Regalia the Lion Herauld with some Heraulds and Pursevants riding before the Honours last of all when the King is present in person rides the Lord Chancellour bearing the Great Seal but this is not done before a Commissioner After these rides the King or His Commissioner with the High Constable who is by Inheritance the Earl of Arroll on his right hand with a white Batton on his hand and the great Marischal who is also by Inheritance the Earl Marischal on his left hand with a silver Batton in his hand If the King be present in person the Marquesses and Dukes ride after the Earls but if His Commissioner onely be there they follow him at some distance At the outward Gate of the Parliament-house they all alight off their horses and the Earl Marischal receives and conducts the King to the inner Gate where he is received by the High Constable and led into the House where the Parliament is held The Throne is raised six steps high with a State over it and there the King or the Commissioner in His absence sits And in the first step under him on a Bench sits the Lord Chancellour with other Officers of State on both hands of him In the next step under these sit the Lords of Session or Judges On the right hand of the Throne is the Bishops Bench that rises up three steps and rows of Benches On the highest the two Archbishops sit and in the lower steps sit the Bishops according to the dignity of their Sees On the left hand of the Throne there is another great Bench of three steps and rows of Benches on which sit the Nobility according to their precedency In the middle of the Floor there are two Tables on the one of them the Regalia are laid and in two great Chairs by them sit the Constable and the Marischal at the other Table sits the Lord Clerk of Registers with his Deputy-Clerks who are the Clerks of the Parliament There are also Fourms placed on the floor those on the right side are for the Commissioners of the Shires and those on the left hand are for the Commissioners of the Burroughs When all are placed the Parliament is fenced as the phrase is in the King's Name Then the King speaks to them if He be present sitting in His Robes with the Crown on His Head all standing up bare-headed but when a Commissioner represents Him he is in an ordinary Sute and stands and speaks also bare-headed nor is the Commissioner covered but when there is pleading at the Bar but continues bare-headed as all the Members are and tells them the reason for which they are called together which is enlarged upon by the Lord Chancellour Then they goe about the chusing of the Lords of the Articles who are Eight for every State who have been chosen in different ways Sometimes the Bishops did chuse the eight Lords of the Nobility and the Nobility eight for the Bishops at other times the Bishops did chuse their own eight and the Nobility their eight but now it is settled by an Act of Parliament that the King or His Commissioner names eight of the Bishops the Lords chuse eight for themselves and those sixteen do chuse eight Commissioners for the Shires and as many Commissioners for the Burroughs These Thirty two are the Committee of Parliament to prepare Matters When a Bill is drawn by them it is brought into the Parliament And anciently all these Bills were brought in the last day of Parliament on which the Members ride in the same State as they do the first day and the Bills being read they were put to the Vote of Parliament and either were approved or not and then being approved were presented to the King who by touching them with the Sceptre gave His Assent to them which also is done by His Commissioner in His absence if he refused to touch them they were of no force But of late times matters have been at full length and freely debated in Parliament They sit all in one House and every one answers distinctly to his Name and gives his Vote which is in these Terms I approve or not onely those who are not satisfied one way or another say Non liquet which is a great ease to those who are consciencious and a common refuge to the cunning Politician the major Vote carries it No Dissents or Protests are allowed in publick Acts but are accounted treasonable but in private Acts that relate to mens Properties and Rights any one may protest for his Interest After all business is ended the King or His Commissioner makes a Speech to them and dissolves them A Convention of Estates is made up of the same Members that constitute a Parliament but can make no Laws onely that can lay Impositions on the Subjects they do not sit in state and have been most used before the Kings were Crowned The Lord Chancellour is President in both these Courts and the Votes are taken and numbered by the Clerk of Registers And whatever Acts are passed in Parliament or Convention are to be proclaimed soon after their Dissolution at the publick Mercat-Cross of Edinburgh by the Lion Herauld who is at present Sir Charles Erskin of Cambo with a great deal of state and Ceremony after which they are obligatory on the Subjects And so much for the Parlaiment and the Three Estates whose Authority is supreme and it is Enacted that none of the Lieges shall presume to impugn the Dignity and Authority of the Three Estates or to seek or procure the Innovation or Diminution of the Power and Authority of the same Three Estates or any of them in time coming under the pain of Treason The Government of the Kingdom being wholly in the Crown the King administers it by His Officers of State and Privy Council The Officers of State are Eight The First is the Lord Chancellour who is Keeper of the Great Seal and President in all Courts where-ever he is except in the Exchequer This Office is now in the person of the Right Honourable John Leslie Earl of Rothes The Second Officer is the Lord High Treasurer who governs the Revenue and presides in the Exchequer This Office is now in Commission The Third Officer is the Lord Privie Seal who is at present the Marquess of Athol These three take place of all the Nobility The Fourth Officer is the Lord Secretary who keeps the Signet and is a Lord by his Office and takes place of all of his rank The Office of Secretary is executed by his Grace the Duke of Lauderdail The Fifth Officer is the Lord Clerk of Registers who has the charge of all the publick Records Rolls and Registers and names all the Clerks of Parliament and Session and the Keepers of publick Registers The Sixth Officer is the King's Advocate who is also called the Lord Advocate He is commonly a Judge except in Causes in which the King is concerned and in those he pleads in the
King's Name The present Advocate is Sir John Nubet of Dirlton The Seventh Officer is the Lord Treasurer Deputy who is assistent to the Lord High Treasurer and is a Check upon him and presides in the Exchequer in his absence This Office is executed by Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton The Eighth Officer is the Lord Justice Clerk who assists the Lord Justice general in Criminal causes The present Justice Clerk is Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie All these have the Title of Lord and the precedency of all under Noblemen and their eldest Sons The Privy Council is chiefly employed about publick Affairs and judges of Riots and any Disturbance given to the Peace of the Kingdom Anciently the Lords of the Session were the King's Council and so are still called the Lords of Council and Session but the Power of the Privy Council has been most raised since King James got the Crown of England that by reason of the King 's necessary absence from Scotland the King hath lodged much of His Power with the Privy Council Lawyers do plead the causes of Riots before them and when Sentence is given every Privy Councellour gives his Vote and the major Vote carries it Lords of His Majestie 's Privy Council John Earl of Rothes Chancellour of the Kingdom Lord President of the Privy Council James Lord Archbishop of Saint Andrews his Grace John Duke of Lauderdail his Grace Alexander Lord Archbishop of Glasgow his Grace William Marquess of Douglas John Marquess of Athol Archbald Earl of Argile John Earl of Errol George Earl Marischal William Earl of Morton Alexander Earl of Murray Charles Earl of Mar. Earl of Linlithgow John Earl of Wigton Patrick Earl of Kinghorn Alexander Earl of Kelley David Earl of Weemis James Earl of Airley William Earl of Dundonald George Lord Ross Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton Sir James Dalrymple of Stair Sir John Nisbet of Dirleton Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie Sir James Fowlis of Collington Sir William Sharp of Stainibill Sir William Scot of Ardross Sir George Kinnaird of Rossie Sir John Wachop of Nidrie Sir Gerge Monro of Culkairn Lieutenant General Thomas Dalyell The Supreme Court of Judicature about the Property of the Subject is called the Colledge of Justice or the Session which was anciently an ambulatory Court but was settled as it now is by King James the Fifth Anno Christi 1532. to consist of fourteen who are called Senatours of the Colledge of Justice or Lords of Councill and Session and a President to whom are added the Lord Chancellour and four extraordinary Lords who are of the chief Nobility The extraordinary Lords have no Salary and are not obliged to attendance but when they come they have a Vote This Court sits from the first of June till the last of July and from the first of November till Christmas-Eve and from the first of January till the last of February they sit from 9 a clock in the Morning till 12 all the days of the Week except Sunday and Monday There is an Outer House and an Inner In the Outer there is a Bench where one of the Senatours sits a Week and all of them except the President have their turns in it who hears all Causes originally and where the Case is clear he gives Sentence But if it be difficult or if either party desires it he reports it to the rest of the Senatours who either send out their Answer by him or if it be very intricate and the parties or either of them desire it do appoint it to be heard before themselves This is a Court of great dispatch But besides the Judge on the Bench there is a Side-Bar to which one of the Judges comes out weekly by turns as in the former and receives and answers all Petitions and Bills The Inner House where all the rest of the Senatours sit is a Court of great State and Order The Senatours sit in a semicircle in Robes under them sit their Clerks who write the most material heads of all that is pleaded at the Bar where the Pleadings are long and very learned When the Senatours have after all the parties are removed reconsidered their Arguments they give their Sentence and the major Vote carries it Their final Sentence determines the business there lying no Appeal from them onely the Parliament as the Supreme Court may review and repeal their Sentence and they are called Decreets from the Latin Decreta Senatours of the Colledge of Justice Sir James Dalrymple of Stair President Sir John Nubet of Dirleton Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton Sir James Fowlis of Collington Sir Robert Nairn of Strathurd Sir David Nevoy of Nevoy Sir Peter Wederburn of Gosfurd Sir John Baird of Newbyth Sir John Lockart of Castlehill Sir Richard Maitland of Pitrichie Sir David Balfour of Forret Sir Thomas Murray Sir James Fowlis of Sir David Falconar of Newton The Law of Scotland is made up of the Municipal and Civil Laws The Municipal consists either of Acts of Parliaments or of the Customes and Practicks of the Colledge of Justice which are held of no less force then Acts of Parliament and where neither of these contradicts the Civil Law the Roman Law is of force This makes our Lawyers generally great Civilians for they goe either to Leiden Poictiers or Bourges and study the Civil Law in which some are learned to a high degree The Law of Scotland is easie and regular by reason of our Registers which are so full that Titles are much more easily cleared here then can be done where those Registers are not which may appear from the following Instances No man can have a Right to any Estate but by his being seised of it which is done by the delivery of Earth and Stone upon which an Instrument is formed called a Sasine and this must be registred within 60 days otherwise it is of no force by which means all secret Conveyances are cut off for if no Sasine be passed upon them or if these be not put in the publick Registers which every one may search the Conveyance is of no force All Bonds have a Clause in them for inserting them in the publick Registers and they being registred without any farther action by a charge of six days the Debitor must make payment otherwise Writs called Letters of Horning Caption and Poynding are given out by the first of which the party is under Outlawry and Rebellion and forfeits to the King his personal Estate and if he continues a year under it the Life-rent of his real Estate in which the Creditor is to be preferred for his interest the rest goes into the Exchequer By the Letters of Caption the party is seised on and put in prison nor is his House a place of security but may be searched for him By the Letters of Poynding the Debitor's Goods may be distrained where-ever they can be found A third Instance to which I shall adde no more is that any
Scotish History and High Commissioners With A compleat Catalogue of all the Arch-bishops and Bishops AN APPENDIX TO THE HISTORY OF THE Church of Scotland CHAP. I. Containing the Succession of the BISHOPS in their several SEES from the Reformation of Religion to the year 1676. Archbishops of SAINT ANDREWS AFTER that Cardinal David Beaton was murthered in his Castle of Saint Andrews by Normand Leslie and his Complices James Hamilton Duke of Chattelrault Governour of the Realm did nominate his base Brother John Hamilton Abbot of Pasley to the place who thereupon was elected by the Canons and soon after confirmed by Pope Paul the Third who fearing that Scotland would follow the example of England in casting off the Yoak of the Roman See was glad to gratifie the Governour in that particular About this time the Estimation of the Clergy began to decrease because of their corrupt Lives and gross Ignorance which induced divers of that number to relinquish their Order and to make open profession of the Truth multitudes also of Monks and Friers leaving their Cloisters began to exhort the people to renounce the Romish Fopperies and Superstitions and to submit to the Doctrine of Christ every-where crying out against the Corruptions of the Church The Prelates in stead of composing matters calmly took the contrary course exercising great Severity against them and cruelly burning such of the New Religion as they termed it as fell into their hands those who fled they prosecuted with the highest Censures of the Church Burning them in Effigie and Cursing them by Book Bell and Candle But all this Cruelty served to no purpose for the death of Walter Mill who was the last Martyr that suffered for Religion was the very bane of Popery in Scotland mens minds being now wholly alienated from the Clergy and their Consciences convinced that the Doctrine of Jesus Christ did neither allow such cruel Principles nor countenance such bloudy Practices To return then to Archbishop John Hamilton who was attainted of Treason under the Government of the Earl of Murray He lurked a while amongst his Friends in the West of Scotland but finding little security there he betook himself to the strong Castle of Dumbarton whereof the Lord Fleming was then Governour But this Fort beâ—ng negligently kept was afterwards surprised by three Companies of Foot sent thither by the Earl of Lennox then Regent commanded by three Captains Ramsay Crawford and Hume who seising upon the Prisoners sent them to sundry places and the Archbishop with a strong Guard to Striveling where he was publickly hanged on a Gibbet erected for that purpose 1570. He was the onely Bishop that suffered by form of Justice in this Kingdom At this time the Rents of this Bishoprick were by the Regent conferred upon the Earl of Morton for some years as a recompence of his great charges in his Embassy to England That Earl that he might enjoy them legally made choice of John Douglas Provost of the New Colledge of Saint Andrews before a Carmelite Frier and Chaplain to the Earl of Argile to be Titular Bishop who was with much opposition of the Presbytery for at that time there was no Chapter admitted and installed 1572. This Bishop sate little above two years and died at Saint Andrews 1575. After his death the Earl of Morton then Regent did prefer Patrick Adamson his Chaplain to the Bishoprick of Saint Andrews This Bishop was sorely vexed by those of the Kirk-party who prosecuted him with the highest Censures of their Church and excommunicated him very informally for not submitting to their Judicatory but the business was afterwards compounded and the Bishop relaxed He was a man of great Learning but an ill Administratour of the Churche's Patrimony He sate fifteen years and died at Saint Andrews 1591. Hereupon the See continued void and the Profits thereof were by King James the Sixth bestowed on the Duke of Lennox till the Parliament 1606. wherein the Temporalties of Bishopricks in former times annexed to the Crown were restored the want of which had rendered the Bishops of unserviceable both to Church and State About this time George Gladstanes Bishop of Cathnes was translated to Saint Andrews a man of ready utterance and of great invention but of an easie nature as appears by his being induced so easily to lease out his Benefice for so many Ages to come to the great detriment of his Successours But in this he was not singular for the rest of the Clergy both Papists and Protestants did let Leases of their Benefices to their Friends and others for Hundreds of years and that for a pitifull pittance Which Extravagancy was afterwards restrained by the wisedom of King James when he was of age for he enacted That Bishops should let Leases for nineteen years Rectours c. for their Life-time and three years and other Beneficed persons for their Life-time and three years with consent of their Patrons Bishop Gladstanes governed the See ten years and dying at Saint Andrews 1615. was interred in the South-East Isle of the Parish-Church Upon his death John Spotiswood Archbishop of Glasgow was translated to Saint Andrews who procured to this See whose Rents were almost wholly alienated by his Predecessours the Revenues of the Priory of Saint Andrews then in Lay-hands as also the restauration of three hundred pounds of English money per Annum of a long time swallowed up in the Crown-rents The Office of the Chancellary in the State conferr'd upon him by that Glorious Martyr King CHARLES the First he discharged to the satisfaction of his Royal Master and the Churche's advantage He was a person of rare Endowments and in all things compleatly qualified for his imployment Yet did he not escape the hard measure which other Loyal Subjects afterward tasted of for by the Covenanters he was forced to retire into England where he met with entertainment more suitable to his worth He ended his days in a good old age and was honourably interred in Westminster-Abby Anno 1639. after he had governed the See twenty four years About this time our long Peace and the Plenty which did accompany it made us wanton our Prosperity puft us up with Pride we were Enemies to our own welfare weary of our present estate too much desirous of Revolutions and greedy of Novelties Our private Discontents begat Jealousies and Animosities which since they could be no longer smothered must needs burst out into a flame We were afraid of we knew not what nothing but the Preservation of Religion must be the Pretext and the Cloak to cover the Knavery which was afterwards acted and notwithstanding the Satisfaction given unto us by the Best of Kings in laying aside the Book of Common-Prayer Book of Canons and High Commission yet still we continued dissatisfied All the Favours conferr'd upon us by the Best of Princes could not ingage us to continue in our Duty and Allegeance to Him All the good fruit we brought forth
Orkney and Schetland  The Constabularie of Hadington containeth East Lothian and Lauderdail Duke of Lauderdail STEWARTRIES STEWARDS Strath-Jern Earl of Perth Menteith Earl of Menteith Annandail Earl of Annandail Kirkubright containeth the East part of Galloway Earl of Nithisdail BAILIARIES BAILIFFS Kile  Carrict Earl of Cassils Cunninghame Earl of Eglington Besides these every man that holds a Barony of the King has a Baron-Court in which lesser matters are also judged and they may Fine and Distrain Anciently these Baron-Courts might judge of Life and death but that is now out of use For all the other particulars that relate to the Regalities Superiorities and other things of the Law of Scotland such as are curious may find full satisfaction in that most learned Work of Craigs de Jure Fendali written in Latin and Printed at Edinburgh in Folio The Military Government in Scotland of every County is not lodged in one person but the Regiments of Foot are commanded by Colonels and the Troups of Horse by Captains named by the King without any dependence upon one Lord Lieutenant nor are there Deputy-Lieutenants but the Lieutenant-Colonels and other Officers are named by the King as is usual in an Army The Court of Admiralty sits in Leith the chief Sea-port of this Kingdom but has not much business except in times of War to judge of Prizes The present High Admiral is His Royal Highness James Duke of York The Burroughs of Scotland are of three sorts either Royal Burghs Burghs of Regality or Burghs of Barony The former have Commissioners in Parliament and besides are a State apart for they meet yearly in a Convention called the Convention of Burroughs to which a Commissioner comes from every one of them There they make Laws for themselves about Trade and other things relating to their Corporations They hold these Meetings in a Circuit around the chief or as they call them the Head Burghs and at the end of one Convention they name the time and place for the next In these Burghs there is a Provost who has the chief Power and there are four Bailiffs that are next to him in the Government there is also a Dean of Gild who is the chief Judge among the Merchants likewise a Treasurer and a Common Council the one half of which is chosen yearly by the Merchants the other half by the Tradesmen who have likewise a Court of their own in which there is one from every Trade who is called the Deacon of the Trade and a Deacon Conveener who is their President and calls a Meeting of them when he pleases Those Deacons are chosen yearly by all the Freemen of their Trade and have a little Jurisdiction over them There are in most Burghs great Animosities and Factions between the Merchants and Tradesmen The Burghs of Regality are the Towns where these Lords hold their Courts The chief Magistrates are named by the Lord the rest they chuse themselves They have also great Freedoms little inferiour to the Royal Burghs onely they have no Commissioners in Parliament The Burghs of Barony are Mercat-Towns where the Lord of the Barony names some of their Magistrates and the Corporation chuses the rest In all these Burghs the Magistracy is no matter of burthen nor charge but of Power and Advantage from whence arise great Factions almost in them all A Catalogue of the Free CORPORATIONS or Royal BVRGHS in SCOTLAND Edinburgh in Lothian Linlithgow in Lothian Hadington in Lothian North-Berwick in Lothian Dumbar in Lothian Saint Andrews in Fife Cowper in Fipe. Dunfermlin in Fipe. Kirkaldy in Fipe. Craill in Fipe. Anstruther in Fipe. Pittenweem in Fipe. Dysert in Fipe. Earles-ferry in Fipe. Kinghorn in Fipe. Burnt-Island in Fipe. Culross in Fipe. Clackmannan in Fipe. Queens-ferry in Fipe. Dundee in Augus Montross in Augus Forfar in Augus Brichen in Augus Arbroath in Augus Kirkubright in Galloway Wigton in Galloway Whithorn in Galloway Stranraver in Galloway Glasgow in Clidisdail Lanerick in Clidisdail Elgin in Murray Nairn in Murray Forres in Murray Ranfrew in Ranfrewshire Pasley in Ranfrewshire Ruglen in Ranfrewshire Aberdene in Mar. Kintor in Mar. Bamff in Boyn Cullen in Boyn Innerness in Ross Tayne in Ross Air in Kyle Irwing in Cunninghame Rothsay in Bute Dumbarton in Lennox Innerara in Argile Jedburgh in Teviotdail Peeblis in Tweeddail Selkirk in Forrestshire Striveling upon Forth Dumblane in Menteith Innerkeithing in Fife Dornoch in Sutherland Annand in Annandail Dumfreis in Nithisdail Sanqbuar in Nithisdail Bervie in Mernis Innerowrie in Gareoch The People of Scotland are naturally candid and honest stout and resolute which makes them so much valued beyond the Seas the onely School of War to them since the happy Conjunction of this Island under one King They naturally love their King The Nobility have great Power chiefly in the High-lands where their Families commonly called Clannes depend absolutely upon the head of the Name whom they commonly call their Chief But the great Power of the Nobility of late years is much abated yet they are still very considerable The Property of the Subject is fully secured by Law and though the King has great Prerogatives yet the People have also great Liberties and Freedoms The COMMISSIONERS that have represented our KINGS since K. JAMES was settled on the Throne of England were as follows KING JAMES the VI. John Grabame Earl of Montross Commissioner 1604. George Hume Earl of Dumbar Commissioner 1606. George Keith Earl Marischal Commissioner 1609. Alexander Seaton Earl of Dunfermlin Commissioner 1612. James Hamilton Marquess of Hamilton Commissioner 1621. Anno 1625. KING CHARLES the I. Crowned Anno 1633. James Hamilton Marquess of Hamilton Commissioner 1638. John Stewart Earl of Traquair Commissioner 1639. James Grahame Marquess of Montross Governour 1644. Anno 1649. KING CHARLES the II. Crowned Anno 1651. John Middleton Earl of Middleton Commissioner 1660. John Leslie Earl of Rothes Commissioner 1663. John Maitland Duke of Lauderdail Commisioner 1669. A Catalogue of the CHANCELLOVRS of the Kingdom since the year 1198. collected out of Histories 1198. William Malvoisin Bishop of Glasgow 1220. William de Boseo Bishop of Dumblane 1226. Matthew Kinninmouth Bishop of Aberdene 1239. William Babington Bishop of Glasgow 1247. Abbot of 1248. Richard of Innerkeithing Bishop of Dumblane 1259. Gamelinus Bishop of Saint Andrews 1273. William Wishart Bishop of Glasgow 1280. William Fraser Bishop of Saint Andrews 1298. Maurice Bishop of the Isles 1363. Adam Bishop of Brichen 1372. Patrick Bishop of Brichen 1380. John Lyon Lord Glammes 1390. Gilbert Grimlaw Bishop of Aberdene 1409. William Lawder Bishop of Glasgow 1434. John Bishop of Brichen 1436. Sir William Creighton of Creighton 1444. James Bruce Bishop of Dunkeld 1448. Patrick Lyon Lord Glammes 1453. William Sinclare Earl of Orkney 1463. George Shorswood Bishop of Brichen 1474. John Lang Bishop of Glasgow 1476. Andrew Stewart Lord Evendail 1484. William Elphingston Bishop of Aberdene 1494. Archbald Douglas Earl of Angus 1497. George Gordon Earl of Huntlie 1502.
James Stewart Archbishop of Saint Andrews 1512. Alexander Stewart Archbishop of Saint Andrews 1518. James Beaton Archbishop of Glasgow 1526. Gawin Dumbar Archbishop of Glasgow 1534. William Stewart Bishop of Aberdene 1539. Cardinal David Beaton Archbishop of Saint Andrews 1561. George Gordon Earl of Huntlie 1563. James Douglas Earl of Morton 1567. George Gordon Earl of Huntlie 1570. James Douglas Earl of Morton again 1572. Archbald Campbell Earl of Argile 1575. John Lyon Lord Glammes 1578. John Stewart Earl of Athol 1579. Coline Campbell Earl of Argile 1584. James Stewart Earl of Arran 1591. John Maitland Lord of Thirlstane 1598. John Grahame Earl of Montross 1604. Alexander Seaton Earl of Dunfermlin 1622. George Hay Earl of Hinnoule 1635. John Spotiswood Archbishop of Saint Andrews 1641. John Campbell Earl of Lowdoun 1660. William Cunnighame Earl of Glencairn 1665. John Leslie Earl of Rothes present Lord High Chancellour of Scotland 1676. Writers of the Scotish History COrnelius Hibernicus Veremundus a Spaniard Archdeacon of Saint Andrews wrote the History of the Nation from its original till the reign of King Malcolm the Third Joannes à Campo Bello or Campbell Turgot Prior of Durham and Bishop of Saint Andrews wrote the Lives of King Malcolm Canmoir and of his Queen Margaret Liber Sconae a Chronicle written by the Monks of Scoon Liber Pasletensis the Black Book of Paislay a Chronicle written by the Monks of Paislay Liber Pluscartensis a Chronicle wriiten by the Monks of Pluscardy One Blind Henry wrote the History of Sir William Wallace in Scotish Meeter John Barbour Archdeacon of Aberdene did write the Life of King Robert Bruce in Scotish Meeter John Major Provost of Saint Salvator's Colledge in Saint Andrews wrote the History of the Nation William Elphingston Bishop of Aberdene wrote a Treatise of the Scotish Antiquities Hector Boeth or Boyes Principal of the King's Colledge of Aberdene wrote the History of the Nation till the Reign of King James the First continued till the Reign of King James the Sixth by John Ferrerius a Piemontoise a Monk of Pluscardy John Balenden Archdeacon of Murray did translate Boyes History into English George Buchanan Schoolmaster to King James the Sixth wrote the History of the Nation till the year 1572. Robert Johnston wrote a continuation of the Scotish History from the year 1572. to the year 1628. in Latin Folio John Leslie Bishop of Ross wrote the History of the Nation till the year 158 Raphael Holinshed wrote the History of the Nation till the Reign of King James the Sixth centinued by Francis Thin William Cambden wrote a Description of the Kingdom John Dempster wrote an Introduction to the Scotish History David Chalmer wrote a Treatise of the Scotish Saints David Hume of Godscroft did write the History of the Earls of Douglas and Angus William Drummond of Hawthornden did write the Lives of the Five King Jameses William Sanderson wrote the Lives of Queen Mary King James the Sixth and King Charles the First John Spotiswood Archbishop of Saint Andrews did write the History of the Church of Scotland from the first Plantation of the Christian Faith therein till the death of King James George Wishart Doctour of Divinity did write the Actions of James Marquess of Montross Robert Gordon of Stralogh did write the Theatrum Scotiae being a Description of the whole Kingdom with the Maps of every particular Country Printed by John Janson Bleaw at Amsterdam a very excellent Work The Mercenary Printer did him a double injury First in printing with his Book Buchanan's Seditious Pamphlet de Jure Regni apud Scotos it being sufficiently known that the Authour was of no such Principals but always loyal Then in Dedicating that Work to the Usurper O. Cromwell whereas the Authour sent over to the Printer a Dedication of his Book to His most Sacred Majestie at that time Prince of Wales and the Copy of that Dedication written with his own hand is yet in the custody of his Son the Reverend James Gordon Parson of Rothinay Thus much I thought fit to say in vindication of that worthy Gentleman who was one of the most learned persons of the Age he lived it Dempster in his Apparatus to the Scotish History has promised a great many things to the World which he never performed some have thought that he onely amused people by the undertaking he mentions in that Book Others believe that he knew of a great many Scotish Manuscripts beyond the Seas which were carried thither by Monks and Friers at the Reformation In most Religious houses there was a Chronicle written of the times divers of which I have seen that yet remain in Scotland some written in rithme English and Latine some in prose but there cannot be much made out of them they being full of Legends and Idle stories There are besides very considerable Manuscripts in Scotland that relate to private Families but give an account of several publick Transactions as the History of the Families of the Drummonds the Gordons c. But for a publick History of the Kingdom there is little more to be expected of past times then what hath been already published for as when Edward the First conquered Scotland he carried the Records and Registers of that Kingdom with him to London so in the late Invasion Cromwell thought it a very valuable pledge of the Scotish Nation to send up to the Tower of London all the publick Records Rolls and Registers of the Kingdom which lay there till His MAJESTY's happy Restauration after which by the KING's Orders they were sent down by Sea to be laid up in the Castle of Edinburgh but the Ship that was loaded with them was cast away near the Holy Island So they were all irrecoverably sunk and lost Therefore we must rely upon the credit of our ancient Historians since there are no means left to correct them by A compleat Catalogue of the BISHOPS and ARCHBISHOPS succeeding each other in their several SEES Bishops in SCOTLAND before its division into Dioceses 277. 1. Amphibalus 370. 2. Regulus 450. 3. Ninian 460. 4. Palladius 490. 5. Hildebert 606. 6. Columba 520. 7. Servanus 650. 8. Colman 669. 9. Adamannus 689. 10. Wiro 681. 11. Plechelmus 700. 12. Bonifacius 700. 13. Macharius 700. 14. Glacianus 700. 15. Gervadius 496. 16. Trevanus 600. Thomianus Chromonus Dagamus Bathanus Bishop Bishops and Archbishops of SAINT ANDREWS 840. 1. Adrian 872. 2. Kellach 896. 3. Malifius 904. 4. Kellach 2 d. 939. 5. Malmore 6. Malifius 2 d. 7. Alwinus 8. Maldwin 970. 9. Tuthaldus 10. Fothadus 1010. 11. Gregorius 12. Edmundus 1063. 13. Turgot 1098. 14. Godricus 1110. 15. Eadmerus 1114. 16. Robert 1159. 17. Arnold 1161. 18. Richard 1178. 19. Hugo 1188. 20. Roger * 1202. 21. William Malvoisin Lord Chancellour 1231. 22. David Benham 1251. 23. Abel 1253. 24. Gamelinus Lord Chancellour 1274. 25. William Wishart 1280. 26. William Fraser Lord Chancell 1300. 27. William Lamberton 1328. 28. James Bane 1332.
marrying Queen Mary to the Earl of Bothwell but was the year after restored He exchanged his Bishoprick of Orkney with Robert Stewart one of the base Sons of King James the Fifth for the Abby of Holy-rood-house by which means he became a Senatour of the Colledge of Justice and a Temporal Lord being the Ancestour of the Lord Holy-rood-house Upon this Exchange Robert Stewart became Bishop of Orkney and afterwards upon the Forfeiture of James Hepburn Earl of Bothwell and the obtaining of these Isles for a Temporal Estate sole Lord of the Country being created Earl of Orkney 1581. About the year 1606. James Law was Bishop of Orkney and translated to Glasgow 1615. To Bishop Law succeeded Andrew Grahame Bishop of Dumblane How long he sate I cannot learn George Grahame was after him preferred Bishop of Orkney This Bishop being terrified with the Censures of the Assembly of Glasgow did abjure Episcopacy and submitted to Presbyterian Government betaking himself to the charge of a particular Parish 1638. Hereupon King Charles the First did promote Robert Baron Doctour and Professour of Divinity in the Marischal Colledge of Aberdene to the Bishoprick This Learned and worthy man having incensed the Covenanters by expressing his Loyalty so publickly in the Disputes between the Doctours of Aberdene and Mr. Henderson Mr. Dickson and Mr. Cant the three great Champions for the Covenant was forced to flee to Berwick where he died shortly after before his Consecration Anno 1662. Thomas Sydserfe Bishop of Galloway the onely Bishop then alive of all those who had been outed by the Covenanters was translated to Orkney He sate but a few years and died Anno 1663. Unto whom succeeded Andrew Honniman a learned and pious man and a good Preacher This Bishop accompanying the Archbishop of Saint Andrews at Edinburgh received a wound in the Arm by Pistol-shot aimed at the Archbishop by an obscure fellow 1668. He died Anno 1676. and was buried at Kirkwall in the Cathedral-Church The Diocese of Orkney hath under its Jurisdiction all the Northern Isles of Orkney and Schetland Archbishops of GLASGOW UPon the death of Archbishop Gawin Dumbar Anno 1552. James Beaton of the House of Balfour in Fife was preferred to the See This Prelat being attainted of Treason went into France carrying with him all the Ornaments Plate and Writings of the Church of Glasgow which he put into the hands of the Carthusians in Paris to be restored when Scotland became Popish again Anno 1572. James Boyd of Trochrig was promoted to the Bishoprick a wise worthy and Religious Prelat He died 1578. and was interred in the sepulchre of Bishop Dumbar Unto whom succeeded Robert Montgomery Preacher at Striveling who being much vexed by the Kirk-men was glad for peace sake to betake himself to the Charge of a particular Parish in Kile 1587. resigning his Bishoprick in favour of William Erskine Parson of Campsey who injoyed it but a short time For Archbishop Beaton was by King James the Sixth restored He was a person honourably disposed faithfull to Queen Mary while she lived and to King James whose Embassadour he was a Lover of his Country and liberal according to his means to all his Country-men He died 1603. a full Jubilee of years from his Consecration After his death John Spotiswood Parson of Calder was preferred Archbishop of Glasgow He sate twelve years and was translated to Saint Andrews 1615. Hereupon James Law Bishop of Orkney was translated to Glasgow who dying Anno 1635. Patrick Lindsay Bishop of Ross was preferred to the See and outed by the Covenanters Anno 1638. The first Archbishop after the Restitution of the Hierarchy was Andrew Fairfoul Preacher in Dunce who sate little above a year Upon whose death Anno 1664. Alexander Burnet Bishop of Aberdene was translated to Glasgow and outed 1669. and Robert Leighton Bishop of Dumblane preferred to the See who resigning Anno 1674. Archbishop Burnet was restored and now governs the See The Cathedral of Glasgow a very magnificent Structure was built by Bishop John Achtian 1135. It oweth thanks to the memory of King James the Sixth for its preservation from utter ruine For the Ministers of Glasgow persuaded the Magistrates to pull it down and to build two or three Churches with the materials thereof the Magistrates condescending a day is appointed and workmen ready to demolish it The Crafts or Tradesmen having notice given them of this design convene in Arms and oppose the Magistrates threatning to bury the workmen under the ruines of that ancient Building Whereupon the matter is referred to the King and Council who decided the Controversie in the Tradesmens favours reproving the Magistrates very sharply The Diocese of Glasgow contains the Counties or Shires of Dumbarton Ranfrew Air Lanerick part of the Shires of Roxburgh Dumfreis Peeblis and Selkirk Bishops of GALLOWAY ABout the year 1606. Gawin Hamilton was Bishop of Galloway a very worthy person His Successour Anno 1614. was William Cowper Preacher at Perth a Learned and pious Prelat he died 1619. of whom see the former History page 540. Upon whose death Andrew Lamb Bishop of Brichen was translated to Galloway How long he sate I cannot learn After him Thomas Sydserfe was preferred to the See a learned and worthy Prelate he was outed by the Covenanters 1638. and upon the Restitution of the Episcopal Estate Anno 1662. translated to Orkney About which time James Hamilton Rectour of Cambusnethan was promoted to the Bishoprick Unto whom succeeded Anno 1674. John Paterson Dean of Edinburgh who now governs the See The Diocese of Galloway hath under its Jurisdiction the Shire of Wigton Stewartry of Kirkubright Regality of Glenluce and part of Dumfreis-shire Bishops of ARGILE AFter George Laird of Balcomie who is the last Bishop of Argile mentioned by our Reverend Authour in his Second Book I meet with some who have been Bishops before the Reformation The first was Robert Montgomery one of the Sons of Hugh the first Earl of Eglington Then one Campbell who spoiled the Benefice about the time of the Reformation After the Reformation there was one Kerswell Bishop of Argile how long he governed the See I cannot learn To him succeeded Boyd See the Addenda To whom succeeded James Fairley who was thrust out by the Covenanters 1638. and afterwards renounced his Bishoprick and accepted a private Charge Anno 1662. Fletcher Rectour of was preferred to the See who dying Anno 1665. William Scrowgie Parson of Rapban in Aberdene-shire was preferred to the place He governed the See nine years and died at Dumbritton Anno 1675. Unto him succeeded Arthur Ross Parson of Glasgow who now governs the See The Diocese of Argile contains the Countries of Argile Lorn Kintire and Lochabyr with some of the West Isles such as Lismore c. Bishops of the ISLES ABout the year 1606 Andrew Knox Rectour of Pasley was preferred to the See How long he sate I know not His Successour was John Knox Rectour of How long
or Obedience Thus continued they during the heat of Persecution and when Peace was restored they returned to their former Dwellings resuming their Callings which they had not left off but for a time laid aside Afterwards there sprung up another sort of Monks leading a solitary life when no Persecution forced them thereunto These considering the inconstancy of humane affairs that though they had Prosperity for the present it might be soon changed into a contrary condition if either the restless endeavours of Satan took effect or sinfull Christians were rewarded according to their deserts and prompted also thereunto by their own Melancholick dispositions chose a lone life and lived in Desarts Afterwards they were gathered together to live under one Roof because their Company would be chearfull in Health and needfull in Sickness one to another They sustained themselves by their Labour for every one had a Calling whereby to gain his Livelihood and relieved others by their Charity and very strict were they in their Lives and Conversations But afterwards Monks having sufficiency turned lazie then getting waxed wanton and at last endowed with superfluity became notoriously vicious and so they continued till they were finally extirpated Thus much concerning their Original proceed we next to their several Orders The first are the Benedictines or Black Monks so called from Saint Benedict or Bennet an Italian who flourished about the year 500 first Father and Founder of that Order The Benedictines and Augustinians came into Scotland about one time Their Convents 1. The Abbey of Icolmkill in the Isle Jona founded by Saint Columba about the year 590. 2. The Abbey of Dumfermling in Fife founded by Saint David the First King of Scotland about the year 1130. The Church whereof was built by King Malcolm the Third and was for several hundreds of years the Sepulchre of the Scotish Kings This Abbey was at the Reformation annexed to the Crown 3. The Abbey of Saint Colme in Inch-Colme in the River Forth founded by King Alexander the First about the year 1120. 4. The Abbey of Aberbrothock or Arbroath in Angus founded by King William 1178. This was the richest of our Scotish Abbeys At the Reformation it was conferred upon James Duke of Chattelrault and Earl of Arran who gave it to his second Son Lord John Hamilton At this day it is in the possession of the Earl of Panmure and the stately ruines thereof are yet to be seen 5. The Priory of Vrqhuart in Murray founded by King Alexander the Third 126 A Cell belonging to Dumfermling 6. The Priory of Coldinghame in the Mers founded by Edgar King of Scots 1106. A Cell belonging to Durham in England 7. The Monastery of South-Berwick founded by King David the First 8. The Monastery of Three wells or Trefontana in Lamermoor on the Borders of Lothian founded by the Countess of March A Cell belonging to South-Berwick 9. The Monastery of Kilconqhuar in Galloway founded by Ethred or rather Fergus Lord of Galloway The Cluniacks are Benedictines sifted through a finer fearce with some additionals invented and imposed upon them by Odo Abbot of Clugny or Cluni in Burgundy who flourished Anno 913. Their Convents 1. The Abbey of Pasley in Ranfrew-shire founded by Alexander the great Steward of Scotland 12 The Monks whereof wrote a History of the Nation At the Reformation it was bestowed upon Claud Hamilton third Son to the Duke of Chattelrault 2. The Abbey of Rewls-Cross or Corsraguel in Carrict founded by Thomas Earl of Carrict 126 The Cistercians are so called from Robert Abbot of Cisteaux in Burgundy who Anno 1088. did the second time refine the drossie Benedictines Their Convents 1. The Abbey of Sanudell in Kintyre founded by Saint Coule Milicora What this Founder was I know not 2. The Abbey of Souls-Seat Sedes Animarum in Galloway was founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway 3. The Abbey of Dundrennan in Galloway was founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway 4. The Abbey of Melross in Teviotdail founded by King David the First 5. The Abbey of Newbottle in Lothian founded by King David the First 6. The Abbey of Culross in Clackmannan-shire founded by Malcolm Mackduff Earl of Fife 7. The Abbey of Glenluce in Galloway founded by Rolland Lord of Galloway 8. The Abbey of Sweet-heart Dulcis Cordis or New Abbey in Galloway founded by Dornogilla Daughter of Alan Lord of Galloway and Wife to John Balliol 9. The Abbey of Balmerino in Fife founded by Emergards Wife to King William 10. The Abbey of Deir in Buchan founded by William Cummin Earl of Buchan 1218. 11. The Abbey of Cowper in Angus founded by King David the First 12. The Abbey of Kelso in Teviotdail founded by King David the First 13. The Priory of Machlein in Kile A Cell belonging to the Abbey of Melross 14. The Monastery of Elcho in Strath-Jern founded by David Lindsay Ancestour to the Earls of Crawfurd The Monks of the Order of the Valley of Reeds Vallis Caulium are a Branch of the Reformed Cistercians whose Institutions both in Habit Diet Divine Offices c. they punctually observe but with greater strictness confining themselves to much narrower Bills They possess very mean Revenues being wholly intent upon their Devotions and may not goe without the bounds of the Monastery it being onely lawfull for the Prior and one of the Order to goe abroad upon necessary occasions and to visit the Monasteries under their charge They are daily imployed in dressing the Gardens of Fruits and Herbs which are within the bounds of the Monastery and improved for the use of it This Order had four Convents in Scotland 1. The Priory of Ardehattan in Lorn founded by Duncan Mackowle of Lorn 2. The Priory of Lismehago in Clidisdail founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway 3. The Priory of Bewley in Ross founded by John Lord Bisset 4. The Priory of Pluscardy in Murray founded by King Alexander the Second the Monks whereof did write a Scotish Chronicle It was afterwards turned into a Convent of Black Monks The Augustinians are older in Europe then the Benedictines These do observe the Institutions of Saint Augustine Bishop of Hippo who was Saint Bennet's Senior by sixty years The Augustinians are also called Regular Canons Their Convents in Scotland were 1. The Abbey of Jedburgh in Teviotdail founded by King David the First 2. The Abbey of Holy-rood-house in Lothian adjoyning to the Canon-gate in Edinburgh founded by King David the First This Abbey is now one of the King's Palaces 3. The Abbey of Cambuskeneth in Striveling-shire founded by King David the First 4. The Abbey of Inchassray in Strath-Jern founded by Gilbert Earl of Strath-Jern 5. The Abbey of Scoon in Gowry founded by Alexander the First King of Scotland 6. The Priory of Crusa in the West Isles founded by Saint Columba 7. The Priory of Omistai in the West Isles founded by Saint Columba 8. The Priory of Holy-Cross at Peeblis in Tweedail founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway 9.
The Priory of Saint Mary Isle in Galloway A Cell pertaining to the Abbey of Holy-rood-house 10. The Priory of Saint Colonor's Isle in Menteith founded by Edgar King of Scotland 11. The Priory of Saint Andrews in Fife founded by King Alexander the First 1122. It is annexed to the Archbishoprick of Saint Andrews 12. The Priory of May in the Mouth of Forth A Cell belonging to Saint Andrews 13. The Priory of Pittenweem in Fife A Cell belonging to Saint Andrews 14. The Priory of Monimusk in Mar. A Cell belonging to the Priory of Saint Andrews 15. The Priory of Restennot in Angus A Cell belonging to the Abbey of Jedburgh 16. The Priory of Straphillan in Athol founded by King Robert the First 132 17. The Priory of Blantyre in Clidisdail A Cell belonging to the Abbey of Jedburgh 18. The Priory of Port-Mollock in Loch-Leiven in Fife A Cell belonging to the Priory of Saint Andrews It is annexed to Saint Leonard's Colledge 19. The Priory of Loch-Tay in Broad Albain The Order of the Praemonstratenses was founded by Norbert born at Colein and afterwards as is said Archbishop of Memberg He is said to have done it at the Command of the Blessed Virgin who appear'd to him whereupon with some Companions he retired into a desolate place called Praemonstratum thence comes the Title of the Order where they settled their Society Anno 1120. They are under the Rule of Saint Augustine which they tell us Norbert in a Vision immediately received at the hand of Saint Augustine himself The Habit of their Order is a White Garment and over that a White Cloak or Mantle with a Cowl upon their head of the same Colour The Monks of this Order had five Convents in Scotland 1. The Abbey of Tungland in Galloway founded by Alan Lord of Galloway 2. The Abbey of Holy-wood in Nithisdail 3. The Abbey of Dryburgh in Teviotdail founded by Hugh Morvil High Constable of Scotland 4. The Abbey of Ferne in Ross founded by Ferqbuard Earl of Ross This Abbey is annexed to the Bishoprick of Ross 5. The Priory of Whiteborn in Galloway founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway The Tironenses as I conceive are not a distinct Order of Monks but rather young Novices or fresh-water Monks In a Catalogue of the Religious Houses in Scotland which I have by me I find some styled or termed Ordinis Tironensis which if it were written Turonensis it would relate to Tours in France and the rather because there is in France a Conventus Turonensis of Augustinian Monks but wherein or whether they differed from others I know not But leaving that to the Reader 's farther inquiry let us take a view of Their Convents 1. The Abbey of Kilwining in Cunninghame founded by Hugh Morvil Constable of Scotland 2. The Abbey of Lindoris in Fife founded by David Earl of Huntington Brother to King William 3. The Priory of Fyvie in Forumarten A Seminary belonging to the Abbey of Arbroath We proceed next to the Monks of the Order of Saint Antony whose Original was from Saint Antony an Egyptian who about the time of the later Persecutions not long after Decius retired into the Desarts where he lived the best part of an hundred years and became the Father of an Eremitick life wherein he educated all those Disciples that resorted to him After whose Example other Orders were set up About the time of the Wars in Palestine his Body was translated from Constantinople to Mota now called Saint Antony a Town in the Province of Viennoys in France where it was honourably laid up in a Church built to his memory and became famous for miraculous Cures Among which Gasto a Nobleman of that Province and his Son Girond being heal'd of a mortal Plague dedicated themselves and all that they had to Saint Antony wholly devoting themselves to the curing and attending of the Sick that came thither To whom shortly after eight more joyned themselves who combined into a Society This was about the year 1121. Their Order was confirmed by several Popes especially Boniface the Eighth Anno 1297. who prescribed unto them Rules and conferred upon them their Privileges They observe the Rule of Saint Augustine's Order and as the peculiar and distinguishing Badge of their Order wear about their Necks the letter T in Gold or Silver hanging upon their Breasts and carry a little Bell about with them The Monks of this Order had onely one Convent in Scotland at Leith but who was the Founder thereof I cannot learn The Carthusians were instituted by Saint Bruno a Native of Colein who being a Parisian Doctour of Divinity and a Canon of Rheims abandoned the World and with six Associats began his austere Eremitical course of life on the Carthusian Mountains in the Diocese of Gratianopolis with the Licence of Hugh then Bishop thereof This Bruno flourished under Pope Vrban the Second and died Anno Christi 1101. King James the First did bring the Carthusians into Scotland and built them a Convent in Perth known afterwards by the name of Charter-house about the year 1430. FRom Monks we proceed to FRIERS These were differenced from Monks in that Monks were confined to their Cloisters whilst more liberty was allowed to Friers to go about and preach in neighbouring Parishes as also Monks had nothing in propriety but all in common Friers had nothing in propriety nor in common but being Mendicants begg'd all their subsistence from the Charity of others But they met with very bountifull Benefactours and in Scotland when their Nests were pull'd down were too rich to profess Poverty The Dominicans or Black Friers called also Praedicatores Preaching Friers were instituted by Saint Dominick a Spaniard Anno 1206. and confirmed by Pope Honorius the Third Anno Christi 1216. The Dominicans had their Convents At 1. Wigton 2. Air 3. Glasgow 4. Edinburgh 5. Perth 6. Dundee 7. Striveling 8. Monross 9. Cowper of Fife 10. Aberdene 11. Elgin 12. Innerness 13. Saint Andrews 14. Haddington 15. Jedburgh 16. Dumfreis 17. Cowper of Angus 18. Innerkeithing 19. Dysert 20. Linlithgow 21. Kinghorn 22. Forres 23. Selkirk The Franciscans or Gray Friers called also Minorits were instituted by Saint Francis an Italian about the year of our Lord 1198. and confirmed by Pope Innocent the Third His Rule prescribed Chastity Obedience Poverty much Fasting and other Austerities to all that should be admitted of that Order The Franciscans are Minores tam Observantes quà m Conventuales The Conventuals had their Houses At 1. Ronburgh 2. Dumfreis 3. Haddington 4. Innerkeithing 5. Lanerick 6. Dundee The Friers Observant had their Monasteries At 1. Edinburgh 2. Striveling 3. Air 4. Glasgow 5. Saint Andrews 6. Perth 7. Aberdene 8. Elgin The Carmelite Friers had their beginning at and name from Mount Carmel in Syria being instituted by Almerieus Patriarch of Antioch Anno 1122. They are also called White Friers and had their Convents At 1. Dumbar 2. Linlithgow 3. Tillilume 4. Queens-ferry 5. Aberdene 6.
Irwing 7. Bamff The Trinity Friers or Mathurins follow These were also called Robertines and De Redemptione Captivorum whose work was to beg mony of well-disposed people for Ransoming of Christian Captives from the Slavery of the Turks These Friers had their Houses At 1. Falle 2. Houstoun 3. Dornoch 4. Cromarty 5. Scotland-well 6. Aberdene 7. Peeblis I can give no account concerning the several Orders of NVNS in Scotland Their Convents were 1. The Priory of North-Berwick in Lothian founded by Duncan Earl of Fife 2. The Priory of Haddington in Lothian founded by Ada Countess of Northumberland Wife to Prince Henry onely Son of King David the First 3. The Priory of Saint Bothans in Lammer-moor founded by Christiana Countess of March 4. The Priory of Manuel in Lothian founded by King Malcolme the Fourth 5. The Priory of Coldstream in Mers founded by the Countess of March 6. The Priory of Ecclis in Mers founded by King David the First The Gray Sisters had their Houses At 1. Dundee 2. Aberdene 3. Sheens near Edinburgh What kind of Monks were in the following Monasteries I have not as yet learned 1. The Monastery of Abernethy in Strath-Jerne founded by Caranachus the King of the Picts 2. The Monastery of Saint Andrew de beugh founded by King Constantine the Second 3. The Abbey of Soutre in Lothian founded by King Malcolm the Fourth 4. The Priory of Cannabie in Eskdail 5. The Priory of Star-inch in Lewis founded by Maclewid Baron of Lewis 6. The Priory of Rowadill in Harrigh founded by Maclewid Baron of Harrigh 7. The Priory of Inchmahomo in Perth-shire 8. The Monastery of Elbottle a Cell belonging to South Berwick 9. The Priory of Gulane in Lothian a Cell belonging to South Berwick founded by King David the First 10. The Priory of Aberdowr in Fife Thus much concerning Monks and Friers BEsides the Convents of Regulars there were Colledges erected for SECVLAR PRIESTS and amply endowed with Revenues The chief person of the Colledge of Secular Canons was called the Provost and the Colledge it self the Provostry Let us take a view of them 1. The Colledge of Bothwell in Clidisdail founded by Archbald the First Earl of Douglas It was before a Cloister of Nuns 2. The Colledge of Linclowden in Nithisdail founded by the same Archbald 3. The Colledge of Bothans in Lothian founded by William Hay Baron of Yester 4. The Provostry of Minniboll in Carrict founded by Sir Gilbert Kennedy Knight 5. The Colledge of Dumbar in Lothian founded by George Earl of March 6. The Colledge of Carnwath in Clidisdail founded by Thomas Lord Summervile 7. The Colledge of Methuen in Strath-Jerne founded by Walter Stewart Earl of Athol 8. The Provostry of Dalkeith in Lothian founded by James Douglas the second Earl of Morton 9. The Provostry of Fowlis in Angus founded by Andrew Gray of Fowlis 10. The Colledge of Kilmund in Cowal founded by Sir Duncan Campbell Knight 11. The Provostry of Dirlton in Lothian founded by Sir Walter Haliburton of Dirlton 12. The Colledge of Rosseline in Lothian founded by William Sinclair Earl of Orkney 13. The Provostry of Dunglas in Mers founded by Alexander Hume Lord Hume 14. The King's Colledge of Striveling founded by King James the Third 15. Trinity Colledge in Edinburgh founded by Mary Widow of King James the Second 16. The Provostry of Restalrig in Lothian founded by King James the Fourth 17. The Provostry of Seaton in Lothian founded by the Lord Seaton 18. The Provostry of Costorphine in Lothian founded by the Baron of Costorphine Forrester 19. The Colledge of Creighton in Lothian founded by the Earl of Bothwell Hepburn 20. The Provostry of Sempill in Ranfrew-shire founded by the Lord Sempill 21. The Colledge of Kilmawers in Cunninghame founded by the Earl of Glencarn 22. The Colledge of Hamilton in Clidisdail founded by the Lord Hamilton 23. The Colledge of Dumbarton in Lennox founded by one of the Countesses of Lennox 24. The Provostry of Tillibarden in Strath-Jerne founded by the Baron of Tillibarden Murray 25. The Provostry of Tayne in Ross founded by King James the Fourth 26. The Provostry of Abernethie in Strath-Jerne founded by one of the Earls of Douglas The chief Church in great Towns was a Collegiate-Church as Saint Giles in Edinburgh c. LAST of all follow the KNIGHTS TEMPLARS This Order was instituted by Pope Gelasius about the year of our Lord 1120. Their Office and Vow was to defend the Temple and the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem to entertain Christian Strangers that came thither for Devotion and to guard them in safety when they went to visit the places of the Holy Land Their Habit was a White Cloak with a Red Cross and a Sword girt about them They were suppressed by Pope Clemens the Fifth about the year 1310. and their Lands were by a General Council held at Vienna conferr'd on the Knights of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem called also Joannites and after Knights of the Rhodes and lastly of Malta where they live at this day The Templars and their Successours spoken of before had onely one House in Scotland which was the Hospital of Saint Germans in Lothian This House was dissolved Anno 1494. and the greatest part of its Revenues by King James the Fourth conferr'd upon the King's Colledge of Aberdene then newly founded by Bishop William Elphingston Though I cannot give an account in what year every particular Monastery in Scotland was founded yet their general Dissolution was about the year 1560. There was also a Convent of Red Friers at the mouth of Teviot near Kelso but by whom built I cannot learn CHAP. III. The UNIVERSITIES of SCOTLAND THere are four Universities in Scotland SAINT ANDREWS GLASGOW ABERDENE EDINBVRGH The Vniversitie of SAINT ANDREWS WAS founded by Bishop Henry Wardlaw Anno Christi 1412. It is endowed with very ample Privileges The Archbishops of Saint Andrews are perpetual Chancellours thereof The Rectour is chosen yearly and by the Statutes of the Universitie he ought to be one of the three Principals His Power is the same with that of the Vice-chancellour of Oxford or Cambridge There are in this Universitie three Colledges viz. SAINT SALVATOR'S SAINT LEONARD'S NEW COLLEDGE SAINT SALVATOR'S Colledge James Kennedy Bishop of Saint Andrews founded this Colledge built the Edifice furnished it with costly Ornaments and provided sufficient Revenues for the maintenance of the Masters and Professours Persons endowed at the Foundation were A Doctour A Bachelour A Licenciate of Divinitie Four Professours of Philosophy who are called Regents Eight poor Scholars called Bursars Benefactours I can give little or no account of the Benefactours The Earl of Cassils hath founded a Professour of Humanitie to teach the Latin tongue George Martyn cieled the great Hall Present Professours George Weemis Doctour of Divinity Provost James Rymer Professours of Philosophy George Thomson Professours of Philosophy Edward Thomson Professours of Philosophy James Strachan Professours of Philosophy The Arms of Saint Salvator's
Power of Calling Adjourning Prorogation is not in our Law and Dissolving of Parliaments the giving the Votes of Parliament the Authority of Laws the executing of the Law and the pardoning of Offences are clearly and onely in the Crown But to these other great Additions have been made in the two Parliaments held since His MAJESTIE' 's Restauration For whereas the Supremacy in Ecclesiastical affairs was always in the Crown since the Reformation yet in the Reign of King James the Sixth the Power of the General Assembly was raised very high by Law which was the chief foundation of the late Troubles it being pretended that it was contrary to Law for the King to introduce any thing into the Church without the consent of a General Assembly It was therefore enacted in Parliament That the External Government and Polity of the Church was wholly in the King's power and that his Orders sent to the Privy Council and published by them about all Ecclesiastical matters Meetings and Persons were to be obeyed by the Subjects any Law or Practice to the contrary notwithstanding So that in all matters that relate to the Chuch-Government the King's Power is absolute The Second Point is about the Militia By the ancient Laws of Scotland all the King's Subjects were to assist him in his Wars Upon which a great enlargement of the King's Prerogative was grafted of late by two Acts of Parliament the Kingdom of Scotland offering to the King to raise and arm Twenty thoussand Foot and Two thousand Horse and to furnish them with forty days Provision to march into any of His Majestie 's Dominions of Scotland England or Ireland for suppressing any Foreign Invasion Intestine Trouble or Insurrection or for any other Service wherein His Majestie 's Honour Authority or Greatness may be concerned And these Forces by another Act are to give due Obedience to all such Directions as they shall receive from His Majestie 's Privie Council A Third Point is the Ordering and disposing of Trade with Forein Nations and the laying of Restraints and Impositions upon Forein imported Commodities which is declared a Prerogative of the Crown With these Sacred Rights is the Crown of Scotland cloathed The King's Revenue consisted anciently most in the Crown-Lands which could not be alienated but by Act of Parliament and in the Wards and Marriages of the Vassals of the Crown But most of these have been of late years given away and most of the Tenures of Lands are changed although there has been no general Law for taking away the Wards The Revenue is now raised out of the Customes and the Excise The last is given to this King for life but the former is in the Crown for ever The rest is raised out of what remains of the Crown-Lands and the Wards The Persons nearest in bloud to the King are first all the Issue of King James and King Charles which are so well known to every one that they need not be repeated Next to them are all that are descended from the Daughter of King James the Second since whom till the Queen of Bohemia no Collateral Branch sprung from the Royal Family of whom any Issue remains who was married to James Lord Hamilton and had issue first James created Earl of Arran whose Son was the Duke of Chastelberault from whom by two Sons and two Daughters are descended the Families of Hamilton and Abercorn and the Families of Huntly and Launderdail And by an Act of Parliament signed by all the Three Estates the Original whereof is yet extant in the Reign of Queen Mary the Duke of Chastelberault's Family is declared next the Queen and her Issue the rightfull Heir of the Crown The Sister of King James the Third bare likewise to the Lord Hamilton a Daughter married to the Earl of Lennox from whom descended the Family of Lennox There is no other Branch of the Royal Family since it was in the Line of the Stewarts except the Earl of Cassils his Family whose Ancestour the Lord Kennedy married King James the First 's Sister from which Mariage that Family is descended And so much of the Royal Family The Chief and Supreme Court is the High Court of Parliament which is made up of Three Estates The First is the Ecclesiastical that of old consisted of the Bishops and Mitered Abbots but since the Reformation consists onely of Archbishops and Bishops The Second Estate is the Nobility who were anciently divided into the Greater Barons and the Lesser for every man that holds Lands of the Crown with a Privilege of holding a Court much like the Lord of a Manour in England is called a Baron and all were obliged to appear personally in Parliament for Proxies were never allowed by the Law of Scotland and give the King Counsel This proved a very heavy burthen to the small Barons upon which they desired to be excused from their attendance in Parliament and this was granted to them as a favour in King James the First 's reign And though by that Act they might have sent two or three or more to represent them from every Shire yet they made no use of that for above 150 years but King James the Sixth to balance the Nobility got them restored to that Right so that ever since there are two sent from every Shire who are Commissioners for the Shires The Third Estate is the Burroughs every one of which chuseth one Commissioner onely the City of Edinburgh as the Metropolis chuseth two The Parliament is summoned by Proclamation made at the Head-Burrough of every Shire 40 days before they meet upon which the Shires and Burroughs meet about their Elections Every man that holds Lands of the Crown that in the Rolls of the Taxation the ancient Name of Subsidies or Assessments are valued at 40 shillings Scotish mony of Taxation to the King which will be in real value about Ten pounds Sterling a year is an Electour and may be Elected so he be rightly vested in the Land or according to the Scotish terms infeoft and seised and be not at the King's Horn that is under an Outlawry The Electours subscribe the Commissions they give and so their Commissioner is returned and if there be cross Elections the Parliament is the onely Judge In the Burroughs the Common-Council of the Town makes the Election When the day comes in which the Parliament is to be held the Regalia the Crown Sceptre and the Sword of State which are kept in the Castle of Edinburgh are brought down in State to the King's Palace and are to be carried by three of the ancientest Earls that are upon the place bare-headed before the King or His Commissioner In the great Court before the King's Palace all the Members of Parliament do mount on Horseback with Foot-cloaths c. The Burgesses ride first the Commissioners of the Shires next then the Lords Viscounts and Earls in their Robes the last of whom do carry the
Creditor may serve a Writ on his Debitor called Letters of Inhibition by which he can make no Disposition of his Goods or Estate till the party be satisfied and all is null that he does after that if these Letters be returned and registred within 21 days after they are served otherwise they have no force The next Supreme Court is the Justice Court where all Criminals are tried It consisted anciently of a Lord Justice General and a Lord Justice Clerk who was his Assistent The Earls of Argile had this Office by Inheritance but King Charles the First agreed with the Earl of Argile and gave him the hereditary Justiciarship in the High-lands for which he laid down his Pretensions to the other The Justice General is not bound to serve in person but might doe it by Deputies and he commonly named two but the Parliament changed this Anno 1669. and appointed four of the Judges to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General and the Lord Justice Clerk All Trials for Life are in this Court which sits every Friday in the time of Session in the afternoon Here all the Subjects Peers as well as Commons are tried nor is there any difference between the Trial of a Peer and of a Commoner but that the greater part of the Peers Jury called by the Scotish Law an Assize must be Peers Fifteen make a Jury The Foreman who is called the Chancellour of the Assize gathers and reports their Votes the major Vote determines the matter The present Justice General is the Earl of Murray The next Supreme Court is the Exchequer That consists of the Lord Treasurer or the Commissioners of the Treasury when it is in Commission the Lord Treasurer Deputy and some Assistents called the Lords of Exchequer who have little power the Lord Treasurer and the Lord Treasurer Deputy carrying all matters in it as they please Here all the King's Grants Pensions Gifts of Wards Letters Patents and such like are to be passed And these are the Supreme Civil Courts The Seat of those Courts is Edinburgh which has been long the chief Seat of the Government and though the making of Circuits for giving Justice has been oft begun yet the charge it puts the Country to is found a greater inconvenience then the bringing up all their Affairs to Edinburgh Next to these Supreme Courts there are other inferiour Courts And First there are many Regalities in the Kingdom where the Lord of the Regality has a Royal Jurisdiction within his grounds and power of Life and death besides many other great Immunities and Privileges This began chiefly in Church-Lands for all the Bishops and most of the Abbots had these Regalities granted them some of the ancient and great Peers likewise got the same power bestowed on them but many more have lately got their Lands erected into Regalities The Judge is called the Bailif of the Regality who sits as often as there is cause Most of the Bailifs of the Bishops are so by Inheritance for these were given by the King since a Church-man cannot give a Commission in Causa Sanguinis There are also in all the Shires of Scotland Sheriffs who are the Judges in all matters of Meum and Tuum in Thefts and in all lesser Crimes as likewise in Murthers if the Murtherer be taken in hot bloud as they call it when the person is newly slain But though there lies no Appeal in any Court in this Kingdom yet there is somewhat equivalent to it for the Supreme Courts by a Writ called an Advocation may take any Cause out of the hands of inferiour Judges and order it to be brought before themselves Most of the Sheriffs were anciently such by Inheritance and it being in this Kingdom no matter of charge but of profit it gave the Hereditary Sheriffs so great a power in their Shires that our Kings of late have thought sit to agree with many of those Sheriffs for their Rights by which it comes to pass that divers of them are now in the King's gift The Sheriffs may either sit and give Judgment themselves or doe it by a Deputy which they most commonly doe except in some greater cases SHIRES or COUNTIES of SCOTLAND and their SHERIFFS SHIRES SHERIFFS The Shire of Edinburgh containeth Middle Lothian Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton The Shire of Berwick containeth Mers The Earl of Hume The Shire of Peeblis containeth Tweeddail The Earl of Tweeddail The Shire of Selkirk containeth the Forrest of Etterick  The Shire of Roxburgh containeth Teviotdail Lidisdail Eskdail Ewsdail c. Duke of Buckleugh The Shire of Dumfreis containeth Nithisdail and Annandail Earl of Queensbury The Shire of Wigton containeth the West part of Galloway Sir Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw The Shire of Aire containeth Kyle Carrict and Cunninghame Earl of Dumfreis The Shire of Renfrew containeth the Barony of Renfrew Earl of Eglington The Shire of Lanerick containeth Clidsdail Duke of Hamilton The Shire of Dumbritton containeth Lennox Duke of Lennox The Shire of Bute containeth the Isles of Bute and Arran c. Sir James Stewart of The Shire of Innerara containeth Argile Lorn Kintyre the most part of the West Isles as Ila Jura Mull Wyist Terife Coll Lismore c. Earl of Argile The Shire of Perth containeth Athol Goury Glenshee Strath-Ardel Braid Albain Rainach Balwhidder Glenurqhuay Stormont Menteith and Strath-Jern Marquis of Athol The Shire of Striveling lieth on both sides of the River Forth Earl of Mar. The Shire of Linlithgow containeth West Lothian Earl of Calendar The Shire of Clackmannan containeth a small part of Fife lying on the River Forth towards Striveling Sir David Bruce of Clackmannan The Shire of Kinross containeth so much of Fife as lieth between Loch-Leiven and the Ochell Hills Earl of Morton The Shire of Cowper containeth the rest of Fife Earl of Rothes The Shire of Forfar containeth Angus with its pertinents as Glen-Ila Glen-Esk Glen-Prossin c. Earl of South-Esk The Shire of Kincairden containeth Mernis Earl Marischal The Shire of Aberdene containeth Mar with its pertinents as Birse Glen-Taner Glen-Muik Strath-Dee Strath-Don Bray of Mar and Cromar most part of Buchan Forumarten Gareoch and Strathbogie-land Earl of Dunfermline The Shire of Bamff containeth a small part of Buchan Strath-Dovern Boyn Enzie Strath-Awin and Balveny Sir James Baird of Auchmedden The Shire of Elgin containeth the Eastern part of Murray Robert Dumbar of The Shire of Nairne containeth the West part of Murray  The Shire of Innerness containeth Badenoch Lochabyr and the South part of Ross Earl of Murray The Shire of Cromarty containeth a small part of Ross lying on the South side of Cromarty Firth Sir John Vrqhuart of Cromarty The Shire of Taine containeth the rest of Ross with the Isles of Sky Lewes and Harrigh Earl of Seaforth The Shire of Dornoch containeth Sutherland and Strath-Navern Earl of Sutherland The Shire of Weik containeth Cathnes Earl of Cathnes The Shire of Orkney containeth all the Isles of