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people_n name_n transplant_v thither_o the_o briton_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o conceit_n of_o fame_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o issue_n of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n from_o the_o german_a and_o belgic_a shore_n induce_v hereto_o partly_o by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n city_n 5._o caes_n come_v l._n 5._o or_o town_n and_o place_n but_o more_o of_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n both_o in_o religion_n and_o civil_a government_n barbarian_n they_o be_v and_o so_o esteem_v by_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v but_o refine_a barbarian_n themselves_o and_o yet_o they_o worship_v a_o invisible_a infinite_a tacit._n tacit._n anal._n 14._o amian_n lib_n 15._o caes_n come_v lib._n 6_o tacit._n omnipotent_a god_n by_o sacrifice_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o reverence_n fall_v short_a and_o rest_v upon_o their_o priest_n who_o they_o account_v the_o only_a secretary_n that_o god_n have_v on_o earth_n fear_v their_o interdict_v worse_o than_o death_n itself_o and_o in_o these_o time_n of_o uttermost_a darkness_n hold_v they_o forth_o to_o neighbour_a nation_n to_o instruct_v they_o into_o a_o high_a excellency_n then_o that_o of_o brutish_a man_n in_o their_o civil_a government_n they_o allow_v preeminence_n to_o their_o magistrate_n rather_o than_o supremacy_n and_o have_v many_o chief_n in_o a_o little_a room_n the_o roman_n call_v they_o little_a king_n for_o the_o great_a renown_n of_o their_o empire_n but_o other_o of_o more_o sobriety_n account_v they_o no_o better_a than_o lord_n 5_o caes_n come_v lib._n 5_o of_o liberty_n not_o much_o exceed_v those_o of_o a_o city_n and_o these_o though_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n independent_a upon_o each_o other_o yea_o perpetual_a enemy_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o foreign_a war_n join_v together_o to_o choose_v one_o head_n to_o command_v they_o all_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o german_n 6._o lib._n 6._o as_o caesar_n note_v but_o that_o which_o yet_o clear_v the_o matter_n be_v the_o testimony_n of_o dion_n in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n the_o emperor_n who_o express_o say_v that_o in_o britain_n the_o people_n hold_v the_o helm_n of_o government_n in_o their_o own_o power_n so_o as_o these_o be_v not_o king_n nor_o their_o government_n monarchical_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v regular_a enough_o consider_v the_o rudeness_n that_o in_o those_o day_n overspread_v the_o world_n true_a it_o be_v that_o by_o a_o holy_a man_n this_o nation_n be_v in_o latter_a time_n of_o barbarism_n call_v tyrannorum_fw-la gens_fw-la hieron_n hieron_n the_o word_n be_v take_v mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la or_o from_o a_o common_a repute_n of_o excessive_a cruelty_n or_o oppression_n by_o superior_n as_o touch_v their_o cruelty_n i_o find_v no_o footstep_n in_o story_n somewhat_o reflect_v upon_o their_o sacrifice_n as_o if_o they_o offer_v man_n flesh_n 6._o caes_n come_v 6._o but_o that_o be_v common_a to_o the_o gault_n who_o borrow_v their_o religion_n from_o britain_n and_o it_o
shall_v be_v trouble_v with_o every_o such_o occasion_n and_o therefore_o the_o give_v of_o advice_n to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n what_o course_n he_o shall_v take_v to_o settle_v the_o law_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o instance_n in_o council_n hold_v a_o 1060._o and_o 1070._o and_o to_o gain_v favour_n of_o the_o great_a man_n according_a to_o that_o in_o a_o 1106._o and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o battle_n as_o in_o pag_n 25._o of_o the_o opponent_n discourse_n and_o what_o to_o do_v upon_o the_o read_n of_o the_o pope_n letter_n according_a to_o that_o in_o a_o 1114._o and_o whether_o the_o pope_n legate_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o in_o pag._n 18._o and_o how_o king_n steven_n and_o henry_n shall_v come_v to_o agreement_n as_o a_o 1153._o and_o how_o to_o execute_v law_n by_o judge_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a as_o a_o 1176._o and_o touch_v the_o manner_n of_o ingage_a for_o a_o voyage_n by_o croisado_n to_o jerusalem_n a_o 1189._o and_o to_o give_v answer_n to_o ambassador_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n pag._n 25._o and_o how_o king_n john_n shall_v conclude_v peace_n with_o the_o pope_n a_o 1213._o where_o nevertheless_o math._n paris_n say_v 23._o pag._n 23._o be_v turba_n multa_fw-la nimis_fw-la i_o say_v all_o these_o may_v well_o be_v do_v by_o a_o council_n of_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o any_o posture_n of_o a_o parliament_n albeit_o that_o in_o none_o of_o all_o these_o do_v any_o thing_n appear_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v present_a in_o every_o one_o or_o many_o of_o they_o all_o second_o as_o touch_v judicature_n the_o lord_n have_v much_o power_n therein_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n have_v better_a opportunite_v for_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n especial_o join_v with_o the_o clergy_n than_o the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n of_o deep_a darkness_n wherein_o even_o the_o clergy_n want_v not_o their_o share_n as_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o discourse_n i_o have_v already_o 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deny_v that_o they_o shall_v aid_v the_o king_n with_o any_o more_o money_n winchelsy_n antiq._n brit._n vit_fw-mi winchelsy_n papa_n inconsulto_fw-la the_o king_n hereupon_o disavow_v the_o clergy_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o romish_a oppression_n which_o be_v many_o and_o then_o the_o clergy_n rub_v up_o all_o old_a sore_n and_o exhibit_v their_o complaint_n to_o their_o holy_a father_n 1306._o baronus_fw-la annal_n an._n 1306._o to_o this_o effect_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n justice_n intermeddle_v in_o testamentary_a cause_n account_n of_o executor_n and_o cognisance_n of_o tithe_n especial_o to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o live_n 2._o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v to_o the_o king_n carriage_n that_o the_o king_n mill_n be_v discharge_v from_o pay_v of_o tithe_n that_o clerk_n attend_v on_o the_o exchequer_n be_v necessitate_v to_o nonresidency_a and_o that_o after_o their_o decease_n their_o good_n be_v seize_v till_o their_o account_n be_v make_v that_o ecclesiastical_a possession_n be_v waste_v during_o vacancy_n 3._o that_o clerk_n be_v admit_v to_o free_a chapel_n by_o lay_v man_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n justice_n take_v cognisance_n of_o usury_n defamation_n violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n sacrilege_n oblation_n fence_n of_o the_o churchyard_n and_o mortuary_n 5._o that_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v without_o surmise_n 6._o that_o clerk_n be_v call_v to_o answer_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o crime_n and_o be_v acquit_v the_o informer_n escape_v without_o penalty_n 7._o that_o clerk_n be_v not_o allow_v their_o clergy_n 8._o that_o after_o purgation_n make_v clerk_n be_v question_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o the_o same_o offence_n 9_o that_o person_n in_o sanctuary_n be_v therein_o besiege_v 10._o that_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la issue_v forth_o although_o the_o church_n be_v not_o satisfy_v and_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v imprison_v be_v enlarge_v in_o
and_o terminer_n in_o the_o case_n of_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o darraine_a presentment_n 30._o west_n 2._o cap._n 30._o and_o give_v they_o power_n to_o give_v judgement_n and_o thus_o the_o commons_o gain_v still_o in_o point_n of_o conveniency_n 16._o cap._n 16._o free_a man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o fault_n save_v to_o they_o their_o free_a hold_n and_o to_o merchant_n their_o main_a stock_n and_o to_o villain_n their_o waynage_n and_o clergy_n man_n shall_v be_v amerce_v according_a to_o their_o lay_n fee._n baron_n shall_v be_v amerce_v by_o their_o peer_n other_o by_o the_o vicinage_n in_o this_o regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v first_o of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v then_o of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o and_o last_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o quantity_n of_o amercement_n the_o person_n amerce_v be_v rank_v into_o four_o class_n baron_n clergy_n free_a man_n and_o villain_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o they_o be_v to_o be_v amerce_v they_o be_v but_o two_o baron_n and_o freeman_n for_o the_o clergy_n villain_n and_o free_a man_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n 19_o marlb_n cap._n 19_o in_o what_o court_v these_o amercement_n shall_v be_v the_o stat._n marlbr_n tell_v we_o not_o before_o the_o escheator_n nor_o other_o that_o make_v enquiry_n by_o commission_n or_o writ_n nor_o before_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n or_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o only_o before_o the_o chief_a justice_n or_o justice_n itinerant_a the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n add_v a_o five_o class_n of_o city_n and_o town_n by_o express_a word_n â—_o westm_n 1._o cap._n â—_o which_o seem_v not_o so_o necessary_a unless_o in_o pillage_n and_o oppress_a time_n for_o they_o be_v take_v to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la 4._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sect_n 4._o though_o not_o therein_o name_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o amercement_n be_v now_o set_v down_o in_o general_a and_o leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o vicinage_n which_o former_o by_o the_o saxon_n be_v special_o set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n the_o rule_n in_o general_n be_v with_o a_o ne_fw-fr plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la viz._n not_o further_o or_o more_o than_o that_o the_o party_n amerce_v may_v spare_v and_o yet_o hold_v on_o in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o course_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o it_o must_v be_v also_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o the_o great_a amercement_n must_v not_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o least_o offence_n so_o as_o in_o every_o degree_n the_o main_a sustainance_n of_o the_o party_n be_v save_v yea_o the_o villain_n how_o ever_o mean_v they_o be_v they_o must_v have_v their_o maintenance_n and_o this_o show_v that_o villain_n have_v a_o maintenance_n which_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o under_o the_o gripe_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o all_o intent_n unless_o they_o be_v the_o king_n villain_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v mere_o under_o the_o king_n mercy_n as_o be_v both_o their_o lord_n and_o king_n against_o who_o they_o can_v hold_v nothing_o as_o proper_o their_o own_o and_o therefore_o in_o all_o other_o case_n even_o than_o the_o villain_n be_v bear_v under_o a_o kind_n of_o liberty_n as_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n former_o have_v be_v declare_v which_o the_o law_n protect_v against_o their_o own_o lord_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v repair_n 18._o cap._n 17_o &_o 18._o or_o maintain_v any_o bridge_n bank_n or_o causy_n other_o or_o otherwise_o then_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v repair_v or_o maintain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o limitation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o sheweth_z that_o his_o justice_n be_v such_o as_o maintain_v the_o common_a right_n of_o man_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sect_n 2._o and_o more_o especial_o of_o king_n john_n those_o river_n water_n and_o fishing_n former_o use_v in_o common_a be_v encroach_v upon_o enclose_v and_o appropriate_v to_o particular_a man_n use_n which_o occasion_v many_o bridge_n bank_n and_o causy_n to_o be_v make_v and_o repair_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o private_a man_n all_o which_o be_v discharge_v by_o this_o law_n 19_o cap._n 19_o no_o sheriff_n constable_n coroner_n or_o other_o bailiff_n shall_v hold_v any_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n escheator_n be_v also_o express_v in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la and_o the_o abridgement_n however_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v make_v to_o avoid_v the_o extraordinary_a oppression_n that_o these_o officer_n exercise_v upon_o the_o people_n for_o escheator_n under_o colour_n of_o inquiry_n of_o estate_n of_o man_n will_v inquire_v of_o matter_n concern_v the_o life_n of_o man_n and_o sheriff_n that_o have_v power_n of_o trial_n in_o case_n of_o theft_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v 2._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 8._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o abase_v the_o same_o for_o their_o own_o benefit_n because_o in_o such_o case_n they_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n this_o law_n therefore_o take_v away_o such_o occasion_n viz._n from_o the_o sheriff_n and_o corroner_n and_o bailiff_n or_o justice_n other_o then_o by_o express_a commission_n thereto_o assign_v all_o power_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o trial_n leave_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o power_n of_o inquiry_n of_o which_o ancient_o they_o have_v the_o right_n 20._o cap._n 20._o if_o the_o king_n tenant_n die_v suppose_v in_o arreare_n a_o inventory_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o his_o stock_n by_o honest_a man_n but_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o account_n be_v clear_v and_o the_o overplus_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o executor_n save_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n their_o reasonable_a part_n the_o first_o clause_n hereof_o be_v a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n and_o a_o customary_a law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n 5._o glanv_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 5._o be_v a_o remedy_n against_o a_o old_a norman_a riot_n of_o the_o lord_n seizure_n of_o the_o whole_a personal_a estate_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v under_o colour_n of_o a_o law_n the_o second_o part_n concern_v the_o overplus_n have_v this_o additional_a subjoin_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n if_o any_o free_a man_n die_v intestate_a his_o chattel_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o his_o parent_n and_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o church_n save_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proper_a debt_n and_o thus_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o church_n man_n encroach_v by_o degree_n unto_o a_o great_a power_n in_o matter_n testamentary_a i_o say_v by_o degree_n for_o as_o yet_o by_o this_o law_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v but_o overseer_n or_o eye-witness_n for_o as_o yet_o right_a of_o order_v or_o dispose_v they_o have_v none_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o that_o case_n of_o a_o bastard_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o intestate_a the_o lord_n shall_v have_v his_o personal_a estate_n 16._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o and_o in_o all_o case_n the_o executor_n have_v then_o nothing_o but_o bare_a asset_n and_o the_o overplus_n be_v assign_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n according_a to_o their_o reasonable_a part_n or_o if_o the_o party_n die_v intestate_a the_o next_o friend_n do_v administer_v pay_v the_o debt_n and_o make_v dividend_n of_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o reasonable_a part_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a custom_n still_o continue_v nor_o do_v the_o testimony_n cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n prove_v any_o other_o then_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v free_a power_n to_o order_v his_o estate_n as_o he_o please_v 33._o coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o pag._n 33._o and_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o auncester_n either_o in_o his_o will_n or_o in_o case_n of_o die_v intestate_a by_o the_o custom_n or_o law_n which_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v the_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la no_o purveyance_n for_o any_o castle_n out_o of_o the_o same_o town_n where_o the_o castle_n be_v but_o present_a satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v 21._o cap._n 21._o and_o if_o in_o the_o same_o town_n satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n purveyance_n be_v ancient_a provision_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o public_a and_o so_o far_o be_v commendable_a see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a case_n of_o all_o man_n to_o regard_v the_o public_a above_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n therefore_o the_o public_a must_v provide_v for_o itself_o by_o their_o mean_n in_o who_o the_o public_a be_v most_o concern_v and_o this_o
that_o if_o the_o party_n appeal_v be_v acquit_v the_o appealor_n shall_v not_o only_o render_v damage_n but_o be_v imprison_v for_o a_o year_n the_o county_n court_n shall_v be_v hold_v at_o the_o wont_a time_n 36._o cap._n 36._o the_o tear_v shall_v be_v hold_v at_o the_o accustom_a place_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n viz._n after_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n the_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_n shall_v be_v hold_v at_o michalmas_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o extort_v the_o sheriff_n court_n have_v now_o lose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n though_o for_o time_n and_o place_n they_o be_v confirm_v statu_fw-la quo_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o uncertainty_n thereof_o the_o suitor_n may_v not_o make_v default_n and_o be_v amerce_v yet_o they_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o respect_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o few_o year_n by_o two_o law_n 10_o merton_n cap._n 10_o the_o one_o of_o which_o make_v at_o merton_n allow_v all_o suitor_n to_o the_o rural_a court_n to_o appear_v by_o proxy_n or_o attorney_n which_o it_o seem_v have_v power_n to_o vote_n for_o the_o master_n in_o all_o case_n public_a and_o private_a and_o do_v not_o only_a themselves_o grow_v into_o party_n and_o maintenance_n of_o quarrel_n and_o so_o spoil_v these_o court_n of_o their_o common_a justice_n but_o render_v the_o freeman_n ignorant_a and_o careless_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o country_n and_o give_v over_o to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n and_o though_o the_o corruption_n of_o justice_n be_v soon_o feel_v 33._o west_n 1._o c._n 33._o and_o against_o it_o a_o law_n be_v provide_v viz._n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o allow_v of_o such_o corrupt_a attorney_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o cure_n to_o the_o free_a man_n who_o be_v still_o suffer_v to_o wax_v wanton_a at_o home_n albeit_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v from_o do_v their_o suit_n in_o all_o other_o hundred_o but_o that_o wherein_o they_o dwell_v 10._o marlbr_n cap._n 10._o the_o second_o law_n that_o take_v away_o much_o honour_n from_o these_o court_n be_v that_o law_n at_o marlbridge_n ibid._n ibid._n that_o discharge_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n and_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o attendance_n at_o such_o service_n and_o this_o also_o open_v the_o door_n wide_a to_o oppression_n for_o where_o greatness_n be_v it_o carry_v therewith_o honour_n from_o the_o mean_a sort_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o awe_n and_o stop_v unto_o the_o mind_n of_o such_o man_n that_o otherwise_o will_v riot_n without_o restraint_n and_o though_o it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pretence_n of_o great_a man_n in_o such_o court_n will_v oversway_v the_o mean_a and_o make_v strong_a party_n yet_o it_o must_v also_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o these_o party_n be_v great_a be_v the_o few_o and_o do_v not_o so_o general_o corrupt_v all_o sort_n as_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n do_v it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o wise_a man_n where_o the_o poor_a oppress_v the_o poor_a its_o like_a a_o rage_a rain_n that_o leave_v no_o food_n the_o last_o branch_n in_o this_o law_n be_v a_o inhibition_n to_o the_o sheriff_n from_o extortion_n and_o sure_o there_o be_v great_a need_n and_o much_o more_o need_n than_o ever_o now_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o clergy_n be_v absent_a it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o great_a occasion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n oppression_n be_v from_o above_o i_o mean_v from_o the_o king_n that_o raise_v the_o vallews_n of_o the_o farm_n of_o county_n grant_v to_o the_o sheriff_n 2_o artic._n super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 13_o 14._o stat._n the_o vice_n come_v an._n 9_o e._n 2_o for_o in_o those_o day_n sheriff_n give_v no_o account_n as_o of_o late_a time_n they_o have_v do_v and_o therefore_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n between_o the_o 17_o and_o 18_o chapter_n insert_v this_o clause_n omnes_fw-la commitat_fw-la &_o hundred_o wapentag_n &_o trethingi_n sint_fw-la ad_fw-la antiquas_fw-la firmas_fw-la absque_fw-la ullo_fw-la incremento_fw-la exceptis_fw-la dominicis_fw-la maneriis_fw-la nostris_fw-la but_o this_o do_v not_o work_v the_o work_n although_o it_o take_v away_o occasion_n for_o the_o humour_n be_v feed_v from_o within_o and_o turn_v to_o a_o sore_a upon_o that_o place_n that_o can_v never_o be_v cure_v to_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v the_o wisdom_n of_o time_n find_v other_o help_n to_o keep_v the_o same_o from_o grow_v mortal_a but_o by_o scant_v the_o diet_n and_o take_v away_o that_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o former_o it_o enjoy_v 37._o cap._n 37._o the_o 37_o chapter_n have_v be_v already_o note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o clergy_n next_o forego_v 38._o cap._n 38._o escuage_z shall_v be_v tax_v as_o be_v wont_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n have_v superad_v hereunto_o this_o ensue_a provision_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o escuage_z set_v in_o the_o kingdom_n except_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o the_o king_n person_n make_v of_o his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o one_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o for_o this_o there_o shall_v be_v only_o reasonable_a aid_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n shall_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v set_v and_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z we_o will_v summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n special_o by_o our_o several_a writ_n and_o will_v cause_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o general_a by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o bailiff_n all_o other_o our_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v at_o a_o certain_a day_n after_o forty_o day_n at_o the_o least_o and_o at_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o cause_n in_o all_o our_o writ_n and_o the_o matter_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v shall_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v present_a although_o all_o that_o be_v summon_v do_v not_o come_v and_o we_o will_v not_o allow_v any_o man_n to_o take_v aid_n of_o his_o free_a man_n unless_o for_o redemption_n of_o his_o body_n and_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o one_o marriage_n for_o his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o reasonable_a aid_n only_o thus_o far_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n concern_v this_o point_n of_o tax_n or_o assessment_n and_o if_o the_o history_n say_v true_a the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n then_o either_o this_o be_v not_o leave_v out_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o charter_n in_o that_o historian_n time_n paris_n m._n paris_n or_o if_o it_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o original_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o law_n as_o be_v accustom_v in_o time_n past_a and_o then_o these_o particular_n will_v be_v emergent_a first_o that_o the_o aid_n and_o escuage_z in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n be_v assess_v by_o the_o same_o way_n with_o that_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n for_o that_o all_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o king_n john_n be_v concern_v the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o which_o the_o lord_n swear_v to_o maintain_v second_o 36._o m_o paris_n an._n 1214_o 1215_o 25_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 6._o 34_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 1._o west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o that_o neither_o aid_n nor_o escuage_n be_v grant_v or_o legal_o take_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n although_o the_o rate_n of_o they_o be_v settle_v by_o common_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o fee._n three_o that_o some_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n as_o concern_v such_o matter_n consist_v only_o of_o such_o man_n as_o be_v concern_v by_o way_n of_o such_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenancy_n for_o escuage_n only_o concern_v the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o those_o only_o be_v summon_v unto_o such_o parliament_n as_o only_o concern_v escuage_z nor_o have_v the_o city_n of_o london_n nor_o the_o burgess_n right_a to_o vote_n in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v say_v p._n 258._o and_o thus_o the_o forest_n law_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ri._n 1._o be_v make_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o archbishop_n 445._o hoveden_n 445._o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o what_o the_o great_a man_n gain_v they_o gain_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o in_o those_o time_n although_o public_a damage_n concern_v all_o yet_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o king_n to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o summon_v parliament_n when_o as_o proper_o they_o be_v but_o parliamentary_a meeting_n of_o some_o such_o lord_n clergy_n and_o other_o as_o the_o king_n see_v most_o convenient_a to_o drive_v on_o his_o own_o design_n and_o therefore_o
we_o find_v that_o henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o his_o government_n grow_v towards_o the_o dregs_o he_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o barony_n he_o summon_v unto_o one_o of_o these_o parliamentary_a meeting_n baron_fw-fr gloss_n do_fw-mi baron_fw-fr but_o five_o and_o twenty_o baron_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o of_o his_o clergy_n nevertheless_o the_o law_n of_o king_n john_n be_v still_o the_o same_o and_o we_o can_v right_o read_v the_o law_n in_o such_o precedent_n as_o be_v rather_o the_o birth_n of_o will_n then_o reason_n four_o that_o no_o aid_n be_v then_o grant_v but_o such_o as_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n escuage_z or_o according_a there_o unto_o for_o the_o word_n be_v no_o escuage_z shall_v be_v demand_v or_o grant_v or_o take_v but_o for_o redeem_v the_o king_n person_n knight_v of_o his_o son_n or_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n nor_o be_v the_o way_n of_o assess_v in_o these_o time_n different_a save_v that_o instead_o of_o all_o the_o knight_n two_o only_o be_v now_o choose_v in_o every_o county_n the_o tenure_n as_o it_o seem_v first_o give_v the_o title_n of_o that_o order_n and_o both_o tenure_n and_o order_n now_o change_v into_o that_o title_n take_v up_o for_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n five_o that_o it_o be_v then_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o so_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o that_o the_o advice_n of_o those_o then_o present_a be_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o their_o advice_n pass_v for_o a_o law_n without_o contradiction_n or_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n negative_a voice_n for_o the_o word_n be_v the_o matter_n at_o that_o day_n shall_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v present_a although_o all_o do_v not_o come_v and_o therefore_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n oath_n quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la eligerit_fw-la may_v well_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o future_a and_o not_o in_o the_o pretertence_n last_o of_o all_o though_o not_o gather_v from_o the_o text_n of_o this_o law_n whereof_o we_o treat_v yet_o be_v coincident_a with_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o clergy_n be_v now_o in_o their_o ruffle_n and_o feel_v themselves_o in_o their_o full_a strength_n yet_o there_o befall_v a_o posture_n of_o state_n that_o discover_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o english_a hold_v not_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n or_o necessary_a concurrence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1297._o walse_v an._n 1297._o as_o be_v pretend_v for_o the_o clergy_n find_v assessment_n of_o the_o laity_n so_o heavy_a and_o that_o occasion_n of_o public_a charge_n be_v like_a to_o multiply_v daily_o they_o therefore_o to_o save_v the_o main_a stock_n procure_v a_o inhibition_n from_o rome_n against_o all_o such_o imposition_n from_o the_o laity_n and_o against_o such_o payment_n by_o the_o clergy_n and_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o they_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o aid_n edward_n the_o first_o by_o any_o such_o way_n although_o all_o the_o parliament_n have_v thereunto_o consent_v and_o thus_o have_v divide_v themselves_o from_o the_o parliament_n they_o be_v by_o they_o divide_v from_o it_o and_o not_o only_o out_v of_o all_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n but_o of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o subject_n into_o the_o state_n of_o praemuniri_fw-la and_o thus_o set_v they_o up_o for_o a_o monument_n to_o future_a time_n for_o they_o also_o to_o act_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o man_n as_o occasion_n shall_v offer_v but_o henry_n 3d._o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o ancient_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o assessment_n upon_o ordinary_a occasion_n take_v up_o that_o extraordinary_a course_n of_o assessment_n upon_o all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v former_o take_v up_o only_o in_o that_o extraordinary_a occasion_n of_o redeem_n of_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n person_n out_o of_o captivity_n and_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o land_n from_o piracy_n and_o under_o the_o title_n of_o daneguelt_fw-mi which_o be_v now_o absolute_o dead_a and_o hang_v up_o in_o chain_n as_o a_o monument_n of_o oppression_n nevertheless_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o former_a time_n the_o free_a man_n be_v as_o deep_o tax_v if_o not_o oppress_v with_o payment_n to_o their_o lord_n at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v charge_v over_o to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a as_o by_o the_o latter_a word_n of_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a of_o king_n john_n do_v appear_v and_o whereby_o its_o probable_a that_o the_o inferior_a lord_n be_v gainer_n the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o the_o fame_n suit_v also_o with_o the_o three_o observation_n forego_v do_v not_o a_o little_a favour_n the_o same_o for_o its_o express_o set_v down_o that_o in_o lieu_n of_o the_o king_n confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n aforesaid_a not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n but_o also_o the_o free_a man_n and_o all_o the_o kingdom_n give_v a_o fifteen_o of_o all_o their_o moveable_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o sum_v up_o and_o compare_v both_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n liberty_n save_v two_o particular_n insert_v into_o the_o forest_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v new_a and_o unreasonable_a king_n john_n may_v have_v colour_n to_o except_v against_o they_o as_o extort_a by_o force_n and_z henry_n the_o three_o may_v as_o he_o be_v advise_v plead_v nonage_n 1227._o m._n paris_n an._n 1227._o and_o so_o they_o may_v have_v be_v choke_v in_o their_o birth_n but_o be_v all_o consuetudines_fw-la as_o in_o the_o conclusion_n they_o be_v call_v and_o king_n ashamed_a to_o depend_v upon_o such_o frivolous_a exception_n it_o may_v be_v wonder_v what_o may_v move_v they_o to_o adventure_v so_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o themselves_o into_o so_o many_o trouble_n to_o avoid_v their_o own_o act_n unless_o the_o writing_n of_o they_o be_v a_o obligation_n acknowledge_v before_o the_o world_n and_o they_o resolve_v secret_o to_o be_v under_o none_o be_v loath_a to_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o all_o man_n it_o be_v a_o strange_a vanity_n in_o great_a man_n to_o pretend_v love_n to_o justice_n and_o yet_o not_o endure_v to_o be_v bind_v thereto_o when_o as_o we_o see_v that_o god_n himself_o love_v to_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o word_n and_o to_o have_v it_o plead_v because_o he_o delight_v as_o much_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v true_a in_o perform_v as_o good_a in_o promise_v but_o neither_o be_v king_n john_n or_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o this_o spirit_n fain_o they_o will_v undo_v but_o can_v not_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o but_o a_o king_n charter_n of_o confirmation_n and_o have_v king_n be_v patient_a therewith_o it_o may_v have_v grow_v no_o big_a but_o by_o opposition_n it_o root_v deep_a and_o grow_v up_o unto_o the_o stature_n of_o a_o statute_n and_o settle_v so_o fast_o as_o it_o can_v never_o be_v void_v but_o by_o surrender_n from_o the_o whole_a body_n 5._o marlbr_n cap._n 5._o have_v thus_o sum_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o free_a man_n of_o england_n under_o this_o charter_n i_o shall_v make_v some_o appendix_n hereunto_o by_o annex_v a_o few_o additional_o in_o these_o time_n establish_v and_o although_o they_o come_v not_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n yet_o be_v they_o subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o and_o first_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o this_o either_o as_o he_o be_v king_n or_o as_o he_o be_v lord_n as_o king_n he_o have_v these_o prerogative_n above_o all_o lord_n 9_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 9_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o fool_n and_o idiot_n land_n for_o their_o maintenance_n and_o shall_v render_v the_o same_o to_o their_o heir_n and_o concern_v madman_n and_o lunatic_n 10._o cap._n 10._o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v a_o baylisse_n for_o their_o maintenance_n render_v account_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v sober_a or_o to_o their_o administrator_n it_o be_v no_o less_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n that_o fool_n and_o mad_a person_n be_v to_o be_v order_v by_o tutor_n than_o child_n and_o therefore_o this_o may_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o law_n take_v they_o into_o their_o regard_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a rather_o than_o out_o of_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o person_n now_o because_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o disability_n
church-government_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 146._o xviii_o of_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n fol._n 162._o xix_o of_o the_o court_n of_o crown_n plas_n and_o common_a law_n foe_n 165_o xx._n concern_v sheriff_n fol._n 168._o xxi_o of_o justice_n and_o law_n concern_v the_o peace_n fol._n 170._o xxii_o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 175._o xxiii_o a_o short_a survey_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o edward_z the_o five_o and_z richard_z the_o three_o fol._n 181._o xxiv_o of_o the_o government_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o parliament_n fol._n 187._o xxv_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o clergy_n fol._n 191._o xxvi_o a_o short_a sum_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o henry_n the_o eight_o fol._n 194._o xxvii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o crown_n fol._n 202._o xxviii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o these_o time_n fol._n 223._o xxix_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o convocation_n f._n 229._o xxx_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n fol._n 232._o xxxi_o of_o judicature_n fol._n 241._o xxxii_o of_o the_o militia_n fol._n 245._o xxxiii_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 253._o xxxiv_o of_o the_o general_a government_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o queen_n marry_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n fol._n 259._o xxxv_o of_o the_o supreme_a power_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 268._o xxxvi_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 277._o xxxvii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a during_o these_o last_o time_n fol._n 283._o xxxviii_o of_o the_o militia_n in_o these_o late_a time_n fol._n 290._o thirty-nine_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 297._o xl._n a_o summary_n conclusion_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n fol._n 300._o a_o preface_n contain_v a_o vindication_n of_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n the_o more_o word_n the_o more_o fault_n be_v a_o divine_a maxim_n that_o have_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o publish_n of_o this_o second_o part_n for_o some_o time_n but_o observe_v the_o ordinary_a humour_n still_o draw_v off_o and_o pass_v a_o harsh_a censure_n upon_o my_o intention_n in_o my_o first_o part_n than_o i_o expect_v i_o do_v proceed_v to_o fulfil_v my_o course_n that_o if_o censure_n will_v be_v it_o may_v be_v upon_o better_a ground_n when_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v before_o herein_o i_o shall_v once_o more_o mind_n that_o i_o meddle_v not_o with_o the_o theological_a right_n of_o king_n or_o other_o power_n but_o with_o the_o civil_a right_n in_o fact_n now_o in_o hand_n and_o because_o some_o man_n pen_n of_o late_a have_v range_v into_o a_o denial_n of_o the_o commons_o ancient_a right_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o other_o even_o to_o adnull_v the_o right_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o commons_o therein_o resolve_v all_o such_o power_n into_o that_o one_o principle_n of_o a_o king_n quicquid_fw-la libet_fw-la licet_fw-la so_o make_v the_o breach_n much_o wide_a then_o at_o the_o beginning_n i_o shall_v intend_v my_o course_n against_o both_o as_o touch_v the_o commons_o right_a joint_o with_o the_o lord_n it_o will_v be_v the_o main_a end_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o as_o touch_v the_o commons_o right_a in_o competition_n with_o the_o lord_n i_o will_v first_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n what_o i_o find_v publish_v in_o a_o late_a tractate_n concern_v that_o matter_n and_o so_o proceed_v upon_o the_o whole_a the_o subject_n of_o that_o discourse_n consist_v of_o three_o part_n one_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o ancient_a parliament_n before_o the_o thirteen_o century_n consist_v only_o of_o those_o who_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o other_o that_o both_o the_o legislative_a and_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o parliament_n rest_v whole_o in_o they_o last_o that_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v not_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o till_o puny_a time_n than_o these_o this_o last_o will_v be_v grant_v viz._n that_o these_o several_a title_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v not_o know_v in_o parliament_n till_o of_o late_a time_n nevertheless_o it_o will_v be_v insist_v upon_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o there_o the_o second_o will_v be_v grant_v but_o in_o part_n viz._n that_o the_o lord_n have_v much_o power_n in_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o neither_o the_o sole_a nor_o the_o whole_a the_o first_o be_v absolute_o deny_v neither_o be_v the_o same_o prove_v by_o any_o one_o instance_n or_o pregnant_a ground_n in_o all_o that_o book_n and_o therefore_o not_o clear_o demonstrate_v by_o history_n and_o record_n beyond_o contradiction_n as_o the_o title_n page_n of_o that_o book_n do_v hold_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n first_o because_o not_o one_o instance_n in_o all_o that_o book_n be_v exclusive_a to_o the_o commons_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a argument_n of_o the_o discourse_n will_v conclude_v ab_fw-la authoritate_fw-la negativa_fw-la which_o be_v no_o argument_n in_o humane_a testimony_n at_o all_o second_o the_o great_a number_n of_o instance_n in_o that_o book_n be_v by_o he_o suppose_v to_o concern_v parliament_n or_o general_a council_n of_o this_o nation_n hold_v by_o the_o representative_a thereof_o whereas_o indeed_o they_o be_v either_o but_o synodical_a convention_n for_o church_n matter_n whereunto_o the_o poor_a commons_o he_o well_o know_v may_v not_o come_v unless_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o canon_n dint_n or_o if_o they_o do_v yet_o have_v no_o other_o work_n there_o then_o to_o hear_v learn_v and_o receive_v law_n from_o the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o the_o lord_n themselves_o though_o present_a yet_o under_o no_o other_o notion_n be_v they_o then_o as_o council_n to_o the_o king_n who_o they_o can_v not_o cast_v out_o of_o their_o council_n till_o after_o age_n though_o they_o often_o endeavour_v it_o three_o the_o author_n of_o that_o tractate_n also_o well_o know_v that_o king_n usual_o make_v grant_n and_o infeodation_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n without_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o true_a that_o king_n with_o the_o lord_n do_v in_o their_o several_a age_n exercise_v ordinary_o jurisdiction_n in_o case_n of_o distributive_a justice_n especial_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n for_o the_o step_n be_v easy_a from_o be_v commander_n in_o war_n to_o be_v lord_n in_o peace_n but_o hard_o to_o lay_v down_o that_o power_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o justice_n which_o they_o have_v usurp_v in_o the_o rude_a time_n of_o the_o sword_n when_o man_n labour_v for_o life_n rather_o than_o liberty_n and_o no_o less_o difficult_a to_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o their_o deportment_n in_o command_v of_o soldier_n and_o govern_v of_o countryman_n till_o peace_n by_o continuance_n have_v reduce_v they_o to_o a_o little_a more_o sobriety_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v irrational_a that_o private_a difference_n between_o party_n and_o party_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o more_o private_a way_n then_o to_o trouble_v the_o whole_a representative_a of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o matter_n of_o so_o mean_a concernment_n if_o then_o those_o council_n mention_v by_o the_o author_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o infeodation_n and_o matter_n of_o judicature_n be_v take_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o precedent_n bring_v by_o he_o to_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aim_v at_o i_o suppose_v scarce_o one_o stone_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o a_o foundation_n to_o such_o a_o glory_v structure_n as_o be_v pretend_v in_o the_o title_n page_n of_o that_o book_n and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o where_o such_o occasion_n have_v befall_v the_o parliament_n sit_v it_o have_v close_v with_o they_o as_o thing_n take_v up_o by_o the_o way_n four_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o author_n have_v also_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o record_n of_o antiquity_n pass_v through_o if_o not_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n only_o and_o they_o may_v think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o honour_v their_o write_n with_o the_o great_a title_n of_o man_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n omit_v the_o commons_o as_o not_o worthy_a of_o mention_n and_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o then_o present_a as_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o be_v in_o some_o of_o the_o particular_a instance_n ensue_v to_o which_o we_o come_v now_o in_o a_o more_o punctual_a consideration_n the_o first_o of_o these_o by_o his_o own_o word_n appear_v to_o be_v a_o church-mote_n or_o synod_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 673._o call_v by_o the_o archbishop_n who_o have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n than_o the_o author_n himself_o have_v and_o the_o several_a conclusion_n make_v therein_o do_v all_o show_v that_o the_o people_n have_v no_o work_n
there_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o several_a relation_n thereof_o make_v by_o matthew_n westminster_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n a_o author_n that_o he_o make_v much_o use_n of_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v bold_a to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n of_o he_o that_o i_o can_v likewise_o in_o vindicate_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n for_o whatever_o this_o council_n be_v it_o be_v the_o less_o material_a see_v the_o same_o author_n recite_v a_o precedent_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n within_o six_o year_n after_o augustine_n entry_n into_o this_o island_n which_o be_v long_o before_o this_o council_n which_o bring_v on_o the_o vann_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o opponent_n instance_n which_o king_n call_v a_o council_n style_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n 126._o pag._n 126._o and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o same_o a_o law_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n si_fw-mi rex_fw-la populum_fw-la convocaverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o both_o which_o its_o evident_a that_o in_o those_o time_n there_o be_v council_n hold_v by_o the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o magnate_v or_o optimates_fw-la his_o next_o instance_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 694._o which_o be_v of_o a_o council_n hold_v by_o the_o great_a man_n but_o no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o this_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o parliament_n albeit_o that_o he_o may_v have_v find_v both_o abbatess_n or_o woman_n and_o presbyter_n to_o be_v member_n of_o that_o assembly_n and_o for_o default_n of_o better_a attest_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o same_o notwithstanding_o the_o canon_n nemo_fw-la militans_fw-la deo_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o i_o must_v also_o mind_v he_o that_o the_o same_o author_n recite_v a_o council_n hold_v by_o king_n ina_n suasu_fw-la omnium_fw-la aldermannorum_fw-la &_o seniorum_fw-la &_o sapientum_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o all_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o conclude_v within_o the_o lordly_a dignity_n the_o three_o instance_n can_v have_v no_o better_a success_n unless_o he_o will_v have_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v allow_v power_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n or_o allow_v the_o archbishop_n power_n to_o do_v that_o service_n by_o the_o pope_n command_n for_o by_o that_o authority_n this_o what_o ever_o it_o be_v be_v call_v if_o we_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o relation_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n who_o also_o recite_v another_o council_n within_o three_o leaf_n forego_v this_o 212._o council_n britt_n pag._n 212._o call_v by_o wither_a at_o barkhamstead_n unto_o which_o the_o clergy_n be_v summon_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la viris_fw-la utique_fw-la militaribus_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la assensu_fw-la have_v leges_fw-la decrevere_fw-la so_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o those_o time_n 194._o ibid._n pa._n 194._o soldier_n or_o knight_n be_v in_o the_o common_a counsel_n as_o well_o as_o other_o great_a men._n in_o the_o next_o place_n he_o bring_v in_o a_o council_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 747._o 245._o ibid._n pa._n 242._o 245._o which_o if_o the_o archbishop_n be_v then_o therein_o precedent_n as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v no_o parliament_n but_o a_o church-mote_n and_o all_o the_o conclusion_n in_o the_o same_o do_v testify_v no_o less_o they_o be_v every_o one_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n 219._o pag._n 219._o and_o furthermore_o before_o this_o time_n the_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o cit_v this_o council_n mention_v another_o council_n hold_v by_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n lord_n earl_n and_o all_o the_o wise_a old_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o conclude_v of_o the_o intermarriage_n between_o the_o briton_n pict_n and_o saxon_n which_o former_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o allow_v and_o the_o same_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n mention_v by_o the_o same_o penman_n note_v that_o his_o endowment_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o glastenbury_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a man_n but_z cum_fw-la praesentia_fw-la populationis_fw-la and_o he_o say_v that_o omnes_fw-la confirmaverunt_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o mention_v as_o a_o work_n necessary_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o parliament_n yet_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v hold_v expedient_a as_o the_o case_n then_o stand_v forty_o year_n after_o he_o meet_v with_o another_o council_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o parliament_n also_o but_o be_v none_o unless_o he_o will_v allow_v the_o pope_n legate_n power_n to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 787._o and_o have_v he_o due_o consider_v the_o return_n make_v by_o the_o pope_n legate_n of_o the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n 300._o pag._n 300._o which_o be_v also_o publish_v by_o the_o same_o author_n he_o may_v have_v find_v that_o the_o legate_n say_v that_o they_o be_v propound_v in_o public_a council_n before_o the_o king_n archbishop_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o the_o kingdom_n senator_n duke_n or_o captain_n and_o people_n of_o the_o land_n and_o they_o all_o consent_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o then_o he_o bring_v in_o a_o council_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 793._o which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o list_n of_o parliament_n if_o he_o have_v consider_v how_o improper_a it_o be_v to_o construe_v provinciale_a tenuit_fw-la concilium_fw-la for_o a_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v need_v no_o further_o to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n therewith_o the_o two_o next_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v anno_fw-la 974._o before_o nine_o king_n fifteen_o bishop_n twenty_o duke_n etc._n etc._n which_o for_o aught_o appear_v may_v comprehend_v all_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o be_v no_o parliament_n of_o one_o nation_n but_o a_o party_n of_o many_o nation_n for_o some_o great_a matter_n no_o doubt_n yet_o nothing_o in_o particular_a mention_v but_o the_o solemn_a lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o saint-albans_n what_o manner_n of_o council_n the_o next_o be_v appear_v not_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v therefrom_o but_o that_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 796._o that_o council_n which_o be_v next_o produce_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 800._o and_o be_v call_v in_o great_a letter_n concilium_fw-la provinciale_a which_o he_o can_v gramatical_o construe_v to_o be_v a_o parliament_n yet_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v viri_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la and_o the_o king_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n say_v concern_v it_o 321._o pag._n 321._o visum_fw-la est_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la so_o as_o it_o seem_v by_o this_o and_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o though_o the_o church-mote_n invent_v the_o particular_a conclusion_n yet_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o witagen-mote_n to_o judge_n and_o conclude_v they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n but_o the_o next_o three_o precedent_n bring_v by_o the_o opponent_n be_v all_o of_o they_o church-mote_n 328._o council_n brit._n pag._n 328._o for_o the_o first_o of_o they_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 816._o be_v call_v a_o synod_n and_o both_o priest_n and_o deacon_n be_v there_o present_a which_o be_v no_o member_n of_o parliament_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o they_o all_o of_o they_o do_v pariter_fw-la tractare_fw-la de_fw-la necessarijs_fw-la &_o utilitatibus_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la the_o second_o of_o they_o be_v call_v a_o synodall_n council_n hold_v anno_fw-la 822._o and_o yet_o there_o be_v then_o present_a omnium_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la optimates_fw-la which_o can_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o those_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n because_o they_o ought_v all_o to_o be_v personal_o present_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o optimacy_n among_o they_o the_o last_o of_o these_o three_o be_v call_v synodale_n conciliabulum_fw-la a_o petty_a synod_n in_o great_a letter_n 334._o council_n brit._n pag._n 334._o and_o beside_o there_o be_v with_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n many_o wise_a man_n and_o in_o all_o these_o respect_v it_o can_v be_v a_o parliament_n only_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n the_o next_o council_n say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o year_n 823._o not_o also_o be_v call_v proper_o a_o parliament_n but_o only_o a_o consultation_n between_o two_o king_n and_o their_o council_n to_o prevent_v the_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o the_o atte_v of_o the_o king_n chapplain_v and_o his_o scribe_n do_v show_v also_o that_o they_o be_v not_o all_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o council_n cite_v by_o the_o opponent_n in_o the_o next_o place_n be_v hold_v a_o 838._o be_v only_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o council_n for_o law_n or_o
judicature_n to_o determine_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o king_n grant_v make_v to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v no_o proper_a work_n for_o a_o parliament_n unless_o it_o befall_v during_o the_o sit_v of_o the_o same_o the_o next_o be_v but_o a_o bare_a title_n of_o a_o council_n suppose_v to_o be_v hold_v an._n 850._o and_o not_o worth_a its_o room_n for_o it_o neither_o show_v whether_o any_o thing_n be_v conclude_v nor_o what_o the_o conclusion_n be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o next_o council_n allege_v to_o be_v hold_v an._n 851._o be_v to_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o croyland_n and_o to_o determine_v concern_v affair_n belong_v to_o the_o mercian_n and_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o parliament_n for_o that_o people_n it_o may_v be_v worthy_a of_o inquiry_n how_o regular_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o the_o ambassador_n from_o the_o west_n saxon_n can_v fit_v among_o they_o and_o attest_v the_o conclusion_n therein_o make_v as_o well_o as_o the_o proper_a member_n of_o that_o nation_n he_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o council_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 855._o which_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o be_v a_o parliament_n than_o most_o of_o they_o former_o mention_v if_o the_o tithe_n of_o all_o england_n be_v therein_o give_v to_o the_o church_n but_o hereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o my_o opinion_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o discourse_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o no_o knight_n and_o burgess_n be_v therein_o mention_v as_o the_o opponent_n observe_v out_o of_o the_o title_n yet_o if_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n be_v due_o consider_v towards_o the_o conclusion_n thereof_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v present_a fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la regium_fw-la chirographum_fw-la laudaverunt_fw-la dignitates_fw-la verò_fw-la sva_fw-la nomina_fw-la subscripserunt_fw-la 350._o council_n brit._n pag._n 350._o and_o yet_o the_o witagen-mote_n in_o these_o time_n begin_v to_o be_v rare_a be_v continual_o inrerrupt_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o three_o next_o council_n allege_v to_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 930._o 944._o 948._o be_v doubtless_o of_o inferior_a value_n as_o the_o matter_n therein_o conclude_v be_v of_o inferior_a regard_n be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o pass_n of_o the_o king_n grant_n infeodation_n and_o confirmation_n the_o council_n mention_v to_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 965._o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o the_o next_o forego_n 480._o council_n brit._n pag._n 480._o by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n which_o call_v itself_o a_o general_a council_n not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o general_a confluence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o laity_n but_o because_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n do_v then_o meet_v the_o primi_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la be_v there_o who_o these_o be_v be_v not_o mention_v but_o its_o evident_a that_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n be_v there_o and_o that_o both_o he_o and_o diverse_a that_o be_v call_v ministri_fw-la regis_fw-la attest_v the_o conclusion_n it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o make_v out_o how_o these_o shall_v be_v member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o more_o difficult_a to_o show_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o attest_v of_o the_o act_n of_o these_o council_n which_o the_o opponent_n call_v parliament_n we_o find_v so_o few_o of_o the_o laity_n that_o scarce_o twelve_o be_v mention_v in_o any_o one_o of_o they_o and_o those_o to_o descend_v so_o low_a as_o the_o ministri_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n five_o more_o of_o these_o instance_n remain_v before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 975._o and_o in_o a_o time_n when_o no_o parliament_n 490._o council_n britt_n pag._n 490._o according_a to_o the_o opponent_n principle_n can_v sit_v for_o it_o be_v a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o two_o next_o be_v only_a synod_n to_o determine_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o reguler_o and_o the_o seculer_o in_o the_o king_n absence_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v under_o age_n and_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 977_o and_o 1009._o but_o it_o be_v not_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o matter_n to_o debate_v their_o date_n the_o last_o two_o be_v meeting_n or_o court_n for_o judicature_n to_o determine_v the_o crime_n of_o treason_n which_o every_o one_o know_v be_v determinable_a by_o inferior_a court_n before_o the_o high_a steward_n or_o judge_n and_o therefore_o not_o so_o peculiar_a to_o a_o parliament_n as_o to_o be_v make_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o existence_n and_o thus_o be_v we_o at_o a_o end_n of_o all_o the_o instance_n bring_v by_o the_o opponent_n to_o prove_v that_o parliament_n before_o the_o norman_a time_n consist_v of_o those_o who_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o lord_n all_o which_o i_o shall_v shut_v up_o with_o two_o other_o note_n take_v 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ignoble_a and_o where_o the_o choice_n be_v small_a it_o be_v soon_o make_v rome_n hold_v now_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o church_n of_o europe_n at_o school_n the_o saxon_n soon_o resolve_v rome_n that_o have_v be_v their_o mother_n shall_v be_v also_o their_o father_n and_o thus_o at_o one_o draught_n they_o drink_v up_o a_o potion_n of_o the_o whole_a hierarchy_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o the_o apparator_n with_o a_o quicquid_fw-la imponitur_fw-la &_o imponetur_fw-la which_o be_v of_o such_o last_a efficacy_n that_o it_o cease_v not_o to_o work_v even_o to_o this_o day_n although_o it_o be_v slow_a in_o the_o first_o provocation_n for_o the_o saxon_n have_v a_o commonweal_n found_v in_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o it_o be_v a_o masterpiece_n for_o austen_n and_o the_o clergy_n so_o to_o work_v as_o to_o remain_v member_n of_o this_o commonweal_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o heart_n for_o rome_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v almost_o to_o the_o pitch_n of_o that_o antichrist_n for_o reason_n must_v needs_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o saxon_a principle_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v ad_fw-la omne_fw-la for_o rome_n nor_o the_o roman_a canon_n allow_v they_o to_o be_v whole_o saxon_n and_o they_o see_v plain_o that_o the_o time_n be_v too_o tender_a to_o endure_v they_o to_o be_v declarative_a on_o either_o part_n and_o therefore_o they_o choose_v a_o three_o way_n which_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o municipal_a law_n in_o moderation_n towards_o the_o canon_n and_o to_o that_o end_n to_o endeavour_v such_o a_o temper_n upon_o the_o state_n as_o must_v admit_v they_o to_o be_v in_o repute_n such_o as_o without_o who_o the_o commonweal_n can_v not_o well_o subsist_v no_o more_o than_o a_o body_n without_o a_o soul_n and_o that_o few_o occasion_n shall_v befall_v but_o at_o least_o in_o ordine_fw-la remoto_fw-la must_v reflect_v upon_o both_o and_o then_o all_o reason_n will_v be_v speak_v they_o to_o join_v in_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o especial_o as_o bishop_n who_o be_v now_o magnae_fw-la spes_fw-la altera_fw-la romae_fw-la and_o the_o very_a top-flower_n of_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n and_o unto_o this_o temper_n the_o saxon_n be_v sufficient_o prepare_v and_o inclinable_a for_o it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o they_o to_o admit_v their_o heathenish_a priest_n into_o their_o general_a meeting_n and_o allow_v they_o much_o power_n therein_o and_o then_o it_o be_v but_o the_o person_n change_v and_o they_o must_v do_v as_o much_o for_o their_o bishop_n now_o they_o be_v become_v christian_a especial_o themselves_o be_v all_o for_o the_o field_n and_o overgrow_v with_o a_o general_a ignorance_n the_o common_a disease_n of_o those_o time_n king_n be_v in_o no_o betee_a condition_n it_o be_v hard_o for_o they_o to_o be_v baptize_v and_o not_o to_o be_v baptize_v into_o rome_n and_o common_o under_o such_o a_o covenant_n as_o though_o many_o may_v repent_v of_o yet_o none_o dare_v amend_v for_o when_o as_o the_o pope_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o people_n the_o king_n power_n may_v sometime_o outface_v but_o can_v never_o govern_v the_o saxon_a king_n be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o make_v a_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n and_o advance_v bishop_n to_o be_v common_a favourite_n both_o of_o rome_n and_o themselves_o to_o maintain_v good_a correspondency_n between_o both_o sword_n and_o to_o countenance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o temporal_a magistrate_n in_o case_n of_o dispute_n else_o he_o may_v oftentimes_o command_v and_o yet_o go_v without_o thus_o enter_v the_o prelate_n upon_o affair_n of_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o become_v lover_n of_o lordship_n and_o troubler_n of_o state_n and_o if_o in_o any_o thing_n they_o serve_v their_o country_n they_o serve_v rome_n much_o more_o their_o merchandise_n be_v make_v of_o the_o policy_n and_o counsel_n of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o state_n and_o such_o return_n proceed_v as_o be_v still_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o roman_a interest_n and_o they_o so_o intoxicated_a the_o domestic_a counsel_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o general_o stagger_v and_o many_o time_n come_v short_a of_o home_n nevertheless_o at_o the_o first_o this_o be_v but_o rare_a clancular_a and_o cover_v with_o much_o modesty_n for_o except_v such_o choice_a spirit_n as_o austen_n have_v roman_n prelacy_n in_o these_o young_a time_n be_v but_o velvet-headed_n and_o endure_v not_o much_o greatness_n or_o big_a title_n but_o speak_v like_o a_o lamb_n ego_fw-la non_fw-la verbis_fw-la quaero_fw-la prosperari_fw-la sed_fw-la moribus_fw-la say_v this_o gregory_n to_o the_o alexandrian_a bishop_n who_o have_v put_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o universal_a bishop_n or_o pope_n eulog_n greg._n epist_n ad_fw-la eulog_n and_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o a_o way_n of_o courtship_n call_v gregory_n counsel_n command_v he_o startle_v at_o it_o quod_fw-la verbum_fw-la jussionis_fw-la say_v he_o peto_o a_o meo_fw-la auditu_fw-la removere_fw-la quia_fw-la scio_fw-la quis_fw-la sum_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la estis_fw-la thus_o prelacy_n first_o convey_v itself_o into_o opinion_n afterward_o into_o conscience_n and_o ambition_n come_v in_o the_o rear_n make_v it_o become_v both_o bishop_n and_o lord_n chap._n vii_o of_o metropolitan_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o elder_a time_n and_o therein_o first_o of_o the_o person_n with_o their_o relation_n then_o of_o their_o work_n and_o last_o of_o their_o court_n and_o law_n and_o now_o in_o hand_n with_o the_o ecclesiastical_a person_n i_o shall_v descend_v to_o their_o particular_a rank_n or_o degree_n and_o shall_v show_v what_o they_o be_v in_o their_o original_n and_o what_o overplus_n they_o have_v by_o law_n and_o first_o concern_v the_o metropolitan_a in_o his_o original_n his_o office_n be_v to_o visit_v the_o bishop_n admonish_v and_o exhort_v they_o and_o in_o full_a synod_n to_o correct_v such_o disorder_n as_o the_o bishop_n can_v not_o reform_v and_o in_o all_o thing_n to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o prescript_n canon_n 258._o council_n brit._n p._n 258._o thus_o witness_v boniface_n a_o archbishop_n to_o a_o archbishop_n of_o a_o archbishop_n not_o according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v write_v but_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a rule_n for_o long_o before_o boniface_n his_o time_n archbishop_n be_v swell_v beyond_o the_o gird_v of_o the_o canon_n 745._o an._n 745._o and_o before_o that_o england_n be_v honour_v with_o that_o rank_n of_o man_n metropolitan_o be_v become_v metronomians_n and_o above_o all_o rule_n but_o that_o of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o through_o common_a custom_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o any_o other_o so_o as_o if_o england_n will_v have_v they_o it_o must_v be_v content_a to_o have_v they_o with_o their_o fault_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o
discourse_v of_o the_o person_n and_o precinct_n it_o now_o befall_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n by_o the_o saxon_a prelate_n which_o be_v not_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o narrow_a closet_n of_o private_a opinion_n but_o state_v and_o regulate_v by_o public_a council_n as_o well_o in_o the_o make_n as_o execute_v of_o law_n already_o make_v this_o course_n be_v learn_v from_o antiquity_n 263._o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 3._o foe_n 263._o and_o enforce_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o roman_a constitution_n in_o the_o case_n that_o concern_v archbishop_n theodore_n and_o wilfrid_n upon_o this_o ground_n quod_fw-la enim_fw-la multorum_fw-la concilio_fw-la geritur_fw-la nulli_fw-la consentientium_fw-la ingerat_fw-la scandalum_fw-la these_o be_v most_o ordinary_o call_v synod_n although_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o relator_n call_v also_o counsel_n and_o be_v either_o diocessan_n or_o provincial_n or_o nationall_n and_o these_o either_o particular_a or_o general_a 930._o baronus_fw-la an._n 930._o the_o general_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o such_o be_v the_o synod_n under_o archbishop_n dunstan_n call_v the_o nationall_n synod_n be_v diverse_o call_v sometime_o by_o the_o pope_n sometime_o by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o first_o move_v occasion_n concern_v either_o of_o they_o for_o pope_n agatho_n in_o a_o synod_n at_o rome_n order_v that_o a_o synod_n shall_v be_v call_v in_o saxony_n viz_o england_n sacrosancta_fw-la authoritate_fw-la &_o nostra_fw-la synodali_n unitate_fw-la 680._o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 3._o p_o 163._o an._n 680._o and_o many_o legatine_n synod_n in_o succeed_a time_n demonstrate_v the_o same_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n also_o call_v they_o upon_o occasion_n be_v obvious_a through_o all_o the_o counsel_n and_o needless_a to_o instance_n among_o so_o many_o particular_n the_o provincial_n synod_n be_v sometime_o convocate_v by_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o archbishop_n 318._o council_n brit._n p._n 191_o 310_o &_o 318._o and_o sometime_o joint_o the_o diocessan_n be_v call_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o nationall_n and_o provincial_n sometime_o king_n moderate_v alone_o sometime_o the_o archbishop_n alone_o and_o sometime_o they_o join_v together_o 387._o ibid._n 316_o 318_o 387._o the_o assistant_n be_v other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o degree_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o whole_o exclude_v for_o in_o a_o synod_n under_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n abbatiss_n be_v present_a and_o attest_v the_o act_n of_o that_o synod_n together_o with_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o great_a degree_n the_o matter_n in_o action_n be_v either_o the_o make_n or_o execute_v of_o law_n for_o government_n and_o because_o few_o law_n pass_v that_o do_v not_o some_o way_n reflect_v upon_o the_o king_n and_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o clergy_n the_o king_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n present_v and_o always_o the_o lord_n and_o other_o yet_o if_o the_o matter_n concern_v the_o church_n in_o the_o first_o act_n the_o king_n though_o present_a the_o archbishop_n be_v nevertheless_o precedent_n 387._o council_n brit._n 245_o 327_o 387._o as_o it_o befall_v at_o a_o synod_n at_o clevershoe_n an._n 747._o and_o another_o at_o celchith_n an._n 816._o and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o elder_a though_o the_o synod_n be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n yet_o the_o archbishop_n be_v precedent_n concern_v all_o which_o it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o sum_n well_o conceive_v that_o the_o pen_n of_o the_o counsel_n aforesaid_a either_o the_o clergy_n be_v the_o penman_n be_v partial_a or_o negligent_a in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o right_a form_n and_o that_o the_o king_n call_v these_o assembly_n by_o instance_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o sometime_o preside_v in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o sometime_o depute_v the_o archbishop_n thereto_o the_o execute_n of_o law_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n leave_v to_o the_o diocesan_n synod_n yet_o when_o the_o case_n concern_v great_a man_n the_o more_o general_a counsel_n have_v the_o cognisance_n and_o therein_o proceed_v strict_o spare_v no_o person_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o example_n we_o find_v hereof_o 479._o m_o westm_n an._n 955_o 958._o council_n brit._n 479._o among_o other_o of_o one_o incestuous_a lord_n and_o two_o delinquent_a king_n edwy_n and_o edgar_n nay_o they_o spare_v not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o cenulphus_n the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n wilfrid_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v under_o interdict_v for_o six_o year_n space_n and_o no_o baptism_n administer_v all_o that_o time_n 332._o ibid._n 332._o nor_o be_v they_o very_o nice_a in_o meddle_v with_o matter_n beyond_o their_o sphere_n even_o with_o matter_n of_o property_n for_o at_o a_o provincial_a council_n for_o so_o it_o be_v call_v they_o bear_v all_o down_o before_o they_o even_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n between_o cenulphus_n the_o king_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n concern_v the_o monastery_n of_o cotham_n 334._o ibid._n 319_o 332._o council_n brit._n p._n 334._o the_o like_a also_o of_o another_o synod_n concern_v the_o monastery_n of_o westburgh_n it_o be_v true_a the_o lord_n be_v present_a and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v do_v in_o their_o right_n yet_o the_o clergy_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o beget_v the_o child_n and_o the_o lay-lord_n only_o may_v challenge_v right_a to_o the_o name_n this_o concurrence_n of_o the_o laity_n with_o the_o clergy_n contract_v much_o business_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v a_o customary_a power_n which_o once_o root_v the_o clergy_n after_o they_o see_v their_o time_n though_o not_o without_o difficulty_n turn_v both_o king_n and_o lord_n out_o and_o shut_v the_o door_n after_o they_o and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o whole_a by_o survivorship_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o the_o particular_a diocesan_n synod_n be_v as_o i_o say_v call_v by_o the_o bishop_n within_o their_o several_a diocese_n the_o work_n therein_o be_v to_o preach_v the_o word_n as_o a_o preparative_n then_o to_o visit_v &_o inquire_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n 9_o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap_n 9_o and_o of_o all_o matter_n of_o scandal_n and_o they_o to_o correct_v these_o synod_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v twice_o every_o year_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o any_o matter_n too_o hard_o for_o they_o to_o reform_v they_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o provincial_n or_o nationall_n synod_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a as_o the_o power_n of_o synod_n grow_v by_o degree_n so_o do_v also_o their_o work_n both_o which_o do_v mutual_o breed_v and_o feed_v each_o other_o 446._o heresy_n an._n 446._o their_o work_n consist_v in_o the_o reform_n and_o settle_v matter_n of_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o which_o first_o occasion_v the_o use_n of_o synod_n in_o this_o island_n the_o pelagian_a heresy_n bring_v in_o the_o first_o precedent_n of_o synod_n that_o we_o have_v extant_a and_o herein_o it_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o denial_n but_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o church_n the_o teacher_n be_v the_o principal_a judge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o error_n and_o heresy_n as_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n as_o the_o church_n be_v the_o best_a guide_n to_o every_o christian_a in_o his_o first_o instruction_n in_o the_o principle_n but_o after_o some_o growth_n there_o be_v that_o in_o every_o church_n and_o christian_n that_o make_v itself_o party_n in_o judge_v of_o truth_n and_o error_n joint_o with_o the_o first_o teacher_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o in_o that_o first_o synod_n although_o germanus_n be_v call_v judex_n 1._o beda_n hist_o l._n 1._o yet_o the_o people_n have_v the_o name_n of_o arbiter_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o do_v contestare_fw-la judicium_fw-la blasphemy_n blasphemy_n blasphemy_n be_v questionless_a under_o church-censure_n but_o i_o find_v no_o footstep_n of_o any_o particular_a law_n against_o it_o yet_o in_o scotland_n a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o punish_v it_o with_o cut_v out_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 840._o council_n brit._n p._n 341._o an._n 840._o but_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v that_o neither_o the_o saxon_n nor_o their_o roman_a teacher_n be_v so_o zealous_a for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n name_n as_o to_o regard_v that_o odious_a sin_n unless_o we_o shall_v account_v they_o so_o holy_a as_o that_o they_o be_v not_o taint_v therewith_o and_o so_o need_v no_o law_n but_o apostasy_n be_v a_o early_a sin_n and_o soon_o provide_v against_o 376._o apostasy_n an._n 314._o council_n brit._n 41._o ibid._n 376._o the_o church-censure_n be_v allow_v of_o in_o britain_n before_o the_o saxon_n church_n have_v any_o breath_n
in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a 558._o adultery_n fornication_n council_n brit._n p._n 558._o for_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v cognisance_n thereof_o so_o far_o as_o touch_v the_o temporal_a penalty_n and_o to_o give_v they_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v allow_v its_o probable_a that_o in_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o case_n forego_v they_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o advise_v in_o determine_v of_o the_o crime_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n or_o define_v the_o matter_n for_o in_o those_o ignorant_a time_n it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v from_o any_o other_o but_o how_o the_o cognisance_n of_o tithe_n creep_v under_o their_o wing_n tithe_n tithe_n may_v be_v much_o more_o wonder_v at_o for_o that_o it_o be_v original_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o can_v a_o better_a ground_n be_v find_v by_o i_o then_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o late_a original_n for_o till_o the_o seven_o century_n the_o time_n be_v troublesome_a and_o no_o settle_a maintenance_n can_v be_v expect_v for_o the_o ministry_n where_o man_n be_v not_o in_o some_o certainty_n of_o their_o daily_a bread_n and_o as_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o title_n be_v ever_o in_o any_o positive_a nationall_n law_n before_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n in_o who_o time_n by_o a_o synod_n of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o tithe_n shall_v be_v gather_v by_o select_a person_n to_o pay_v the_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n hadubrand_n synod_n durien_n cap._n 7._o an._n 785._o rabban_n epist_n ad_fw-la hadubrand_n so_o neither_o can_v i_o find_v any_o saxon_a nationall_n constitution_n to_o settle_v this_o duty_n till_o alfred_n time_n although_o the_o church_n man_n have_v they_o as_o a_o voluntary_a gift_n so_o far_o as_o touch_v the_o quota_fw-la pars_fw-la for_o the_o space_n of_o well_o nigh_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o but_o alfred_n make_v a_o nationall_n law_n under_o a_o penalty_n to_o enforce_v this_o duty_n 377_o council_n brit._n p._n 377_o which_o the_o canon_n can_v not_o wring_v from_o the_o saxon_n how_o dreadful_a soever_o the_o censure_n prove_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o church_n have_v their_o remedy_n by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n for_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n and_o also_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n the_o cognisance_n in_o point_n of_o right_n albeit_o future_a time_n introduce_v a_o change_n herein_o chap._n xv._o a_o brief_a censure_n of_o the_o saxon_a prelatical_a church-government_n this_o that_o i_o have_v say_v might_n at_o the_o first_o view_n seem_v to_o represent_v a_o curious_a structure_n of_o church_n policy_n which_o may_v have_v put_v a_o period_n to_o time_n itself_o but_o to_o speak_v sine_fw-la ira_fw-la &_o study_v the_o height_n be_v too_o great_a consider_v the_o foundation_n and_o therefore_o ever_o weak_a and_o in_o need_n of_o prop_n the_o foundation_n be_v neither_o on_o the_o rock_n nor_o on_o good_a ground_n but_o by_o a_o gin_n screw_v to_o the_o roman_a consistory_n or_o like_o a_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n hang_v upon_o a_o pin_n of_o favour_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n at_o the_o first_o they_o think_v best_a to_o temporise_v and_o to_o hold_v both_o these_o their_o string_n to_o their_o bow_n but_o feel_v themselves_o somewhat_o underprop_v by_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o ignorant_a people_n they_o soon_o grow_v wondrous_a brave_a even_o to_o the_o jealousy_n of_o prince_n which_o also_o be_v know_v so_o notorious_o that_o the_o public_a synod_n ring_v that_o the_o prelate_n love_v not_o prince_n 747._o council_n brit._n p._n 254._o an._n 747._o but_o emulate_v they_o and_o envy_v their_o greatness_n and_o pursue_v they_o with_o detraction_n and_o if_o the_o cloth_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o list_n that_o one_o example_n of_o wilfrid_n archbishop_n of_o york_n will_v speak_v much_o he_o be_v once_o so_o humble_a mind_a as_o he_o will_v always_o go_v on_o foot_n to_o preach_v the_o word_n 680._o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 3._o an._n 680._o but_o by_o that_o time_n he_o be_v warm_a in_o his_o archbishop_n robe_n he_o be_v serve_v in_o vessel_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o with_o troop_n of_o follower_n in_o such_o gallantry_n as_o his_o pomp_n be_v envy_v of_o the_o queen_n a_o strange_a growth_n of_o prelacy_n in_o so_o small_a a_o space_n as_o eighty_o year_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stormy_a time_n such_o as_o than_o afflict_a this_o poor_a country_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o never_o do_v pride_n lead_v the_o way_n but_o some_o other_o base_a vice_n follow_v i_o will_v not_o mention_v the_o life_n of_o the_o monk_n nun_n and_o other_o clerk_n 745._o boniface_n epist_n ad_fw-la cutbertum_n an._n 745._o malmsbury_n speak_v sufficient_o of_o their_o luxury_n drunkenness_n quarrel_v and_o fight_v other_o witness_v thereto_o and_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o clergy_n seldom_o read_v the_o scripture_n and_o do_v never_o preach_v and_o be_v so_o gross_o ignorant_a that_o alfred_n the_o king_n be_v a_o diligent_a translator_n of_o latin_a writer_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n render_v this_o reason_n because_o they_o will_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o some_o of_o his_o bishop_n that_o understand_v not_o the_o latin_a tongue_n 379._o council_n brit._n p._n 379._o nor_o be_v the_o presbyter_n of_o another_o die_n for_o that_o king_n bewail_v their_o ignorance_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o wolfegus_fw-la say_v that_o those_o which_o be_v the_o gradu_fw-la spirituali_fw-la be_v come_v to_o that_o condition_n that_o few_o of_o they_o on_o this_o side_n humber_n can_v understand_v their_o common_a prayer_n or_o translate_v they_o into_o saxon_n and_o so_o few_o as_o i_o do_v not_o say_v he_o rememember_v one_o on_o this_o side_n the_o thames_n when_o i_o begin_v to_o reign_v and_o the_o synod_n that_o shall_v have_v salve_v all_o covers_z the_o sore_a with_o this_o canonical_a plaster_n that_o those_o of_o the_o clergy_n that_o can_v not_o say_v domine_fw-la miserere_fw-la in_o latin_a 747._o council_n brit._n p._n 248._o &_o 253._o an._n 747._o shall_v instead_o thereof_o say_v lord_n have_v mercy_n upon_o we_o in_o english_a it_o be_v therefore_o a_o vain_a thing_n for_o the_o clergy_n to_o rest_v upon_o their_o work_n or_o title_n of_o divine_a right_n their_o great_a pomp_n sacred_a place_n and_o favour_n of_o king_n commend_v they_o to_o the_o admiration_n or_o rather_o adoration_n of_o ignorant_a people_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o roman_a chair_n unto_o the_o regard_n of_o king_n who_o maintain_v their_o interest_n with_o the_o conclave_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o with_o the_o people_n on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o their_o mean_n and_o so_o they_o mutual_o serve_v one_o another_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n be_v good_a card_n in_o those_o day_n yet_o have_v the_o prelacy_n mature_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n so_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o people_n they_o may_v have_v lay_v a_o more_o sure_a foundation_n and_o attain_v their_o end_n with_o much_o more_o ease_n and_o honour_n i_o commend_v nor_o the_o base_a way_n of_o popularity_n by_o principle_n of_o flattery_n but_o that_o honourable_a service_n of_o truth_n and_o virtue_n which_o set_v up_o a_o throne_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o vulgar_a few_o of_o who_o but_o have_v some_o spark_n of_o nature_n leave_v unquenched_a for_o though_o respect_n may_v chance_v to_o meet_v with_o greatness_n yet_o reverence_n be_v the_o proper_a debt_n to_o goodness_n without_o which_o we_o look_v at_o great_a man_n as_o comet_n who_o influence_n work_v mischief_n and_o who_o light_n serve_v rather_o to_o be_v gaze_v upon_o then_o for_o direction_n the_o foundation_n thus_o unhappy_o lay_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o building_n be_v no_o less_o irregular_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o end_n that_o they_o aim_v at_o for_o first_o they_o admit_v the_o laity_n into_o their_o synod_n who_o be_v not_o so_o dull_a but_o can_v espy_v their_o ambition_n nor_o so_o base_a spirit_v as_o to_o live_v in_o slavery_n after_o conviction_n this_o error_n be_v espy_v i_o confess_v but_o it_o be_v too_o late_o and_o though_o they_o reform_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v after_o four_o hundred_o year_n labour_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o the_o contention_n of_o the_o clergy_n among_o themselves_o king_n have_v first_o learn_v so_o much_o of_o their_o supremacy_n and_o the_o laity_n so_o much_o of_o their_o liberty_n as_o they_o begin_v to_o plead_v with_o the_o clergy_n and_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o issue_n before_o the_o synod_n can_v rid_v themselves_o of_o these_o lay_v spectator_n or_o rather_o overseer_n of_o their_o way_n and_o action_n a_o second_o error_n be_v the_o yoke_a of_o the_o bishop_n power_n under_o that_o of_o the_o synod_n for_o they_o have_v little_a
which_o not_o only_o the_o people_n but_o also_o the_o king_n must_v submit_v the_o like_a whereunto_o ina_n the_o great_a saxon_a king_n also_o lamb._n ll._n inae_fw-la lamb._n no_o great_a man_n say_v he_o nor_o any_o other_o in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n may_v abolish_v the_o write_a law_n king_n furthermore_o bind_v themselves_o at_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o throne_n hereunto_o by_o a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v note_v of_o canutus_n unto_o who_o after_o aetheldred_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n abbat_n duke_n 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sect_n 2._o and_o other_o noble_n come_v and_o elect_v he_o to_o be_v their_o king_n and_o swear_v fealty_n unto_o he_o and_o he_o again_o swear_v to_o they_o that_o secundum_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la seculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o nation_n he_o will_v be_v a_o faithful_a lord_n to_o they_o 1016._o wigortn_n an._n 1016._o it_o be_v probable_a i_o grant_v that_o the_o praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la formerly_z mention_v be_v in_o the_o first_o nature_n more_o personal_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o person_n of_o their_o leader_n while_o he_o be_v their_o captain_n because_o it_o much_o concern_v the_o good_a of_o the_o army_n and_o without_o who_o all_o must_v scatter_v and_o bring_v all_o to_o ruin_v and_o this_o the_o word_n of_o the_o historian_n do_v evidence_n but_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n depend_v not_o on_o he_o after_o the_o war_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o the_o oath_n tie_v they_o not_o any_o further_o nor_o do_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n afterward_o when_o as_o the_o saxon_n enter_v this_o land_n so_o absolute_o rest_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n especial_o if_o he_o prove_v unfit_a to_o manage_v the_o work_n and_o therefore_o the_o fealty_n that_o the_o people_n swear_v to_o their_o king_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_o determine_v upon_o their_o person_n otherwise_o then_o in_o order_n to_o 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this_o pitch_n for_o those_o part_n of_o germany_n whence_o they_o come_v that_o have_v the_o regiment_n of_o king_n which_o these_o have_v not_o yet_o use_v they_o their_o king_n in_o no_o other_o manner_n then_o as_o servant_n of_o state_n in_o send_v they_o as_o ambassador_n and_o captain_n tacitus_n tacitus_n as_o if_o they_o claim_v more_o interest_n in_o he_o then_o he_o in_o they_o and_o the_o historian_n say_v express_o that_o among_o those_o people_n in_o germany_n that_o have_v king_n their_o king_n have_v a_o define_v power_n and_o be_v not_o supra_fw-la libertatem_fw-la and_o this_o maxim_n of_o state_n become_v afterward_o privilege_v by_o sanctuary_n for_o by_o the_o growth_n of_o antichrist_n not_o only_o the_o clergy_n but_o even_o their_o tenant_n and_o retainer_n be_v exempt_a from_o reach_n of_o king_n even_o by_o their_o own_o concession_n allow_v of_o a_o law_n that_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o their_o indefined_a prerogative_n 17._o ll._n sax._n ed._n cap._n 17._o viz._n that_o if_o the_o king_n defend_v not_o his_o people_n and_o especial_o churchman_n from_o injury_n nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la constabit_fw-la verum_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la perdit_fw-la which_o law_n however_o it_o may_v pass_v for_o currant_n divinity_n in_o those_o day_n yet_o its_o strange_a it_o shall_v get_v into_o a_o public_a act_n of_o state_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o dead_a word_n 755._o m._n westm_n an._n 756_o 758._o wigorn._n an._n 755._o for_o the_o people_n have_v former_o a_o trick_n of_o depose_v their_o king_n when_o they_o see_v he_o peep_v above_o the_o ordinary_a reach_n and_o this_o be_v a_o easy_a work_n for_o they_o to_o do_v where_o ever_o neighbour_a prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n watch_v for_o the_o windfall_n of_o crown_n this_o make_v the_o monarchical_a crown_n in_o this_o land_n to_o walk_v circuit_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n to_o find_v head_n fit_a to_o wear_v itself_o until_o the_o norman_a time_n three_o the_o saxon_n have_v so_o hammer_v their_o king_n in_o their_o election_n and_o make_v he_o so_o proper_o their_o own_o as_o they_o claim_v a_o interest_n not_o only_o in_o the_o person_n of_o their_o king_n but_o also_o in_o their_o estate_n so_o as_o in_o some_o respect_n they_o be_v scarce_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la for_o king_n baldred_n have_v give_v the_o manor_n of_o malings_z in_o sussex_n to_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n and_o because_o the_o lord_n consent_v not_o thereto_o 340._o council_n brit._n 340._o it_o be_v revoke_v and_o king_n egbert_n afterward_o make_v a_o new_a grant_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o show_v that_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o not_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o to_o any_o other_o use_n though_o pious_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o herewith_o concur_v all_o the_o saxon_a infeodation_n attest_v and_o confirm_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n duke_n and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n under_o their_o several_a hand_n nevertheless_o king_n be_v not_o then_o like_a unto_o plume_a eagle_n expose_v to_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o fowl_n for_o food_n but_o have_v a_o royal_a maintenance_n suitable_a to_o their_o majesty_n their_o power_n be_v double_a one_o as_o a_o captain_n other_o as_o a_o king_n the_o first_o be_v first_o and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o second_o as_o captain_n their_o power_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o army_n punish_v according_a to_o demerit_n and_o according_a to_o law_n and_o reward_n according_a to_o discretion_n as_o captain_n they_o have_v by_o ancient_a custom_n the_o whole_a spoil_n leave_v to_o their_o order_n by_o permission_n of_o the_o army_n tacitus_n tacitus_n exigunt_fw-la principis_fw-la liberalitate_fw-la illum_fw-la bellatorem_fw-la equum_fw-la illam_fw-la cruentam_fw-la &_o victricem_fw-la frameam_fw-la and_o they_o be_v not_o wont_v in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v close_o hand_v per_fw-la bella_fw-la raptus_fw-la munificentiae_fw-la materia_fw-la the_o spoil_n in_o these_o waste_a part_n of_o germany_n bring_v little_a other_o than_o horse_n and_o arm_n but_o after_o they_o come_v into_o britain_n the_o change_n of_o soil_n make_v they_o more_o fat_a horse_n and_o arm_n be_v turn_v into_o town_n house_n land_n and_o cattle_n and_o these_o be_v distribute_v as_o spoil_n among_o the_o saxon_a soldier_n by_o their_o general_n and_o this_o redound_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o state_n and_o port_n of_o the_o great_a man_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v honour_v non_fw-la stipendiis_fw-la sed_fw-la muneribus_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o the_o people_n use_v ultro_fw-la &_o viritum_fw-la confer_v principibus_fw-la vel_fw-la armentorum_fw-la vel_fw-la frugum_fw-la aliquid_fw-la but_o now_o upon_o the_o distribution_n of_o conquer_a town_n house_n land_n and_o cattle_n in_o britain_n a_o yearly_a product_n of_o victual_n or_o other_o service_n be_v reserve_v and_o allow_v to_o the_o saxon_a king_n by_o the_o people_n as_o the_o people_n allow_v to_o joshua_n his_o land_n jos_n 19.49_o so_o as_o they_o need_v no_o long_o the_o former_a course_n of_o offering_n but_o have_v enough_o to_o maintain_v their_o royal_a port_n and_o great_a superfluity_n of_o demesne_n beside_o as_o their_o charity_n to_o the_o church_n man_n do_v sufficient_o evidence_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n become_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o a_o settle_a maintenance_n annex_v to_o the_o same_o beside_o the_o casual_a profit_n upon_o emergency_n or_o perquisites_n of_o felon_n or_o fugitive_n good_n mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n treasure_n trove_v mulct_n for_o offence_n 14_o miror_fw-la 101_o 298_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 14_o and_o other_o privilege_n which_o be_v original_o in_o the_o king_n be_v by_o they_o grant_v and_o make_v royalty_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o subject_n as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o majesty_n and_o maintenance_n there_o be_v a_o
access_n of_o power_n not_o to_o make_v dispense_v with_o or_o alter_v law_n but_o to_o execute_v and_o act_v the_o law_n establish_v and_o against_o this_o power_n there_o be_v no_o rise_n up_o so_o long_o as_o it_o like_o a_o unfethered_a arrow_n gad_v not_o at_o random_n it_o be_v true_a the_o church_n man_n or_o prelate_n check_v they_o often_o but_o can_v never_o give_v they_o the_o mate_n for_o peace_n sake_n king_n many_o time_n yield_v much_o yet_o will_v no_o king_n of_o saxon_a principle_n allow_v of_o any_o canon_n that_o extol_v the_o clergy_n authority_n above_o that_o of_o king_n and_o though_o the_o place_n and_o displace_v of_o bishop_n seem_v to_o be_v all_o ecclesiastical_a work_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o king_n altogether_o connive_v as_o the_o example_n of_o ina_n in_o place_v a_o bishop_n in_o well_n offa_n in_o make_v two_o province_n of_o one_o 1095_o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_a lib._n 3._o gest_n reg._n lib._n 1._o cap_n 4._o m._n paris_n an._n 1095_o cenulphus_n in_o restore_v polydorus_n edfrid_n in_o depose_v wilfrid_n and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o make_v robert_n norman_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n may_v induce_v into_o opinion_n and_o for_o their_o own_o safety_n sake_n the_o prelate_n think_v it_o wisdom_n for_o they_o sometime_o to_o stoop_v to_o that_o power_n that_o at_o other_o time_n they_o must_v be_v behold_v to_o and_o therefore_o though_o in_o synodical_a dispute_n they_o will_v hold_v with_o the_o canon_n yet_o in_o matter_n of_o action_n will_v suit_n with_o the_o occasion_n and_o thereby_o teach_v prince_n to_o account_v of_o canon_n but_o as_o notion_n and_o politic_o to_o put_v the_o honour_n of_o commissioner_n upon_o these_o man_n thus_o the_o current_n of_o both_o power_n pass_v in_o one_o channel_n make_v the_o people_n drink_v double_a beer_n at_o once_o the_o turn_v both_o of_o pope_n and_o king_n be_v competent_o serve_v and_o these_o man_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o two-handed_a sword_n 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&_o posteris_fw-la vestris_fw-la regibus_fw-la committimus_fw-la advocationem_fw-la &_o tuitionem_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la loci_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la 1066._o council_n brit._n p_o 634._o an._n 1066._o &_o vice_fw-la nostra_fw-la cum_fw-la concilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la constituatis_fw-la ubique_fw-la quae_fw-la justa_fw-la sunt_fw-la how_o the_o king_n take_v the_o conclusion_n i_o find_v not_o but_o he_o can_v never_o make_v better_a use_n than_o by_o way_n of_o estoppel_n unless_o he_o mean_v to_o sacrifice_v his_o own_o right_a as_o a_o thankoffering_n to_o a_o shadow_n which_o i_o find_v not_o that_o he_o or_o his_o next_o successor_n ever_o do_v but_o as_o touch_v the_o laity_n history_n do_v not_o touch_v upon_o any_o conceit_n of_o withdraw_a monarchical_a power_n it_o be_v true_a king_n have_v their_o excess_n yet_o all_o be_v amend_v either_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n when_o they_o please_v to_o examine_v the_o matter_n 67._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 67._o or_o by_o the_o prince_n fair_a compliance_n when_o complaint_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o law_n be_v save_v and_o thus_o upon_o all_o the_o premise_n i_o shall_v conclude_v that_o a_o saxon_a king_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o primum_fw-la mobile_a set_v in_o a_o regular_a motion_n by_o law_n establish_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o saxon_a nobility_n the_o ancient_a saxon_a nobility_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o action_n both_o in_o war_n and_o in_o peace_n that_o rank_n of_o man_n be_v continue_v by_o three_o mean_n viz._n by_o birth_n or_o blood_n by_o valour_n and_o by_o wisdom_n the_o first_o be_v rather_o at_o the_o first_o a_o stem_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o two_o than_o a_o different_a degree_n or_o kind_n for_o noble_a blood_n be_v at_o the_o first_o ennoble_v by_o brave_a action_n afterward_o continue_v in_o their_o honour_n to_o their_o posterity_n till_o by_o as_o base_a course_n it_o be_v lose_v as_o it_o be_v gain_v by_o worthy_a achievement_n these_o be_v call_v adelingi_n the_o nobility_n of_o action_n consist_v either_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n or_o of_o peace_n those_o of_o peace_n arise_v principal_o from_o wisdom_n which_o be_v gain_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o much_o experience_n be_v therefore_o call_v aldermanni_n or_o elder_a man_n the_o nobility_n of_o war_n arise_v somewhat_o from_o valour_n or_o courage_n with_o wisdom_n but_o more_o from_o good_a success_n for_o many_o brave_a and_o fortunate_a commander_n have_v not_o be_v very_o dare_v 4._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35._o nitard_n lib._n 4._o and_o the_o brave_a spirit_n though_o wise_a have_v not_o be_v ever_o honour_v with_o good_a success_n these_o be_v call_v heretochii_n nevertheless_o all_o these_o name_n or_o title_n be_v use_v promiscuous_o in_o follow_v time_n and_o all_o call_v nobiles_fw-la but_o both_o that_o and_o deuce_n satrapae_fw-la and_o comites_fw-la be_v all_o of_o the_o roman_a dialect_n as_o the_o former_a be_v of_o the_o saxon._n time_n also_o bring_v other_o into_o this_o honourable_a band_n viz._n the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n and_o their_o attest_n be_v find_v among_o the_o king_n charter_n among_o the_o noble_n and_o that_o much_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o king_n for_o he_o that_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v not_o only_a lord_n above_o noble_n but_o master_n of_o some_o may_v by_o a_o little_a courtesy_n prevail_v over_o all_o this_o starry_a heaven_n have_v several_a orb_n tacitus_n tacitus_n some_o so_o high_a as_o in_o common_a esteem_n they_o be_v next_o the_o imperial_a heaven_n have_v a_o tincture_n of_o royal_a blood_n and_o at_o the_o next_o door_n to_o the_o throne_n other_o though_o not_o of_o so_o clear_a light_n have_v nevertheless_o no_o less_o powerful_a influence_n upon_o the_o people_n but_o rather_o more_o by_o how_o much_o more_o nigh_a to_o they_o their_o power_n in_o matter_n of_o peace_n or_o government_n of_o the_o commonweal_n be_v exercise_v either_o collective_o or_o apart_o and_o several_o in_o their_o meeting_n they_o order_v the_o small_a emergency_n of_o the_o public_a in_o convocate_a and_o direct_v the_o people_n de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la consultant_fw-la principes_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n these_o minora_fw-la be_v such_o as_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o majora_fw-la and_o pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la require_v sudden_a order_n touch_v any_o particular_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n at_o other_o time_n they_o visit_v their_o several_a territory_n or_o circuit_n hear_v and_o determine_v matter_n of_o controversy_n and_o execute_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n principes_fw-la jura_fw-la per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicosque_fw-la reddunt_fw-la yet_o they_o have_v comites_fw-la of_o the_o country_n join_v with_o they_o tacitus_n tacitus_n whereof_o afterward_o this_o be_v their_o course_n in_o german_a saxony_n but_o in_o england_n the_o new_a stem_n of_o kingly_a power_n arise_v high_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n suck_v much_o from_o they_o and_o keep_v they_o under_o for_o the_o judiciary_n power_n be_v in_o time_n draw_v up_o into_o the_o regal_a order_n and_o the_o lord_n execute_v the_o same_o as_o deputy_n from_o and_o under_o he_o design_v thereto_o by_o writ_n and_o commission_n as_o its_o more_o particular_o note_v of_o king_n alfred_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o the_o lord_n thus_o lessen_v in_o their_o judiciary_n power_n carried_z the_o less_o authority_n in_o their_o vote_n and_o consultation_n the_o king_n be_v a_o perpetual_a moderator_n in_o that_o work_n and_o it_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n he_o have_v thereby_o to_o sway_v the_o vote_n man_n that_o be_v advance_v if_o they_o have_v any_o excellency_n soon_o gain_v admiration_n and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n for_o one_o that_o have_v yield_v his_o heart_n to_o admiration_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o
adoration_n this_o have_v mount_v up_o king_n to_o the_o top_n more_o than_o their_o own_o ambition_n and_o make_v they_o undertake_v what_o they_o ought_v not_o because_o we_o esteem_v more_o high_o of_o they_o then_o we_o ought_v i_o speak_v not_o against_o due_a but_o undue_a obedience_n for_o have_v the_o saxon_a lord_n remember_v themselves_o and_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o king_n they_o need_v not_o to_o be_v amaze_v at_o their_o check_n nor_o to_o give_v way_n to_o their_o passion_n 333._o council_n brit._n p._n 333._o as_o they_o do_v many_o time_n and_o advise_v other_o to_o do_v the_o like_a nor_o have_v king_n by_o degree_n become_v beyond_o control_v and_o uncapable_a to_o be_v advise_v this_o error_n the_o lord_n espy_v too_o late_o and_o sometime_o will_v remember_v their_o ancient_a right_n and_o power_n and_o do_v take_v boldness_n to_o set_v a_o law_n upon_o the_o exorbitancy_n of_o their_o king_n 854._o m._n westm_n an._n 854._o as_o in_o that_o case_n of_o aethelwolfe_n and_o his_o queen_n among_o other_o may_v appear_v but_o that_o be_v like_o some_o enterprise_n that_o owe_v more_o to_o extremity_n of_o occasion_n then_o to_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o undertaker_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n the_o next_o and_o most_o considerable_a degree_n of_o all_o the_o people_n be_v that_o of_o the_o free_a man_n call_v ancient_o frilingi_n or_o free_a bear_v or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v free_a from_o all_o yoke_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o from_o all_o law_n of_o compulsion_n other_o then_o what_o be_v make_v by_o his_o voluntary_a consent_n for_o all_o free_a man_n have_v vote_n in_o the_o make_n and_o execute_v of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o first_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o gaul_n of_o who_o its_o note_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o call_v to_o council_n 6._o caes_n com._n lib_n 6._o nor_o be_v much_o better_a than_o servant_n in_o the_o second_o 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considerable_a party_n both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o have_v as_o sure_a a_o title_n to_o their_o own_o liberty_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la pagani_fw-la or_o the_o country_n gentleman_n have_v chap._n xix_o of_o the_o villainy_n among_o the_o saxon_n the_o most_o inferior_a rank_n among_o the_o saxon_n be_v those_o that_o of_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v villain_n but_o those_o also_o ancient_o divide_v into_o two_o degree_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v call_v free-lazzi_a these_o be_v such_o as_o have_v be_v slave_n but_o have_v purchase_v their_o freedom_n by_o desert_n and_o though_o they_o have_v escape_v the_o depth_n of_o bondage_n yet_o attain_v they_o not_o to_o the_o full_a pitch_n of_o free_a man_n for_o the_o lord_n may_v acquit_v his_o own_o title_n of_o bondage_n but_o no_o man_n can_v be_v make_v free_a without_o the_o act_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o therefore_o the_o historian_n say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o multum_fw-la supra_fw-la seruos_fw-la or_o scarce_o not_o servant_n they_o be_v seldom_o of_o account_n in_o any_o family_n never_o in_o any_o city_n but_o in_o kingdom_n sometime_o advance_v above_o the_o free_a man_n yea_o above_o nobles_z those_o be_v now_o adays_o among_o the_o number_n and_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v call_v copy_v holder_n who_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o protection_n from_o the_o law_n but_o no_o privilege_n of_o vote_n in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n the_o most_o inferior_a of_o all_o be_v those_o which_o be_v ancient_o call_v lazzi_n or_o slave_n those_o be_v the_o dregs_o of_o the_o people_n and_o whole_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o do_v any_o service_n or_o undergo_v any_o punishment_n tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o yet_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v such_o as_o they_o abhor_a tyranny_n and_o it_o be_v rare_o use_v among_o they_o by_o beat_v torture_n imprisonment_n or_o other_o hard_a usage_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o serve_v they_o will_v rather_o kill_v they_o as_o enemy_n and_o this_o wrought_a reverence_n in_o these_o man_n towards_o their_o lord_n and_o maintaintd_v a_o kind_n of_o generosity_n in_o their_o mind_n that_o they_o do_v many_o brave_a exploit_n and_o many_o time_n not_o only_o purchase_v their_o own_o freedom_n but_o also_o bring_v strength_n and_o honour_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o though_o the_o insolency_n of_o the_o dane_n much_o quell_v this_o saxon_a nobleness_n yet_o be_v it_o revive_v again_o by_o the_o confessor_n law_n which_o ordain_v that_o the_o lord_n shall_v so_o demean_v themselves_o towards_o their_o man_n that_o they_o neither_o incur_v guilt_n against_o god_n nor_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o respect_v they_o as_o god_n people_n and_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o man_n among_o the_o saxon_n be_v the_o material_n of_o their_o commonweal_n a_o model_n whereof_o in_o the_o make_n and_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n and_o manner_n thereof_o now_o next_z ensue_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v the_o micklemote_a it_o be_v original_o a_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o free_a man_n afterward_o tacitus_n tacitus_n when_o they_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v a_o member_n thereof_o and_o general_o precedent_n therein_o but_o always_o intend_v to_o be_v present_a though_o actual_o and_o in_o his_o own_o person_n by_o emergent_a occasion_n he_o may_v be_v absent_a and_o sometime_o by_o disability_n of_o his_o person_n he_o be_v unmeet_a to_o vote_n or_o be_v precedent_n in_o such_o a_o assembly_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o council_n at_o clano_n or_o cleve_n in_o wiltshire_n when_o the_o great_a case_n between_o the_o monk_n and_o marry_a priest_n be_v conclude_v 978._o malmesb._n gest_n reg._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 9_o lib._n 5._o an._n 978._o the_o king_n be_v absent_a as_o the_o story_n say_v because_o of_o his_o minority_n and_o yet_o if_o writer_n say_v true_a he_o be_v then_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o year_n of_o his_o age_n the_o lord_n be_v also_o nevertheless_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n of_o privilege_n as_o former_o and_o though_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n have_v get_v the_o privilege_n of_o summon_v the_o grand_a meeting_n in_o his_o own_o name_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o be_v meet_v their_o vote_n be_v no_o other_o in_o value_n then_o as_o former_o for_o all_o their_o law_n be_v ex_fw-la consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la and_o for_o aught_o can_v appear_v out_o of_o antiquity_n the_o vote_n of_o the_o mean_a continue_a as_o good_a as_o of_o the_o great_a tacitus_n tacitus_n arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la penes_fw-la piebem_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o micklemote_a or_o wittagenmote_a of_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n continue_v in_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o free_a man_n by_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n nigh_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o ever_o the_o roman_a bishop_n foot_v enter_v or_o the_o roman_a clergy_n creep_v into_o the_o counsel_n of_o state_n afterward_o the_o prelate_n be_v admit_v de_fw-la bene_fw-la esse_fw-la for_o advice_n as_o sapientes_fw-la and_o continue_v by_o allowance_n how_o canonical_o ipsi_fw-la viderint_fw-la for_o i_o understand_v it_o not_o especial_o as_o the_o scripture_n be_v then_o expound_v nemo_fw-la militans_fw-la deo_fw-la implicet_fw-la negotiis_fw-la saecularibus_fw-la yet_o if_o they_o be_v allow_v what_o in_o those_o day_n they_o ordinary_o take_v up_o a_o degree_n of_o policy_n above_o devotion_n that_o knot_n be_v also_o soon_o untie_v i_o say_v they_o enter_v as_o sapientes_fw-la not_o as_o prelati_fw-la or_o church-governors_n for_o than_o they_o have_v hold_v the_o same_o power_n in_o church-matter_n agitate_a in_o the_o wittagenmot_n that_o
they_o have_v usurp_v in_o their_o synod_n which_o they_o hold_v only_o for_o church-visitation_n which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v because_o the_o sapientes_fw-la regni_fw-la have_v their_o vote_n therein_o as_o free_o as_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o prelate_n by_o any_o law_n entitle_v themselves_o to_o such_o power_n or_o privilege_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o wtttagenmote_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o german_a priest_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o be_v present_a in_o these_o grand_a assembly_n and_o to_o have_v some_o presidency_n therein_o as_o to_o command_v silence_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o be_v no_o title_n to_o these_o tacitus_n tacitus_n unless_o they_o will_v interest_n themselves_o as_o their_o successor_n to_o possess_v by_o a_o jus_o divinum_fw-la that_o jus_o diabolicum_fw-la which_o those_o priest_n former_o have_v in_o a_o way_n of_o immediate_a providence_n somewhat_o like_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o mantle_n of_o eliah_n find_v by_o elisha_n they_o may_v i_o grant_v plead_v the_o title_n from_o king_n but_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v also_o that_o king_n as_o yet_o have_v no_o more_o power_n over_o the_o church_n then_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o can_v they_o have_v that_o from_o the_o lord_n which_o the_o lord_n never_o have_v but_o be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o majora_fw-la and_o of_o which_o the_o wittagenmot_n have_v the_o only_a cognisance_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o some_o particular_n ensue_v unto_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o clergy_n must_v be_v add_v as_o i_o say_v the_o freeman_n to_o make_v up_o the_o micklemote_a complete_a and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o no_o monument_n of_o story_n speak_v of_o this_o grand_a meeting_n from_o their_o be_v in_o germany_n until_o after_o the_o come_n of_o austin_n yet_o when_o as_o the_o saxon_a history_n than_o find_v they_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o the_o german_a story_n leave_v they_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o the_o interval_n they_o continue_v their_o wont_a custom_n although_o they_o have_v no_o learning_n to_o leave_v monument_n thereof_o unto_o the_o world_n and_o hereof_o the_o example_n be_v not_o rare_a in_o those_o remembrance_n that_o those_o ancient_a time_n have_v leave_v we_o for_o within_o six_o year_n after_o augustine_n arrival_n aethelbert_n call_v a_o common-council_n tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la 53._o council_n brit._n 126._o ll._n sax._n lamb._n cantab._n foe_n 1._o ibid._n foe_o 22._o ibid._n foe_o 53._o ina_n after_o he_o make_v law_n suasu_fw-la &_o instituto_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la omnium_fw-la senatorum_fw-la &_o natu_fw-la majorum_fw-la sapientum_fw-la populi_fw-la in_fw-la magna_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la frequentia_fw-la alfred_n after_o he_o reform_v the_o former_a law_n consulto_fw-la sapientum_fw-la after_o he_o aethelsian_n call_v a_o council_n in_o which_o be_v the_o archbishop_n and_o with_o he_o the_o optimates_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la frequentissimi_fw-la beside_o other_o whereof_o i_o shall_v treat_v now_o that_o i_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n handle_v in_o this_o court_n the_o matter_n in_o agitation_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n general_o be_v all_o both_o of_o public_a and_o private_a concernment_n that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a be_v such_o as_o regard_v removal_n of_o inconvenience_n such_o as_o be_v law_n for_o league_n and_o affinity_n with_o other_o nation_n for_o prevent_v of_o war_n and_o thus_o become_v the_o saxon_n and_o briton_n unite_v 36._o council_n brit._n p._n 219._o ll._n lamb._n cantabr_n foe_fw-mi 36._o and_o the_o mortal_a feud_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n lay_v aside_o and_o they_o make_v one_o and_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n reconcile_v by_o a_o covenant_n agree_v unto_o and_o swear_v between_o both_o nation_n the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o their_o make_n of_o war_n of_o defence_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n matter_n of_o public_a and_o general_a charge_n also_o be_v debate_v and_o conclude_v in_o that_o assembly_n as_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n 139._o ll._n edw._n lamb._n cam._n foe_n 139._o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v grant_v rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la such_o also_o as_o concern_v the_o church_n for_o so_o edwin_n the_o king_n of_o northumberland_n upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o a_o christian_a lady_n be_v importune_v to_o renounce_v his_o paganism_n answer_v he_o will_v so_o do_v 51._o antiq._n brit._n p._n 51._o if_o that_o his_o queen_n religion_n shall_v be_v account_v more_o holy_a and_o honourable_a to_o god_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o prince_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o all_o the_o church_n law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v make_v in_o the_o miklemote_a monastery_n be_v by_o their_o general_a consent_n dedicate_v 321._o council_n brit._n 127._o ibid._n 321._o &_o their_o possession_n confirm_v the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n make_v the_o metropolitan_a matter_n also_o of_o private_a regard_n be_v there_o proceed_v upon_o as_o not_o only_o general_a grievance_n but_o pervert_v of_o justice_n in_o case_n of_o private_a person_n as_o in_o that_o council_n call_v synodale_n concilium_fw-la under_o beornulfus_fw-la the_o mercian_n king_n 332._o ibid._n 332._o quaesitum_fw-la est_fw-la quomodo_fw-la quis_fw-la cum_fw-la justicia_fw-la sit_fw-la tractatus_fw-la seu_fw-la quis_fw-la injust_a sit_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la the_o name_n of_o which_o council_n call_v synodall_n mind_v i_o to_o intimate_v that_o which_o i_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o but_o yet_o can_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n between_o the_o general_a synod_n and_o the_o wittagenmot_n unless_o mere_o in_o the_o first_o occasion_n of_o the_o summons_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v allow_v to_o that_o book_n call_v 3._o cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n it_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o grand_a assembly_n be_v to_o confer_v of_o the_o government_n of_o god_n people_n how_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v from_o sin_n live_v in_o quiet_a and_o have_v right_o do_v they_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n and_o more_o especial_o of_o wrong_n do_v by_o the_o king_n 2._o sec._n 2._o queen_n or_o their_o child_n for_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o by_o himself_o or_o justice_n determine_v cause_n wherein_o himself_o be_v actor_n 11._o cap._n 4._o sec._n 11._o and_o to_o sum_n up_o all_o it_o seem_v a_o court_n make_v to_o rise_v and_o stoop_v according_a to_o occasion_n the_o manner_n of_o debate_n be_v conclude_v by_o vote_n and_o the_o sum_n take_v in_o the_o gross_a by_o noise_n lacedem_fw-la tacitus_n plut._n lycurg_n thucyd._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la lacedem_fw-la like_v to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o determine_v what_o be_v propound_v clamoro_fw-la non_fw-la calculis_fw-la yet_o when_o the_o noise_n be_v doubtful_a they_o take_v the_o vote_n several_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o saxon_n at_o this_o assembly_n in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v certain_a tacitus_n tacitus_n viz._n at_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n but_o religion_n change_v other_o thing_n change_v these_o time_n to_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n pentecost_n and_o the_o nativity_n at_o which_o time_n they_o use_v to_o present_v themselves_o before_o the_o king_n at_o his_o court_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o person_n and_o to_o consult_v and_o provide_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o at_o such_o time_n king_n use_v to_o make_v show_n of_o themselves_o in_o their_o great_a pomp_n crown_v with_o their_o royal_a crown_n this_o custom_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o 1158._o an._n 1158._o who_o at_o worcester_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n offer_v his_o crown_n upon_o the_o altar_n and_o so_o the_o ceremony_n cease_v this_o grand_a assembly_n thus_o constitute_v be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o all_o the_o member_n or_o that_o have_v occasion_n therein_o be_v under_o the_o public_a faith_n both_o in_o go_v and_o come_v unless_o the_o party_n be_v fur_n probatus_fw-la if_o a_o member_n be_v wrong_v the_o delinquent_n pay_v double_a damage_n and_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o aethelbert_n above_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o 35_o council_n brit._n p._n 127._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n 79._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o this_o privilege_n of_o safe_a pass_n be_v thus_o ancient_a and_o fundamental_a and_o not_o by_o any_o law_n take_v away_o rest_v still_o in_o force_n but_o how_o far_o it_o belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v no_o member_n and_o have_v affair_n nevertheless_o depend_v on_o that_o court_n i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o determine_v yet_o it_o seem_v that_o privilege_n outreach_v member_n unless_o we_o shall_v conceit_v so_o wide_a that_o the_o state_n do_v suppose_v that_o a_o member_n may_v be_v a_o notorious_a and_o know_a thief_n last_o this_o assembly_n though_o it_o be_v call_v the_o wittagenmot_n or_o the_o meeting_n of_o wise_a man_n yet_o all_o that_o will_v come_v may_v be_v
present_a and_o interpose_v their_o like_n or_o dislike_n of_o the_o proposition_n si_fw-la displicuit_fw-la sententia_fw-la fremitu_fw-la aspernatur_fw-la si_fw-la placuit_fw-la frameas_fw-la concutiunt_fw-la and_o some_o hint_n i_o meet_v with_o that_o this_o course_n continue_v here_o in_o england_n for_o some_o precedent_n run_v in_o magna_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la frequentia_fw-la as_o that_o of_o ina_n ingulfus_n ll._n sax._n lamb._n p._n 1._o council_n brit._n 219._o ingulfus_n common_a consilium_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la another_o council_n by_o he_o hold_v the_o council_n of_o winton_n an._n 855._o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a man_n aliorumque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o it_o continue_v thus_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n what_o power_n the_o vulgar_a have_v to_o control_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n i_o find_v not_o fremitu_fw-la aspernabantur_fw-la be_v say_v and_o probable_o it_o be_v a_o touch_n of_o the_o rudeness_n of_o those_o time_n for_o it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o a_o fundamental_a law_n in_o nature_n that_o wise_a man_n shall_v make_v law_n and_o that_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n shall_v rest_v in_o the_o wittagenmot_n be_v never_o a_o honour_n bestow_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o saxon_n but_o a_o endowment_n from_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n which_o can_v never_o be_v take_v away_o from_o they_o by_o that_o headless_a conceit_n provoco_fw-la ad_fw-la populum_fw-la but_o that_o body_n must_v be_v as_o monstrous_a as_o the_o anthrophagi_n who_o head_n be_v too_o nigh_o their_o belly_n to_o be_v wise_a chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n this_o in_o the_o first_o condition_n be_v a_o meeting_n only_o of_o the_o lord_n for_o direction_n in_o emergent_a case_n concern_v the_o government_n and_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o for_o the_o promote_a of_o administration_n of_o justice_n these_o the_o historian_n call_v minora_fw-la because_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v only_o the_o present_a passion_n of_o state_n afterward_o when_o they_o have_v get_v a_o king_n into_o their_o number_n they_o have_v so_o much_o the_o more_o work_n as_o may_v concern_v due_a correspondency_n between_o he_o and_o the_o people_n and_o of_o themselves_o towards_o both_o this_o work_n be_v not_o small_a especial_o in_o those_o time_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o king_n but_o much_o great_a by_o the_o access_n of_o prelate_n into_o their_o number_n with_o who_o come_v also_o a_o glut_n of_o church_n affair_n that_o continual_o increase_v according_a as_o the_o prelate_n ambition_n swell_v so_o as_o this_o council_n may_v seem_v to_o rule_v the_o church_n alone_o in_o those_o day_n when_o as_o few_o motion_n that_o any_o way_n concern_v churchman_n but_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o prelatical_a cognisance_n as_o the_o minora_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o thus_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o minora_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o the_o minora_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la this_o mix_a council_n of_o lord_n come_v by_o degree_n to_o intermeddle_v too_o far_o in_o the_o magnalia_fw-la regni_fw-la 694._o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap._n 9_o an._n 712._o council_n brit._n p._n 189._o an._n 694._o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o worship_v of_o image_n and_o the_o mass_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o saxon_n by_o the_o roman_a bishop_n and_o his_o legate_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o decree_v that_o no_o temporal_a or_o lay_v person_n shall_v possess_v any_o ecclesiastical_a possession_n that_o election_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o officer_n shall_v be_v by_o bishop_n that_o the_o possession_n of_o churchman_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o lay_v service_n and_o tax_n and_o in_o one_o sum_n they_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o bind_v not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o which_o have_v these_o lord_n reflect_v more_o upon_o the_o office_n and_o less_o upon_o the_o person_n and_o not_o at_o all_o upon_o their_o private_a interest_n they_o doubtless_o have_v be_v a_o blessing_n to_o their_o generation_n and_o a_o golden_a sceptre_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o righteous_a king_n but_o contrary_o miss_v their_o way_n they_o become_v a_o sword_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n against_o the_o subject_n a_o snare_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v not_o the_o wittagenmot_n in_o their_o meeting_n allay_v those_o distemper_n the_o saxon_a government_n have_v be_v little_a other_o than_o a_o commonweal_n reverse_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o the_o condition_n of_o state_n or_o kingdom_n be_v diverse_o consider_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n so_o also_o must_v their_o government_n be_v for_o however_o war_v in_o itself_o be_v but_o a_o feverish_a distemper_n in_o a_o commonweal_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n it_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o a_o kindly_a ague_n in_o due_a season_n be_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o body_n which_o many_o time_n take_v distemper_n rather_o from_o the_o excellency_n of_o its_o constitution_n then_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o humour_n nor_o do_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o saxon_a commonweal_n ever_o shine_v more_o than_o in_o war_n while_o it_o set_v a_o law_n upon_o that_o which_o ordinary_o be_v master_n of_o all_o misrule_n and_o confusion_n and_o so_o fight_v by_o rule_n rather_o than_o by_o passion_n their_o chief_n in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o field_n 35_o tacitus_n ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o either_o at_o the_o wittagenmot_n or_o the_o folkmot_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o command_n be_v carry_v upon_o a_o shield_n bear_v upon_o their_o shoulder_n like_v as_o now_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v this_o emblem_n they_o entertain_v he_o with_o to_o declare_v their_o trust_n in_o he_o and_o the_o work_n that_o be_v expect_v from_o he_o his_o first_o title_n be_v heretock_n afterward_o he_o be_v call_v duke_n or_o deuce_n the_o latter_a whereof_o turn_v to_o a_o bare_a title_n in_o the_o conclusion_n but_o the_o former_a maintain_v its_o own_o honour_n so_o long_o as_o the_o name_n last_v after_o his_o election_n all_o swear_v to_o be_v at_o his_o order_n and_o not_o to_o forsake_v he_o this_o be_v a_o trick_n of_o embase_v time_n tacitus_n tacitus_n for_o though_o the_o lacedaemonian_a law_n be_v positive_a that_o none_o shall_v fly_v or_o break_v his_o rank_n but_o get_v the_o victory_n or_o die_v yet_o be_v they_o neither_o bind_v by_o oath_n or_o penalty_n shame_n in_o those_o time_n be_v account_v worse_a than_o death_n by_o those_o brave_a mind_n but_o time_n grow_v more_o old_a grow_v also_o more_o base-spirited_n and_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o field_n hold_v in_o rank_n by_o oath_n or_o honour_n and_o this_o occasion_v that_o law_n of_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n that_o in_o such_o case_n a_o country_n gentleman_n shall_v be_v fine_v 120_o shilling_n if_o he_o be_v land_v 10._o ll._n sax._n lamb._n cantab._n 10._o but_o if_o otherwise_o 60_o shilling_n and_o the_o yeoman_n 30_o shilling_n and_o afterward_o the_o penalty_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 1009._o council_n brit._n p._n 528._o an._n 1009._o in_o their_o war_n they_o go_v forth_o by_o body_n collective_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v by_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n this_o make_v they_o stick_v close_o together_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o family_n and_o friend_n tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o render_v their_o encounter_n mortal_a and_o to_o the_o worsted_n party_n common_o fatal_a for_o once_o beat_v in_o the_o field_n they_o can_v hardly_o recover_v either_o by_o rally_v or_o gather_v a_o new_a army_n probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v have_v their_o villain_n to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o battle_n but_o the_o strength_n consist_v of_o the_o free_a man_n and_o though_o many_o be_v bind_v by_o tenure_n to_o follow_v their_o lord_n to_o the_o war_n and_o many_o be_v volunteer_n yet_o it_o seem_v all_o be_v bind_v upon_o call_v under_o peril_n of_o fine_a and_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v arm_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 35._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35._o their_o lord_n and_o their_o own_o person_n and_o these_o they_o may_v neither_o pawn_v nor_o sell_v but_o leave_v they_o to_o descend_v to_o their_o heir_n and_o in_o default_n of_o they_o to_o their_o lord_n and_o in_o default_n of_o he_o to_o their_o chief_a pledge_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o to_o the_o king_n they_o muster_v their_o arm_n once_o every_o year_n both_o in_o town_n and_o hundred_o viz._n the_o morrow_n after_o candlemas_n and_o such_o who_o body_n be_v unfit_a for_o service_n be_v to_o find_v sufficient_a man_n for_o service_n in_o their_o stead_n they_o be_v strict_a in_o their_o
15._o nor_o out_o of_o the_o county_n without_o allowance_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o other_o governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o if_o any_o controversy_n arise_v between_o the_o pledge_n the_o chief_a pledge_n by_o they_o choose_v call_v also_o the_o dean_n or_o headburrough_n may_v determine_v the_o same_o 20._o ll._n edw._n c_o 20._o but_o this_o hold_v only_o in_o matter_n of_o light_a consequence_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o francheses_n and_o first_o of_o the_o church_n franche_n we_o have_v hitherto_o tread_v in_o the_o ride_v way_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonweal_n but_o private_a regard_n have_v make_v by-path_n which_o we_o must_v trace_v or_o else_o the_o footstep_n in_o many_o particular_n will_v remain_v unknown_a these_o be_v call_v exemption_n but_o more_o ordinary_o francheses_n from_o which_o scarce_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n remain_v free_a and_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v eithet_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n or_o person_n in_o the_o late_a i_o intend_v that_o of_o the_o churchman_n who_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o many_o particular_n be_v exempt_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n their_o person_n devote_v to_o a_o peculiar_a work_n they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v under_o a_o peculiar_a law_n call_v the_o canon_n law_n which_o at_o the_o first_o extend_v only_o to_o their_o own_o person_n and_o that_o only_a pro_fw-la reformatione_fw-la morum_fw-la 258._o council_n brit._n p._n 258._o for_o so_o a_o archbishop_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v teach_v quomodo_fw-la canonici_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la regulares_fw-la clerici_fw-la vivere_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o when_o it_o grow_v to_o its_o full_a charge_n it_o give_v a_o loud_a report_n quicunque_fw-la aliquid_fw-la tenuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o fundo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la mansionem_fw-la habuerit_fw-la extra_fw-la curiam_fw-la ecclesiasticam_fw-la non_fw-la placitabit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la foris_fw-la fecerit_fw-la conf._n ll._n edw._n conf._n and_o thus_o as_o church_n ground_n increase_v by_o the_o blind_a charity_n of_o those_o time_n so_o long_a churchman_n multiply_v and_o the_o canon_n enlarge_v from_o the_o person_n of_o reguler_o to_o all_o clergyman_n and_o from_o they_o to_o their_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n from_o thence_o to_o certain_a spiritual_a or_o ecclesiastical_a crime_n or_o scandal_n wherever_o they_o be_v find_v and_o wherever_o it_o touch_v it_o take_v and_o bind_v by_o excommunication_n 7._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 7._o and_o upon_o significavit_fw-la being_n first_o deliver_v to_o satan_n they_o deliver_v he_o over_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v imprison_v if_o the_o offender_n be_v out_o of_o reach_n by_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o and_o one_o day_n he_o be_v outlaw_v so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v to_o escape_v the_o church_n fury_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o second_o franche_n call_v the_o march_n franchise_n of_o the_o place_n be_v such_o as_o be_v limit_v within_o precinct_n of_o place_n &_o annex_v thereto_o and_o of_o this_o sort_n first_o be_v those_o of_o the_o border_n of_o which_o those_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a that_o border_v the_o briton_n now_o call_v the_o march_n of_o wales_n in_o which_o be_v a_o peculiar_a government_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v administration_n of_o justice_n for_o otherwise_o the_o subject_n each_o of_o they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o service_n of_o their_o own_o prince_n this_o be_v therefore_o a_o three_o different_z and_o mix_v government_n agree_v upon_o joint_o between_o the_o briton_n and_o saxon_n who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o burdensome_a war_n wherein_o both_o people_n be_v well_o weary_v by_o degree_n become_v friend_n enter_v traffic_n and_o into_o the_o strict_a society_n by_o marriage_n thus_o find_v the_o sweetness_n of_o peace_n they_o provide_v against_o future_a occasion_n of_o strife_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o commerce_n by_o the_o justle_n of_o two_o law_n together_o &_o agree_v in_o one_o law_n &_o upon_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o judge_n elect_v by_o common_a consent_n who_o be_v to_o see_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n as_o joint_a assessor_n from_o these_o as_o i_o conceive_v arise_v those_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o lord_n marcher_n 3._o ll._n aetheld_a cap._n 3._o and_o be_v at_o the_o first_o twelve_o in_o number_n viz._n six_o saxon_n and_o six_o briton_n it_o seem_v this_o form_n of_o government_n be_v first_o institute_v by_o aetheldred_n and_o by_o way_n of_o prescription_n or_o custom_n continue_v till_o this_o day_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o birth_n of_o truce_n so_o for_o the_o future_a become_v both_o mother_n and_o nurse_n of_o peace_n between_o those_o two_o people_n like_o the_o twilight_n between_o the_o day_n and_o night_n until_o both_o be_v bring_v under_o one_o head_n and_o by_o divine_a providence_n settle_v in_o a_o last_a day_n chap._n xxix_o of_o county_n palatine_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o francheses_n be_v these_o which_o be_v call_v county_n palatine_n which_o be_v certain_a parcel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assign_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o their_o successor_n with_o royal_a power_n therein_o to_o execute_v all_o law_n establish_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o province_n hold_v of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o within_o this_o precinct_n no_o more_o then_o in_o the_o march_n these_o be_v occasion_v from_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o stout_o defend_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o usurp_a power_n of_o those_o great_a king_n that_o endeavour_v to_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o the_o who_o heptarchy_n and_o not_o be_v easy_o overcome_v be_v admit_v into_o composition_n of_o tributary_n and_o therefore_o be_v find_v very_o ancient_a for_o alfred_n put_v one_o of_o his_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o malefactor_n for_o a_o offence_n do_v in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o and_o the_o same_o author_n recite_v another_o example_n of_o his_o justice_n against_o another_o of_o his_o judge_n for_o put_v one_o to_o death_n without_o precedent_n render_v the_o king_n reason_n for_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o commissioner_n ought_v to_o determine_v such_o case_n except_v those_o lord_n in_o who_o precinct_n the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o chap._n xxx_o of_o francheses_n of_o the_o person_n francheses_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o liberty_n annex_v unto_o the_o person_n as_o be_v not_o absolute_a lordship_n but_o only_o tend_v thereto_o and_o limit_v within_o a_o precinct_n but_o not_o annex_v thereto_o and_o these_o be_v matter_n of_o profit_n rather_o than_o power_n as_o those_o of_o bury_n st._n edmond_n doncaster_n dorchester_n circester_n all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 5._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o and_o these_o or_o some_o of_o they_o have_v juridical_a power_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o robbery_n arise_v within_o that_o precinct_n so_o as_o the_o delinquent_n be_v both_o inhabitant_n and_o take_v within_o the_o same_o this_o be_v call_v infangtheoff_n infangtheoff_n infangtheoff_n and_o if_o upon_o fresh_a pursuit_n make_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o possessor_n the_o delinquent_n be_v take_v with_o the_o prey_n in_o his_o possession_n or_o as_o the_o old_a dialect_n be_v handhaben_n backbearend_a 26_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 26_o then_o be_v he_o carry_v immediate_o before_o the_o coroner_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o the_o sakeber_n or_o party_n wrong_v make_v his_o proof_n by_o witness_n and_o thereupon_o judgement_n forthwith_o pass_v without_o answer_n and_o execution_n immediate_o ensue_v some_o liberty_n have_v outfangtheoff_n 15._o outfangtheoff_n bracton_n lib._n 3._o tract_n 2._o cap._n 35._o briton_n cap._n 15._o that_o be_v the_o trial_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o such_o delinquent_n be_v no_o inhabitant_n and_o yet_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n or_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n but_o this_o trial_n be_v always_o by_o jury_n the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o liberty_n be_v not_o obscure_o manifest_v in_o their_o name_n and_o more_o clear_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o act_n 21_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 21_o for_o it_o be_v observe_v of_o alfred_n that_o he_o seize_v a_o franche_n of_o infangtheoff_n because_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o franche_n will_v not_o send_v a_o fellow_n take_v within_o his_o liberty_n for_o a_o felony_n commit_v without_o the_o same_o to_o the_o gaol_n of_o the_o county_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v other_o liberty_n there_o be_v grant_v also_o by_o charter_n a_o taste_n whereof_o may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o grant_v make_v by_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o glastenbury_n wherein_o be_v grant_v sack_n hamsockne_v friderbrece_n forstel_n teme_n flemone_n ferdre_fw-fr hundred_o setene_n sock_n tholl_n adae_fw-la horda_fw-mi bufan_n orderan_n bene_n orderan_n the_o
particular_a nature_n of_o each_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o glossaries_n all_o of_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n grant_v over_o to_o these_o grantee_n in_o nature_n of_o deputy_n to_o the_o king_n to_o possess_v both_o the_o power_n and_o profit_n thereto_o belong_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o manor_n nevertheless_o most_o of_o these_o liberty_n if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o be_v many_o time_n grant_v by_o king_n as_o appendent_a to_o manor_n which_o be_v francheses_n of_o small_a circuit_n be_v at_o the_o first_o portion_n of_o ground_n grant_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o by_o they_o subdivide_v and_o grant_v over_o to_o particular_a person_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o grantor_n by_o rent_n service_n and_o suit_n to_o one_o court_n all_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o spoil_n of_o war_n and_o reward_n of_o valour_n or_o other_o service_n these_o in_o their_o collective_a nature_n be_v call_v a_o manor_n and_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n become_v a_o kind_n of_o body_n politic_a in_o antiquity_n it_o be_v call_v mansum_fw-la from_o the_o mansion_n house_n although_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o manor_n 212_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 212_o nor_o ought_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n to_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o literal_a sense_n for_o the_o house_n may_v be_v destroy_v and_o yet_o the_o manor_n continue_v and_o the_o ground_n be_v grant_v in_o tenure_n before_o any_o house_n build_v thereupon_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ground_n thus_o give_v to_o hold_v by_o service_n be_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n more_o or_o less_o and_o therefore_o may_v extend_v into_o divers_a parish_n as_o on_o the_o other_o part_n one_o town_n may_v comprehend_v divers_a manor_n 15._o flera_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 15._o the_o estate_n that_o be_v grant_v depend_v partly_o on_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o grantee_n for_o some_o be_v servi_fw-la or_o bondman_n and_o their_o estate_n be_v altogether_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v also_o the_o benefit_n but_o the_o servant_n merit_n and_o the_o lord_n benignity_n concur_v with_o some_o conscience_n of_o religion_n as_o the_o light_n grow_v more_o clear_a abate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o tenure_n into_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v copyhold_n other_o estate_n be_v make_v to_o the_o free_a man_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v only_o for_o year_n albeit_o therein_o they_o be_v not_o niggardly_o for_o they_o stick_v not_o at_o lease_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n croyl_n ingulsus_n croyl_n yet_o with_o a_o render_v of_o rent_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o corn_n or_o other_o victual_v and_o thence_o the_o lease_n so_o make_v be_v call_v feorme_n or_o farm_n which_o word_n signify_v victual_n but_o time_n ensue_v turn_v the_o victual_n into_o money_n and_o term_n of_o year_n to_o term_n of_o life_n and_o inheritance_n retain_v the_o rent_n and_o those_o call_v quit_v rent_n or_o the_o rent_n of_o those_o person_n that_o be_v acquit_v or_o free_a 69._o gloss_n 158._o ll._n saxon_n 16_o 17._o lamb._n gloss_n 348._o ll._n canut_n p._n 1._o cap._n 69._o but_o in_o case_n of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n be_v reserve_v heriot_n or_o a_o relief_n which_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o be_v put_v in_o certainty_n in_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o according_a to_o each_o man_n degree_n such_o be_v his_o relief_n or_o heriot_n but_o over_o and_o above_o all_o they_o reserve_v special_a service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o some_o other_o by_o his_o procurement_n of_o which_o those_o that_o be_v their_o servi_fw-la or_o villain_n be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n other_o have_v their_o particular_a service_n set_v down_o in_o their_o grant_n knight-service_n knight-service_n these_o concern_v either_o war_n or_o peace_n the_o former_a be_v afterward_o call_v the_o service_n of_o the_o knight_n or_o soldier_n the_o late_a the_o service_n of_o the_o husbandman_n or_o plough_n that_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v the_o more_o honourable_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o old_a german_a trade_n pigrum_fw-la &_o iners_fw-la videtur_fw-la sudore_fw-la acquirere_fw-la quod_fw-la possis_fw-la sanguine_fw-la parare_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o the_o work_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o to_o this_o end_n he_o be_v ever_o to_o have_v his_o weapon_n in_o readiness_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o service_n and_o alter_v as_o time_n and_o custom_n change_v this_o service_n by_o custom_n from_o a_o work_n degenerate_v into_o the_o bare_a title_n and_o become_v a_o dignity_n and_o the_o man_n name_v or_o rather_o entitle_v milites_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o saxon_a charter_n be_v attest_v by_o man_n bear_v that_o title_n yet_o the_o service_n itself_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a and_o call_v servicium_fw-la loricae_fw-la of_o which_o sort_n also_o be_v the_o custodes_fw-la pagani_fw-la that_o wear_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o a_o guilt_n sword_n not_o unlike_o the_o old_a german_a way_n of_o call_v forth_o of_o their_o tirones_fw-la to_o the_o war_n tacitus_n tacitus_n of_o this_o rank_n some_o be_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o for_o some_o bear_v the_o single_a title_n of_o knight_n and_o it_o seem_v serve_v on_o foot_n other_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o be_v call_v radknight_n or_o knight_n rider_n as_o bracton_n note_v spicil_n selden_n spicil_n and_o these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o vavasour_n note_v in_o the_o conqueror_n law_n for_o that_o their_o relief_n be_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n a_o shield_n a_o spear_n and_o a_o horse_n now_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o this_o service_n they_o have_v land_n and_o tenement_n call_v knight_n fee_n which_o bind_v the_o owner_n to_o that_o service_n into_o who_o hand_n soever_o they_o come_v to_o be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o other_o fit_a person_n by_o he_o procure_v and_o therefore_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o tax_n and_o tollage_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o goth_n of_o old_a bureus_fw-la co._n litlet_n 75._o bureus_fw-la and_o remain_v in_o sweden_n at_o this_o day_n the_o number_n of_o these_o fee_n much_o increase_v so_o as_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n they_o be_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o which_o be_v a_o mighty_a body_n for_o a_o small_a island_n and_o bring_v much_o honour_n to_o the_o nation_n but_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o beneath_o tenure_n soccage_n tenure_n i_o mean_v from_o the_o soccage_n tenure_n or_o service_n of_o the_o plough_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v perform_v by_o those_o that_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o war_n either_o be_v green_a and_o young_a or_o decrepet_n and_o age_a tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o woman_n but_o after_o that_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n be_v at_o a_o stop_n and_o that_o no_o more_o be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o blood_n man_n endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v their_o desire_n by_o sweat_n and_o turn_v their_o sword_n into_o ploughshare_n and_o thus_o the_o husbandry_n increase_v exceed_o and_o have_v prove_v the_o best_a pillar_n of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o tenure_n be_v full_o set_v out_o by_o the_o reporter_n 33._o co._n litlet_n foe_fw-mi 86._o ll._n edw._n c._n 33._o spiceleg_n ll._n edw._n c._n 33._o nor_o can_v i_o add_v thereto_o more_o than_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n concern_v these_o man_n viz._n that_o no_o man_n may_v trouble_v they_o but_o for_o their_o rent_n nor_o any_o lord_n thrust_v they_o out_o of_o their_o farm_n so_o long_o as_o they_o do_v their_o service_n and_o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o service_n become_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o condition_n subsequent_a beget_v a_o increaser_n of_o the_o estate_n which_o by_o continuance_n wrought_v a_o inheritance_n and_o so_o the_o title_n of_o entry_n be_v turn_v whole_o into_o distress_n for_o service_n not_o perform_v yet_o the_o lord_n be_v no_o loose_a thereby_o so_o long_o as_o heriot_n rent_n and_o service_n accrue_v unto_o he_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o court_n incident_a and_o unite_a unto_o manor_n by_o grant_n make_v by_o lord_n unto_o tenant_n already_o note_v the_o lord_n have_v power_n by_o common_a right_n to_o call_v their_o tenant_n before_o they_o and_o inquire_v concern_v their_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o performance_n of_o service_n which_o become_v court_n of_o constant_a appointment_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o free_a man_n the_o other_o for_o the_o bond_n man_n and_o this_o bring_v forth_o a_o other_o service_n courtleet_n courtleet_n
which_o we_o call_v suit_n of_o court_n the_o court_n of_o free_a man_n be_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n wherein_o the_o free_a man_n 72._o miror_fw-la p._n 17._o lind._o gloss_n albin_n hist_o saxon._n p._n 72._o as_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o from_o they_o name_v as_o at_o this_o day_n court_n leete_n or_o the_o court_n of_o the_o liti_fw-la or_o such_o as_o be_v manumit_v or_o free_a man_n in_o this_o court_n all_o action_n or_o suit_n between_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o within_o the_o same_o arise_v be_v determine_v nor_o can_v any_o court_n no_o not_o the_o king_n intermeddle_v with_o such_o suit_n before_o trial_n have_v but_o by_o the_o lord_n allowance_n and_o upon_o this_o privilege_n the_o writ_n of_o right_a patent_n be_v ground_v but_o the_o full_a nature_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o within_o my_o intention_n but_o i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o law-booke_n 2._o f._n n._n br._n 2._o for_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o work_n and_o power_n which_o this_o court_n obtain_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n in_o regard_n that_o manor_n exceed_o multiply_v so_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v leave_v free_a and_o many_o one_o of_o they_o extend_v into_o divers_a decennary_n the_o lord_n obtain_v great_a power_n over_o they_o frankpledge_a view_v of_o frankpledge_a and_o have_v of_o king_n grant_v of_o view_n of_o frankpledge_a within_o their_o several_a lordship_n and_o further_a power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o punish_v of_o matter_n of_o public_a nuisance_n and_o such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o coronam_fw-la which_o by_o custom_n become_v annex_v unto_o the_o court-leete_a the_o nuisance_n of_o copy-holds_a be_v do_v to_o disherison_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o not_o proper_a for_o the_o court_n of_o public_a inquiry_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o courtleet_n be_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n for_o the_o directory_n part_n and_o the_o steward_n be_v proper_o coroner_n within_o the_o manor_n to_o take_v presentment_n and_o certify_v they_o to_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n and_o thus_o this_o court_n swallow_v up_o much_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o decenner_n court_n in_o the_o very_a infancy_n so_o as_o we_o find_v no_o footstep_n of_o any_o writ_n of_o right_a to_o the_o decenner_n or_o chief_a pledge_n but_o contrariwise_o many_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_v grant_v to_o particular_a person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n 1_o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1_o and_o many_o thing_n do_v by_o the_o chief_a pledge_n in_o the_o court_n of_o these_o manor_n as_o be_v to_o be_v yet_o see_v in_o many_o ancient_a court_n roll_n the_o other_o court_n which_o by_o common_a right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n be_v that_o of_o the_o copyholder_n baron_n court_n baron_n call_v or_o rather_o include_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr which_o albeit_o it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o ordinary_o stile_n curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la yet_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o i_o conceive_v 57_o co._n instit_fw-la cap._n 57_o and_o it_o may_v be_v by_o way_n of_o mistake_n for_o baronis_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o proper_o unite_v former_o to_o the_o court_n of_o free_a man_n as_o ab_fw-la excellentiori_fw-la it_o always_o pass_v under_o that_o name_n yet_o when_o that_o court_n be_v omit_v and_o slip_v out_o of_o the_o way_n the_o court_n of_o copyholder_n that_o remain_v improper_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o that_o which_o be_v go_v this_o court_n at_o the_o first_o be_v intend_v only_o for_o the_o lord_n benefit_n and_o for_o the_o tenant_n right_a as_o subservient_fw-fr thereunto_o i_o say_v the_o tenant_n right_a not_o against_o their_o lord_n for_o they_o have_v no_o right_n against_o he_o but_o against_o any_o other_o they_o have_v protection_n of_o law_n both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o estate_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o by_o custom_n or_o rather_o light_a of_o religion_n their_o person_n and_o estate_n be_v considerable_a even_o by_o the_o lord_n themselves_o which_o also_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v ut_fw-la sic_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la agant_fw-la quatenus_fw-la erga_fw-la deum_fw-la reatum_fw-la non_fw-la incurrant_fw-la &_o regem_fw-la non_fw-la offendant_fw-la edw._n ll._n edw._n which_o law_n can_v never_o be_v intend_v of_o the_o free_a holder_n for_o it_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a redundancy_n to_o have_v make_v a_o especial_a law_n for_o that_o which_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o the_o know_a fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o which_o a_o speedy_a remedy_n lie_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o that_o these_o man_n how_o mean_a soever_o have_v even_o in_o those_o day_n a_o kind_n of_o property_n both_o in_o land_n and_o good_n for_o the_o law_n though_o by_o their_o antique_a language_n darken_v 33._o selden_n spicil_n 184._o cap._n 33._o yet_o plain_o speak_v the_o terra_fw-la sva_fw-la &_o catallis_fw-la ejus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o ancient_a german_n be_v so_o generous_a to_o their_o bondman_n sure_o much_o rather_o after_o their_o come_n into_o this_o island_n in_o as_o much_o as_o their_o service_n be_v more_o and_o more_o necessary_a in_o agriculture_n which_o can_v never_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o native_n who_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o person_n conquer_v although_o their_o land_n be_v chap._n xxxiii_o of_o township_n and_o their_o market_n the_o next_o franchese_n be_v that_o of_o town_n this_o be_v take_v up_o as_o a_o birth_n of_o war_n and_o nurse_n of_o peace_n for_o their_o ancestor_n like_v not_o to_o dwell_v in_o crowd_n tacitus_n tacitus_n ne_fw-la pati_fw-la quidem_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la junctas_fw-la sedes_fw-la it_o be_v their_o trade_n or_o pastime_n to_o war_n upon_o beast_n when_o they_o find_v no_o enemy_n among_o they_o this_o solitudinary_a custom_n can_v not_o be_v soon_o shake_v off_o and_o may_v well_o occasion_v multitude_n of_o town_n in_o those_o time_n though_o small_a one_o doubtless_o that_o writer_n speak_v of_o if_o true_a it_o be_v that_o after_o the_o waste_a time_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n be_v find_v in_o england_n forty_o five_o thousand_o parish_n and_o sixty_o two_o thousand_o village_n nor_o be_v peace_n less_o beneficial_a to_o they_o then_o they_o careful_a of_o it_o for_o by_o continuance_n of_o peace_n husbandry_n manufacture_n and_o commerce_v occasion_v people_n to_o gather_v to_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n in_o good_a soil_n nigh_o navigable_a river_n or_o havens_n and_o according_a to_o their_o situation_n and_o trade_n so_o they_o swell_v in_o multitude_n or_o decay_a some_o of_o who_o grow_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o more_o care_n be_v have_v of_o their_o government_n and_o safety_n for_o the_o late_a by_o build_v of_o wall_n and_o castle_n and_o for_o the_o former_a by_o settle_v a_o magistracy_n peculiar_a to_o that_o place_n or_o township_n not_o as_o so_o many_o decenner_n but_o as_o one_o body_n consist_v of_o many_o member_n and_o thus_o by_o custom_n they_o grow_v to_o be_v fraternity_n or_o corporation_n under_o one_o magistrate_n or_o head_n who_o they_o call_v alderman_n and_o hold_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o first_o hold_v twice_o a_o year_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o leet_n with_o a_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_n market_n ll._n canut_n cap._n 44._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o market_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o dorcester_n circeter_n and_o doncaster_n in_o alfred_n time_n and_o herewith_o they_o have_v public_a market_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o their_o better_a convenience_n this_o privilege_n of_o market_n be_v a_o liberty_n of_o public_a sale_n and_o trade_n in_o commodity_n that_o principal_o concern_v the_o belly_n but_o by_o common_a course_n become_v a_o pass_n for_o commodity_n of_o every_o kind_n almost_o concern_v this_o liberty_n i_o shall_v desire_v leave_n to_o interpose_v this_o parenthesis_n ensue_v before_o i_o proceed_v in_o the_o intend_a discourse_n in_o the_o first_o time_n as_o every_o man_n by_o common_a right_n have_v property_n in_o his_o own_o good_n so_o by_o the_o same_o right_n he_o have_v power_n to_o alien_n they_o to_o any_o person_n at_o any_o time_n in_o any_o place_n by_o gift_n sale_n exchange_n or_o other_o way_n and_o that_o by_o such_o alienation_n but_o especial_o by_o sale_n a_o right_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o buyer_n against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o eignee_n right_o which_o be_v recompense_v upon_o warranty_n and_o recovery_n in_o value_n and_o in_o those_o day_n common_a sense_n teach_v man_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v of_o or_o to_o the_o next_o neighbour_n that_o will_v bargain_n with_o they_o and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o occasion_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o next_o assembly_n
meeting_n or_o concourse_n of_o people_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o such_o commodity_n as_o their_o neighbourhood_n will_v not_o take_v off_o their_o hand_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n that_o have_v wall_n or_o castle_n become_v the_o great_a market_n and_o other_o less_o and_o this_o make_v the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o town_n to_o repair_v thither_o to_o buy_v as_o other_o to_o sell_v but_o time_n discover_v a_o double_a inconvenience_n herein_o viz._n that_o by_o these_o less_o public_a sale_n in_o small_a village_n where_o little_a or_o no_o care_n of_o right_n or_o justice_n be_v have_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o word_n pagan_n become_v a_o word_n of_o reproach_n many_o man_n good_n by_o clandestine_v contract_n be_v lose_v and_o no_o care_n have_v of_o their_o recovery_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o public_a that_o the_o great_a town_n appoint_v for_o the_o strength_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n become_v ill_o provide_v with_o supply_n of_o victual_n either_o for_o the_o present_a or_o future_a and_o what_o be_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v get_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n and_o high_a rate_n than_o the_o country_n village_n have_v the_o wise_a man_n by_o public_a edict_n lay_v a_o restraint_n of_o market_n in_o small_a village_n and_o more_o private_a place_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n have_v market_n former_o become_v more_o public_a market_n not_o by_o any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n from_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o neither_o have_v such_o power_n nor_o can_v have_v but_o upon_o usurpation_n against_o the_o common_a right_n of_o such_o town_n and_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n this_o restraint_n upon_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v make_v first_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o law_n but_o more_o clear_o declare_v and_o confirm_v afterward_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_n which_o never_o give_v any_o new_a right_n of_o market_n overt_a unto_o those_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n but_o only_o do_v inhibit_v the_o same_o in_o the_o small_a village_n and_o private_a place_n in_o which_o respect_n although_o the_o king_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o future_a time_n take_v leave_v to_o abolish_v that_o restraint_n which_o do_v lie_v upon_o some_o of_o those_o more_o private_a place_n for_o certain_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o so_o these_o place_n become_v market_n overt_a which_o former_o be_v none_o yet_o can_v they_o never_o take_v away_o that_o privilege_n which_o nature_n itself_o cast_v upon_o those_o great_a town_n be_v the_o very_a limb_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o wrong_n do_v to_o common_a right_n and_o the_o public_a good_a nor_o abridge_v they_o of_o that_o power_n but_o that_o they_o may_v still_o use_v their_o liberty_n at_o time_n and_o place_n within_o their_o precinct_n as_o may_v best_o conduce_v with_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n even_o as_o any_o particular_a free_a man_n may_v govern_v his_o own_o estate_n as_o he_o like_v best_o and_o thus_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a burrough_n of_o this_o kingdom_n proper_o do_v not_o hold_v their_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n but_o by_o common_a right_n and_o not_o as_o a_o corporation_n make_v by_o charter_n but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n ancient_o gather_v together_o and_o unite_a upon_o who_o the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v or_o do_v former_o much_o more_o depend_v then_o on_o any_o of_o the_o small_a village_n &_o open_a town_n even_o as_o every_o free_a man_n possess_v and_o use_v his_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n without_o particular_a privilege_n derive_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v the_o king_n take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a from_o such_o place_n more_o than_o he_o can_v take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v from_o any_o free_a man_n to_o who_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o liberty_n of_o ownership_n this_o i_o submit_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o same_o this_o liberty_n of_o township_n thus_o make_v and_o the_o place_n and_o people_n inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n in_o the_o public_a administration_n have_v for_o their_o better_a support_n and_o safety_n liberty_n of_o fortification_n gloss_n ll._n edw._n cap._n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 12._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 13._o gloss_n and_o power_n to_o charge_v one_o another_o with_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o fortification_n by_o a_o imposition_n call_v burghbote_n and_o hold_v their_o tenement_n under_o a_o rent_n to_o their_o lord_n or_o king_n call_v burgage_n as_o they_o be_v a_o body_n aggregate_v chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o forest_n beside_o other_o prerogative_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n they_o have_v also_o a_o franchise_n for_o wild_a beast_n for_o the_o chase_n which_o we_o common_o call_v forrest_n be_v a_o precinct_n of_o ground_n neither_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n nor_o the_o diocese_n nor_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o rather_o appendant_a thereunto_o this_o savour_v of_o the_o old_a german_a sport_n but_o by_o custom_n turn_v from_o sport_n to_o earnest_n for_o although_o in_o the_o first_o time_n the_o saxon_n be_v so_o few_o and_o the_o country_n so_o spacious_a that_o they_o may_v allow_v the_o beast_n their_o farm_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o their_o own_o people_n nevertheless_o so_o multiply_v as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v intercommon_a either_o with_o beast_n or_o fish_n the_o former_a whereof_o however_o more_o cleanly_a yet_o the_o latter_a have_v the_o sure_a footing_n and_o be_v choose_v as_o the_o least_o of_o two_o evil_n rather_o than_o for_o any_o likelihood_n of_o good_a neighbourhood_n for_o as_o nature_n teach_v beast_n to_o prey_n for_o themselves_o so_o man_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o and_o this_o breed_v such_o a_o feud_n between_o beast_n and_o man_n as_o that_o king_n doubt_v to_o loose_v their_o game_n take_v in_o with_o the_o weak_a that_o the_o world_n may_v see_v the_o happiness_n of_o england_n where_o beast_n enjoy_v their_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o man_n but_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o compromise_n for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o hard_o to_o have_v please_v the_o free_a man_n who_o have_v liberty_n of_o game_n within_o their_o own_o ground_n by_o common_a right_n 77_o ll._n canut_n c._n 77_o and_o to_o preserve_v the_o king_n liberty_n of_o forest_n coincident_a therewith_o have_v not_o the_o king_n employ_v on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o power_n of_o a_o dane_n that_o look_v somewhat_o like_o a_o conqueror_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o which_o look_v as_o like_v to_o the_o bounty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o allow_v liberty_n of_o ownership_n to_o man_n inhabit_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o all_o his_o wit_n to_o make_v a_o law_n somewhat_o short_a of_o a_o full_a freedom_n and_o yet_o outreach_v that_o of_o bondage_n which_o we_o since_o have_v commend_v to_o posterity_n under_o the_o forest_n charter_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o prove_v a_o hard_a matter_n for_o king_n to_o hunt_v by_o law_n and_o the_o law_n itself_o a_o yoke_n somewhat_o too_o heavy_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o bear_v in_o old_a age_n if_o self_n deny_v majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o take_v it_o away_o chap._n xxxv_o concern_v judge_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o several_a tribe_n and_o member_n of_o this_o commonweal_n which_o like_o so_o many_o conduit_n head_n derive_v the_o influence_n of_o government_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o island_n and_o in_o every_o of_o which_o judiciary_n power_n act_v itself_o in_o all_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o verge_n of_o that_o precinct_n some_o of_o which_o have_v more_o extraordinary_a trial_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n of_o lord_n according_a as_o the_o party_n concern_v be_v of_o great_a degree_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o more_o public_a concernment_n example_n hereof_o be_v the_o case_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o leoftin_n in_o aetheldreds_n time_n and_o between_o the_o two_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o durham_n in_o edward_n time_n but_o custom_n make_v this_o court_n stoop_v to_o small_a game_n in_o latter_a time_n and_o to_o reach_v at_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o county_n court_n by_o send_v the_o king_n writ_n to_o remove_v certain_a cause_n from_o the_o cognisance_n of_o those_o rural_a judicatories_n to_o their_o sublime_a determination_n 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6_o 7_o 8._o and_o thus_o become_v the_o council_n of_o lord_n as_o a_o oracle_n to_o
the_o whole_a nation_n and_o the_o king_n among_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o priest_n that_o many_o time_n render_v the_o answer_n or_o sentence_n of_o that_o oracle_n in_o his_o own_o sense_n and_o have_v it_o confirm_v to_o he_o by_o a_o oath_n se_fw-la judicium_fw-la rectum_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la facturum_fw-la &_o justiciam_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la tenturum_fw-la 16._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 16._o so_o as_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o in_o view_n yet_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n be_v the_o first_o in_o nature_n and_o the_o cynosure_n to_o direct_v his_o tongue_n and_o action_n from_o this_o fountain_n issue_v also_o stream_n of_o judicature_n into_o all_o part_n by_o judge_n itinerant_a under_o the_o king_n commission_n to_o reform_v error_n punish_v default_n in_o the_o ordinary_a rural_a judicatories_n 3._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o &_o ca._n 1._o sec._n 3._o and_o to_o dissolve_v hard_a and_o knotty_a case_n and_o these_o be_v occasion_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n and_o alfred_n who_o birth_n this_o be_v send_v they_o forth_o in_o way_n of_o association_n with_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o other_o ordinary_a magistrate_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o proceed_n in_o judicature_n by_o indictment_n appeal_v praesentment_n and_o action_n for_o the_o proceed_n in_o course_n the_o saxon_n be_v wont_a to_o begin_v with_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o afterward_o to_o secular_a cause_n in_o which_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v criminal_a the_o most_o ancient_a way_n of_o proceed_v be_v by_o appeal_n of_o the_o party_n complain_v but_o afterward_o in_o case_n that_o concern_v damage_n injury_n or_o violence_n do_v to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n or_o his_o estate_n the_o king_n be_v find_v to_o be_v therein_o prejudice_v beside_o the_o prejudice_n immediate_o do_v to_o the_o subject_n for_o a_o man_n disable_v in_o body_n or_o estate_n be_v disable_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o public_a indictment_n indictment_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o punish_v the_o offender_n by_o indictment_n beside_o the_o satisfaction_n do_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v the_o proceed_n against_o such_o delinquent_n be_v by_o attachment_n of_o the_o party_n 15._o lambert_n ll._n inae_fw-la 15._o who_o thereupon_o give_v pledge_n for_o his_o appearance_n if_o the_o party_n can_v not_o be_v find_v a_o fugam_fw-la fecit_fw-la be_v return_v and_o that_o be_v a_o conviction_n in_o law_n and_o pursuit_n be_v make_v after_o the_o party_n by_o hue_n and_o cry_n if_o he_o be_v thereby_o take_v the_o ancient_a way_n be_v that_o of_o halifax_n law_n but_o in_o late_a time_n he_o be_v imprison_v 22._o ll._n inae_fw-la lam_n foe_n 7._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 6._o miror_fw-la c._n 2._o sec._n 24._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 4._o miror_fw-la p._n 255._o gloss_n 335._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 9_o &_o 10._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 7._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 45._o miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 22._o or_o admit_v to_o bail_v if_o the_o offence_n be_v bailable_a and_o if_o the_o party_n bail_v make_v default_n or_o do_v not_o abide_v the_o trial_n his_o bail_n suffer_v as_o principal_n if_o no_o bail_n can_v be_v procure_v the_o delinquent_n be_v imprison_v till_o he_o be_v legal_o acquit_v but_o this_o imprisonment_n be_v only_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o restraint_n if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v find_v upon_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n and_o will_v not_o yield_v himself_o he_o be_v in_o repute_n a_o common_a enemy_n and_o as_o a_o wolf_n any_o man_n may_v kill_v he_o as_o the_o law_n be_v also_o the_o same_o in_o case_n of_o utlary_n at_o the_o time_n of_o trial_n if_o at_o the_o king_n suit_n the_o delinquent_n be_v indict_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o any_o party_n present_a i_o d.c._n do_v say_v for_o the_o king_n that_o i._o s._n be_v defame_v by_o good_a man_n that_o he_o upon_o day_n of_o etc._n etc._n into_o the_o house_n and_o good_n of_o do_v cast_v fire_n and_o the_o same_o do_v burn_v or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o bloodshed_n with_o a_o sword_n do_v strike_v and_o wound_v he_o in_o the_o left_a arm_n and_o that_o this_o be_v do_v felonious_o or_o if_o the_o case_n require_v traitorous_o and_o if_o i._n s._n deny_v the_o same_o i_o will_v for_o the_o king_n prove_v the_o matter_n against_o he_o as_o the_o king_n ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o say_v 15â—_n appeal_v miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 15â—_n by_o witness_n and_o twelve_o man_n but_o if_o the_o complaint_n be_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n than_o the_o prosecutor_n sue_v he_o upon_o appeal_v in_o manner_n follow_v i._o c._n appeal_v d._n h._n here_o present_a for_o that_o e_z father_n brother_n son_n or_o uncle_n according_a as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o i.c._n be_v in_o the_o peace_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n in_o the_o dwell_a house_n of_o e._n at_o etc._n etc._n the_o say_v d.h._n upon_o the_o day_n of_o in_o the_o year_n of_o with_o a_o sword_n make_v a_o wound_n of_o two_o inch_n long_o and_o six_o inch_n deep_a in_o the_o left_a pap_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v e._n whereof_o he_o die_v and_o this_o be_v do_v felonious_o and_o of_o malice_n forethink_v and_o if_o the_o say_v d.h._n shall_v deny_v the_o same_o the_o say_a i.c._n be_v ready_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o against_o he_o by_o his_o body_n or_o as_o a_o monk_n woman_n or_o clerk_n behoove_v to_o prove_v the_o same_o that_o be_v by_o champion_n for_o neither_o monk_n woman_n nor_o clerk_n be_v by_o law_n to_o justify_v by_o battle_n in_o their_o own_o person_n the_o several_a cause_n of_o appeal_n and_o indictment_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n book_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n it_o not_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o discourse_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o particular_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o indictment_n former_a and_o late_a and_o between_o they_o and_o appeal_n viz._n that_o appeal_v be_v positive_a accusation_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prosecutor_n of_o the_o fact_n do_v by_o the_o party_n appeal_v whereas_o indictment_n be_v only_o a_o publication_n or_o affirmation_n of_o the_o fame_n of_o a_o fact_n do_v by_o the_o party_n indict_v and_o wherein_o not_o guilty_a plead_v serve_v only_o as_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o quere_z to_o usher_v in_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n concern_v the_o fact_n second_o the_o difference_n between_o former_a indictment_n from_o these_o in_o these_o day_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o ancient_a indictment_n be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o one_o man_n those_o of_o the_o late_a sort_n be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o jury_n and_o the_o former_a be_v only_o of_o a_o fame_n the_o late_a of_o the_o fact_n presentment_n miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 23._o presentment_n a_o three_o way_n of_o bring_v controversy_n unto_o judgement_n concern_v only_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v of_o less_o consequence_n and_o these_o be_v introduce_v by_o way_n of_o presentment_n in_o the_o name_n or_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n in_o nature_n of_o positive_a accuse_v of_o one_o for_o a_o crime_n first_o lay_v down_o general_o and_o then_o assert_v by_o a_o particular_a fact_n in_o this_o manner_n i_o say_v for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n that_o h._n here_o be_v perjure_v and_o have_v break_v faith_n against_o the_o king_n because_o whereas_o h._n be_v or_o be_v chancellor_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v right_a or_o any_o remediall_a writ_n to_o any_o one_o yet_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o etc._n etc._n he_o sell_v to_o b._n a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n and_o will_v not_o grant_v the_o same_o under_o half_a a_o mark_n so_o as_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o indictment_n and_o presentment_n in_o those_o day_n be_v only_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o party_n delinquent_a be_v accuse_v and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o conclusion_n of_o the_o presentment_n which_o be_v without_o averment_n the_o last_o way_n of_o trial_n concern_v such_o offence_n that_o exceed_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o trespass_n do_v to_o a_o man_n person_n or_o his_o good_n action_n miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 24._o action_n and_o this_o be_v by_o way_n of_o action_n and_o it_o be_v to_o obtain_v recompense_n for_o damage_n sustain_v now_o because_o the_o former_a be_v call_v personal_a trespass_n the_o process_n be_v by_o attachment_n of_o the_o person_n who_o thereupon_o put_v in_o bail_n or_o else_o his_o person_n be_v secure_v by_o imprisonment_n till_o trial_n and_o satisfaction_n make_v but_o in_o the_o late_a that_o concern_v the_o realty_n 36._o ll._n aetheldr_n cap._n 20._o ll._n canut_n c._n 10_o
he_o over_o for_o though_o he_o may_v seem_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o chase_n to_o be_v draw_v to_o london_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v and_o that_o he_o rather_o seek_v after_o his_o enemy_n than_o it_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o perceive_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o power_n he_o dispute_v not_o the_o right_a although_o that_o be_v edgar_n but_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o long_o desire_a prey_n and_o yet_o he_o do_v it_o in_o a_o mannerly_a way_n as_o if_o he_o see_v in_o it_o somewhat_o more_o than_o gold_n and_o precious_a stone_n for_o though_o he_o may_v have_v take_v it_o by_o ravishment_n yet_o he_o choose_v the_o way_n of_o woo_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o mutual_a agreement_n thus_o this_o mighty_a conqueror_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v conquer_v and_o stoop_v under_o the_o law_n of_o a_o saxon_a king_n he_o become_v a_o king_n by_o leave_n wise_o foresee_v that_o a_o title_n get_v by_o election_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o be_v get_v by_o power_n chap._n xlv_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v by_o election_n some_o there_o be_v that_o build_v their_o opinion_n upon_o passionate_a note_n of_o angry_a writer_n and_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o duke_n way_n and_o title_n be_v whole_o by_o conquest_n and_o thence_o infer_v strange_a aphorism_n of_o state_n destructive_a to_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n let_v the_o reader_n please_v to_o peruse_v the_o ensue_a particular_n and_o thence_o conclude_v as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n be_v never_o further_o than_o the_o king_n thought_n if_o it_o ever_o enter_v therein_o else_o wherefore_o do_v he_o pretend_v other_o title_n to_o the_o world_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o his_o wisdom_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o pretend_v what_o he_o intend_v and_o yet_o in_o practice_n intend_v not_o at_o what_o he_o do_v pretend_v it_o will_v be_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o william_n coronation_n and_o his_o succeed_a government_n his_o coronation_n questionless_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n for_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n because_o he_o of_o canterbury_n be_v not_o canonical_a at_o his_o coronation_n he_o make_v a_o solemn_a covenant_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n which_o be_v bonae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la &_o antique_a leges_fw-la regni_fw-la 190._o hoveden_n eadmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o p._n 13._o m._n paris_n vit_fw-fr gulielm_n malmsb_n l._n 3._o for_n 154._o wigorn._n an._n 1066._o glossar_n ll._n gul._n spicil_n 190._o to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o church_n man_n to_o govern_v all_o the_o people_n just_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v righteous_a law_n and_o to_o inhibit_v all_o spoil_n and_o unjust_a judgement_n the_o people_n also_o enter_v into_o covenant_n with_o he_o that_o as_o well_o within_o the_o land_n as_o without_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n king_n william_n and_o in_o every_o place_n to_o keep_v with_o all_o fidelity_n his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o and_o against_o enemy_n and_o stranger_n to_o defend_v it_o be_v the_o selfsame_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o fealty_n that_o the_o saxon_n make_v to_o their_o king_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o paralel_v they_o both_o together_o the_o saxon_n be_v swear_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n and_o enemy_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n so_o as_o by_o the_o saxon_a way_n the_o allegiance_n first_o terminate_v on_o the_o kingdom_n and_o then_o as_o in_o order_n thereunto_o upon_o the_o king_n with_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n but_o the_o norman_a either_o whole_o omit_v the_o first_o as_o needless_a to_o be_v insert_v in_o a_o municipal_a law_n itself_o be_v a_o law_n in_o nature_n or_o else_o include_v all_o within_o the_o word_n land_n and_o honour_n take_v the_o same_o in_o a_o comprehensive_a sense_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v up_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n in_o few_o figure_n which_o may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a of_o the_o twain_o because_o little_a reason_n can_v be_v render_v why_o the_o king_n shall_v restrain_v that_o defence_n to_o his_o private_a land_n if_o he_o claim_v all_o by_o conquest_n when_o as_o all_o equal_o concern_v he_o or_o why_o he_o shall_v exclude_v the_o public_a when_o as_o both_o himself_o and_o all_o he_o have_v be_v embark_v therein_o and_o it_o may_v subsist_v without_o he_o but_o contrary_o not_o he_o without_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o my_o understanding_n nor_o do_v the_o thing_n enter_v into_o the_o king_n purpose_n if_o the_o file_n of_o his_o purpose_n be_v right_o consider_v for_o speak_v concern_v castle_n burrough_n and_o city_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o limb_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o kingdom_n be_v this_o the_o service_n of_o wall_n and_o fortification_n 61._o ll._n gul._n spicil_n 61._o and_o not_o much_o rather_o of_o man_n within_o those_o place_n of_o strength_n certain_o the_o plain_a english_a be_v that_o in_o time_n of_o breach_n of_o public_a quiet_a and_o peace_n the_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o order_n thereto_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o the_o king_n right_o include_v in_o the_o public_a defence_n else_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a conclusion_n that_o each_o man_n in_o particular_a and_o in_o their_o own_o person_n alone_o be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n right_a but_o be_v embody_a the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o more_o clear_o its_o apparent_a in_o that_o the_o service_n of_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o those_o day_n be_v determine_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 1213._o m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o 1213._o and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o which_o be_v more_o plain_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n in_o or_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n expound_v the_o same_o 1._o stat._n 7._o e._n 1._o but_o not_o to_o force_v the_o king_n sense_n by_o argument_n if_o the_o king_n have_v purposely_o omit_v that_o clause_n of_o the_o kingdom_n safety_n as_o of_o inferior_a regard_n to_o his_o own_o personal_a interest_n it_o be_v one_o of_o his_o rashe_v digression_n wherein_o he_o soon_o espy_v his_o error_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o strong_a and_o conquer_a army_n he_o hold_v himself_o unassure_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o better_a foundation_n then_o that_o which_o must_v change_v with_o the_o life_n of_o a_o few_o at_o the_o utmost_a and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n former_o mention_v he_o establish_v a_o law_n of_o association_n that_o all_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v swear_v brethren_n 59_o ll._n gulielm_n spicil_n 59_o 1._o to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o enemy_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n 2._o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n 3._o to_o maintain_v right_a and_o justice_n by_o all_o mean_n without_o deceit_n and_o delay_n join_v then_o these_o two_o oath_n together_o viz._n that_o of_o fealty_n and_o this_o of_o fraternity_n and_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o english_a to_o the_o norman_a king_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o may_v stand_v with_o brotherhood_n and_o tender_a regard_n of_o the_o public_a above_o all_o and_o differ_v from_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n only_o in_o this_o that_o that_o be_v in_o one_o oath_n &_o this_o in_o two_o wherefore_o whatsoever_o respect_v steer_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o king_n course_n it_o be_v less_o material_a so_o long_o as_o the_o van_n be_v right_a albeit_o that_o the_o sequel_n will_v prove_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o premise_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o whole_a account_n thus_o enter_v the_o first_o norman_n upon_o the_o saxon_a throne_n and_o as_o he_o have_v some_o colour_n of_o right_a to_o countenance_v his_o course_n rufus_n william_n rufus_n so_o have_v his_o son_n his_o father_n last_o will_n and_o yet_o he_o have_v as_o little_a right_n as_o he_o this_o be_v william_n rufus_n that_o be_v of_o his_o father_n way_n but_o of_o a_o deep_o die_v and_o therefore_o may_v well_o be_v call_v william_n rufus_n or_o william_n in_o grain_n he_o be_v exceed_v happy_a in_o the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o the_o
people_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o make_v room_n for_o his_o rise_n true_a it_o be_v he_o have_v the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o father_n but_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o probable_o the_o people_n as_o little_a regard_v it_o as_o he_o do_v they_o nor_o be_v it_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v of_o so_o light_a account_n as_o to_o pass_v by_o devise_n of_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v design_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n yet_o both_o right_a and_o possession_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o people_n to_o determine_v and_o maintain_v the_o clergy_n first_o lead_v the_o way_n paris_n eadmer_n hist_o wigorn._n m._n paris_n have_v fist_n take_v a_o recognizance_n of_o he_o for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n towards_o they_o which_o he_o assure_v as_o far_o as_o large_a promise_n and_o protestation_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n and_o within_o one_o year_n after_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o maintain_v possession_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n he_o give_v they_o as_o good_a security_n as_o the_o clergy_n have_v which_o he_o keep_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o one_o of_o so_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o title_n but_o what_o he_o have_v by_o the_o people_n leave_n and_o favour_n shall_v rule_v in_o such_o manner_n and_o yet_o die_v a_o king_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n be_v like_o a_o meteor_n that_o must_v be_v continual_o feed_v or_o it_o soon_o go_v out_o and_o fall_v for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v his_o elder_a brother_n roberts_n who_o be_v the_o brave_a man_n and_o more_o experience_a soldier_n and_o upon_o these_o principle_n have_v obtain_v the_o love_n of_o the_o norman_a baron_n the_o flower_n of_o his_o father_n chivalry_n 1088._o m._n paris_n an._n 1088._o &_o the_o like_n of_o the_o clergy_n after_o they_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n the_o emptiness_n of_o their_o hope_n in_o his_o brother_n william_n and_o be_v every_o way_n so_o superior_a to_o his_o brother_n in_o advantage_n as_o we_o be_v leave_v to_o believe_v that_o william_n get_v the_o day_n without_o any_o other_o ground_n but_o only_o that_o god_n will_v so_o have_v it_o it_o be_v true_a the_o english_a stooke_v close_o to_o he_o but_o how_o they_o be_v gain_v or_o contain_v writer_n speak_v not_o but_o tell_v we_o of_o his_o promise_n which_o also_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v vain_a and_o never_o have_v issue_n further_o than_o will_v stand_v with_o his_o profit_n exit_fw-la william_n rufus_n first_o henry_n first_o and_o in_o come_v his_o young_a brother_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n a_o prince_n that_o excel_v in_o wisdom_n and_o by_o it_o rule_v his_o courage_n which_o serve_v he_o so_o far_o as_o his_o aim_n and_o end_v reach_v his_o title_n be_v no_o better_a than_o his_o father_n or_o brother_n but_o rather_o worse_a for_o he_o have_v no_o colour_n of_o last_o will_n to_o propound_v he_o to_o the_o people_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n be_v still_o alive_a and_o by_o his_o service_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o war_n of_o jerusalem_n may_v merit_v that_o respect_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o not_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o be_v a_o loose_a by_o so_o well_o deserve_a service_n as_o in_o those_o day_n that_o be_v account_v nevertheless_o the_o english_a look_n upon_o henry_n as_o the_o fit_a man_n for_o their_o turn_n be_v now_o at_o hand_n and_o robert_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v a_o native_a bear_v in_o england_n civilise_a into_o the_o english_a garb_n by_o education_n and_o of_o a_o wise_a and_o fair_a demeanour_n and_o more_o incline_v to_o peaceable_a government_n which_o both_o norman_n and_o english_a much_o incline_v to_o as_o be_v weary_a of_o thirty_o year_n service_n in_o the_o war_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o marvellous_a if_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o he_o in_o a_o way_n of_o capitulation_n speed_n math._n paris_n 1100._o eadmer_n speed_n and_o less_o wonderful_a if_o he_o hearken_v thereunto_o and_o yet_o neither_o unadvised_o yield_v unto_o by_o he_o nor_o traitorous_o propound_v by_o they_o as_o some_o in_o zeal_n to_o monarchy_n conclude_v the_o point_n the_o worst_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v in_o this_o that_o the_o king_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v just_a that_o he_o may_v be_v great_a and_o the_o people_n to_o submit_v unto_o justice_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_a like_v as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v and_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v aught_o to_o be_v for_o that_o capitulation_n be_v in_o substance_n settle_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n mix_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o king_n father_n with_o the_o joint_a advice_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o which_o both_o the_o norman_a williams_n have_v often_o cofirm_v by_o solemn_a protestation_n and_o promise_n however_o their_o action_n upon_o sudden_a surprisal_n be_v malae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la and_o exactiones_fw-la injustae_fw-la paris_n math._n paris_n by_o this_o king_n own_o acknowledgement_n thus_o these_o three_o norman_a king_n make_v their_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n the_o first_o by_o arm_n under_o colour_n of_o title_n the_o second_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o title_n under_o colour_n of_o arm_n and_o the_o last_o by_o favour_n but_o all_o enter_v the_o same_o by_o capitulation_n election_n and_o stipulation_n and_o for_o the_o general_n have_v some_o regard_n to_o suit_v their_o course_n in_o order_n of_o retain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o people_n although_o in_o a_o different_a measure_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o occasion_n chap._n xlvi_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o norman_n proceed_v upon_o the_o saxon_a principle_n and_o first_o of_o parliament_n the_o principle_n which_o i_o mean_v be_v these_o first_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o the_o whole_a second_o the_o member_n of_o that_o government_n with_o their_o several_a motion_n three_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n or_o rule_n of_o those_o motion_n and_o first_o concern_v the_o legislative_a power_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o first_o williams_n great_a and_o most_o constant_a labour_n be_v to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o have_v but_o little_a time_n or_o liberty_n to_o enjoy_v yet_o that_o time_n of_o rest_n which_o have_v he_o do_v apply_v it_o and_o himself_o in_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o law_n by_o advice_n of_o common-council_n i_o say_v not_o by_o advice_n of_o his_o own_o heart_n or_o two_o or_o three_o norman_a lord_n or_o of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n only_o as_o some_o man_n take_v the_o confidence_n to_o aver_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v eye-witness_n to_o the_o action_n of_o those_o day_n but_o by_o the_o joint_n advise_v of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 5._o spicileg_n p._n 5._o i_o will_v not_o insist_v upon_o force_n of_o argument_n to_o show_v that_o common_a reason_n must_v of_o necessity_n sway_v the_o king_n into_o this_o course_n but_o shall_v reserve_v that_o to_o another_o place_n the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n must_v now_o serve_v the_o turn_n and_o herein_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o leichfield_n must_v have_v the_o first_o place_n which_o speak_v both_o of_o a_o council_n of_o lord_n and_o say_v that_o by_o their_o advice_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v summon_v a_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o noble_n and_o wise_a man_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o set_v down_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n this_o be_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o rather_o after_o his_o entry_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bring_v into_o any_o reasonable_a posture_n of_o quiet_a and_o which_o beside_o the_o intention_n of_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a unto_o law_n do_v strong_o pretend_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v the_o legislative_a power_n and_o right_n of_o cognisance_n and_o judicature_n in_o those_o law_n that_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a and_o for_o the_o particular_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o several_a place_n or_o precinct_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o committee_n or_o jury_n in_o every_o county_n to_o set_v they_o forth_o upon_o oath_n second_o that_o this_o council_n have_v power_n to_o change_v law_n may_v likewise_o appear_v in_o that_o act_n make_v concern_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n 4._o spicil_n 167._o fox_n mart._n l._n 4._o which_o show_v not_o only_o the_o power_n of_o that_o council_n in_o church-matter_n but_o also_o that_o the_o canon_n be_v no_o further_o in_o force_n then_o the_o same_o will_v allow_v and_o this_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n and_o the_o council_n
in_o fifteen_o manor_n two_o township_n with_o many_o liberty_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o a_o county_n court_n and_o that_o the_o sentence_n be_v allow_v and_o commend_v by_o the_o king_n and_o submit_v to_o by_o all_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o hundred_o court_n court_n hundred_o court_n of_o which_o there_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n allow_v two_o sort_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n this_o be_v former_o call_v the_o tear_v and_o be_v the_o sheriff_n court_n hereof_o little_a notice_n be_v take_v 8._o ll._n hen_n 1_o c_o 8._o save_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o its_o work_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o design_v to_o the_o view_n of_o free_a pledge_n but_o the_o more_o ordinary_a court_n be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o unto_o who_o also_o belong_v the_o fine_n in_o case_n there_o concern_v this_o court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o in_o each_o month_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n hen._n 1_o c._n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 42._o and_o no_o suit_n to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o regular_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o the_o hund_n ed._n no_o distringas_fw-la shall_v issue_v forth_o till_o three_o demand_n make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o three_o distress_n shall_v then_o issue_v forth_o and_o if_o upon_o the_o four_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o execution_n shall_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o distress_n and_o the_o complainant_n shall_v receive_v satisfaction_n but_o by_o the_o latter_a law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n there_o be_v but_o two_o summons_n allow_v and_o then_o two_o distress_n 64._o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 64._o and_o in_o case_n no_o appearance_n be_v execution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o complainant_n and_o for_o the_o king_n fine_a 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o last_o as_o the_o case_n concern_v either_o person_n or_o place_n sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v several_a hundred_o together_o into_o one_o court_n but_o this_o be_v by_o special_a commission_n or_o writ_n as_o touch_v inferior_a court_n of_o tow_n and_o manor_n there_o be_v little_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v 7._o court_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o be_v of_o too_o private_a a_o regard_n to_o come_v into_o fame_n in_o those_o rough_a time_n yet_o in_o henry_n the_o fir_v law_n be_v order_v that_o town_n court_n shall_v meet_v every_o month_n and_o that_o lord_n shall_v hold_v plea_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o steward_n and_o that_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o that_o parish_n with_o four_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n and_o the_o minister_n or_o parish_n priest_n shall_v join_v their_o assistance_n in_o that_o work_n but_o in_o nothing_o more_o do_v the_o norman_a king_n show_v their_o paternal_a love_n to_o the_o commonweal_n decenner_n decenner_n then_o in_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n for_o as_o of_o all_o other_o beauty_n it_o suffer_v most_o blemish_n from_o the_o storm_n of_o the_o norman_a invasion_n so_o be_v it_o their_o especial_a care_n to_o renew_v the_o life_n thereof_o not_o now_o among_o the_o native_n only_o but_o join_v the_o norman_n to_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o same_o bond_n of_o brotherhood_n utter_o drown_v thereby_o all_o memory_n of_o lordly_a power_n and_o so_o of_o divers_a people_n make_v one_o conquer_v even_o conquest_n itself_o if_o any_o be_v and_o make_v all_o joynt-partner_n in_o one_o common_a liberty_n 8._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 8._o every_o free_a man_n must_v be_v under_o pledge_n to_o satisfy_v justice_n in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n over_o every_o nine_o person_n under_o pledge_n there_o must_v be_v one_o man_n in_o authority_n view_v of_o free_a pledge_n must_v be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o decennary_n be_v full_a and_o if_o any_o be_v depart_v to_o inquire_v the_o cause_n and_o if_o any_o be_v come_v in_o whether_o he_o be_v under_o pledge_n or_o not_o and_o thus_o the_o norman_a king_n have_v their_o people_n under_o treble_a guard_n one_o of_o fealty_n the_o other_o of_o association_n and_o the_o three_o that_o of_o pledge_n and_o all_o little_a enough_o to_o secure_v that_o which_o they_o in_o their_o own_o conscience_n may_v have_v some_o cause_n to_o question_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o or_o not_o chap._n xlix_o of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o saxon_a free_a man_n under_o the_o norman_a government_n the_o freedom_n of_o a_o english_a man_n consist_v in_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o ownership_n of_o what_o he_o have_v second_o in_o vote_v any_o law_n whereby_o that_o ownership_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o three_o in_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o that_o judicatory_a power_n that_o must_v apply_v that_o law_n now_o that_o the_o english_a under_o the_o norman_n enjoy_v all_o this_o freedom_n unto_o each_o man_n own_o particular_a beside_o what_o they_o have_v in_o body_n aggregate_v may_v appear_v as_o follow_v the_o free_a man_n of_o england_n be_v such_o as_o either_o join_v in_o the_o war_n with_o harold_n against_o the_o norman_n or_o such_o as_o absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o way_n of_o opposition_n or_o enmity_n and_o be_v either_o wait_v upon_o their_o own_o affair_n or_o side_v with_o the_o norman_n and_o questionless_a all_o the_o sadness_n of_o the_o war_n befall_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o the_o english_a who_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o make_v the_o way_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n william_n regular_a and_o of_o one_o piece_n never_o fall_v so_o low_a as_o to_o come_v under_o the_o law_n or_o rather_o the_o will_n of_o conquest_n but_o in_o their_o worst_a condition_n be_v in_o truth_n within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n for_o treason_n against_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o claim_n be_v by_o title_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v the_o other_o sort_n either_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o norman_n friend_n or_o for_o aught_o appear_v so_o be_v and_o so_o never_o offend_v the_o law_n never_o suffer_v any_o penalty_n but_o hold_v their_o person_n and_o possession_n still_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o law_n as_o ancient_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o norman_n meaning_n they_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o the_o world_n in_o a_o fundamental_a law_n whereby_o be_v grant_v 55._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 55._o that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o and_o by_o this_o be_v secure_v against_o forfeiture_n they_o be_v further_o save_v from_o all_o wrong_n by_o the_o same_o law_n which_o provide_v that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o well_o or_o quiet_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a tax_n and_o from_o all_o tallage_n so_o as_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v nor_o take_v but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o by_o right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v this_o be_v expound_v in_o the_o law_n of_o h._n 1._o cap._n 4._o that_o no_o tribute_n or_o tax_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n under_o the_o word_n tax_n be_v understand_v monetagium_fw-la commune_v per_fw-la civitates_fw-la or_o comitatus_fw-la so_o as_o aide_n and_o escuage_n be_v not_o include_v for_o they_o be_v not_o charge_v upon_o county_n and_o city_n but_o upon_o tenor_n in_o knight-service_n nor_o be_v dane_n grelt_v hereby_o take_v away_o for_o that_o be_v a_o tax_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o grant_v by_o parliament_n so_o then_o the_o norman_a king_n claim_v no_o other_o right_n in_o the_o land_n and_o possesson_n of_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n then_o under_o and_o by_o the_o law_n or_o common_a right_n and_o they_o conclude_v the_o law_n with_o a_o sicut_fw-la which_o i_o thus_o english_a as_o it_o be_v enact_v to_o they_o or_o agree_v by_o they_o and_o unto_o they_o by_o we_o give_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o common-council_n of_o our_o whole_a kingdom_n nostri_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-fr eye_n &_o illis_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la datum_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la per_fw-la common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la i_o leave_v the_o word_n to_o be_v criticize_v upon_o as_o the_o reader_n shall_v please_v be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o most_o strain_a sense_n can_v reach_v no_o further_o then_o to_o make_v it_o sound_v as_o a_o estoppell_n or_o conclusion_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o make_v any_o further_a claim_n unto_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n then_o by_o law_n or_o right_n be_v warrantable_a under_o which_o notion_n conquest_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v come_v as_o shall_v more_o full_o be_v manifest_v hereafter_o but_o
the_o right_a genius_n of_o this_o law_n will_v also_o more_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o those_o time_n which_o even_o when_o justice_n itself_o do_v most_o importune_a so_o tender_o regard_v the_o liberty_n of_o man_n estate_n that_o no_o distress_n can_v issue_v without_o public_a warrant_n obtain_v 45._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 42._o &_o 45._o and_o upon_o three_o complaint_n first_o make_v and_o right_o not_o do_v and_o when_o rape_n and_o plunder_v be_v in_o the_o heat_n and_o man_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v no_o more_o right_a than_o they_o have_v power_n to_o maintain_v yet_o even_o then_o this_o law_n be_v refuge_n sufficient_a for_o such_o as_o be_v oppress_v norff._n gloss_n 227._o camb._n brit._n norff._n and_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o all_o usurpation_n and_o intrusion_n under_o pretext_n of_o the_o conqueror_n right_a whatsoever_o as_o by_o the_o case_n of_o edwine_n of_o sharneburne_n may_v appear_v second_o that_o the_o free_a man_n of_o england_n have_v vote_n in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n by_o which_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la be_v bound_v and_o maintain_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v nor_o shall_v i_o endeavour_v further_a therein_o three_o they_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o the_o judicatory_a power_n for_o first_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o of_o henry_n the_o first_o do_v sufficient_o manifest_v second_o they_o have_v a_o influence_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o sheriff_n who_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n be_v by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n 15._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 15._o three_o they_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o all_o judge_n by_o set_v a_o penal_a law_n upon_o they_o in_o case_n of_o corruption_n which_o if_o not_o so_o penal_a as_o to_o take_v away_o life_n be_v nevertheless_o penal_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o unjust_a judge_n to_o be_v a_o live_a pattern_n and_o example_n of_o misery_n to_o teach_v other_o to_o beware_v two_o thing_n more_o must_v be_v add_v though_o somewhat_o collateral_a to_o this_o purpose_n concern_v the_o right_a of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o the_o common_a mint_n and_o in_o their_o villain_n concern_v the_o mint_n 22._o ll._n aethelst_n c._n 6_o will_v aetheldr_n c._n 22._o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v make_v it_o as_o parcel_n of_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n only_o a_o overseership_n reserve_v the_o control_n and_o chief_a survey_n thereof_o to_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v state_v the_o same_o in_o the_o confessor_n time_n but_o after_o he_o the_o norman_n change_v the_o current_n according_a to_o their_o own_o like_n till_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o it_o be_v reduce_v into_o the_o ancient_a course_n 1._o ll._n hen._n 1._o allow_v no_o money_n but_o such_o as_o be_v currant_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o confessor_n who_o law_n also_o with_o some_o alteration_n by_o the_o conqueror_n with_o common_a advice_n he_o also_o establish_v concern_v the_o lord_n right_a to_o their_o villain_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o 66._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 65_o &_o 66._o that_o liberty_n of_o enfranchisement_n be_v allow_v which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v save_v second_o that_o enfranchisement_n proper_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o people_n or_o the_o body_n and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o deliver_v his_o villain_n by_o his_o right_a hand_n unto_o the_o sheriff_n in_o full_a county_n court_n and_o pronounce_v he_o free_a from_o his_o service_n and_o shall_v make_v room_n for_o he_o by_o free_a passage_n and_o open_a door_n and_o deliver_v he_o free_a arm_n viz._n a_o lance_n and_o a_o sword_n and_o then_o he_o be_v make_v a_o free_a man_n as_o i_o conceive_v to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n 66._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 66._o otherways_o there_o may_v be_v manumission_n as_o if_o the_o villain_n remain_v in_o a_o city_n burrough_n wall_a town_n or_o castle_n by_o a_o space_n of_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o no_o claim_n make_v to_o his_o service_n by_o his_o lord_n he_o shall_v be_v thenceforth_o free_a from_o the_o service_n of_o his_o lord_n for_o ever_o and_o yet_o this_o manumission_n can_v not_o conclude_v any_o but_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o heir_n or_o assign_n nor_o can_v it_o enforce_v the_o body_n to_o allow_v that_o for_o a_o member_n which_o be_v none_o before_o three_o that_o notwithstanding_o they_o allow_v the_o lord_n liberty_n of_o enfranchisement_n 65._o ll._n gulielm_n 65._o yet_o will_v they_o not_o allow_v they_o free_a liberty_n of_o dispose_v they_o as_o other_o chattel_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n may_v they_o sell_v their_o villain_n out_o of_o the_o country_n or_o beyond_o sea_n for_o the_o king_n have_v right_a to_o the_o mediate_a service_n of_o every_o villain_n though_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o immediate_a and_o therefore_o that_o law_n may_v hold_v in_o force_n nevertheless_o the_o ordinance_n that_o anselme_n make_v that_o no_o lord_n shall_v sell_v his_o villain_n they_o will_v never_o allow_v for_o a_o law_n nor_o do_v it_o hold_v in_o force_n chap._n l._n a_o recollection_n of_o certain_a norman_a law_n concern_v the_o crown_n in_o relation_n to_o those_o of_o the_o saxon_n former_o mention_v i_o call_v they_o norman_a law_n because_o they_o be_v allow_v by_o they_o or_o continue_v in_o force_n although_o many_o of_o they_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o saxon_n commandment_n first_o and_o second_o commandment_n one_o god_n must_v be_v worship_v and_o one_o faith_n of_o christ_n maintain_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n publish_v by_o mr_n selden_n 51._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 51._o and_o be_v for_o substance_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n save_v that_o we_o find_v it_o not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n summary_o until_o now_o so_o as_o by_o this_o law_n heresy_n and_o idolatry_n become_v crown_n plea_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v collect_v concern_v blasphemy_n concern_v which_o it_o be_v say_v as_o of_o the_o servant_n kill_v his_o lord_n that_o its_o impardonable_a 75_o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 75_o nor_o can_v any_o man_n offend_v herein_o but_o it_o endanger_v his_o whole_a estate_n the_o trial_n of_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o find_v particular_o set_v forth_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o as_o possible_o in_o the_o county_n court_n of_o the_o tear_v where_o the_o bishop_n be_v present_a jura_n divina_fw-la edocere_fw-la peterpence_n ciricksceate_n and_o tithe_n must_v be_v due_o pay_v these_o be_v all_o saxon_a law_n unite_v to_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v only_o the_o first_o william_n especial_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n any_o man_n worth_a thirty_o penny_n in_o chattel_n do_v pay_v four_o penny_n for_o his_o part_n 10._o ll._n gul._n c._n 18._o etc._n etc._n 20._o ll._n hen._n 1_o c._n 10._o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a both_o for_o himself_o and_o his_o retinue_n whether_o servant_n or_o retainer_n and_o default_n in_o payment_n of_o these_o duty_n be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n invasion_n upon_o the_o right_n of_o sanctuary_n fine_v this_o i_o note_v not_o so_o much_o in_o relation_n to_o any_o such_o law_n among_o the_o saxon_n 1._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o future_a custom_n which_o now_o begin_v to_o alter_v according_a to_o the_o increase_n or_o wane_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o do_v not_o find_v this_o misdemeanour_n to_o be_v former_o so_o much_o take_v to_o heart_n by_o the_o crown_n nor_o possible_o will_v it_o have_v be_v at_o this_o time_n but_o that_o the_o king_n must_v protect_v the_o church_n if_o he_o mean_v to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o and_o it_o be_v take_v kind_o by_o the_o churchman_n till_o they_o find_v they_o be_v able_a enough_o to_o defend_v their_o own_o right_n by_o themselves_o among_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o church_n right_n this_o one_o especial_o be_v confirm_v viz._n that_o any_o delinquent_n shall_v have_v liberty_n of_o sanctuary_n to_o enjoy_v both_o life_n and_o member_n notwithstanding_o any_o law_n to_o the_o contrary_n this_o privilege_n be_v claim_v by_o the_o canon_n but_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o temporal_a power_n or_o else_o it_o can_v not_o be_v have_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o king_n former_o do_v by_o their_o charter_n of_o foundation_n grant_v such_o privilege_n in_o particular_a yet_o can_v not_o such_o grant_v create_v such_o immunity_n contrary_a unto_o or_o notwithstanding_o any_o public_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o monastery_n have_v their_o foundation_n confirm_v by_o
parliament_n or_o general_a assembly_n of_o wise_a man_n if_o the_o first_o foundation_n be_v not_o lay_v thereon_o work_v upon_o the_o feast_n day_n punish_v by_o fine_a 10_o 4._o commandment_n ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 10_o before_o this_o time_n no_o day_n for_o solemn_a worship_n of_o god_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o lord_n day_n by_o this_o all_o day_n celebrate_v or_o institute_v by_o the_o church_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o holy_a observation_n of_o these_o day_n make_v inquirable_a and_o punish_v among_o other_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n commandment_n 6_o commandment_n breach_n of_o the_o peace_n bloodshed_n and_o man_n slaughter_v punish_v by_o fine_a this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o be_v continue_v without_o alteration_n till_o about_o alfred_n time_n who_o zeal_n against_o blood_n cause_v murder_n to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o the_o dane_n bring_v in_o a_o moderation_n if_o it_o may_v right_o be_v so_o call_v be_v now_o second_v by_o their_o kindred_n the_o norman_n who_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o punishment_n by_o death_n 67._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 67._o partly_o because_o be_v a_o warlike_a people_n bloodshed_n may_v seem_v to_o rank_n itself_o under_o the_o regiment_n of_o valour_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o owe_v much_o to_o that_o title_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o that_o they_o have_v get_v in_o england_n and_o to_o prevent_v scandal_n enter_v upon_o the_o rear_n opinion_n step_v in_o that_o a_o miserable_a life_n be_v more_o penal_a than_o death_n and_o therefore_o in_o crime_n of_o the_o deep_a die_n they_o will_v to_o fine_a and_o loss_n of_o member_n ibid._n ibid._n and_o which_o course_n prevail_v most_o either_o to_o stop_v or_o enlarge_v the_o course_n of_o that_o sin_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o such_o as_o intend_v to_o make_v trial_n but_o in_o matter_n of_o less_o malignancy_n the_o purse_n rather_o smart_v then_o the_o body_n wherein_o they_o proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o punishment_n of_o death_n by_o violence_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o fine_a to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o mercy_n or_o rigour_n of_o any_o person_n etc._n miror_fw-la 254._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 8_o 10_o 12_o 13_o etc._n etc._n but_o only_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o which_o set_v down_o in_o certainty_n both_o the_o nature_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o fine_a and_o leave_v that_o memorial_n upon_o record_n of_o a_o good_a mind_n at_o least_o to_o a_o equitable_a and_o just_a government_n in_o all_o these_o case_n of_o breach_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n court_n become_v possess_v of_o the_o right_n of_o cognisance_n and_o the_o peace_n be_v now_o call_v the_o king_n peace_n not_o so_o much_o because_o that_o it_o be_v leave_v only_o to_o his_o providentiall_a care_n to_o maintain_v as_o because_o the_o fine_n 3._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 3._o for_o most_o of_o those_o crime_n pertain_v to_o the_o king_n for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o crime_n that_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la as_o will_v be_v more_o clear_v hereafter_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o subject_n with_o these_o three_o observation_n first_o that_o the_o law_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v so_o general_a as_o they_o then_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o place_n or_o person_n 10._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 10._o but_o whether_o the_o peace_n be_v break_v upon_o holy_a or_o common_a ground_n or_o upon_o a_o layman_n or_o one_o in_o order_n the_o lay_v power_n seize_v upon_o all_o the_o second_o be_v the_o care_n they_o have_v for_o apprehend_v of_o the_o offender_n in_o this_o kind_n if_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v a_o norman_a or_o frenchman_n 53._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 53._o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manslayer_n be_v charge_v to_o have_v he_o forthcoming_a within_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o to_o pay_v the_o king_n fine_a of_o 46_o mark_n so_o long_o as_o he_o have_v wherewith_o to_o satisfy_v and_o what_o remain_v the_o whole_a hundred_o be_v charge_v but_o if_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v of_o any_o other_o people_n 26._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 26._o the_o hundred_o be_v immediate_o charge_v with_o the_o manslayer_n and_o must_v bring_v he_o to_o answer_v within_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o pay_v the_o king_n fine_a the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o care_n they_o have_v to_o prevent_v breach_n of_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a first_o in_o settle_v of_o nightwatche_n by_o all_o city_n burrough_n castle_n and_o hundred_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o sheriff_n or_o chief_a officer_n by_o common_a council_n shall_v advise_v for_o the_o best_a safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 56._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 46._o ll._n h._n 1._o cap._n 8._o second_o in_o forbid_v entertainment_n of_o unknown_a person_n above_o three_o day_n without_o surety_n for_o his_o good_a abearance_n or_o become_v his_o pledge_n for_o the_o public_a safety_n nor_o to_o let_v any_o person_n pass_v away_o without_o testimony_n under_o the_o minister_n and_o neighbour_n hand_n of_o their_o good_a carriage_n a_o man_n commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o marry_a woman_n shall_v forfeit_v to_o his_o lord_n the_o price_n of_o his_o life_n commandment_n 7._o commandment_n this_o make_v the_o crime_n inquirable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o a_o offence_n contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la 14._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 14._o but_o afterward_o it_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n and_o inquirable_a among_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 10._o will_v hen._n 1._o c._n 10._o force_v upon_o a_o woman_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o ravish_v she_o be_v fineable_a but_o if_o a_o rape_n be_v commit_v 19_o ll._n gul._n c._n 19_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o loss_n of_o member_n the_o crime_n and_o offence_n against_o this_o commandment_n be_v always_o punish_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n by_o fine_a at_o the_o least_o and_o be_v still_o in_o the_o norman_n time_n prosecute_v in_o the_o same_o way_n notwithstanding_o the_o grow_a authority_n of_o the_o canon_n commandment_n 8._o commandment_n robbery_n be_v finable_a the_o different_a law_n between_o the_o saxon_n angles_n and_o dane_n now_o by_o the_o norman_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o more_o merciful_a way_n and_o in_o case_n the_o delinquent_n make_v flight_n the_o pledge_n satisfy_v the_o law_n for_o he_o 10._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 4._o glanv_n l._n 6._o c._n 6._o hoveden_n 9_o commandment_n ll._n gulielm_n c._n 57_o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 10._o but_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o law_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o death_n and_o so_o have_v continue_v there_o shall_v be_v true_a weight_n and_o measure_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o those_o shall_v be_v seal_v and_o this_o be_v the_o constant_a saxon_n law_n perjury_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o as_o former_o still_o inquirable_a among_o the_o crown_n plea_n chap._n li._n the_o like_a of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o good_n if_o cattle_n be_v take_v by_o distress_n the_o party_n that_o will_v replery_n they_o shall_v pay_v for_o the_o return_n of_o the_o cattle_n 6._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 6._o and_o give_v security_n to_o bring_v the_o distress_n into_o the_o court_n if_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n it_o be_v demand_v this_o law_n i_o take_v to_o be_v intend_v where_o the_o cattle_n be_v take_v damage_n faisant_fw-fr because_o nothing_o shall_v release_v the_o distress_n in_o other_o case_n but_o obedience_n to_o the_o summons_n no_o distress_n ad_fw-la comparendum_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v but_o after_o three_o several_a summons_n 42._o ll._n guilelm_n c._n 42._o and_o so_o many_o default_n make_v and_o in_o such_o case_n distress_n shall_v issue_v by_o especial_a order_n from_o the_o county_n court_n i_o note_v this_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o norman_n from_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o delay_n of_o execution_n of_o justice_n by_o so_o much_o mean_a process_n and_o partly_o to_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o these_o day_n wherein_o man_n cattle_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o distress_n of_o every_o oppress_a or_o extort_v bailiff_n or_o unknown_a person_n and_o no_o summons_n make_v at_o all_o whereby_o many_o poor_a man_n estate_n be_v either_o undo_v or_o they_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o unjust_a demand_n of_o their_o adversary_n no_o manner_n of_o good_n of_o above_o four_o penny_n in_o value_n shall_v be_v buy_v unless_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o four_o witness_n of_o the_o town_n 43._o will_v gulielm_n cap._n 43._o and_o the_o vendor_n shall_v satisfy_v out_o of_o his_o own_o
estate_n if_o the_o sale_n be_v not_o effectual_a and_o in_o case_n the_o vendor_n have_v no_o warrant_n for_o such_o good_n by_o he_o sell_v no_o live_a cattle_n shall_v be_v sell_v but_o only_o in_o city_n 60._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 60._o and_o before_o three_o witness_n nor_o shall_v any_o thing_n forbid_v be_v sell_v without_o warranty_n no_o fair_n or_o market_n shall_v be_v hold_v but_o only_o in_o city_n 61._o ibid._n c._n 61._o burrough_n wall_a town_n and_o castle_n these_o law_n concern_v sale_n and_o market_n be_v ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o tend_v all_o to_o the_o avoid_n of_o cheat_a man_n of_o their_o cattle_n by_o surreptitious_a sale_n of_o they_o make_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o right_n good_n find_v shall_v be_v publish_v by_o the_o finder_n to_o the_o neighbourhood_n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 7._o and_o if_o any_o make_v claim_n and_o proof_n of_o they_o to_o be_v his_o he_o shall_v have_v they_o giving_z security_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o court_n in_o case_n any_o other_o shall_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n make_v his_o claim_n thereto_o the_o child_n of_o person_n intestate_a shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o heritage_n 36._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 36._o this_o be_v in_o terminis_fw-la the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o concern_v it_o i_o shall_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o former_o recite_v only_o i_o shall_v add_v hereto_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o i_o ll._n hen._n i_o which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a any_o free_a man_n may_v devise_v his_o chattel_n by_o will_n and_o if_o he_o die_v intestate_a his_o wife_n child_n parent_n or_o next_o kin_n shall_v divide_v the_o same_o for_o his_o soul_n good_a the_o first_o branch_n whereof_o be_v ancient_a and_o doubtless_o in_o continual_a use_n but_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o norman_a rude_a time_n be_v such_o that_o the_o lord_n under_o surmise_n of_o arrear_n or_o relief_n will_v seize_v all_o the_o personal_a estate_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n and_o so_o the_o right_a of_o last_o will_n be_v swallow_v up_o but_o this_o restore_v the_o power_n of_o last_o will_n into_o its_o place_n and_o in_o case_n the_o party_n die_v intestate_a preserve_v a_o kind_n of_o nature_n of_o descent_n although_o they_o be_v more_o personal_a nor_o do_v that_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o soul_n good_a disannul_v the_o same_o although_o the_o word_n may_v seem_v to_o carry_v away_o the_o benefit_n to_o some_o other_o hand_n for_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v next_o to_o the_o intestate_a chap._n lii_o of_o law_n that_o concern_v common_a interest_n of_o land_n the_o law_n that_o concern_v land_n and_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o norman_n be_v such_o as_o concern_v principal_o the_o tenure_n of_o land_n which_o if_o due_o consider_v although_o savour_v somewhat_o of_o the_o king_n yet_o little_a of_o the_o conqueror_n for_o general_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o tenor_n long_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n be_v as_o the_o service_n order_v according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o giver_n in_o which_o as_o the_o king_n have_v the_o great_a share_n and_o he_o the_o most_o public_a person_n of_o all_o so_o be_v his_o donation_n order_v chief_o to_o advance_v the_o public_a service_n and_o in_o this_o regard_n the_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n may_v more_o principal_o challenge_v the_o king_n regard_v then_o the_o regard_n of_o all_o the_o great_a man_n beside_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o sore_n yea_o rather_o it_o be_v the_o beauty_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o which_o the_o king_n deserve_v a_o honourable_a name_n above_o most_o of_o his_o progenitor_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o land_n to_o dispose_v of_o as_o he_o have_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o advance_v that_o service_n in_o any_o proportion_n equal_a unto_o he_o the_o sore_n that_o cause_v so_o many_o sigh_n be_v the_o encumbrance_n raise_v upon_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o free_a service_n which_o through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n by_o this_o mean_n become_v the_o most_o burdensome_a and_o the_o only_o loathe_a and_o abhor_a service_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o say_v through_o the_o evil_a of_o time_n for_o it_o can_v lodge_v in_o my_o thought_n but_o in_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o encumbrance_n be_v nothing_o so_o great_a as_o of_o latter_a age_n and_o that_o much_o have_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n which_o they_o never_o deserve_v as_o may_v appear_v in_o these_o particular_n which_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v preserve_v in_o memory_n tenant_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n die_v 1213_o 1_o relief_n m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o &_o 1213_o his_o heir_n shall_v pay_v no_o other_o relief_n then_o what_o by_o law_n be_v due_a that_o which_o by_o law_n be_v due_a be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o relief_n of_o a_o earl_n 12._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 12._o 8._o horse_n saddle_v and_o bridle_v 4._o helmet_n 4._o coat_n of_o mail_n 4._o shield_n 4._o spear_n 4._o sword_n 4._o chaser_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v 1._o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o baron_n 23._o ibid._n c._n 23._o 4._o horse_n with_o saddle_n &_o bridle_n 2._o helmet_n 2._o coat_n of_o mail_n 2._o sheild_n 2._o spear_n 2._o sword_n 2._o chaser_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v 1._o palfrey_n bridle_v and_o saddle_v the_o relief_n of_o a_o vavasor_n to_o his_o lord_n 24._o ibid._n c._n 24._o his_o best_a horse_n his_o helmet_n his_o coat_n of_o mail_n his_o shield_n his_o spear_n his_o sword_n or_o if_o he_o have_v no_o arm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v s._n 100_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o country_n man_n be_v the_o best_a beast_n that_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n 29._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 29._o and_o of_o he_o that_o farm_v his_o land_n a_o year_n rend_v these_o be_v the_o relief_n due_a by_o law_n and_o now_o settle_v in_o good_n or_o arm_n but_o afterward_o turn_v into_o money_n and_o its_o likely_a that_o the_o ill_a custom_n in_o the_o former_a time_n do_v extort_v both_o money_n and_o arm_n or_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o they_o please_v and_o by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o law_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n to_o take_v what_o they_o can_v get_v and_o yet_o all_o against_o law_n marriage_n 2._o marriage_n the_o king_n tenant_n shall_v advise_v with_o the_o king_n in_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n sister_n niece_n or_o kinswoman_n and_o his_o widow_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o sense_n hereof_o in_o short_a be_v that_o these_o may_v marry_v at_o their_o own_o will_n without_o pay_v fine_a or_o composition_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o must_v have_v the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o far_o as_o to_o declare_v whether_o the_o man_n intend_v be_v his_o enemy_n or_o not_o and_o fit_a to_o perform_v knight_n service_n this_o law_n be_v therefore_o ground_v upon_o the_o present_a distress_n of_o affair_n wherein_o the_o nation_n be_v unsettle_a and_o common_a right_a have_v establish_v a_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n find_v out_o this_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o marriage_n of_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v inherit_v part_n or_o all_o his_o land_n or_o have_v jointure_n therein_o shall_v be_v leave_v altogether_o at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o his_o widow_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n must_v fail_v and_o the_o public_a receive_v damage_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o custom_n be_v of_o norman_a birth_n it_o be_v beget_v bpon_o a_o saxon_a law_n and_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v own_v by_o the_o english_a dower_n 3._o dower_n the_o widow_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n have_v child_n shall_v have_v her_o dower_n and_o portion_n so_o long_o as_o she_o keep_v unmarried_a the_o portion_n here_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a word_n maritagium_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o marriage_n portion_n give_v by_o the_o husband_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a custom_n when_o as_o the_o dower_n in_o land_n be_v not_o in_o use_n whereof_o be_v speak_v former_o in_o that_o chapter_n of_o dower_n and_o the_o norman_n be_v necessitate_v to_o introduce_v this_o custom_n of_o they_o with_o themselves_o partly_o because_o it_o be_v a_o privilege_n which_o be_v their_o own_o by_o birth_n and_o it_o can_v not_o be_v wave_v without_o a_o evident_a wrong_n do_v to_o the_o wife_n of_o these_o man_n who_o have_v venture_v their_o life_n in_o that_o service_n but_o principal_o because_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o
ground_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o be_v a_o woman_n disadvantage_v by_o a_o whisper_n of_o wilfulness_n and_o customary_a government_n like_o a_o empress_n which_o be_v too_o high_a a_o sail_n for_o a_o english_a bottom_n wherein_o so_o precious_a a_o treasure_n as_o the_o subject_n liberty_n be_v to_o be_v ship_v thus_o provide_v steven_n step_v up_o to_o the_o english_a throne_n and_o with_o protestation_n of_o good_a government_n enter_v and_o make_v up_o the_o match_n both_o for_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n the_o people_n wave_v the_o title_n both_o of_o empress_n and_o heir_n the_o pretension_n of_o the_o e._n of_o bloys_n elder_a brother_n to_o steven_n give_v way_n to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o fasten_v root_n and_o gather_v recompense_n after_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o norman_a blast_n be_v out_o of_o breath_n thus_o make_v way_n over_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n of_o all_o oath_n till_o the_o king_n be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n quiet_o say_v i_o that_o i_o must_v retract_v for_o he_o never_o have_v quiet_a during_o his_o life_n though_o general_o be_v victorious_a and_o do_v as_o much_o as_o a_o king_n can_v do_v that_o have_v the_o passion_n of_o a_o man_n and_o soldier_n to_o give_v the_o subject_n content_a the_o true_a cause_n whereof_o be_v a_o error_n in_o the_o tie_n of_o the_o knot_n wherein_o he_o neither_o become_v they_o nor_o they_o he_o for_o the_o fealty_n that_o be_v swear_v to_o he_o be_v but_o conditional_a and_o eousque_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o king_n promise_n be_v absolute_a and_o better_o observe_v then_o the_o people_n be_v possible_o because_o his_o engagement_n be_v more_o for_o beside_o his_o protestation_n the_o king_n pledge_v his_o brother_n the_o legate_n to_o the_o people_n and_o mortgage_v himself_o to_o his_o brother_n and_o to_o boot_n give_v both_o to_o the_o clergy_n and_o baron_n liberty_n to_o build_v and_o hold_v castle_n for_o their_o private_a security_n the_o issue_n 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put_v he_o to_o his_o last_o shift_n to_o stir_v up_o the_o french_a to_o set_v his_o curse_n on_o work_n be_v by_o a_o hide_a providence_n conquer_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o royal_a army_n without_o view_n of_o enemy_n or_o other_o weapon_n than_o a_o mere_a noise_n his_o nobility_n either_o suspect_v all_o will_v be_v go_v to_o rome_n or_o expect_v that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o deny_v they_o their_o own_o see_v he_o have_v be_v so_o profuse_a in_o give_v away_o that_o which_o be_v not_o his_o demand_v that_o their_o liberty_n may_v be_v confirm_v but_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o be_v mate_v by_o his_o noble_n though_o he_o be_v overmatch_v by_o the_o pope_n arm_n himself_o with_o the_o pope_n curse_n and_o the_o lord_n themselves_o with_o the_o french_a man_n power_n thus_o the_o table_n be_v turn_v and_o the_o french_a play_v a_o aftergame_n to_o gain_v to_o themselves_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n after_o they_o see_v the_o death_n of_o a_o warlike_a king_n discover_v their_o design_n before_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o child_n it_o be_v not_o worth_a inquiry_n what_o the_o king_n allow_v or_o disallow_v for_o it_o be_v his_o course_n to_o repent_v of_o any_o thing_n do_v contrary_a to_o his_o present_a sense_n and_o make_v it_o his_o chief_a principle_n in_o policy_n to_o have_v no_o principle_n but_o desire_n wherein_o he_o triumph_v too_o long_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o contention_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n which_o come_v nigh_o unto_o the_o push_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o the_o king_n ready_a for_o the_o spoil_n of_o both_o the_o baron_n and_o clergy_n sudden_o close_a their_o file_n and_o like_o a_o stone-wall_n stand_v firm_a to_o each_o other_o till_o the_o king_n weary_v with_o successlesse_a labour_n be_v glad_a to_o give_v and_o take_v breath_n 1215._o m._n paris_n an._n 1215._o confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n by_o his_o charter_n which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la for_o substance_n and_o give_v such_o collateral_a security_n for_o performance_n on_o his_o part_n as_o do_v let_v the_o world_n know_v the_o thing_n be_v as_o just_a as_o himself_o have_v be_v unjust_a the_o worst_a point_n in_o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o people_n get_v their_o own_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o redisseisin_n a_o desperate_a remedy_n for_o a_o desperate_a condition_n wherein_o the_o commonweal_n than_o lie_v between_o life_n and_o death_n upon_o the_o rack_n of_o the_o will_n of_o a_o king_n that_o will_v be_v control_v by_o nothing_o but_o his_o own_o appetite_n and_o be_v in_o the_o end_n devour_v by_o it_o chap._n lviii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n from_o
the_o conquest_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o great_a eminency_n for_o birth_n or_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n and_o advancement_n into_o place_n of_o government_n and_o honour_n these_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o people_n flourish_v only_o from_o the_o honour_n that_o ascend_v from_o beneath_o their_o deportment_n then_o be_v full_a of_o cheer_n and_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n after_o that_o royalty_n spring_v up_o the_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o they_o exhale_v such_o a_o reciprocal_a interest_n back_o again_o as_o make_v they_o less_o regardful_a of_o their_o own_o root_n whereas_o we_o see_v the_o more_o mature_a flower_n be_v the_o more_o propence_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o look_v downward_o to_o their_o own_o original_n this_o distemper_n be_v yet_o much_o worse_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o nobility_n beside_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n in_o their_o own_o country_n obtain_v by_o custom_n such_o command_n and_o power_n among_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v soldier_n under_o they_o in_o time_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o field_n that_o when_o the_o war_n have_v breathe_v out_o their_o last_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v forget_v or_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o lay_v aside_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o king_n and_o advantage_n espy_v to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o monarchy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o great_a man_n who_o if_o they_o can_v make_v their_o own_o all_o will_v be_v they_o and_o wherein_o they_o have_v prevail_v much_o more_o than_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v wise_a enough_o to_o have_v maintain_v they_o in_o unity_n but_o in_o that_o fail_n king_n be_v necessitate_v to_o take_v party_n and_o serve_v the_o nobility_n to_o save_v the_o main_a and_o thus_o continue_v they_o a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n well_o nigh_o to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o benefit_n of_o none_o but_o the_o lord_n who_o in_o those_o unquiet_a time_n be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o field_n this_o error_n of_o king_n be_v soon_o espy_v but_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v its_o natural_a to_o man_n to_o be_v proud_a and_o to_o such_o to_o fall_v into_o contention_n another_o course_n therefore_o be_v take_v viz._n to_o raise_v up_o some_o so_o high_a as_o may_v overtop_v all_o and_o keep_v they_o under_o nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o reason_n for_o king_n be_v no_o ubiquitary_n and_o some_o must_v bear_v their_o power_n where_o they_o can_v be_v personal_o present_a yet_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o bestow_v too_o much_o upon_o one_o man_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n fit_v to_o be_v a_o king_n but_o himself_o that_o be_v a_o king_n and_o where_o king_n be_v immoderate_a in_o bestow_v power_n it_o many_o time_n work_v much_o woe_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o seldom_o sorrow_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o the_o place_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v in_o show_v but_o one_o office_n yet_o in_o these_o time_n be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant-generall_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n a_o power_n and_o work_v too_o great_a for_o any_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v make_v no_o deputy_n to_o manage_v it_o 14._o hoveden_n 443_o 375._o nubr_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 14._o and_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o one_o man_n make_v up_o of_o a_o archbishop_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n or_o a_o bishop_n a_o lord_n chancellor_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o government_n must_v that_o needs_o be_v wherein_o the_o servant_n throne_n be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v a_o plenitudinary_a power_n beyond_o that_o which_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n be_v as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a plurality_n the_o great_a man_n of_o england_n keep_v the_o commons_o below_o and_o themselves_o above_o and_o probable_o render_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n more_o aristocratical_a then_o in_o after_o age_n and_o if_o their_o personal_a authority_n be_v of_o such_o value_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o their_o joint_a assembly_n or_o court_n of_o council_n concern_v which_o i_o must_v agree_v that_o as_o in_o their_o original_n in_o germany_n they_o do_v consult_v and_o determine_v of_o the_o mean_a matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o matter_n concern_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o their_o most_o ordinary_a work_v meeting_n of_o judge_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o also_o matter_n of_o defensive_a war_n because_o themselves_o be_v the_o commander_n and_o last_o in_o matter_n of_o sudden_a concernment_n to_o the_o state_n not_o only_o to_o serve_v as_o eye_n to_o foresee_v but_o to_o provide_v also_o if_o they_o can_v or_o otherwise_o to_o call_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n advice_n so_o also_o they_o continue_v this_o course_n and_o it_o may_v be_v now_o and_o then_o as_o all_o counsel_n have_v do_v strain_v their_o endeavour_n beyond_o their_o reach_n especal_o since_o the_o norman_n entrance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o king_n and_o without_o the_o commons_o have_v make_v many_o law_n and_o constitution_n some_o of_o which_o now_o be_v call_v statute_n although_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o other_o than_o rule_v for_o judicature_n which_o ordinary_a court_n may_v frame_v or_o judgement_n in_o particular_a case_n such_o as_o be_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o many_o other_o law_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lord_n nor_o can_v i_o look_v upon_o such_o law_n otherwise_o then_o as_o upon_o judgement_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o new_a point_n of_o controversy_n ground_v upon_o ancient_a ground_n which_o proper_o be_v not_o new_a law_n but_o the_o ancient_a rule_n apply_v to_o new_a particular_n and_o be_v so_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o law_n ordinance_n constitution_n or_o judgement_n the_o word_n statute_n be_v of_o late_a time_n take_v up_o and_o use_v in_o a_o more_o restrictive_a sense_n of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o due_a place_n now_o that_o this_o court_n be_v a_o settle_a court_n of_o judicature_n 1175._o hoveden_n an._n 1175._o and_o so_o use_v may_v appear_v in_o that_o fine_n be_v levy_v therein_o and_o writ_n of_o right_n determine_v as_o in_o that_o great_a case_n between_o the_o two_o king_n of_o navarr_n and_o castille_n ibid._n ibid._n refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o try_v in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o plea_n and_o if_o need_v whereby_o battle_n the_o judge_n in_o this_o court_n be_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n for_o the_o entry_n of_o judgement_n in_o that_o great_a case_n be_v thus_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regalis_fw-la curiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la adjudicaverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o though_o doubtless_o many_o be_v absent_a some_o be_v enemy_n other_o discontent_v other_o upon_o other_o occasion_n yet_o all_o may_v claim_v their_o vote_n as_o baron_n the_o precedent_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o chief_a justice_n or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v present_a then_o himself_o and_o by_o he_o be_v the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n declare_v according_a to_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a habito_fw-la concilio_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la adjudicavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o honour_n of_o this_o court_n be_v great_a so_o long_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n or_o care_n to_o attend_v thereon_o but_o when_o king_n begin_v to_o have_v private_a interest_n they_o will_v have_v these_o to_o be_v more_o private_a counsel_n which_o weaken_v the_o esteem_n of_o conclusion_n that_o there_o pass_v and_o reduce_v the_o honour_n thereof_o scarce_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o conventicle_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o necessity_n of_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n representative_a be_v make_v more_o frequent_a the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n decay_v and_o this_o court_n forfeit_v all_o its_o juridical_a power_n to_o the_o three_o court_n at_o westminster_n viz._n the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n and_o exchequer_n save_v still_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n unto_o the_o grand_a convention_n of_o estate_n in_o parliament_n where_o all_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n of_o meeting_n and_o free_a
vote_v without_o impeachment_n chap._n lix_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o their_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n if_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n prevail_v not_o to_o its_o utmost_a pitch_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n it_o do_v much_o less_o in_o these_o time_n succeed_v wherein_o the_o clergy_n take_v up_o the_o buckler_n and_o beat_v both_o king_n and_o commons_o to_o a_o retreat_n themselves_o in_o the_o interim_n remain_v sole_a triumpher_n in_o the_o field_n in_o their_o first_o adventure_n they_o pace_v the_o stage_n no_o man_n appear_v to_o oppose_v steven_n then_o be_v king_n by_o their_o leave_n and_o their_o bondservant_n and_o they_o may_v have_v any_o thing_n sobeit_v they_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o enjoy_v his_o crown_n his_o brother_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o pope_n servant_n the_o churchman_n patron_n and_o the_o king_n surety_n in_o who_o the_o clergy_n favour_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o good_a behaviour_n towards_o they_o and_o all_o man_n concentre_v beside_o all_o this_o the_o king_n be_v but_o so_o upon_o condition_n and_o there_o be_v no_o better_a title_n than_o election_n conscience_n in_o those_o time_n be_v well_o enough_o satisfy_v in_o the_o breach_n of_o covenant_n on_o their_o part_n where_o on_o the_o king_n part_v it_o be_v first_o break_v all_o this_o the_o king_n see_v full_a well_o and_o therefore_o what_o can_v he_o deny_v to_o such_o benefactor_n vacance_n of_o church_n he_o ready_o part_n with_o and_o his_o right_n of_o investure_n of_o the_o mitre_a clergy_n he_o dispense_v so_o as_o he_o open_v the_o way_n to_o his_o successor_n of_o a_o utter_a dereliction_n of_o that_o privilege_n he_o see_v his_o brother_n the_o legate_n deflower_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o maintain_v appeal_n from_o the_o court_n in_o england_n unto_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o he_o say_v nothing_o he_o be_v content_v with_o the_o stump_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o with_o saul_n if_o he_o be_v but_o honour_v above_o or_o before_o all_o other_o of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v his_o enough_o but_o the_o clergy_n like_o the_o barren_a womb_n have_v not_o yet_o enough_o the_o king_n have_v allow_v they_o castle_n and_o too_o late_o he_o see_v that_o instead_o of_o be_v defencas_fw-la against_o the_o imperial_a power_n of_o the_o empress_n they_o be_v now_o make_v bulwark_n against_o the_o lawful_a power_n of_o a_o king_n he_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o get_v they_o down_o and_o get_v some_o of_o they_o into_o his_o power_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v now_o summon_v to_o answer_v this_o before_o a_o legatine_n council_n wherein_o his_o brother_n be_v precedent_n that_o be_v a_o bold_a adventure_n in_o they_o but_o it_o be_v extreme_a rashness_n in_o he_o to_o appear_v and_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n before_o a_o conventicle_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o thus_o to_o secure_a rome_n of_o supremacy_n in_o appeal_n he_o suffer_v a_o recovery_n thereof_o against_o his_o own_o person_n in_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o so_o lose_v himself_o to_o save_v the_o crown_n thus_o be_v synod_n mount_v up_o on_o eagle_n wing_n they_o have_v the_o king_n under_o they_o they_o will_v next_o have_v the_o crown_n within_o a_o while_n steven_n be_v take_v prisoner_n the_o empress_n perceive_v the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n betake_v her_o case_n to_o they_o now_o assemble_v in_o synod_n they_o now_o proud_a of_o the_o occasion_n and_o conceit_v that_o both_o law_n and_o gospel_n be_v now_o under_o their_o decree_n publish_v that_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n belong_v unto_o they_o and_o by_o they_o the_o empress_n be_v elect_v queen_n in_o open_a synod_n stevens_n brother_n lead_v the_o game_n and_o have_v she_o be_v as_o willing_a to_o have_v admit_v of_o the_o law_n as_o steven_n be_v she_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o have_v leave_v a_o strange_a precedent_n in_o the_o english_a government_n for_o posterity_n but_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n who_o have_v make_v the_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n for_o steven_n reduce_v the_o synod_n to_o sober_a consideration_n and_o help_v the_o king_n return_v unto_o his_o throne_n again_o wherein_o he_o continue_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o clergy_n during_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o time_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o as_o brave_a a_o man_n as_o he_o but_o beyond_o he_o in_o title_n and_o power_n and_o one_o that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n without_o preingagement_n by_o promise_n or_o covenant_n save_v that_o which_o be_v proper_a for_o a_o king_n a_o man_n he_o be_v that_o know_v full_a well_o the_o interest_n in_o the_o government_n the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o advantage_n lose_v from_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o to_o regain_v these_o he_o smooth_v his_o way_n towards_o these_o brave_a man_n speak_v fair_a proffer_v fair_a 1155._o m._n paris_n an._n 1155._o he_o will_v act_v to_o increase_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o church_n he_o will_v have_v the_o pope_n leave_n to_o do_v he_o a_o kindness_n and_o sobeit_n he_o may_v gain_v a_o interest_n in_o ireland_n he_o will_v take_v it_o from_o the_o pope_n who_o pretend_v as_o heir_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o have_v the_o island_n and_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o his_o possession_n and_o as_o if_o he_o mean_v to_o be_v as_o good_a to_o the_o church_n as_o steven_n be_v and_o much_o better_a he_o desire_v the_o pope_n kindness_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n and_o no_o soon_o desire_v then_o obtain_v this_o be_v the_o 2_o example_n of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o first_o of_o a_o english_a king_n that_o seek_v to_o rome_n for_o right_a in_o the_o crown_n and_o thereby_o teach_v the_o pope_n to_o demand_v it_o as_o a_o privilege_n belong_v to_o the_o triple_a crown_n nor_o be_v henry_n the_o second_o less_o benign_a to_o the_o churchman_n till_o he_o find_v by_o his_o dear_a buy_a experience_n that_o he_o have_v nourish_v scorpion_n and_o will_v have_v suppress_v they_o but_o be_v rather_o suppress_v himself_o as_o in_o that_o shameful_a success_n of_o the_o death_n of_o becket_n may_v appear_v wherein_o he_o yield_v the_o day_n up_o to_o the_o clergy_n who_o former_o scorn_v to_o stoop_v to_o the_o great_a potentate_n on_o earth_n the_o state_n of_o king_n be_v to_o be_v pity_v who_o must_v maintain_v a_o politic_a affection_n above_o and_o sometime_o against_o nature_n it_o self_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n if_o they_o will_v escape_v the_o note_n of_o tyranny_n in_o their_o undertake_n and_o of_o a_o feeble_a spirit_n in_o their_o suffering_n for_o the_o king_n have_v make_v becket_n chancellor_n of_o england_n &_o then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n he_o become_v so_o great_a that_o his_o feather_n brush_v against_o the_o king_n crown_n who_o begin_v to_o rouse_v up_o himself_o to_o maintain_v his_o honour_n and_o prerogative_n royal_a the_o bishop_n side_n with_o becket_n the_o king_n intend_v the_o person_n and_o not_o the_o call_v single_v out_o the_o archbishop_n and_o hunt_v he_o to_o soil_n at_o rome_n yet_o before_o he_o go_v the_o king_n put_v the_o point_n of_o his_o quarrel_n in_o writing_n and_o make_v both_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n sign_n they_o as_o the_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o as_o the_o consuetudines_fw-la avitae_fw-la but_o becket_n repent_v go_v to_o rome_n and_o obtain_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n yield_v the_o cause_n the_o particular_n in_o debate_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n or_o constitution_n common_o call_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n which_o show_v the_o prevail_a humour_n that_o then_o overspread_v the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o day_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v sum_n they_o up_o as_o follow_v 1._o cap._n 1._o right_n of_o advousons_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o king_n court._n this_o have_v be_v quarrel_v from_o the_o first_o norman_n time_n but_o can_v never_o be_v recover_v by_o the_o clergy_n before_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o county_n court_v have_v they_o and_o there_o they_o be_v determine_v before_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n but_o the_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v reduce_v to_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n &_o the_o laity_n sequester_v from_o intermeddle_v the_o norman_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o their_o own_o country_n reduce_v also_o the_o trial_n of_o right_n of_o advousons_n unto_o the_o supreme_a court_n partly_o because_o the_o king_n title_n be_v much_o concern_v therein_o and_o the_o norman_a lord_n no_o less_o but_o principal_o in_o regard_n that_o right_n require_v the_o consideration_n of_o such_o as_o be_v the_o most_o learned_a
in_o the_o law_n 2._o cap._n 2._o right_n of_o tithe_n of_o a_o lay_v fee_n or_o where_o the_o tenure_n be_v in_o question_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n plea_n of_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court._n 3._o cap._n 3._o these_o be_v saxon_a law_n and_o do_v intimate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o get_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o tithe_n because_o they_o be_v original_o their_o due_n and_o of_o the_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n because_o that_o oath_n seem_v to_o relate_v much_o to_o religion_n whereof_o they_o hold_v themselves_o the_o only_a professor_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v reform_v errourr_n of_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o crime_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n 4._o cap._n 4._o appeal_v shall_v be_v from_o archdeacon_n court_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishop_n court_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n court_n and_o there_o the_o sentence_n to_o be_v final_a no_o man_n that_o ever_o be_v acquaint_v with_o antiquity_n will_v question_v that_o these_o be_v receive_v law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n nor_o do_v the_o clergy_n ever_o quarrel_v they_o till_o the_o norman_n teach_v they_o by_o courtesy_n do_v to_o rome_n to_o expect_v more_o from_o king_n then_o for_o the_o present_a they_o will_v grant_v whereof_o see_v cap._n 47._o but_o king_n steven_n that_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o clergy_n for_o his_o crown_n and_o can_v not_o otherwise_o content_v they_o part_v with_o this_o jewel_n of_o supreme_a power_n in_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a to_o the_o roman_a cognisance_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v but_o henry_n the_o second_o will_v none_o of_o this_o cheat_n at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n this_o strike_v so_o smart_a a_o blow_n as_o though_o the_o popedom_n have_v but_o new_o recover_v out_o of_o a_o paralitique_a schism_n yet_o see_v it_o so_o main_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o triple_a crown_n alexander_n the_o pope_n have_v late_o be_v blood_v against_o a_o brave_a emperor_n make_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o stickle_v with_o a_o valiant_a king_n who_o in_o conclusion_n be_v fain_o to_o yield_v up_o the_o buckler_n and_o let_v the_o pope_n hold_v what_o he_o have_v get_v notwithstanding_o against_o this_o law_n and_o all_o former_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o thus_o the_o pope_n supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a cause_n be_v secure_v both_o by_o a_o recovery_n and_o judgement_n by_o confession_n thereupon_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v vacance_n of_o church_n 6._o cap._n 6._o and_o power_n to_o elect_v by_o his_o secret_a council_n the_o party_n elect_v shall_v do_v homage_n salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la and_o then_o shall_v be_v consecrate_v this_o certain_o be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n not_o altogether_o against_o reason_n although_o not_o suitable_a to_o opinion_n of_o many_o yet_o we_o meet_v two_o alteration_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n first_o that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o secret_a council_n whereas_o former_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o archbishop_n be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n as_o the_o parliament_n take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v worse_a a_o council_n be_v hereby_o allow_v call_v a_o secret_a council_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o council_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n private_a aim_n and_o unto_o this_o council_n power_n give_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n without_o advice_n of_o the_o public_a council_n of_o lord_n which_o be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o state_n in_o former_a time_n and_o thus_o the_o public_a affair_n be_v make_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o king_n private_a interest_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o much_o irregularity_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o island_n ever_o since_o the_o second_o alteration_n rest_v in_o the_o salvo_fw-la which_o be_v a_o clause_n never_o former_o allow_v unless_o by_o practice_n in_o stevens_n time_n when_o as_o there_o be_v little_a regard_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o do_v it_o concur_v with_o the_o file_n of_o story_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v insert_v within_o these_o constitution_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n see_v that_o writer_n agree_v it_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o becket_n who_o refuse_v submission_n without_o the_o clause_n and_o at_o which_o the_o king_n stooke_v with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n which_o be_v six_o year_n after_o the_o constitution_n be_v consent_v unto_o and_o conclude_v upon_o 7._o cap._n 7._o no_o clergy_n man_n or_o other_o may_v depart_v the_o realm_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o must_v be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o no_o reason_n of_o state_n can_v allow_v dispensation_n therein_o especial_o in_o a_o doubtful_a government_n where_o the_o supremacy_n be_v in_o dispute_n and_o this_o the_o wilful_a archbishop_n never_o question_v till_o he_o question_v all_o authority_n but_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o for_o but_o the_o year_n before_o when_o he_o go_v to_o turonn_n to_o the_o general_a council_n upon_o summons_n paris_n m._n paris_n he_o first_o obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n before_o he_o go_v no_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n or_o interdiction_n to_o pass_v against_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o any_o minister_n of_o state_n 8._o cap._n 8._o without_o licence_n first_o have_v of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n till_o the_o conquest_n no_o excommunication_n pass_v without_o warrant_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o joint_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n but_o the_o conqueror_n have_v let_v loose_v the_o canon_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n and_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n in_o counsel_n make_v canon_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o the_o laity_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o voluntary_a power_n of_o the_o canon_n cap._n vid._n cap._n only_o as_o well_o the_o norman_n as_o until_o these_o time_n king_n have_v save_v their_o own_o associate_n from_o that_o sudden_a blow_n and_o upon_o reason_n of_o religious_a observance_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v converse_v with_o excommunicate_a person_n ere_o he_o be_v aware_a the_o laity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v proceed_v against_o in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 9_o cap._n 9_o but_o upon_o proof_n by_o witness_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o where_o no_o witness_n be_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o jury_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n a_o negative_a law_n that_o impli_v another_o course_n be_v use_v upon_o light_a fame_n or_o suspicion_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la although_o the_o oath_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o bear_v into_o the_o world_n and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o intimate_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o all_o such_o case_n upon_o the_o common_a law_n which_o also_o be_v the_o ancient_a course_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n as_o have_v be_v former_o note_v excommunicate_v person_n shall_v be_v compel_v only_o to_o give_v pledge_n and_o not_o oath_n 10._o cap._n 10._o or_o bail_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n upon_o the_o take_n and_o imprison_v of_o the_o party_n excommunicate_a clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o course_n ancient_o be_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v pledge_n to_o stand_v to_o order_n of_o this_o the_o bishop_n be_v weary_a soon_o as_o it_o seem_v and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o other_o invention_n of_o their_o own_o viz._n to_o bind_v they_o by_o oath_n or_o bail_n both_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n for_o no_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administer_v but_o by_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n to_o order_v oath_n or_o bail_n and_o therefore_o this_o law_n become_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o such_o case_n and_o of_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la 11._o cap._n 11._o person_n cite_v and_o make_v default_n may_v be_v interdict_v and_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v compel_v he_o to_o obey_v if_o the_o king_n officer_n make_v default_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o then_o the_o party_n interdict_v may_v be_v excommunicate_v so_o as_o the_o process_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v according_a to_o law_n nor_o do_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o such_o court_n to_o order_v their_o own_o way_n or_o to_o scatter_v the_o censure_n of_o excommunication_n according_a to_o their_o own_o like_n this_o together_o with_o all_o those_o that_o forego_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o his_o repentance_n absolute_o
withstand_v all_o though_o he_o have_v twice_o consent_v and_o once_o subscribe_v to_o they_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n have_v also_o receive_v some_o kind_n of_o allowance_n thereof_o even_o from_o rome_n itself_o 12._o cap._n 12._o clergy_n man_n hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la shall_v do_v such_o service_n as_o to_o their_o tenure_n belong_v and_o shall_v assist_v in_o the_o king_n court_n till_o judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n two_o thing_n be_v hereby_o manifest_a first_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o conqueror_n law_n former_o mention_v bishop_n still_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n court_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n but_o it_o be_v upon_o cause_n that_o mere_o concern_v the_o laity_n so_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n extend_v only_o to_o separate_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o not_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o the_o lay_v court_n second_o that_o the_o clergy_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n question_v their_o service_n due_a by_o tenure_n as_o if_o they_o intend_v neither_o lord_n nor_o king_n but_o the_o pope_n only_o doubtless_o the_o use_n of_o tenor_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o government_n of_o these_o king_n when_o as_o by_o these_o principal_o not_o only_a all_o degree_n be_v untie_v and_o make_v dependent_a from_o the_o lord_n paramount_n to_o the_o tenant_n peravale_fw-mi but_o especial_o the_o clergy_n with_o the_o laity_n upon_o the_o crown_n without_o which_o a_o strange_a metamorphosis_n in_o government_n must_v needs_o have_v ensue_v beyond_o the_o shape_n of_o any_o reasonable_a conceit_n the_o one_o half_a almost_o of_o the_o people_n in_o england_n be_v absolute_o put_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o foreign_a power_n sanctuary_n shall_v not_o protect_v forfeit_v good_n 14._o cap._n 13_o 14._o nor_o clerk_n convict_v or_o confess_v this_o be_v law_n but_o violence_n do_v both_o now_o and_o afterward_o much_o obliterate_v it_o church_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v alien_v with_o out_o licence_n 15._o constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o no_o tenement_n hold_v by_o service_n can_v be_v alien_v without_o licence_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o allegiance_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n now_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o church_n may_v lie_v in_o tenure_n as_o well_o as_o other_o tenement_n but_o the_o strife_n be_v by_o the_o churchman_n to_o hold_v their_o tenement_n free_a from_o all_o humane_a service_n which_o the_o king_n withstand_v son_n of_o the_o laity_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o monastery_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n 16._o cap._n 16._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n with_o the_o former_a for_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o only_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n which_o can_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o also_o a_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n child_n in_o regard_n they_o in_o time_n may_v by_o descent_n become_v his_o tenant_n &_o so_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o ground_n of_o law_n for_o although_o this_o be_v no_o alienation_n by_o legal_a purchase_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o relation_n for_o he_o that_o be_v in_o a_o monastery_n be_v dead_a to_o all_o worldly_a affair_n these_o than_o be_v the_o right_n that_o the_o king_n claim_v and_o the_o clergy_n disclaim_v at_o the_o first_o although_o upon_o more_o sober_a consideration_n they_o general_o consent_v unto_o the_o five_o last_o but_o their_o captain_n archbishop_n becket_n withstand_v the_o rest_n which_o cost_v he_o his_o life_n in_o the_o conclusion_n with_o this_o honourable_a testimony_n that_o his_o death_n samson_n like_v effect_v more_o than_o his_o life_n for_o the_o main_a thing_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n gain_v to_o be_v friend_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o stickler_n in_o the_o church_n affair_n as_o becket_n be_v in_o this_o tragedy_n the_o pope_n observe_v how_o the_o english_a bishop_n have_v forsake_v their_o archbishop_n espy_v a_o muse_n through_o which_o all_o the_o game_n of_o the_o popedom_n may_v soon_o escape_v and_o the_o pope_n be_v leave_v to_o sit_v upon_o thorn_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o authority_n here_o in_o england_n for_o let_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n be_v a_o swear_a servant_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a bishop_n not_o concur_v it_o will_v make_v the_o triple_a crown_n at_o the_o best_a but_o double_a 1179._o antiq._n brit._n 302._o f_o xe_n an._n 1179._o alexander_n the_o pope_n therefore_o mean_v not_o to_o trust_v their_o fair_a nature_n any_o long_o but_o put_v a_o oath_n upon_o every_o english_a bishop_n to_o take_v before_o their_o consecration_n whereby_o he_o become_v bind_v 1._o to_o absolute_a allegiance_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o romish_a church_n 2._o not_o to_o further_a by_o deed_n or_o consent_v any_o prejudice_n to_o they_o 3._o to_o conceal_v their_o counsel_n 4._o to_o aid_v the_o roman_a papacy_n against_o all_o person_n 5._o to_o assist_v the_o roman_a legate_n 6._o to_o come_v to_o synod_n upon_o summons_n 7._o to_o visit_v rome_n once_o every_o three_o year_n 8._o not_o to_o sell_v any_o part_n of_o their_o bishopric_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a bishop_n that_o former_o do_v but_o regard_n rome_n now_o give_v their_o estate_n body_n and_o soul_n unto_o her_o service_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v keep_v and_o well_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o worse_o 1167._o m._n paris_n an._n 1167._o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vow_v perpetual_a enmity_n against_o the_o pope_n but_o he_o wise_o perceive_v that_o the_o king_n spirit_n will_v up_o again_o have_v thus_o get_v the_o main_a battle_n dare_v not_o adventure_v upon_o the_o king_n rear_n lest_o he_o may_v turn_v head_n and_o so_o he_o let_v the_o king_n come_v off_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o appeal_n 11._o baronus_fw-la anal._n 1164._o sec._n 11._o and_o a_o order_n to_o annul_v the_o custom_n that_o by_o he_o be_v bring_v in_o against_o the_o church_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v none_o this_o be_v too_o much_o for_o so_o brave_a a_o king_n as_o henry_n the_o second_o to_o loose_v to_o the_o scarecrow_n power_n of_o rome_n yet_o it_o befall_v he_o as_o many_o great_a spirit_n that_o favour_n prevail_v more_o with_o they_o then_o fear_v or_o power_n for_o be_v towards_o his_o last_o time_n wear_v with_o grief_n at_o his_o unnatural_a son_n a_o shadow_n of_o the_o kindness_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n unto_o he_o win_v that_o which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o former_o wrest_v from_o he_o in_o these_o particular_n grant_v by_o he_o 1176._o m._n paris_n an._n 1176._o that_o no_o clerk_n shall_v answer_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n but_o only_o for_o the_o forest_n and_o their_o lay_n fee._n this_o savour_v more_o of_o courtesy_n than_o justice_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o same_o do_v thrive_v nor_o do_v continue_v long_o in_o force_n as_o a_o law_n although_o the_o claim_n thereof_o last_v vacance_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n above_o one_o year_n unless_o upon_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o seem_v to_o pass_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crown_n but_o lose_v it_o nothing_o for_o if_o the_o clergy_n accept_v of_o this_o grant_n they_o thereby_o allow_v the_o crown_n a_o right_a to_o make_v it_o and_o a_o liberty_n to_o determine_v its_o own_o right_a or_o continue_v the_o same_o by_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n killer_n of_o clerk_n convict_v shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o bishop_n presence_n by_o the_o king_n justice_n in_o the_o licentious_a time_n of_o king_n steven_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n play_v rex_n they_o grow_v so_o unruly_a that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o have_v commit_v above_o a_o hundred_o murder_n to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a the_o king_n loath_a to_o enter_v the_o list_n with_o the_o clergy_n about_o too_o many_o matter_n let_v loose_v the_o law_n of_o feud_n for_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v to_o take_v revenge_n and_o this_o cost_n the_o blood_n of_o many_o clerk_n the_o laity_n haply_o be_v more_o industrious_a therein_o then_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v because_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n for_o the_o most_o part_n favour_v they_o as_o a_o expedient_a to_o all_o which_o this_o law_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o clergy_n be_v still_o leave_v to_o their_o clergy_n and_o justice_n do_v upon_o such_o as_o seek_v their_o blood_n clergy_n man_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v to_o trial_n by_o battle_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o either_o
by_o neglect_n wear_v out_o of_o use_n or_o by_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o clergy_n lay_v aside_o as_o resolve_v rather_o to_o adventure_v their_o own_o blood_n then_o to_o end_v their_o quarrel_n before_o the_o lay_v judge_n by_o plea_n but_o grow_v weary_a of_o that_o course_n and_o likely_a also_o put_v hard_a to_o the_o pinch_n upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o they_o against_o clerkslayer_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n hitherto_o therefore_o its_o manifest_a the_o clergy_n be_v in_o their_o grow_a condition_n notwithstanding_o the_o policy_n and_o power_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o who_o be_v the_o paragon_n of_o that_o age_n after_o he_o reign_v richard_n the_o first_o that_o must_v expiate_v his_o disobedience_n to_o his_o father_n by_o obedience_n to_o his_o ghostly_a father_n the_o pope_n in_o undertake_v the_o holy_a war_n and_o be_v go_v leave_v the_o government_n in_o his_o absence_n so_o deep_o entrust_v to_o the_o clergy_n as_o they_o can_v loose_v nothing_o of_o what_o they_o have_v gain_v unless_o they_o will_v and_o may_v have_v gain_v much_o more_o than_o they_o do_v or_o shall_v have_v not_o the_o bishop_n that_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v drunken_a with_o vanity_n and_o spew_v out_o his_o own_o shame_n however_o the_o success_n be_v it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o those_o time_n for_o richard_n have_v experience_n in_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n and_o his_o father_n example_n that_o the_o pope_n &_o clergy_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o all_o the_o potentate_n in_o europe_n and_o therefore_o may_v most_o safe_o trust_v they_o with_o all_o he_o have_v at_o home_n while_o he_o be_v in_o their_o service_n abroad_o nor_o be_v they_o short_a of_o what_o be_v entrust_v to_o they_o but_o stook_v close_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o empty_v themselves_o even_o to_o the_o very_a consecrate_a vessel_n and_o procure_v the_o laity_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o save_v the_o kingdom_n from_o the_o rape_n of_o stranger_n and_o usurper_n who_o esteem_v the_o king_n dead_a in_o law_n and_o as_o one_o bury_v alive_a thus_o pass_v they_o to_o king_n john_n the_o government_n suppose_v themselves_o well_o enough_o assure_v of_o what_o they_o have_v get_v by_o their_o several_a achievement_n have_v under_o the_o reign_v of_o three_o several_a king_n successive_o and_o king_n john_n may_v well_o enough_o have_v understand_v the_o time_n if_o he_o have_v serious_o consider_v they_o but_o be_v heigthn_v all_o his_o life_n time_n with_o lawless_a government_n wherein_o he_o be_v train_v up_o in_o ireland_n he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o stoop_v till_o he_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o the_o legate_n knee_n and_o his_o crown_n at_o the_o pope_n foot_n leave_v a_o example_n to_o posterity_n to_o beware_v of_o strive_v with_o the_o clergy_n if_o then_o these_o spark_n of_o ambition_n be_v so_o virulent_a be_v alone_a certain_o in_o their_o joint_a consultation_n much_o more_o they_o have_v long_o strive_v now_o since_o the_o conquest_n to_o have_v exclude_v the_o laity_n from_o their_o synod_n and_o about_o these_o day_n effect_v it_o and_o yet_o about_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n it_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o thing_n either_o be_v not_o yet_o do_v or_o so_o late_o that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o clear_a in_o that_o point_n for_o petrus_n blecensis_n who_o be_v archdeacon_n of_o bath_n about_o those_o time_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n concern_v the_o restraint_n of_o the_o grow_a sect_n of_o the_o publican_n he_o advise_v in_o these_o word_n accipite_fw-la clerum_fw-la congregate_v populum_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la eorum_fw-la communi_fw-la deliberatione_n qui_fw-la spiritum_fw-la domini_fw-la habent_fw-la terribilis_fw-la constitutio_fw-la promulgetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o historian_n do_v not_o mistake_v the_o proceed_n against_o that_o sect_n be_v only_o for_o error_n in_o religion_n be_v in_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n and_o lord_n nevertheless_o whether_o present_a or_o absent_a the_o laity_n sit_v there_o as_o cypher_n make_v the_o number_n great_a but_o not_o valuable_a by_o themselves_o for_o even_o in_o the_o norman_a time_n they_o be_v bring_v so_o low_a as_o the_o constitution_n make_v by_o the_o clergy_n wrought_v more_o upon_o they_o then_o civility_n itself_o can_v work_v upon_o professor_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o day_n 1127._o m._n west_n an._n 1127._o for_o it_o seem_v excess_n of_o long_a hair_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o measure_n that_o the_o synod_n cry_v out_o against_o it_o and_o decree_v that_o man_n shall_v cut_v their_o hair_n so_o as_o their_o eye_n and_o lap_n of_o their_o ear_n may_v be_v see_v and_o the_o king_n himself_o i_o mean_v henry_n the_o first_o submit_v to_o this_o cut_n and_o make_v all_o his_o knight_n to_o do_v the_o like_a and_o expose_v themselves_o to_o the_o then_o odious_a by-name_n of_o clown_n or_o priest_n like_a to_o the_o round_a head_n of_o these_o day_n who_o former_o march_v under_o the_o title_n of_o criniti_fw-la or_o ruffian_n this_o do_v but_o touch_v the_o hair_n but_o they_o go_v to_o the_o quick_a when_o they_o decree_v that_o lord_n shall_v not_o sell_v their_o villain_n and_o that_o outlary_n shall_v pass_v in_o certain_a particular_a case_n as_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o archbishop_n anselme_n may_v appear_v afterward_o in_o these_o king_n time_n they_o fly_v at_o the_o throat_n of_o the_o government_n get_v all_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o profit_n or_o power_n whether_o for_o peace_n or_o war_n under_o their_o gripe_n 155._o antiq._n brit._n 150._o ibid._n 155._o depose_v and_o advance_v as_o they_o please_v even_o to_o the_o royal_a throne_n itself_o and_o that_o not_o only_o out_o of_o a_o sudden_a passion_n of_o state_n but_o advise_o conclude_v it_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n belong_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o election_n of_o maude_n the_o empress_n they_o do_v hold_v forth_o to_o all_o the_o world_n 127._o ibid._n 127._o and_o in_o which_o the_o king_n also_o then_o flatter_v they_o as_o hold_v their_o election_n so_o necessary_a that_o he_o keep_v the_o whole_a synod_n in_o duresse_n to_o have_v their_o vote_n for_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n to_o be_v his_o successor_n chap._n lx._n of_o the_o english_a commonalty_n since_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o dignity_n of_o the_o english_a crown_n thus_o deflower_v by_o the_o great_a man_n be_v no_o loss_n to_o the_o common_a people_n for_o as_o in_o all_o decay_n of_o monarchy_n the_o great_a man_n get_v nothing_o if_o they_o please_v not_o the_o people_n so_o the_o king_n can_v hold_v nothing_o if_o they_o be_v not_o content_v and_o yet_o content_v or_o not_o content_v they_o can_v not_o gain_v much_o for_o as_o affair_n than_o stand_v in_o the_o christian_a world_n the_o politician_n discourse_n of_o three_o kind_n of_o government_n prove_v idle_a neither_o can_v monarchy_n aristocracy_n nor_o democracy_n attain_v any_o semblable_a condition_n in_o any_o place_n so_o long_o as_o the_o church_n hold_v its_o design_n apart_o &_o prevail_v to_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o all_o not_o now_o by_o the_o favour_n either_o of_o great_a or_o small_a but_o by_o a_o pretend_a divine_a right_n through_o which_o they_o now_o have_v get_v to_o their_o full_a pitch_n of_o lordship_n in_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o distemper_n in_o government_n yet_o such_o it_o be_v as_o keep_v humour_n low_a and_o restrain_v the_o inordinate_a excess_n that_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o government_n be_v subject_a to_o break_v forth_o so_o as_o neither_o king_n nor_o lord_n nor_o people_n can_v swell_v into_o large_a proportion_n than_o will_v suit_v with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o churchman_n but_o to_o mind_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n somewhat_o the_o commons_o gain_v in_o these_o stormy_a time_n the_o tax_n that_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o be_v rather_o persuade_v then_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o general_o they_o be_v spare_v in_o that_o work_n and_o it_o be_v note_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o king_n steven_n that_o though_o he_o be_v seldom_o without_o war_n yet_o he_o not_o only_o never_o charge_v the_o people_n with_o any_o tax_n but_o release_v that_o of_o daneguelt_fw-mi and_z acquit_v the_o subject_n for_o ever_o of_o that_o tax_n which_o former_a king_n challenge_v as_o their_o right_n all_o which_o show_v he_o to_o be_v a_o brave_a king_n if_o he_o be_v not_o a_o very_a rich_a man_n henry_n the_o second_o be_v more_o heavy_a because_o he_o have_v more_o to_o do_v yet_o find_v we_o but_o one_o assessment_n which_o be_v escuage_n unless_o for_o the_o holy_a war_n which_o be_v more_o
the_o clergyman_n then_o his_o richard_n be_v yet_o a_o great_a burden_n his_o reign_n be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o and_o he_o deserve_v it_o for_o from_o the_o begin_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n can_v never_o the_o guilt_n of_o his_o disobedience_n to_o his_o father_n be_v blot_v out_o but_o it_o be_v more_o troublesome_a to_o the_o people_n because_o it_o cost_v so_o much_o treasure_n be_v manage_v by_o such_o ill_a governor_n except_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o be_v unsuccesfull_a in_o most_o of_o his_o undertake_n yet_o never_o invade_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o any_o face_n of_o prerogative_n but_o what_o want_v in_o he_o be_v make_v complete_a and_o run_v over_o in_o his_o successor_n john_n who_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o most_o moderate_a sense_n of_o his_o government_n be_v give_v over_o to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v not_o himself_o rob_v the_o lord_n of_o their_o authority_n bereave_v the_o church_n of_o its_o right_n tread_v under_o foot_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n waste_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o thing_n into_o despair_n come_v a_o desperate_a cure_n the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o to_o save_v the_o body_n and_o a_o precedent_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o take_v it_o up_o in_o future_a age_n and_o thus_o that_o which_o steven_n give_v henry_n the_o second_o lose_v richard_n the_o first_o will_v not_o regain_v and_o john_n can_v not_o and_o so_o all_o be_v gainer_n but_o the_o crown_n chap._n lxi_o of_o judicature_n the_o court_n and_o their_o judge_n it_o be_v no_o silent_a argument_n that_o the_o commons_o gain_v where_o law_n grow_v into_o course_n and_o it_o be_v the_o lot_n of_o these_o troublesome_a time_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o a_o constant_a government_n such_o as_o all_o man_n may_v learn_v which_o former_o be_v lay_v up_o only_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o wise_a experience_a man_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a point_n in_o government_n be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o former_a and_o that_o of_o the_o commonweal_n i_o say_v not_o that_o the_o law_n be_v augment_v in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o execution_n have_v a_o free_a course_n than_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o former_a time_n but_o both_o be_v more_o and_o more_o clear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o many_o particular_n as_o well_o touch_v matter_n concern_v practice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o touch_v rule_n of_o righteousness_n for_o the_o first_o whereof_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o glanvile_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o for_o the_o latter_a to_o king_n john_n or_o rather_o the_o baron_n in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n or_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o liberty_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n revive_v continue_a and_o confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o their_o successor_n which_o for_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v leave_v in_o lance_n dubio_fw-la to_o stand_v or_o fall_v till_o occasion_n shall_v be_v of_o clear_v the_o point_n in_o regard_n that_o king_n john_n soon_o repent_v of_o his_o oath_n the_o bond_n of_o his_o consent_n and_o to_o heal_v the_o wound_n get_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n thereupon_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o son_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o pass_v for_o a_o good_a catholic_a in_o a_o unrighteous_a way_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v do_v in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o affair_n whereof_o some_o concern_v matter_n of_o crime_n &_o penalty_n and_o this_o touch_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o person_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sort_n concern_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n these_o three_o work_n be_v appoint_v unto_o three_o several_a court_n who_o have_v their_o several_a judge_n especial_o appoint_v to_o that_o work_n original_o they_o be_v in_o one_o viz._n in_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o court_n of_o lord_n whereof_o former_o be_v speak_v but_o after_o through_o increase_n of_o affair_n by_o they_o depute_v or_o commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o several_a man_n that_o be_v man_n of_o skill_n in_o such_o affair_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o supremacy_n in_o all_o such_o cause_n still_o and_o because_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a treasure_n be_v of_o more_o public_a regard_n then_o the_o other_o the_o deputation_n thereof_o be_v commit_v probable_o to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o member_n gloss_n gloss_n who_o in_o those_o day_n be_v baron_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o afterward_o retain_v the_o title_n but_o not_o the_o degree_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o particular_a time_n of_o these_o deputation_n appear_v not_o clear_o out_o of_o any_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v before_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o well_o because_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v his_o judex_n fiscalis_fw-la 24._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 24._o as_o glanvile_n so_o frequent_o touch_v upon_o the_o king_n court_n of_o plea_n which_o can_v be_v intend_v at_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n for_o that_o in_o those_o day_n be_v never_o summon_v but_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n or_o some_o other_o special_a occasion_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a recite_v some_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a plea_n hoveden_n hoveden_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o distinction_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o judicature_n and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v conceive_v that_o this_o distinction_n of_o judicature_n be_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o parliament_n after_o that_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n be_v lay_v aside_o by_o king_n and_o a_o privy_a council_n take_v up_o unto_o who_o can_v not_o regular_o belong_v any_o juridical_a power_n because_o that_o remain_v original_o in_o the_o grand_a assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n over_o these_o court_n or_o two_o of_o they_o one_o man_n have_v the_o prime_a title_n of_o chief_a justice_n who_o then_o be_v call_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o who_o office_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o all_o cause_n and_o place_n as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n and_o sometime_o be_v appoint_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v the_o name_n only_o of_o that_o part_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o other_o part_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o office_n be_v such_o as_o the_o man_n for_o necessity_n of_o state_n be_v continual_o resident_a at_o the_o court_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n court_n be_v much_o attend_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n which_o prove_v in_o after_o time_n as_o grievous_a to_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n other_o judge_n there_o be_v which_o be_v choose_v for_o their_o learning_n and_o experience_n most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v also_o the_o under_o officer_n of_o those_o court_n for_o those_o time_n be_v rome_n hour_n and_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n other_o court_n also_o be_v in_o the_o country_n and_o be_v vicontiel_n or_o cours_n of_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o corporation_n and_o lordship_n as_o former_o and_o these_o be_v settle_v in_o some_o place_n hoveden_n hoveden_n but_o other_o there_o be_v which_o werr_v itinerant_a over_o which_o certain_a judge_n preside_v which_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n and_o send_v by_o commission_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n then_o divide_v into_o six_o circuit_n unto_o each_o of_o which_o be_v assign_v three_o justice_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o justice_n than_o be_v eighteen_o the_o office_n be_v before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n over_o hither_o but_o the_o assignation_n be_v new_a as_o also_o be_v their_o oath_n for_o they_o be_v swear_v but_o the_o number_n continue_v not_o long_o for_o within_o four_o year_n the_o king_n redivide_v the_o land_n into_o four_o circuit_n and_o unto_o each_o circuit_n assign_v five_o justice_n make_v in_o the_o whole_a the_o number_n of_o twenty_o and_o one_o justice_n for_o the_o northern_a circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o hoveden_n 337._o ibid._n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o
as_o four_o year_n for_o within_o that_o time_n richard_n lucy_n one_o of_o the_o justice_n have_v renounce_v his_o office_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o cloister_n and_o yet_o be_v neither_o name_n in_o the_o first_o commission_n nor_o in_o the_o latter_a nor_o do_v the_o last_o commission_n continue_v five_o year_n 1184._o hoved._n an._n 1184._o for_o within_o that_o time_n ralph_n glanvile_n remove_v from_o the_o northern_a circuit_n to_o that_o of_o worcester_n as_o by_o the_o story_n of_o sir_n gilbert_n plumpton_n may_v appear_v though_o little_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o of_o that_o judge_n however_o his_o book_n commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n i_o take_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o reporter_n 33_o co._n jurisd_v c._n 33_o that_o this_o itinerary_a judicature_n be_v settle_v to_o hold_v every_o seven_o year_n but_o i_o find_v no_o monument_n thereof_o before_o these_o day_n as_o touch_v their_o power_n certain_o it_o be_v in_o point_n of_o judicature_n as_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n though_o not_o so_o high_a it_o be_v as_o large_a because_o they_o have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o cause_n both_o concern_v the_o crown_n and_o common_a plea_n and_o among_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v note_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o falsehood_n be_v inquirable_a by_o those_o judge_n which_o after_o come_v to_o be_v much_o invade_v by_o the_o clergy_n 7._o hoveden_n glanvil_n l._n 14._o c._n 7._o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o but_o that_o in_o their_o original_n these_o iter_n be_v little_a other_o than_o visitation_n of_o the_o country_n by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n nor_o shall_v i_o add_v any_o thing_n concern_v the_o vicontiel_n court_v and_o other_o inferior_a but_o what_o i_o find_v in_o glanvile_n that_o though_o robbery_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n 2._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o yet_o theft_n belong_v to_o the_o sheriff_n court_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n court_n intercept_v not_o all_o battery_n and_o wound_n unless_o in_o the_o complaint_n they_o be_v charge_v to_o be_v do_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o like_a also_o of_o inferior_a trespass_n 10._o idem_fw-la lib._n 9_o &_o 10._o beside_o common_a plea_n whereof_o more_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v chap._n lxii_o of_o certain_a law_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o hereof_o i_o shall_v note_v only_o a_o few_o as_o well_o touch_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o of_o property_n be_v desirous_a to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o law_n with_o the_o time_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o growth_n thereof_o to_o that_o pitch_n which_o in_o these_o time_n it_o have_v attain_v we_o can_v find_v in_o any_o story_n that_o the_o saxon_a church_n be_v infest_a with_o any_o heresy_n from_o their_o first_o entrance_n till_o this_o present_a generation_n the_o first_o and_o last_o heresy_n heresy_n 1._o heresy_n that_o ever_o trouble_a this_o island_n be_v inbred_a by_o pelagius_n but_o that_o be_v among_o the_o briton_n and_o be_v first_o batter_v by_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n under_o germanus_n but_o afterward_o suppress_v by_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o like_v nothing_o of_o the_o british_a breed_n and_o for_o who_o sake_n it_o suffer_v more_o happy_o then_o for_o the_o foulness_n of_o the_o opinion_n the_o saxon_a church_n leaven_v from_o rome_n for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o five_o hundred_o year_n hold_v on_o its_o course_n without_o any_o intermission_n by_o cross_a doctrine_n spring_v up_o 585._o hoved._n 585._o till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o then_o enter_v a_o sect_n who_o they_o call_v publican_n but_o be_v the_o albigenses_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n alexander_n who_o opinion_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v my_o course_n with_o but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v such_o as_o cross_v their_o way_n and_z henry_n the_o second_o make_v the_o first_o precedent_n of_o punish_v heresy_n in_o this_o kingdom_n under_z the_o name_n of_o this_o sect_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v before_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n 13._o nubrig_n l._n 2._o cap._n 13._o who_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o of_o their_o error_n but_o fail_v therein_o they_o pronounce_v they_o heretic_n and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o lay_v power_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v brand_v in_o the_o forehead_n whip_v and_o expose_v to_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o church_n die_v 585._o decret_a papae_fw-la alexand._n hoveden_n 585._o this_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o punishment_n of_o heretic_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n albeit_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v then_o decree_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o other_o country_n if_o that_o relation_n of_o cogshall_n be_v true_a which_o picardus_n note_v upon_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o the_o history_n of_o william_n of_o newberry_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v insert_v this_o relation_n another_o case_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n concern_v apostasy_n 9_o 2._o apostasy_n bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o which_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o as_o it_o seem_v die_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v bear_v for_o beside_o that_o one_o we_o find_v not_o second_v thereto_o in_o all_o the_o file_n of_o english_a story_n the_o particular_a be_v that_o a_o clerk_n have_v renounce_v his_o baptism_n and_o turn_v jew_n and_o for_o this_o be_v convict_v by_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v burn_v so_o as_o we_o have_v apostasy_n punish_v with_o death_n and_o heresy_n with_o a_o punishment_n that_o prove_v mortal_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o conviction_n of_o both_o by_o a_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o lay_v power_n who_o certain_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o canon_n or_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n these_o if_o no_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n however_o brave_a the_o king_n be_v against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n treason_n treason_n 3._o treason_n be_v ancient_o use_v only_a as_o a_o crime_n of_o breach_n of_o trust_n or_o fealty_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v now_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o sad_a temper_n and_o be_v make_v all_o one_o with_o that_o of_o laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la and_o that_o majesty_n that_o now_o a_o day_n be_v wrap_v up_o whole_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n impart_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n as_o in_o the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v more_o relate_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o glanvile_n in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n speak_v of_o the_o wound_n of_o majesty_n exemplify_v sedition_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v in_o equal_a degree_n a_o 2._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o wound_n of_o majesty_n 1._o lib._n 10._o cap._n 1._o with_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o then_o he_o name_v sedition_n in_o the_o army_n and_o fraudulent_a conversion_n of_o treasure_n trove_v which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o corruption_n of_o blood_n for_o so_o i_o take_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o relation_n to_o what_o ensue_v felony_n felony_n 4._o felony_n of_o manslaughter_n burn_v robbery_n ravishment_n and_o fausonry_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o loss_n of_o member_n and_o estate_n this_o be_v the_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o according_o be_v the_o direction_n in_o the_o charge_n give_v to_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o appear_v in_o hoveden_n but_o treason_n or_o treachery_n against_o the_o oath_n fealty_n 25._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 25._o or_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n as_o of_o the_o servant_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v punish_v with_o certain_a and_o with_o painful_a death_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o king_n be_v treason_n yet_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o son_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o of_o another_o man_n unless_o it_o arise_v from_o those_o of_o his_o own_o servant_n 79_o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 79_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o estate_n be_v common_a both_o to_o treason_n and_o felony_n it_o reach_v even_o unto_o theft_n in_o which_o case_n the_o forfeiture_n as_o to_o the_o moveable_n 17._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 17._o be_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n unto_o who_o cognisance_n the_o case_n do_v belong_v and_o the_o land_n go_v to_o the_o lord_n immediate_o and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n but_o in_o all_o case_n of_o felony_n &_o of_o
the_o high_a nature_n the_o party_n though_o not_o the_o king_n tenant_n lose_v his_o personal_a estate_n to_o the_o king_n for_o ever_o his_o free_a hold_n also_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n by_o way_n of_o escheat_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o the_o loss_n not_o only_o of_o chattel_n and_o good_n but_o also_o of_o land_n etc._n etc._n extend_v to_o outlary_n i_o conceive_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_n in_o such_o case_n can_v not_o bind_v the_o lord_n right_a of_o escheat_n although_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o good_n and_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n whereunto_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v which_o case_n alone_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o power_n king_n have_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n manslaughter_n manslaughter_n 5._o manslaughter_n make_v not_o bailable_a this_o be_v law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n although_o it_o cross_v the_o norman_a law_n 3_o glanvil_n l._n 14._o cap._n 1_o &_o 3_o and_o questionless_a it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n for_o the_o time_n now_o be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n when_o shed_v of_o blood_n be_v account_v valour_n and_o in_o most_o case_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a service_n and_o now_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o grow_a evil_n and_o that_o cry_v so_o loud_o as_o though_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n bail_n may_v be_v allow_v yet_o not_o in_o this_o case_n ubi_fw-la ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la aliter_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v the_o author_n robber_n robbery_n 6._o robbery_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o next_o castelane_n who_o shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v do_v right_a to_o they_o and_o unto_o trespasser_n upon_o land_n 174._o ll._n gul._n 4._o spicil_n 174._o by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n these_o offender_n be_v bailable_a and_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v no_o repeal_n thereof_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o glanvile_n allow_v of_o pledge_n in_o all_o case_n except_o manslaughter_n yea_o in_o those_o crime_n that_o do_v wound_v majesty_n itself_o 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 1._o although_o they_o concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o sedition_n in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o army_n thereof_o the_o justice_n herein_o mention_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o the_o trespass_n upon_o land_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o riotous_a and_o forcible_a entry_n for_o some_o trespass_n be_v against_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o sheriff_n as_o former_o have_v be_v observe_v fauxonry_n 7._o 7._o fauxonry_n glanvil_n lib._n 14_o cap._n 7._o be_v of_o several_a degree_n or_o kind_n some_o against_o the_o king_n other_o against_o other_o man_n and_o of_o those_o against_o the_o king_n some_o be_v punish_v as_o wound_n of_o majesty_n as_o falsify_v the_o king_n charter_n and_o whether_o falsify_v of_o money_n be_v in_o that_o condition_n or_o not_o i_o leave_v or_o falsify_v of_o measure_n yet_o more_o inferior_a i_o can_v determine_v but_o its_o clear_a by_o glanvile_n that_o falsify_v of_o the_o deed_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v of_o small_a consideration_n and_o at_o the_o utmost_a deserve_v but_o loss_n of_o member_n inheritance_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v 5._o 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o ibid._n c._n 5._o inheritance_n be_v in_o those_o time_n of_o land_n or_o good_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n then_o that_o the_o personal_a estate_n the_o debt_n deduct_v be_v divisible_a into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_z belong_v in_o right_a to_o the_o wife_n as_o her_o reasonable_a part_n the_o other_o to_o the_o heir_n and_o three_o to_o the_o testator_n to_o make_v his_o will_n of_o they_o and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o part_n he_o can_v not_o dispose_v by_o will_n concern_v land_n it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o no_o man_n can_v alien_n his_o whole_a inheritance_n to_o the_o disherisin_n of_o his_o heir_n either_o by_o act_n in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o by_o his_o last_o will_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o of_o purchase_a land_n he_o may_v give_v part_n by_o act_n execute_v in_o his_o life_n time_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o issue_n than_o he_o may_v alien_a all_o and_o where_o a_o man_n have_v land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o also_o by_o purchase_n he_o may_v alien_a all_o his_o purchase_a land_n as_o he_o please_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o gavel_n kind_a no_o more_o of_o the_o inheritance_n can_v be_v convey_v to_o any_o of_o the_o child_n than_o their_o proportionable_a part_n will_v amount_v unto_o this_o law_n of_o inheritance_n be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o tenure_n for_o the_o land_n in_o knight-service_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n pass_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n either_o to_o the_o elder_a or_o to_o the_o young_a or_o to_o all_o equal_o and_o thus_o stand_v the_o general_a state_n of_o inheritance_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n hitherto_o 88_o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 88_o seem_v somewhat_o too_o straight_o for_o the_o free_a man_n that_o by_o law_n of_o property_n may_v challenge_v a_o power_n to_o do_v with_o their_o own_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o norman_n see_v a_o double_a prejudice_n herein_o the_o first_o be_v the_o danger_n of_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o their_o family_n who_o now_o ingraft_v into_o the_o english_a stock_n and_o yet_o not_o full_o one_o may_v expect_v a_o late_a check_n to_o their_o preferment_n from_o the_o saxon_a parent_n after_o a_o long_a and_o fair_a semblance_n make_v of_o their_o good_a will_n the_o second_o prejudice_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o be_v maintain_v by_o riches_n more_o than_o by_o multitude_n of_o man_n partly_o because_o that_o rich_a man_n be_v most_o fearful_a of_o offend_v and_o therefore_o ordinary_o be_v most_o serviceable_a both_o with_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n against_o public_a danger_n and_o partly_o because_o by_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n they_o bring_v more_o aid_n unto_o the_o public_a by_o engage_v they_o in_o the_o common_a cause_n that_o otherwise_o may_v prove_v unsensible_a of_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o country_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o free_a man_n shall_v by_o descent_n be_v in_o such_o seism_n as_o 9_o 9_o his_o ancester_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 9_o vide_fw-la glanv_n l._n 7._o c_o 9_o do_v service_n and_o pay_v relief_n and_o shall_v have_v his_o chattaile_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v under_o age_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n for_o the_o due_a time_n and_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o part_n of_o the_o good_n if_o the_o lord_n withhold_v seisin_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o twelve_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o branch_n be_v declaratory_a of_o a_o ground_n of_o common_a law_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o last_o be_v a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n of_o trial_n of_o the_o heir_n right_a by_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n where_o former_o no_o remedy_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n if_o these_o three_o branch_n be_v particular_o observe_v they_o speak_v of_o three_o sort_n of_o heir_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n viz._n such_o as_o be_v major_n or_o of_o full_a age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v minor_n or_o under_o age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a age_n those_o that_o be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n may_v possess_v the_o land_n descend_v and_o the_o lord_n may_v not_o disseise_v he_o thereof_o but_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o heir_n in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o possession_n so_o as_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o pay_v relief_n and_o do_v service_n that_o be_v due_a and_o if_o the_o lord_n expel_v he_o he_o shall_v have_v remedy_n by_o assize_n those_o heir_n that_o be_v minor_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o lord_n guardianship_n till_o they_o come_v to_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n tbe_n heir_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o soccage_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o fifteen_o year_n because_o at_o that_o age_n they_o be_v think_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o burgess_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v of_o full_a age_n when_o they_o have_v ability_n to_o manage_v their_o father_n calling_n such_o as_o tell_v of_o money_n measure_v of_o cloth_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o do_v not_o glanvile_n or_o any_o other_o say_v that_o these_o be_v their_o full_a age_n to_o all_o purpose_n albeit_o that_o some_o burrough_n at_o
this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
of_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o will_n in_o its_o general_a nature_n it_o be_v transmit_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n chap._n lxiii_o of_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o kingdom_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o king_n i_o undertake_v not_o the_o debate_n of_o right_n but_o as_o touch_v matter_n of_o fact_n short_o thus_o much_o that_o from_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o power_n of_o the_o militia_n rest_v upon_o two_o principle_n the_o one_o the_o allegiance_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o king_n have_v the_o power_n to_o levy_v the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o the_o cause_n be_v still_o under_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o great_a council_n so_o far_o as_o to_o agree_v or_o disavow_v the_o war_n if_o they_o see_v cause_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o baron_n in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o king_n steven_n and_o the_o empress_n and_o between_o king_n john_n and_o his_o baron_n the_o other_o principle_n be_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n from_o the_o tenant_n and_o by_o virtue_n hereof_o especial_o whenas_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v in_o question_n the_o militia_n be_v sway_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o draw_v the_o people_n in_o arm_n either_o one_o way_n or_o the_o other_o as_o the_o case_n appear_v to_o they_o the_o experience_n whereof_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n feel_v to_o their_o extreme_a prejudice_n and_o the_o kingdom_n damage_n nor_o do_v the_o former_a principle_n oversway_v the_o latter_a although_o it_o may_v seem_v more_o considerable_a but_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o civil_a peace_n when_o the_o lord_n be_v quiet_a and_o the_o people_n well_o conceit_v of_o the_o king_n aim_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o public_a which_o happiness_n it_o be_v henry_n the_o second_o lot_n to_o enjoy_v for_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n eminent_a among_o prince_n both_o for_o endowment_n of_o mind_n and_o of_o outward_a estate_n not_o only_o gain_v honour_n abroad_o but_o much_o more_o among_o his_o own_o people_n at_o home_n who_o see_v plain_o that_o he_o be_v for_o foreign_a employment_n of_o honour_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o only_o content_v with_o what_o he_o have_v in_o england_n but_o embark_v together_o with_o the_o laity_n against_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o also_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n be_v include_v they_o therefore_o be_v secure_a in_o the_o king_n way_n and_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v engage_v unto_o the_o crown_n further_o than_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n former_o have_v be_v out_o of_o pretence_n of_o sudden_a extreme_a occasion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o will_v not_o be_v match_v with_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o defence_n for_o the_o king_n find_v by_o former_a experience_n that_o the_o way_n of_o tenor_n be_v too_o lame_a a_o supply_n for_o his_o acquest_n abroad_o and_o that_o it_o have_v prove_v little_o better_a than_o a_o break_a reed_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o case_n of_o dispute_n with_o the_o people_n aim_v at_o a_o further_a reach_n than_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o foresee_v and_o have_v learn_v a_o trick_n in_o france_n bring_v it_o over_o although_o it_o be_v neither_o the_o first_o nor_o last_o trick_n that_o england_n learn_v to_o their_o cost_n from_o france_n which_o be_v a_o new_a way_n of_o levy_v of_o man_n and_o arm_n for_o the_o war_n 1181._o hoveden_n 1181._o by_o assess_v upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n and_o upon_o every_o free_a man_n of_o the_o value_n of_o sixteen_o mark_n yearly_a their_o certain_a arm_n and_o upon_o every_o free_a man_n of_o ten_o mark_n yearly_a value_n their_o certain_a arm_n and_o upon_o every_o burgess_n and_o free_a man_n of_o a_o inferior_a value_n their_o certain_a arm_n 2._o that_o these_o shall_v be_v ready_o prepare_v against_o a_o certain_a day_n 3._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o the_o king_n service_n and_o at_o his_o command_n 4._o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v lend_v pledge_a sell_v or_o give_v away_o 5._o that_o in_o case_n of_o death_n they_o shall_v descend_v to_o the_o heir_n who_o if_o under_o age_n shall_v find_v a_o man_n to_o serve_v in_o his_o stead_n 6._o that_o in_o case_n the_o owner_n be_v able_a he_o shall_v be_v ready_a at_o a_o certain_a day_n with_o his_o arm_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 7._o that_o unto_o this_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v swear_v i_o call_v this_o a_o new_a way_n of_o levy_v of_o arm_n and_o man_n not_o but_o that_o former_o other_o free_a man_n and_o burgess_n find_v arm_n albeit_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n for_o it_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n former_o use_v but_o now_o the_o king_n thrust_v in_o two_o 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have_v enter_v into_o he_o and_o animate_v he_o in_o all_o his_o way_n he_o bring_v in_o with_o he_o the_o first_o precedent_n of_o conscience_n in_o point_n of_o succession_n by_o inheritance_n in_o the_o english_a throne_n for_o the_o stream_n of_o probability_n be_v against_o he_o he_o be_v a_o child_n and_o the_o time_n require_v a_o complete_a man_n and_o a_o man_n for_o war_n he_o be_v the_o child_n of_o king_n john_n who_o demerit_n of_o the_o state_n be_v now_o fresh_a in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n he_o be_v also_o design_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o his_o father_n last_o will_n 1216._o m._n paris_n an._n 1216._o which_o be_v a_o dangerous_a precedent_n for_o they_o to_o admit_v who_o have_v but_o even_o now_o withstand_v king_n johns_n deposit_v of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o pope_n hand_n as_o not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o crown_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n yet_o leap_v over_o all_o these_o consideration_n 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that_o end_n and_o after_o that_o oath_n and_o yet_o no_o performance_n this_o make_v the_o people_n absolute_o deny_v supply_n then_o the_o king_n pretend_v war_n in_o france_n war_n in_o scotland_n and_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n in_o the_o holyland_n whither_o he_o be_v go_v the_o people_n upon_o such_o ground_n give_v he_o aid_n but_o find_v all_o but_o pretence_n or_o ill_a success_n of_o such_o enterprise_n they_o be_v harden_v against_o supply_n of_o he_o for_o the_o holy_a war_n then_o he_o seem_v penitent_a and_o pour_v out_o new_a promise_n seal_v with_o the_o most_o solemn_a execration_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o story_n and_o so_o punctual_o record_v as_o if_o god_n will_v have_v all_o generation_n to_o remember_v it_o as_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o covenant_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o people_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v omit_v it_o 1253._o m._n paris_n an._n 1253._o it_o be_v do_v in_o full_a parliament_n where_o the_o lord_n temporal_a and_o spiritual_a knight_n and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n all_o stand_n with_o their_o taper_n burn_v the_o king_n himself_o also_o stand_v with_o a_o cheerly_a countenance_n hold_v his_o open_a hand_n upon_o his_o breast_n the_o archbishop_n pronounce_v this_o curse_n ensue_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n omnipotent_a of_o the_o son_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o of_o the_o glorious_a mother_n of_o god_n the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o of_o the_o bless_a apostle_n peter_n and_o paul_n and_o of_o all_o the_o other_o apostle_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n and_o archbishop_n thomas_n and_o of_o all_o the_o martyr_n and_o of_o the_o bless_a edward_n king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o confessor_n and_o virgin_n and_o of_o all_o the_o saint_n of_o god_n we_o excommunicate_v and_o anathematise_v and_o sequester_v from_o our_o holy_a mother_n the_o church_n all_o those_o which_o henceforth_o know_o and_o malicious_o shall_v deprive_v or_o spoil_v church_n of_o their_o right_n and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v by_o any_o art_n or_o wit_n rash_o violate_v diminish_v or_o change_v secret_o or_o open_o in_o deed_n word_n or_o council_n by_o cross_v in_o part_n or_o whole_a those_o ecclesiastical_a liberty_n or_o ancient_a approve_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o the_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n prelate_n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o freeholder_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v publish_v or_o be_v publish_v have_v observe_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o or_o their_o statute_n or_o which_o have_v bring_v in_o any_o custom_n or_o be_v bring_v in_o have_v observe_v and_o all_o writer_n of_o
ordinance_n or_o counsel_n or_o executioner_n or_o such_o as_o shall_v judge_v by_o such_o thing_n all_o such_o as_o be_v know_o guilty_a of_o any_o such_o matter_n shall_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la incur_fw-la this_o sentence_n such_o as_o be_v ignorant_o guilty_a shall_v incur_v the_o same_o censure_n if_o be_v admonish_v he_o amend_v not_o within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o admonition_n in_o the_o same_o censure_n be_v comprehend_v all_o perturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n for_o everlasting_a memory_n whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o put_v our_o seal_n and_o then_o all_o throw_v down_o their_o taper_n extinguish_v and_o smoke_a they_o say_v so_o let_v all_o that_o shall_v go_v against_o this_o curse_n be_v extinct_a and_o stink_n in_o hell_n the_o king_n all_o the_o while_n continue_v in_o the_o posture_n above_o mention_v say_v so_o god_n i_o help_n i_o will_v observe_v all_o these_o thing_n sincere_o and_o faithful_o as_o i_o be_o a_o man_n as_o i_o be_o a_o christian_n as_o i_o be_o a_o knight_n as_o i_o be_o a_o king_n crown_v and_o anoinied_a if_o we_o shall_v pare_v away_o the_o superstitious_a ceremony_n and_o consider_v divine_a providence_n we_o may_v search_v into_o all_o history_n of_o all_o age_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o find_v a_o parallel_n hereunto_o so_o serious_o compose_v solemn_o pronounce_v with_o a_o amen_o from_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n put_v in_o write_v under_o seal_n preserve_v to_o posterity_n vindicate_v by_o god_n himself_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o so_o many_o opposer_n and_o yet_o the_o dust_n of_o time_n have_v almost_o bury_v this_o out_o of_o the_o thought_n of_o man_n so_o as_o few_o even_o of_o such_o as_o know_v it_o do_v serious_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v yet_o and_o even_o now_o be_v charge_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o this_o nation_n serious_n as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v soon_o forget_v nor_o will_v the_o king_n be_v long_o hold_v with_o promise_n some_o 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propriety_n and_o ownership_n but_o in_o point_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o last_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o time_n now_o be_v such_o as_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oppress_v by_o stranger_n counsel_n and_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n reject_v that_o instead_o of_o law_n garrison_n of_o stranger_n rule_v that_o no_o man_n can_v own_v his_o own_o that_o the_o subject_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o enemy_n and_o of_o all_o this_o the_o king_n make_v the_o principal_a instrument_n who_o have_v rule_v and_o overrule_v in_o this_o manner_n and_o so_o be_v resolve_v to_o continue_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o better_a judgement_n of_o other_o what_o other_o heal_a plaster_n be_v to_o be_v have_v for_o such_o a_o sore_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o more_o due_a respect_n may_v have_v be_v tender_v to_o kingly_a dignity_n than_o be_v in_o those_o time_n practise_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n also_o in_o the_o occasion_n of_o war_n for_o certain_o that_o last_o war_n with_o edward_n the_o second_o be_v more_o fatal_a and_o yet_o less_o warrantable_a and_o in_o the_o issue_n declare_v that_o there_o be_v more_o of_o the_o queen_n therein_o then_o of_o the_o lord_n who_o know_v a_o way_n of_o remove_v favourite_n from_o the_o king_n without_o remove_v the_o king_n from_o the_o kingdom_n or_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o the_o world_n in_o all_o which_o nevertheless_o it_o can_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o lord_n party_n be_v increase_v more_o than_o in_o the_o former_a king_n time_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o field_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n against_o the_o prince_n keep_v they_o in_o awe_n all_o the_o succeed_a reign_n although_o they_o be_v not_o then_o tongue_n tie_v and_o their_o second_o loss_n against_o edward_n the_o second_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o sharp_a questionless_a quell_v their_o spirit_n although_o they_o lose_v no_o right_a thereby_o and_o increase_v the_o king_n party_n much_o by_o the_o access_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o service_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o those_o lord_n that_o be_v attaint_v or_o disinherit_v and_o yet_o by_o a_o hide_a providence_n the_o king_n be_v little_a the_o better_a when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o pinch_n for_o when_o edward_n the_o second_o queen_n come_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n though_o with_o but_o a_o small_a force_n all_o forsake_v the_o king_n neither_o regard_v the_o former_a terror_n of_o the_o army_n of_o a_o king_n nor_o the_o right_n of_o service_n nor_o oath_n of_o fealty_n nor_o promise_n nor_o law_n nor_o other_o engagement_n and_o so_o the_o king_n become_v a_o prey_n to_o a_o enrage_a woman_n or_o which_o be_v worse_o to_o a_o jealous_a wife_n so_o little_o can_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n do_v when_o his_o person_n be_v despise_v and_o so_o vain_a for_o he_o to_o trust_v in_o his_o militia_n that_o have_v already_o disarm_v himself_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o his_o subject_n the_o sum_n then_o of_o all_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o noble_n during_o these_o time_n will_v rest_v in_o this_o that_o they_o win_v the_o day_n and_o yet_o lose_v the_o field_n although_o they_o lose_v their_o own_o blood_n and_o estate_n yet_o they_o save_v all_o to_o the_o people_n and_o leave_v law_n in_o force_n able_a to_o debate_v with_o prerogative_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o king_n that_o shall_v succeed_v thus_o stand_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n upon_o such_o ground_n as_o it_o have_v the_o validity_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o my_o work_n to_o censure_n neither_o by_o the_o balance_n of_o law_n or_o gospel_n but_o leave_v it_o as_o a_o sore_a time_n that_o scarce_o will_v endure_v touch_n nor_o bear_v a_o king_n further_o than_o he_o be_v good_a or_o brave_a chap._n lxvi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o english_a clergy_n until_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o herein_o concern_v the_o statute_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la and_o of_o general_a counsel_n and_o national_a synod_n it_o be_v a_o time_n of_o much_o action_n throughout_o the_o whole_a christian_a state_n and_o rome_n now_o have_v attain_v to_o its_o full_a glory_n begin_v to_o be_v eye_v on_o all_o part_n as_o a_o irregular_a motion_n cross_v all_o affair_n that_o it_o may_v like_v the_o sole_a empress_n command_v all_o and_o be_v control_v by_o none_o and_o this_o wrought_v some_o stir_n in_o france_n complain_n in_o england_n 720._o m._n paris_n 720._o and_o face_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o pope_n how_o chargeable_a this_o be_v to_o the_o pope_n treasury_n it_o be_v not_o material_a but_o it_o occasion_v or_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o all_o the_o intolerable_a exaction_n ensue_v there_o be_v scarce_o one_o year_n pass_v over_o without_o some_o extraordinary_a exaction_n levy_v upon_o the_o churchman_n either_o by_o provisor_n ten_o procuration_n levy_n for_o the_o holy_a war_n quindizme_n benevolence_n or_o other_o such_o like_a and_o where_o money_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v by_o levy_n of_o ornament_n or_o of_o rich_a apparel_n by_o intimation_n beg_v persuade_v command_a threaten_a and_o in_o this_o course_n continue_v till_o they_o have_v outface_v shame_n itself_o and_o that_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o rome_n become_v comprehend_v in_o this_o one_o quicquid_fw-la libet_fw-la licet_fw-la in_o general_a therefore_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n can_v be_v say_v to_o thrive_v during_o these_o extort_n time_n although_o rome_n do_v for_o if_o the_o laity_n be_v pillage_v by_o the_o king_n the_o clergy_n much_o more_o both_o by_o pope_n and_o king_n if_o the_o one_o complain_v the_o other_o cry_v the_o one_o sometime_o find_v relief_n from_o the_o king_n but_o the_o other_o be_v helpless_a for_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o ear_n to_o hear_v paris_n m._n paris_n not_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o help_v he_o neither_o dare_v nor_o will_v cross_v the_o pope_n although_o the_o clergy_n tell_v he_o that_o by_o these_o exaction_n they_o be_v impoverish_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v disable_v to_o do_v he_o service_n for_o their_o lay_n fe_n thus_o rome_n become_v a_o burden_n to_o rome_n and_o the_o member_n weary_a of_o bear_v their_o head_n hereafter_o must_v the_o pope_n beware_v of_o fall_v out_o with_o king_n for_o the_o english_a clergy_n now_o though_o late_a see_v that_o all_o be_v not_o gold_n that_o glister_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o great_a privilege_n to_o be_v the_o pope_n man_n further_o than_o the_o pope_n will_v be_v a_o good_a master_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v pope_n be_v grow_v so_o excellent_a as_o they_o can_v not_o amend_v and_o england_n so_o enamour_v of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v become_v their_o veer_fw-la bortus_fw-la deliciarum_fw-la paris_n m._n paris_n as_o the_o pope_n call_v it_o when_o he_o see_v the_o rich_a vestment_n of_o the_o english_a church_n man_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v now_o be_v content_v to_o be_v the_o pope_n viand_n as_o often_o as_o his_o hungry_a maw_n do_v call_v or_o otherwise_o they_o must_v fall_v out_o a_o excellent_a posture_n of_o affair_n and_o brave_a preparative_n to_o dispose_v the_o heart_n of_o all_o sort_n for_o entertainment_n of_o the_o easy_a yoke_n of_o christ_n government_n which_o be_v now_o at_o the_o door_n and_o ready_a to_o be_v reveal_v nevertheless_o poor_a and_o mean_a as_o the_o clergy_n be_v they_o have_v courage_n enough_o not_o only_o to_o stickle_v both_o with_o king_n and_o people_n for_o their_o own_o liberty_n but_o also_o to_o invade_v the_o liberty_n both_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o commons_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o king_n and_o people_n that_o be_v two_o and_o themselves_o well_o second_v by_o the_o pope_n that_o have_v no_o less_o power_n in_o those_o time_n of_o public_a distraction_n and_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o cattle_n well_o that_o yield_v he_o so_o much_o milk_n 1306._o m._n paris_n an._n 1257._o vid._n addit_fw-la baronius_n anal._n 1306._o the_o particular_a matter_n of_o debate_n may_v appear_v in_o their_o paper_n of_o grievance_n compose_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o their_o resolution_n thereupon_o their_o complaint_n be_v renew_v again_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o baronius_n after_o the_o statute_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o the_o whole_a may_v lie_v before_o we_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n of_o both_o these_o paper_n several_o in_o regard_n they_o sound_v much_o alike_o and_o note_v the_o difference_n all_o which_o i_o shall_v do_v to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v more_o plain_o appear_v what_o the_o churchman_n idea_n be_v and_o how_o far_o the_o
common_a law_n and_o king_n prerogative_n will_v agree_v thereto_o the_o complaint_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n 1._o that_o the_o church-possession_n in_o their_o vacance_n be_v waste_v and_o that_o escheator_n do_v not_o only_o seize_v the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o abbot_n or_o prior_n decease_v but_o such_o corn_n in_o the_o barn_n and_o other_o good_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n for_o their_o maintenance_n as_o also_o the_o profit_n of_o church_n impropriate_a 2._o 2._o 3_o &_o 4_o &_o 5._o election_n be_v either_o disturb_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n praecede_v or_o by_o delay_n of_o the_o royal_a assent_n subsequent_a the_o say_a election_n 6._o the_o lay_v power_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o clergy_n do_v put_v in_o eject_v or_o restore_v incumbent_n to_o benefice_n void_a 7._o prelate_n be_v summon_v to_o answer_v to_o the_o lay_v power_n in_o the_o writ_n quare_fw-la excommunicavit_fw-la and_o quare_fw-la non_fw-la admisit_fw-la 8._o clerk_n be_v distrain_v in_o their_o lie_v fee_n to_o answer_v before_o the_o lay_v power_n in_o action_n of_o debt_n trespass_n or_o other_o personal_a action_n and_o in_o case_n they_o have_v no_o lay_v fee_n the_o ordinary_a be_v distrain_v by_o his_o barony_n to_o cause_v the_o clerk_n to_o appear_v 9_o the_o laity_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v oath_n or_o to_o inform_v upon_o oath_n before_o the_o prelate_n and_o to_o obey_v prelate_n command_n in_o such_o case_n 10._o person_n take_v and_o imprison_v upon_o excommunication_n be_v ordinary_o dismiss_v without_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o prelate_n and_o sometime_o be_v not_o take_v by_o the_o sheriff_n 13._o 11._o 12._o &_o 33._o 13._o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o his_o officer_n do_v ordinary_o communicate_v with_o such_o as_o be_v excommunicate_v and_o likewise_o command_v other_o to_o communicate_v with_o they_o 14._o clerk_n imprison_v for_o felony_n be_v refuse_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o ordinary_a unless_o upon_o security_n to_o appear_v before_o the_o justice_n in_o oyer_n 15._o 15._o and_o sometime_o be_v hang_v before_o their_o ordinary_n can_v demand_v they_o and_o sometime_o their_o head_n be_v all_o shave_a that_o they_o may_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v clerk_n 16._o justice_n itinerant_a do_v imprison_v clerk_n defame_v for_o felony_n or_o otherwise_o outlaw_n they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o otherwise_o proceed_v against_o clerk_n after_o their_o purgation_n before_o the_o ordinary_a 17._o 17._o 18._o the_o lay_v power_n seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o clerk_n degrade_v for_o crime_n 19_o clergy_n be_v compel_v to_o answer_v and_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o offence_n against_o the_o forest_n law_n 20._o 20._o before_o the_o lay_v power_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n the_o bishop_n by_o distress_n be_v compel_v to_o order_n satisfaction_n 21._o 21._o as_o well_o in_o such_o case_n as_o in_o person_n all_o action_n 22._o privilege_n of_o sanctuary_n be_v invade_v by_o force_n 23._o executor_n of_o bishop_n be_v hinder_v from_o administer_a the_o estate_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o the_o king_n 24._o the_o king_n tenant_n good_n be_v seize_v after_o their_o decease_n by_o the_o king_n bailiff_n 25._o intestates_fw-la good_n be_v seize_v by_o their_o lord_n and_o their_o ordinary_a hinder_v from_o administration_n 26._o the_o king_n prohibition_n pass_v in_o case_n of_o tithe_n and_o chapel_n 27._o the_o like_a in_o case_n of_o trothplight_n perjury_n cerage_n heriet_fw-la or_o other_o church_n duty_n as_o money_n for_o reparation_n of_o church_n and_o fence_n in_o churchyard_n 28._o 28._o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o adultery_n 29._o 40._o 29._o and_o cost_n of_o suit_n in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n sacrilege_n excommunication_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n 30._o in_o case_n of_o prohibition_n if_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n proceed_v contrary_a to_o the_o same_o he_o be_v attach_v and_o compel_v to_o show_v his_o act_n in_o court_n if_o the_o lay_v judge_n determine_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v temporal_a the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v amerce_v if_o he_o proceed_v against_o the_o prohibition_n and_o it_o be_v try_v by_o witness_n of_o two_o ribauld_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n cognisance_n 31._o 31._o yet_o there_o be_v no_o cost_n allow_v for_o such_o vexation_n 32._o that_o jew_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a aforesaid_a be_v by_o the_o king_n prohibition_n draw_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n unto_o the_o lay_v magistrate_n 34._o question_v about_o land_n give_v in_o frankalmoine_n be_v try_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n 38._o 35._o 36._o 37._o 38._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o such_o tenure_n the_o owner_n though_o clergy_n man_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v suit_n at_o the_o lay_v court_n and_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n and_o be_v distrain_v hereunto_o although_o the_o lord_n have_v other_o land_n of_o the_o donor_n in_o frankallmoine_n subject_a to_o his_o distress_n 39_o prelate_n summon_v to_o high_a court_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v attorney_n to_o appear_v for_o they_o in_o the_o inferior_a civil_a court_n 41._o grantee_n of_o murage_n or_o other_o unwonted_a imposition_n compel_v the_o churchman_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o 42_o &_o 43._o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v with_o quarter_n cart-service_n and_o purvey_v 44._o the_o chancery_n send_v out_o new_a writ_n contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prince_n and_o prelate_n 45._o the_o king_n do_v compel_v the_o clergy_n to_o benevolence_n to_o the_o king_n at_o his_o voyage_n into_o foreign_a part_n 46._o amercement_n grant_v to_o clergy_n man_n be_v turn_v into_o fine_n by_o the_o justice_n and_o by_o they_o take_v 47._o clergy_n man_n be_v fine_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o of_o the_o forest_n upon_o common_a summons_n 48._o quo_fw-la warrantoe_n grant_v against_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o same_o seize_v unless_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o express_a word_n in_o their_o charter_n 50._o 49._o 50._o notwithstanding_o that_o by_o long_a custom_n they_o have_v enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o many_o time_n contrary_a to_o express_v grant_n this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o their_o paper_n of_o grievance_n and_o because_o they_o find_v the_o king_n either_o wilful_a or_o unconstant_a they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o remedy_n of_o their_o own_o by_o excommunication_n and_o interdiction_n not_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o any_o principal_a or_o accessary_n nor_o their_o land_n no_o not_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o for_o this_o they_o join_v all_o as_o one_o man_n now_o what_o scare_v this_o make_v i_o know_v not_o but_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlb_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o in_o his_o stat._n at_o westminster_n and_o other_o satatute_n the_o first_o speak_v fair_a and_o seem_v to_o redress_v some_o of_o these_o complaint_n as_o also_o do_v edward_n the_o second_o and_o yet_o the_o common_a law_n lose_v little_a ground_n thereby_o that_o which_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v beside_o his_o promise_n of_o reform_v be_v do_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlbridge_n the_o successor_n of_o abbat_n prior_n and_o prelate_n 29._o marlbr_n c._n 29._o etc._n etc._n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o trespass_n do_v nigh_o before_o the_o death_n of_o their_o predecessor_n upon_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o corporation_n and_o shall_v prosecute_v a_o action_n begin_v by_o their_o predecessor_n and_o also_o shall_v have_v a_o assize_n against_o intruder_n into_o any_o of_o the_o possession_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a corporation_n whereof_o their_o predecessor_n die_v seize_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o remedy_n provide_v against_o the_o first_o malady_n complain_v of_o and_o questionless_a bind_v all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o so_o may_v perchance_o abate_v somewhat_o the_o edge_n of_o that_o article_n but_o it_o be_v the_o clergy_n reach_v to_o grow_v rich_a and_o the_o pope_n cunning_a to_o help_v on_o that_o work_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o store_v for_o supply_v of_o his_o treasury_n and_o have_v forbid_a abbat_n and_o other_o prelate_n etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n of_o dispose_v their_o estate_n by_o last_o will._n king_n therefore_o as_o supreme_a patron_n to_o these_o body_n in_o their_o vacance_n use_v to_o seize_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n with_o the_o temporalty_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o well_o to_o preserve_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o itself_o and_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o corporation_n from_o spoil_n as_o to_o be_v a_o cloak_n of_o their_o own_o covetousness_n and_o under_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o head_n of_o these_o corporation_n all_o the_o
pass_v before_o the_o party_n be_v indict_v 1._o stat._n the_o asport_n relig_n 35_o e._n 1._o no_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o tax_n to_o any_o superior_a without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n nor_o shall_v send_v to_o any_o visitation_n out_o of_o england_n this_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o clergy_n nor_o act_n of_o kindness_n intend_v unto_o they_o but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o bleed_a of_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o foreign_a part_n 35._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 35._o patron_n of_o abbey_n shall_v have_v their_o custody_n during_o their_o vacancy_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n now_o revive_v by_o the_o clergy_n consent_n and_o intend_a for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o house_n and_o their_o maintenance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v with_o a_o sicut_fw-la superius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la cap._n 5._o 2._o stat._n de_fw-fr prisis_fw-la edw._n 2._o the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n free_v from_o purveyance_n unless_o they_o will_n it_o be_v a_o favour_n give_v by_o edw._n 2._o to_o the_o clergy_n to_o gain_v their_o good_a will_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gaveston_n the_o shameful_a defeat_n receive_v in_o scotland_n and_o some_o particular_a testimony_n of_o god_n displeasure_n whereof_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v somewhat_o sensible_a 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la 18_o edw._n 1._o franchise_n hold_v by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n confirm_v and_o trial_n by_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la allow_v to_o be_v in_o eyer_n it_o be_v the_o common_a share_n of_o the_o great_a man_n but_o especial_o of_o the_o clergy_n to_o have_v their_o franchise_n expose_v to_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o eagle_n or_o to_o such_o as_o hauk_v for_o they_o and_o its_o likely_a the_o king_n have_v not_o so_o easy_o forgo_v his_o prize_n if_o all_o the_o fat_a have_v fall_v to_o his_o own_o share_n but_o perceive_v that_o more_o benefit_n come_v to_o his_o instrument_n then_o be_v meet_v and_o himself_o little_a the_o better_a thereby_o he_o sacrifice_v his_o judge_n to_o the_o people_n but_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n and_o so_o gain_v both_o credit_n and_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n and_o profit_n to_o himself_o and_o in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v the_o 48_o 49_o 50._o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o 15_o article_n of_o their_o last_o complaint_n land_n or_o tenement_n alien_v to_o a_o religious_a house_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n 37._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 37._o if_o the_o alienor_fw-la take_v the_o same_o back_n to_o hold_v of_o that_o house_n the_o ground_n hereof_o principal_o be_v the_o prejudice_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o destruction_n of_o the_o tenure_n albeit_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a grievance_n complain_v of_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n that_o the_o clergy_n be_v covetous_a and_o swallow_v down_o estate_n and_o thereby_o weaken_v the_o kingdom_n but_o now_o they_o be_v become_v even_o cheater_n serve_v the_o turn_n of_o treacherous_a tenant_n that_o will_v give_v their_o land_n by_o compact_n with_o the_o church_n man_n to_o receive_v they_o again_o from_o they_o to_o hold_v of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o man_n thirst_v after_o in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o church_n man_n be_v more_o adore_v than_o their_o image_n 27._o bracton_n lib._n 1._o foe_n 13._o coke_n 2._o instit_fw-la super_fw-la magna_fw-la carta_fw-la cap._n 36._o p._n 74_o &_o 75._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o foe_n 27._o it_o seem_v this_o law_n be_v make_v after_o bractons_n time_n if_o that_o be_v true_a in_o the_o second_o institute_n for_o he_o say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v give_v his_o land_n to_o any_o one_o whether_o christian_n or_o jew_n or_o religious_a person_n and_o nothing_o shall_v hinder_v it_o but_o the_o special_a reservation_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o such_o gift_n or_o grant_n take_v not_o away_o the_o right_n of_o the_o lord_n paramount_n in_o his_o tenure_n albeit_o the_o gift_n be_v in_o free_a alm_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o restraint_n as_o the_o templar_n and_o hospitaller_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o a_o new_a way_n which_o be_v to_o protect_v man_n tenement_n from_o execution_n of_o law_n by_o levy_v cross_n thereon_o albeit_o the_o right_a of_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o bar_v and_o therefore_o edw._n 1._o 33._o stat._n west_n 2._o cap._n 33._o provide_v a_o law_n to_o make_v this_o also_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o mortmain_n within_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n call_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o case_n of_o such_o alienation_n in_o mortmain_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o enter_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o the_o lord_n paramount_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la 7_o e._n 1._o or_o if_o he_o fail_v the_o king_n shall_v enter_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o no_o licence_n of_o mortmain_n shall_v be_v sue_v out_o but_o by_o the_o mean_a lord_n assent_v and_o where_o part_n of_o the_o premise_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o donor_n and_o the_o original_a writ_n mention_v all_o the_o particular_n and_o thus_o at_o length_n be_v this_o issue_n for_o the_o present_a stay_a which_o hitherto_o waste_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 39_o stat._n de_fw-fr amortizandis_fw-la terris_fw-la m._n west_n an._n 1280._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 39_o and_o by_o continual_a current_n empty_v it_o into_o the_o mare_n mortuum_fw-la of_o the_o clergy_n consume_v the_o maintenance_n of_o knight_n service_n by_o convert_v the_o same_o to_o clerk-service_n no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o free_a man_n to_o make_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n command_n 3._o miror_fw-la just_n cap._n 5._o sec_fw-la 3._o so_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n render_v by_o a_o ancient_a author_n and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o wrong_v the_o text_n if_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v include_v within_o the_o equity_n though_o proper_o he_o be_v not_o balivus_fw-la for_o the_o law_n intend_v to_o show_v that_o its_o a_o liberty_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o take_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o show_v also_o that_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o until_o then_o have_v the_o directory_n of_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a liberty_n give_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n unto_o such_o as_o they_o please_v viz._n to_o impose_v oath_n 2._o malimsb_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg._n lib._n 2._o and_o to_o punish_v for_o breach_n of_o oath_n and_o this_o pass_v under_o the_o word_n athae_fw-la or_o athas_n and_o so_o edmund_n the_o saxon_a king_n give_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n among_o other_o athas_n &_o ordulas_n and_o the_o churchman_n that_o first_o procure_v vacation_n from_o suit_n of_o law_n during_o holy_a time_n procure_v a_o law_n also_o to_o be_v settle_v by_o edward_n the_o saxon_a king_n and_o gunthurne_n the_o dane_n 9_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 9_o that_o ordeale_n and_o oath_n shall_v be_v forbid_v upon_o the_o holy_a feast_n and_o lawful_a fast_n and_o a_o wonder_v it_o be_v how_o it_o escape_v the_o gripe_n of_o the_o clergy_n so_o long_o who_o catch_v at_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v but_o a_o glance_n of_o god_n worship_n in_o it_o and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o subject_n liberty_n not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o swear_v sure_o much_o more_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o accuse_v himself_o unless_o by_o the_o law_n he_o be_v especial_o bind_v 106._o bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7_o foe_n 106._o for_o it_o be_v glanviles_n rule_n ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curiae_fw-la but_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n now_o be_v grow_v strong_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o remember_v themselves_o and_o that_o oath_n be_v of_o a_o holy_a regard_n and_o they_o man_n for_o holiness_n best_o able_a to_o judge_v when_o and_o to_o who_o they_o shall_v be_v minister_v and_o therefore_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o enter_v their_o claim_n and_o to_o make_v a_o sure_a title_n they_o get_v a_o grant_n from_o pope_n innocent_a to_o steven_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o a_o faculty_n of_o licens_v administration_n of_o oath_n during_o the_o time_n of_o lent_n and_o he_o according_o enjoy_v it_o during_o the_o mad_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o edward_n the_o first_o quarrel_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o questionable_a to_o edward_n the_o second_o who_o be_v in_o his_o condition_n as_o a_o
divers_a lord_n the_o lord_n by_o priority_n shall_v have_v the_o marriage_n 16_o west_n 2._o cap._n 16_o these_o law_n be_v in_o use_n during_o the_o reign_v of_o those_o king_n although_o it_o can_v not_o be_v certain_o conclude_v hereby_o that_o the_o wife_n portion_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n partly_o because_o the_o female_a ward_n shall_v have_v no_o advancement_n if_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o partly_o because_o this_o forfeiture_n be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o penalty_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n 4._o cap._n 8._o vide_fw-la stat._n merton_n cap._n 1_o &_o 2._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 4._o widow_n shall_v have_v their_o dower_n inheritance_n their_o inheritance_n which_o they_o have_v joint_o with_o their_o husband_n their_o marriage_n free_o and_o their_o quarentine_n with_o due_a regard_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o i_o shall_v propound_v my_o own_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o king_n be_v within_o this_o law_n as_o well_o as_o within_o the_o former_a law_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n and_o as_o he_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o every_o law_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o grand_a charter_n as_o most_o immediate_o come_v from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o the_o lord_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o ground_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v intend_v to_o give_v liberty_n to_o widow_n of_o ward_n belong_v to_o inferior_a lord_n to_o marry_v who_o they_o will_v and_o that_o only_o the_o king_n widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v nor_o do_v this_o suit_n with_o the_o contest_v between_o the_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n that_o their_o widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o tenant_n discharge_v from_o their_o tuition_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v by_o the_o word_n maritagium_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v liberty_n of_o marriage_n but_o her_o marriage_n portion_n or_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la according_a to_o the_o forego_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_z henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o saxon_a custom_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v define_v and_o express_v that_o the_o widow_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o marry_v nevertheless_o if_o they_o shall_v marry_v they_o must_v marry_v with_o the_o lord_n like_v 12._o cap._n 9_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 12._o otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v a_o enemy_n to_o be_v his_o tenant_n that_o may_v instead_o of_o homage_n and_o service_n prove_v traitor_n and_o be_v his_o ruin_n last_o touch_v the_o widow_n dwelling_n the_o law_n think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o she_o shall_v immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v harbourlesse_a and_o therefore_o ordain_v that_o she_o may_v continue_v in_o her_o husband_n house_n forty_o day_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o castle_n and_o then_o she_o be_v to_o have_v another_o dwelling_n assign_v to_o she_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n she_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o person_n meet_v to_o defend_v a_o castle_n and_o this_o be_v call_v her_o quarentine_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a no_o man_n land_n shall_v be_v seize_v for_o debt_n to_o the_o king_n so_o long_o as_o the_o personal_a estate_n will_v satisfy_v 10._o cap._n 10._o nor_o shall_v his_o pledge_n be_v trouble_v so_o long_o as_o the_o principal_n be_v sufficient_a unless_o he_o refuse_v to_o satisfy_v and_o then_o the_o pledge_n shall_v recover_v in_o value_n the_o first_o part_n hereof_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o law_n concern_v elegit_fw-la former_o observe_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n for_o the_o regard_n of_o law_n principal_o extend_v unto_o the_o person_n next_o unto_o the_o free_a hold_n and_o last_o unto_o the_o good_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n in_o the_o same_o time_n unto_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v resort_v for_o further_a light_n herein_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o other_o city_n burrough_n 11._o cap._n 11._o and_o town_n and_o the_o cinqueport_n and_o other_o port_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o member_n thereof_o herein_o express_v have_v all_o their_o liberty_n save_v from_o the_o dint_n of_o conquest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o upon_o which_o although_o some_o of_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v invade_v 192._o seld._n spicil_n foe_fw-mi 192._o yet_o none_o of_o they_o make_v any_o absolute_a disseisin_n although_o disturbance_n in_o some_o particular_n but_o king_n john_n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o grand_a charter_n but_o by_o particular_a charter_n to_o each_o corporation_n with_o some_o enlargement_n and_o in_o his_o grand_a charter_n insert_v one_o clause_n which_o in_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o appear_v not_o which_o thus_o ensue_v et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la which_o if_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o latin_a mislead_v i_o not_o be_v thus_o in_o english_a and_o to_o have_v right_a of_o common_a council_n or_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o aid_n other_o then_o in_o three_o case_n aforesaid_a viz._n for_o redemption_n of_o their_o captive_a king_n for_o knight_v of_o the_o king_n son_n and_o for_o his_o daughter_n marriage_n because_o these_o three_o may_v be_v due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o two_o latter_a by_o custom_n the_o former_a by_o common_a right_n although_o mention_v from_o the_o late_a disaster_n of_o king_n richard_n which_o king_n john_n may_v with_o shame_n enough_o remember_v and_o expect_v the_o same_o measure_n from_o the_o censure_n of_o a_o unquiet_a conscience_n i_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o debate_n concern_v the_o omission_n hereof_o in_o the_o late_a charter_n possible_o it_o may_v seem_v a_o tautology_n nor_o concern_v the_o restriction_n as_o if_o it_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o burgess_n have_v vote_n only_o in_o case_n of_o general_a assessment_n but_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o reader_n 12._o cap._n 12._o no_o distress_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o great_a service_n or_o other_o matter_n than_o be_v due_a distress_n be_v in_o nature_n no_o other_o than_o a_o summons_n in_o act_n or_o the_o bring_n of_o a_o man_n to_o answer_v by_o seizure_n of_o part_n of_o his_o good_n and_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o because_o the_o rich_a man_n under_o colour_n of_o seek_v their_o right_n many_o time_n seek_v for_o wrong_n and_o though_o they_o can_v not_o prevail_v in_o the_o issue_n yet_o prevail_v so_o far_o as_o the_o defendant_n can_v not_o escape_v without_o charge_n and_o hindrance_n 9_o glanvil_n lib._n 12_o cap._n 9_o therefore_o the_o law_n provide_v a_o writ_n of_o remedy_n against_o unjust_a vexation_n which_o glanvile_n remember_v we_o of_o and_o yet_o because_o that_o remedy_n also_o carry_v with_o it_o matter_n of_o charge_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o plantiffe_n and_o so_o the_o remedy_n may_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n therefore_o the_o law_n define_v distress_n by_o circumstance_n of_o person_n matter_n time_n and_o place_n under_o penalty_n of_o fine_a and_o amercement_n beside_o the_o recompense_n to_o the_o party_n first_o 8._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 1._o glanvil_n lib_n 9_o cap._n 1_o &_o 8._o it_o must_v not_o be_v take_v but_o by_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n court_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o matter_n due_a by_o common_a right_n and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o plantiffe_n the_o king_n send_v out_o a_o summons_n in_o this_o manner_n henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la ang._n hominibus_fw-la abbatis_fw-la de_fw-fr ramsey_n salutem_fw-la 215._o gloss_n 215._o precipi_fw-la oquod_fw-la cito_fw-la &_o just_a reddatis_fw-la abbati_n domino_fw-la vestro_fw-la quicquid_fw-la ei_fw-la debetis_fw-la in_o censu_fw-la &_o firma_fw-la &_o debitis_fw-la &_o placitis_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la nolueritis_fw-la ipse_fw-la vos_fw-la inde_fw-la constringat_fw-la per_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la vestram_fw-la and_o in_o all_o case_n of_o matter_n due_a by_o common_a right_n 15._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 8._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 2_o 3_o 4_o 15._o the_o distress_n never_o be_v do_v in_o a_o arbitrary_a way_n but_o by_o judicial_a act_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n second_o no_o distress_n for_o suit_n shall_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o fee_n nor_o against_o any_o person_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o that_o fee._n nor_o shall_v any_o distress_n be_v make_v in_o
the_o king_n high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n but_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o special_a writ_n because_o distress_n be_v incident_a to_o service_n and_o that_o be_v due_a as_o from_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o by_o common_a right_n the_o same_o must_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o fee_n and_o such_o as_o owe_v service_n in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n be_v more_o proper_o a_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n although_o the_o soil_n haply_o may_v be_v the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o old_a law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v under_o the_o king_n safeguard_n inae_fw-la ll._n inae_fw-la sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o no_o violence_n must_v be_v there_o tolerate_v but_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n which_o presuppose_v the_o especial_a notice_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o occasion_n a_o moderation_n also_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o take_n of_o the_o distress_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v excessive_a and_o also_o in_o keep_v thereof_o for_o if_o the_o owner_n will_v he_o may_v replevy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a course_n 12._o marlb_n cap_n 21._o glanvil_n lib._n 12_o cap._n 12._o and_o the_o sheriff_n must_v grant_v replevy_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v although_o former_o no_o replevy_n be_v without_o special_a writ_n and_o yet_o they_o also_o not_o always_o ready_o obey_v for_o the_o time_n be_v such_o as_o the_o lord_n be_v bold_a with_o the_o king_n court_n and_o minister_n and_o refuse_v the_o order_n of_o the_o law_n now_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o the_o matter_n concern_v contempt_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n a_o fine_a be_v set_v upon_o the_o offender_n but_o in_o case_n it_o concern_v only_o a_o tort_n do_v to_o the_o party_n he_o be_v amerce_v the_o one_o be_v call_v redemption_n because_o the_o penalty_n otherwise_o must_v lie_v upon_o the_o person_n 3._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 3._o if_o it_o be_v not_o redeem_v by_o pecuniary_a fine_a the_o other_o be_v call_v amercement_n which_o be_v original_o a_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o recompense_n out_o of_o the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 12._o distric_n scac._n artic._n mag_z cart_n cap._n 12._o three_o as_o touch_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v of_o plough_n beast_n or_o sheep_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n fesant_n if_o other_o distress_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o law_n have_v a_o care_n of_o such_o cattle_n as_o be_v most_o of_o public_a concernment_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a stock_n of_o subsistence_n so_o far_o as_o justice_n will_v allow_v and_o therefore_o the_o unjust_a take_n of_o any_o man_n cat-tail_n by_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o penalty_n that_o unjust_a distress_n be_v 16._o west_n 1._o cap._n 16._o four_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v sell_v no_o not_o in_o the_o king_n case_n till_o fifteen_o day_n be_v pass_v after_o it_o be_v take_v scac._n marlbr_n cap._n 4._o distric_n scac._n nor_o must_v it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o county_n but_o it_o must_v be_v so_o impound_v as_o the_o owner_n may_v come_v to_o feed_v it_o and_o it_o must_v be_v discharge_v if_o the_o owner_n give_v security_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n 12._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 12._o five_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o distress_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o therefore_o not_o for_o other_o suit_n then_o by_o the_o feoffment_n be_v due_a or_o else_o by_o prescription_n and_o in_o case_n many_o be_v joint_o seize_v 9_o marlbr_n cap._n 9_o the_o suit_n shall_v be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o rest_n shall_v contribute_v 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o must_v any_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o show_v his_o title_n to_o his_o land_n by_o distress_n 13._o cap._n 13._o the_o common_a plea_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o one_o certain_a place_n the_o office_n of_o judge_n of_o the_o common-plea_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n distinct_a and_o several_a from_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n plea_n nor_o though_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n may_v execute_v both_o authority_n do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n as_o if_o be_v judge_n he_o have_v thereby_o power_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o also_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o bracton_n say_v the_o king_n have_v one_o proper_a court_n wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a judge_n nostri_fw-la capitale_n just_a nostri_fw-la which_o both_o by_o his_o own_o testimony_n and_o briton_n also_o do_v hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o be_v it_o true_a also_o that_o it_o be_v by_o appeal_n or_o writ_n of_o error_n as_o in_o case_n of_o false_a judgement_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v plures_fw-la curias_fw-la 20._o marblr_n cap._n 20._o which_o doubtless_o have_v their_o proper_a work_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o its_o clear_a that_o six_o be_v especial_o assign_v for_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o yet_o by_o another_o especial_a commission_n or_o letter_n patent_n the_o same_o man_n may_v also_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o several_a circuit_n this_o law_n therefore_o do_v not_o as_o i_o conceive_v work_v any_o alteration_n but_o only_o in_o this_o that_o whereas_o former_o the_o judge_n of_o common_a plea_n attend_v on_o the_o king_n court_n continual_o as_o all_o other_o judge_n do_v and_o whither_o the_o king_n remove_v they_o do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o grievance_n unto_o the_o commons_o henceforth_o they_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n and_o mortdancester_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n only_o 14._o cap._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a send_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n the_o law_n be_v so_o declare_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o be_v questionless_a put_v in_o practice_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o with_o convenience_n to_o the_o judge_n may_v be_v but_o now_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o people_n be_v prefer_v and_o they_o must_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o king_n court_n but_o the_o justice_n must_v come_v down_o to_o they_o and_o yet_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n the_o bench_n where_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v hold_v must_v determine_v the_o matter_n and_o where_o the_o time_n in_o the_o iter_fw-la in_o one_o county_n be_v too_o scant_o the_o remanet_n shall_v be_v adjourn_v over_o to_o be_v try_v elsewhere_o in_o that_o circuit_n which_o show_v that_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v their_o time_n proportion_v out_o to_o every_o county_n these_o trial_n also_o be_v so_o favour_v 51._o westm_n cap._n 51._o as_o in_o the_o then_o holy_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagesima_fw-la or_o lent_n they_o may_v be_v try_v which_o although_o be_v gain_v by_o prayer_n make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o bishop_n as_o the_o word_n of_o that_o law_n be_v conclude_v yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o hold_v the_o time_n not_o inherent_o holy_a but_o mere_o sequester_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o plaintiff_n also_o in_o mortdancester_n may_v be_v divers_a if_o there_o be_v divers_a heir_n of_o one_o ancester_n by_o one_o title_n 6._o stat._n gloc._n ca._n 6._o and_o if_o there_o be_v joyntenant_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v against_o but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plead_v 1_o conjanct_n feofat_fw-mi an._n 34._o e._n 1._o stat._n gloc_n ca._n 1_o the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v but_o if_o joyntenancy_n be_v plead_v and_o the_o plea_n be_v false_a the_o defendant_n shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o if_o in_o the_o action_n the_o verdict_n be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n 15._o cap._n 15._o darraine_a presentment_n shall_v be_v take_v only_o in_o the_o common_a bank_n trial_n in_o the_o common_a bank_n or_o other_o court_n at_o westminster_n have_v ever_o have_v a_o honourable_a esteem_n above_o those_o in_o the_o county_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la although_o all_o be_v equal_o available_a this_o may_v be_v one_o cause_n why_o the_o title_n of_o church_n be_v still_o retain_v at_o the_o common_a bank_n when_o as_o all_o other_o ride_v circuit_n for_o that_o church_n affair_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o high_a regard_n speed_v of_o trial_n also_o be_v not_o little_o regard_v herein_o for_o justice_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la proper_o be_v but_o for_o inquiry_n till_o the_o statute_n at_o westm_n the_o second_o make_v they_o of_o oyer_n
be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n but_o in_o two_o case_n viz._n of_o king_n and_o castle_n in_o the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o government_n be_v principal_o concern_v in_o the_o other_o the_o public_a defence_n for_o it_o may_v be_v well_o conjecture_v that_o castle_n be_v either_o first_o make_v in_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n and_o great_a town_n gather_v to_o they_o for_o their_o better_a safety_n or_o that_o the_o town_n be_v first_o gather_v in_o place_n of_o commodious_a habitation_n and_o then_o castle_n be_v make_v for_o their_o better_a defence_n or_o if_o they_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o victor_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o by_o continuance_n together_o become_v tractable_a and_o conspire_v for_o the_o mutual_a defence_n of_o each_o other_o but_o as_o touch_v such_o citadel_n or_o castle_n that_o be_v set_v in_o solitary_a place_n they_o may_v seem_v rather_o first_o intend_v for_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n and_o his_o family_n and_o neighbour_a tenant_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o purveyance_n for_o castle_n it_o seem_v the_o proper_a town_n wherein_o it_o be_v be_v principal_o liable_a to_o that_o duty_n because_o their_o safety_n be_v more_o principal_o interest_v and_o therefore_o prize_v there_o take_v may_v be_v pay_v at_o a_o day_n to_o come_v but_o in_o all_o other_o place_n immediate_o nevertheless_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o soldier_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n of_o favour_v their_o own_o quarter_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o heart_n against_o a_o back_n winter_n know_v that_o at_o such_o time_n its_o better_a to_o seek_v for_o provision_n nigh_o then_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o seek_v far_o off_o but_o this_o stratagem_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o next_o king_n who_o inhibit_v all_o manner_n of_o purveyance_n in_o any_o other_o town_n 7_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 7_o then_o in_o the_o same_o town_n wherein_o the_o castle_n be_v seat_v this_o be_v a_o charge_n that_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o occasional_a that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a and_o burdensome_a upon_o the_o subject_n be_v purveyance_n for_o the_o king_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o retinue_n especial_o in_o those_o day_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o resort_n to_o the_o market_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v free_a to_o the_o people_n for_o that_o the_o first_o service_n must_v be_v for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o what_o scrap_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o commons_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a for_o the_o king_n family_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o purveyance_n 2._o artic._n super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 2._o and_o to_o avoid_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v and_o do_v arise_v in_o those_o spoil_v time_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v felony_n for_o any_o purveyor_n to_o purvy_a without_o warrant_n 2._o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n purveyour_fw-mi must_v purvey_v for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o that_o he_o must_v purvey_v only_o for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o to_o purvey_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o thing_n they_o take_v and_o because_o king_n be_v oftentimes_o necessitate_v for_o removal_n from_o place_n to_o place_n purveyance_n of_o carriage_n be_v also_o allow_v 32._o west_n 1._o c._n 32._o and_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n be_v grieve_v either_o by_o more_o purveyance_n than_o be_v necessary_a or_o by_o non_fw-fr payment_n for_o their_o commodity_n so_o take_v or_o with_o composition_n for_o the_o king_n debt_n for_o such_o purveyance_n the_o offender_n be_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 2._o artic_a super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 2._o or_o if_o they_o be_v grieve_v by_o purveyor_n without_o warrant_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n he_o that_o serve_v in_o castleguard_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o payment_n of_o rent_n for_o that_o service_n 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o be_v he_o compellable_n to_o either_o so_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o service_n in_o the_o army_n by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n none_o but_o a_o knight_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n mention_v only_o such_o and_o therefore_o to_o hold_v by_o castleguard_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight-service_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o rent_n for_o castle_n guard_v original_o be_v consistent_a with_o knightservice_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o promiscuous_o knight_n may_v either_o perform_v the_o service_n or_o pay_v rend_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o upon_o occasion_n do_v neither_o if_o the_o king_n send_v they_o into_o the_o field_n and_o last_o that_o a_o knight_n may_v either_o do_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o esquire_n or_o another_o appoint_v by_o he_o thereto_o no_o knight_n nor_o lord_n nor_o churchmen_n carriage_n 23._o cap._n 23._o nor_o no_o man_n wood_n shall_v be_v take_v against_o the_o owner_n consent_n nor_o shall_v any_o man_n carriage_n be_v take_v if_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o hire_n limit_v by_o the_o law_n churchman_n be_v exempt_v from_o charge_n to_o the_o king_n carriage_n mere_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o canon_n which_o exempt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o such_o lie_v service_n nevertheless_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n former_o mention_v show_v that_o this_o be_v not_o due_o observe_v knight_n and_o lord_n be_v discharge_v not_o only_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o port_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v public_a servant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o equal_o serve_v by_o themselves_o and_o their_o equipage_n and_o their_o carriage_n as_o a_o necessary_a assistant_n thereunto_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o profit_n of_o felon_n land_n then_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 24._o cap._n 24._o and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v the_o remainder_n ancient_o the_o lord_n have_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o felon_n be_v their_o tenant_n 2._o instit_fw-la 2._o and_o the_o king_n have_v only_o the_o prerogative_n to_o waste_v they_o as_o a_o penalty_n or_o part_n thereof_o but_o afterward_o the_o lord_n by_o agreement_n yield_v unto_o the_o king_n the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n profit_n to_o save_v the_o land_n from_o spoil_n 16._o bract._n lib._n 3._o foe_n 137._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 16._o and_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n the_o king_n have_v both_o the_o year_n and_o day_n and_o waste_v fugitive_n also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n viz._n such_o as_o desert_v their_o country_n either_o in_o time_n of_o need_n or_o such_o as_o flee_v from_o the_o trial_n of_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n for_o in_o both_o case_n the_o saxon_n account_v they_o as_o common_a felon_n nevertheless_o the_o two_o custom_n of_o gloucester_n and_o kent_n be_v save_v out_o of_o this_o law_n by_o the_o statute_n the_o first_o whereof_o save_v the_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n from_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o second_o save_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o for_o want_n of_o such_o to_o the_o heir_n female_n and_o to_o the_o wife_n her_o moiety_n until_o she_o be_v espouse_v to_o another_o man_n 12._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 14._o fit_v 2_o e._n 2._o tit._n escheat_n 12._o unless_o she_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o same_o by_o fornication_n during_o her_o widowhood_n and_o by_o the_o same_o law_n also_o the_o king_n have_v all_o escheate_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o archbshop_n and_o bishop_n during_o the_o vacancy_n as_o a_o perquisite_a but_o escheat_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o king_n have_v they_o in_o jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la of_o whosoever_o they_o be_v hold_v 25._o cap._n 25._o all_o wear_v shall_v be_v destroy_v but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n as_o it_o seem_v claim_v a_o lordship_n in_o the_o thames_n and_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o have_v all_o the_o wear_v to_o his_o own_o use_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o charter_n make_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n recite_v in_o the_o second_o institute_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o this_o be_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o free_a man_n especial_o of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o free_a man_n be_v to_o have_v right_a of_o free_a passage_n through_o river_n as_o well_o as_o through_o high_a way_n and_o purpresture_n in_o either_o be_v equal_o noxious_a to_o the_o common_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v set_v down_o under_o the_o example_n or_o instance_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o medway_n contain_v all_o the_o river_n in_o
england_n albeit_o that_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o the_o like_a present_a regard_n as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v 26._o cap._n 26._o the_o writ_n of_o praecipe_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v grant_v of_o any_o free_a hold_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o court_n thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o oppression_n in_o those_o time_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o inferior_a or_o lord_n court_v concern_v a_o free_a hold_n a_o writ_n of_o praecipe_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v have_v upon_o a_o surmise_n that_o the_o free_a hold_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o may_v prove_v a_o absolute_a destruction_n to_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o demandant_o case_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n instead_o of_o the_o word_n court_n have_v the_o word_n cause_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o know_v weight_n and_o measure_n 27._o cap._n 27._o and_o one_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n this_o law_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ancient_o establish_v among_o the_o saxon_n 3._o ll._n edgar_n c._n 3._o as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v and_o continue_v in_o the_o norman_n time_n and_o confirm_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o king_n john_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o abridge_v the_o liberty_n of_o particular_a person_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o common_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o avoid_v deceit_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o know_a price_n of_o clothes_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o wine_n be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o ale_n otherwise_o the_o measure_n of_o wine_n can_v not_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n if_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o make_v in_o other_o country_n inquisition_n of_o life_n and_o member_n shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v without_o fee_n 28._o cap._n 28._o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o latter_a original_n make_v to_o take_v away_o a_o norman_a oppression_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o crime_n not_o bailable_a beyond_o the_o next_o county_n court_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v but_o when_o those_o rural_a court_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o power_n and_o the_o king_n court_n to_o devour_v trial_n of_o that_o nature_n especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v but_o rare_a and_o for_o divers_a year_n many_o time_n intermit_v during_o all_o which_o time_n suppose_v offender_n must_v lie_v in_o prison_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n it_o occasion_v a_o new_a device_n to_o save_v the_o common_a liberty_n by_o special_a writ_n sue_v out_o by_o the_o party_n imprison_v or_o under_o bail_n suppose_v himself_o circumvent_v by_o hatred_n and_o malice_n and_o by_o the_o same_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o a_o inquisition_n be_v take_v and_o trial_n make_v of_o the_o offence_n whether_o he_o deserve_v loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o suppose_a offender_n he_o be_v bail_v till_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o for_o this_o the_o writ_n be_v call_v the_o writ_n of_o inquisition_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o sometime_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la but_o these_o inquest_n be_v soon_o become_v degenerate_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o meet_v with_o a_o countercheck_n from_o the_o law_n or_o first_o rather_o a_o regulation_n 11_o west_n 1._o cap._n 11_o for_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o inquest_n shall_v be_v choose_v upon_o oath_n and_o that_o two_o of_o the_o inquest_n at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v knight_n and_o those_o not_o interress_v in_o the_o cause_n but_o yet_o this_o can_v not_o rectify_v the_o matter_n for_o it_o seem_v so_o impossible_a to_o do_v justice_n and_o show_v mercy_n this_o way_n 9_o glocest_n cap_n 9_o that_o the_o writ_n be_v at_o length_n take_v away_o and_o man_n leave_v to_o their_o lot_n till_o the_o come_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v endure_v above_o seven_o year_n for_o though_o the_o king_n be_v a_o brave_a soldier_n 29._o west_n 2._o cap._n 29._o and_o prosperous_a yet_o the_o people_n overcome_v he_o and_o recover_v their_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la again_o 29._o cap._n 29._o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o their_o tenant_n heir_n although_o they_o hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n in_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n soccage_n burgage_n or_o fee_n farm_n inferior_a lord_n have_v the_o same_o right_n of_o wardship_n with_o the_o king_n for_o their_o tenor_n in_o knightservice_n although_o their_o tenant_n do_v hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o knight-service_n which_o be_v a_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o tenant_n own_o person_n or_o by_o the_o person_n of_o his_o esquire_n or_o other_o deputy_n in_o his_o stead_n but_o as_o touch_v such_o service_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v to_o he_o by_o render_v or_o serve_v he_o with_o arm_n or_o other_o utensile_n this_o be_v no_o knightservice_n though_o such_o utensile_n concern_v war_n 9_o glanvil_n lib_n 7._o cap._n 9_o but_o be_v call_v petit_n serjeanty_n as_o in_o the_o lawbooke_n do_v appear_v nevertheless_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v usurp_v wardship_n in_o such_o case_n also_o and_o the_o same_o among_o other_o occasion_v the_o baron_n war_n 30._o cap._n 30._o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o freeman_n to_o confess_v matter_n against_o himself_o upon_o oath_n without_o complaint_n first_o make_v against_o he_o nor_o shall_v receive_v any_o complaint_n without_o present_a proof_n this_o law_n in_o the_o original_n be_v set_v down_o in_o another_o kind_n of_o phrase_n in_o the_o first_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v obscure_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o express_a word_n it_o be_v thus_o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v any_o man_n ad_fw-la legem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o impli_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v otherwise_o obscure_a if_o the_o party_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o suspect_v do_v not_o manifest_v the_o same_o by_o his_o own_o declare_v of_o the_o truth_n or_o matter_n inquire_v after_o and_o therefore_o they_o use_v in_o such_o case_n to_o put_v he_o to_o oath_n and_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o matter_n or_o acquit_v himself_o the_o judge_n will_v sometime_o discharge_v he_o or_o otherwise_o put_v he_o to_o his_o compurgator_n and_o this_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la manifesta_fw-la or_o lex_fw-la apparens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n first_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a judge_n imitate_v they_o therein_o and_o this_o become_v a_o snare_n and_o sore_a burden_n to_o the_o subject_n to_o avoid_v which_o they_o complain_v of_o this_o new_a kind_n of_o trial_n and_o for_o remedy_n of_o this_o usurpation_n this_o law_n revive_v and_o establish_v the_o only_a and_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n for_o glanvill_n say_v ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la 106_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 106_o and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v urge_v upon_o such_o difficulty_n unless_o by_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o complaint_n and_o witness_n ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o both_o appeal_n and_o action_n then_o use_v to_o conclude_v their_o plea_n with_o the_o name_n of_o witness_n subjoin_v which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v imply_v in_o those_o general_a word_n in_o their_o conclusion_n et_fw-la inde_fw-la producit_fw-la sectam_fw-la svam_fw-la that_o be_v he_o bring_v his_o sect_n or_o suit_n or_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v or_o affirm_v his_o complaint_n as_o a_o other_o part_n also_o be_v imply_v in_o those_o word_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la hengham_n seld._n super_fw-la hengham_n for_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n sect_n or_o suit_n of_o witness_n do_v not_o full_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n the_o defendant_n averment_n be_v make_v good_a by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o so_o the_o trial_n be_v conclude_v no_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n 31._o cap._n 31._o or_o liberty_n outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n nor_o shall_v justice_n be_v
of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o miror_fw-la of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v 20._o bract._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 20._o talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n 10_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 10_o but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n 4._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 11._o west_n 1._o cap._n 4._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n the_o statute_n at_o westm_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n then_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppell_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v 17._o marlb_n cap._n 17._o the_o heir_n in_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n 37._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 37._o who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_a as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knightservice_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v 14_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v b_o able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n 1._o merton_n cap._n 1._o widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n 2._o cap._n 2._o they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o divise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o bract._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n 24._o west_n 2._o cap._n 24._o and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law_n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 44._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la artic._n 44._o as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_v nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o in_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v befall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v likewise_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law_n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o west_n 1._o c._n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knightservice_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o latter_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown_n plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o common_a plea_n only_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o for_n inquiry_n all_o which_o save_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o ancient_a use_n be_v institute_v
nation_n who_o value_n their_o estate_n and_o liberty_n above_o their_o own_o life_n 13._o rape_n west_n 1._o cap._n 13._o rape_n upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o party_n violate_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n shall_v have_v right_a if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v convict_v without_o such_o complaint_n make_v he_o shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v before_o this_o law_n this_o crime_n be_v but_o finable_a unless_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v upon_o a_o virgin_n for_o then_o the_o member_n be_v lose_v and_o this_o be_v the_o saxon_n law_n but_o the_o norman_n inflict_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o member_n upon_o all_o delinquent_n in_o any_o rape_n nor_o be_v this_o make_a felony_n by_o any_o law_n or_o custom_n that_o i_o can_v find_v till_o about_o these_o day_n it_o be_v true_a that_o canutus_n punish_v it_o capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la by_o way_n of_o compensation_n which_o rather_o give_v a_o rule_n of_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o import_v a_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o a_o offence_n do_v against_o the_o crown_n as_o if_o it_o be_v thereby_o make_v capital_a but_o for_o the_o more_o certainty_n of_o the_o penalty_n another_o law_n provide_v that_o if_o the_o rape_n be_v commit_v without_o the_o woman_n consent_n subsequent_a she_o may_v have_v a_o appeal_n of_o rape_n 34._o west_n 2._o cap._n 34._o and_o though_o a_o consent_n be_v subsequent_a yet_o the_o delinquent_n upon_o indictment_n find_v shall_v suffer_v death_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o appeal_n but_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o good_n of_o her_o husband_n beside_o action_n of_o the_o party_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o fine_a if_o the_o wife_n elope_v she_o shall_v lose_v her_o dower_n if_o she_o be_v not_o reconcile_v before_o her_o husband_n death_n all_o which_o now_o recite_v proviso_n be_v comprehend_v together_o in_o one_o chapter_n and_o yet_o the_o chapter_n be_v partee_fw-mi per_fw-mi fess_v french_a and_o latin_a so_o far_o thereof_o as_o concern_v death_n be_v write_v in_o french_a be_v the_o most_o know_a language_n to_o the_o great_a man_n in_o general_a many_o of_o who_o be_v french_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o interest_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v with_o france_n in_o his_o late_a war_n against_o the_o baron_n it_o be_v therefore_o publish_v by_o way_n of_o caveat_n that_o no_o person_n that_o understand_v french_a may_v plead_v ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n that_o concern_v their_o life_n the_o residue_n of_o that_o chapter_n be_v write_v in_o latin_a as_o all_o the_o other_o law_n of_o that_o parliament_n be_v upon_o ground_n former_o in_o this_o discourse_n note_v one_o proviso_n more_o remain_v which_o be_v also_o comprehend_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n with_o the_o former_a viz._n any_o person_n that_o shall_v carry_v away_o a_o nun_n from_o her_o house_n shall_v suffer_v imprisonment_n for_o three_o year_n and_o render_v damage_n to_o the_o house_n this_o crime_n be_v former_o only_o inwombed_a in_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o now_o bear_v and_o bring_v forth_o into_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o statute_n law_n rather_o to_o vindicate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o free_a man_n then_o in_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o clergy_n 197._o antiq._n brit._n foe_o 197._o who_o have_v be_v very_o bold_a with_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o archbishop_n peckham_n not_o a_o year_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n for_o this_o offence_n have_v excommunicate_v sir_n osborne_n gifford_n nor_o can_v he_o get_v absolution_n but_o upon_o his_o penance_n first_o he_o be_v disple_v with_o rod_n three_o time_n once_o in_o the_o open_a church_n at_o wilton_n then_o in_o the_o marketplace_n at_o shaftsbury_n and_o last_o in_o the_o public_a church_n there_o then_o he_o must_v fast_o divers_a month_n last_o he_o must_v be_v disrobe_v of_o all_o military_a habiliment_n viz._n gild_n spur_n sword_n saddell_n golden_a trappings_o and_o to_o use_v no_o brave_a garment_n but_o russet_a with_o lamb_n and_o sheep_n skin_n to_o use_v no_o shirt_n nor_o take_v up_o his_o order_n again_o until_o he_o have_v spend_v three_o year_n pilgrimage_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o unto_o this_o penance_n the_o knight_n by_o oath_n bind_v himself_o a_o strange_a power_n and_o to_o repress_v which_o it_o be_v time_n for_o the_o people_n to_o look_v about_o they_o and_o rather_o to_o punish_v delinquent_n themselves_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o will_n of_o such_o man_n as_o never_o have_v enough_o concealment_n or_o neglect_n of_o apprehend_v of_o felon_n punish_v by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 9_o concealment_n of_o felon_n west_n 1._o cap._n 9_o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n pursuit_n of_o felon_n with_o hui_fw-fr and_o cry_n be_v make_v by_o lord_n of_o manor_n bailiff_n of_o liberty_n sheriff_n and_o coroner_n whereas_o now_o they_o be_v make_v by_o constable_n see_v more_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o peace_n escapes_n also_o be_v punish_v with_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o lord_n have_v the_o fine_a in_o other_o place_n the_o sheriff_n and_o in_o some_o case_n the_o king_n 3._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o yet_o it_o in_o no_o case_n be_v any_o fine_a assess_v or_o take_v till_o the_o trial_n before_o the_o justice_n person_n defame_v for_o felony_n â—_o defame_a felon_n west_n 1._o cap._n â—_o not_o submit_v to_o trial_n by_o law_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o close_v and_o hard_a imprisonment_n it_o have_v be_v account_v a_o extreme_a construction_n of_o this_o law_n and_o questionless_a so_o it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n shall_v warrant_v that_o punishment_n of_o press_v to_o death_n which_o have_v be_v of_o late_a time_n more_o constant_o use_v then_o former_a time_n ever_o know_v of_o for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o some_o trick_n of_o torture_n be_v sometime_o use_v even_o before_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o so_o may_v now_o and_o then_o leave_v some_o few_o example_n after_o the_o norman_a time_n yet_o do_v the_o law_n never_o patronise_v such_o course_n especial_o if_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n suspect_v ensue_v thereupon_o 9_o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sect_n 9_o but_o account_v it_o manslaughter_n and_o the_o end_n of_o this_o law_n be_v not_o to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n but_o to_o urge_v he_o to_o confess_v and_o so_o briton_n say_v such_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o trial_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o penance_n till_o he_o shall_v pray_v to_o be_v admit_v thereunto_o and_o therefore_o the_o penance_n then_o use_v be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o necessary_o infer_v death_n 24._o briton_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 24._o nor_o be_v it_o a_o final_a judgement_n in_o the_o trial_n but_o only_o a_o mean_n thereto_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v rather_o consist_v in_o denial_n of_o convenience_n then_o inflict_v of_o pain_n now_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v use_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o indictment_n in_o those_o day_n whereof_o beside_o appeal_n by_o the_o party_n some_o be_v of_o particular_a fact_n do_v other_o only_o of_o a_o fame_n and_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o course_n in_o the_o second_o be_v 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 10_o cap._n 1._o that_o if_o a_o man_n will_v not_o submit_v but_o will_v stand_v mute_a he_o be_v put_v to_o this_o kind_n of_o imprisonment_n for_o the_o discover_v law_n be_v by_o henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o but_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v positive_o accuse_v of_o a_o felony_n and_o thereupon_o indict_v by_o a_o witness_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o then_o the_o delinquent_n will_v not_o submit_v to_o his_o trial_n by_o law_n in_o such_o case_n the_o final_a judgement_n be_v to_o die_v o_o north_n fame_n etc._n etc._n because_o in_o the_o one_o there_o be_v a_o fact_n affirm_v against_o he_o by_o a_o witness_n and_o in_o the_o other_o only_o a_o fame_n or_o suspicion_n which_o be_v not_o pregnant_a against_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n but_o this_o manner_n of_o indictment_n be_v now_o lay_v aside_o and_o all_o proceed_n being_n upon_o a_o fact_n affirm_v against_o the_o party_n i_o conceive_v this_o law_n of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o these_o day_n 15._o bayle_n west_n 1._o cap._n 15._o bail_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o outlaw_n fore-jured_n thief_n take_v in_o the_o act_n notorious_a thief_n appeal_v person_n burner_n of_o house_n breaker_n of_o prison_n false_a coiner_n counterfeiter_n of_o the_o broad-seale_a prisoner_n upon_o excommunication_n open_a malefactor_n and_o traitor_n against_o the_o king_n the_o six_o first_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o person_n attaint_v either_o upon_o their_o own_o confession_n or_o such_o manifest_a evidence_n as_o in_o common_a reason_n can_v be_v gainsayd_v all_o which_o be_v before_o this_o law_n under_o bail_n yea_o the_o last_o
of_o all_o 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 1._o although_o the_o most_o heinous_a of_o all_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o touch_v breaker_n of_o prison_n in_o these_o time_n it_o be_v felony_n for_o what_o cause_n soever_o they_o be_v commit_v and_o therefore_o their_o imprisonment_n be_v without_o bail_n for_o who_o so_o make_v no_o conscience_n of_o break_v the_o prison_n his_o credit_n will_v little_o avail_v yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o law_n imprison_v few_o without_o bail_n in_o those_o forego_v time_n but_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o execution_n but_o afterward_o the_o case_n of_o commitment_n be_v ordinary_a even_o in_o matter_n of_o mean_a process_n and_o because_o man_n credit_n wax_v weak_a by_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o estate_n now_o waste_v by_o the_o civilwar_n there_o fore_o in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v the_o felony_n in_o such_o case_n only_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o prison_n by_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v for_o felony_n and_o as_o touch_v imprisonment_n upon_o excommunication_n its_o manifest_a that_o within_o five_o year_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v complain_v that_o such_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o king_n writ_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la replegnando_n without_o the_o bishop_n consent_n paris_n addit_fw-la m._n paris_n but_o now_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o day_n of_o the_o law_n which_o do_v much_o decline_v from_o that_o guard_n of_o imprisonment_n but_o hate_v perpetual_a imprisonment_n nor_o be_v this_o complaint_n ground_v upon_o any_o other_o law_n then_o that_o of_o the_o canon_n for_o the_o common_a law_n ever_o hold_v the_o supreme_a cognisance_n of_o excommunication_n within_o its_o own_o power_n as_o upon_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr quare_fw-la excomunicato_fw-la may_v appear_v other_o crime_n be_v yet_o also_o by_o this_o law_n allow_v bail_n such_o as_o be_v person_n indict_v of_o larceny_n before_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n person_n imprison_v upon_o slight_a ground_n receiver_n and_o accessory_n before_o felony_n trespasser_n person_n appeal_v by_o prover_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o approver_n if_o bail_n be_v grant_v otherwise_o than_o the_o law_n allow_v the_o party_n that_o allow_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v fine_v imprison_v render_v damage_n or_o forfeit_v his_o place_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o thus_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n be_v so_o great_a as_o it_o even_o force_v the_o subject_n to_o forgo_v that_o which_o be_v in_o account_n a_o great_a liberty_n to_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o a_o grow_a mischief_n 34._o spreader_n of_o false_a news_n west_n 1._o cap._n 34._o publisher_n of_o false_a news_n whereby_o discord_n or_o slander_n may_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n shall_v be_v imprison_v till_o he_o produce_v the_o relator_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n to_o procure_v or_o maintain_v a_o ill_a conceit_n in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o people_n or_o a_o ill_a conceit_n in_o the_o people_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v as_o well_o a_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o king_n to_o conceive_v ill_o of_o his_o people_n as_o for_o they_o of_o he_o but_o all_o must_v be_v ground_v upon_o falsehood_n for_o truth_n respect_v no_o man_n parson_n &_o all_o man_n be_v equal_o bind_v by_o that_o woe_n if_o they_o call_v good_a evil_n or_o evil_a good_a although_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o representation_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n of_o maintain_v strife_n be_v a_o law_n make_v also_o against_o conspiracy_n to_o make_v or_o maintain_v indictment_n 1._o 33_o edw._n 1._o suit_n or_o quarrel_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o finable_a 3._o merton_n cap._n 3._o redisseisor_n and_o post_n disseisor_n find_v upon_o verdict_n before_o the_o sheriff_n coroner_n and_o knight_n shall_v be_v imprison_v former_o redisseisin_n be_v under_o no_o other_o law_n then_o that_o of_o disseisin_n but_o by_o this_o law_n make_v a_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o try_v before_o the_o same_o judge_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o inquiry_n of_o all_o offence_n against_o the_o crown_n the_o penalty_n of_o imprisonment_n in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o be_v without_o bail_n 8._o marlbr_n cap._n 8._o but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la replegiando_fw-la and_o yet_o even_o thus_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o restrain_v the_o offence_n and_o therefote_v a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o that_o writ_n 26._o west_n 2._o cap._n 26._o as_o touch_v such_o offender_n and_o they_o become_v irremediable_a as_o touch_v their_o liberty_n by_o that_o writ_n beside_o that_o upon_o recovery_n have_v against_o they_o they_o lose_v double_a damage_n 20._o trespasser_n upon_o park_n west_n 1._o cap._n 20._o trespasser_n in_o park_n and_o fishpond_n convict_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n shall_v render_v damage_n suffer_v imprisonment_n for_o three_o year_n and_o give_v security_n of_o good_a behaviour_n for_o time_n to_o come_v if_o any_o beast_n be_v take_v in_o a_o felonious_a manner_n he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o robber_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n steven_n the_o lord_n and_o great_a man_n endeavour_v to_o advance_v their_o power_n and_o greatness_n so_o high_a above_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o free_a man_n as_o they_o make_v king_n continual_o jealous_a of_o their_o power_n castle_n have_v be_v a_o bone_n of_o long_a contention_n between_o they_o but_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v away_o the_o strife_n be_v about_o prison_n and_o power_n to_o imprison_v offender_n and_o that_o also_o after_o much_o opposition_n they_o lay_v aside_o yet_o the_o violence_n of_o these_o time_n be_v such_o as_o though_o felony_n be_v somewhat_o dread_v trespass_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n be_v little_o regard_v such_o as_o be_v riotous_a hunt_n in_o their_o park_n and_o fish_v in_o their_o water_n the_o lord_n and_o great_a man_n make_v it_o their_o last_o request_n that_o at_o least_o in_o such_o case_n they_o may_v have_v power_n to_o imprison_v such_o as_o they_o find_v so_o trespass_v but_o this_o be_v also_o deny_v they_o 11._o merton_n cap._n 11._o though_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o his_o first_o time_n when_o as_o yet_o the_o government_n be_v not_o worsted_n by_o project_n of_o arbitray_v power_n or_o corrupt_v counsel_n of_o foreigner_n nor_o himself_o a_o man_n able_a to_o sway_v with_o the_o lord_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v of_o doubtful_a prerogative_n and_o to_o speak_v indifferent_o its_o better_a for_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n that_o the_o power_n of_o imprisonment_n shall_v be_v regulate_v only_o by_o the_o king_n write_v order_v by_o law_n then_o by_o the_o warrant_n of_o great_a man_n especial_o in_o their_o own_o case_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o matter_n the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v a_o patron_n to_o the_o freeman_n liberty_n nevertheless_o these_o great_a man_n give_v not_o thus_o over_o their_o game_n for_o though_o in_o time_n of_o public_a calamity_n little_a place_n be_v leave_v for_o pleasure_n to_o any_o man_n yet_o when_o time_n be_v grow_v to_o more_o quiet_a pleasure_n revive_v and_o the_o great_a man_n renew_v their_o motion_n and_o though_o they_o can_v not_o obtain_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o they_o endeavour_v at_o the_o meeting_n at_o merton_n yet_o now_o they_o obtain_v the_o king_n prison_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o law_n that_o be_v as_o good_a as_o their_o own_o and_o thereby_o satisfy_v their_o own_o displeasure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o pleasure_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n suffice_v they_o not_o but_o they_o obtain_v a_o further_a privilege_n 1._o an._n 21._o edw._n 1._o that_o such_o person_n as_o be_v find_v so_o trespass_v and_o refuse_v to_o submit_v may_v be_v kill_v without_o peril_n of_o felony_n chap._n lxx_o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o king_n reign_v the_o soldiery_n of_o england_n may_v be_v consider_v first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n second_o their_o arm_n three_o their_o service_n the_o person_n be_v as_o former_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v milites_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o such_o as_o serve_v at_o the_o plough_n and_o concern_v they_o both_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o the_o law_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o second_o hold_v forth_o all_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o be_v knight_n and_o be_v not_o shall_v be_v distrain_v to_o undertake_v the_o weapon_n of_o knighthood_n 2._o stat._n de_fw-fr milit._n 1_o e._n 2._o if_o they_o show_v not_o cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n regular_o all_o tenant_n by_o knightservice_n ought_v to_o be_v knight_n but_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la be_v not_o so_o as_o in_o these_o time_n there_o be_v a_o
further_a work_n to_o make_v a_o man_n a_o knight_n then_o his_o bare_a tenure_n for_o such_o only_o be_v milites_fw-la facti_fw-la who_o have_v both_o land_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o arm_n and_o state_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o also_o a_o body_n fit_a to_o undertake_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o whereof_o he_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n in_o the_o field_n other_o that_o have_v land_n either_o have_v not_o sufficient_a maintenance_n or_o not_o habiliment_n of_o person_n and_o as_o not_o expect_v be_v lay_v aside_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v many_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o which_o they_o have_v much_o impair_v both_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n this_o render_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o militia_n so_o much_o decay_v and_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n so_o wear_v that_o they_o begin_v to_o love_v ease_n before_o the_o time_n will_v brook_v it_o and_o a_o cessation_n from_o arm_n before_o they_o have_v any_o mind_n to_o peace_n the_o parliament_n espy_v the_o danger_n &_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o people_n to_o be_v well_o arm_v in_o these_o time_n of_o general_a broil_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n allow_v this_o law_n to_o pass_v that_o all_o such_o as_o have_v land_n worth_a 20_o li._n yearly_a beside_o reprisal_n shall_v be_v ready_a not_o to_o be_v knight_n nor_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o other_o be_v there_o any_o ancient_a precedent_n to_o warrant_v it_o but_o to_o find_v or_o to_o enter_v the_o field_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n or_o provide_v some_o able_a person_n to_o serve_v in_o their_o stead_n unless_o they_o be_v under_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o not_o grow_v up_o to_o full_a strength_n of_o body_n nor_o their_o land_n in_o their_o own_o possession_n but_o in_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o guardian_n nevertheless_o of_o such_o as_o be_v grow_v to_o full_a age_n yet_o be_v maim_v impotent_a or_o of_o mean_a estate_n and_o tenant_n by_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n it_o be_v have_v into_o a_o way_n of_o moderation_n and_o order_v that_o such_o shall_v pay_v a_o reasonable_a fine_a for_o respite_n of_o such_o service_n nor_o further_o as_o concern_v their_o person_n be_v they_o bind_v but_o as_o tothe_v such_o that_o be_v under_o present_a only_o and_o not_o perpetual_a disability_n of_o body_n upon_o they_o incumbent_n as_o often_o as_o occasion_n call_v they_o serve_v by_o their_o deputy_n or_o servant_n all_o which_o be_v ground_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o but_o also_o upon_o common_a right_n of_o tenure_n the_o arm_n that_o these_o man_n be_v to_o find_v be_v say_v to_o be_v those_o belong_v to_o a_o knight_n which_o be_v partly_o for_o defence_n and_o partly_o for_o offence_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o shield_n the_o helmet_n the_o hauberk_n or_o breastplate_n or_o coat_n of_o mail_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o sword_n and_o lance_n and_o unto_o all_o a_o horse_n must_v be_v provide_v these_o arm_n especial_o the_o defensive_a have_v be_v former_o under_o alteration_n for_o the_o breastplate_n can_v not_o be_v wear_v with_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v use_v as_o occasion_n be_v provide_v of_o either_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n be_v call_v by_o several_a name_n sometime_o from_o the_o horse_n sometime_o from_o the_o lance_n sometime_o from_o the_o helmet_n and_o not_o seldom_o from_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n the_o power_n of_o immediate_a command_n or_o call_v forth_o the_o knight_n to_o their_o service_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o power_n that_o order_a war_n to_o be_v levy_v and_o therefore_o as_o in_o the_o first-saxon_a government_n under_o their_o prince_n in_o germany_n so_o after_o under_o their_o king_n tacitur_fw-la tacitur_fw-la war_n be_v never_o resolve_v upon_o but_o if_o it_o be_v defensive_a it_o be_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o lord_n if_o offensive_a by_o the_o general_a vote_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o order_n either_o from_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n or_o grand_a council_n the_o knight_n be_v call_v forth_o to_o war_n and_o other_o as_o the_o case_n require_v summon_v to_o a_o rendezvouz_n and_o this_o instumentall_a power_n regular_o rest_v in_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o such_o service_n be_v due_a and_o the_o lord_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o lord_n paramont_n as_o chief_a of_o the_o fee_n of_o which_o their_o tenant_n be_v hold_v and_o not_o as_o king_n or_o chief_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n for_o they_o be_v not_o raise_v by_o proclamation_n but_o by_o summons_n issue_v forth_o to_o the_o sheriff_n with_o distress_n and_o this_o only_a against_o such_o as_o be_v within_o his_o own_o fee_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n the_o king_n therefore_o may_v have_v many_o knight_n at_o his_o command_n but_o the_o lord_n more_o and_o if_o those_o lord_n fail_v in_o their_o due_a correspondency_n with_o the_o king_n all_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a orb_n be_v carry_v away_o after_o they_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o shift_v for_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v and_o this_o may_v be_v occasion_v not_o only_o from_o their_o tenor_n by_o which_o they_o stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o inferior_a lord_n but_o probable_o much_o more_o by_o their_o popularity_n which_o be_v more_o prevalent_a by_o how_o much_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o commons_o at_o a_o further_a distance_n in_o those_o day_n then_o in_o after_o time_n when_o the_o commons_o interpose_v intentive_o in_o the_o public_a government_n and_o thus_o the_o horseman_n of_o england_n become_v less_o constant_a in_o adhere_v to_o their_o sovereign_n in_o the_o field_n occasion_v king_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o foot_n and_o to_o form_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o battle_n whole_o in_o they_o and_o themselves_o on_o foot_n to_o engage_v with_o they_o one_o point_n of_o liberty_n these_o soldier_n by_o tenure_n have_v which_o make_v their_o service_n not_o altogether_o servile_a and_o that_o be_v that_o their_o service_n in_o the_o field_n be_v neither_o indefinite_a nor_o infinite_a but_o circumscribe_v by_o place_n time_n and_o end_n the_o time_n of_o their_o service_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o be_v for_o a_o set_a time_n if_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o although_o some_o have_v a_o short_a time_n yet_o the_o general_a sort_n be_v restrain_v to_o forty_o day_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o those_o time_n consist_v not_o in_o weary_v and_o waste_v the_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n by_o delay_n and_o long_o work_v in_o wheel_v about_o and_o retire_v but_o in_o play_v their_o prize_n like_o two_o combatant_n of_o resolution_n to_o get_v victory_n by_o valour_n or_o to_o die_v if_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o war_n continue_v long_o than_o the_o tenant_n serve_v upon_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o common_a purse_n the_o end_n of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o tenant_n viz._n their_o lord_n defence_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n stint_v their_o work_n within_o certain_a bound_n of_o place_n beyond_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v unless_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o these_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o in_o those_o day_n extend_v into_o scotland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o into_o a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n on_o the_o south_n and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n martial_n of_o england_n be_v by_o edw._n 1._o command_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o attend_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o standart_n under_o his_o lieutenant_n that_o then_o be_v to_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n refuse_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n threat_n to_o hang_v he_o yet_o he_o persist_v say_v he_o will_v neither_o go_v nor_o hang._n not_o only_o because_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o lord_n person_n and_o not_o of_o their_o lieutenant_n but_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v into_o foreign_a country_n nor_o do_v the_o earl_n marshal_v only_o this_o 71._o walse_v foe_fw-mi 69._o &_o 71._o but_o many_o other_o also_o both_o knight_n and_o knight_n fellow_n have_v twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o all_o these_o with_o their_o arm_n be_v summon_v to_o serve_v under_o the_o king_n pay_v in_o flanders_n i_o say_v multitude_n of_o they_o refuse_v to_o serve_v and_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o
king_n and_o complain_v of_o that_o summons_n as_o of_o a_o common_a grievance_n be_v cause_n that_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o ancestor_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o that_o country_n and_o they_o obtain_v the_o king_n discharge_v under_o his_o broad_a seal_n according_o the_o like_a whereunto_o may_v be_v warrant_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n 1._o stat._n mortm_n 7_o edw._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o time_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o in_o case_n land_n be_v alien_v contrary_a to_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o immediate_a lord_n do_v not_o seize_v the_o same_o the_o king_n shall_v seize_v they_o and_o dispose_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kinodome_n viz._n upon_o such_o service_n reserve_v as_o shall_v suit_n therewith_o as_o if_o all_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n must_v conduce_v thereto_o and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o further_o bind_v to_o any_o service_n of_o his_o lord_n then_o will_v consist_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n that_o the_o sad_a experience_n of_o the_o late_a government_n of_o king_n in_o these_o time_n have_v teach_v the_o knighthood_n of_o england_n to_o hold_v for_o the_o future_a age_n militibus_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la no_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n or_o in_o burgage_n shall_v be_v distraim_v for_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n clerk_n and_o tenant_n in_o socage_n of_o other_o manor_n then_o of_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n be_v absolute_o acquit_v from_o foreign_a service_n the_o one_o because_o they_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n husbandman_n and_o serve_v he_o and_o his_o family_n with_o victual_n the_o other_o because_o by_o their_o tenure_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o burrow_n which_o in_o account_n be_v a_o limb_n or_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o castle_n guard_n now_o as_o touch_v clerk_n and_o tenant_n in_o socage_n hold_v of_o a_o subject_n they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o order_n of_o ancient_a use_n appear_v upon_o record_n as_o concern_v the_o clergy_n its_o evident_a by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o note_v that_o though_o they_o be_v importunate_a to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o service_n military_a in_o regard_n that_o their_o profession_n be_v for_o peace_n and_o not_o for_o blood_n yet_o can_v never_o obtain_v their_o desire_n for_o though_o their_o person_n may_v challenge_v exemption_n from_o that_o work_n yet_o their_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o find_v arm_n by_o their_o deputy_n for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v unreasonable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o clergy_n then_o have_v shall_v sit_v still_o and_o look_v on_o while_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n every_o one_o be_v engage_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n nor_o yet_o do_v the_o profession_n of_o these_o man_n to_o be_v man_n for_o peace_n hold_v always_o uniform_a some_o kind_n of_o war_n than_o be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o wherein_o they_o not_o only_o adventure_v their_o estate_n but_o even_o their_o own_o person_n and_o these_o not_o only_o in_o defensive_a way_n but_o by_o way_n of_o invasion_n and_o many_o time_n where_o no_o need_n be_v for_o they_o to_o appear_v tenant_n in_o socage_n also_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o service_n may_v plead_v exemption_n from_o the_o war_n for_o if_o not_o the_o plough_n must_v stand_v still_o and_o the_o land_n thereby_o become_v poor_a and_o lean_a nevertheless_o a_o general_a service_n of_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v impose_v upon_o all_o and_o husbandman_n must_v be_v soldier_n when_o the_o debate_n be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n in_o such_o case_n therefore_o they_o be_v evocati_fw-la ad_fw-la arma_fw-la to_o maintain_v and_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o compelable_a to_o foreign_a service_n as_o the_o knight_n be_v who_o service_n consist_v much_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o lord_n person_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o many_o time_n policy_n of_o war_n draw_v the_o lord_n into_o arm_n abroad_o to_o keep_v the_o enemy_n further_o from_o their_o border_n and_o the_o knight_n then_o under_o their_o lord_n pay_v go_v along_o with_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o service_n of_o knighthood_n be_v common_o call_v servitium_fw-la forinsecum_fw-la of_o these_o socager_n do_v arise_v not_o only_o the_o body_n of_o english_a footman_n in_o their_o army_n 406._o council_n brit._n 406._o but_o the_o better_a and_o more_o wealthy_a sort_n of_o they_o find_v arm_n of_o a_o knight_n as_o former_o have_v be_v observe_v yet_o always_o under_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o common_a purse_n and_o if_o call_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v mere_a volunteer_n for_o they_o be_v not_o call_v out_o by_o distress_n as_o knight_n be_v because_o they_o hold_v not_o their_o land_n by_o such_o service_n but_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o proclamation_n and_o probable_o be_v muster_v by_o the_o high_a constable_n in_o each_o hundred_o the_o law_n nevertheless_o remain_v still_o entire_a that_o all_o must_v be_v do_v not_o only_o add_v fidem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o also_o regni_n which_o be_v dispute_v and_o conclude_v by_o the_o sword_n for_o though_o king_n pretend_a danger_n to_o the_o public_a often_o time_n to_o raise_v the_o people_n yet_o the_o people_n will_v give_v credit_n as_o they_o please_v or_o if_o the_o king_n title_n be_v in_o question_n or_o the_o people_n liberty_n yet_o every_o man_n take_v liberty_n to_o side_n with_o that_o party_n that_o like_v he_o best_o nor_o do_v the_o king_n proclamation_n sway_v much_o this_o or_o that_o way_n it_o be_v true_a that_o precedent_n of_o those_o time_n cry_v up_o the_o king_n power_n of_o array_v all_o ship_n and_o man_n without_o respect_n unless_o of_o age_n or_o corporal_a disability_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o no_o such_o array_n be_v but_o in_o time_n of_o no_o less_o know_v danger_n from_o abroad_o to_o the_o kingdom_n then_o imminent_a and_o therefore_o may_v be_v wrought_v more_o from_o the_o general_a fear_n of_o the_o enemy_n then_o from_o the_o king_n command_n and_o yet_o those_o time_n be_v always_o arm_v in_o neighbour_a nation_n and_o king_n may_v have_v pretend_v continual_a cause_n of_o array_v second_o it_o will_v no_o less_o clear_o appear_v that_o king_n use_v no_o such_o course_n but_o in_o case_n of_o general_a danger_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n either_o from_o foreign_a invasion_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n or_o from_o intestine_a broil_n 81._o 21_o e._n 1._o rot_n 81._o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o two_o edward_n successive_o and_o if_o the_o danger_n threaten_v only_o one_o coast_n the_o array_n be_v limit_v only_o to_o the_o part_n adjacent_a thereunto_o three_o it_o seem_v that_o general_n array_v be_v not_o levy_v by_o distress_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 5._o 23_o e._n 1._o memb._n 5._o and_o then_o only_o for_o the_o rendezvouz_n at_o the_o next_o sea_n coast_n and_o for_o defence_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n in_o which_o case_n all_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v concern_v by_o general_a service_n otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v unto_o no_o other_o account_n then_o that_o title_n prerogative_n and_o therein_o be_v character_v as_o a_o trick_n above_o the_o ordinary_a strain_n four_o those_o time_n bring_v forth_o no_o general_a array_n of_o all_o person_n between_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n and_o sixty_o that_o be_v make_v by_o distress_n in_o any_o case_n of_o civil_a war_n but_o only_o by_o sheriff_n summons_n and_o in_o case_n of_o disobedience_n by_o summons_n to_o appear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n which_o show_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n they_o be_v not_o compelable_a or_o punishable_a last_o though_o these_o array_v of_o man_n be_v sometime_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o subject_n own_o charge_n yet_o that_o last_o be_v out_o of_o the_o ride_v way_n of_o the_o subject_n liberty_n as_o the_o subsequent_a time_n do_v full_o manifest_v and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o array_v of_o ship_n which_o however_o under_o command_n of_o king_n for_o public_a service_n be_v nevertheless_o rig_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o public_a charge_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o will_v be_v that_o in_o case_n of_o defence_n from_o foreign_a invasion_n king_n have_v power_n of_o array_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o law_n if_o they_o exceed_v that_o rule_n it_o may_v be_v more_o right_o say_v they_o do_v what_o they_o will_v than_o what_o they_o ought_v
chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o peace_n war_n and_o peace_n be_v two_o birth_n by_o several_a venture_n and_o may_v like_v the_o day_n and_o night_n succeed_v but_o can_v never_o inherit_v each_o to_o other_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o may_v claim_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o father_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n shall_v act_v in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o good_a maxim_n that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o order_n of_o peace_n for_o it_o natural_o befall_v that_o war_n especial_o that_o which_o we_o call_v civil_a war_n like_o some_o disease_n in_o the_o body_n do_v rather_o breed_v ill_a humour_n than_o consume_v they_o and_o these_o must_v be_v purge_v by_o diet_v the_o state_n and_o constant_a course_n of_o justice_n unto_o which_o the_o rugged_a wave_n of_o war_n have_v little_a or_o no_o affinity_n if_o not_o enmity_n nevertheless_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n think_v it_o most_o meet_a to_o keep_v their_o king_n in_o work_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o therefore_o as_o they_o ancient_o refer_v the_o principal_a care_n thereof_o to_o the_o lord_n who_o together_o with_o certain_a select_a person_n in_o every_o county_n do_v administer_v justice_n in_o several_a iter_n or_o circuit_n so_o when_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o name_n of_o be_v chief_a in_o civil_a affair_n as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o martial_a they_o soon_o leave_v the_o lord_n behind_o they_o who_o also_o be_v willing_a enough_o with_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o do_v all_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v do_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o directory_n of_o minister_n or_o commissioner_n thereto_o depute_v and_o thus_o that_o peace_n which_o former_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o pax_fw-la domini_fw-la pax_fw-la vice_fw-la comitis_fw-la it_o be_v pax_fw-la regni_fw-la become_v by_o eminency_n swallow_v up_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o the_o justice_n call_v the_o king_n justice_n and_o himself_o flatter_v into_o that_o title_n of_o fountain_n of_o justice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o most_o high_a or_o chief_a lawgiver_n the_o manner_n how_o this_o honourable_a care_n of_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v employ_v may_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o double_a consideration_n the_o one_o in_o execution_n of_o justice_n upon_o delinquent_n the_o other_o in_o prevent_v occasion_n of_o offence_n or_o delinquency_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o public_a peace_n may_v be_v endanger_v the_o first_o be_v act_v diverse_o according_a to_o the_o present_a sense_n of_o affair_n for_o what_o be_v at_o first_o do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o circuit_n tacitus_n tacitus_n with_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o commons_o call_v comites_fw-la and_o that_o do_v per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicesque_fw-la be_v afterward_o do_v by_o itinerant_a judge_n send_v from_o the_o king_n for_o the_o great_a matter_n and_o by_o lord_n in_o their_o leet_n governor_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o town_n in_o their_o court_n and_o sheriff_n in_o their_o tornes_n as_o judices_fw-la stati_fw-la for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n in_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n i_o say_v i_o conceive_v it_o be_v in_o the_o tear_v for_o i_o suppose_v no_o emergent_a court_n take_v up_o upon_o occasion_n can_v by_o the_o law_n draw_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o sudden_a appearance_n of_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o same_o 25._o 52_o hen._n 3._o marlb_n cap._n 25._o and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o seem_v that_o one_o certain_a tear_v every_o year_n be_v hold_v for_o inquiry_n of_o homicide_n unto_o which_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n be_v to_o come_v except_o baron_n clergy_n and_o woman_n or_o otherwise_o all_o such_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o attendance_n on_o every_o tear_v nevertheless_o the_o work_n of_o the_o tornes_n continue_v not_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v as_o ancient_o they_o have_v do_v for_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o former_o divers_a man_n have_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n some_o as_o palatine_n 9_o mitor_n cap._n 2._o sec._n 9_o other_o as_o lord_n of_o franchise_n and_o other_o by_o power_n and_o usurpation_n and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o fine_n incident_a and_o by_o this_o mean_v many_o be_v fine_v that_o deserve_v it_o not_o 19_o mag._n cart_n cap._n 19_o and_o some_o also_o that_o deserve_v worse_o to_o prevent_v which_o evil_a henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o that_o power_n of_o hold_v crown-plea_n 3._o glocest_n cap._n 8._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o take_v away_o their_o power_n to_o determine_v escape_n and_o leave_v they_o only_o the_o power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o to_o certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n but_o these_o injurious_a time_n have_v hold_v too_o long_o to_o be_v forget_v or_o lay_v aside_o by_o such_o cool_a pursuit_n man_n be_v still_o ordinary_o imprison_v and_o so_o continue_v oftentimes_o till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a for_o whereas_o in_o case_n of_o bloodshed_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o gratia_fw-la be_v a_o remedy_n the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o procure_v a_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o ordinary_o be_v a_o cure_n worse_o than_o the_o hurt_n 1._o stat._n wint._n 13_o edw._n 1._o as_o a_o remedy_n hereof_o edward_n the_o first_o find_v out_o the_o new_a way_n of_o make_v justice_n of_o peace_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n which_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v for_o the_o conserve_n of_o the_o peace_n provide_v for_o penalty_n of_o crime_n already_o commit_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o future_a ordain_v that_o offence_n against_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o justice_n assign_v to_o inquire_v thereof_o and_o though_o these_o at_o the_o first_o may_v be_v itinerant_a yet_o it_o soon_o make_v way_n to_o resiant_a and_o before_o that_o statute_n it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n 176_o coke_n inst_z 4._o p._n 176_o if_o that_o note_n be_v true_a which_o be_v leave_v revive_v into_o memory_n by_o that_o honourable_a reporter_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o six_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o say_v that_o then_o prima_fw-la fuit_fw-la institutio_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_fw-la conservanda_fw-la and_o yet_o some_o semblance_n there_o be_v that_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o ancient_a even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o clause_n in_o his_o law_n concern_v vagabond_n he_o order_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v justiciae_fw-la quae_fw-la praeest_fw-la 58._o hen._n 1._o cap._n 58._o although_o the_o language_n be_v not_o so_o clerkly_a as_o to_o speak_v the_o sense_n out_o now_o though_o their_o work_n as_o yet_o be_v but_o in_o trial_n and_o they_o be_v only_o trust_v with_o power_n of_o inquiry_n yet_o it_o induce_v a_o new_a way_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o entrust_v to_o intermeddle_v and_o which_o not_o only_o intermit_v the_o course_n of_o his_o proceed_n in_o such_o matter_n but_o also_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o dispoil_n of_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v and_o lord_n leet_n of_o that_o little_a remainder_n that_o be_v leave_v they_o of_o judicatory_a power_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o make_v their_o inquisitory_a power_n less_o regardful_a and_o ease_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a of_o much_o of_o their_o work_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v speedy_o to_o certify_v up_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o these_o matter_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o parliament_n according_a as_o those_o justice_n be_v elect_v in_o parliament_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v jealous_a of_o give_v the_o power_n of_o determine_v those_o offence_n into_o any_o sudden_a hand_n to_o sum_n up_o then_o the_o first_o part_n as_o touch_v the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n against_o the_o peace_n the_o wheel_n be_v now_o in_o the_o turn_n the_o leet_n and_o tornes_n begin_v to_o be_v slight_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a lessen_v the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n difuse_v by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o a_o new_a order_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o peace_n especial_o appoint_v and_o the_o parliament_n as_o the_o supreme_a providor_n leave_v as_o the_o reserve_n for_o the_o assert_v and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o under_o it_o the_o power_n of_o determine_v much_o rest_v upon_o justice_n or_o judge_n that_o attend_v the_o king_n court_n after_o that_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v settle_v and_o confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a
or_o provide_v for_o future_a generation_n nevertheless_o if_o all_o be_v grant_v viz._n that_o this_o statute_n be_v but_o a_o present_a order_n that_o the_o arm_n therein_o be_v too_o slight_a to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v only_o to_o enable_v the_o kingdom_n against_o thief_n and_o robber_n yet_o can_v not_o edward_n the_o first_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o power_n to_o assess_v arm_n at_o pleasure_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o precedent_n in_o story_n that_o countenance_v it_o seeing_z henry_n the_o third_z and_z henry_n the_o second_o in_o their_o course_n use_v the_o rule_n secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v and_o the_o rule_n forego_v tend_v only_o to_o freeman_n and_o their_o land_n nor_o do_v king_n john_n disclaim_v the_o same_o but_o pursue_v it_o and_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o precedent_n of_o prerogative_n in_o story_n which_o king_n john_n have_v not_o that_o king_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o king_n of_o wonderment_n i_o say_v king_n john_n pursue_v it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o distemper_n threaten_v by_o the_o pope_n provoke_v by_o the_o french_a king_n now_o ready_a in_o the_o field_n vex_v by_o his_o people_n and_o himself_o scarce_o himself_o summon_v to_o defend_v himself_o themselves_o 1213._o m_o paris_n an._n 1213._o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n all_o man_n that_o ought_v to_o have_v arm_n or_o may_v have_v arm_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o amre_n and_o yet_o arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la let_v they_o also_o come_v ad_fw-la capiendum_fw-la solidatas_fw-la nostras_fw-la and_o according_o there_o come_v a_o vast_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o arm_a man_n but_o of_o the_o unarmed_a multitude_n who_o afterward_o be_v send_v to_o their_o own_o home_n when_o victual_n fail_v hitherto_o therefore_o king_n john_n not_o above_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n hold_v himself_o to_o the_o assessment_n to_o arm_n only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v land_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o exigency_n other_o unarmed_a be_v summon_v to_o take_v arm_n from_o the_o king_n with_o their_o pay_n or_o otherwise_o they_o must_v fight_v without_o weapon_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o last_o general_a point_n which_o concern_v the_o executive_a power_n of_o matter_n concern_v the_o peace_n within_o this_o law_n touch_v which_o the_o statute_n enforce_v this_o that_o constable_n in_o every_o hundred_o and_o franchise_n shall_v have_v the_o view_n of_o arm_n and_o shall_v present_v default_n against_o the_o statute_n of_o justice_n assign_v who_o shall_v certify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n in_o every_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v remedy_n whereby_o it_o seem_v manifest_a that_o hitherto_o no_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v make_v against_o any_o for_o default_n of_o arm_n but_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n and_o 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may_v see_v the_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o king_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o law_n be_v little_a other_o than_o plaster_n apply_v to_o particular_a botch_n of_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o king_n deal_v with_o a_o tender_a hand_n as_o if_o he_o fear_v to_o ulcerate_v any_o part_n and_o especial_o the_o clergy_n and_o therefore_o deliver_v the_o last_o law_n in_o a_o petitionary_a way_n to_o the_o clergy_n because_o it_o concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n in_o prohibit_v time_n and_o yet_o bind_v up_o all_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la to_o himself_o and_o his_o prerogative_n like_o a_o wise_a king_n that_o will_v neither_o loose_v right_a nor_o do_v wrong_a nor_o yet_o stickle_a to_o debate_v with_o his_o subject_n now_o when_o as_o his_o eye_n be_v upon_o a_o further_a mark_n 46._o walse_v 46._o for_o leolin_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v affront_v he_o and_o though_o he_o can_v not_o endure_v affront_n yet_o can_v he_o dissemble_v they_o for_o advantage_n and_o so_o he_o suffer_v the_o parliament_n to_o run_v its_o course_n that_o he_o may_v have_v do_v the_o soon_o otherwise_o he_o have_v a_o seed_n of_o his_o father_n conceit_n that_o law_n be_v not_o make_v for_o king_n as_o appear_v afterward_o for_o after_o he_o have_v get_v his_o army_n into_o the_o field_n he_o take_v a_o fifteen_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o father_n and_o this_o be_v inaudito_fw-la more_o 1276._o m._n west_n a_o 1276._o but_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_v with_o power_n and_o therefore_o the_o subject_n must_v be_v content_v rather_o to_o score_v it_o up_o against_o the_o future_a then_o require_v present_a pay_n so_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o england_n that_o king_n shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o gather_v army_n though_o for_o never_o so_o honourable_a employment_n the_o welsh_a chase_n be_v hot_o pursue_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o rid_v much_o way_n for_o it_o cost_v the_o english_a a_o voyage_n of_o nine_o year_n travel_n before_o they_o can_v attain_v the_o shore_n although_o it_o have_v be_v often_o within_o their_o view_n it_o may_v be_v the_o king_n find_v it_o advantageous_a for_o his_o government_n to_o maintain_v a_o army_n in_o the_o field_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o welsh_a war_n that_o he_o may_v more_o bow_v his_o subject_n to_o his_o own_o bent_n for_o during_o these_o war_n the_o king_n make_v many_o breathe_n and_o take_v time_n to_o look_v to_o the_o husband_n of_o his_o own_o revenue_n as_o those_o ordinance_n call_v extenta_fw-la manerii_fw-la and_o officium_fw-la coronatoris_fw-la do_v witness_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o bigami_fw-la but_o the_o people_n be_v not_o altogether_o yet_o tame_v for_o the_o time_n be_v still_o in_o war_n and_o they_o occasion_v much_o waste_n of_o treasure_n put_v the_o king_n to_o the_o utmost_a pitch_n of_o good_a husbandry_n and_o one_o degree_n beyond_o the_o same_o so_o as_o under_o colour_n of_o 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he_o further_o than_o needs_o must_v for_o whether_o they_o serve_v in_o the_o field_n or_o meet_v at_o council_n still_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o during_o this_o dare_a of_o each_o other_o be_v many_o profitable_a law_n make_v while_o neither_o party_n dare_v venture_v bloodshed_n in_o touch_v too_o nigh_o upon_o the_o privilege_n of_o each_o other_o principal_o because_o the_o affair_n in_o wales_n be_v but_o lay_v asleep_a and_o upon_o revive_v may_v turn_v the_o balance_n to_o either_o side_n the_o war_n awake_v again_o and_o therein_o be_v consume_v nigh_o five_o year_n more_o of_o the_o king_n reign_n so_o as_o what_o ever_o his_o intent_n be_v he_o can_v have_v hitherto_o little_a opportunity_n to_o effect_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n at_o home_n nor_o have_v he_o scarce_o breathe_v himself_o and_o army_n from_o the_o welsh_a war_n but_o he_o find_v both_o france_n and_o scotland_n his_o enemy_n at_o once_o the_o king_n 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of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o second_v the_o same_o with_o many_o succeed_a confirmation_n in_o the_o 27_o 1._o 25_o edw._n 1._o 28_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o if_o he_o have_v utter_o renounce_v all_o thought_n of_o a_o contrary_a way_n but_o the_o stat._n in_o his_o 28_o year_n have_v a_o sting_n in_o the_o tail_n that_o be_v as_o ill_o as_o his_o save_n of_o ancient_a aid_n and_o prisal_n which_o be_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n though_o it_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o stat._n for_o the_o save_n be_v of_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o time_n and_o occasion_n will_v move_v the_o king_n heart_n to_o make_v it_o and_o thus_o this_o statute_n become_v like_o a_o hocus_n pocus_fw-la a_o thing_n to_o still_o the_o people_n for_o the_o present_a and_o serve_v the_o king_n turn_n that_o he_o may_v more_o free_o intend_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o scot_n which_o once_o do_v he_o may_v if_o he_o will_v try_v mastery_n with_o england_n but_o god_n will_v not_o have_v it_o so_o the_o king_n in_o scotland_n have_v power_n to_o take_v but_o can_v not_o overtake_v and_o the_o scot_n like_o bird_n of_o the_o prey_n have_v wit_n enough_o to_o fly_v away_o and_o courage_n enough_o to_o return_v upon_o advantage_n and_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o hunt_v the_o wind_n which_o make_v he_o to_o return_v he_o may_v now_o expect_v the_o applause_n of_o his_o people_n for_o his_o good_a success_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o those_o that_o have_v stop_v the_o broad_a way_n of_o his_o extravigant_a prerogative_n and_o therefore_o look_v big_a rub_v up_o old_a sore_n and_o have_v his_o army_n yet_o in_o the_o field_n send_v for_o those_o lord_n that_o will_v not_o follow_v he_o in_o his_o war_n in_o flanders_n all_o come_v and_o submit_v and_o as_o
charter_n and_o other_o statute_n during_o the_o reign_v of_o these_o king_n shatter_v asunder_o by_o broil_n of_o civil_a war_n the_o free_a man_n have_v lay_v aside_o that_o regard_n of_o the_o ancient_a mutual_a covenant_n and_o bond_n of_o decenner_n be_v now_o become_v weak_a and_o almost_o enthral_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o king_n lord_n pope_n and_o english_a clergy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o tax_n and_o tribute_n be_v many_o and_o new_a although_o most_o of_o they_o deserve_v not_o to_o march_v under_o any_o banner_n but_o the_o colour_n of_o oppression_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n save_o they_o from_o the_o worst_a tenure_n of_o all_o but_o the_o several_a interest_n of_o those_o superior_a power_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v justle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o thereby_o give_v the_o commons_o liberty_n to_o take_v breath_n so_o as_o though_o for_o the_o present_a they_o lose_v ground_n and_o hunt_v upon_o a_o cool_a send_v yet_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o prey_n within_o their_o view_n sometime_o they_o be_v cast_v far_o behind_o other_o time_n they_o recover_v themselves_o a_o truce_n be_v cry_v and_o law_n be_v make_v to_o moderate_v all_o and_o determine_v the_o bound_n of_o every_o one_o and_o thus_o come_v the_o grand_a charter_n into_o the_o public_a theatre_n the_o historian_n say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n frame_v and_o yet_o by_o compare_v they_o together_o we_o find_v they_o disagree_v both_o in_o word_n and_o sense_n and_o therefore_o shall_v sum_v the_o same_o up_o as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o charter_n as_o i_o pass_v along_o the_o first_o chapter_n concern_v the_o church_n of_o which_o sufficient_a have_v be_v speak_v carta_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la the_o free_a man_n shall_v enjoy_v these_o liberty_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o 2._o cap._n 2._o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n shall_v pay_v the_o ancient_a relief_n 3._o cap._n 3._o that_o relief_n be_v settle_v by_o the_o saxon_n have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o only_o in_o those_o time_n they_o be_v pay_v in_o horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o after_o time_n all_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n which_o be_v more_o beneficial_a for_o all_o 1_o cap._n 4._o vide_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr wardis_n 28_o e._n 1_o lord_n shall_v have_v their_o ward_n body_n and_o land_n after_o homage_n receive_v until_o the_o full_a age_n though_o the_o ward_n be_v former_o knight_v 4._o glanvil_n lib_n 6._o cap._n 1._o &_o 4._o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n may_v seem_v more_o ancient_o seat_v in_o this_o kingdom_n than_o the_o norman_n time_n for_o if_o the_o statute_n of_o scotland_n bear_v any_o credit_n that_o law_n be_v in_o scotland_n before_o those_o time_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o have_v the_o wardship_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tenure_n because_o it_o be_v they_o as_o a_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n concern_v distress_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o distrain_v till_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o service_n 7._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 6_o &_o 7._o and_o if_o by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n the_o heir_n do_v hold_v the_o lord_n out_o of_o possession_n a_o writ_n of_o ward_n do_v lie_v against_o he_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o lord_n may_v seize_v the_o land_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr guard_n 3._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 16._o &_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 3._o and_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v hold_v the_o wardship_n long_o than_o the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o heir_n a_o assize_n do_v lie_v against_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o heir_n can_v not_o enter_v without_o livery_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancestor_n death_n the_o lord_n can_v not_o enter_v the_o land_n and_o yet_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o relief_n and_o the_o primer_n seisin_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n enter_v the_o land_n before_o homage_n do_v he_o gain_v no_o free_a hold_n 13._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 13._o though_o he_o be_v knight_v before_o as_o this_o law_n provide_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a war_n bring_v forth_o a_o trick_n of_o knight_v betimes_o as_o a_o honourable_a encouragement_n for_o young_a spark_n to_o enter_v the_o field_n before_o they_o be_v complete_a man_n of_o discretion_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n and_o yet_o reason_n may_v induce_v a_o conceit_n that_o he_o that_o be_v think_v meet_a to_o do_v knight_n service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n may_v expect_v the_o maintenance_n fit_a for_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o person_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o service_n grantee_n or_o their_o assign_n or_o committee_n of_o wardship_n shall_v preserve_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n from_o waste_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o the_o tenant_n from_o extortion_n they_o shall_v yield_v up_o the_o same_o stock_v if_o they_o receive_v they_o stock_v 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o law_n of_o common_a reason_n for_o its_o contrary_a to_o guardianship_n to_o destroy_v that_o which_o by_o their_o office_n they_o ought_v to_o preserve_v as_o touch_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n the_o grantee_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o also_o their_o assignee_n albeit_o that_o doubtless_o they_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n the_o matter_n declare_v plain_o not_o only_a the_o oppession_n of_o lord_n upon_o their_o ward_n but_o also_o the_o corruption_n even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o at_o the_o first_o aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o honour_n of_o knightservice_n but_o now_o be_v degenerate_v into_o the_o base_a desire_n of_o profit_n by_o make_v market_n of_o the_o ward_n estate_n and_o marriage_n that_o bring_v in_o strip_v and_o waste_v of_o estate_n and_o niggardly_a neglect_n of_o the_o education_n and_o train_n up_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o a_o embase_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o mankind_n and_o spoil_n of_o time_n nor_o do_v these_o time_n ever_o espy_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o save_v the_o estate_n by_o punish_v the_o waster_n in_o damage_n by_o this_o law_n and_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wardship_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 5._o stat._n gloc._n cap._n 5._o and_o this_o as_o well_o for_o waste_v do_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o custody_n as_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n by_o another_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la 20_o e._n 1._o and_o because_o the_o escheator_n and_o their_o under_a officer_n use_v to_o serve_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o minor_n before_o they_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n his_o right_n and_o those_o be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n of_o magna_n carta_n or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o repute_v 18._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v therefore_o afterward_o provide_v that_o these_o also_o shall_v render_v damage_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o waist_n to_o be_v bring_v against_o they_o the_o marriage_n of_o ward_n shall_v be_v without_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n among_o the_o german_n and_o the_o saxon_n bring_v it_o hither_o germ._n tacitus_n mor._n germ._n and_o as_o a_o law_n settle_v it_o that_o marriage_n must_v be_v among_o equal_n but_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n slight_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o continue_v and_o be_v revive_v now_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o ward_n instead_o of_o the_o ancester_n so_o have_v he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o ancester_n may_v have_v have_v if_o he_o have_v live_v for_o in_o case_n the_o ward_n be_v steal_v and_o marry_v the_o delinquent_n suffer_v fine_a and_o imprisonment_n or_o if_o the_o ward_n marry_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_v he_o shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n 6._o s_o at_o merton_n cap._n 6._o and_o hold_v the_o land_n over_o till_o satisfaction_n but_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n marry_v the_o ward_n within_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o its_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o wardship_n thereby_o and_o if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o marriage_n tender_v by_o the_o lord_n before_o her_o age_n of_o 16_o year_n 22._o west_n 1._o c._n 22._o the_o lord_n shall_v hold_v the_o land_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o full_a value_n and_o in_o case_n where_o one_o tenant_n hold_v of_o