altogether like the Pharisee that prayed in the Temple but really often would he mourn in secret and many times did his eyes in publike distil tears at the Nations stubbornness To take him in the whole he was a Man better fitted to make a Prince of then the People was to receive him this we see sufficiently in the management of the Government to his Death But afterwards the sudden disaster which befel his Posterity was so admirable that it cannot be imputed to any thing else but Digitus Dei A Catalogue of Honours conferr'd on several Persons by Oliver Cromwel Lord Protector in the time of his Government His Privie Council HEnry Lawrence Lord President Lieut. Gen. Fleetwood Major Gen. Lambert Philip Lord Lisle Nathaniel Fiennes Commissioner of the Great Seal John Desbrow Edward Mountague Generals at Sea Sir Gilbert Pickering Sir Charls Woolsley Col. William Sydenham Edmund Earl of Mulgrave Walter Strickland Esquire Philip Skippon Major Gen. Col. Philip Jones Richard Major Esquire Francis Rouse Esquire John Thurloe Secretary of State The Members of the other House alias House of Lords 1. LOrd Richard Cromwel 2. Lord Henry Cromwel Deputy of Ireland 3. Nathaniel Fiennes 4. John Lisle Commissioners of the Great Seal 5. Henry Lawrence President of the Privie Council 6. Charls Fleetwood Lieut. Gen. of the Armie 7. Robert Earl of Warwick 8. Edmund Earl of Mulgrave 9. Edward Earl of Manchester 10. William Lord Viscount Say and Seal 11. Philip Lord Viscount Lisle 12. Charls Lord Viscount Howard 13. Philip Lord Wharton 14. Thomas Lord Faulconbridge 15. George Lord Euers 16. John Cleypole Esquire 17. John Desbrow 18. Edward Montague Generals at Sea 19. Bulstrode Whitlock 20. William Sydenham Commissioners of the Treasury 21. Sir Charls Wolsley 22. Sir Gilbert Pickering 23. Walter Strickland Esq 24. Philip Skippon Esq 25. Francis Rous Esq 26. John Jones Esquire 27. Sir William Strickland 28. John Fiennes Esquire 29. Sir Francis Russel 30. Sir Thomas Honywood 31. Sir Arthur Haslerigge 32. Sir John Hobart 33. Sir Richard Onslow 34. Sir Gilbert Gerrard 35. Sir William Roberts 36. John Glyn. 37. Oliver St-John Chief Justices of both Benches 38. William Pierrepoint Esquire 39. John Crew Esquire 40. Alexander Popham Esq 41. Philip Jones Esq 42. Sir Christopher Pack 43. Sir Robert Tichborn 44. Edward Whalley Com. Gen. 45. Sir John Barkstead Lieut. of the Tower 46. Sir Tho. Pride 47. Sir George Fleetwood 48. Sir John Huson 49. Richard Ingoldsby Esq 50. James Berry Esquire 51. William Goff Esq 52. Thomas Cooper Esq 53. Edmund Thomas Esq 54. George Monke Gen. in Scotland 55. David Earl of Cassils 56. Sir William Lockhart 57. Archibald Johnson of Wareston 58. William Steel Chancellor of Ireland 59. Roger. Lord Broghil 60. Sir Matthew Tomlinson 61. William Lenthal Master of the Rolls 62. Richard Hampden Esq Commissioners of the Great Seal and their Officers NAthaniel Fiennes John Lisle William Lenthal Master of the Rolls Officers attending HEnry Middleton Serjeant at Arms. Mr. Brown Mr. Dove Judges of both Benches John Glyn Lord Chief Justice Peter Warburton Richard Nudigate Justices of the upper Bench. Oliver st-St-John Lord Chief Justice and Edward Atkins Matthew Hale Hugh Windham Justices of the Common Bench. His Barons of the Exchequer RObert Nicholas John Parker and Roger Hill Serjeant at Law Erasmus Earl Atturney General Edmund Prideaux Sollicitor William Ellis Serjeants at Law called by him to the Barre RIchard Pepes 25 January 1653. Thomas Fletcher 25 January 1653. Matthew Hale 25 January 1653. William Steel 9 February 1653. John Maynard 9 February 1653. Richard Nudigate 9 February 1653. Thomas Twisdon 9 February 1653. Hugh Windham 9 February 1653. Unton Crook 21 of June 1654. John Parker 21 of June 1654. Roger Hill 28 of June 1655. William Shepard 25 October 1656. John Fountain 27 November 1656. Evan Scithe Viscounts CHarls Howard of Glisland in Cumberland created Baron Glisland and Lord Viscount Howard of Morpeth the 20th of July 1657. Baronets JOhn Read Esquire of Bocket Hall in Hertfordshire created Baronet the 25 of June 1656. John Cleypole Esquire created Baronet the 16th of July 1657. Thomas Chamberlayn of Wickham Esquire made a Baronet the 6th of October 1657. Thomas Beaumont of Staughton-Grange in Leicestershire Esq created March 5. 1657. John Twisleton Esq of Horsemans-Place in Datford in the County of Kent created Baronet of the same March 24. 1657. Henry Ingolds by Esq created 31 of March 1658. Henry Wright of Dagenhams in Essex Esq created Baronet March 31. 1658. Edmund Dunch Esquire of East-Wittenham in Berkshire created Baron of the same place April 26. 1658. Griffith Williams Esq of Carnarvon made a Baronet the 28 of May 1658. Knights when and where made SIr Thomas Viner Lord Mayor of London at Grocers-Hall Feb. 8. 1653. Sir John Copleston at White-Hall June 1. 1655. Sir John Reynolds at White-Hall June 11. 1655. Sir Christopher Pack Lord Mayor of London at White-Hall Septemb. 20. 1655. Sir Thomas Pride at White-Hall Jan. 17. 1655. Sir John Barkstead at White-Hall Jan. 19. 1655. Sir Richard Combe at White-Hall Aug. 1656. Sir John Dethick Lord Mayor of London at White-Hall Sept. 15. 1656. Sir George Fleetwood of Bucks Sir William Lockhart at White-Hall December 10. Sir James Calthrop of Suffolk Sir Robert Tichborn Lord Mayor of London and Sir Lislebone Long Recorder December 15. Sir James Whitlock at White-Hall January 6. Sir Thomas Dickeson of York March 3. 1656. Sir Richard Stainer at White-Hall June 11. 1657. Sir John Cleypole Baronet at White-Hall July 16. 1657. Sir William Wheeler at Hampton-Court Aug. 26. 1657. Sir Edward Ward of Norfolk at White-Hall Novemb. 2. Sir Thomas Andrews Alderman of London at White-Hall Novemb. 14. Sir Thomas Foot Alderman Sir Thomas Atkin Alderman Sir John Huson Colonel Decemb. 5. Sir Jaâ—… Drax at White-Hall Jan. 6. Sir Henry Pickering Sir Philip Twisleton White-Hall Feb. 1. Sir John Lenthal at White-Hall March 9. Sir John Ireton Alderman of London Sir Henry Jones at Hampton-Court July 17. 1658. Sic transit Gloria mundi FINIS
a tumultuous vvay they vvould needs compel them to alter their Militia and bring home the King The contrary Party in the House seeing violence offered them they vvith the Speaker betake themselves to the protection of the Army vvho being thus countenanced by Authority and thereby encouraged resolve upon a March for London to restore the Members of Parliament to their places and Authorities Upon the Armies approach the Citizens vvho before had made some semblance of resistance raising Forces to that purpose under Massey desire a Truce which vvas granted upon these Conditions 1. That they should desert the Parliament then sitting and the eleven impeached Members 2. That they should recal their Declaration 3. That they should relinquish the present Militia 4. That they should deliver up the Forts together vvith the Tower 5. That they should disband their Forces VVhich things being performed the Army made a triumphant passage thorow the City of London To return again to the King vve finde him not to continue long at Holmby ere Cornet Joyce vvith a Party of Horse seiseth on his Person and carries him away to the Head-quarters The Army having him now in their custody remove him from one place to another as to Royston Hatfield Causam an House of the Lord Cravens one that hath had a deep share in the sufferings of the Nobility here the Kings Children came to him vvhere they dined together But here he continued not long neither before his remove to Hampton Court vvhere being terrified vvith an Apparition of Agitators he left that place and unfortunately renders himself to Col. Hamond in the Isle of Wight vvhere he vvas secured in Carisbrook-Castle Propositions are sent to him from the Parliament but vvith little effect Provoked herewith the Houses past their Votes of Non-addresses to his Majesty and take the Government upon themselves vvhich vvas followed vvith a Declaration from the Army to stand in defence of those Votes These Actions so far discontented the people that in every place nothing could be heard but bad vvishes and vvorse threats from vvhence many did prognosticate the ensuing Summer vvould be a hot one in respect of VVars And now the Subjects of both Kingdoms vvhich before had joyned in Arms against the King begin to look upon his Estate and condition vvith commiseration blaming themselves for being instruments in bringing him into the condition he then vvas and now they petition the Parliament after the same manner that some years before they had the King in a tumultuous manner and impatient to have the grant of their desires delaid they press the Houses for a speedy redress of their present Grievances but could have no other answer but vvhat vvas delivered by the Souldiers guarding the Parliament and a Troop of Horse from the Mews these disswaded the Surry-men vvith feelling arguments from coming there any more These things made those that before seemed passive to be active the sable cloud of VVar blown by the fury of the people had now over-spread our Hemisphere vvhich Alarms the Army in all their Quarters First a considerable part of the Navy vvith Captain Batten sometimes Vice-Admiral to the Earl of Warwick desert the Parliament and put themselves under the power of Prince Charles Next the Kentish-men rise in Arms under pretence of Petitioning Laughorn Poyer and Powel seised on some strong Towns and Castles in South-Wales and declared against them Yet this vvas not all there blew a Northern blast that made many men shake Duke Hamilton a man vvho had received much of the King but deserved little rusheth in vvith an Army of Scots and joynes himself to Langdale Glemham and others of the Kings Party in the North. Upon these Risings the Parliament considers how to conjure these evil spirits down againe the Valour of their Souldiers had been tried in many Fights and Sieges before their former good successes made them confident that Victory was settled in their Scabbards and that they should no sooner draw their Swords but their enemies would fly To manage these Wars Fairfax was sent into Kent Lambert into the North there to stop as much as could be the over-flowing Torrent of Hamiltons Army who wasted the Country at pleasure wheresoever they came for Wales victorious Cromwel was designed before him as forlorn marches Col. Horton with 3000 who engaged Laughorns 8000 raw Welchmen and routed them Cromwel himself soon follows after with two Regiments of Horse and three of Foot Now we see him in the Field again to accomplish great undertakings which he did with so much facility that it rather seemed a Recreation then labour Caesar's Veni Vidi Vici may well be attributed to him who no sooner came neer an Enemy and beheld him but he overcame him and indeed his quick Marches furious Onsets and victorious Conquests came very neer Casars Atchievements The first place we finde him at in his march was Chepstow-Castle which he resolved to besiege but himself hastning to Pembrook he leaves Col. Eyre to dispatch this piece of service who accomplished it in fifteen days Cromwel on the twentieth of May comes to Pembrook Poyer being Governour of it who relying much upon the strength of the place refuseth all Conditions that are proffered to him Cromwel not being accustomed to despair of any thing that is possible applies himself to the Siege at Land Sir George Ayscough in the mean time with a Squadren of Ships cast Anchor in the Roade to forbid any succours to be carried in by Sea and as occasion served to furnish the Leaguer with great Guns and other provisions necessary Cromwel having taken a full view of the Castle and considering the strength of it makes his way by approaches and with his great Guns summons them to yeeld This course he thought the safest upon these considerations First for that by certain intelligence he was informed of the small Magazine of Provision that they had in the Town and Castle so that of necessity they must yeeld their bodies being weakned for want of sustenance would bring down their stout Stomacks Then Divisions among themselves which grew to that height at last that the Souldiers began to mutiny against their Commanders And lastly though he had Men enough to enforce them yet considering this was not the last service his Forces must go upon he would not be too prodigal of pretious blood knowing that Victory to be the cheapest which is won without blows Having thus considered of the matter he causes strict guard to be kept in his Trenches that so they might be kept in from running away This order was not long observed before Hunger had so battered down their Bellies and therewith so quell'd their courage that they desired a Parly and willingly yeelded up the Town and Castle upon quarter as to the common Souldiery but Laughorn Poyer and Powel with some other of the prime Commanders render themselves prisoners at mercy which some of them found but others were afterwards made
exemplary No sooner was this considerable place reduced to obedience but Cromwel immediately marcheth Northwards with all speed possible to disperse that black cloud which threatned to send a scotch Mist upon those parts of England Being at Gloucester he acquaints the Parliament with the necessities of the Armie which was no sooner done but immediately supplies were sent to the great encouragement of the Souldiery Cromwel having joyned with Lambert who then attended Hamiltons Motions and retarded his Marches their united Forces made an Army in all of 8600 strong too weak in outward appearance to grapple with 21000 men but considering the courage and resolution of the Souldiers they were sufficient to do the business as it proved at last Cromwel finding an opportunity to correct the Scotch for their insolent rapine resolves to do it and drive them home or die in the attempt At Preston in Lancashire his forlorn consisting of 200 Horse and 400 Foot first engaged after them Cromwel himself brought up the main Battle in as good a posture as the Ground would bear which being inclosure and mirie Ground was inconvenient for Horse he fought them through a durty Lane and forc'd them to seek shelter in the Hedges near at hand which proved but a poor defence against the rage of Cromwels men After four hours dispute they were driven into Preston with the victorious Souldiers at their heels who presently cleared the streets The Duke finding the place too hot for his cold Constitution retreates over the Bridge with as many Horse and Foot as could follow him but his shirking away would not serve the turn they must first give an account of their business before the pass could be granted which at last they had signed sealed and delivered At the Bridge was the greatest piece of service where extraordinary courage was shewn on both sides but especially Cromwel and his Men imitating the Discipline of the ancient English with Swords in hand rushed into the thickest of their Enemies pelting them to death at a distance they looked on rather as a signe of cowardise then courage the Scotch not being well acquainted with that manner of Discipline did not like this rough handling and therefore betake themselves to their heels accounting that the safest way to save their lives but this shift fail'd them for Cromwel was as nimble in pursuit as resolute in fight Lieutenant-General Bayly finding smart blows on his back when he dared not turn his face being driven into Warrington Town there capitulates to deliver himself and four thousand with him prisoners at War which was immediately done VVe should here remember the Exployts of Hamilton himself if he had done any but more like a Duck then a Duke and General of an Army he flees away to Vttoxeter whither being pursued he was there taken prisoner by Col. Waite and about 3000 Horse with him He being soon after brought to London and not long after that to a Tryal for his Invasion this was one of his Plea's to his Charge That he was invited But he found very sorry entertainment for after he had been thus shamefully beaten he with others was adjudged to lose his head This great Battle was very considerable in many respects as to the Victory it self 2000 being slain on the several places and near upon 10000 prisoners taken one hundred Colours with all their bag and baggage then it conduced much to the carrying on the Parliaments Designes at that time and withal left no hope of relief for those stout hearts that so obstinately defended Colchester whose designes although they were against the times yet 't was an Honour for the Nation that it could produce such Men. Cromwel after this Victory being yet reeking hot with the slaughter of the Scots at Preston posts away to acquaint Monro who was then come into England as a reserve to the Duke with a considerable Force what was become of Hamilton and his great Army which was reputed so formidable that it 's very name terrified at a distance Monro having notice of his coming had learnt so much wit in Germany whilst he was in great Gustavus his service as to fight with none but them that were of his match and knowing the English would be too hard for him he withdraws back again into Scotland where presently after he was disbanded Cromwel having thus rid the whole Nation in general of a great fear and eased the North in particular of that sad burden they groaned under by the Plunder and Oppression of the Scots Army prosecutes his Victory to the utmost entring into Scotland it self In his vvay he reduced Barwick and Carlisle to their former obedience both being delivered on composition Before his entrance into Scotland he drew the Army to a Randezvouze on the Banks of Tweede and caused Proclamation to be made at the head of every Regiment of Horse and Foot that on the pain of death no Cattle nor Goods should be forc'd from the Scotch people by any of his Souldiers in their March without an especial order but that in all things they should demean themselves civilly in their March and Quarters not giving offence to any such care had this great Captain to observe the same Discipline in Scotland which before was established in England So taking his way directly for Edinburgh he was met by many of the Scotish Nobility and Gentry from the Committee of Estates with congratulatory Orations in honour of his worthy Atchievements acknowledging that his presence would conduce much to the settlement of their distracted Kingdom Being thus arrived at Edenburgh he was received with great demonstrations of joy and lodged in the Earl of Murray's House to him resorted the Lord Chancellor of that Kingdom the Earls of Leven Arguile Cassil the Lords Burley Wariston and David Lesley with many other persons of honour both of the Nobility and Gentry The Lord Provest with several eminent Citizens came to welcome him thither and present their service to him When these Visits were over he desired the Committee of Estates to seclude out of publick Office all that had any hand in or did in the least promote Hamiltons late Invasion To which the Committee condescended making this request withall being fearful of themselves and doubting new stirs might arise after the departure of the English Army that the General would leave some Forces with them which might be ready to quell any Insurrections promising that when they had raised a Force sufficient for their own defence then they would dismiss them and return them again to their own Country This was yeelded unto and Major General Lambert an experienced Souldier with three Regiments of Horse was appointed for the service Now things standing in this posture to the content of both parties the Scots invited Cromwel and the chief Officers of the Army to the Castle of Edenburgh whither they all went in Coaches and were highly treated at a Banquet prepared for them At their departure the great
Guns and small shot gave them many vollies for a farewel Thus was he welcomed by the Scots hereafter we shall see how he will welcome himself for this is not the last time which he means to visit them his next errand I fear will be less to their content Cromwel having now finished what he came about prepares to depart October the 16 1648. he leaves Edinburgh being conducted some miles on his way by Arguile and some other of the Scotch Nobility at whose parting great demonstrations of affection past betwixt them Cromwel now bends his course directly to Carlisle from thence marches Southerly to compel Col. John Morrice and those bold fellows to yeeld that held out Pontefract Castle This place though not very great was very considerable as to the strength of it but 't was not the Fortification nor Wall of Stones but the Wall of Bones as it were that made it so famous at this time all the Kingdom over The Garison consisted of about 400 Foot and 130 Horse bold desperate Fellows as may be perceived by some of their Actions One day there issued out of the Castle a party of Horse who fetcht in Sir Arthur Ingram and made him pay 1500 l. for his Ransom before he could get from them Again afterwards Captain Clayton and most of his Troop was seized upon by them and made prisoners 200 head of Cattle with many Horses they fetch'd into the Castle whilst Sir Henry Cholmley lay before it with his Forces to keep them in But the boldest trick of all was this One morning before day there sallied out 40 Horse who post away to Doncaster where Col. Rainsborough then quartered who had a Commission to command in chief before the Castle when they were come near the Town three of the party left their Fellows without and confidently marching in enquired for Col. Rainsborough's quarters which when they had notice of they entered pretending to deliver a Letter to him from Lieutenant-General Cromwel The Col. little dreaming that these were the Messengers of death confidently opens his Chamber door to receive the Letter but instead thereof he received that fatal wound into his heart that sent him to his grave And although his Forces were about him and kept guard in the Town yet these confident Fellows got back into the Castle in the middle of the day To curb these insolencies Cromwel immediately after he had setled the Northern Counties in peace and quietness comes to the Leaguer and having ordered the several Posts for a close Siege so that now they could not range abroad he left a strong party before it commanded by Lambert who was come thither out of Scotland Himself marches up to London and takes his place in the Parliament who were sufficiently sensible of the large testimony he had given in Scotland of his prudence in governing his Army whilst they were in that Kingdom and with what civility both Officers and Souldiers behaved themselves together with their care to avoid all causes of offence both in their Quarters and March They thereupon order the hearty thanks of the House of to be given to this worthy Captain which was accordingly done by the Speaker whilst he sate among them he receiving it with great humility after his manner not taking to himself the least of all those great things that were wrought by him but attributing them wholly to GOD who is the Giver of Victories Now the smooth countenance of Peace having once againe appeared over most part of the Nation the Parliament takes into consideration the punishment of the chief abettors and promoters of the late War and looking upon the King as a chief Instrument they resolve to bring him to a speedy Tryal in order whereunto a Charge was drawn up against him consisting of many Heads chiefly That he was the Promoter of the Rebellion in Ireland The Contriver of the Wars in England and what blood soever had been spilt in the Nation in the time of the Wars was put to his Charge as an Actor in and at many ingagements with many other Enormities and Crimes which they said he was guilty of To cary on this work thus begun a high Court of Justice was erected consisting of some Lords many Members of the House of Commons and Officers of the Army over whom was set Serjeant Bradshaw as President of the Court. All things being thus prepared the King was conducted to St. James's from Windsor by a party of Horse and afterward removed to Sir Robert Cottons House in order to his Tryal which lasted three days in fine he was condemned and presently after executed before his Palace of White-hall on Tuesday January the 30 1648. Thus fell King Charles a man indued with singular Vertues temperate he was above all his Predecessors both as to Wine and Women taking no more of the first then might well suffice and cherish Nature and for the last constant to one insomuch that none of all the preceding Kings that arrived to his years except his Royal Father could be compared to him He was a good Theologician not onely in the Theorick but Practis'd what he knew None ever undertook him in dispute but much admired his Parts even those Ministers which the Parliament sent to him in Isle of Wight besides many others the Earl of Worcester and Mr. Hendersen were both silenced with his Arguments He was endued with much Patience Prosperity and Adversity being both one to him working little else in him but onely to shew that he had an absolute command over his Passions and Affections His Actions in the last scene of his Life made many pity him who before had undervaluing thoughts of his Abilities looking upon him as too weak to bear the burden of three Kingdoms on his Shoulders In a word he wanted nothing but less confidence in those about him and more courage and resolution in himself to be a happy King This Tragedy being over the Parliament immediately changed the Government into a Commonwealth voting a King and House of Lords to be unnecessary and chargeable that the Supream Authority should reside in the House of Commons alone without King or Lords and to that effect imposed an Engagement to be taken by all persons before they should receive any benefit by the Law or enjoy any place of publick trust or profit which they could hinder them of This Pill many swallowed but did not like the taste had it not been wrapt about in gold their profit few would have put it to their Mouths The Stomacks of the Clergy most of all nauseated it being point-blank against the Covenant which they had taken not long before and endeavoured still to maintain Affairs of State standing thus the Parliament finde the Nation full of Souldiers that were lately disbanded some by force in the field as the Kings and others the Parliaments formerly in their service but now disbanded for supernumeraries these for the most part were men of Fortune who
former engagement and espoused their young Lady to the Dolphin of France which so enraged our young King Edward the sixth his father Henry being dead that he resolved Seeing the Foxes skin could not prevail To piece it with the Lions tayl And to that end sends an Army under the Duke of Somerset into Scotland to avenge himself on them for their perfidious dealing This Army exceeded not 18000 in number too small in appearance to deal with a whole Kingdom but greatness of courage supplying the paucity of their number they encountered the Scots neer Muscleborough where notwithstanding they doubled the English in multitude besides 3000 Monks Fryers and Kirk-men armed both with VVord and Sword they got the day and obtained a most compleat Victory But while they beat the bush the bird was flown into France Here many of the Scotish Nobility were taken prisoners one of which being brought to the English General and asked by him how he liked the Match answered wittily Very well but not that manner of wooing This Battel and that of Flodden-field four and thirty years before were both fought upon the Ninth of September as afterwards those of Worcester and Dunbar were both upon the Third of the same month so that that month seems to be more ominous to the Scotish Nation then any in the whole Kalendar This Digression hath been made onely to shew what endeavours there have been all along to unite these Kingdoms under one Head but nothing could effect it until King James came in by succession he being son to that Queen Mary formerly espoused to Edward the sixth This Line was thought perpetual and the Tye indissoluble according to the Motto upon King James his Coyn Que Deus conjunxit nemo separet But he that rules in the Kingdoms of men hath been pleased to over-rule their designs by a sudden cutting off of that Line and dissolving that League which was esteemed so inviolable By this means the Scots begin to play Rex as we have heard in part already but how and by whom they were reduced under the obedience and subjection of the English as at this day is our next work to shew they being as sings ingenious Mr. Waller's Panegyrick A Race unconquer'd by their Clime made bold The Caledonians arm'd with want and cold Have by a Fate indulgent to his fame Been from all Ages kept for him to tame Whom the old Roman wall so ill confin'd With a new Chain of Garisons he binde Here forraign Gold no more shall make them come For Cromwel's Iron holds them fast at home Cromwel was the man by whom this stupendious work was wrought who being now constituted Generalissimo for the Parliament of England as we have seen before made this improvement of his new honour adding this Conquest to his former Heroick atchievements And what order he observed in the carrying on of this business we shall now relate beginning where we left off before The Army being come up all together in a Body and quartered upon the very edge of Scotland as afore is shewed on July 22. 1650 the Lord General drew them forth to a Rendezvous upon a hill within Berwick bounds from whence they had a full view of the adjacent parts of Scotland the Stage whereon they were to act their parts in the ensuing Tragedies Here he made a Speech to his Souldiers exhorting them to be faithful and couragious and then not to doubt of a blessing from God and all encouragement from himself which was answered with loud and unanimous Acclamations from them who going thus chearfully about their work it was the more likely to prosper in their hands as indeed it did Upon this the Lord General marches his Army into Scotland quartering them that night in the field neer Mordington where he caused it to be proclaimed thorowout the Camp for the better conservation of good order and discipline That none on pain of death should offer violence or injury to the persons or goods of any in Scotland not in Arms and withal That no Souldier should presume without special license to straggle half a mile from the Army Hence they dislodge for Copperspeith thence to Dunbar where they are recruited with provisions from the English ships sent thither for that purpose the Country affording them none for the Scotch Estates had taken a course beforehand to sweep all the Country betwixt Berwick and Edinburgh of all things that might yeeld any comfort or succour to the English But this entertainment was not at all strange to the English it being but what they expected neither did it in the least appal or discourage them Their next remove is to Handington twelve miles from Edinburgh and all this without the least opposition not seeing all this while the face of an Enemy in Arms. But although they could not be seen yet they were heard of giving out that they would meet the English at Gladsmore The Lord General prepared to meet them accordingly and knowing his adversary exceeded him in number he laboured to possess the Moor before them to gain the advantage of ground in case they should meet him which it seems they never intended having no great stomack to fight Upon this Major-Gen Lambert and Colonel Whalley men of approved courage and valour with 1400 Horse were sent as a Van-guard to Muscleborough Major Hayns commanding the Forlorn fac'd the Scots within a mile of their Trenches The next day the Lord General with the main Body drew up before Edinburgh where some bickering happened about the possession of King Arthur's Hill a place within a mile of that Citie which the English obtained and soon after possest themselves of a Church and certain houses But notwithstanding all these provocations the Scots would not forsake their Trenches but lay upon the catch and according to the Proverb Harm watch harm catch so it fell out with them For the Lord General seeing no good to be done this way and that his Army was much wearied out with hard duty and continual rain drawing off to Muscleborough there to refresh and recruit his men with provisions the Scots would needs have one snap at parting and to that end came powdering down upon the last Reserve of the English Rere-guard and had like to have over-run them but Major-General Lambert and Colonel Whalley with his giment came in to their rescue routing the Scots and pursuing them to their Trenches In this Encounter Lambert received two wounds and the rest came not off altogether Scot-free for they left behind them one Lieutenant-Colonel one Major and some Captains with a few private souldiers for company By this defeat the English had an opportunity to march off quietly to Muscleborough that night although in a wet and weary condition expecting also every moment to be set upon as indeed at last they were for Col. Straughan and Montgomery very slyly followed them in the rere with the Kirk's Regiment of Horse and some others to the
sent them with a stately Tent and six fair Brass Ordnance for a Present to the King then at Sterling where all being joyned their Army consisted of 20000 men most raw or else but parboil'd having seen no Wars but what their own Country produced and being more acquainted with their fields then fights knew better how to handle a Spade then a Speare But though many of them were thus especially the new-raised Forces yet all were not so for Scotland being always numerous in people supplyed the neighbour-Nations with auxiliarie Forces so that many Regiments of them were always in the service of the Swede French Dutch and other Nations But now upon report of Wars in Scotland they repaired home to serve in their own Nation at this time against the English The Scotch Army being grown numerous was still augmented by Forces newly raised in all parts of the Nation where the King and States had any command yet more were desired to that purpose the Earl of Eglington an eminent person was sent into the VVest with some other Commanders to raise Forces these coming to Dunbarton began to put their Commissions in execution but Colonel Lilburn having notice of it sent them a party of Horse which suddainly snapt the Earl himself his Son Colonel James Mountgomery Lieutenant-Colonel Colborn c. whom they carried away prisoners to Edinburgh The Lord General Cromwel had now got strength to walk abroad notwithstanding the relapse he fell into after his first sickness and had it not been that he was of an extraordinary strong constitution the Ague which last of all seised upon him might have shook him into the grave But the Parliament in England seeing how frequent these distempers were upon their General and doubting the air of Scotland might be the cause of it the Council of State first of all sent him two eminent Doctors Dr. Wright and Dr. Bates to use their utmost skill in his recovery and presently after dispatched an Order into Scotland which gave him liberty to leave the business of the Army and repair into England until his health and strength was recovered Upon receipt of this he made a return of thanks by a Letter to the Lord President of the Council which ran thus My Lord I Having received yours of the 27 of May with an Order of the Parliament for my liberty to return into England for change of ayr that thereby I might the better recover my health all which came unto me whiles Dr. VVright and Dr. Bates whom your Lordship sent down were with me I shall not need to repeat the extremity of my last sickness it was so violent that indeed my nature was not able to bear the weight thereof but the Lord was pleased to deliver me beyond expectations and to give me cause to say once more He hath plucked me out of the Grave My Lord the indulgence of the Parliament expressed by their Order is a very high and undeserved favour which although it be fit I keep a thankful remembrance yet I judge it would be too much presumption in me not to return a particular acknowledgement I beseech you give me the boldness to return my humble thankfulness to the Council for sending two such worthy persons so great a journey to visit me from whom I have received much encouragement and good direction for recovery of health and strength which I finde by the goodness of God growing towards such a state as may yet if it be his good will render me useful according to my poor ability in the station wherein he hath set me I wish more steadiness in your Affairs here then to depend in the least upon so frail a thing as I am indeed they do not nor own any Instrument this Cause is of God and it must prosper Oh that all that have any hand therein being so perswaded would gird up the loyns of their minds and endeavour in all things to walk worthy of the Lord So prays My Lord Your most humble Servant O. CROMWEL Edinburgh June 3. Although sickness had a long time kept under the body of this noble General yet his courage was no way diminished by it for no sooner was he able to stir abroad but with eager desire of action he consults with the chief Officers of the Army to carry on the War The result of these Councils was to contract the Army by drawing in the out-guards or petty Garisons which were of little force and onely served for Perdues to give notice of the Enemies motions To Hamilton marcht Commissary-General Whally with eight Regiments of Horse and brought off a Troop of Dragoons and 60 Foot which were there placed afterward several other places were deserted by the Forces that kept them The Army being thus drawn into one body were supplyed with 33 Waggons and Carriages for the Train from Barwick and near upon the same time arrived by Sea Captain Butler in the Success a stout ship formerly taken from the French this was the Ship that wafted along the Golden Fleece and safely swom into Leith with a rich Cargazon of about 80000 l for to pay the Souldiers This money was presently distributed out to the Horse and Foot which mightily elevated their resolution to the present Expedition All things being now ready for this Champaigne the Lord General Cromwel ordered the Armies advance to Red-hall which was cheerfully done on June 24. 1651. At this place they onely tarried until the Souldiers had wholly quitted their Quarters and then marched off to Pencland hills a place which was well known to the English ever since the first enterance of the Army into Scotland when they took the confidence from thence to look big on the City of Edenburgh but now being in a braver condition then they were before having cut through the greatest difficulties of the VVar and advanced their Blood-red Cross on the top of the most impregnable places that durst withstand their invincible Force having made a breakfast of the South of Scotland they intended the North for a Dinner Therefore to make hast now their stomacks were up the Lord General Cromwel caused the whole Army to pitch their Camp on Pencland hills in such a comely Order and admirable Figure so that Julius Caesar himself could he have kept death off at the swords point and thereby survived to this Age might have turned Scholar and learnt the Rudiments of Modern Discipline by the Example of this excellent Commander How amiable was it to behold the towring Tents of the superiour Officers in various Figures and spreading Colours overlooking the Huts of the inferiour Souldiers like so many Pinacles in a well-built City that aspire over the humble Cottages administring a pleasant object to the delighted Traveller Here Military Discipline resembled the Civil Power all knowing their Duty and performing their Parts whilst General Cromwel the Head observed the Actions of every Member in this great Body with one hand stretched forth to reward the sober
the Scots desired Articles to depart in peace which Lambert though a man of War quickly condescended to and so the place was yeilded upon these Conditions 1. That the Souldiers in Garison who were about five hundred should march away with flying Colours 2. That the Towns People should have what belonged to them 3. That all provisions for War together with all Guns and shipping of War should be delivered up for the use of the Common-Wealth of England This place was of great concernment for besides the strength of it it was a most commodious Harbour and in many respects better then that at Leith and from thence the Army in the progress of their Conquests might have constant supplies of all necessaries The Lord General having dispatched his Affairs at Leith made no stay but immediatly crost the Frith to his Army then at Brunt Island where he finds all things governed by Lambert with much Prudence and Policie the Souldiers couragious and Commissary General Whalley with a strong Party of Horse abroad scouring the Sea-side of Fife having some Men of War by Sea attending his Motion The Activity of this excellent Commander was very eminent who quickly subjugated many small Forts and possest himself of all their Artillery with the Ships and Pinaces that lay near them for security Having now brought his Affairs to a very hopeful condition the Lord General placed Colonel Wests Regiment in Brunt Island and with the rest of the Army and Train of Artillery July 30. 1651. he marched away to reduce St. Johnstons thereby to stop the High-landers from offering to send any Supplies to Sterling either of Men or Provisions The swiftness of this March was such that in two dayes the English Army came within sight of the Town and no sooner had they faced the same but intelligence informed the Lord General what small resistance he was like to meet withal which news was no way unwelcome but most acceptable for now 't was hoped to obtain possession by words not by swords and therefore this Summons was sent in That being informed the Town was void of a Garison save the inhabitants and some few Country men he thought fit to send to them to deliver the same to him immediately and that he did thereby promise to secure their Persons from violence and their goods from plunder This Message was immediately sent away by a Trumpeter who as it was conceived would blow open the Gates and make a free entrance for the whole Army but it fell out contrary to expectation for this Messenger of Peace approaching one of the Gates he was denyed admittance and returned back again by the Towns-men with a short Reply That they were not in a capacity to receive any Letters This slighting of Peace had like to have made them uncapable of Mercy but that a speedy excuse from the Magistrates of the Town was sent forth to mend the matter which declared That the Kings Majesty had sent a very strong Party able to maintain the Town and over-power them with a Governour But alwayes to observe civility with his Lordship they had obtained leave from the Governour to excuse themselves by shewing how unable they were to treat This was strange but not so strange as true For the day before the Lord Dafferes had entered the town with 1300 souldiers and therefore General Cromwel once more resolved to try the strength of his pen in a new Summons to this new Governour before they felt the fury of his sword But this was to little purpose for Dafferes would not return the least line or word in answer This sullen silence caused the General to give a speedy Order for drawing away the Water out of the Moats round about the Town whilst three Regiments of Foot Col. Prides Reads and Maliverers boldly advanced and planted four great Guns which plaid furiously into the Town this continued for one night but the Governour next day finding himself in an Errour was unwilling to persist any longer in it for fear of being brought to the stool of Repentance and therefore sent out to desire a Treaty which being concluded upon it was there agreed to deliver up the Town to the Lord General Thus the English Army run on in a continued Series of Successes making all places that offered to withstand their invincible force bow in obedience and come under their command and all this without the least opposition from the Scots grand Army commanded by the King himself which had lain long in and about Sterling strongly intrenched as if their onely design had been to defend themselves fearing as 't was thought to offend their Enemies and therefore continued their station to no other purpose then to bring up the Rear in Cromwel's Triumphs But it fell out otherwayes for the English Army having advanced as far Northwards as St. Johnstons the King thought good to make use of the present opportunity seeing his Affairs in Scotland were reduced to a desperate condition and fearing the fate that hung over that Nation would inevitably fall upon his own head did not he prevent it by some extraordinary means therefore knowing a desperate Disease requires a desperate Cure and that being in a house ready to fall it would be the safest course by a sudden departure to save himself by seeking a better Habitation he presently took that course To which end first of all casting up his force he found it extended to about 16000 strong with these and hopes of farther help from Friends he resolves to venter for England it self not doubting if his success answered his desires to hook in both Scotland and Ireland into the Bargain This Resolution he resolves to put in execution and therefore hastens his souldiers to drive on the design Thursday July 31. 1651. all things being in readiness the Scotch Army began their march from Sterling and the sixth day after entered England by the way of Carlisle The noyse of this Irruption made a terrible Eccho through all the Nation especially in the ears of the Parliament at Westminster who were much startled with the suddenness of the Action But they like vigilant Statists doubting such a thing would happen had beforehand provided to welcome these new-come Guests and first of all Major General Harrison attended by 3000 Horse and Dragoons joyning himself with Colonel Rich and some other great Commanders marched away to salute them upon their entrance into England Then an Act was issued forth and sent into all the Counties of the Nation to raise up the Militia into a present posture of Defence and besides to make all sure another Act was presently sent abroad which prohibited correspondency with Charles Stuart or any of his Party wherein it was enacted and declared That no person whatsoever should presume to hold any correspondencie with the said Charles Stuart or with his Party or with any of them nor give any intelligence to them nor countenance encourage abet adhere to or assist
little and onely drank of Rhenish Wine afterwards General Montague shewed him all the parts and places of this excellent ship which so highly pleased the Cardinal that he protested Of all the sights he ever saw none in his life pleased him like this With this great satisfaction he returned again to the Shore and as at his comming for a welcome so again at his departure all the Men of War gave him their broad sides for a farewel The yeer gliding thus away in Victories and Triumphs Dunkirk inforc'd to grow under the shade of the English Oake and all prospering so well in Flanders as if Mars himselfe had born the English Banners caused endearing congratulations mutually to pass between the Protector and his Cozens of France The Lord Fawconbridge being made one of the blood by Matrimony carryed the first complement to Calice and there presented it to the King which was quickly after returned back again by Monsieur Mancini nephew to Cardinal Mazarine and the Duke de Crequi these arrived at London to present their respects which having done they returned with high satisfaction These being departed another far-less-welcom Messenger arrived at the English Court even Death it self who came to require of our great Cromwel what was his due by Nature Him no Arguments can perswade nor Policies evade here Prayers and Tears prevail not neither can money bribe him Promises of Preferment signifie nothing with him for he lays all earthly Honour in the dust His fatal Sickle cuts down all The first Symptomes of this great mans last sickness appeared presently upon the death of his Daughter Cleypole whose end is thought by many to have hastened his dissolution About the beginning of October his distemper discovered it self to be an Ague which conspiring with a combination of other malignant distempers so depressed his vitals that he fell into many Trances before his final exit the intervals of which wherein he gained some repose he spent in conferences with Dr. Owen Dr. Goodwin and several other Divines and with his Privie Counsellors with these about the Succession here with the other about his own possession hereafter To succeed him in the Protectorship he appointed his eldest Son Richard In the evening before his departure he was heard to pray thus Lord I am a miserable Creature yet I am in Covenant with thee through grace and I may I will come unto thee for thy people Lord thou hast made me though very unworthy a mean Instrument to do them some good and thee service and many of them had too high value of me though others would be glad of my fall but Lord howsoever thou disposest of me do good for them Give consistencie of Judgment one heart and mutual love unto them Let the name of Christ be glorious throughout the world Teach those who look with much affection to thy Instrument to depend more upon thee Pardon such as delight to trample upon the ashes of a worm for they are thy people too And Pardon the folly of this short Prayer even for Jesus Christ his sake Afterwards his sickness violently increasing upon him it separated his soul from his body on Friday the third of September 1658. near three of the clock in the afternoon death then became a Conquerour and overcame him that before had vanquished the Scotch Armies twice on the same day of the year The Corpse presently after his expiration being embalmed and wrapped up in a Sheet of Lead was on the twenty sixt of September about ten at night privately removed from White-Hall in a mourning Herse attended by his domestick Servants to Somerset-House where it remained in private for some days till all things were in readiness for publike view which being accomplished his Effigies was with great state magnificence exposed openly multitudes daily flocking to see the sight which appeared in this order The first room where the Spectators entered was wholly hung with black at the upper end whereof was placed a Cloath and Chair of State In like manner was the second and third rooms all having Scutcheons very thick upon the Walls and Guards of Partizans placed in each room for people to pass through The fourth room was compleatly hung with black Velvet the Ceiling being of the same here lay the Effigies with a large Canopy of black Velvet fringed which hung over it The Waxen Picture lying upon it's back was apparel'd in a rich Suit of Velvet robed in a little Robe of Purple-Velvet laced with a rich gold Lace and furr'd with Ermins upon the Kirtle was a large Robe of Purple-Velvet laced and furr'd as the former with rich strings and tassels of gold The Kirtle was girt with a rich embroydered Belt wherein was a Sword bravely guilt and hatched with gold which hung by the side of this fine thing In the right hand was a Scepter in the left a Globe upon his head was placed a Purple-Velvet Cap furr'd with Ermines sutable to the Robes behind the head was placed a rich Chair of Tissued Gold whereon was placed an Imperial Crown which lay high that the people might behold it The Bed of State whereon he lay was covered with a large Pall of black Velvet under which was a Holland sheet borne up by six stools covered with Cloath of gold About the Bed was placed a compleat suit of Armes and at the feet of the Effigies stood his Crest This bed had fixt about it an Ascent of two steps a little from thence stood eight silver Candlesticks about five foot high with white wax Tapers standing in them of three foot long All these things were environed with Rails and Ballasters four-square covered with Velvet at each corner whereof there was erected an upright Pillar which bore on their tops Lions and Dragons who held in their Paws Streamers crowned On both sides of the Bed were set up in sockets four great Standards of the Protectors Armes with Banners and Banrols of War painted upon Taffaty About the Bed stood men in Mourning bare-headed and without the Rails others to receive people in and turn them out again When this Shew had been seen for many weeks together the Scoene was then altered the Efsigies being removed into another room it was there set up standing upon an Ascent under a Cloath of State being vested as it was before lying onely now his Purple-Velvet Cap was changed for a Crown In the same manner as formerly were men waiting upon him bare-headed In this posture he continued until the 23 of November which day was appointed to carry him with all solemnity to Westminster Abby This great Funeral was performed with very great Majesty in this manner following All things being in readiness the Waxen Picture of the Protector with a Crown on his head a Sword by his side a Globe and Scepter in his Hands was taken down from his standing and laid in an open Chariot covered all over with black Velvet adorned with Plumes and Scurcheons and drawn