The Right honble Charles Earle of Carlisle vicoâ—â—â— Howard of Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gilsland Lord Lieutenant in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland and one of the Lords of his Maiesties most Honourable Privy Councell etc. 〈◊〉 fec A Relation Of Three EMBASSIES From his Sacred MAJESTIE Charles II TO THE Great Duke of MUSCOVIE The King of SWEDEN and The King of DENMARK Performed by the Right honble the EARLE of CARLISLE in the Years 1663 1664. Written by an Attendant on the Embassies and published with his L ps Approbation LONDON Printed for John Starkey at the Miter in Fleetstreet near Temple-Barr 1669. To his Excellency the Right Honourable Charles Earle of Carlisle Viscount Howard of Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland Lord Lieutenant in the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland One of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel and at this present Ambassador Extraordinary to the King of Sweden My Lord WHen I consider the Perfections and Sublime Qualifications wherewith Nature hath so advantagiously adorned Your Eâ—cellency I cannot but think would be an injury to the Publicâ— should I omit to attempt some deâ—lineation thereof And seeing 〈◊〉 is no new thing for others to bâ— ambitious of describing the Actioâ— of Great Men it is but reasonabâ— that I who for sometime have beeâ— an ocular witness of those of Youâ— Lordships should erect a Monâ—ment for Posterity of the same Upon this account it is that I noâ— publish this Work under Your Excellencies favourable Protection bâ— which it is manifest that Your Excellency hath born the Charactâ—â— of Your Prince thorow three foâ—raign Nations with all imaginabâ—â— Prudence and Honour There is nothing to be seen in the whole Sâ—ries of Your Lordships Conducâ— but what is generous and Noble and in which Your Excellency makes it appear with what Reason and judgement His Majestie made choice of Your Person for the Representation of his own under the Illustrious Title of His AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY Which same Honour being now conferred upon You again is a sufficient Proof of the Verity of my Sentement and without further Enlarging upon Your Lordships Worth I believe the Knowledge alone of Your Lordship is sufficient to render You beloved which yet one cannot do but with a most profound respect For my part my Lord if I have any Ambition in the Publication of this Work of which Your Excellency is both the Subject and Ornament it is onely that I may have the Advantage to testifie to the World with how much Zeal and Devotion I am MY LORD Your Excellencies Most humble and most Faithful servant G. M. The Authors Preface to the Reader IT was the saying of an Antient That the Spirit of Man affects Novelties which is justified by daily Observation For any thing to which a man is accustomed long commonly grows unpleasant whereas Variety delights him and rescues his Imagination from the tediousness of ordinary Objects Hence is the desire men have naturally to Travaile and though it withdraws one from his Relations and Country and exposeth him to several incommodities and perils yet the pleasure of his Voiage preponderates all apprehensions and renders all discouragements contemptible and vain And as there is Pleasure in Travailing so it hath in my judgment its Vtility likewise and its Profit as well as Diversion Of this Homer seems to be sensible when amongst all the Elogies and Encomiums he gives to Ulysses one of the principal was That he had seen several Countries and made Observation of their Fashions and Manners Ever since I understood that the World was not altogether shut up in my own Country I have had a constant inclination to travail and in my travels a curiosity to observe according to my talent what I thought most considerable In the Voiage I had the honour to make with the Right Honourable the Earl of Carlisle during his Embassies to Moscovy Sweden and Denmark I had a particular opportunity to gratify my self And forasmuch as Moscovy is a Country little known saving to its Neighbours I fixt my design there more particularly and resolved to inform my self as exactly as was possible of the nature of that Country and its Inhabitants In the mean time I observed also all the remarkable passages of our Travails but especially the pompous solemnities wherewith the Ambassador was received as I had besides the advantage of being imployed about the Negotiation I neglected nothing of that whereby I might instruct my self of States-business The Voyage being over I put my Memoires in order and framed them into a continued discourse so that afterwards I had the satisfaction now and then to review all what I had seen I communicated what I had done with some of my Friends who found the subject too good to be buried in oblivion and wanted not arguments to invite me to Print it But then I was not yet of that mind being very careful how I exposed my self to the Censure of the World and I took alwaies that enterprize to be too dangerous and bold Nam nulli tacuisse nocet nocet esse locutum Yet seeing at last that I might doe it under my Lord of Carlisles Protection and with a full Permission I thought nothing could excuse me if I neglected a thing wherein his Excellencies Interest the Publicks and my own perhaps were concerned And accordingly besides the General Description of the Voyage and the manner wherewith the Ambassador was received the Reader will find in the Relation of the first Embassy an exact Description of Moscovy and of all that passed there in his Excellencies Negotiation There I display the naked truth of the business how contrary to the expectations of all Europe his Excellency was treated there after so many effectual testimonies of Friendship the King of great Britain and the Tzar of Moscovy had received from one onother There a man shall see how unworthily some of the Tzars Commissioners dealt with my Lord Ambassador and made such an Embassy fruitless how instead of taking care for the preservation of that Amity which for so long time had continued betwixt the Crowns of England and Moscovy they suffered themselves to be so far transported as to become instrumental in the diminution thereof And this is clear thorough the whole Series of the Negotiation in which on the one side there is nothing to be seen but a just and well grounded deduction of reasons tending only to the reinforcement of the antient Alliance Whereas on the other it is plain their blind interest had prepossessed them and that they were contented to be Friends for the future but upon condition it seems they should be required no more to give any fair and competent testimonies of their being such This is the unexpected humour wherein his Excellency found the Court of Moscovy who causlesly disliking his whole manner of proceeding found fault with those very actions which were generous and honourable in him And indeed why that Court should have
all these Obligations And for all these new causes and upon those good and auncient grounds his most Serene Majesty declares in your own Imperial words than which none could be either more significant in themselves or more consonant to his sense That his most Serene Majesty taking into consideration the flourishing estate of his Kingdomes that intire brotherly love and amity and frequent correspondency which was inviolable held and continued from the beginning of the Reign of his Royal Father Charles the First of blessed memory with Your Imperial Father of blessed memory the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Michael Pheoderovith of all Russia self-upholder and the happiness and tranquillity thereby accruing to both Dominions doth most earnestly and heartily desire not only the continuance thereof but a nearer and dearer and firmer affectionate brotherly love and frequent correspondency with Your Imperial Majestie His deare and loving Brother than formerly For Conclusion wishing and praying to the Omnipotent God His and Your only King and Sovereign that he will grant you length of daies tranquillity of Reign perpetuity of friendships and all other Imperial blessings beyond the atchievements of all Your immortal Ancestors and that there may never want of Your most Illustrious line to sit upon your Imperial Throne so long as the Sun and Moon endure His most Serene Majestie likewise returnes his most affectionate salutations and friendly congratulations to the great prince Alexey Alexevich the Heir of your Imperial Dominions and the great Pheodor Alexevich Those two Shafts of the Imperial Quiver which at what so ever glorious marke Your Majestie shall draw them you can miss with neither Those two Pledges of peace to Your Subjects and a double terrour to your Enemies His most Serene Majestie had long since heard of their hopefulness and virtues worthy of so Illustrious a parantage and therefore was highly delighted to understand by Your Ambassadors that in their affection to Him also they did so well follow their Fathers pattern which he therefore thankfully accepts as an Obligation on Himself and a Treasure for his Successors Certainly augurating that those two Sonnes of the Russian Eagle as they are now sharpning their sight daily at the most clear eyes of Your Imperial Majestie so will also in due time extend their wings after Your example and soar to the highest pitch that true virtue and indefatigable labour can carry the magnanimous offspring of Princes And now for what concerns my self as I can receive no command from His most Serene Majestie my most Gracious Lord Master but what places a new honour upon me so must I acknowledg that in chusing me for this Embassage He has done me as great an honour as He could command me For whereas from the supreme munificency of Himself and His immortal Ancestors I have and inherit several possessions and dignities but of which other men might also be equally capable may it be spoken without vanity the Sun only that posts on a daily Embassage betwixt both Your Dominions can justly dispute the precedence with me in this Employment So that having been thus farr made a partaker and witness of the Glorie and Serenity of Your Imperial Majestie which may it long continue I can have nothing further in my wishes than that You will still vouchsafe me the same favour toward the happy expedition of His most Serene Majesties affaires for the mutual Advantage of both Your Crowns and the good of posterity Unto which ends as I am bound by all the Obligations of dutie to my most Gracious Prince Lord and Master so shall I bring all the affection Zeale and diligence which may befit so laudable an undertaking In order to which I doubt not but Your Imperial Majestie likewise will appoint me such Commissioners as shall bring the same â—andor and inclination together with â—hat dispatch and expedition which is necessary for the furthering of so great â—nd good a design My Lord Ambassador having made an end of his speech which was well approved of His Tzarskoy Majestie told him that he would do him the honor to let him kisse His hand therefore he went up again to the Throne and kissed His hand according to the custom of Christian Ambassadors For it is a ceremonie that they must be subject to in this Court though indeed it is a thing much inferior to the dignity of an Ambassador who under that Character should rather keep themselves equal with the Princes Majestie than to condescend to such a low submission Nor do I doubt but that my Lord Ambassador had rather accepted of such a condition as they put to Infidels Ambassadors who are not admitted to the performance of this Ceremonie because the Tzar counts it a great favour and therefore He does reserve it only for Christians He did also the same honour to my Lord his Gentlemen who all kissed his hand decently and in good order while his Excellency sate upon a forme that his Tzarskoy Majestie Himself called for to that purpose The mean while there was a Boyar to uphold the Tzars right hand that was kissed lest He should come to be tired and with the left hand He held His heavy Scepter In this conjuncture my Lord recommanded from the King to his Tzarskoy Majestie Sir John Hebdon who was come along with my Lord from England where he had been of late his Tzarskoy Majesties Agent And therefore because being in that employment he had bestowed a great care and prudence in promoting the common good of both Crowns His Majestie thought fit to acquaint upon this occasion his Tzarskoy Majestie with the singular esteem He had for his person These are the words my Lord spoke in the said Knights behalf as he was stepping next to my Lord of Morpeth to kisse the Tzars hand This Gentleman saies he is I suppose well known to Your Imperial Majestie He hath done Your Imperial Majestie very good service in the Court of England and therefore his Majestie hath a particular esteeme for him and has commanded me to recommend him more particularly when I shall next have the honour to be admitted to Your Imperial presence The Gentlemen having all kissed the Tzars hand the Presents that were sent by the hundred and thirty men came in and passed in very good order on one side of the great pillar and so went about into a room next to the hall Thereupon my Lord Ambassador stood up and said to his Majestie His most Sèrene Majestie hath sent a Present as a token of His affection to Your Imperial Majestie which whatsoever it is the value thereof will be multiplied by the kind acceptance of Your Imperial Majestie The First thing that came in was a Gun of King Charles the First and therefore his Excellencie presented it with this Compliment This Gun was delivered to me by his Majesties own hand being excellent in its kind the same which his Royal Father of blessed and glorious memorie used to
opposed it self so obstinately against his Lordship I know no other reason but because his Lordship acted with much Zeal and Vigour for the Interest of the King and his Subjects and because he would not prostitute the dignity of his Office to the ridiculous pride of a Stolnick or a Boyar nor patiently endure several disobligations in their manner of proceeding In the Courts of Sweden and Denmark during our small Residence amongst them it was clear otherwise For there his Excellence received all manner of satisfaction being laden with praise and honour and in short used with as much kindness and respect as could be expected from two Nations whose Politeness and Vrbanity are clear different from the Humour of the Moscovite So that in changing of Climates we found also a great difference of Humours From whence it is easy to be seen that if the Court of Moscovy were not favourable to my Lord Ambassador it was only Prepossession and Interest which hindered them from making a right estimate both of his person and affair For it is most certain his Excellency employed all imaginable endeavors and that nothing obstructed them but a fatal Pertinacity in those that treated with him This being in general the nature and success of these Embassies the first makes the greatest part of my history for the other two Embassies being speedily performed affoard but little matter besides the Complements which the Ambassador made in the behalf of his Royal Master to the Kings and Queens of Sweden and Denmark But the thing that concludes this Work is an Apology presented by his Excellency soon after his return to London against the pretensions of those Ambassadors whom the Tzar had sent to the King after the first Embassy to complain of his Excellencies comportment in that Court. In this Apology his Lordship gives for his justification a large Narrative of the manner both of his own proceeding and of that of the Moscovites towards him to the Russ Ambassadors confusion who had laid an hainous charge against him Thus having given here a general account of these Embassies I leave the perusing of the whole Work to the Reader intending to have it shortly published also in French the Copy being now ready for the Press ERRATA PAge 25. last line read of this Entry p. 32. l. 5. for they change r. there are some Gourds that change p. 37. 23. r. with one small oar p. 43. l. 4. r. tops l. 10. for furr r. felt p. 56. l. 7. r. than they do p. 60. l. 24. r. short sighted p. 65. l. 27. r. illuminated p. 68. last l. r. Altin p. 83. l. 26. r. streets p. 93. l. 21. dele and l. 29. r. Shousca p. 104. l. 2. r. fell l. 20. r. which p. 118. l. 15. r. fumosi p. 120. l. 22. r. Me. p. 151. l. 25. r. amazed p. 159. l. 26. r. Indiâ p. 160. l. 9. r. subjungit p. 177. l. 6. r. great Prince p. 180. l. 12. r. himself p. 215. l. 27. r. Serena p. 228. l. 25. r. remotis p. 235. l. 1. r. tam longam p. 239. l. 6. r. nisi p. 242. l. 26. r. recensere p. 243. l. 4. r. que p. 245 l. 23. r. excedere and last l. r. dixerint p. 253. l. 23 r. Tzarskoy Majesty p. 288. l. 11 for and r. from p. 309. l. 3. dele and p. 315 l. 1 r. intuitu p. 325 l. 16 for re r. ne p. 354. l. 14. r. that friendship p. 357 l. 2 r. contribuere and l. 11. r. effusissimam p. 367 l. 1. for who r. and his Majesty p. 384. l. 12 for only r. But not far from it p. 392 ◠13. r. constitutae p. 396. l. 14. after Queen r. his Excellency received p. 417. l. 2. r. afflaverint Having seen the Relation of my Embassies into Moscovy Sweden and Denmark written by G. M. I do hereby give him leave to print and publish the same Carlisle The 30. of November 1668. Licensed March the 26. 1669 Roger L' Estrange The Table THe Occasion of these Embassies Pag. 1 2 The whole extent of the Voiage Pag. 5 Of our Voiage from London to Archangel Pag. 6 Of the Embassadors Entry into Archangel Pag. 23 The Description of Muscovy Pag. 26 The Russes Origine Pag. 39 Their Shape and Proportion Pag. 39 Their Habits Pag. 40 Their Language Pag. 43 Their Nature and Genius Pag. 44 Their manner of living in oeconomy Pag. 49 Their Women have great respect for their Husbands Pag. 51 How they use Bath-stoves which are very common amongst them Pag. 53 Ther manner of Divertisements Pag. 54 Under what Policy they live and what kind of Government they have Pag. 56 The Greatness Riches and absolute Power of their Tzar Pag. 58 The great Humility his Subjects express to him Pag. 60 Three general Maxims whereby the Russians are kept under a strict Discipline Pag. 61 What kind of Magistrates the Tzar keeps under him Pag. 66 Their Law-suits are quickly dispatched Pag. 67 Their manner of punishment Pag. 67 Their Coyn Pag. 68 What time they begin their day and their year Pag. 69 Their Religion Pag. 70 Of the Embassadors Stay at Archangel and how unmannerly his Pristaf shewed himself when first he received him Pag. 79 A short Description of the Samojedes Pag. 83 The Preparations for our Voiage to Vologda Pag. 85 Of his Excellences Voiage from Archangel to Vologda Pag. 86 A passage therein of a rude and stubborn Governour of a Province Pag. 90 Of the Ambassadors residence in Vologda Pag. 95 How ill we were used there some three or four weeks Pag. 96 97 Of our Journey from Vologda to Mosco in sledges Pag. 107 Our preparations for our Entry into Mosco Pag. 113 The description of the Entry about which the Embassador received two or three affronts and the Letter he sent thereupon to the Great Duke Pag. 115 A Description of Mosco Pag. 135 The maner of our living there Pag. 139 The preparations for the Audience the presents from the King to the Great Duke and how my Lord went to the Pallace Pag. 143 The Pomp and splendor of that Court as we saw it at this Audience Pag. 147 The Speech which the Embassador made in the name of the King his Master to the Grand Duke Pag. 164 Some remarkable passages of this Audience after the Speech was ended Pag. 180 Another short Audience two days after Pag. 184 The beginning of my Lords Negotiation with six Lords Commissioners whom the Tzar had appointed him Pag. 185 The unexpected answer given to his Excellency about his business Pag. 248 Some smart Replyes since given on both sides Pag. 196 A Speech said at a Private Audience by my Lord Ambassador to the Tzar about the ill success of his business Pag. 248 His Excellence demanded Reparation from Pronchiss of one of his Pristafs and one of the Commissioners as having affronted him in several points Pag. 278 Some other passages of
the Negotiation Pag. 280 The Ambassadors Complement to the Great Duke when he took his leave of him Pag. 288 Some Memorable Passages that had hapned besides during our residence at Mosco and first the description of a Feast which the Tzar had made us Pag. 290 A Narrative of a noble Procession on Palm-sunday Pag. 295 Three several Conflagrations we saw in a little time Pag. 301 A Duel between one of my Lords Domesticks and a Scotch man an Officer in the Tzars Militia Pag. 302 How the Embassador refused the Presents which the Tzar sent him Pag. 302 Of his Excellences Journey from Mosco to Riga Pag. 306 A new business that fell out about Calthof at our departure from Mosco and the Letter my Lord Embssador sent to Mosco since about it which angered the Tzar very much upon occasion of a ridiculous mistake on their side Pag. 313 The danger we were in to be robbed at the Frontiers and how we were conveyed by 500 souldiers by the care of the Governour of Plesco Pag. 322 Another Letter sent by my Lord from Plesco about Calthof Pag. 324 How his Excellence was met at the Frontiers by two Swedish Officers sent from Riga by the Governour General of Livonia Pag. 332 A short Description of Livonia or Lifland Pag. 332 Of the Embassadors Entry into Riga and his Residence there Pag. 338 Of our Voiage from Riga to Stockholme Pag. 342 Of his Excellences Entry into Stockholme Pag. 349 Of our Residence at Stockholme wherein is contained a Description of the City Pag. 351 The Audience Pag. 353 My Lords Negotiation Pag. 361 Some Particular Passages during our stay in this Court Pag. 362 My Lords last Audience Pag. 368 Of our Voiage from Stockholme to Copenhagen Pag. 375 Of our Residence at Copenhagen wherein is contained a Description of the City Pag. 384 The Audience Pag. 385 My Lords Negotiation Pag. 400 Some particular Passages during our stay in this Court Pag. 406 My Lords last Audience Pag. 413 Of his Excellences Voiage from Copenhagen to London Pag. 424 My Lords Apology against the Russ Ambassador Pag. 535 FINIS A RELATION Of Three EMBASSIES From his Sacred Majesty CHARLES II. Into MOSCOVY SWEDEN And DENMARK Performed in the Years 1663 and 1664. THe most Serene and most Mighty Prince CHARLES the SECOND King of Great Britain c. being happily â—estored to His Dominions which the malice â—nd iniquity of this age had deprived him â—f His Alliance which had been interrupted â—uring his misfortunes was by the rest of the â—hristian Princes immediately re-desired To which end their several Ambassadors were disâ—atched with extraordinary Pomp and Splenâ—our sutable to the Dignity and Grandeur of â—im it had pleased God to restore But amongst all the Princes of Europe that by their congratulations of his Re-establishment seemed ardently to aspire at His Alliance the Tzar of Moscovy had the most equitable pretentions For besides that admirable Sympathy which has been so long time betwixt the Kings of England and the great Dukes of Moscovy Alexey Michailovitz the present Duke had so great an abhorrency of the murther of King CHARLES the First that he resolved in some measure to revenge it upon the English Company at Archangel whom he looked upon as assertors if not associates in the Rebellion And as a certain instance of the constancy of his affection he no sooner understood the calamities Our present King was reduced to but he assisted him immediately with a considerable sum of money From hence it was that his Majesty gave his Ambassadors so great a Reception as made the Friendship he had for that great Monarch conspicuous to all the World And it was this Embassage from the Tzar and those from the Kings of Sweden and Denmark that gave occasion to his Majesty of Great Britain to return these which are the present matter of this Relation The first Embassy was addressed to the Great Duke of Moscovy The second to the King of Sweden The third to the King of Denmark It is true the first had beside That a peculiar subject of Importance touching Commerce at Archangel in Moscovie viz. To obtain a re-establishment of the Priviledges of the English Company which consisted in this That the Merchants of this Kingdom did formerly trade into that place without paying any Impost Which Immunity was but a generous recompence that one of the former Dukes Ivan Basilovitz made the English for their discovery of that Port and introduction of so considerable a Commerce thither The present Great Duke had vacated these Priviledges in the time of the late Rebellion in England because conceiving the Merchants complices in that rebellion he esteemed them unworthy of his favour therefore of enjoying any longer these Immunities The Company having since that time to the happy Return of his Majesty been deprived of their Priviledges the King by this Embassage desired things might be restored to their former state and that upon two principal considerations One because his Subjects for whose rebellion they were taken away were returned again to their obedience The other because these very Priviledges were the basis and foundation upon which the Amity betwixt the two Crowns of England and Moscovy were superstructed And these were two fundamental Reasons that were strong enough to induce his Majesty to hope for success in his Demand but he could expect no less from the generosity and promise of the Tzar Yet He was flatly refused as if the Tzars kindness had been already quite exhausted The Earle of Carlisle to whom the King encharged these Embassies was without contradiction in all respects proper for the employment For besides that he was of a comely and advantageous stature a Majestick mine and not above four and thirty years of age he had a peculiar grace and vivacity in his discourse and in his actions a great promptitude and diligence In a word he was adorned with all perfections that could render a man acceptable and especially with those that were requisite for the discharge of so important an affair Gratior est pulchro veniens è corpore virtus Virg. His Train consisted of near fourscore persons amongst which he had ten Gentlemen six Pages two Trumpets and twelve Footmen He had also a Chaplain several Interpreters a Chirurgeon six Musicians besides many Tradesmen that were very necessary in Moscovy And forasmuch as his Excellence was to begin that way the circle of his Embassies to the end he might come back by Liefland into Sweden by Sweden into Denmark and from thence come into England before his departure he provided himself of all such necessary things as Russia could scarce afford So that besides the Liveries which were made at London he was also forced to provide himself of Beds Chairs and even of all Kitchin-moveables only the Chimney excepted and that would have been too most serviceable in several places Besides these his Majesty provided his Excellency with a magnificent Canopy of red
covering of his sledge was of scarlet whose edges hanging down very low were guarded round about with crowns made of little peices of sky coloured velvet edged with silver lace and the back of his sledge was drest up with the skin of a white Bear On the right side of his sledge upon a plank layd cross sate his chief interpreter with his head uncovered behind there was another board layd at the bottom of the sledge on which there stood two Pages the twelve footmen in the mean time marching six of a side with Partisons trim'd according to their Liveries one behind another and all bare Behind his Excellence followed my Lord Vicomte Morpeth the Ambassadors only Son then of about seventeen years of age who bare his Father company in all his Embassies He sate in a very faire glass coach drawn by six black horses with rich housses of Scarlet very well laced and fringed with silver which upon black shew very handsom and behind his Coach he had two Pages also After my Lord Morpeth came my Lady Ambassadress in her Caftnaz covered on the out side all over with Crimson velvet with very broad laces of gold and silver and lined within with blew damaske according to the Liveries which were red lined with blew On each side there were great windows which served as doors to go in at besides which there were little windows also which her Ladiship might looke thorow without being seen her selfe she had one of her Gentle-women in the Caftnaz with her two Pages standing upon a plank behinde and three footmen running by After my Ladies Caftnaz came my Lord of Morpeths sledg but without any body in it after which there followed two Caftnazes more and so in order all the rest of the train and baggage which made up about two hundred sledges A while after we had left this Village which was about two a clock we entred into a very faire champaigne in which the Moscovian horse were drawne up and had been two days there putting into Order Amongst the rest they had a great Number of Archers with their Quivers full of arrows and for their Musique there were so many Trumpets Kettle-drums Howboys and other such instruments of war which they had disperst in parties thorow all their Troops that for two miles we were in no want of Musique But they having battered our ears with one continued aire above two hours together all the way as we marcht the noise of those Instruments which at first had delighted us with their melody became now obstreperous and troublesome In the mean time there were a great number of Boyars of Stolnicks and other persons of the Court which came to meet the Ambassador richly clad in Vests or Tuniques of cloth of gold and silver or velvets lined with Sables with great caps on their heads of black Fox made in the fashion of a Muff which they use commonly in their Ceremonies They were most of them very well mounted upon good horses with rich trappings and bridles of silver made like chains with the linkes very broad and thin so that whilst their horses were in motion they made a noise altogether Majestique There were severall also who had their housses covered with pretious stones whose lustre seemed to adde a richer light to the light of the day and behinde them they had their servants carrying covers for their sadles of Leopard skins cloth of gold velvet and scarlet All the Gentlemen of the Tzars chamber were there ready to accompany the Ambassador to his very house At length the Master of the great Dukes horse came to present to the Ambassador from the Tzar a sledg another for my Lord Morpeth with several white horses for the Gentlemen A while after came Pronchissof one of the Tzars Counsel and Gregory Cosmevitz along with him who were both deputed to serve his Excellence as Pristafs or Masters of the Ceremonies during his residence in Mosco And in this occasion it was we had another ridiculous example of the pride and rusticity of the Moscovites who are so quick and precise in anticipating the Prerogative of Ambassadors Pronchissof being arrived within some small distance of the Ambassadors sledg gave him to understand that he was sent to receive him from the grand Duke his Lord and that he expected the Ambassador should first come out of his sledg But his Excellence signified to him by his Interpreter that his expectations were very ill grounded that he represented the person of the King his Master and that in that case all such Kind of respect was due to himself Pronchissof however continued unmoveable in his sledg as a Master of Ceremonies and sent back to the Ambassador that he also was sent from the Tzar his Master to represent his person so that to have seen him one would have thought he had taken upon him the forme of a statue to represent the Majesty of his Prince This answer how absurd soever it was caused several smart replies both on one side and the other till at last the Ambassador to prevent any further delay in his Entrance condescended to this That they should both of them come out of their sledges together But in this Pronchissof tooke occasion to deceive his Excellence and falsify his word hanging in the aire betwixt the armes of his servants and but touching the earth with his tiptoes whilst the Ambassador came out freely At their meeting they saluted one another and Pronchissof first delivered his complement which consisted in declaring his Employment and acquainting his Excellence that the Tzar had sent him and his associate Gregory Cofmovitz who was there present also to take care that all things necessary should be provided during his continuance at Mosco But the greatest part of his complement was the recitation of his Masters Titles which he enumerated from the first to the last in a most troublesome and ridiculous maner as will appeare hereafter His complement being made and the Ambassador having answered him with a very good grace they retired both of them into their sledges Pronchissof returning in the same posture he came his servants holding him up by his armes as if they were afraid he should sinke under the burthen of the emploiment which his Master had given him At this time Nestrof and Davidof giving place to Pronchissof and Gregory Cosmovitz the new Pristafs took their leaves of the Ambassador After which Ceremonies we disposed our selves to enter into the Town the Ambassador having Pronchissof on his right hand and Cosmovitz on his left my Lord Morpeth had two Lords of the Court to accompany him so that in every ranke there were three sledges a breast The Gentlemen were all on horseback betwixt Sinboyars or Gentlemen of the Court The Chaplaine Physitian and Musique-Master with several English Merchants and two Vallets de Chambre were joyned with them so that they made up about five and twenty ranks on horse-back marching three a breast All
And therefore finding himself now stated by his Almighty Grace and Providence in full fruition of all the blessings that can crown a Sovereign head he hath chosen this as the most fortunate hour to salute so great an Emperour Friend and Brother and to congratulate and augurate to your Imperial Majesty a perpetuity of the same or if it may be greater happiness For if Victory over Enemies obedience of Subjects and multitude of Friends be as doubtless they are the greatest strength and ornaments of the Regal Throne certainly his most serene Majesty having been a miracle of courage and aequanimity in his adverss fortune is at this day a greater miracle of prosperity For as for Enemies none hath provoked or tried his power but those infamous Pirates of Algier Enemies of Christianity and mankind whom therefore at two thousand miles distance he blocked up in their own dens destroyed their ships battered their forts rescued the captives and forced those miscreants to his own conditions For his subjects they have gladly assisted to the punishment of those Traytors and Tyrants which so long oppressed and misled them and with so much more veneration and duty do pay their homage unto their natural most Gracious Sovereign and have with their ancient loyalty washed out the staines of the late Rebellion And for Friends as he hath no Christian Prince at enmity with him so is there scarce any of them but have addressed themselves to him by extraordinary Embassages and have upon their desires been received into his nearer Alliance Covenanting first to deliver up as they have done those detestable fugitives who were imbrued in the blood of his most glorious Father And if after all these things there were leisure to discourse of the largeness of his Dominions he hath to his Hereditarie Kingdoms in Europe Himself added several Provinces in Asia Africa and America beyond whatever was acquired by his immortal Ancestors The Sea is his Bridge betwixt so distant Territories and as oft as he pleases his Navies do carry a moveable Frontire to all the habitable World so that the Fame of his former afflictions hath not been heard so farr as his present Dominions extend But though the Extent of Empire be consonant to the greatness of his mind the Government of subjects natural to his Prudence and Justice and Victory over Enemies must needs be gustable to the height of his Courage yet he a Prince so well exercised in the vicissitude of humane affaires could even disrelish Victory because it tasts of blood and relax his Government rather than it should oppress the liberty of mankind and looks upon whatsoever Extent of Dominion but as a confinement of those more capacious thoughts wherewith he adores the Author of all these mercies Nor values he himself therofore so much upon all these things though in themselves excellent and desirable not upon the largeness of his Territories nor the tranquillity of his Kingdoms nor the fortunateness of his Armes in comparison of the constancy of his Friends He hath himself been fashioned to it by experience and is by nature all made up of friendship Nor should I have made this defective rehearsal of things so universally known did not the commemoration of his present Greatness shew him to be the more considerable Friend and imply the gratitude he professes to those his Friends who formerly made his adversity more tolerable and do now give the truest season and sweetness to his better fortune And among all those Friends who can be preferred or who indeed is comparable to your Imperial Majesty For whether his most Serene Majesty consider the Greatness of the Prince the ancientness of Alliance or freshness of Obligations what Tree is there that spreads a deeper root or sheds a greener shade or beares a fruit more delicious His most Serene Majesty himself useth with much delight to discourse among us who have the honour to be nearest his Sacred Person how above an hundred yearâ— ago one of his Royal Ancestors Edward the fixth did out of an heroical mind man out his ships to trace out the limits of the World and joyn the most distant and unknown Nations by intercourse These were they that first discovered the vastness of the Northern Ocean counted till then unnavigable who as the Children of Israel with a pillar of fire by night so were conducted by a pillar of continual day through that wilderness of waters unto this your Empire They may justly be said to have invented the true use of the load stone and that supernatural needle then first rested at the finding out of your northern principalities to which it had pointed in vain for so many ages Having escaped the hazards of the sea they were yet in danger twice to be lost first in the remaining journy through so spacious Dominions and then in the brightness of that Majesty which they expected not out of their own Country But they were not only refreshed as it was seasonable by the courtesy of the then Emperour but received moreover from his munificency and as a reward of the trade then first opened and introduced on that side of your World those Immunities and priviledges from which thence forward both the Nations have reaped no small Advantage And ever since a most sincere and hereditary Amity hath been transmitted between the Successors of both Princes from Father to Son unto your Majesties now reigning 'T was much about that time that other Princes had sent out their Navies likewise for new discoveries The Portuguez found out and conquered in the East-Indies the Land of pearls and spices though none so orient or fragrant as what his present Majesty of Portugal hath deposited by the side of my most Serene Lord and Master The Spaniard in the West-Indies seized upon the mines of Gold and Silver So that when nothing of value seemed left for the Kings of England they found what was more adequate to the desires of Princes who neither needed nor coveted further Empire a Friend And his most Serene Majesty is wont to say that his was the best lot of the three and that he would not change his Friend of an hundred years for the Treasure of both the Indies And He adds for reason his own Experiment forasmuch as when his Subjects were generally revolted His Friends as it is usual most of them failed and when it seemed that Heaven and Earth had conspired his ruine while they were but contriving his happiness He was then not only readily assisted by your Imperial Majesty but the addresses of the Usurpers rejected and your protection withdrawn from all who might seem any way tainted with the infection of that disloyaltie And therefore his most Serene Majesty as he hath readily repayed into the hands of your Imperial Ambassador those sums with which you did then pleasure him so will he always retain deposited in the most sacred recess of his Royal heart and transmit to his Successors the memory of
shoot in and which as a Relique of that renowned Prince he thought could not be better dedicated than to the hands of Your Imperial Majestie Next to the Gun came a paire of Pistolets whereupon my Lord spoke again That pair of Pistolets saith he his Majestie delivered me also with his own hand commanding me to excuse their oldness which he thought would not make them less acceptable when You knew they where those with which after so long adversity He rid in His triumphant Entry into His Metropolitan City of London The Plate came next to those Pistolets and in the first place a great silver-guilt Basin supported upon two mens armes so all the rest passed by without stopping next to the Tzars the presents allowed for the two Princes then the Queenes present to the Dutchess and at last my Lord Ambassadors Thus ended the Audience and my Lord being brought home was treated as it is usual in that Court at Audience-daies with the Tzars own meat and it was therefore sent presently from the Palace There was about an hundred dishes brought publickly in order with good store of wine brandy and meade His Majestie sent also one private Boyar to take a care of all the Ceremonies that were to be observed but the greatest Ceremonie being to drink many healths he made sure to have every health written in a bill in the same order as the Tzar had appointed him His Excellency sate at the middle of the table upon his chair of State at his right hand was my Lord of Morpeth and at his left Sir John Hebdon both at each end of the table so that they were prettie distant from my Lord Ambassador the Moscovites sate together at the other side of the table which was square and crosswise set My Lord having furnished his own plates took occasion to make use himself alone of a dozain of silver-guilt plates he had but the Boyars not liking that Ceremonie seemed to look upon it with a jealous eye yet his Excellency kept them as cheerful as he could both by his graceful presence of spirit and the sweetness of his Musick The Boyar who directed the feast did also play his part with his healths holding the paper in his hand and presently begun his great Lords good health Though indeed I think he liked farr better the King of Englands for my Lord Ambassador presented him with the cup wherein he drunk it being of silver-guilt wherewith he was so much taken that he scarce minded any thing else and so went away with it The 13. of February my Lord had again Audience of the Tzar and also his first Conference with the Commissioners appointed by his Tzarskoy Majestie We went in the same order and manner as we did the first time but my Lord Ambassador was led into another hall much handsomer than the first the inner-roof being fairely guilt with very good pictures there were also fair windows and very rich tapestrie The Tzar was upon a little Throne not above two steps over the ground yet having still the Crown upon his head and the Scepter in his hand and at his right hand there was the Imperial Globe This Audience being a little private and therefore not so copious of Boyars the Tzar inquired of the Ambassadors health and told him besides that having caused the Kings Letter to be translated he knew thereby his Majesties desire and that consequently he had appointed six Commissioners amongst his near Boyars and Counsellors to treat with him about his affaires So my Lord did not stay with the Tzar above a quarter of an hour then he stood very near to him but still with his hat off While he was going to the room appointed for the Conference he was met twice by some of their Boyars wearing great gold chaines about them which I thought to be something like those Aethiopian slaves whose chaines were also of gold My Lord being come to the room he and his Commissioners sate together and he delivered them one paper about the Reparation promised in his Tzarskoy Majesties name before he made his Entrance and another concerning the Restitution of the Privileges enjoyed formerly by the English Company Thus was the first paper written FOr as much as the second day after my arrivall at the Yaws but five versts from this Citie notice having been given me by Offonassie Evanovich Nestrof my Pristaff that his Imperial Majestie expected me the next day being the fifth of February in Mosco and that about nine a Clock I should be ready to set forward I was thereupon before the said houre ready accordingly with all my train and equipage to make my solemn Entry into His said Imperial Citie of Mosco but was nevertheless detained in a noisome wisby the whole day without meat or drink for my self or attendants And when at the last order came to my Pristaff I was after having been for an houres time or more led up and down the Fields out of the way to the Citie instead of entring into the Imperial Citie according to appointment lodged in a mean village three miles distant Which indeed was the same evening in the name of his Imperial Majestie excused to me upon the mistake of the Posts and Messengers sent out for direction Whereupon I thought necessarie to write thence to his Imperial Majestie to inform His said Imperial Majestie of what had passed and of my resolution not to stirr out of that place until satisfaction were given me for so great an indignity as it to me appeared And forasmuch as before the answer to the said Letter there was upon the sixth of February sent from his Imperial Majestie to me the Diack of the imperial Cabinet to desire me by any means to make my Entrance the same day and the said Diack promising that all satisfaction should be given me concerning the said indignitie I did therefore accordingly make my Entry into this Citie the said sixth day of February but have not yet received any sufficient account concerning the occasion the manner and the punishment of the said miscarriage as in so weighty a business appertaines And forasmuch as by reason of the said miscarriage I was which I account a damage irreparable detained one whole day longer from the honor and felicity of seeing His Imperial Majestie and am so much the longer withheld from proposing what I have from the King my Master for the good of both Estates And forasmuch as in the eye and discourse of the whole World the honour of the King my Master has thereby exceedingly suffered and will daily more without a satisfaction as publick and notorious as the miscarriage And forasmuch as otherwise I can give no good account to the King my Master to whom I am responsible with my head should I digest any such indignities I therefore desire that his Imperial Majestie will be pleased to command that a perfect narrative in the most authentick manner of the reason of that disorder
of names of the persons criminal both principals and accessory and what example of justice his Imperial Majestie who cannot but be most tender of the honor of a Prince and such a Prince as the King my Master hath shewed upon them may be delivered to me under the hands and seales of the Lords Commissioners for my justification Which I do expect with the most vehement impatiency that I may forthwith proceed into the particulars of that friendly Negotiation In order to which I have leapt over all complaints of lesser moment as not being come to pick quarrels but to cement the most perfect union that ever hath been betwixt the two Crowns unto which God grant an happy success and perfection Given the 13 of February Anno D ni 1663. 4. CARLISLE These were the words of the Second paper WHereas the first foundation of that happy Correspondency and great Amity betwixt the Kings of England and Emperours of Russia was laid in the Privileges granted to the English Merchants by the said Emperours of Russia in regard of the trade first introduced by them by the way of Archangel Whereby not only the Subjects of both Countries and of this Country especially have reaped great advantages but also both Princes and particularly the Emperours of Russia in several great affaires of state and otherwise have had further occasion to receive great assistance and effectual testimonies of friendship from one another His Majestie of England desiring not only to equalize but to excel all His Predecessors in the firmness strictness of brotherly amity intire correspondence with his Imperial Majestie and considering that those first foundations layed by the singular Providence of God and wisdom of the former Princes and which by the duration of so many years have been approved to be most solid and permament are therefore the most proper grounds whereon to raise a building of perpetual Friendship hath therefore commanded me as I do in His name first of all to desire the Restitution of the former Privileges as they were enjoyed in the time of the Father of his Imperial Majestie and in the Reign of his present Imperial Majestie before the taking of them away upon occasion of the late Rebellion in England And these being first granted his Majestie will further manifest by me the great affection which He bears to his Imperial Majestie Given the 13 of February Anno D ni 1663. 4. CARLISLE The 17. my Lord Ambassador had another Conference in the Pallace where his Commissioners read to him their answer to his two papers but refused to give him yet a Copy of it In that answer all things were quite contrary to his expectations so that he thought fit thereupon to speak somewhat hard to them Then it happened that one great casement of the room wherein they were assembled together fell down with such a horrid noise that the Lords Commissioners were quite astonished and wished my Lord had spoken more gently An Interpreter of theirs who was an outlandish man speaking afterwards to that purpose said If saith â—he two or three words of anger of My Lord Ambassador's do so shake off the house how would they tremble if they heard King Charles thundring at their ears with just indignation The 26. Pronchissof brought my Lord Ambassador a Copy of their answer read to him the seventeenth But lest I should tire the Reader with an ill compacted discourse whose stile and meaning are equally rude and unpleasant I shall only tell the substance of it in as few words as I can And first as to the Reparation demanded by my Lord Ambassador in his first paper of 13. of February they say when they have much extolled the greatness of the pomp that was shewn at his Reception which they take to be the most glorious that ever was made in their Court to any Ambassador that the disorder aforesaid happened upon the mistake of the Posts That it was not fit he should make his Entry by night and that his Tzarskoy Majestie had therefore given order that he should lodge that night nearer Mosco so that the next day he might be received betimes with a splendor answerable to his quality And so that so many strangers who lived in Mosco might see by this Reception how great is the Amity which their Great Lord beares to his Majestie and that they might discourse of it in their several Countries But to that they added a thing that surprised very much his Excellency saying that he himself staied also a great while the next day after many Messengers were sent unto him And presently after they make bold to tell him that he ought not to have demanded satisfaction in that place where then he was And at last without any other proofs they only say that those Messengers who accidentally missed their way the first day had been chastised Their answer to the second Paper concerning the Priviledges of the English Company was no less unreasonable they refused them under the following pretences which they alledge for good and solid reasons First of all they say the Priviledges were abolished upon occasion of the late Rebellion of England and that the English Company of Archangel was guilty of it Then they speak of one Luke Nightingale whom they affirm to have been sent secretly to his Tzarskoy Majestie by the late Kings Majestie during the Rebellion to give Him notice of it and to desire Him to abrogate the Priviledges of the English Company as having also put off their Obedience Adding moreover that this same Nightingale had Letters from the King that he was very private with his Royal Majestie â—nd very trustie to Him Besides they tell what this pretended Agent gave the Boyars â—hat treated with him notice of that the Faâ—tors of the English Company had at that time â—roguish design with one Iohn Cartwrite a â—ember of the Company to rob his Tzarskoy Majestie 's Subjects in the East-Countries and â—hat shortly after the said Cartwrite did accomplish his design Whereupon they say that John Hebdon so they call the Knight that I mentioned before was Factor to this same Cartwrite Afterwards they lay an hainous charge against the said Company as that they had not furnished the Tzars treasury with their commodities at the same price they were sold for in England that they had sold prohibited commodities as Tobacco and that besides they offered to take strangers goods to carry them through the Country custome free Lastly they speak of a general complaint made by the Russes Merchants and Tradesmen as if the English Merchants had all the trade themselves and grew thereby very rich in a short time whereas his Tzarskoy Majesties Subjects grew poorer every day They alleadge also that the Merchants who were first nominated for the Priviledges were dead so that it seemes they will have the Priviledges to dy with them After this answer the Commissioners were pleased as if they had a mind thereby to be
the near Boyars and Councellors of his Tzarskoy majesty nor subscribed by my self nor translated into Russe by my Interpreter but only as a piece of curiosity which is now restored me and I am possessed of it so that herein his Tzarskoy majesties near Boyars and Councellors are doubtless ill grounded But again I say concerning the value of the words Illustrissimus and Serenissimus compared together seeing we must here from affaires of State fall into Grammatical contests concerning the Latin tongue that the word Serenus signifieth nothing but still and calm and therefore though of late times adopted into the Titles of great Princes by reason of that benigne tranquillity which properly dwells in the majestick countenance of great Princes and that venerable stillness of all the Attendants that surround them of which I have seen an excellent example when I was in the presence of his Tzarskoy majesty yet is more properly used concerning the calmness of the weather or season So that even the night is elegantly called Serene by the best Authors Cicero in Arato 12. Lucretius l. 1.29 Serena nox and upon perusing again what I have writ in this paper I finde that I have out of the customariness of that expression my self near the beginning said And that most serene night c. Whereas on the contrary Illustris in its proper derivation and signification expresseth that which is all resplendent lightsome and glorious as well without as within and that not with a secondary but with a primitive and original light For if the Sun be as he is the first fountain of light and Poêts in their expressions as is well known are higher by much than those that write in Prose what else is it when Ovid in the 2. of the Metamorphoses saith of Phoebus speaking with Phaêthon Qui terque quaterque concutiens Illustre caput and the Latin Orators as Pliny Ep. 139. When they would say the highest thing that can be exprest upon any subject word it thus Nihil Illustrius dicere possum So that hereby may appear to his Tzarskoy Majesties near Boyars and Counsellors what diminution there is to his Tzarskoy Majesty which farr be it from my thoughts if I appropriate Serenissimus to my Master and Illustrissimus to Him than which nihil dici potest Illustrius But because this was in the time of the purity of the Latin tongue when the word Serenus was never used in the Title of any Prince or Person I shall go on to deale with the utmost candor forasmuch as in this Nation the nicety of that most eloquent language is not so perfectly understood which gives occasion to these mistakes * And indeed there being no literature amongst them they have no occasion to learne the Original Languages so that few of them do understand Latin True it is that in the Court some have the curiosity to learn it as this Golozof who is spoken of before Which gave my Lord occasion to write sometimes in Latin I confess therefore that indeed in the declination of the Latin tongue and when there scarce could be found out words enough to supply the modern ambition of Titles Serenissimus as several other words hath grown in fashion for a compellation of lesser as well as greater Princes and yet befits both the one and the other So there is Serenissima Respublica Veneta Serenitates Electoriae Serenitates Regiae even as the word Highness or Celsitudo befits a Duke a Prince a King or an Emperour adjoyning to it the respective quality and so the word Illustris But suppose it were by modern use which I deny depressed from the undoubted superiority that it had of Serenus in the purest antiquity yet being added in the transcendent degree to the word Emperour the highest denomination that a Prince is capable of it becomes of the same value So that to interpret Illustrissimus unto diminution is to find a positive in a superlative and in the most orient light to seek for darkness And I would seeing the near Boyars and Counsellors of his Tzarskoy Majesty are pleased to mention the Title given to his Tzarskoy Majesty by his Cesarian Majesty gladly be satisfied by them whether ever any Cesarian Majesty writ formerly hither in High-Dutch and whether then they styled his Tzarskoy Majesty Durchluchtigste which is the same with Illustrissimus and which I believe the Caesar hath kept for Himself But to cut short his Royal Majesty hath used the word to his Tzarskoy Majesty in his Letter not out of imitation of others although even in the Dutch Letter to his Tzarskoy Majesty of 16. June 1663. I finde Doorluchtigste the same and said with Illustrissimus but out of the câ—â—stant use of his own Court further joyâ—â—â—â— before it Most High Most Potent and adding after it Great Lord Emperour which is an higher Title than any Prince in the World gives his Tzarskoy Majesty and as high a Title of honour as can be given to any thing under the Divinity For the King my Master who possesses as considerable Dominions and by as high and self-dependent a right as any Prince in the Universe yet contenting Himself with the easiest Titles and satisfying Himself in the essence of things doth most willingly give to other Princes the Titles which are appropriated to them but to the Tzarskoy Majesties of Russia his Royal Ancestors and to his present Tzarskoy Majesty his Royal Majesty himself have usually and do gladly pay Titles even to superfluity out of meer kindness And upon that reason He added the word most Illustrious and so did I use it in the Latin of my speech Yet that You may find I did not out of any criticisme of honor but for distinction sake use it as I did You may see in one place of the same speech Serenitas speaking of his Tzarskoy Majesty and I would have used Serenissimus an hundred times concerning his Tzarskoy Majesty had I thought it would have pleased Him better And I dare promise You that his Majesty will upon the first information from me stile him Serenissimus and I notwithstanding what I have said shall make little difficulty of altering the word in that speech and of delivering it so to You with that protestation that I have not in using that word Illustrissimus erred nor used any diminution which God forbid to his Tzarskoy Majesty but on the contrary after the example of the King my Master intended and shewed him all possible honor And so God grant all happiness to His most high most Potent most Illustrious and most Serene Tzarskoy Majesty and that the friendship may daily increase betwixt His said Majesty and his most Serene Majesty my Master Such was concerning this matter my Lord Ambassadors answer who thought fit also on his side to give them notice seeing they were so scrupulous about the Tzar's Titles to use for the Kings Majesty the Title of Defender of the Faith which hitherto they had alwaies omitted The King
my Master saith he hath one essential Title and which He prizes more than those of all his dominions Defender of the Faith an immemorial indubitable successive Title from his Ancestors and as alwaies heretofore so in His last Letter to his Tzarskoy Majesty He useth it in this Court ever since my coming I think by some inadvertency omitted I desire that in styling his Majesty my Master and in all Letters to Him henceforward it may be inserted according as belongs to Him The nineteenth of March Pronchissof brought to my Lord an answer to his given the 29. of February whereby the Commissioners complain much in the first place that he writ with slighting the honourable orders of his Tzarskoy Majesties forces and with little repute for his Posts Therefore they do not like at all this expression of my Lords where he saies that the nearer one comes to Mosco men are more ignorant of the Roads so that they freely say it was not handsom for him to speak so Moreover they deny the foundation of the Friendship between the two Crowns to be as my Lord said the Grant of the Priviledges but only the mutual Love of both Princes That therefore the Priviledges were taken away by reason of the English Rebellion to his late Majesty and that his present Majesty being in misery his Tzarskoy Majesty comforted Him with Letters and as they are pleased to say furnished him with Bread and Money Whereas His Royal Majesty doth not offer to give their great Lord any assistance against his present Enemies the Pole and the Crim Tartar as had done formerly his Royal Father to his Tzarskoy Majesties Father against Vladislaus King of Poland But besides the wars wherein the Tzar was then engaged and the King 's cold assistance they blame also the English merchants who had lately refused the Tzars Ambassadors in England to lend him money for the war Yet notwithstanding it seemes the Tzar will allow ten English merchants new men such as His Royal Majesty shall think fit to make choice of that should faithfully observe such lawful conditions as should be required of them to drive a free trade after such a time that his Tzarskoy Majesties Warrs cease with John Cassimir King of Poland and the Cham of Crim. Lastly they finde the answer about the Titles to be mighty full of offences and that his Excellency doth much diminish their respect when he saies that they are not fitly grounded Whereas being at Conference with them he called them as they say His Tzarskoy Majesties potent Boyars wise and rightly honourable And that therefore that man is not fit to lay the foundation of things who praises in his words and in his writings dispraises without the truth But as to the first Complaint his Excellency by an answer given in Conference the 22. of March replies that as it is easie to be seen his words are misunderstood and what tended to the honour of all persons that deserve it is by His Commissioners perverted to the slighting of them And whereas they say it was not handsom for him to say that the nearer one comes to Mosco men are more ignorant of the Roads he answers that it seemes they rather undertake to censure him as Judges on the bench than treat with him as Counsellors of his Tzarskoy Majesty That perhaps out of hast to answer his last paper which indeed is a jest put upon them seeing they had been near three weeks about it they had omitted the words As we conceive so that the whole sense would have run thus It was not as we conceive handsome for you to declare At last he still insists upon the satisfaction demanded As for the Reproach which my Lord took very ill of his Tzarskoy Majesties assistance to the King whom their most Wise Prince as they call him furnished with bread his Excellency said he agreed in that with them forasmuch as the Wisest of Princes saith Cast thy bread upon the waters and after many daies thou shalt finde it again as also it hath happened And again he said that only our blessed Saviour could multiply the five loaves That his Majesty hath and will own perpetually that courtesy that he hath in his name declared it and given his thanks in the face of the whole World But this he would minde his Tzarskoy Majesties Boyars and Counsellors that even papers of Obligation are sullied and worn out with too much handling and so is it in regard of the Obligations themselves when men too often repeat their own good actions Concerning the matter of Trade his Excellency tells them that with all becoming thanks for the good intention of his Tzarskoy Majesty he refuses to treat of any such conditions as were in their last proposal having no Commission or Latitude from the King to go less in matter of Trade than the Restitution of the former Priviledges And whereas the Commissioners had pleased to say that his Royal Majesty doth not upon this occasion of wars as his Royal Majesties Father of highly glorious memory who had sent his Collonel Thomas Sanderson with many warlike men to assist his Tzarskoy Majestie Michaelo Phederovich against his Enemy Vladislaus King of Poland his Excellency tells them whether seeing in this and many other expressions they seem to weigh the generous actions of Princes by Salotnicks or ounces they would think it civil in him should he say that his Royal Majesties Father of highly glorious memory lent his Tzarskoy Majesties Father of highly glorious memory besides those men of Sandersons forty thousand Rixdollers and they were repaid even as His present Tzarskoy Majesty lent his present Royal Majesty the same sum and they are repaid And that moreover upon his Tzarskoy Majesties Commission to Sir John Hebdon his present Majestie granted the levying of three thousand horse and foot for his present Tzarskoy Majesty which might have proved as good as either Bread or Treasury and if it were not effected it was not his Royal Majesties fault So that hitherto the obligations are equal As to those offences contained as the Commissioners pretend in the latter part of his Excellencies answer it seemes they fix them all in his saying That they are not well or fitly grounded Which words as oft as they shall have the same occasion to use towards him he doth promise them he shall take it kindly and civilly of them But whereas they say that in Conference with them he called them His Majesties Boyars Velmoshnei wise and rightly honourable his Excellency doth acknowledg that they are indeed wise and rightly honourable but I do not remember saith he that ever I called you Velmoshnei as fearing that it came too near the word Velmoshneshei that is to say most potent one of the proper Titles of his Tzarskoy Majesty Although if according to the custom of this Court it may be given you I shall heartily pay it to you and all other expressions of civility esteem and affection
my Father had at that time for reason of State desired the taking of them away whereas to the contrary He blessed Prince even to His last breath prayed and laboured for the good of His subjects and even as to this matter had prepared a Letter which I yet preserve among His other Reliques wherein He desires of your Tzarskoy majesty the Restitution of the privileges and disavowes Nightingale as an Impostor but had He I say then desired they might be revoked I also do now desire they may be restored The Merchants are complained of for several miscarriages contrary to the condition of the Privileges None of those miscarriages are verifyed but however I ordered my Ambassador to provide against the possibility of any such thing for the future and I my self should also have been a severe Inspector of any such default as intrenching highly upon mine own honour But the Goses and all the Tradesmen of Russia petitioned that the English were become rich by these Privileges and Your Majesties subjects were impoverished How is it then that your Tzarskoy majesty said in your Letter above mentioned that much happiness peace and tranquillity had accrued to both Dominions why do they not also against the Privilege which is enjoyed by the Dutch why not against the Cupshins of Persia for some of these in the mean time have privilege while the English are totally debarred it did the privileges impoverish the Country I should be glad to hear that since they were taken away which hath been time long enough to make an experiment the Country hath thereby grown richer But for my Subjects though if by honest industry they could grow rich they are rather to be commended Yet to the contrary neare thirty of them within this thirty years are undone by the Trade having brought considerable estates into your Dominions The English Merchants to whom the Privileges were granted are dead One of them is still living however which is so enough to continue the claim of the inviolable Tzarskoy privilege and though all were dead I understand it to have been granted to their Successors and I have given my Ambassador order to name new In other Countries every where strangers pay double custome How comes it then that the English Merchants Adventurers pay no custome in Holland and have besides free houses given them and freedom from excise and all other immunities denyed their own subjects That likewise they have the same privileges and pay no custome at Hamburgh in which places the English drive a much greater trade than here Do not the English Merchants not only pay no custom themselves but divide the customes of all other Nations with the Shagh of Persia at His Port of Ormus Do the English also impoverish all those Countries But then your Tzarskoy Majesty hath warre with the Crim and the Pole Your Tzarskoy majesty must pardon me if at this reason and considering most of those before which are in a manner word for word what was returned by the Messenger of that Usurper Cromwel I find my self something moved Were there therefore no warrs when the English privileges were first granted by Tzar Jvan Basilovich were there never in all the times they have been since enjoyed If your Tzarskoy majesty hath such Enemies that seem so considerable to you will it hurt you to continue me your Friend And is six thousand rubles yearly that is three thousand pounds which is the uttermost the English customes have amounted to since the cassing of the privileges is it I say so necessary a summe to so great a Prince for the carrying on of his wars that the effects of my friendship and the commerce of the English Nation cannot countervail it But I denyed your Tzarskoy Majesty the loan of mony I hope so impossible a summe to the greatest Prince of Christendome to advance on the sudden being I may name it to your Tzarskoy majesty ten thousand Poods of silver to the value of above thirty hundred thousand Rubles was not demanded on purpose to have a pretext to deny the privileges and by proposing an impossibility to refuse what is rational The less the Courtesie is asked the greater disobligation not granted and posterity which sits in judgement upon the memory of the greatest Princes will not so much blame Me for excusing so much as You for denying so little Your Tzarskoy majesty surely received from your own Ambassadors my Answer to that particular And the Merchants of the Muscovia Company refused a much less summe to Your Ambassadors Truly the former Merchants named in the privileges were dead all except one these now living have been impoverished and disinabled by the want of the privileges this seventeen years and Evan Zelobuskey offered them but ill security for the money an Obligation that it should never be that they should trade without custome These it seemes are the reasons with which they strive to shake to use your Tzarskoy majesties own expressions that brazen wall which hath stood so many years built by the wisdome of our Ancestors and now leaning upon the stability of Your own Princely promise and shall such Pellets be able to ruine it Have I for this sent mine own ship into the sound to fetch your Ambassadors Have I lodged them in the Palace of one of my greatest Princes layd them in mine own beds mine own hangings and treated them continually in mine own Vessel Have I done them the honor to enter in my Coach within the gate of my Court given them private Audience my self as oft as they desired it and as frequent Conferences with my Counsel as they pleased I repent it not I reproach it not I bear more honour to your Tzarskoy majesty my loving Brother than to do so But I doubt that some of them have not truly informed You of all the honour they received much more than I tell You. Have I not after this sent Ambassador to You my Cosin and whatsoever may have been told You to the contrary my privy Counsellor and that ever since my return into England one of the principal Noblemen of Our Kingdomes descended of Thomas Duke of Norfolk Charles Earle of Carlisle Viscount Howard de Morpeth Baron Dacre of Gillesland Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Comberland and Westmorland having destinated him not only for this Ambassy but to have been my perpetual Remembrancer could I have been forgetful of any thing that tended to your Service Have I committed to him the secret of my heart in all things wherein I might pleasure you and shall your Tzarskoy majesty by him refuse me so small and perhaps the only thing which ever I can have occasion to ask of you the Privileges This indeed would repent me for the World will take more notice of it then can stand with Mine and Your honor and it will be the subject of much discourse and wonder when men shall consider what advantages this your Tzarskoy Crown hath recived from time to
time from my Predecessors They discovered the port and opened you the Trade and Market of all Europe at Archangel They fought your Enemies ships in the Eastern-seas when the Princes there adjacent had leagued together to shut up the Narve and delivered the prisoners to the Russian Governours at the Narve They lent summs of mony for the wars they furnished Souldiers and Commanders to fight your Enemies they made peace for you with neighbour Princes They suffered the Merchants to supply the Country in the times of great dearth with corn who sold it to the Nation â—t the rate it cost them and several other things to be transported hither for your accommodation in peace or warr prohibited to all other Nations I could mention yet an higher Obligation than all these upon the desire of one of your Tzarskoy Ancestors were it so seasonable to relate it And I my self who ordered my Ambassador to tell You that herein I desired to exceed all my Ancestors yet am refused the Privileges the purchase of my Subjects industry and their vast expense and great losses in finding out and carrying on the Trade to this present I my self at my first coming to the Crown granted to Sir John Hebdon without Credentials three thousand horse and foot of the flower of the English forces for Your service which what they can do and are let the world witness And had your Ambassadors either demanded any thing of me but an unproportionable and unseasonable summe of mony or had they but acquainted me with the posture of your Tzarskoy majesties affaires in any measure You should not have found me wanting However before I sent my Ambassador over I did my best to inform my self otherwise I found that the Pole was likely still to molest You and that notwithstanding the late Peace with Sweden some points remained yet undecided Reflecting upon which I thought for the reasons Your Majestie knowes as concerning the Pole that he would not think me a competent Mediator betwixt You seeing besides that the King of Poland only hath not yet sent me any Ambassage to congratulate my happy Return For the Swede I saw no reason why mine interposition betwixt your Tzarskoy majesty and Him might not be acceptable and seasonable on all sides if your Tzarskoy majesty â—hought it necessary to quench any parks of contention before they broke â—ut further Moreover I consider the opportunity that I have and shall always of assisting You with Commanders and Souldiers ships armour and ammunition against any Enemies You might have for the future and the influence and authority that I should have from time to time with most Princes of Europe or out of Europe that could annoy You for the composing of any differences And upon all these things I had given such order as I thought fitting to my Ambassador And doubtless considering mine own Obligations to your Tzarskoy majesty and the promise I had made You in mine own Letter formerly which I took my self bound to accomplish and the choice of the person of my Ambassador You would not have found me ungrateful in any thing of this or other nature which could not occurre to me Having represented these words as from his Royal majesties own mouth to your Tzarskoy majesty it becomes me not to continue them with any of mine own further than to desire that your Tzarskoy majesty will seriously and speedily according to your great prudence wherewith God hath inspired You reflect upon them and give me a quick dispatch one way or other that I may not lose the very first season of the year to depart hence as his Royal majesty hath given me positive order Given at Mosco 22. April 1664. CARLISLE This speech being thus ended my Lord Ambassador added four Memorials which he gave also in writing but in a paper by it self Three of them were against Pronchissof who endeavoured by all meanes to obstruct my Lords affaires and to make him odious to this Court. It seemes he had told my Lord that his Royal Majesties affaires were in a dangerous and weak condition so that my Lord being confident that he had strove to instil this false report into the Tzars ear thought himselfe bound upon this occasion to inform his Tzarskoy Majesty that what he said therein was contrary to the truth and maliciously invented by Enemies of his Royal Majesty and that the King was in as good condition of quiet at home and power abroad as any Prince in Christendom Another time the same Pronchissof told my Lord Ambassador at his house in the presence of Dementè Bashmacof and of a Colonel van Staden their Interpreter that it was reported his Excellency had received a great summe of mony of the Merchants to recover the Privileges and upon the effecting thereof was to receive yet greater from the said Merchants whereupon my Lord requiring his author he would or could name none so that his Excellency took him for the Author himself as it was very likely Therefore upon this occasion he acquainted the Tzar with it and desired his Majesty to cause Reparation to be given him by the said Pronchissof for so malicious and high a slander Besides the said Pronchissof at several other times spoke to my Lord Ambassador as if he had neglected his Royal Majesties business in respect to the Merchants and threatned him with the Tzars displeasure that he should not depart with honour and as if his Tzarskoy Majesty would complain of his conduct to his Royal Majesty whose instructions he said that my Lord had transgressed In all which things he much diminished the respect due to his Excellency and doubtless exceeded any Commission from his Tzarskoy Majesty My Lord did not neglect to informe his Majesty of all these things upon this present occasion and to tell Him that for these and for the former reasons he takes the said Pronchissof who was at this Audience to be an Enemy to the good correspondence betwixt his Royal Majesty and his Tzarskoy Majesty and consequently no Friend to himself And that therefore whatsoever he might have reported at any time or would afterwards concerning him to give his Tzarskoy Majesty as he had all reason to suspect an ill taste and impression of him He desires his Tzarskoy Majesty to hold it for falshood as he himself was ready to prove it if his Majesty had thought fit at any time to communicate any such thing to him for his own satisfaction He put moreover his Tzarskoy Majesty in minde of the former Reparation promised which still his Commissioners had neglected hitherto The 24. of May my Lord received his Commissioners answer to his papers given at Conference the 22. of March wherein first they blame his Excellency for saying in the beginning that they misunderstood his words as if he had a mind thereby to tell them that they were not able to understand his meaning But for the Posts innocent mistake as they call it they say that
satisfaction is given heretofore They do not like at all this expression of my Lords where he saies that they seeme to weigh the generous actions of Princes by Salotnicks As to the several Demands contained in another paper none but the second demand had a satisfactory answer The demand is this that all English Merchants desiring to repair home might have their passes to go over sea with their wives and families without any molestation But it is frustrated by reason of the next following article that justice might be done the English Merchants for their debts for of this there was no care at all taken The next demand to that which is of a great moment and much against the custome of Russia that all his Royal Majesties Subjects of what condition soever might upon their desire have full liberty to return is left without an answer Now concerning some particular subjects of the Kings who looked for the Tzars favour or justice upon this occasion by my Lord Ambassador they were all either rejected or put off The 27. of May the Commissioners sent to my Lord Ambassador their Answer to his Speech said at the private Audience the 22. of April but as to his Complaints against Pronchissof who as in spight of his Excellency was still in his Pristafs office there was not one word said to that nor to the other Memorial And indeed they might as well have left the speech unanswered seing their writings signify no more than their silence For as heretofore so concerning this speech that perhaps might have had any where else a favourable answer they say amongst many words very litle or noting to the purpose Their whole business it seemes is to catch at some expressions which interpreting alwaies to their disadvantage they take thereby occasion to give his Tzarskoy Majesty an ill tast of his Excellency and so to obstruct his business To that purpose they alledge first that in a place of his speech he calles them persons of great wisdom and experience whereas there is of great nobility and experience and that in another place he writes as if they could not shew in all their answers one certain or solid reason for the denyal of the propounded Privileges They do extreamly wonder at such an expression and that being a man of great understanding he would sometimes praise them which they take in very good part and sometimes vilify them But whereas my Lord saies in another place of his Speech That he received from his Commissioners so unexpected an answer that had Heaven fallen as the windows of the Councel-Chamber broke in twice at the recital it could scarce have been more strange or miraculous to him they are pleased to say that it was not fitting for him to speak so to his Tzarskoy Majesty But here is the grand scandalous and unhandsome expression as they take it that stickt to the Tzars very heart when his Excellency speaking as from the Kings Majesties own mouth concerning that unproportionable sum of money that his Tzarskoy Majesties Ambassadors demanded of his Royal Majesty in England said I hope so impossible a sum to the greatest Prince of Christendom was not demanded on purpose to have a pretext to deny the Priviledges and by proposing an impossibility to refuse what is rational The Commissioners answered that this unhandsome expression was an indignity not only to the friendship between both Princes but chiefly to the person of his Tzarskoy Majesty that such a Declaration was far from his Royal Majesties meaning and that therefore their Great Lord would write about it to the King As for the Priviledges they put them off till the wars be put to an end and then the Merchants must stand upon the Tzars courtesie Lastly his Tzarskoy Majesty doth indeed acknowledg the Kings affection to him where it is spoken of those fit opportunities that his Royal Majesty had and might have afterwards of assisting Him upon all occasions of War The Commissioners said that their Great Lord received these Declarations of the Kings in brotherly friendly amity and love Therefore they desired my Lord Ambassador to declare them against which of his Tzarskoy Majesties Enemies his Royal Majesty would assist their Great Lord and whether with warlike men and ammunition and if so with how many warlike men and armes and with what ammunition and whether his Royal Majesty would give this Assistance out of his own Treasury and for what time and to what place these his Majesties men were to come To that my Lord Ambassador gave them this answer that in all these things he was not at all limited but that they were left at his own best discretion provided first that his Tzarskoy Majesty would shew a just value of his Royal Majesties constant brotherly love and friendship But what concernes the propounded Mediation betwixt the Tzar and his Majesty of Sweden it was answered by the Commissioners that there was an Everlasting Peace concluded between Them and that those things that fell out after the Conclusion might be quieted by Messages on both sides As to the Additional Memorials presented to the Tzars Majesty against Pronchissof my Lord had at last an answer after a long sollicitation but it was too much like their Reparation about the miscarriage of our Entrance at Mosco They said that my Lord ought not to complain against him that whatsoever he was told by him in familiar discourses it was not out of malignity but after a friendly way so that his Excellency might take care of himself and of his affaires As to the Reparation promised upon his Entrance at Mosco they do not so much as speak one word of it And now to put an end to a Negotiation where so much is said and so little effected I shall add another important business that passed betwixt his Excellency and his Commissioners My Lord having newly received power and authority from the King to offer his Mediation betwixt the Tzars Majesty and the King of Poland thought that so kind an offer might perhaps bring his business to a better end than he had done hitherto He acquainted his Commissioners with it and offered himself to do his uttermost in prosecution of that affair in what manner his Tzarskoy Majesty should direct for his Service Provided that He would first manifest a just value of his Royal Majesties most sincere and constant brotherly affection by the grant of his former demands The offer did please them very well because it came in very good time but the condition annexed was too hard seeing they had doubtless resolved not to grant the Priviledges Yet they desired my Lord Ambassador to give this matter in writing at a Conference which they agreed upon to be had the first of June and the mean while the Tzar appointed for that purpose new Commissioners to treat of this matter that newly was come in hand So that at last his Excellency was rid from Pronchissof whom the Tzar had still
Master of the Ceremonies came aboord our Ship to signify to the Ambassador from their Majesties the King and Queen Mother the satisfaction they received at his arrival But before he could deliver his Complement we escaped â—ery narrowly from being cast away For having weighed our anchors in the morning to take advantage of the wind that was something favourable the Pilot doubling a point to gain the greater benefit by it the Vessel on a sudden ran so near the Rocks the Pilot in a great fright was forced to tack immediately with all the dexterity he was able which was not so great but the Ship struck with her Poop as she was turning about But by the Grace of God it was done without any other mischief than a concussion that waked and affrighted too all that were then asleep in the Ship After this our Vessel was managed so well that at length we gained the point that was so near destroying us and came to anchor within a League of Stockholm At this time the Master of the Horse who was arrived the day before came aboord the Man of war â—o give an accompt to the Ambassador of his Voiage and amongst the rest of an accident â—efel one of his Coach-horses at Sea which â—e had ordered to be thrown over board beâ—ng fallen ill beyond any hopes of recovery â—n the mean time my Lord Ambassadors Lady â—eing big with child thought convenient to get a-shore assoon as she could The 8. of September the Ambassador made his Entry where he received all possible expressions of an Amity extraordinary True â—t is there was not that Bravery and Ceremony as at his Entry at Mosco but I dare affirm there was much more Sincerity Frankness and Decorum And whereas in that the Moscovites made demonstration only of their Grandeur and Vanity The Swedes in this made no other expression but of Kindness Civility Their Artillery which is so dreadful in the wars was become here the grateful Proclaimer of Peace and Affection nothing being to be heard about the Town for an hour together but the noise of their Cannon and great Guns For assoon as the Ambassador had left the ship and was entered with his Train into the Boats that were sent him by the King the Fregat gave us a whole round with his Cannon and whilst we were making for the shore they saluted him with many from land so that they made a very strange clattering amongst the Rocks As we past along we had the sight of a Diver that came up out of a place twenty fathoms deep into which they let him down out of a shallop with a Cord to look for the Guns of a Man of War that had been cast away there He was clad all in leather and sate under a certain Engine something like a bell in which he said himself he had space enough to breathe the water comming no higher than his breast After this we came to a Bridg covered over with Carpets of Tapestry at which place his Excellence was complemented from their Majesties by one of the principal Senators And from thence he was conveyed in the Kings Coach to a House set a part for Ambassadors Their Majesties having joyned several of their Gentlemen Pages and Footmen to his Train The Liveries my Lord Ambassador had in this place were new Liveries brought him with several other goods by Mr. Watson to Riga They were like those which they wore at Mosco of Scarlet cloth the King of Englands Colour but trimed up after another fashion according to the Mode at that time and in all points very rich and handsom Of the Ambassadors Residence at Stockholm HIs Excellence having spent but five weeks in this Town I shall not have many â—hings to speak upon occasion of this Embassy â—he principal end whereof was to declare in â—he behalf of the King of great Britain the â—incere desire his Majesty had to enter into a â—ricter correspondence with the King of Swedeâ—and But before we enter upon this subject â—t will not be inproper to premise a word or â—wo concerning this Court. The word Stockholm is properly the name of the Isle in which the City is built which â—sland is called Stockholm which signifies the â—sle of the Tronk or body of a Tree Holme â—ignifying an Iland and Stock the trunck of a Tree For the Capital City being burned of â—ld they which layd the foundation of this did it as they relate it in this manner They â—hrew the Trunck of a tree into the water and â—esolved that at what Island soever the same Trunck first rested in that place they would â—uild their Town and the Trunck resting in â—his place the Town was accordingly built â—here and called Stockholm as the Island also â—s The Town is very compact but even with â—he suburbs is not altogether so big as Roven â—n France The buildings are most of stone yet some also of wood Of the first sort there are several very magnificent and amongst them that of General Wrangel and the Chancellors There are some parts of the Town which being built off from the Island stand like parts of Venice upon piles so that the Sea flows under them The Palace hath nothing in it very remarkeable saving that it stands on the bank of the Sea and has a faire prospect of several Ships that ride hard by and the Kings Men of Warr amongst the rest But that which is most considerable in Stockholm is that in so cragged and unpleasant a place the people should be so courteous and friendly and that amongst so many Rocks and uninhabited Islands which are as so many fortresses to the Town we should find a Court so civil and benigne In Moscovie we had experience of the contrary where in a Country pleasant beautiful we found a people whose manner of living is very rude and austere Whereas here in a place that seems to be the very refuse of nature we found all manner of humanity and politeness Besides the peculiar language of the Country the nobility do with great industry addict themselves to the French and indeed they speak it as freely as if it were their own Their humor and manner of living has great affinity with the French also they are free and open hearted and no less affectors of Gallantry As for their Religion they follow as they do in Denmark the doctrine of Luther His Excellence being arrived at this Court â—e was for three days entertained at the â—harges of the Swedish King and on the third which was a Sunday he had Audience from his Majesty I shall not delay my self so much as to make any discription of their Ceremonies they being the same that are ordinarily used in other Courts of Europe This only 〈◊〉 shall say in relation to the person of the King that at that time he was not fully arrived at the ninth year of his age and yet was at that age indued with all the
â—o the Government of this Kingdom with which He is at amity and of Your happiness of being Mother to a Prince his Friend who makes already so great a part of the discourse and hopes as He will one day of the history of Christendom His Majesty my Master rejoyces extreamly in the happy constitution of all Your affaires and under God attributes it much to Your Majesties Prudence that in the conjuncture of so young a King yet there is no possibility of other contention here then that decent contest whether You or the Kingdom have a greater share in Him And his Majesty my Master offers himself as a third to foment so amiable a controversy being resolved never to hold himself in neutrality thorough such blessed wars of friendship and affection as in all other things He saith he shall be most happy to witness the singular esteem and honour that for all these reasons He beares to Your Majesties person The Qeen my Sovereign Lady hath charged me with all commands of the like nature to express how amorous and how great an admirer She is of Your Royal person and virtues and most desirous of shewing by all means the great honour She retains and cherishes for your Majesty to whom I beg leave on mine own part to present all due honour and service This Complement his Excellencies Secretary immediately interpreted into French My Lord Ambassador after this Audience imploied most of that little time he had to stay in that Court in bringing the Amity and Alliance between these two Crowns to a nearer and firmer Connexion And this was the reason he had several conferences with the principal Ministers of that Kingdom both in publick and private Amongst other things he intimated the design the King his Master had to enter into a strict League with that Crown and the Kingdom of Danemark he demonstrated the great advantages would accrue thereby and that without doubt the security of the three Kingdoms of England Swedeland and Danemark would principally depend thereupon That for this reason his Majesty of great Britain deputed two Gentlemen in quality of his Envoies Extraordinary one to this Court and the other into Danemark to the end this affair might be brought to a happy Conclusion The design was acceptable enough in this Court which alwaies expressed a great inclination of uniting themselves more strictly with the Crown of England And as there seems to be naturally betwixt the two Nations of England Swedeland a kindness and propensity one to the other so was it very material that so good a principle should be actuated and imployed and that Art might give perfection to Nature His Excellence interceded likewise in the behalf of several English Merchants and others that either had there some business of concernment or that desired some favour or other And in this respect also my Lord Ambassador found this Court so favourable that he was sooner weary of asking than they were of gratifying his Lordship There being at Stockholm three Residents one from France the other from Danemark and the third from Holland his Excellence had several Conferences with each of them and treated them afterwards one after another with all honourable entertainment In the mean time his Excellence had the honour to be regaled by their Majesties the King and Queen Mother in a most obliging manner in a small Palace some few Leagues from Stockholm where assoon as he was arrived his Excellence was received with a Colâ—ation and after he was shown all the Curioâ—ities in the Castle he was carried to Dinner with the King and the Queen Mother The King drank to the Ambassador the King of Englands health but drinking it with more zeal than ordinary and the glass being too â—ig it hapned he spilt a good part of the Wine upon his cloths which put his Majesty so out of countenance that he looked as he would willingly have drunk it again with more caution if by that means he could have got that disaster forgotten After Dinner his Excellence went a hunting in a fair Park well stocked with Deer The King was there on Hors-back also and observing his Excellence scrupulous of shooting a large Deer that was within his reach he asked him why he did not shoot who answering that a smaller Deer would be sufficient for him the King replyed he should take no care for that if he left but one he might dispose of the rest as he pleased At length his Excellence retired after a long chase he being forced to shoot 2. or 3. times before the Doe would fall and being of his own killing it was sent immediately to his house Some few days after there was a great Ball at which my Lord Ambassador was desired to be present where we had opportunity to see the great Gallants of Stockholm and the politeness of those that made the most gloriouâ— part of that Court. Two days after his Exceâ—lence had the curiosity to go see the King greatest Men of Warr which where then a Anchor near the Town where indeed wâ— found his Majesty was very well provided This visit ended in a very fair collation which the Count Stenbock Admiral of Swedelanâ— made for his Excellence in which he was entertained with Trumpets Drums and Cannon The next day his Excellence was treated again with extraordinarie pomp by the Chancellor in one of his Country houses some mileâ— from Stockholm in the Company of the principal nobility of that Court where he received all possible demonstrations of the friendship and honour they bore to his person every thing corresponding with his Dignity As soon as he was arrived he was presented with the Collation excellent musick after that he had the diversion for half an hour to see nine Earles run at the Ring in his presence with great agility and address From thence he was attended to the Table where he found enough to indulge every one of his sences they remaining almost four hours at the Table Amongst other things there was a noble concert of Violins of Trumpets Ketle-Drums and at his departure of Cannon And this Entertainment was the occasion of another the next day in the Ambassadors house where his Excellence regalled the 〈◊〉 me Company again with all manner of â—anckness and civility The 3. of October his Excellence and all his â—tinue were treated again by the English â—erchants residing in Stockholm But this â—east was scarce over when there hapned a â—atal Quarrel betwixt two of the Ambassaâ—ors Gentlemen one of which was a German â—ollonel whom his Excellence had received â—nto his Family at Mosco in the quality of a â—entleman of his Train The other that kilâ—ed him being of his acquaintance had lent â—im a considerable sum of money with promise and expectation to have it suddenly â—epaid The Collonel having been a prisoner â—ome time in Mosco put himself with this â—oney into a good Equipage but instead â—f repaying it as he had promised
Britain he esteemed it a particular one that he had chosen his Excellence the Earle of Carlisle amongst all the Nobility of England for his Ambassador Extraordinary towards him And having made reflexion upon the Prudence and Dexterity which he had used to unite the Interests of the two Kingdoms of Swedeland and England he heartily wished he might have had a longer enjoyment of his presence there But seeing he was recalled by his Majesty of great Britain the King of Swedeland thought himself obliged before his departure to give him assurances of his good affection towards the King of England And lastly he wished my Lord Ambassador a happy return into his own Country and withall assured him That he might be alwaies very confident of his Favour This Audience being ended his Excellence was conducted towards the Queen Mother of whom he took leave in these terms Madam BEing now upon my departure I ought by commandment of his Majesty and likewise of the Queen to represent again in the most lively and effectual expressions Their great Affection to your Majesty and what part They take in your Majesties Interests the same with the Interests of the King and Kingdom But as there are no words sufficient to depaint so real an affection and being moreover obliged in his Majesties name to give You thanks for all the Honours which in respect to Him your Majesty hath conferred upon me I find now a decency even in my defects and that my want of language hath been but a foresight of the King my Master and a fit Complement upon His part seeing upon so extraordinary occasions as these the boldest Eloquence would lose its Speech and had I an hundred tongues I should be struck silent Therefore I shall only pray for your Majesties happiness and prosperity and as the greatest part thereof for the health of the King Your Son upon Whom all the joyes and cares of your Majesty do so worthily center And wheresoever I go but especially to Their Majesties I shall make report of â—our Majesties unparalelled Virtues and shall my self preserve an immortal memory of all Your Royal Favours This Complement was also interpreted in French Whilst the Ambassador was making this Complement there happened an accident â—hat surprised all the Company For about â—he middle of his Speech where he saith That the boldest Eloquence would lose its â—peech his Excellence made a long pause as â—f by that he had designed to have verified â—hat he had said For my part at first I believed it was the sincerity of my Lord Ambassadors discourse that produced this effect and that it being too great a task for him to represent to the Queen the great honour his Master the King of England had for her and the great sence himself had of the Favours which he had received from her Majesty his Speech had failed him according to that saying of Seneca Curae leves loquuntur ingentes stupent Small cares may be expressed great ones are unutterable But when I saw the Secretary fall himself upon the same rock and stop in the same place when he interpreted the Complement in French then I concluded the thing had been so contrived At length both of them having recollected they finished the Harangue which in her Majesties name was thus answered That her Majesty was very much obliged both to the King and Queen of England by the new assurances of friendship which his Excellence had given her in their behalf That her Majesty desired his Excellence to testify to the King his Master with how much joy and satisfaction She received those declarations and that for her part She would not fail to employ the utmost of her Care for the Religious conservation of the happy correspondence which was now established betwixt the King of Swedeland her Son and his Majesty of great Britain That She desired also that he would signify to her Sister the Queen of England with what zeal She honoured her Person and Virtues and what delight She took in her prosperity And lastly That her Majesty was very well pleased with the generous Comportment of the Ambassador and that she had a very great esteem of his Person and merits His Excellence having taken his leave in this manner of their Majesties he was conducted into a large dining Room where in their Majesties name he was treated with all kind of Magnificence and Pomp in the Company of the principal Officers of the Court. Of my Lord Ambassadors Voiage from Stockholm to Copenhagen THe long and tedious time his Excellence had spent amongst those Sons of Winter in the Court of Moscovy constrained him to make but a short stay here to the end he might return the sooner into England And for this reason on the 13. of October two days after he had taken his leave his Excellence departed from Stockholm towards Denmark And the wind serving very well for the beginning of our Voiage he made all possible haste to embark in good time And notwithstanding the Extremity of the cold we travailed the whole night almost upon the water that his Excellency might betimes reach the Man of War which for a fortnight or three weeks had attended for him about some ten Leagues from Stockholm The next morning we embarked and about evening the Master of the Ceremonies and the Queens Mareshal or Steward of her house who had bare his Excellence company so far took their leave after the best entertainment that could be made them there amongst the thundring of the Cannon of which the Captain of the Ship was not at all sparing The Ship was called the Centurion and had at least fifty Guns mounted and an hundred and seventy Seamen so that it was no easy matter for the most part of the Ambassadors Servants to find place convenient to lodg themselves In the mean while the Coach and Horses being judged troublesome to be transported by Sea they were dispatched away by Land and arrived not at Copenhagen till after the Ambassador In this posture we continued on boord four days without power to depart by reason his Excellencies goods which were appointed to have followed immediately made us lose the opportunity of the wind by their arriving a day or two too late The 18. of October the wind serving again we set sayle but the weather proved so misty and duskish that we were constrained to cast anchor however in the afternoon the clouds â—eing a little dispersed we advanced three â—r four leagues till at night we were forced â—o come to an anchor again This Road is so â—angerous by reason of the narrowness of â—he passage and the multitude of Rocks in those parts of which some are eminent above â—ater others lie under or are at most but â—evel with the water that besides the beâ—efit of good weather a good Conduct and â—are extraordinary is required to avoid Shipwreck For this reason the Captain took Pilots along with him from that very place â—uch as
was that the Vice-Admiral was dispatched to his Excellence to excuse this delay On Thursday the 27. of October my Lord Ambassador made his solemn Entry with great Magnificence And if from thence a judgment might be made of their Friendship to his Majesty of great Britain we might without all scruple conclude that the Amity of this Court in that respect exceeded the affection of the Swedes In the first place two noble Gallies and a Galliot came to receive his Excellence and his Train for the wind was come about so cross that it was impossible to get our Ship up into the Harbour Assoon as my Lord and his Attendants were entered into the Gallies our Ship gave us twenty Guns and in an hour and an halfs time we arrived in the Harbour where we â—aw his Majesties Men of War with all the glory of their Flags and Streamers displayed There were twenty pleasure Boats also very â—ell furnished to receive his Excellence and â—is Train in the Harbour and in these Boats â—e made our Entry to the Town The Footmen first then the Pages and Gentlemen â—fter them my Lord Morpeth and next my â—ord Ambassador accompanied by the Vice-Admiral and the Master of the Ceremonies â—n this manner our Boats following one anoâ—her in a File cross the whole Harbour we â—ad the opportunity as we past to survey a â—reat number of the Kings Ships very nobly â—quiped and to hear the noise of the Cannon â—aluting his Excellence as he went by every â—ne of them being laden with bullet At last we landed at a place which they had covered with Tapestry and in which his Excellence was complemented from his Majesty That done he went into the Kings Coach which was there ready to attend him and was conducted to the House of Ambassadors where we continued during our Residence in this Court Of my Lord Ambassador's Residence aâ— Copenhagen COpenhagen stands upon the Sea and though it be not naturally so strong noâ— of that circumference as Stockholm yet it iâ— artificially well fortified and the Country being plain of a much better Scituation There is a Canal that hath no more stream than there is before Stockholm yet it is deep enough for some Merchants ships to ride therein safely The Pallace hath nothing worth the Description only there is a Tower which is very considerable for its height but especially for its ascent which being paved so broad that a Coach might easily be drawn up and turned at the top riseth insensibly without stairs This Tower was built for the use of the Astronomers out of which there is a fair Library erected by the side of it From hence are several marks of the last Swedish Leagure to be seen especially on a Steeple hard by which was so battered by their Cannon that the King to perpetuate the Memory of that Siege hath ordered the holes of the several shot to be gilt over with Gold I could insert other Curiosities likewise that are to be seen in Copenhagen but my desigâ— not being to give an exact Description of such things as are so well known I shall saâ—isfy my self in giving this short Character of â—he Court That if the Swedish Court hath a â—reat resemblance with the French humour â—his hath much more the Genius of the Gerâ—an and that if the former be more franck â—nd active these are more solid and of better â—nvention The Danish Language differs not â—o much from the Swedish but that the people â—an easily understand one another And as â—or French the Nobility of Denmark are as â—ndustrious and diligent in learning it as those â—f the Court of Sweden Being arrived at this Town his Excellence â—as treated as at Stockholm three days at â—he Kings charge and had his Audience on â—he third The Ceremonies were all in the â—ame fashion as in the Court of Sweden and â—here being no Present to be made here more â—han was there his Excellence had no more â—o do but to make his Complement from the â—ing his Master The King of Denmark apâ—eared to us very grave and Majestick and â—f a large Stature He was booted à la Cavaâ—ere and though he was then at least threeâ—ore Years old yet he scarce looked to be â—fty He had a Sword by his side a long Coat â—overed with broad Gold and Silver lace and 〈◊〉 noble Plume of white Feathers in his Hat â—e stood under his Canopy with five or six â—f his chief Ministers of State on one side of him and in the midst of the Hall some ten oâ— twelve of the Life-Guards The Ambassadoâ— being come into the Hall made him a loâ— Reverence and the King saluted him againâ— and when he was come up near him undeâ— his Canopy of State he put on his Hat at thâ— same time his Majesty put on his and delivered his Complement in these Terms Sir AMong so many Prerogatives of thâ— highest Fortune yet Princes havâ— one disadvantage that They can seldoâ— attain to that reality and intimacâ— which we may see among private Persons The equality of their Sovereigâ— Power exposeth them to perpetual Competitions the Interest of their Peoplâ— obliges them to a constant Jealousy anâ— even the Fidelity and Prudence of theâ— Ministers seems rather made to entertain them in mutual Cautele and Suspâ—cion than in perfect Friendship Bâ— betwixt the King my Master and Your Majesty it is all otherwise You are perâ—aps the only two Princes in Christendom â—ho in so great a nearness yet can never â—ustle And having betwixt You all the â—ndearments of which private Persons â—re capable Your Royalty only inclines â—nd inables You to cultivate and express â—hem in a more honourable manner â—hat Subjects of one King could ever â—ve so peaceably and kindly together as â—hose two Excellent Princes His Majeâ—â—ies Grand-Father and Your Majesties â—ather by Whom those bonds of Hospiâ—ality and Consanguinity were so closely â—oven betwixt You visiting one the â—her in their Kingdoms as familiarly as â—eighbours in the same City and taking â—unsel together as confidently as Broâ—ers in the same Family And ever â—ce what mutual good Offices what â—mmunication of Counsels have there â—en betwixt both Kings both in adverse â—d prosperous fortune with so much constancy especially on Your part in that most turbulent storm of the English Monarchy that His Majesty must keep it in a most grateful and eternal memory and so universal a sympathy upon all occasions that all Antiquity would be troubled to furnish a paralel for so golden and real a Friendship And as the bonds of reciprocal Obligations and those animated ligaments of Blood and Nature have knit both Your Majesties in the most refined union so as to the grosser interest of Commerce and Navigation 〈◊〉 may say without a similitude that iâ— hath been moored on both sides even with anchors and cables betwixt the People Therefore those affaires having beeâ— regulated and constituted at the time 〈◊〉 the Extraordinary Embassage
And it extended no further than a bare treaty of Amity for the security of both the Allies and as my Lord Ambassador was assured aimed not at the prejudice of any Prince much less of the King of Great Britain who was expresly comprised therein and might have been received into the Alliance if he pleased himself Mr. de Treslon staid in this Court not above three weeks and on the fifteenth of November he departed from Copenhagen for Stockholme where he had another Embassy to make from the King his Master But besides the feasting that was occasioned by the intimacy of these two Ambassadors there was one more than ordinarily remarkable on the seventeenth of November which was at the Christening the child of my Lady Ambassadress who was brought to bed about a fortnight before of a Son It was Christened by the King the Queen and his Royal Highness and was named Frederick Christian on a Sunday at night in the House where his Excellence resided As soon as our Chaplain had administred the Baptism according to the Liturgy of the Church of England the King went to salute my Lady Ambassadress in her Chamber which was near the Room where the Infant was Baptized The Queen accompanied the King in this Visit his Royal Highness with the two Princesses his Sisters several Ladies of the Court following them There were several of the chief Ministers of State came in also to congratulate her Ladiship upon her happy delivery From this Visit their Majesties past into a large Room where his Excellence had prepared a Noble and Magnificent Collation for them The King would not sit down but choose rather to stand on one side of the table as her Majesty did also on the other with the Prince Christian and the two Princesses His Majesty continued bare all the while drinking several Healths with the Ambassador and other great Persons of his Court amongst which the Lord Treasurer who had been lately his Ambassador to the King of England was one My Lord Morpeth his excellence's Son entertained the Queen all the time his Excellence taking only now and then opportunity to address himself to her Majesty The Gentlemen and Pages that were attending on his Majesty were in the same Room where they also had their share of this Entertainment as well as the rest of the more inferiour servants who remained in the Court below At length after about half an hours time his Majesty retired with the Ambassador waiting upon him Three daies after his Excellence treated his Royal Highness again very sumptuously and after dinner His Highness was pleased to divert himself in dancing some howers with his Excellence and his principal Gentlemen Besides these Collations and some others which I pretermit his Excellence had two or three daies recreation in hunting the Hare with his Royal Highness At other times he took a survey of whatsoever was most remarkable in the City and amongst other things the Arsenal and some other magazins for their Anmunition Instruments of War At our entrance into the Arsenal which we found very fine and in good order we were surprised at first to see a Coach passing before us as it were by a peculiar motion of its own but the motion was performed by wheel-work with a kind of rudder to steer it For which purpose there were two men placed secretly within it one to turn the wheels which was the reason it moved and the other to manage the Stern They shewed his Excellence the Rarities also in the Kings Pallace which were several very curious pieces of Mechanicks besides many Curiosities brought from the remotest Countries The Rareties were disposed in five or six several appartements on one floor and indeed were the only observable things almost we saw in that Pallace Amongst other things in one of these appartements we had a sight of an excellent piece of Art which was a little Ship ready rigged whose Mast Ladders Sailes and Cannon were all of Ivory But his Majesty having a particular desire to caress his Excellence he thought good to shew him his Pallace at Frederixburgh which without contradiction is is a most magnificent and exact Pile In the mean time the King had the Curiosity to go and see the Man of War which brought his Excellence from Stockholm and was then at Anchor in the Harbour attending his departure This Visit being made of a suddain and in the absence of the Captain and the greatest part of the other Officers of the Ship the Seamen were at no small loss to receive his Majesty as he ought to have been Nevertheless that hindered not but his Majesty left some tokens of his being there by a considerable Present which he sent to the Captain and all the Seamen The Captain at his return being desirous to publish his Majesties generosity thought he could not do it any waies more remarkably than by firing his great Guns which though in the Night he discharged so freely at his return to his ship that the noise gave the Town an alarm immediately the drums beating through the streets and all people running to their Arms till at last they understood the occasion and turned their apprehensions into laughter About this time my Lord Ambassador had advertisement from Mosco amongst other things that Calthof who was detained by the Tzar after our departure was constrained to re-engage himself for two Years in the Great Dukes service He had notice likewise that his Tzarskoy Majesty had dispatched an Ambassador to the King of Great Britain to complain of him as a person that had been deficient in his respects to the Tzar and his principal Boyars in the whole process of his Negotiation But the Ambassador having from time to time sent Copies into England of all that had passed betwixt him and the Commissioners and being otherwise well advised that the King his Master did well approve of what he had done he troubled not himself with what the Tzar should attempt being very well assured as indeed it afterwards happened that all his efforts would not be able to shake the reason and justice upon which his conduct was founded About the latter end of our Residence there there was a publick combat performed in the presence of the King with portable Pumps or Engins such as are used frequently in the quenching of great fires It was managed before the Pallace betwixt six or seven men one against another having several others appointed for the management of their Pumps and for supplying them with water from the Canal Every one discharged upon his adversary by lifting up the Pipe and levelling it against his Enemy exposing themselves to the force of the Engins within fifteen or sixteen paces and plying their business so well that they left one of the Champions but one eye to guide him back again to his House My Lord Morpeth departed for England on the first day of Dicember with four or five Gentlemen and some Footmen in
before being surpriz'd with the alarm of the skirmish came back thereupon and at length the business was composed but so that whereas we had usually five waggons before we went from hence but with four and the Page made the rest of his voiage without his Periwig The manner of our Treatment at this place perswaded us very strongly that the Ambassador was not known in this Town in which we found the People so unkind that we might perhaps with as much reason call it Poneropolis as that to which Philip King of Macedon gave that name being inhabited only by a sort of rude and raskally People The next day being arrived at Bremen we understood by the Gazette that my Lord Morpeth was prisoner at Wesel and that the Hollanders had taken him and his Train some two or three miles from Munster in his way to Cologne True it is the Gazette made not mention of his name but all the circumstances of the news were clear indications to us that it was his Lordship whom it meant which his Excellence applied to himself as a dangerous Omen And having designed to follow him upon the same Road he took all possible care to avoid the like misfortune for which cause he had a particular care to make a short stay in every Town and to assume only the bare title of a Gentleman In which act one might have said his Excellence seemed as well to represent the person of the King his Master in his Exile as he had lately done in the Pomp and Splendour of his Restoration In short we were no sooner arrived at Munster three days after our departure from Bremen but we understood the truth of the News and all the circmstances of my Lord Morpeth's being betrayed in that Town For by accident we lay in the very same Inn he had lain in before us And because it was very easy for us to have been discovered by the Liveries though the same were something disguised to prevent all intelligence that might be given to the Governour of Wesel his Excellence thought good to remove with all speed from Munster lest we should be surprised in the same manner So that we staid at Munster not above four or five hours which Expedition was so fortunate to us that we escaped the like danger thereby After we were gone a day or two's journey from the Frontiers we were not much sollicitous any more unless it were in our passage betwixt Calais and Dover but his Excellence managed this Voiage with that prudence and caution that at last we arrived very happily in England At Rochester we understood that the Ambassadors Lady was arrived at London fifteen days before and as for himself that the Court did not expect his coming so soon after they knew the condition of my Lord Morpeth Insomuch that the Court was altogether surprised with his arrival as they were soon after with that of his Son who arrived three days after my Lord his Father the States having released him and his Train after some days confinement at Wesel The Ambassador being returned to London in this manner went immediately to pay his Duty to his Majesty carrying with him the Letter which the Tzar had delivered him at Mosco The King having first signified the satisfaction he received to see him returned from so long a Voiage at length amongst other things spake to him about the Embassy which he had lately received from the Tzar and commanded him in order to his justification to give in writing a Narrative of all that had passed relating to himself in his first Embassy Which he performed to the confusion of the Ambassador that brought the accusation against him And for fear I should leave this work imperfect I thought it necessary to adjoyn to it my Lords Apology for without doubt it would have been a great indecorum having brought the Reader thus far to leave him in suspence in a business of so great Importance True it is the most things that are contained in it have been mentioned by me before yet there are several passages also which I reserved for this place to give the Reader more satisfaction and entertainment The Style being plain is therefore the more proper for this Relation whose business it is only to give an ingenuous Narrative entirely conformable to the truth and which answers directly to the Articles which the Tzars Ambassador presented against his Excellence I thought it not necessary to introduce the Articles by themselves because they are all of them particularly refelled in his Answer made in the following form â—n his Excellencies behalf as a justification â—f his proceedings The Lord Ambassadors Apology HAving received a writing from His Tzarskoy Majesties Embassadors whereâ— they testifie the extraordinary affection of His Tzarskoy Majesty toward his Royal â—ajesty and the great honours therefore â—ewn to the Earle of Carlisle His Royal â—ajesties late Embassador justifying moreâ—er all the proceedings of his Tzarskoy Majesties Commissioners treating with the â—d Earle of Carlisle and laying on the â—ontrary an hainous charge of several Arâ—les against the said Earle of Carlisle conâ—rning his Demeanor and Conduct in the â—d Embassy We therefore return for anâ—er a Narrative of the whole matter of â—ct as the said late Embassador extraordiâ—ry upon his Royal Majesties Command â—th stated it for his own just and necessary â—dication And first at the said Earle of Carlisleâ— first descent upon the bridge of Archangel there met him one Bogdan declaring he was appointed his Pristaf whom therefore the said Earle of Carlisle saluted and respected accordingly And when they should have gone toward the place appointed for his lodging the said Pristaf took the right hand of the Ambassador and said that he had such orders from Knez Sherbatof the Governour of Archangel Which the Earle of Carlisle refusing to submit to was forced to stand upon the open bridge in the sight oâ— so many strangers of several Nations about half an hour till the Pristaf might send up to the Castle for the Governours further pleasure who at last sent and altered the Pristafs orders Moreover the Earle of Carlisle being upon his journey from Archangel towards Vologda the Pristaf sent before to Knez Ivan Machailovitz Governour of the Vaga that meâ— might be ready at Arsinoa for drawing up the boats But the said Governour threatned the Strelitz that was sent reviled thâ— Pristaf and spoke slightingly of the Embassador nor took any care for providing meâ— necessary Insomuch that the Embassador was left there in a strange Countrey noâ— knowing how either to go forward or backward till by his own great care he got meâ— together being inforced to hire them at his own expence from Arsinoa to Yagrish Which money indeed at the Ambassadors departure from Mosco was repaid him Further the Stolnick Offonassy Evanovich Nestrof and the Diack Evan Stepanovich Davidof coming to Vologda as new Pristaves to conduct the Ambassador to Mosco the said Stolnick at his