defeated the Factions of Friezland by pretended kindnesses whereby he set them one against the other while both delivered to him their strong Holds which he made so good use of that they appeal from him and his Son George to the Emperour who yet stood by his Governour who in return for his Masters kindness brought them of Friezland after some redress of grievances by their Commissioners to pay his Master the 21th penny of all their Estates putting 6 men to govern there while he reduced the Groningois notwithstanding the Protection of the Earl of Embden and the followers of Col. Vyll about which time a child spake in Holland in the Mothers belly and Philip of Austria being now King of Castile dyed and left Charles the 2d of that name the 35th Earl of Holland and Zealand Lord of Friezland Duke of Burgundy and Lemburgh Luxemburgh Shiia Corinthia Earl of Flanders Artois with many other Marquisates and Principalities to which he added Millain Overyssel Gruningen Cambray and Cambresis his Grandfather Maximilian the Emperour being his Guardian and his Aunt Margaret Dowager of Savoy his Governess under whom Ann of Burgundy that had recovered and walled in many lost Islands in Zealand dying Budwyen was taken and razed the Geldrois Groeningois with the Earl of Embden are conquered Prince Charles taking the Netherlands into his own hands from the Dutchess of Savoy and the Duke of Saxony by the assistance of the Lord of Iselsteen under whom he constituted 7 Governours of Justice in Friezland when he went to Spain for that Crown upon Ferdinand of Arragon his Grandfather by his Mother side death and to Germany for that Empire upon his Grandfather Maximilianâ—s decease settling Margaret of Austria Widow of Castile and Dowager of Savoy the 37th Governess of the Low Countries whose Hâ—rring-busses being seized by the Danes they mutiny seize Newport distract Friezland pretend Religion and fly to the Duke of Gelders until the Imperial Forces came down and awed them insomuch that Groningen yeelds to the Emperour as did Dam Weddra Coeuoelden Huttem Megen Vtrecht and most other places the Gelders being not able to hold out against the Power of Spain and Germany Upon the Dowager of Savoy's death Mary Dowager of Hungary and Sister to Charles the 5th is the 40th Governess of the Low-Countries under whom the new Chanel was made between Brussels and Antwerp the Anabaptists were discovered and banished the War betwixt the Lubeckers and the Hollanders was managed by Vander-burch van Comper and the new Haven at Middleburgh was begun 1536 and the notable surprize upon the French ships was acted in this manner There being a War between the Hollanders and the French some French ships rid along their shore snapping up their Vessels and themselves somtimes in bed whereupon 50 tall Dutchmen well Armed hearing of these ships went in a Hoy lying under Hatches and covered with Sacks of Wool out of the Mase towards them who boarded it but when they were busie about the Sacks of Wooll they were entertained so rudely by those 50 men with Fire-works and Granadoes that they all fled and left 6 ships Prizes to one Hoy to be carried to Delph and sold Now likewise the Emperour brought the Geldrois to a muteny that dismantled their Towns razed their Forts and laid the Faction open to their Soveraigns Power who spoiled the Abetters Abeâ—ters of their Conspiracies the French at Sea and brought this unquiet People that rebelled every year for 527 years together to so good a temper that they presented him at Genoa with 15000 Florens of Gold a Province and quietly submitted to the Resignation he made of those Provinces to his Son at Brussels who now by the name of Philip the 2d of Spain and Lord of Austria by Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy his Viceroy demanded of the Netherlands Supplies for the payment of his Fathers debts who would allow him none unless forsooth he allowed a Convocation of their general States and then but a moyety neither of what he demanded and was necessary for his settlement And not onely so but notwithstanding that he honoured their chief Nobility as the Lord Horn William of Nassau the Earl of Egmont with the order of the Golden Fleece at Brussels they created such fears and jealousies between the King and the Noblemen that it was reported who were upon the refusal of the Tax designed for the Block who for the Rack and who for perpetual Imprisonment insomuch as that there was a perpetual Feud between the Court and the Nobility till the Government was dissolved all things being represented to the worst especially the Earls of Egmont and Lornes carriage at the Truce between France and Spain at Bruges and at the Treaty between the same two Crowns at Cambray Their King was yet so intent upon obliging them that he appointed them a Council of State for matters of importance as Peace War and Treaties with forreign Princes A Privy-Council for Lawes Pardons Justice c. and a third Council for the Treasury of which Councils they themselves were the major part their most eminent Nobility being advanced as the Earl of Egmoâ—â— Governour of Flanders and Artois The Prince of Orange Governour of Holland Zealand Vtrech and afterwards of Burgundy Jo. de ligni Earl of Arenbergh Governour of Friezland Overyssel Groning and Leagen Charles de Bunen Governour of Gelderland and Zuphten the Mâ—â—morencies and Hornes of their respective Provinces all subject to Margaret of Austria Dutchess of Parma and Sister to the King of Spain when the very first instance of the ungrateful mens Power is a Petition to their Soveraign a Spaniard himself to remove all Spaniards from the Netherlands A Petition the good King easily granted though to the displeasure of many of his Courtiers that had quitted their whole fortunes for employments there diverting his very Army which should have kept them in better obedience to his War in Barbary And when they had prevailed in that they give out that the Spanish Courtiers would be revenged of them and that the chief Nobility of the Netherlands the Subscribers to that Petition were designed
to ruine a Counseâ—lor of Spain it should seem a Pensioner of Holland coming in great hast to the Earl of Egmont thâ— Lord Horn and others at Chest in Gaunt with news that all those that consented to the Petition for the removal of the Spaniard the great Patron of the peoples Liberty should be put to Death when yet his Majesty parted from them friendly 26 Aug. 1357. recommending to them the maintenance of Religion that general stay of Government the finishing of the new River from Antwerp to Brussels for the conveniency of Trade the erection of Doway University for the propagation of Orthodox Learning and the impression of the Complutensian Bible for the â—dvancement of Religion four excellent Designes but so far envyed by these undutiful people that they suspected the last as a Plot as if the Printing of the Bible were a stratagem against Religion and cryed out against the third as a breach of their Liberties CHAP. II. The Revolt of the Hollanders from their natural Allegiance 1564 and the management of that Revolt till they became a Free State FOr you must know that about this time these good People weary of their ancient Government began to search for their old Charters Priviledges Bulls of favour Customs of which they pretended one was That no Popish Seminaries such as Doway was should be built upon their Frontiers another That they should suffer no violence forsooth their Kings must wear a Sword in vain a third That no persons should be admitted to Office unless he swore to be faithful to the Prince and people and a fourth That they might meet and act without their King but he could do nothing without them and that if he presumed to do any thing otherwise they were discharged of their Alleigance These and other Moth-eaten Liberties belonging to the Dutchy of â—rabant if to any at all since the Contract with Maximilian May 16. An. 1488 together with the jealousies about Religion and the murmurings about the tenth Peny when their King was onely intent upon the settling of their Government by that Tax and the prevention of Anabaptistical outrages such as that in Munster by his Proclamation against turbulent Innovaters were alledged first against the Inquisition which yet Mary Dowager of Hungary lately regent graciously suspended upon their Petition at Antwerp That she should not spoil their Trade by her overmuch zeal for Religion And now they had got that surmize of the Inquisition into the multitudes heads every thing the King did was termed the introducing it for his Majesty no sooner observing that the four Bishops of Cambrey Arras Tournay and Vtrecht were unable to oversee effectually the 17 large Provinces of Belgium set up 14 new Bishops by the Pope Paul the Fourth's Order and Cardinal Granvill's solicitations than they declaim against them as so many new Inquisitors and their respective Prebends as so many assistants in Persecutions insomuch that the Earl of Egmont their Admiral finds out another Charter wherein it was declared That the Ecclesiastical estate could not be enlarged without their consent and dispatcheth some Burgemasters with complaints against dead Trade and new Bishops to Spain where observing the Kings resolution to assert his Government against these popular surmizes they remonstrate that his Majesty did ill to act without the concurrence of the Lords the States and at their return home raised such Tumults and discontents as might give opportunity to the Lords to meet an opportunity they imbraced wherein they unanimously agreed to a manifesto of the state of the Countrey to be delivered to Margaret Dutchess of Parma their Governess containing first That the King was misled by ill Councellors Secondly That Cardinal Granvill the principal Person the King relyed on should be removed as their Declarations sent by Montigni and others Aug. 16. 1562. March 11. 1563. into Spain out of their Assemblies which the Tumults made necessary for the good Governess to call too frequently out of which some Lords to palliate their Ambition desired to be dismist to which his Majesty returns gracious Answers whereat they pretended dutiful submission while they made their combination effectual which they had no sooner done than they tyre the Governess with her Assistant the Cardinal with their debates and divisions in all Meetings that he retyres to Spain and they raise Tumults at Harlem stop the Courts of Justice at Antwerp make a breach with England 1564 that made to the great prejudice of their poor people who improved the Commotions for a whole year together In a word such was the apprehensions and fears that were wrought in the people that Groningen Leeur-warden Duenter and Ruremond do violence to their Bishops and Clergy Ourwexgen Abbey is robbed all the Clergies Power and Jurisdiction is questioned matters are aggravated on both sides to dangerous debates notwithstanding the gracious Answer his Majesty vouchsafed Count Egmont Count Horne the Lord of Brederode and others upon their respective addresses to the Court of Spain in behalf of that unquiet people Whereupon his Majesty thought good to settle Religion as he did by his own and the Dutchess of Parmaes Letters which the Grandees opposed with the bare consideration of the present Commotions though all the World knew they were the Authors of those Commotions as appeared upon the very first publication of the Kings Letters touching the Council of Trent when there were Libels the fore-runners of Sedition contrived by a great Lord containing Complaints and Exhortations in the name of the people to the Noblemen about their Priviledge and the Kings breach of promise scattered up and down in three or four streets of Antwerp wherein amongst other things they directed the Grandees to cite the King to the Imperial Chamber about breach of Promise and the infringement of their Liberties This bold Libel and other false reports of which this one to incense and injealous the Nobility was most malicious viz. That the King of Spain should say that it was but folly to busie themselves with Frogs they must first fish for the great Salmos meaning Horne and Egmont brought the Netherlanders to an expostulation with their Soveraign why he should decree any thing concerning them without their consent And a popular Tumult against these four Points The Inquisition The new Bishops The entertainment of the Council of Trent and The decay of Trade Insomuch that most of the chief Noblemen the Prince of Orange the Marquess of Bergen the Earles of Egmont Horne Hockstrate the Lord of Brederode met with the Male-content Princes of France and Germany under the pretence of an entertainment at Breda and Hockstrate where they heightned one anothers animosities to that degree of discontent as produced a private League among themselves and a Publick Manifesto of the state of the Provinces by Francis Baldwyn an Outlawed but cunning Person they sent for and consulted out of France wherein among other matters it was expressed 1. That the Mind could not be forced