little more honour but for the most part with one and the same authority And without doubt those first Justicers of Ireland as the Justicer of England who in that age was also for brevity called Justice were ordained for keeping of the Peace and Ministring of Justice to all and every person as were the Proprietors and Proconsuls in old time among the Romans which were sent into a Province with highest command Before we pass further Let us take a view of the Catalogue here before us comprehending this following Table A Table shewing the Names and Titles of all the Lord Lieutenants Deputies and Lord Justices of Ireland with the time they began their Government since the 16th Year of the Reign of Henry the Seventh unto this present Year 1672. Order Their Names Titles they had before Titles in Ireland Month. Day Year 1 Henry Duke of York L. Lieuten   1501 2 Gerrald Earl of Kildare Deputy   1501 3 Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey Lieuten   1520 4 Piers Butler Earl of Ossory Deputy    5 Gerrald Earl of Kildare Deputy    6  Baron of Delvin Deputy    7 Piers Butler Earl of Ossory Deputy   1529 8 Will. Skevington Knight Deputy   1530 9 Gerrald Earl of Kildare Deputy   1532 10 Will. Skevington Knight Deputy October 4 1534 11 Leonard Lord Gray Deputy January 1 1534 12 William Brereton Knight Deputy   1540 13 Anthon. S. Leager Knight Deputy July 25 1541 14 William Brabazon Knight Justice April 1 1546 15 Anthon. S. Leager Knight Deputy August 4 1546 16 Edw. Bellingham Knight Deputy May  1548 17 Francis Bryen Knight Justice Decemb. 27 1549 18 William Brabazon Knight Justice Februar  1549 19 Anthon. S. Leager Knight Deputy August 4 1550 20 James Crofts Knight Deputy April 29 1551 21 Thomas Cusack Gerrald Ailmer Knights Justices Decemb.  1552 22 Anth. S. Leager Knight Deputy Septemb. 1 1554 23 Thomas Lord Fitz-Water Deputy May 26 1555 24 Hugh Cruwen Henry Sidney Arch. Bish Dub. L. Chan. Knight and Treasurer Justices   1557 25 Henry Sidney Knight Justice February 6 1557 26 Thomas Earl of Sussex Deputy April 27 1558 27 H. Sidney absent Sussex in Scotia Knight Justice Septemb. 24 1558 28 Thomas Earl of Sussex Deputy    29 Henry Sidney Knight Justice Decemb. 13 1558 30 Thomas Earl of Sussex Deputy August 27 1559 31 W. Fitz-Williams Knight Justice February 15 1559 32 Thomas Earl of Sussex Lieutenant June 24 1560 33 W. Fitz-Williams Knight Justice February 2 1560 34 Thomas Earl of Sussex Lieutenant June 1 1561 35 W. Fitz Williams Knight Justice January 22 1561 36 Thomas Earl of Sussex Lieutenant July 24 1562 37 Nicholas Arnold Knight Justice May 25 1564 38 Henry Sidney Knight Deputy June 20 1565 39 Doe Weston W. Fitz-Williams Lord Chancellor Knight Justices Octob. 14 1567 40 Henry Sidney Knight Deputy Octob. 20 1568 41 W. Fitz-Williams Knight Justice March 26 1570 42 W. Fitz-Williams Knight Deputy June 13 1570 43 Henry Sidney Knight Deputy Septemb. 18 1575 44 William Drurie Knight Justice Septemb. 14 1578 45 William Petham Knight Justice October 11 1579 46 Arthur Lord Gray Deputy August 12 1580 47 Adam Loftus Henry Wallop Arch. Bish Dub. L. Chan. Knight and Treasurer Justices   1582 48 John Perrott Knight Deputy June 21 1584 49 W. Fitz-Williams Knight Deputy June 30 1588 50 William Russel Knight Deputy August 11 1594 51 Thomas Lord Burrogh Deputy May 22 1597 52 Thomas Norris Knight Justice October 30 1597 53 Adam Loftus Arch-Bish Dub. L. Chan. Justice Novemb. 27 1597 53 Robert Gardiner Knight Justice Novem. 27 1597 54 Rob. D'Evercux Earl of Essex Lieutenant April 15 1598  Adam Loftus Arch-Bish Dub. L. Chan. Justices   1599 55 George Carie Knight and Treasurer   56 Charles Blunt Lord Mount-joy Lieutenant   1599 57 George Carie Knight and Treasurer Deputy April 29 1603 58 Arthur Chichester Knight Deputy February 3 1604  Thomas Jones Arch Bish Dub. L. Chan. Justices March 14 1613 59 Rich. Wingfeild Knight and Marshal     60 Arthur Chichester Lord Belfast Deputy July  1614 61 Thomas Jones John Denham Arch-Bish Dub. L. Chan. Knight Justices February 11 1615 62 Oliver St. John Knight Deputy August 30 1616 63 Adam Loftus K. Visc Ely L. Chan. Justices May 4 1622  Rich. Wingfeild Visc Poyerscourt 64 Henry Carie Visc Faulkland Deputy Septemb. 8 1622 65 Adam Lâ—ftus Visc Ely L. Chan. Justice October 25 16â—â— 65 Richard Boyle Earl of Cork L. Treas Justice October 25 1629 66 Tho. Wentworth Visc Wentworth Deputy   1633 67 Adam Loftus Char. Wandesford Visc Ely L. Chan. Esq Mr. of the Rolls Justices June 2 1636 68 Tho. Wentworth Visc Wentworth Liutenant   1636 69 Robert Dillon Char. Wandesford Lord Kilkenny West Esq Mr. of the Rolls Justices   1639 70 Tho. Wentworth Earl of Strafford Lieutenant   1640 71 Char. Wandesford Master of the Rolls Deputy April 1 1640 72 William Parsons John Burlace K. Mr. of the Wards K. Mr. of the Ordnance Justices Decemb.  1641 73 John Burlace Henry Fichburne K. Mr. of the Ordnance K. Gover. of Drogheda Justices Decemb.  1642 74 James Butler Earl Marq. of Ormond Lieutenant   1643  Maur. Eustace Lord Chancellor  Decemb 31  75 Roger Earl of Orrery Justices January 17 1660  Charles Earl of Montrath  Decemb. 31  76 James D. Mar. E. of Ormond Lieutenant July 28 1662 77 Thomas Earl of Ossory Deputy May 31 1663 78 James D. Mar. E. of Ormond Lieutenant Septemb.  1665 79 Thomas Earl of Ossory Deputy April 25 1668 80 John Lord Roberts Lieutenant Septemb. 18 1669 81 John Lord Berkley Lieutenant April 21 1670 82 Michael Boyle Arthur Forbs Arch. Bish Dub. L. Chan. Knight Justices   1671 83 John Lord Berkley Lieutenant Septemb.  1671 84 Henry Capell Earl of Essex Lieutenant May 21 1672 Notwithstanding what before is said The great Power and Train of the Vice-Roys or Deputies of Ireland no Vice-Roy in all Europe hath greater Power or comes neerer the Majesty of a King in his Train and State yet it was thought that in the times of trouble this should have been one principal in the appointing of the Lord Deputies Authority that it should be more ample and absolute than it is and that he should have uncontrouled Power to do any thing that he with the advisement of the Councel should think meet to be done for that it was impossible for the Councel here to direct a Governour there who should be forced oftentimes to follow the necessity of present occasions and to take the suddain advantage of time which being once lost could not be recovered whilst The want of more absolute power in the Deputies of of Ireland was formerly prejudicial to the
c. born Subjects to the Crown of England paying ever to the King his Duties reserved Title to Meth. Hugh de Lacy Conquerour of Meth had Issue Walter de Lacy who held the same of King John paying a Fine of four thousand Marks Sterling and hence began all the several Claims there with Alegiance sworn and done by their Ancestors Title to Mounster At the very first arrival of Henry the Second the Princes of Mounster came universally and did homage voluntarily and acknowledged to him and his Heirs Duties and pays for ever John de Courcy Conquerour and Earl of Vlster dyed without Issue Title to Ulster Connaght King John Lord of Ireland gave the Earldome to Hugh de Lacy who who had Issue Walter and Hugh who died without Issue and one Daughter married to Reymond Burke Conquerour and Lord of Connaght Connaght descended to divers Heirs owing service to the Prince but Vlster returned by devolution to the special Inheritance and the Revenues of the Crown of England in this manner The said de Burgo had Issue Richard who had Issue John who had Issue William who was slain without Issue and a Daughter Elizabeth entitled to thirty thousand Marks yearly by the Earldome of Vlster whom Edward the Third gave in marriage to Lionel his second Son Duke of Clarence who had Issue a Daughter Philippe married to Edward Mortimer who had Issue Edmund Anne Elianor Edmund and Elianor died without Issue Anne was married to Richard Earl of Cambridge Son to Edmund of Langley Duke of York fift Son to Edward the Third which said Richard had Issue Richard Plantaginet Father to Edward the Fourth Father to Elizabeth Wife to Henry the Seventh and Mother to Henry the Eighth Father to Mary Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth Several Claims to the Land of Ireland Several claims to the Land of Ireland 1. Mac Gil-murrow King of Ireland with all his Petty Princes Lords and Captains summoned to King Arthurs Court held in Carlion Anno 519. did accordingly their homage and attended all the while his great Feast and Assembly lasted 2. The Monarch of all Ireland and all other both Reges and Reguli for them and for theirs for ever betook themselves to Henry the Second An. Dom. 1172. namely those of the South whiles he lay at Waterford Dermot K. of Corke which is the Nation of the Mac Cartyes at Cashel Donald K. of Limrick which is the Nation of the Obrenes Donald K. of Ossory Mac Shaghlon King of Ophaly at Divelin did the like Okernel King of Vriel Ororick King of Meth Roderick King of all Ireland and of Connaght This did they with consents and shouts of their People and King Henry returned without any Battle given Only Vlster remained which John de Courcy soon after conquered and Oneale Captain of all the Irish there came to Dublin to Richard the Second An. 1399. and freely bound himself by Oath and great Sums of Money to be true to the Crown of England 3. The same time O Brien of Thomond Oconar of Connaght Arthur Mac Murrow of Leinster and all the Irish Lords which had been somewhat disordered renewed their Obedience 4. When Ireland first received the Christian Faith they gave themselves into the Jurisdiction both Spiritual and Temporal of the See of Rome The Temporal Lordship Pope Adrian conferred upon Henry the Second and he gave the same to John his younger Son afterwards King of England and so it returned home to the Crown 5. Alexander the Third confirmed the Gift of Adrian as in both their Charters is expressed at large 6. Vivian the Legate on the Popes behalf did Accurse and Excommunicate all those that fell from the Obeysance of the Kings of England 7. The Clergy twice Assembled once at Cashell secondly at Armagh plainly determined the Conquest to be Lawful and threatnad all people under pain of Gods and holy Churches indignation to accept of the English Kings for their Lords from time to time 8. It would ask a Volume to recite the Name of such Irish Princes who since the Conquest have continually upon Occasions Revolts or Petitions sworn Truth and Faith to the Kings of England and from time to time received Honors Wages Fees Pardons and made Petitions And thus I think no reasonable man will doubt of a Right so old so continued so ratified and so many ways confessed The Kings Revenue in Ireland was spent and wholy exhausted in the publick service and therefore The Kings Revenue in Ireland wholy spent on that Kingdome in all the ancient Pipe-Rolls in the times of King Henry the Third Edward the First Edward the Second and Edward the Third between the Receipts and Allowances there is this entrie In Thesauro nihil For the Officers of the State and the Army spent all so as there was no surplusage of Treasure And here I may well take occasion to shew the vanity of that which is reported in the Story of Walsingham touching the Revenue of the Crown in Ireland which he saith did amount to thirty thousand Pounds a year in the time of King Edward the Third The vain story of 30000 l. yearly Revenue in E 3ds time refuted If this Writer had known that the Kings Courts had been established in Ireland more than a hundred years before King Edward the Third was born or had seen either the Parliament Rolls in England or the Records of the Receits and Issues in Ireland he had not left this vain report to Posterity for both the Benches and Exchequer were erected in the twelfth year of King John And it is Recorded in the Parliament Rolls of 21. of Edward the Third remaining in the Tower that the Commons of England made Petition that it might be enquired why the King received no benefit of his Land in Ireland considering he possessed more there than any of his Ancestors had before him Now if the King at that time when there were no standing Forces maintained there had received thirty thousand pounds yearly at his Exchequer in Ireland he must needs have made profit by that Land considering that the whole charge of the Kingdome in the 47th year of Edward the Third when the King did pay an Army there did amount to no more than eleven thousand and two hundred pounds per Annum as appeareth by the Contract of William Winsore Besides it is manifest by the Pipe-Rolls of that time whereof many are yet preserved in Breminghams Tower and are of better credit than any Monks story that during the Reign of King Edward the Third the Revenue of the Crown of Ireland both certain and casual did not rise unto ten thousand pound per Annum though the medium be taken of the best seven years that are be found in that Kings time The like Fable hath Hollingshead touching the Revenue of the Earldome of Vlster which saith he in the time of King Richard the Second was thirty thousand Marks by the year Whereas in
the policy of the King of Meth the only Irish Prince then in favour with the Tyrant These Northern Nations were the first that brought the Irish acquainted with Traffick and Commerce and with building of Castles and Fortresses only upon the Sea-coasts having hitherto known no other defence but Woods Boggs or Stoakes And last of all by the English in K. Henry 2ds reign An. 1172. After this the Roytelets or petty Princes enjoying their former Dominions till the year 1172. in which Dermot Mac Morogh King of Lynster having forced the Wife of Maurice O Rorke King of Meth was driven by him out of his Kingdome who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for succor received Aid under the leading of Richard de Clare Sir-named Strongbow Earle of Pembroke to be restored to his Kingdom by whose good success and the rest of the Adventurers upon the Arrival of Henry the Second in Ireland his very Presence without drawing his Sword prevailed so far as that all the petty Kings or great Lords within Lynster Connaght and Munster submitted themselves unto him promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledging him their chief and Soveraign Lord But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish Submissions were but weak and fickle assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom for no sooner were the Kings of Englands backs turned but the Irish returned to their former Rebellions and the Kings of England had here no more power or profit than the great ones of the Country were pleased to give them for they governed their People by the Brehon Law they made their own Magistrates and Officers pardoned and punished all Malefactors within their several Countries made War and Peace one with the other without controulment and this they did not only during the Reign of King Henry the Second but also in the times succeeding even until the Reign of Queen Elizabeth which Conquest became thus imperfect by reason of two great Defects first in the faint prosecution of the War and next in the loosness of the Civil Government The Conquest of Ireland by the English imperfect till of late by reason of two defects viz. first faint Prosecution of the War the Causes of it As touching the carriage of Martial Affairs from the seventeenth year of King Henry the Second at what time the first overture was made for the Conquest of Ireland until the nine and thirtieth year of Queen Elizabeth when that Royal Army was sent over to suppress the the Rebellion of Tyrone which in the end made an universal and absolute Conquest of all the Irishry It is very evident that the English either raised here or sent hither from time to time out of England were alwaies too weak to Subdue and Master so many Warlike Nations or Septs of the Irish as did possess this Island and besides their weakness they were ill paid and worse Governed And if at any time there arrived out of England an Army of competent strength and power it did rather terrifie than break or subdue this People being ever broken and dissolved by some one accident and impediment or other before the perfection of the Conquest of it as namely Henry the Second by the Rebellion of his Sons King John Henry the Third and Edward the Second by the Barrons Wars Edward the First by his Wars in Wales and Scotland Edward the Third and Henry the Fift by the Wars of France Richard the Second Henry the Fourth Henry the Sixth and Edward the Fourth by Domestick contention for the Crown of England it self Richard the Third not worth mentioning as having never got the quiet possession of England but was cast out by Henry the Seventh within two years and an half after his Usurpation And Henry the Seventh himself though he made the happy Union of the two Houses of York and Lancaster yet for more than half the space of his Reign there were walking Spirits of the House of York which he could not conjure down without the expence of some Bloud and Treasure Henry the Eighth was diverted by his two Expeditions into France at the first and latter part of his Reign and in the middle thereof wholly taken up with the troubles created to him by the great alteration of Ecclesiastical Affairs And lastly the Infancy of King Edward and the Coverture of Queen Mary which were both not-abilities in Law did likewise in fact disable them to accomplish the Conquest of Ireland so that all the Kings of England coming thus far short as to the perfecting of the true Conquest of Ireland let us examine what other impediments were given thereunto in point of Martial Affairs by the Adventurers themselves that first undertook the Conquest of this Kingdom upon their own account That the first English Adventurers had good success in Ireland during the first forty years It doth appear that for the space of about forty years after the first landing of the English in Ireland till the seventeenth year of King John during all which time there was no Army transmitted out of England to finish the Conquest of Ireland that the Adventurers and Colonies already planted there proceeded with so much good success as they gained very large portions of ground in every Province As namely the Earl of Strongbow by his Marriage with the Daughter of Mac Morrogh in Lynster the Laâ—ies in Meth the Giraldines and other Adventurers in Munster the Andeleyes Gernons Clintons Russels and other Voluntaries of Sir John de Courcies retinue in Vlster and the Bourkes planted by William Fitz-Adelme in Connaght The English Colonies being thus dispersed through all the Provinces of Ireland were necessitated But being necessitated for a long time to maintain a bordering War against the Irish at the charge of the English Planters from the twelfth year of King John till the six and thirtieth year of King Edward the Third being about an hundred and fifty years to maintain a continual bordering War between them and the Irish without receiving during all that time any supply either of Men or Money out of England to manage the same So that all the chief Governours of the Realm and the English Lords who had gotten such great Possessions and Royalties as that they presumed to make War and Peace at their pleasure without the least advice or direction from the State being forced to levy all their Forces within the Land who being ill Paid and worse Governed it so came to pass the publick Revenues of Ireland being then inconsiderable to sustain such a charge that as well the Ordinary Forces which stood continually as the extraordinary which were levied by the chief Governour upon Journeys and general Hostings were for the most part laid upon the poor Subjects descended of English race which burden was in some measure tollerable during the Reign of King Henry the Third and Edward the First but afterwards became insupportable in the time of King
were no such sufficient English Ministers sent over as might be presented to any Bishop for any Living but the most part of such English as came over thither of themselves were either unlearned or men of some bad note for which they had forsaken England So as the Bishop to whom they should have been presented might justly reject them as incapable and insufficient Secondly the Bishop himself being perhaps an Irish man who being made Judge by that Law of the sufficiency of the Ministers might at his own Will dislike of the English man as unworthy in his Opinion and admit of any Irish whom he should think more for his turn And if he should at the Instance of any English man of countenance there whom he would not displease accept of any such English Minister as should be tendered unto him yet he would under-hand carry such a hard hand over him or by his Officers wring him so sore that he would soon make him weary of his poor Living Lastly the Benefices themselves were so mean and of so small profit in those Irish Countreys through the ill husbandry of the Irish people which did inhabit them that they would not yeild any competent maintenance for any honest Minister to live upon scarcely to buy him a Gown And had all this been redressed yet what good should any English Minister have done amongst them by teaching or preaching unto them which either could not understand him or would not hear him Or what comfort of life could he have where his Parishoners were so insatiable so intractable so ill affected to him as they usually are to all the English Or finally how durst almost any honest Ministers that were peaceable civil men commit their safety to the hands of such Neighbours as the boldest Captains durst scarce dwell by The Church of Ireland much Reformed of late But these Obstructions by the special Providence of God appearing in the late Revolutions of Ireland seems upon the matter to be wholly taken away for first there are now in Ireland together with other Divines that commonly repair thither out of England and Scotland a sufficient number of able Ministers bred up in Trinity Colledge at Dublin to supply the above mentioned first Defect Secondly all the Bishops of Ireland are now worthy learned Protestants who with all the endeavours they can do incourage Protestant Ministers to settle themselves in such convenient places as they may do God and that Countrey good service and themselves have thereby a comfortable subsistance Besides the English Magistracy and Gentry being now so generally dispersed through all parts of Ireland do give great countenance to the Protestant Ministry to proceed cheerfully and industriously in their Vocations Lastly the Benefices themselves are now by the industry and good husbandry of the British Planters together with the uniting of two or three Parishes into one to supply the imperfect Plantation thereof become so considerable and will much more hereafter when fully Planted as to be able to yeild a competent maintenance for honest learned Ministers to live upon and which is a farther encouragement to them have already very considerable Congregations of Protestant-Plantres through most parts of the Kingdom to attend upon Divine Service every Sabbath-day The Revenues of the Church oâ— Ireland have much encreased of late in this manner The Revenues of the Church of Ireland much increased of late and the manner how First it was observed that the Clergy of this Countrey were formerly little beholding to their Lay-Patrons some of their Bishops being so poor that they had no other Revenues than the Pasture of two Milch Beasts And so far had the Monasteries and Religious Houses invadeâ— by Appropriations the Churcheâ— Rites that of late times in the wholâ— Province of Connaght the whole stipend of the Incumbent was not above forty shillings in some placeâ— not above sixteen So that the pocâ— Irish must needs be better fed thaâ— taught For ad tenuitatem Benefici orum necessario sequitur ignorantia Sacerdotum Poor Benefices will be fitted with ignorant Priests said Panormitan rightly But this was remedied in part by his Sacred Majesty King Charles the Second Monarch of Great Britain who liberally aâ— the Suit of the late Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury restored unto this Chuch all the Impropriations and portions of Tithes which had been vested in the Crown An Action of most singular Piety and Princely Bounty Secondly King James out of the forfeited Lands of the six Counties in Vlster allowed fair proportions of Land as Gleabable to those Parishes within the said forfeited Counties which has caused them for so much to be counted better Livings for Ministers than in any other part of that Kingdom Thirdly That by the care the Earl of Strafford had while he was Lord Deputy of Ireland to increase the Revenues of that Church he recovered by Law Suits great quantities of Land in many parts of Ireland which the Church enjoys to this very day Fourthly and lastly That the whole Kingdom of Ireland may be justly thought to be so far improved during the last forty years peace by the industry of the British Planters and by the Irish also in imitation of the same as that all the Lands thereof and consequently the Tythes in proportion came to be worth in yearly value four or five times more than it ever amounted unto in any former Age And therefore we need not much marvel how that this last Rebellion Anno 1641. became more bloudy and universal than any of the former the Popish Irish Clergy and Lawers well understanding that the Sovereign Command of Ireland was now worth the contending for Bishopricks of Ireland Reckoned in Ireland at and since the Reformation four Arch-bishops nineteen Bishops and one University viz. Dublin Manners The Irish have long since had the Character of being Religious Frank Amorous Ireful Sufferable of pains infinite very glorious many Sorcerers excellent Horse-men delighted with Wars great Alms-givers passing in Hospitality The lewder sort both Clerks and Lay-men sensual and loose to Leachery above measure The same being virtuously bred up or Reformed are such mirrours of Holiness and Austerity that other Nations retain but a shew or shadow of Devotion in comparison of them As for Abstinence and Fasting which these days make so dangerous this is to them a familiar kind of Chastisement In which virtue and divers other how far the best excel so far in Gluttony and other hateful Crimes the Vitious they are worse than too bad They follow the dead Corps to the grave with hollowings and barbarous out-cryes pittiful in appearance whereof grew as I suppose the Proverb To weep Irish These people of late times The good agreement bewixt the Irish and the English in Ireland during the last forty years peace were so much civilized by their Cohabitation with the English as that the antient Animosities and Hatred which the Irish had been ever observed to
Affairs of that Kingdome expecting direction from hence the delays whereof were oftentimes through other greater affairs most irksome the oportunities there in the mean time past away and greater danger did often grow which by such timely prevention might easily have been stopped And this is worthily observed by Machiavel in his discourses upon Livie where he commendeth the manner of the Romans Government in giving absolute Power to all their Councellors and Governors which if they abused they afterwards should dearly answer And the contrary thereof he reprehendeth in the States of Venice of Florence and many other Principalities of Italy who use to limit their chief Officers so strictly as that thereby they have oftentimes lost such happy occasions as they could never come unto again The like whereof who so hath been conversant in the Government of Ireland especially during Queen Elizabeths Reign hath too often seen to their great hindrance and hurt That besides the want of Power there were eminent defects observed in the managemet of the publick Affairs of Ireland Besides this want of Power which did hinder the good Reformation of Ireland there were eminent defects noted in the mangement of the publick Affairs of that Kingdom by some of the chief Governors thereof who seeing the end of their Government to draw nigh and some mischiefs and practices growing up which afterwards might work trouble to the next succeeding Governor would not attempt the redress or cutting off thereof either for fear they should leave the Realm unquiet at the end of their Government or that the next that came should receive the same too quiet and so happily win more praise thereof than they before And therefore they would not seek at all to repress that evil but would either by granting protection for a time or holding some emparlance with the Rebel or by treaty of Comissioners or by other like devices only smother and keep down the flame of the mischief so it might not break out in their time of Government what came afterwards they cared not or rather wish'd the worst To this may be added The savoring of the Irish and depressing of the English an ill practice by some of the Lord Deputies of Ireland that when the Irish have been broken by the Sword of one Governour and thereby consequently made fit and capable for subjection another succeeding as it were into his harvest and finding an open way made for what course he pleased bent not to that point which the former intended but rather quite contrary and as it were in scorn of the former and in vain vaunt of his own Councels would tread down and disgrace all the English and set up and countenance the Irish all that he he could thereby to make them more tractable and buxome to his Government wherein he thought much amiss for surely his Government could not be sound and wholsome for that Realm it being so contrary to the former For it was even as two Physicians should take one sick body in hand at two sundry times of which the former would minister al things meet to purge and keep under the body the other to pamper and strengthen it suddenly again whereof what is to be looked for but a most dangerous relapse Therefore by all means it ought to be fore-seen and assured that after once entering into this course of Reformation there be afterwards no remorse nor drawing back for the sight of any such rueful objects as must thereupon follow nor for compassion of their Calamities seeing that by no other means it is possible to cure them and that these are not of will but of very urgent necessâ—ty The Lord Lieutenant The Lord Deputies of Ireland assâ—sted by a Privy Councel or Lord Deputy of Ireland hath for his assistance a Privy Councel attending on him though resident for the most part at Dublin and in emergencies or cases of more difficult nature proceedeth many times in an arbitrary way without formalities of Law Sir Henry Sidney Lord Deputy of Ireland in Queen Elizabeths time The Lords Presidents of Connaght and Mounster instituted in Queen Elizabeths time to enure and acquaint the People of Mounster and Connaght with the English Government again which had not been in use among them for the space of two hundred years before he instituted two Presidency Courts in those two Provinces placing Sir Edward Fitton in Connaght and John Perrot in Mounster The Lord President of Mounster hath one Assistant twelve learned Lawyers and a Secretary CHAP. IV. Of the Title changed from Lord to King of Ireland in the time of Henry the Eighth Of the Titles of the Crown to every part of Ireland and to the whole diverse ways And several claims to the Land of Ireland Of the Revenue and Strength Title altered from Lord to King SIR Anthony Saint-Leger Lord Deputy of Ireland in a Parliament which he held the 33. of Henry 8. caused an Act to pass which gave unto King Henry the Eighth his Heirs and Successors the Name Stile and Title of King of Ireland Whereas before that time the Kings of England were stiled but Lords of Ireland Although indeed they were absolute Monarchs thereof and had in right all Royal and Imperial Jurisdiction and Power there as they had in the Realm of England And yet because in the vulgar conceit the name of King is higher than the name of Lord assuredly the assuming of this Title hath not a little raised the Sovereignity of the Kings of England in the minds of this people And because it hath been doubted by some whether we might Lawfully fight against the Irish I shall for farther satisfaction here insert the Right and Title the Crown of England hath to the Kingdom of Ireland as to every part of it and to the whole divers ways I will begin with the Pedigree of William Earl Marshal Title to Leinster for thereupon depend many Records in Ireland and the King of Englands Right to Leinster Walter Fitz Richard who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror died Lord Strongbow of Strigule alias Chepstow without Issue to whom succeeded his Sisters Son who was created the first Earl of Pembroke and had Issue Richard the inheritor of Leinster by a Covenant and Marriage of Eva the Sole Daughter of Mac Murrough King of Leinster This Richard conveyed to Henry the Second all his Title and held of him the Lordship of Leinster in four Counties Wexford Catherlagh Ossory and Kildare Richard left Issue a Daughter Issabel married to William Earl Marshal of England now Earl of Pembroke Lord Strongbow and Lord of Leinster William had Issue five Sons who died without Issue when every of them except the youngest had successively possessed their Fathers Lands and five Daughters Maud Jone Issabel Sibil and Eve among whom the Patrimony was parted Anno 31. H. 3. Of these Daughters bestowed in Marriage are descended many Noble Houses as the Mortimers Bruises Clares
153 3 21 â—9 1 18 5 3 1 8 10 1 1 5 7 3 19 2 3 96 155 2 0 80 1 18 10 2 1 9 2 0 1 5 1 0 19 5 1 97 157 0 19 â—01 1 19 3 2 1 9 5 2 1 6 2 1 19 7 3 98 158 2 39 1 1 19 8 1 1 9 9 1 1 6 5 2 19 10 0 99 159 1 18 22 2 0 1 0 1 10 0 3 1 6 8 3 1 00 0 2 100 161 3 37 43 2 0 6 0 1 10 4 2 1 7 0 0 1 00 3 0 110 178 0 29 11 2 4 6 2 1 13 5 2 1 9 8 1 1 2 3 1 120 194 1 0 100 2 8 7 3 1 16 5 0 1 12 4 3 1 4 3 2 130 210 2 2 68 2 12 7 1 1 19 5 3 1 15 1 1 1 6 3 3 140 226 3 4 36 2 16 8 0 2 2 6 1 1 17 9 2 1 8 4 1 150 247 3 36 4 3 0 9 0 2 5 6 0 2 0 6 0 1 10 4 2 160 259 0 27 93 3 4 9 2 2 8 7 1 2 3 2 2 1 12 4 3 170 275 1 19 61 3 8 10 0 2 11 7 2 2 5 10 3 1 14 5 0 180 291 2 11 29 3 12 10 3 2 14 8 0 2 8 7 1 1 16 5 1 190 307 3 2 118 3 16 11 1 2 17 8 2 2 11 3 2 1 18 5 3 200 323 3 34 86 4 1 0 0 3 0 9 0 2 14 0 0 2 0 5 3 250 404 3 33 47 5 1 2 3 3 15 11 1 3 7 6 0 2 10 7 2 300 485 3 32 8 6 1 5 3 4 11 1 2 4 1 0 0 3 0 9 0 350 566 3 30 90 7 1 8 3 5 6 3 2 4 14 6 0 3 10 10 2 400 647 3 29 51 8 1 11 3 6 1 5 3 5 8 0 0 4 1 0 0 450 728 3 28 12 9 2 2 3 6 6 8 0 6 1 5 3 4 11 1 1 500 809 3 26 94 10 2 5 3 7 11 10 1 6 14 11 3 5 1 2 3 550 890 3 25 55 11 2 8 3 8 7 0 2 7 8 5 3 5 11 4 1 600 971 3 24 16 12 2 11 3 9 2 2 3 8 1 11 3 6 1 5 3 650 1052 3 22 98 13 3 2 3 9 17 5 0 8 15 5 3 6 11 7 1 700 1133 3 21 59 14 3 5 3 10 12 7 1 9 8 11 3 7 1 8 3 750 1214 3 20 20 15 3 8 3 11 7 9 2 10 2 5 3 7 11 10 1 800 1295 3 18 102 16 3 11 2 12 2 11 3 10 15 11 3 8 1 11 3 850 1376 3 17 63 17 04 2 7 12 18 2 0 11 9 5 3 8 12 1 1 900 1457 3 16 24 18 04 5 2 13 13 4 1 12 2 11 3 9 2 2 3 950 1538 3 14 100 19 04 â— 2 14 8 6 2 12 16 5 3 9 12 4 1 1000 1619 3 13 67 20 04 11 2 15 3 6 2 13 9 11 3 10 2 5 3 1500 2429 3 0 40 30 07 5 1 22 15 7 0 20 4 11 2 15 3 8 2 2000 3239 2 27 13 40 09 1 10 30 7 5 1 26 19 11 2 20 4 1 12 2500 4049 2 13 107 50 12 4 3 37 19 3 2 33 14 11 1 25 6 2 1 3000 485â— 2 0 8 60 14 10 2 45 11 1 3 40 9 11 0 30 7 5 0 3500 5669 1 27 53 70 17 3 1 53 8 0 0 â—7 4 11 0 35 8 8 0 4000 6479 1 14 26 80 19 10 0 60 14 10 2 53 19 10 3 40 9 10 3 4500 7139 1 0 120 91 02 3 3 68 6 8 3 60 14 10 3 45 11 1 3 5000 8099 0 27 39 101 04 9 2 75 18 7 0 67 9 10 2 50 12 4 2 5500 8909 0 14 66 111 07 3 1 83 10 5 2 â—4 4 10 1 55 13 7 1 6000 7919 0 01 39 121 09 9 0 91 2 3 3 80 19 10 1 60 14 10 1 6500 10528 3 28 12 131 122 3 98 14 2 0 87 14 100 65 16 1 0 7000 11338 3 14 106 141 148 2 106 6 0 1 94 9 100 70 17 3 3 8000 12958 2 28 52 161 19 8 0 121 9 9 0 107 199 2 80 199 2 9000 14578 0 01 119 182 0â— 7 â— 136 13 5 2 121 9 9 1 91 02 3 1 10000 16198 1 15 65 202 00 7 0 151 17 2 1 134 19 9 0 101 04 9 0 11000 17818 0 29 11 222 14 6 2 167 00 10 3 148 9 8 3 111 07 2 3 12000 19438 0 02 78 242 19 6 0 182 04 7 2 161 19 8 2 121 09 8 2 13000 21057 3 16 24 263 04 5 2 197 08 4 0 175 9 8 0 131 12 2 0 14000 22677 2 29 91 283 09 5 0 212 12 0 3 188 19 7 3 141 14 7 3 15000 24297 2 03 37 303 14 4 2 227 15 9 1 202 9 7 2 151 17 2 2 20000 32396 2 31 09 404 19 2 0 303 14 4 1 269 19 6 0 202 09 6 0 30000 48595 0 06 74 607 08 9 0 455 11 6 2 404 19 3 0 303 14 3 0 40000 64793 1 22 18 809 18 4 0 607 08 8 3 339 19 0 0 404 19 0 0 50000 80991 2 37 83 1012 07 11 1 759 05 10 3 674 18 9 0 506 03 9 0 Strength Seeing the Irish Nation by reason of their barbarous Laws and Customs could never upon their own soore put themselves in any hopeful way of erecting a Common-wealth in Ireland The Irish Nation inconsiderable but by their dependency on the Crown of England either before or since the Conquest of it by K. Henry the Second And that it is most evident unless they were bred under The manner how the English did again extend their bounds beyond the narrow Limits of the English Pale since the beginning of Q. Elizabeths reign and a little before and protected by the English Laws and Government they had never been otherwise looked upon in the World but as a mean and despicable people I shall therefore since a true measure of the strength of Ireland must be taken upon an English accout here briefly relate by what ways and means the English since the beginning of Quen Elizabeths Reign and a little before did again extend their power and interest in Ireland beyond the nâ—rrow Limtis of the English Pale 1. Viz. By the Rebellion of the Moors and Connors in the Reign of Ed. 6. and Q. Mary 1. In the first place I find that Sir Edward Bellingham being Lord Deputy of Ireland in King Edward the Sixths time was the first Deputy since the Reign of King Edward the Third that by a Martial course extended the border beyond the Limits of the English Pale by beating and breaking the Moors and Connors and building the Forts of Leix and Offaly To which work Thomas Earl of Sussex Lord Deputy of Ireland in Queen Marys Reign
00 Lord Viscount Wenman of Trian 10 00 00 Lord Viscount Shannon 13 6 8 Lord Viscount Clare 1â— 00 00 Lord Baron of Cahir 11 â—5 08 Total 484 11 08 Whereas Creation money is granted to one and the same person for two Honours that Sum which is granted with the highest Title is only to be paid Perpetuities  l. s. d. COlledge of Dublin 388 15 00 Dean of Christ-Church Dub. 045 00 08 Arch-Bishop of Dub. for Proxies 018 05 06 Bishop of Meath out of the Manner of Trim 003 15 00 Citizens of Dublin 500 00 00 Chanter of Christ-Church for Rent for a Plot of Ground 027 00 00 Total 983 02 02 Temporary Payments  l. s. d. LOrd Treasurer 30 00 00 Ke … 〈…〉 Castle Roâ—mâ— 18 05 00 Keeper of the Reâ—oâ—ds in Breminghams Tower 10 00 00 Total 36 05 00 Pensions and Annuities  l. s. d. COuntess of Tirconnell 300 00 00 Patrick Archer 205 l. per annum till he be paid 5883 l. 19 s. 6 d. 410 l. 5 s. 6 d. being granted to him by Letters Patent dated March 13. 1662. and his Majesties Letters May 2. 1662. 205 00 00 Lord Coursey and his Son John Coursey 150 00 00 Sarah King Widdow p. an 040 00 00 Mary Warrin p. annum 060 00 00 Sir James Dillon Knight p. an 500 00 00 Luke Gernon Esq p. an 100 00 00 John Dogherty Esq p. an 027 07 07 Joseph Maguire per annum 040 00 00 Anne Connock per annum 050 00 00 William Aubry per annum 052 00 00 Total 1524 07 07  l. s. d. FIve Commissioners of Accompts and the Clerks allowances 150 00 00 Payments for Extraordinaries by concordatums 6000 00 00 The total Sum of all the Payments aforesaid amounts to 16601 11 11 Total of the Militery Payments 155341 13 07 Total of both Lists 171943 05 08 Temporary Payments  l. s. d. KNight Marsh of Ireland 198 01 09 Scout Master General of Ireland 221 13 04 Secretary of War 456 05 00 Governor of Carrickfergus 199 04 07 The Mayor of the City of Dublin 146 00 00 Governor of the County of Clare 182 10 00 Constable of Hilsborough Fort 060 16 08 Total 1464 11 04 Part III. TO THE READER That it much imports the future security of the British Planters in Ireland to be for the most part if not wholy possessed by way of habitation of the chief Cities and strong Towns of Ireland as witness the Example of the City of Dublin HOw much it concerns the future well-fare and security of the Protestant British Planters to be for the most part if not wholy possessed by way of Habitation of the chief Cities and strong Towns of Ireland doth very evidently appear by these two Examples which may serve as sufficient Instances for all the rest viz. That of the City of Dublin And the other those of Limrick and Gallaway As for Dublin though it owed its whole being upon the matter and especially the sole cause of its late flourishing state and condition to the constant residency of the Lords Lieutenants and Lords Deputies of Ireland and the four Courts of Judicature there yet so ungrateful were the Popish Irish party therein and so little sensible of their own good as that when the Lords Commissioners upon the first discovery of the Conspiracy in October 1641. having happily provided for the security of the Castle of Dublin Their Lords took next into their care how to secure the City in some sort against any sudden attempts which proved a work not easie to be effected not only in regard of the crasiness of the Walls the large Suburbs and weakness of the place but much more in respect of the corrupt ill affection of the Popish Irish Inhabitants within the City who for the most part were so strangely deluded with the ill infusions of their Priests as they did certainly as was found afterwards by woful experience do all that in them lay to promote the Rebellious designs then set on foot as they believed only for the re-settlment of their Religion and recovery of their Liberties They were the Instruments to convey away privatly most of the chief Conspirators who would have surprised the Castle on the 23d of October They secretly entertained many of the Rebels that came out of the Country they likewise sent them relief that were abroad by secret ways conveying as well Ammunition as intelligence of all passages from thence And such wrong aversions had they against all Contributions for the maintenance of his Majesties Army as in the very beginning of the Rebellion when the Lords sent for the Mayor and Aldermen and laying before them the high necessities of the State together with the apparan danger of the City and Kingdom desired to borrow a considerable sum of money for the present which they undertook to repay out of the next Treasure that should arive out of England The Popish party amongst them was so prevalent as that after a most serious consultation very solemn debate among themselves they most impudently returned this answer that they were not able to furnish above forty pounds and part of that was to be brought in in Cattle And when in the heighth of the distractions there were no fortifications about the Suburbs nor any manner of defence for the City but an old ruinous Wall part whereof fell down about that very time so careless were the Citizens and so slowly went they about the making up that breach as that under pretence of want of money they let it lie open till the Lords sent unto them forty pounds towards the reparation As for those of Limrick and Gallaway And those of Lymrick Gallaway they had no less obligations laid upon them by the State of England under whose prosperous and benigne Government they flourished during the last forty years peace in such an extraordinary manner witness those many stately Buildings erected and vast Estates acquired by their Citizens during the said time as neither they nor any of their Ancestors did ever hope to enjoy or expect to ever see the like who by reason of the foule dealings of their neighbour country men were till of late times at such perpetual enmity with them as that they never trusted them as the old saying is No farther than they could see them and for this cause continually intermarried amongst themselves and so became as it were of one Kindred and Relation through each Town all being comprehended under a very few Sir names But surfeiting with too much prosperity and trusting too much to their own strength they declared themselves at last as rank Rebels as any of the rest of their Country-men for though by reason of the miscarriage of the maine plot of surprizing Dublin Castle it made them at first to stand at a gaze were put to take up second Counsels yet which seems miraculous notwithstanding they saw the power of the Northern Rebels begin to decline and
p. 90. A Character of all Ireland and how far it differs from England in Aire and Commodities c. p. 93 94. Of the Money of Ireland p. 96. Of its Buildings p. 101. Of its Inhabitants and Laws p. 105. And of its Religion p. 111. Of the Manners of the Irish Antient and Modern p. 120. How lovingly the Irish lived of late times in Neighbourhood with the English till October 23. An. 1641. And how strangly they altered upon the sudden from more than ordinary good Offices of Kindness to extream Barbarisme and cruelty towards their said English Neighbuors and the rest of the Protestant British Planters in Ireland with the manner motives and causes of the same p. 123 c. Of the number of the Inhabitants of Ireland p. 145. Of the Irish Language p. 147. Of their Stature p. 150. Of their Dyet p. 151. Of their Attire p. 152 Of their Recreations p. 153. Of the Irish Names p. ibid. Of their Sir names p. 154. Of the Government of Ireland p. 156 A Catalogue of the Lord Lieutenants Deputies Lord Justices p. 158 The Title of the Kings of England altered from Lords of Ireland to King p. 17â— The Titles of the Crown of England to every part of Ireland and to the whole divers ways As to Lynster p. 171. To Meath p. 172. To Munster p. ibiâ— To Ulster and Connaght p. 173 Of the several Claims of the Crowâ— of England to the Land of Ireland p. 174 Of the Revenue of Ireland p. 183 A Table for Reducing Plantation-Acres p. 186. Of the Strength of Ireland and how it principally consists by its dependency on the Crown of England p. 196. By what ways and means the English since the beginning of Queen Elizabeths Reign and a little before did again extend their Power and Interest in Ireland beyond the narrow Limits of the English Pale p. ibid. Of the great advantages that will accrue in the future to the English by their late vast Acquisitions in Ireland the better to enable them thereby to breed up their Children for the service of that Kingdom both in Church and State p. 205. How that the Popish Irish Lawyers and Divines did of late times abuse the advantage they had by their good Education to the ruine of their own Country p. 206. Of how many Troops of Horse and Companies of Foot the present Standing Army in Ireland consists p. 217. Of the Militia in Ireland p. 218. How that henceforth there will be no-more need of Trayning up the Irish together with the English in the Feats of Arms which of late times proved very destructive to the English Interest in Ireland p. ibid. Of Electing Parliament men p. 221. A List of what places Return Parliament-men p. 223. Nobility Subsidy p. 227. Subsidies of the several Bishopricks p. 231. Provincial Subsidies p. 233. Salaries belonging to several Courts of Judicature c. p. 236. Military Payments p. 239. Provincial Officers c. p. 240. Creation-Money p. 243. Perpetuities and Temporary Payments p. 245 247. Pensions and Annuities p. 246. THE CONTENT OF THE Third Part. TO the Reader p. 24â— That it much imports the futurâ— security of the Protestant British Planters to be for the most part if not whoâ— possess'd by way of habitation of thâ— chief Cities and strong Towns of Ireland which was sufficiently evidence by the examples of the Cities of Dublin Limrick and Gallaway upon the firâ—â— breaking out of the last Rebellion in Ireland begun the 23d of October Annâ— 1641. p. 249 The Characters of some of the chieâ— Towns and Cities of Ireland wherebâ— is discovered how conveniently they arâ— situated as they lie in the respectivâ— Provinces in reference to Trade and Strength both forreign and domestick How they increased and flourished during the last forty years Peace And what probability there is of their future flourishing state and condition with many other things remarkable in relation thereunto p. 255. In the Province of Munster Of Waterford p. ibid. Of Kingsale p. 257. Of Corke p. 258. Of Youghall p. ibid. Of Limrick p. 259. Of Clonmell p. 260. In the Province of Connaght Of Gallaway p. 261. Of Sleygoe p. 263. Of James-Town p. 265. Of Athlone p. 266. In the Province of Vlster Of Carlingford Dundalk p. 267. Of Cnockfergus p. ibid. Of London-derry p. 268. In the Province of Lynster Of Wexford p. 269 Of Kilkenny p. 270 Of Ross p. ibid Of Carlough p. 271. Of Tredagh p. 272. Of Dublin p. ibid. IRLANDIA THE Present State OF IRELAND TO pass by the story how Caesaria Ireland supposed to be first Inhabited by the Britains Noah's Neece inhabited IRELAND before the Flood and how three hundred years after the Flood it was subdued by one Bartholanus a Scythian who overcame here I know not what Giants with other such stuffe wholly resting on the Testimony of the Irish Chronicles which are thought to relish too much of the Fable and not altogether to rely upon that opinion grounded on very probable Circumstances that this Island was first Inhabited by the mixt Nations of Spaniards Gaules Africans or Gothes coming out of Spain and by the Britains out of Britain the Irish being observed to partake of tho Customes and Manners of each of these People but it seems most likely that the first Inhabitants thereof came wholly out of Britain Britain being the nighest unto it and thereby affording the conveniency of a more speedy Waftage thither and the antient Customes Laws Language and Dispositions of these People being not much unlike the Britains though they were accounted far more Barbarous and Savage by most antient Writers than those of Britain are said to be at the first discovery having never been made so happy as to come under the power of the Romans the Great Masters of Civility and good Letters in the West of Europe by means whereof their Actions and Affairs were buried in Oblivion The Ancient Inhabitants of this Island being thus conceived to be Originally Britains Ireland first Invaded by the Saxon Monarch and the Scots found to inhabit here about the fall of the Roman Empire the first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who casting their Eyes upon it made themselves Masters of Dublin and some other places but could not long possess the same as being hardly able to defend their own against that People The next that undertook the Conquest thereof being about Anno 830. Next by the Northern Nations all passing under the Names of Danes Swedes Normans were the Northern Nations of Danes Swedes and Normans all passing in the Chronicles of those times under the Name of Norwegians who first scouring along the Sea-coasts by way of Pyracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island being divided amongst many petit and inconsiderable Princes made an absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Turgesius whom they Elected for their King but were soon rooted out by
Edward the Second For Morrice Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond being chief Commander of the Army against the Scots began that wicked extortion of Coyn and Livery and pay that is he and his Army took Horse-meat Mans-meat and Money at their pleasure without giving any Ticket or other satisfaction for the same This wicked imposition made High Treason by the Statute of 11. The English Plantations in Ireland began to decay H. 4. became afterwards so habitual and general a fault of all the Governours and Commanders of the Army in this Land that in a short time it inforced because the great English Lords and Captains had power to impose this charge when and where they pleased many of the poor English Free-holders to give unto those Lords a great part of their Lands that they might hold the rest free from that extortion And many others not being able to endure so intollerable a burthen did utterly quit their Free-holds and returned into England by means whereof the English Colonies did soon grow poor and feeble and the English Lords became rich and mighty for having placed Irish Tenants upon the Lands relinquished by the English upon whom they levied all Irish exactions and with whom they married fostered and made Gossips so as within one age both English Lords and Free-holders became degenerate and meer Irish in their Language Apparel Arms and manner of fight and all other Customs of life whatsoever That Morrice Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond was the first began that wicked Custome of Coyn and Livery But that I may not quit my self so soon of this subject before I give a more particular satisfaction to the Reader touching the evil consequences that ensued upon the general practice of this wicked Extortion of Coin and Livery which indeed was one of the chiefest causes of the sudden decay and ruine of the first English Colonies in Ireland he may be pleased to understand that the forementioned Thomas Fitz-Morrice Earl of Desmond did soon by these oppressive courses grow from a mean to a mighty Estate in so much that his ancient inheritance being not one thousand Marks yearly he became able to dispend every way ten thousand pound per Annum These possessions being thus unlawfully gained could not be maintained by the just and honorable Laws of England which would have restored the true owners to their Land again And therefore this Great Man found no better means to continue and uphold his ill purchased greatness then by rejecting the English Laws and Government and assuming in lieu thereof the barbarous Customs of the Irish whereupon followed the defection of those four Counties Which proved the utter ruine of the first English Colonies in Ireland except those within the Pale containing the greatest parts of Munster viz. Kerry Limrick Cork and Waterford from the obedience of the Law and so successively by the same means and much about the same time the rest of the English Lords and Free-holders in Ireland except those of the English Pale fell away from the English Law and Government in the end of King Edward the Second's Reign and in the beginning of King Edward the third And truly it is here a fit subject of wonder All the English Colonies in Ireland except those within the Pale degenerate into meer Irish manners to consider to what height of baseness the English arrived unto by this defection in so much as within less time then the Age of a Man they had no marks or differences left amongst them of that Noble Nation from which they were descended for they did not onely forget the English Language and scorn the use thereof but grew to be ashamed of their very English Names though they were Noble and of great Antiquity and took Irish Sir-names and Nick-names Namely the two most potent families of the Bourkes in Connaght after the house of the Red Earl failed of Heirs Males called their Chiefs Mac William Eighter and Mac William Oughter In the same Province Bremingham Baron of Athenry called himself Mac Yeoris D'Execester or d' Exon was called Mac Jordan Mangle or d' Angulo took the name of Mac Costello Of the inferiour Families of the Bourks one was called Mac Hubbard another Mac David In Munster of the great Families of the Geraldines planted there one was called Mac Morrice chief of the house of Lixnaw and another Mac Gibbon who was also called the White Knight The chief of the Baron of Dunboyns house who is a branch of the House of Ormond took Sir-names of Mac Pheris Condon of the County of Waterford was called Mac Majoke and the Arch-Deacon of the County of Kilkenny Mac Odo And this they did in contempt and hatred of the English Name and Nation of whom these degenerated Families became more mortal enemies then the meer Irish The Native Subjects of Ireland The Civil War of York and Lancaster furthered the ruine of the English Colonies in Ireland of English Race in Henry the 6th's time seeing the Kingdome thus utterly ruined passed in such numbers into England as one Law was made there to transmit them back again and another Law made in Ireland to stop their passage in every Port and Creek And as one ill fortune happens in the neck of another the greatest part of the Nobility and Gentry of Meth past over afterwards into England and were slain with Richard Duke of York who had been long Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the Battle of Wakefield in York-shire after whose death while the Wars between the two Houses of York and Lancaster were in their heat almost all the good English blood which was left in Ireland was spent in these civil dissentions so as the Irish became Victorious over all without blood or sweat except onely that little Canton of Land as aforesaid called the English Pale containing the Counties of Dublin Louth Kildare and Meth which last hath since the time of King Henry the Eight been subdivided into three Counties that is to say East-Meath West-Meath and Longford which onely maintained a bordering War and retained the form of an English Government so that by the fourteenth of King Edward the Fourth the State of Ireland was grown to so low an ebbe upon an English account that at their erecting a Fraternity of men of Armes called the Brotherhood of S. George for the defence of the said Pale they exceeded not in number above 200. being all the standing Forces that were then in Ireland and as they were Natives of the Kingdom so the Kingdom it self did pay their wages without expecting any Treasure out of England However the great Lords of the natural Irish and degenerate English being divided into many factions and never conjoyned in any one principle of common interest and thereby consequently becoming very inconsiderable this small spot of ground was valiantly maintained for a long time by the weak but united Forces of the Kings of England Having proceeded thus far in examining
the chief causes that obstructed the Conquest of Ireland till about the latter end of Queen Elizabeths reign as to Martial Affairs And secondly loosness in the Civil Government of Ireland for not communicating the Laws of England to the Irish I shall now endeavour in the next place to give some satisfaction touching those defects that were observed to be in the Civil Policy and Government of this Kingdome which gave no less impediment to the full Conquest thereof which doth first consist in this That the Crown of England did not from the beginning give Laws to the Irishry though the Irish did often desire to be admitted to the benefit of it and protection of the English Laws but could not obtain it For although King Henry the Second before his return out of Ireland held a Counfel or Parliament at Lismore where the Laws of England were willingly accepted off by all the Irishry and that confirm'd by their Oaths And though King John in the twelfth year of his Reign did establish the English Laws and Customes here and the Courts of Judicature at Dublin and placed Sheriffs and other Ministers to rule and govern the people according to the Laws of England yet it is evident by all the Records of this Kingdome that onely the English Colonies and some few Septs of the Irishry as O Neal of Vlster O Malaghlin of Meath O Connagher of Connaght O Brien of Thomond and Mac Muorrogh of Lynster who were enfranchised by special Charters were admitted to the benefit and protection of the Laws of England for in them onely the English Laws were published and put in execution and in them onely did the Itinerant Judges make their Circuits and Visitations of Justice as namely in the Counties of Dublin Kildare Meth Vriel Catherlogh Kilkenny Wexford Waterford Cork Limrick Kerry and Typperary and not in the Countries possessed by the Irishry which contained at least two third parts of the Kingdome and even in these Counties the said Laws stretcht no farther then the Lands of the English Colonies did extend so that the Irish were not only disabled to bring any actions but they were so far out of the protection of the Law as it was often adjudged no Fellony to kill a meer Irish man in time of Peace from whence it came to pass that in all the Parliament Rolls which are extant from the 40th year of Edward the Third when the Statutes of Kilkenny were enacted till the Reign of King Henry the Eighth we find the degenerate and disobedient English called Rebels but the Irish which were not in the Kings Peace are called Enemies Whereby it it is manifest that such as had the Government of Ireland under the Crown of England did intend to maintain a perpetual Separation and Enmity between the English and the Irish pretending that the English should in the end be able to root out the Irish which the English not being able to effect caused a perpetual War between both Nations which continued four hundred and odd years and might have continued to the worlds end if in the end of Queen Elizabeths Reign the Irishry had not been broken and Conquered by the Sword and since the beginning of King James his Reign had not been protected and governed by the Law Contrary to the practice of the Romans and others c. who communicated their Laws to the Conquered This was contrary to the practice of the Roman State which Conquered so many barbarous and civil Nations and therefore knowing by experience the best and readiest way of making a perfect and absolute Conquest refused not to communicate their Laws to the rude and barbarous people whom they had conquered neither did they ever put them out of their Protection after they had once submitted themselves but rather the better to assure their conquest by all the means imaginable they could allured them to Civility and Learning whereof the antient Britains were a famous instance This was also against the practise William the Conqueror used who governed both the Normans and the English under one Law And against the prudent course that hath been observed in the reducing of Wales partly perform'd by King Edward the First and altogether finished by King Henry the Eighth by dividing the whole Countrey into Shires and Circuits and establishing a Common-wealth amongst them according to the English Government by means whereof that entire Countrey was in a short time so securely setled in Peace and Obedience and hath attained to that civility of manners and plenty of all things as now we find it not inferiour to the best parts of England That the over great proportions of Land granted to the first Conquerors of Ireland occasioned great inconveniencies The next Error in the Civil Policy which hindered the perfection of the Conquest of Ireland did consist in the distribution of the Lands and Possessions which were won and conquered from the Irish For the Scopes of Land which were granted to the first Adventurers were too large and the Liberties and Royalties which they obtained therein were too great for Subjects though it stood with reason that they should be liberally rewarded out of the fruits of their own labours since they managed the War upon their own account and received no pay from the Crown of England whereupon ensued divers inconveniencies that gave great impediment to the Conquest for first Earl Strongbow was entituled to the whole Kingdom of Lynster partly by Invasion and partly by Marriage albeit he surrendered the same entirely to King Henry the Second his Soveraign The manner how Ireland was divided amongst the first Engâ—ish Conquerors for that with his License he came over and with the aid of his Subjects he had gained that great Inheritance yet did the King regrant back again to him and his Heiâ—s all that Province reserving only the City of Dublin and the Cantreds next adjoyning with the Maritine Towns and principal Forts and Castles Next the same King granted to Robert Fitz-Stephen and Miles Cogan the whole Kingdom of Corke from Lismore to the Sea To Philip le Bruce he gave the whole Kingdome of Lymrick with the Donation of Bishopricks and Abbies except the City and one Cantred of Land adjoyning To Sir Hugh de Lacy all Meath To Sir John de Courcy all Vlster To William Bourke Fitz-Adelin the greatest part of Connaght In like manner Sir Thomas de Clare obtained a grant of all Thomond and Otho de Grandison of all Tipperary and Robert le Poor of the Territory of Waterford the City it self and the Cantred of the Oastmen only excepted And thus was alâ— Ireland Cantonized among ten Persons of the English Nation And though they had not gained the Possession of one third part of the whole Kingdom yet in Title they were owners and Lords of all so as nothing was left to be granted to the Natives whose petty Kings and Great ones our great English Lords could not endure
they should Reign in Ireland nay they were come that height by these great Possessions that they could not brook that the Crown of England it self should have any Jurisdiction or Power over them For many of these Lords to whom our Kings had granted these petty Kingdoms did by Vertue and Colour of these Grants claim and exercise Jura Regalia within their Territories in so much as there were no less than eight Counties Palatines in Ireland at one time The first English Conquerors exercise Regal Power These absolute Palatines made Barons and Knights did exercise high Justice in all points within their Territories erected Courts for Criminal and Civil Causes and for their own Revenues in the same form as the Kings Courts were established at Dublin made their own Judges Seneschalls Sheriffs Coroners and Escheators so as the Kings Writ did not run in those Counties which took up more then two parts of the English Colonies but onely in Church Lands lying within the same which were called the Cross wherein the King made a Sheriff And so in each of these Counties Palatines there were two Sheriffs one of the Liberty and another of the Cross whereby it is manifest how much the Kings Jurisdictions was restrained and the power of these Lords enlarged by these high Priviledges Again these great undertakers were not tied to any form of Plantation but all was left to their discretion and pleasure And although they builded Castles and made Freeholders yet were there no tenures or services reserved to the Crown but the Lords drew all the respect and dependancy of the common people unto themselves Now let us see what inconveniences did arise by these large and ample Grants of Lands and Liberties to the first Adventurers in the Conquest The great inconveniences that ensued the Grant of whole Provinces and petit Kingdoms to the first English Conquerors of Ireland Without doubt by these Grants of whole Provinces and petty Kingdoms these few English Lords pretended to be Proprietors of all the Land so as their was no possibility left of settling the Natives in their Possessions and by consequence the Conquest became impossible without the utter extirpation of all the Irish which these English Lords were not able to perform nor perhaps willing if they had ability Notwithstanding because they did still hope to become Lords of those Lands which were possessed by the Irish whereunto they pretended Title by their large Grants And because they did fear that if the Irish were received into the Kings protection and made Liege-men and Free Subjects the State of England would establish them in their possessions by Grants from the Crown reduce their Countries into Counties ennoble some of them and enfranchise all and make them amensurable to the Law which would have abridged and cut off a great part of that greatness which they had promised unto themselves They therefore perswaded the King of England that it was unfit to communicate the Laws of England unto them and that it was the best policy to hold them as Aliens and Enemies and to prosecute them with a continual War whereby they obtained another Royal Prerogative and Power Which was to make War and Peace at their Pleasure in every part of the Kingdom which gave them an absolute command over the Bodies Lands and Goods of the English Subjects there And besides the Irish inhabiting the Lands fully Conquered and reduced being in the condition of Slaves and Villains did render a greater Profit and Revenue than if they had been the Kings Free Subjects and therefore for these two causes last expressed they were not willing to root out all the Irishry Again Those large Scopes of Land and great Liberties with absolute Power to make War and Peace did raise the English Lords to that height of Pride and Ambition as they could not endure one another but grew to a mortal War and Dissention amongst themselves insomuch that whole Towns and Countries have often times been destroyed by their Contentions which brought forth divers mischiefs that did not onely disable the English to finish the Conquest of all Ireland but did endanger the loss of what was already gained And of Conquerors made themselves Slaves to that Nation which they did intend to Conquer For whensoever one English Lord had vanquished another the Irish waited and took the opportunity and fell upon that Country which had received the blow and so daily recovered some part of the Lands which were possessed by the English Colonies Besides The English Lords to strengthen their Parties did Ally themselves with the Irish and drew them in to dwell amongst them and gave their Children to be fostered by them and having no other means to pay or reward them suffered them to take Coyn and Livery upon the English Free-holder which oppression was so intollerable as that the better sort were enforced to quit their Free-holds and fly into England and never returned though many Laws were made in both Realms to remand them back again and the rest which remained became degenerate and meer Irish as is before declared And the English Lords finding the Irish Exactions to be more profitable then the English Rents and Services and loving the Irish tyranny which was tyed to no Rules of Law or Honor better than a just and lawful Seigniory did reject and cast off the English Law and Government received the Irish Laws and Customes took as aforesaid Irish Sir-names refused to come to the Parliaments which were summoned by the King of Englands Authority and scorned to obey the English Knights which were sent to command and govern this Kingdome Why the Kings of England Granted such large Proportions of Land to the first Conquerors of Ireland But this ought withal to be taken into consideration that as these Grants of little Kingdomes and great Royalties to a few private persons did produce the mischiefs spoken of before So the true cause of making those Grants did proceed from this That the Kings of England being otherwise imployed and diverted did not make the Conquest of Ireland their own work and undertook it not royally at their own charge but as it was first begun by particular Adventurers so they left the prosecution thereof to them and other Adventurers who came to seek their Fortunes in Ireland wherein if they could prevail they thought it in Reason and Honor they could do no less than make them Proprietors of such Scopes of Land as they could Conquer People and Plant at their own charge reserving only the Sovereign Lordship to the Crown of England But if the Lyon had gone to hunt himself the shares of the inferiour Beasts had not been so great If the Invasion had been made by an Army transmitted furnished and supplyed onely at the Kings charges and wholly paid with the Kings Treasure as the Armies of Queen Elizabeth and King James were as the Conquest had been sooner atchieved so the Servitors had been contented
with lesser proportions For when Scipio Pompey and Caesar and other Generals of the Roman Armies as Subjects and Servants of that State and with the Publick Charge had Conquered many Kingdomes and Common-Weals we find them rewarded with Honorable Offices and Triumphs at their return and not made Lords and Proprietors of whole Provinces and Kingdomes which they had subdued to the Empire of Rome Likewise when the Duke of Normandy had Conquered England which he made his own work and perform'd it in his own person he distributed sundry Lordships and Manners unto his Followers but gave not away whole Shires and Countries in Demesne to any of his Servitors whom he most desired to advance Again From the time of the Norman Conquest till the Reign of King Edward the First many of our English Lords made War upon the Welch-men at their own charge the Lands which they gained they held to their own use were called Lords Marchers and had Royal Liberties within their Lordships Howbeit these particular Adventurers could never make a Conquest of Wales But when King Edward the First came in person with his Army thither kept his Residence and Court there made the reducing of Wales an enterprize of his own he finished that work in a Year or two whereof the Lords Marchers had not perform'd a third part with their continual Bordering War for two hundred Years And withall we may observe that though this King had now the Dominion of Wales in jure proprietatis as the Statute of Rutland affirmeth which before was subject unto him but in jure feodali And though he had lost divers principal Knights and Noble men in that War yet did he not reward his Servitors with whole Countries or Counties but with particular Mannors and Lordships As to Henry Lacie Earl of Lincoln he gave the Lordship of Denbigh and to Reighnold Gray the Lordship of Ruthen and so to others If the like course had been used in the winning and distribuiting of the Lands of Ireland that Island had been fully conquered before the Continent of Wales had been reduced But the truth is when private men attempt the Conquest of Countries at their own charge commonly their enterprizes do perish without success as when in the time of Queen Elizabeth Sir Thomas Smith undertook to recover the Ardes and Chatterton to reconquer the Fues and Orier The one lost his Son and the other himself and both their Adventures came to nothing And as for the Crown of England it hath had the like Fortune in the Conquest of this Land as some Purchasers have who desire to buy Land at too easie a Rate they find those cheap Purchasers so full of trouble as they spend twice as much as the Land is worth before they get the quiet possession thereof And as the best policy was not observed in the distribution of the Conquered Lands That the first English Adventurers in Ireland were deceived in the choice of the fittest places to settle their Plantations in so as I conceive that the first Adventurers intending to make a full Conquest of the Irish were deceived in the choice of the fittest places for their Plantation For they sate down and erected their Castles and Habitations in the Plains and open Countries where they found most fruitful and profitable Lands and turned the Irish into the Woods and Mountains Which as they were proper places for Out-laws and Thieves so were they their Natural Castles and Fortifications thither they drave their preys and stealths there they lurkt and lay in wait to do mischief These â—â—st places they kept unknown by making the ways and entries thereunto impassable there they kept their Creaghts or Herds of Cattle living by the Milk of the Cow without Husbandry or Tillage there they encreased and multiplyed unto infinite numbers by promiscuous generation among themselves there they made their Assemblies and Conspiracies without discovery But they discovered the weakness of the English dwelling in the open plains and thereupon made their Sallies and Retreats with great advantage Whereas on the other side if the English had builded their Castles and Towns in those places of fastness and had driven the Irish into the plains and open Countries where they might have had an eye and observation upon them the Irish had been easily kept in order and in short time reclaimed from their wildness There they would have used Tillage dwelt together in Town ships learned Mechanical Arts and Sciences The Woods had been wasted with the English Habitations as they were afterwards about the Forts of Mariborough and Philipston which were built in the fast places in Leinster and the ways and passages throughout Ireland would have been as clear and open as they are in England or Ireland at this day Having thus far recounted the manifold defects mischiefs and impediments that both in the Civil and Martial Affairs so long obstructed the ful Conquest of Ireland I should have here also briefly recited the many good Laws and Ordinances made and enacted from time to time by the Kings of England and the Parliaments in Ireland for redressing the said mischiefs and inconveniences but all fair endeavours and purposes of this kind proving abortive and ineffectual for want of the Sovereign Sword as well as the Royal Scepter to put the same in execution I shall now onely set forth the Nature of the Irish Customs with the evil Consequences thereof and then proceed to a conclusion of this discourse containing those Affairs that shall appear most remarkable in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth King James and King Charles the First and especially in the Reign of our present Gratious Sovereign King Charles the Second in order to the Reformation and good Government of this Realm If we consider the Nature of the Irish Customs The Nature of the Irish Customs destructive to all good Government we shall find that the people which doth use them must of necessity be Rebels to all good Government destroy the Common-Wealth wherein they live and bring Barbarisme and Desolation upon the richest and most fruitful Land of the World For whereas by the just and honorable Law of England and by the Laws of all other well governed Kingdoms and Common-wealths Murder Manslaughter Rape Robbery and Theft are punished with Death By the Irish Custom or Brehen Law the highest of these offences was punished onely with Fine which they called an Erick Therefore when Sir William Fitz-Williams being Lord Deputy told Maguire that he was to send a Sheriff into Farmannagh being lately before made a County your Sheriff said Maguire shall be welcome to me but let me know his Erick or the price of his head before hand that if my people cut it off I may cut the Erick upon the Country As for Oppression Extortion and other trespasses the weaker had never any remedy against the stronger whereby it came to pass that no man could enjoy his Life his Wife his Lands or
several factions the Popish Irish party of the supream Counsel against the Popes Nuntio and his party afterwards some English and Irish for and others against my Lord of Ormonds Peace and at last some of the Protestant party and of the Irish for the King and some others of both parties for the Rump-Parliament but all in a confusion till the year 1649. The English find an opportunity to be throughly revenged en the Irish Anno 1649. c. At what time a considerable Army of English being transported into Ireland where after two Disputes the one at Dublin and the other at Tredagh the Royal party there finding no probability of effecting any thing advantageous to his Majesties Service joyning their forces with those newly landed out of England so bore down the Irish that in less space than three years there was scarce an Irish man through all Ireland that durst hold up his hand against them and by a necessary severity put in practice for the soon finishing of the War the whole Kingdome became upon a sudden so depopulated that considering what vast numbers of people were destroyed by the Sword Famine and Plague it is thought that in the conclusion of the said War there was not left living the eighth part of all the Irish Nation a just judgment of God inflicted on them for their notorious Barbarisme committed in their massacring the English The Irishry being thus broken the Irish Proprietors of Lands within the Provinces of Munster Leinster The Irish being broken are Transplanted into the Provinces of Connaght and County of Clare and Vlster were commanded by Proclamation by a certain day upon pain of Death to Transplant themselves into the Province of Connaght and County of Clare there to receive their proportions of Land according to their Qualifications the which very speedily and submissively they performed accordingly This Province of Connaght and County of Clare for their Natural and Artificial strength are worth the noting being altogether environed on the West and South-west part thereof by the vast Ocean and almost encompassed on the East and North-East part thereof in the whole length from North to South for the space of one hundred and forty miles or thereabouts with the great for the most part impassable River Shannon except by Boat or Bridge And on all sides and parts of the said Province of Connaght and County of Clare so beset with mighty strong Garrisons as namely Limrick Galloway Athlone James-Town the Forts of Slego and Belick in the County of Mayo with many other Garrisons of lesser moment and yet of no small strength that should the Irish at any time appear to stir in the least to oppose the Ruling power it were no less then wilfully to expose themselves to immediate slaughter and the mercy of the Sword This service being thus perform'd together with the turning out about the same time by degrees all the Popish Irish Proprietors out of all the strong Towns and Cities in Ireland Some part of the English Army disbanded after the Irish Transplantation and bringing in Protestant Planters as fast as they could to succed them in their habitations soon after followed the disbanding of certain Regiments of the Army who received their respective proportions of Land for their Arrears in the Provinces of Lynster Munster and Vlster according to their Lots upon every Acre whereof was imposed a certain Chiefry or Quit-Rent to be yearly paid after the expiration of five years towards the defraying of the Publick charge of the Kingdome The same method was soon after observed in satisfying the Arrears of the rest of the Army And about the same time the Commissioners sate at Athlone for determining the Qualifications of the Irish who having there received their doom immediately posted to Lougreah to get their respective proportions of Land to be assigned to them either in Connaght or the County of Clare according to the tenor of their said determined Qualifications from Commissioners siting at Lougreah for that purpose upon every Acre whereof a Quit-Rent was also imposed to be paid yearly after the expiration of five years as aforesaid towards the Publick charge All these things being effected The English and Irish setled upon their respective proportions of Lands within the compass of three years Whereupon followed a strange alteration in the general Face and State of Ireland and brought to this pass within the compass of three years or thereabouts this settlement having been first begun Anno 1653. there appeared within three or four years following such a strange alteration in the general Face and State of Ireland as might justly work much admiration in any sober man who having travelled over a considerable part of this Realm in the years 1652 and 1653. should on one side but consider what a dreadful wast Country he had beheld where for ten sometimes twenty or thirty Miles together nay indeed almost all the Kingdom over except about the English Garrisons one should not behold The lamentable condition all Ireland was reduced unto in the close of the War An. 1652 1653. Man Bird or Beast appear the very wild Fowls of the Aire and the wild Beasts of the Field being either dead or having departed out of those Desolations and thousands of Irish daily starving for want of Food did in this extremity ordinarily feed on the Souldiers Horses for which no satisfaction was in any times received but with the loss of their lives Nay the Famin grew generally at last to that height that the Irish did not only feed upon Horses but upon dead Corps taken out of the Graves the English Army and all those that followed them being in the mean time necessitated to be upon the matter wholy supplyed out of England with all manner of Provisions as well as Pay I say these things being seriously considered could not choose but pierce a heart of Stone with grief and sorrow Ireland reviving again from its ruinous coâ—dition But on the other side what true hearted English man or indeed any Christian but would have rejoyced to see a considerable number of all sorts of people repairing securely from all parts of the Country four times in the year to receive Justice in the four Courts of Judicature at Dublin according to the nature of their Complaints To see the Judges twice a year ride through all the Circuits in Ireland bravely attended and entertained by the Sheriffs Justices of the Peace and many other persons of good quality being all English accompanied also with many Irish both Gentry and Commons To see moreover both English and Irish together with the additional number of many thousands of English Welch and Scots with some Dutch that yearly Transported themselves hither to Plant diligently applying themselves all over Ireland to Tillage and breeding of of all sorts of Cattle with a competent proportion whereof the whole Country became in a few years indifferently well Planted
great loss whether it turned to the benefit of the Queen or no is not known But to the Treasurers and Paymasters without doubt it brought in good gain whose avarice which is a diligent searcher of hidden gains may seem to have devised it The Money now generally used in Ireland there being little of English because prohibited to be transported thither beyond the summe of five pounds as I take it for the better encouragement of Trade between both Kingdoms is most of all Spanish Coyn to wit pieces of Eight at 4 s. 6 d. the piece consisting of Plate pieces Mexico and old Peru with half and quarter pieces The new Perues whereof there was a good quantity being not long since called in and by reason they were thought to be abused and falsified converted into Plate to the great benefit of some in Dublin and the no small loss at that time of a great many people in Ireland A piece of old English Gold is hardly to be seen in Ireland except what is closely kept in private hands though there was a great proportion thereof before the late Wars which commonly passed from hand to hand in ordinary Payments There is a small quantity of Brass Coyn that is used there for the conveniency of change I have already hinted Buildings how that the Irish by reason of their Barbarous Laws and Customs did never build any Houses of Brick or Stone some few poor Religious Houses excepted before the Reign of King Henry the Second which seems as manifest as strange by the entertainment of the said King received at their chief City of Dublin Anno 1172. who was unavoidably necessitated for meer accommodation finding there no fit place for his reception to set up a long house made of smoothed Wattles after the manner of the Country wherein he pompously entertained the greâ—t Irish Lords and Princes at Christmas All their Forts Castles Stately Buildings and other Edifices were afterwards Erected by the English except as I said some of the Maritine Towns which were built by the Ostmanni or Easterlings who antiently came and Inhabited Ireland The Buildings of Ireland much improved by the last forty years Peace During the last forty years peace in Ireland there were many lovely Houses built through most part of that Kingdom by the English Nobility and Gentry with delicate improvements in Orchards Gardens and Inclosures correspondent thereunto There was also at the same time by way of imitation the like good indeavours of making handsome Improvements and Buildings by the better sort of Irish both in Towns and Country But the fair Dwellings of the English were so badly handled by the Irish in the heat of the War that scarce any part of them except the main Walls escaped from fireing upon which being generally made of Massy Stone the English have rebuilt and are building besides a great number upon new foundations many fair Structures But that which has been hitherto The Nasty Irish Cabbins a great blemish to Ireland and I doubt will ever hereafter be a blemish to the flourishing state of Ireland in point of Building is the great number of Nasty-Smoaky-Cabbins every where made up of Wattles without any Chimnies wherein the poorer sort of Irish do well which cannot be altogether ascribed to their meer poverty and antient custom but rather much more to the uncertainty of the tenure whereby they hold the same being Tenants only but from May to May that so they may more easily quit their Station and try their fortunes else where for an other year though many times to as little effect in case they find themselves over-much opprest by their Landlords Their Parish Churches were generally as meanly built in Ireland as their practice was in Religion but now that the Country comes to be inhabited by a more civil and better Principled people it may be justly hoped and likewise expected that there will be by degrees a Reformation in this particular as well as in other matters of less moment since the handsome building and adorning of Churches do conduce much to draw the rude people to the the reverencing and frequenting thereof CHAP. II. Of the Inhabitants their Laws Religion and Manners Of their Number Language Stature Dyet Attire Recreations Names and Sir-names I have already declared how it is most probable that the first Inhabitants of this Island came hither out of Britain Inhabitants and Laws now called England and Wales And therefore shall proceed to give some farther Account touching the Laws of this Realm both Ancient and Modern The Brehon Law by which the Irish governed themselves was a Rule of Right unwritten but delivered by Tradition from one to another in which often times there appeared great shew of Equity in determining the Right between party and party but in many things repugning quite both to Gods Law and Mans The partiality and impiety of the Brehon Irish Law As for example in the case of Murder the Brehon that is their Judge would compound between the Murderer and the Friends of the party Murdered which Prosecuted the Action that the Malefactor should give unto them or to the Child or Wife of him that is slain a recompence which they called an Eriach By which vile Law of theirs many Murders amongst them were made up and smothered And this Judge being as he was called the Lords Brehon adjudged for the most part a better share unto this Lord that is the Lord of the Soil or the head of that Sept and also unto himself for his judgment a greater portion then unto the Plaintiffs or parties grieved Sir Edward Poynings the best Reformer of the Laws of Ireland He that gave the fairest beginning to the Reformation of the Laws of Ireland of any till his time was Sir Edward Poynings Lord Deputy of Ireland in the Reign of King Henry the Seventh who finding in that Realm nothing but a common misery took the best course he possibly could to establish there a well governed Common-wealth and to that end he held a Parliament no less famous than that of Kilkenny and more available for the Reformation of the whole Kingdom For whereas all wise men did ever concur in opinion that the readiest way to Reform Ireland was to settle a form of Civil Government there conformable to that of England To bring this to pass Sir Edward Poynings did pass an Act whereby all the Statutes made in England before that time were enacted established and made of force in Ireland Neither did he only respect the time past but provided also for the time to come For he caused an other Law to be made that no Act should be propounded in any Parliament of Ireland but such as should be first Transmitted into England and approved by the King and Council there as good and expedient for that Land and so returned back again under the Great Seal of England This Act though it seem Prima facie to restrain
the Liberty of the Subjects of Ireland yet was it made at the Prayer of the Commons upon just and important cause For the Governors of that Realm especially such as were of that Country Birth Poynings Act made at the request of the Commons of Ireland had laid many opprssions upon the Commons And amongst the rest they had imposed Laws upon them not tending to the general good but to serve private turns and to strengthen their particular factions This moved them to refer all Laws that were to be past in Ireland to be considered corrected and allowed first by the State of England which had alwaies been tender and careful of the good of this people and had long since made them a Civil Rich and Happy Nation if their own Lords and Governors there had not sent bad intelligence into England Besides this he took special Order that the Summons of Parliament should go into all the Shires of Ireland and not to the four Shires onely within the English Pale for out of that little Precinct there were no Lords Knights or Burgesses Summoned to the Parliament neither did the Kings Writ run in any other part of the Kingdom and for that cause specially he caused all the Acts of Parliament lately before holden by the Viscount of Gormanston to be repealed and made void On these foundations they have raised many superstructures both of Law and Government enacted in their own Parliaments summoned by the Lord Deputy at the Kings appointment Amongst many inconveniences which have been observed in the Laws of England in relation to the Government of Ireland whereof a reformation was wisht this was a main one That when any of the Irish intended to go into Rebellion Entailing of Lands supported the Rebellions in Ireland they would convey away all their Lands and Lordships to Feoffees in trust whereby they reserved to themselves but a State for term of life which being determined by the sword or by the halter their Lands straight came to their heirs and the Crown of England defrauded of the intent of the Law which laid that grievous punishment upon Traytors to forfeit all their Lands to the Prince to the end that men might the rather be terrified from committing treasons for many which would little esteem of their own lives yet for remorse of their Wives and Children would be with-held from that heinous crime This appeared plainly in the late Earl of Desmond For before his breaking forth into open Rebellion he had conveyed secretly all his Lands to Feoffees of trust in hope to have cut off her Majesty from the Escheat of his Lands which inconvenience though well enough avoided at that time by an Act of Parliament obtained with much difficulty which by cutting off and frustrating all such conveyances as had at any time by the space of twelve years before his Rebellion been made within the compass whereof the fraudulent Feoffment and many the like of others his accomplices and fellow traytors were contained gave all his Lands to the Queen yet were it not an endless trouble supposing such Acts were easily brought to pass that no Traitor or Fellon should be attainted but a Parliament must be called for bringing of his Lands to the Crown which the Law giveth it Although since the time of St. Patrick Anno 430 Christianity was never extinct in Ireland Religion yet the Government being hailed into contrary factions the Nobility lawless the multitude wilful it came to pass that Religion waxed with the temporal common sort cold and feeble untill the Conquest by King Henry the Second did settle it The Honourable state of Marriage they much abused either in contracts unlawful meetings the Levitical and Canonical degrees of prohibition or in divorcements at pleasure or in omitting Sacramental solemnities or in retaining either Concubines or Harlots for Wives yea where the Clergy were faint they could be content to Marry for a year and a day of probation and at the years end to return her home upon any light quarrels if the Gentlewomans friends were weak and unable to avenge the injury Never was there heard of so many dispensations for Marriage as those men show I pray God grant they were all authentick and builded upon sufficient warrant The Disorders of the Church of Ireland about the latter end of Q. Elizabeths Reign and the causes of it About the latter end of Queen Elizabeths Reign the Church of Ireland was infested not onely with gross Symony greedy covetousness fleshly incontinency careless sloath and generally a disordered life in the common Clergy-men But besides all these had their particular enormities for all the Irish Priests which then enjoyed the Church-livings were in a manner meer Lay-men saving that they had taken holy Orders but otherwise they did go and live like Lay-men follow all kind of Husbandry and other worldly affairs as other Irish men did They neither read Scriptures nor preach to the People nor administer Communion but Baptism they did for they Christened then after the Popish fashion onely they took the Tithes and Offerings and gathered what fruit else they might of their Livings the which they converted as badly and some of them they said paid as due Tributes and Shares of their Livings to their Bishops I mean those which were Irish as they received them duly Which shameful abuses the English Governours could not redress because they knew not the parties so offending for the Irish Bishops had their Clergy in such aw and subjection under them that they durst not complain of them so as they might do to them what they pleased for they knowing their own unworthiness and incapacity and that they were still removeable at their Bishops will yielded to what pleased him and he took what he listed yea and some of them whose Diocesses were in remote parts somewhat out of the Worlds eye did not at all bestow the Benefices which were in their own donation upon any but kept them in their own hands and did set their own Servants and horse-boys to take up the Tithes and Fruits of them with the which some of them purchased great Lands and built fair Castles upon the same Of which abuse if any question were moved they had a very seemly colour and excuse that they had no worthy Ministers to bestow them upon but kept them so unbestowed for any such sufficient person as should be offered unto them To meet with this mischief there was a Statute enacted in Ireland which seems to have been grounded upon a good meaning That whatsoever English-man of good conversation and sufficiency should be brought to any of the Bishops and nominated unto any Living within their Diocess that were presently void that he should without any contradiction be admitted thereunto before any Irish which good Law though it had been well observed and that none of the Bishops had transgressed the same yet it wrought no Reformation thereof for many defects First there
gallant and truly meritorious The Irish unanimously agreed to root the English out of Ireland It is not to be denyed but that the first and most bloudy executions were made in the Prevince of Vlster and there they continued longest to execute their rage and cruelty yet must it be acknowledged that all the other three Provinces did concur with them as it were with one common consent to destroy and pluck up by the roots all the British planted throughout the Kingdom And for this purpose they went on not only murdering stripping and driving out all of them Men Women and Children but they laid wast their Habitations burnt their evidences defaced in many places all the Monuments of Civility and Devotion the Courts and places of the English Government Nay as some of themselves exprest it they resolved not to leave them either Name or Posterity in Ireland Having thus far briefly rendered an account touching matter of fact That the Irish can pretend no grievances as motives to the last Rebellion An. 164â— transacted in this most bloudy Rebellion I shall in the next place take an occasion to enquire whether this desperate resolution of the Irish proceeded from the sense of some grievous oppressions imposed upon by their English Governours or rather meerly from an impetuous desire they had to draw the whole Government of the Kingdom of Ireland into their own hands Upon due consideration whereof I cannot find they had the least cause to complain of oppression for his late Majesties Indulgence was so great towards his Subjects of Ireland as that in the year 1640. upon their complaints and a general Remonstrance sent over unto him from both Houses of Parliament then sitting at Dublin by a Committee of four Temporal Lords of the Upper House and twelve Members of the House of Commons with instructions to represent the heavy pressures they had for some time suffered under the Government of the Earl of Strafford He took these Grievances into his Royal Consideration descended so far to their satisfaction as that he heard them himself and made present Provisions for their redress And upon the decease of Mr. Wandsford Master of the Rolls in Ireland and then Lord Deputy there under the said Earl of Strafford who still continued Lord Lieutenant of that Kingdom though then accused of High Treason and imprisoned in the Tower of London by the Parliament of England His Majesty sent a Commission of Government to the Lord Dillon of Kilkenny West and Sir William Parsons Knight and Baronet Master of the Wards in Ireland yet soon after finding the choice of the Lord Dillon to be much disgusted by the Committee he did at their Motion cause the said Commission to be Cancell'd and with their consent and approbation placed the Government upon Sir William Parsons and Sir John Borlace Knight Master of the Ordinance both esteemed persons of great Integrity and the Master of Wards by reason of his very long continued imployment in the State his particular knowledge of the Kingdom much valued and well beloved amongst the People They took the Sword upon the ninth of February 1640. And in the first place they aplyed themselves with all gentle lenitives to mollifie the sharp humours raised by the rigid passages in the former Government They declared themselves against all such proceedings lately used as they found any ways varying from the Common Law They gave all due encouragement to the Parliament then sitting to endeavour the reasonable ease and contentment of the people freely ascenting to all such Acts as really tended to a Legal Reformation They betook themselves wholly to the advice of the Councel and caused all matters as well of the Crown as Popular Interest to be handled in his Majesties Courts of Justice no way admitting the late exorbitancies so bitterly decryed in Parliament of Paper-Petitions or Bills in Civil Causes to be brought before them at the Councel-board or before any other by their Authority They by his Majesties gracious directions gave way to the Parliament to abate the Subsidies there given in the Earl of Straffords time and then in Collection from forty thousand pounds each Subsidy to twelve thousand pounds a piece so low did they think fit to reduce them And they were farther content because they saw his Majesty most absolutely resolved to give the Irish Agents full satisfaction to draw up two Acts to be passed in the Parliament most impetuously desired by the Natives The one was the Act of Limitations which unquestionably settled all Estates of Land in the Kingdom quietly enjoyed without claim or interruption for the space of sixty years immediately preceding The other was for the relinquishment of the right and title which his Majesty had to the four Counties in Connaght legally found for him by several Inquisitions taken in them and ready to be disposed upon a due Survey to British undertakers as also to some Territories of good extant in Mounster and the County of Clare upon the same title Thus was the present Government most sweetly tempered and carryed on with great lenity and moderation the Lords Justices and Councel wholly departing from the rigour of former courses did gently unbend themselves into a happy and just compliance with the seasonable desires of the people And his Majesty that he might farther testify his own settled resolution for the continuation thereof with the same tender hand over them having first given full satisfaction in all things to the said Committee of Parliament still attending their dispatch did about the latter end of May 1641. declare Kobert Earl of Leicester Lord Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of Ireland He was Heir to Sir Philip Sidney his Unckle as well as to Sir Henry Sidney his Grandfather who with great Honour and much Integrity long continued Chief Governour of Ireland during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth and being a person of excellent Abilities by Nature great Acquisitions from his own private Industry and publick Imployment abroad of exceeding great Temper and Moderation was never engaged in any publick pressures of the Common-wealth and therefore most likely to prove a just and gentle Governour most pleasing and acceptable to the people The Romish Catholicks privately enjoyed the exercise of their Religion through all Ireland Moreover the Romish Catholicks privately enjoyed the free exercise of their Religion throughout the whole Kingdom according to the Doctrine of the Church of Rome They had by the over great indulgence of the late Governours their Titular Arch-bishops Bishops Vicars general Provincial Consistories Deans Abbots Priors Nuns who all lived freely though somewhat covertly among them and without controul exercised a voluntary jurisdiction over them they had their Priests Jesuits and Fryars who were of late years exceedingly multiplyed and in great numbers returned out of Spain Italy and other forreign parts where the Children of the Natives of Ireland that way devoted were sent usually to receive their Education And these without
did put the last hand to who having rooted out these two Rebellious Septs planted English Colonies in their rooms which in all the tumultuous times ever since kept their Habitations their Loyalty and Religion unless destroyed by the last Rebellion An. 1641. 2. 2. By the Rebellion of too Earl of Desmond An. 1583. In the five and twentieth year of Queen Elizabeths Reign Anno 1583 that infamous Rebel and Traytor to his Countrey Girald fitz Girald or Giraldides the eleventh Earl of Desmond of his Family when his men were consumed with Famin and Sword which had barbarously vowed to forswear God before they would forsake him and when he had escaped the hands of the Victorious English almost two years by lurking in uncertain corners was now by a common Soldier found in a little Cottage and unknown till having his Arm almost cut off he discovered himself and was slain being run through the body in many places his head being sent over into England was fixed upon a pole on London Bridge such end had this most powerful man in Ireland who derived his Pedigree from Maurice fitz Giralde of Winsor an Englishman most renowned amongst the first Conquerors of Ireland in the year 1170. He had goodly Lands and Possessions yea whole Provinces with Kerry a County-Palatine and very many Castles and a number of Tenements and Adherents and of his own Stock and Sir-name he had about five hundred Gentlemen at his Devotion Of all which and of his life also he was dispoyled within three years very few of the Family being left after he had broken his Allegiance to his Prince through the perswasion of certain Priests amongst whom the chiefest of all was Nicholas Sanders an Englishman who almost at the same instant was most miserably famished to death who being forsaken of all company and troubled in mind for the adverse success of the Rebellion he wandered up and down through Woods Forrests and Hills and found no comfort In his Pouch were found certain Orations and Epistles written to confirm the Rebels stuffed with large promises from the Bishop of Rome and the Spaniard By the downfal of this great Earl and his Adherents there fell such a great proportion of Land to the Crown in the Counties of Cork Kerrey and and Limrick as gave occasion to a brave English Plantation to be setled in those Southern parts of Ireland in the Reigns of King James and King Charles the first 3. 3. By the Rebellion of Edm. Burgh of Castle-Barry An. 1585. In the twenty seventh year of Queen Elizabeths Reign Anno 1585. Edmund Burgh of Castle Barry with his Sons and Adherents namely the Clan-Gibbons Clandonells and Joyes all of the Province of Connaght after they had drawn the Scots to their assistance and done the Countrey a great deal of mischief by their Rebellion were taken and condemned for Treason by means whereof there was a good portion of Land got to renew an English Colony in the Province of Connaght 4. By the Rebellion of Hugh Roe-Mac Mahone a great Lord in Ulster An. 1590. 4. In the one and thirtieth year of her Reign Anno 1590. by the Rebellion of Hugh Roe-Mac Mahon a great Lord in the Territory of Monaghan in Vlster for that he had with Banners displayed and exacted of his people Contributions due according to the barbarous manner of the Countrey being condemn'd and hanged his most large Lands and Livings were divided betwixt the English and certain of the Mac Mahons to hold the same paying certain yearly Rent to the Queen according to the Laws of England and this to the end that they might weaken that Family strong and powerful of Tenants and Adherents and blot out the Tyranny of Mac Mahone together with Title For by this Title those of that Family waxed insolent which by right or wrong took upon them the denomination Hereupon Brion O-Rerke a great Lord in the neighbour Countrey of Brenn and one who marvellously favoured and affected the Spaniards fearing lest the same might befal him took Arms against the Queen but being hunted into Scotland was very willingly delivered by King James to Queen Elizabeth who was Arraigned Anno 1591. in Westminster Hall for that he had excited and harboured Alexander Mac Conell and others against the Queen had commanded the Queens Picture painted in a Table to be hung at a horses taile and hurried about in scorn and disgracefully cut in pieces had entertained into his house certain Spaniards which were Shipwracked contrary to the Lord Deputies Proclamation had burnt down to Ashes the Houses of the Queens faithful Subjects by his Incendiaries had slain many of them and had offered Ireland into the possession of the King of Scots Sentence of death being pronounced upon him after a few days he suffered a Traytors death at Tiburn with a most obstinate mind This Traytors Land did also farther contribute towards the resetling of an English Plantation in the North of Ireland 5. By the dâ—signed Rebellion and flight of the Earl of Tyrone and his Adherents An. 1609. 5. In the sixth year of King James his Reign being Anno 1609. The Earl of Tyrone and Tirconnel Sir John O Daugherty and other great men of the North possessed of large Territories and great Jurisdictions conteining in the whole six Counties who being both uncapable of Loyalty and impatient of seeing the Kings Judges Justices and other Ministers of State to hold their Sessions and execute their Commissions of Oyre and Terminer within the parts where they commanded out of a guilty conscience having laid the foundation of a Rebellion but not being able to bring the same to effect forsook the Countrey and went into Spain leaving their whole Estates to the Kings disposal By whose directions their Lands were seized upon and sould to several Purchasers the City of London enfeoffed in a great part of them a great Plantation made in Vlster of English Welch and Scots by the united name of British Plantation By means whereof the foundations of some good Towns whereof London was one soon after encompassed with Stone walls were presently laid several Castles and Houses of strength built in several parts of the Countrey and great numbers of British Inhabitants setled there to the great comfort and security of the Kingdom And the same course was taken likewise for the better assurance of the peace of the Countrey in the Plantation of several parts of Leinster where the Irish had made incursions and violently expelled the Old English out of their Possessions And though the King was by due course of Law justly entitled to all their whole Estates there yet he was gratiously pleased to take but one fourth part of their Lands which was delivered over likewise into the hands of the British undertakers who with great cost and much industry planted themselves so firmly as they became of great security to the Countrey and were a most special means to introduce civility in
06 County of Sleigo 295 10 03 County of Clare 386 14 06 Total 2515 11 07 ob VLSTER  l. s. d. COunty of Antrim and Town of Carrickfergus 402 13 06 County of Downe 387 16 02 County of Dunnagall 461 19 06 Coun. City of Londonderry 3â—4 01 10 ob County of Ardâ—agh 258 15 03 County of Monighon 267 05 03 County of Cavan 272 09 09 County of Fermanagh 237 07 06 County of Tyrone 367 18 10 ob Total 3030 07 08 Total of the four Provinces 13693 06 11 Before I come to the Character of the Chief Towns it will not be amiss to insert here the Fees and Salaries belonging to several Courts and Offices Creation money with Military and Temporary Payments c. according to the Establishment made in 1669. The Court of Exchequer  l. s. d. VIce Treasurer 050 00 00 Chancelor 200 00 00 Chief Baron 400 00 00 Second Baron 300 00 00 Third Baron 200 00 00 Prime Serjeant 020 10 00 Attorney General 075 00 00 Soliciter General 075 00 00 Chief Remembrancer 030 00 00 Auditor General 234 06 03 Surveyor General 060 00 00 Escheator of Leinster 006 13 04 Escheator of Munster 001 05 00 Escheator of Connaght 001 05 00 Escheator of Vlster 001 05 00 Second Remembrancer 007 15 06 Clerke of the Pipe 015 00 00 Chief Chamberlaine 010 00 00 Second Chamberlaine 005 00 00 Comptroller of the Pipe 007 00 00 Usher of the Exchequer 012 10 00 Transcriptor Foreign Opposer 015 00 00 Summonister 007 10 00 Marshall of the four Courts 004 00 00 Clerke of the Pells 030 00 00 Clerke of the first Fruits 027 10 00 Cryer of the Exchequer 001 13 04 Total 1798 03 05 Kings Bench.  l. s. d. CHief Justice 500 00 00 Second Justice 300 00 00 Third Justice 300 00 00 Clerke of the Crown 007 10 00 Total 1107 10 00 Court of Chancery  l. s. d. CHancellor of Ireland 1200 00 00 Master of the Rolls 0144 03 03 Two Masters of Chancery 0040 00 00 Clerke of the Crown 0025 00 00 Clerke of the Hanaper 3035 10 00 Total 1444 13 03 Common Pleas.  l. s. d. CHief Justice 400 00 00 Second Justice 300 00 00 Third Justice 300 00 00 Prothonotory 007 10 00 Total 1007 10 00 Starr Chamber  l. s. d. CLerk of the Starr Chamb. 010 00 00 Marshal of the same 010 00 00 Total 020 00 00 Officers attending the State  l. s. d. SEcretary of State 200 00 00 For his Intelligence 100 00 00 Clerk of the Councel 047 10 00 Vlster King at Arms 026 13 04 Athlone Pursivant 013 13 09 Serjeant at Arms 025 00 00 Wakefield Pursivant 013 13 9 Roe Pursivant 010 00 00 Keeper of the Councel Chamb. 018 05 00 Total 454 15 10  l. s. d. Judges of the Circuits 1000 00 00 A Share to be paid only to those that go the rest saved to the King    Incidents  l. s. d. JUdges Master of the Rolls Kings Councels Robes 173 06 08 Liberates for the Officers of the Exchequer 082 02 04 For the Receipt House 025 00 00 Keeper of the same 005 00 00 Singers of Christ-Church Term 002 00 00 Paper Parchm to the Court 150 00 00 Pursivants of the Exchequer 071 05 00 Total 508 14 00 Military Payments  l. s. d. THe Lord Lieutenant for all his Entertainments in time of Peace 6593 16 08 In Case of War as General 3192 04 02 Lieutenants Gen. of the Army 0365 00 00 Major General 0365 00 00 Commissary Gen. of the Army 0365 00 00 These only to be paid in time of War and the Grants to cease with present possessors  l. s. d. LOrd Lieutenant as before 6593 16 08 Knight Mrshal of Ireland 0489 06 07 Muster Master 0365 00 00 Comptrollor of the Cheques 365 00 00 Four Commissaries 400 00 00 A Corporal of the Field at 5 s. per diem 091 05 00 Advocate Gen. 6 s. 8 d. per. diem 121 13 04 Physician Gen. at 10 s. per diem 182 10 00 Chyrurgeon of the Army 121 13 04 Total 8730 04 11 Provincial Officers  l. s. d. PResident of Munster 908 19 09 ob President of Connaght 908 19 09 ob The Provost Marshal of the four Provinces at 77 l. 3 s. 7 d. ob q. each per an to cease with the present possessors 308 14 07 Total 2126 14 02 Constables  l. s. d. COnstable of Dublin Castle 20 00 00 The Porter 13 13 09 Constable Porter of Limrick 20 05 03 Constable of Roscommon Castle 60 00 00 Constable Porter of Athlone 18 07 09 Constable of Carrickfergus 45 12 00 Total 177 18 09 Officers of the Ordnance and Traine of Artillery  l. s. d. MAster of the Ordnance 491 04 07 Lieutenant of the Ordnance at 7 s. p. diem 127 25 00 Comptroller of the Ordnance at 6 s. per diem 109 10 00 The Ingeneer Overseer c. of the Fortifications at 5 s. per diem 091 05 00 Several other Officers of the Ordnance in Leinster 774 02 00 Officers of the Ordnance in Munster 270 14 00 Officers of the Ordnance in Connaght 176 08 04 Officers of the Ordnance in Vlster 136 17 06 Total 2177 06 05 Provincial Officers  l. s. d. CHief Justice of Munster 100 00 00 Second Justice of Munster 066 13 04 Attorney of Munster 013 06 08 Câ—erk of the Councel 007 10 00 Serjeant at Armes 020 00 00 Total 207 10 00 Connnaght  l. s. d. CHief Justice 100 00 00 Second Justice 066 13 04 Attorney 020 00 00 Clerk of the Councel 007 10 00 Serjeant at Arms 020 00 00 Total 214 03 04 Officers of the Customes c. Dublin  l. s. d. CUstomer 007 10 00 Comptroller 007 10 00 Searcher 005 00 00 The Officers of all the other Ports in Ireland 218 06 08 Total 238 06 08  l. s. d. FOur Commissioners of Appeals 400 00 00 Accomptants General of the Customes Excise not to be paid in time of Farme 200 00 00 Creation Money  l. s. d. DUke of Ormond 40 00 00 Marquess of Antrim 40 00 00 Earl of Castlehaven 20 00 00 Earl of Desmond 15 00 00 Earl of Westmeath 15 00 00 Earl of Arglass 15 00 00 Earl of Carbury 15 00 00 Earl of Cavan 15 00 00 Earl of Dunagall 15 00 00 Earl of Clanbrazile 20 00 00 Earl of Inchiquin 20 00 00 Earl of Orrery 20 00 00 Earl of Montrath 20 00 00 Earl of Tirconnel 20 00 00 Earl of Clancarty 2â— 00 00 Earl of Mountallexander 2â— 00 00 Earl of Carlingford 20 00 00 Lord Viscount Grandison 1â— 00 00 Lord Viscount Willmot 1â— 00 00 Lord Viscount Valentia 1â— 00 00 Lord Viscount Dillon 1â— 00 00 Lord Viscount Nettervile 10 00 00 Lord Viscount Killultagh 1â— 00 00 Lord Viscount Maguennis 10 00 00 Lord Viscount Sarsfield 10 00 00 Lord Viscount Ranelagh 1â— 00