succeeded the King his Father the 14th of May 1643. He was declared Major or at Age the 7th of September 1651. Consecrated at Reims 1654 and Married at St. John de Luz's the 9th of the same Month 1660. As to his Consecration or Anointing for so the French call the Coronation of their Kings though the Medals made on that occasion bear date the 31th of May you are to remark that it was not performed till the 7th of June of the said Year 1654. I thought I could not give you a more faithful Draught of the Person of our Invincible Monarch than that which I have borrowed from the words of the late Archbishop of Paris in the History that Illustrious and Learned Prelate composed of Henry the Great Yes Sir saith he to him Heaven has given you a generous good and bounteous Soul a Wit sublime and capable of the greatest things an happy and easy Memory an Heroick and Martial Courage a clear and solid Judgment a strong and vigorous Body and over and above all this another very particular advantage and that is That Majestic Presence that Air and Gate almost Divine that shape and that beauty worthy of the Empire of the Vniverse that attracts the Eyes and Respect of the whole World and which without the Force of Arms and without the Authority of Commands wins you all those to whom your Majesty is pleased to shew your Self The King of France is called Most Christian for the great and Signal Services received by the Church and the Holy See from this Crown He is also for the same reason stiled the Eldest Son of the Church and by several Bulls of Popes a priviledge has been granted to the Kings of France that they should not be liable to Excommunication nor their Subjects absolved of the Oath of Allegiance due to them This Monarch is in point of precedence the first King of Christendom notwithstanding the opposition of the Kings of Spain who never disputed or did so much as take place next after our Kings before the time of the Emperour Charles the Fifth and then other Kings preceded them It is true indeed that that Emperour being likewise King of Spain because his Ministers and Ambassadours preceded those of France as representing the Emperour the Spaniards under his Successour Philip the Second who was only King of Spain endeavoured under that pretence in the Year 1558. at Venice to gain the Precedence of France but that Republick regulated that dispute and ordered the Precedence to be continued to the Ambassadours of France as Pope Paul the Fourth had done before And Philip the Fourth the King of Spain last deceased agreed to it by the satisfaction he caused to be made to the King of France by the Marquess de la Fuente his Ambassadour Extraordinary in the presence of eight Ambassadours and twenty two Residents or Agents the 24th of March 1662. for the Assault made by his Ambassadour on ours in England in October 1661. The Title of the King of France is so Excellent and so much exalted above that of other Kings that Suidas an ancient Greek Author writes that in the World when it is said only the King without naming who it was meant of the King of France Matthew Paris calls him Terrestrium Rex Regum the King of Earthly Kings And Bodin says that that King is Emperour in France and many assert it to be a common notion of all the Nations of the World that the Quality of King is much more sublime than that of Emperour Pope Gregory the first lib. 9. Ep. 6. Writing to Childebert King of France says that the Kings of France as much surpass all other Kings of the Earth as the Royal Dignity is exalted above the rest of men CHAP. IV. The Genealogy of the Royal Branch of Bourbon SAint Lewis the Ninth of that Name had four Sons of which there was none but Philip the Bold and Robert his Fourth Son that left Issue Of this Robert Count of Clermont who was afterward Lord or Sire of Bourbon are descended our Kings in manner as follows Robert Count of Clermont in the Country of Beauvais Married Beatrix Sole Heiress of John of Burgundy Count of Charolois and of Agnes Daughter of Archimbald the Younger Sire of Bourbon and by her he had Lewis Sire of Bourbon in favour of whom the said Land Sirerie Lordship or Barony of Bourbon was erected into a Dutchy or Peerage by Philip de Valois in the Year 1329. which Lordship belonged to him in right of his Mother whose Name he bore according to the Articles of the Contract of Marriage between his Father and Mother Lewis had Issue Peter Duke of Bourbon and James Earl of Ponthieu and de la Marche Constable of France But because the Masculine Line of the said Peter is extinct we shall leave it to speak of that of James of Bourbon Earl of Ponthieu James of Bourbon Earl of Ponthieu had John of Bourbon by Jean de Chatillon Daughter of the Earl of St. Paul John of Bourbon had by Catharine of Vendome Sister and Sole Heiress of Bouchard last Count of Vendome James King of Naples who leaving no Children transferred the Birth-right to his Brother Lewis Lewis of Bourbon Count of Vendome Grand Master of France had by Jean Daughter of Guy Count de Laval Lord of Gaure John the Second of that Name Earl of Vendome John the second of Bourbon had by Isabelle of Beauvais Daughter of the Lord of Pressigny Francis his Successour and Earl of Vendome and Lewis Prince de la Roche Sur-Yon Francis of Bourbon had five Children by Marie of Luxemburg Countess of St. Paul the Eldest was Charles Count and made Duke of Vendome by King Francis the First Charles the First of Bourbon Duke of Vendome had seven Male Children by Francise Daughter of Renie Duke of Alencon of which there were but two that left Issue viz. Antony of Bourbon who succeeded him as first Heir and was afterward King of Navarre and Lewis of Bourbon Prince of Condé Duke of Anguien Marquess of Conti Count of Soissons which latter had among other Children Henry the First of that Name Prince of Condé whose Son Henry the Second Prince of Condé was Father of Lewis of Bourbon Prince of Condé of Armand of Bourbon late Prince of Conti and of Anne-Geneveve of Bourbon Dutchess of Longueville who had Children as we shall say afterward Antony of Bourbon Duke of Vendome had by Joan d' Albret Queen of Navarre Daughter of Henry the Second of that Name King only of Navarre and of Margaret d' Angouleme-Valois Daughter of Francis the First King of France Henry the third of that Name of Navarre who reuniting together the two Crowns of France and Navarre was named Henry the Great the Fourth of that Name King of France and Navarre Father of Lewis the Just and Grandfather of Lewis our glorious Monarch who by his great Actions as well as his Grandfather has
acquired to himself the Surname of Great You are to remark that as soon as any Branch of the Blood Royal comes to the Crown that they quit their former Surnames and take up that of France So the King stiles himself Lewis of France and not of Bourbon in which several people have been mistaken and Monsieur Philip of France c. though they Sign only with their Christian-Name without adding of France CHAP. V. Of the Children of France THE Children of France are only the Kings Children the Children of the Dauphin or the Kings Eldest Son and the Kings Brothers or Sisters and the Brothers Children the Sisters being always either Married abroad or made Religious all others of the Royal Family are called Princes of the Blood The first Son of the Kings of France is called the Dauphin and the second Son of France is called Monsieur without addition of any other Title But after the Dolphin his younger Brethren are Dukes of Orleans of Anjou of Alencon of Valois of Touraine of Berry of Ponthieu and other Apanages these younger bear the Surname of France and Sign only with their proper Names as the King does so likewise do the Daughters of France who are stiled Ladies The Dauphin was Born at Fountain-Bleau the first of November 1661. about Noon and Baptized at St Germains en Laye in the Court of the Old Castle the 24th of March 1668. by Cardinal Antony Barberin Great Almoner of France His Godfather was our Holy Father Pope Clement the Ninth Represented by the Cardinal Duke of Vendome Legate à Latere and his Godmother the Queen Mother of England Represented by the Princess of Conty who named him Lewis The Dauphin is Heir Apparent of the Crown of France and bears the Title of Dauphin by vertue of a Donation of the Province of the Dauphinate made by Humbert last Prince Dauphin of Viennois to Philip de Valois in the Year of our Lord 1349. upon condition the Eldest Sons of the Kings of France should thenceforward be stiled Dauphins For that reason he bears the Arms of France Quarter'd with those of the Dauphinate environed with the two Orders of the King because the Sons of France wear the blue Ribband from their Cradles His Coronet is raised with Flower-deluces as is that of all the Sons of France Some Authors had formerly without any ground affirmed the Dauphins used to wear their Coronets closed by way of Excellence but the Abbot of Brianville who had likewise upon their credit averred the same thing in his Game of the Coats of Arms of Europe hath since found the contrary upon all the Seals Coins and other Monuments and afterwards presented to the King such a Coronet of his own Invention closed by four Dolphins whose Tails meet all in a Button or knob with four Angels supporting a Flower-deluce which his Majesty liked so well that he order'd the Dolphin should wear no other The Princess that Heaven has replenisht with all sorts of Vertues to be the worthy Spouse of my Lord the Dauphin is named Marie-Ann-Christine-Francise-Josephe-Terese-Antoinette-C ajetane-Hyacinthe Felicia-Victoria of Bavaria Born in 1660. the 28th of November or the 18th old Stile She is only Sister to the present Elector of Bavaria Daughter of Ferdinand-Marie late Elector of Bavaria and of Henriette-Adelaide of Savoy Her Marriage with the Dauphin was Celebrated at Municke in Bavaria the 28th of January 1680. and the Ceremonies or the Benediction of the said Marriage was renewed in France at Chaalons in the Chappel of that Bishoprick between the hours of 7 and 8 at Night the 7th of March the same Year by the Cardinal of Bouillon Great Almoner of France who next Morning said the solemn Mass on that occasion By her he has three Sons the Duke of Burgundy the Duke of Anjou and the Duke of Berry Monsieur the Duke of Burgundy was Born at Versailles the 6th of August 1682. about a quarter and five or six minutes of an hour after ten at Night Some call him Monseigneur or My Lord Duke of Burgundy He is a very handsome Prince and seems to be very healthy He was sprinkled that is he received the essential part of Baptism without the Ceremonies which in the Children of France are commonly deferred some Years by the Cardinal of Bouillon Great Almoner of France presently after his Birth The King sent him the Cross of the Order of the Holy Ghost by the Marquess of Signelay Minister and Secretary of State and Treasurer of the Orders of his Majesty The Duke of Anjou was Born at Versailles at half an hour after four in the Morning on Sunday the 19th of December 1683. The Duke of Berry was Born on Saturday the 21st of August Old Stile and the last of August New Stile 1686. The Children of France that are deceased were 1. The most High and Mighty Princess the Lady Anne-Elizabeth of France was Born the 28th of November 1663. and died in the Castle of the Louvre the 10th of January 1664. 2. The most High and Mighty Princess the Lady Marie-Anne of France was Born the 17th of November 1664. and died in the Castle of the Louvre the 26th of December the same year 3. The most High and Mighty Princess the Lady Marie-Terese of France was Born half an hour past ten at Night the second of January 1667. and died the 1st of March 1672. at the Age of five Years and two Months She was Baptized in the Chappel of the Tuilleries in January 1668. and had for Godfather Monsieur the Present Duke of Orleans and for Godmother Madame the late Dutchess Dowager of that Name 4. The most High and Mighty Prince the Lord Philip Son of France Duke of Anjou was Born the 5th of August 1668. at St. Germains en Laye where he died the 7th of July 1671. at the Age of three years wanting 25 days He was Baptized in the Chappel of the Tuilleries by Cardinal Antony Barberin Great Almoner of France the 24th of March 1669. his Godfather was the Emperour represented by the Duke of Orleans and his Godmother the then Queen of Spain Represented by his Sister the Lady Marie-Terese of France 5. The most High and Mighty Prince the Lord Lewis-Francis Son of France also Duke of Anjou was Born the 14th of June 1672. and died the 4th of November the same year These two Dukes of Anjou are here placed according to the order of their Birth after the Ladies their Sisters though 't is well known they being of the nobler Sex took place before them though they were elder which Order is observed by the Officers of both Sexes that served them When there are any Children of France They are served by several of the Kings Officers As for Example The Kings Chaplains say Mass every day in their Chamber The Chief Physician or one of the Physicians of the quarter is present when they are shifted the Valets de Chambre come thither and serve them too The Door-Keepers do their
this Family still maintain a Rank comformable to their Extraction as they formerly did enjoying the same Honours and Prerogatives as the fore-mentioned Families This Family has had several Alliances with our Kings with the Emperours and with the Kings of England Scotland Spain Arragon and Navarre and if Anne the Heiress of Brittany who was afterward Queen of France and Wife both to Charles the VIII and Lewis the XII had died without Children there was no Family nearer to succeed to that Dutchy than this But the better to particularize in Order those which at present remain of this Illustrious Family we shall make this Observation That they descend all from these three following Heads or Chiefs 1. From the late Henry Duke of Rohan 2. From the late Peter Prince of Guémené 3. From his late Brother Hercules of Rohan Duke of Montbazon 1. The late Henry Duke of Rohan Prince of Leon left by Margaret of Leon his Wife Daughter to the late Duke of Suilly Margaret of Rohan his only Heiress who died the 9th of April 1684. In her the Dutchy of Rohan as well as the Vicounty of Leon fell to the Distaffe as they call it in France She Married Henry Chabot Lord of St. Aulaye the last in Rank of the Barons of Jornac and Grand-Child to Admiral Chabot and died the 27th of February 1655. by whom she had a Son and three Daughters viz. 1. Lewis de Rohan-Chabot Peer of France of whom we shall speak among the Dukes and Peers 2. Anne Chabot de Rohan Married the 16th of April 1663. to Francis of Rohan Prince of Soubize 3. Margaret Chabot of Rohan Widow of the Marquiss of Coëtquen Governour of St. Malo who died the 24th of April 1679. 4. Joan-Pelagia Chabot of Rohan called Madamoiselle of Leon She was Married to the Prince d' Epinoy the 11th of April 1668. II. The late Peter of Rohan Prince of Guémené Count of Montauban Elder Brother of the late Duke of Montauban Married Magdalene of Rieux Daughter to the Lord of Chateau-neuf by whom he had Anne of Rohan who was Married to the late Lewis of Rohan her Cousin-German as we shall show further in due place III. The late Hercules of Rohan Duke of Montbazon Count of Rochefort Knight of the Kings Orders Peer and Great Huntsman of France Governour of the City of Paris and Gentleman-Usher to Queen Marie of Medicis who died in the year 1654. Married to his first Wife Magdalene of Lenoncourt Daughter and sole Heir of Henry of Lenoncourt and the Lady Francise Laval and to his second in the year 1628. Marie of Brittany Daughter of the Count of Vertus By both which he had the Children following His Children by the first Wife were 1. Lewis of Rohan the Seventh of that Name Prince of Guémené Duke of Montbazon Peer and Great Huntsman of France Knight of the Kings Orders who died the 19th of February 1667. in the 68th year of his Age He Married Anne de Rohan Princess of Guémené his Cousin-German above-mentioned who died the 14th of March 1685. by whom he had one Son viz. Charles de Rohan Duke of Montbazon Peer of France Count of Rochefort and of Montauban who Married Joan Armanda of Schomberg Daughter and Sister of the two late Counts and Marshals of that Name by whom he has these following Children 1. Charles of Rohan Prince of Guémené Duke of Montbazon who Married to his first Wife Madamoiselle de Luyne Marie-Anne d' Albret who died the 21st of August 1679. and to his second on the 2d of December the same year Charlotte-Elizabeth de Cochefilet called Madamoiselle de Vauvineux 2. John-Baptist-Armandus of Rohan called The Abbot of Rohan 3. John of Rohan called the Prince of Montauban who in 1682. Married N .... de Bautru Nogent Widow of the Marquiss of Ranes Lieutenant General of the Kings Armies 4. Anne of Rohan called Madamoiselle of Guémené 5. Elizabeth of Rohan called Madamoiselle of Montbazon Born the 25th of March 1643. 6. And Madamoiselle of Montauban 2. The late Marie de Rohan Dutchess Dowager of Chevreuse who died the 13th of August 1679. was Daughter to the same late Hercules of Rohan by the same Wife She was first Married to Charles D' Albot Duke of Luyne Peer Constable and Great Falconer of France Knight of the Kings Orders Principal Gentleman of the Kings Bed-Chamber and Governour of Picardie who died in 1621. By whom she had Lewis-Charles d' Albert Duke of Luyne who was first Married to Lewise-Marie Seguier Daughter of the Marquisse d' O by whom he had several Children and since to the abovesaid Madamoiselle of Montbazon The same Marie of Rohan after the Death of the said Constable of Luyne was Married again as we have said to Claudius of Lorain Duke of Chevreuse and had by him three Daughters of whom there remains only Henriette of Lorain Abbess of Joüare The Children of the said late Hercules of Rohan by his second Wife were one Son and two Daughters viz. I. Francis of Rohan Prince of Soubize Count of Rochefort in Iveline Lieutenant-Captain of a Company of the Kings Gens d' armes Governour of Berry and Lieutenant General of the Kings Armies who on the 16th of April 1663. Married his Cousin Madamoiselle de Rohan Lady of Honour to the Queen By whom he has had several Children the Eldest of which is 1. Lewis of Rohan of Soubize who was Baptized at the Royal Chappel at St. Germains en Laye the 16th of February 1675. Their Majesties being pleased to stand for his Godfather and Godmother 2. Hercules-Meriadec of Rohan Abbot of St. Taurin of Evreux called the Abbot of Rohan 3. Anne-Margaret of Rohan of Soubize who is a Nun in the Convent of the Benedictin Nuns of Nostre Dame de Consolation in the Street called the Rue de Chasse-midy in the Suburbs of St. Germain at Paris 4. Madamoiselle de Frontenay N. ◠de Rohan 5 6. Two Boys more II. Constance Emilia of Rohan who was Married by Proxy on the 18th of May 1683. to Don Joseph Rodrigo de Camara Son of Don Miguel de Camara Count de Ribeyra-grande Grandee of Portugal This Don Joseph-Rodrigo de Camara is of the Privy Council to the present King of Portugal Governour and Captain-General and Lord of the Island of St. Michael and of the Town de Poule-Delgade The Ceremony of the Espousals was performed the day before at Versailles in the Kings Great Cabinet in Presence of their Majesties of my Lord the Dauphin and my Lady Dauphiness of Monsieur and Madame and of all the Princes and Princesses and principal Lords of the Court She arrived in Portugal in the Month of October 1683. Of the Family of Tremoille I. The late Prince of Tarente Charle-Henry de la Tremoille Duke of Thoüars Peer of France Knight of the Order of the Garter bore Arms in Holland and was General of the Cavalry of the States of the United Provinces and Governour of Bois le
Duc for the said Lords States He made Abjuration of the reformed Religion before the Bishop of Anger 's the 3d of September 1670. and died the 14th of September 1672. He Married on the 1st of May 1648. the Princess Emilia of Hessen Sister to William Landgrave of Hessen-Cassel who was Born in 1626. by whom he left divers Children viz. 1. Charles-Belgick-Holland de la Tremoille Duke of Thoüars Peer of France Prince of Tarente c. who has the Reversion of the Place of one of the Principal Gentlemen of the Kings Bed-chamber after his Father-in-Law the Duke of Crequi He Married on the 3d of April 1675. Madamoiselle of Crequi named Magdalene of Crequi onely Daughter to the Duke of Crequi by whom he has Issue a Daughter N ..... of Tremoille Born in 1677. and a Son N .... of Tremoille Born in 1683. 2. William Frederick of Tremoille Prince of Talmont Abbot of Charroux c. and Canon of Strasburg 3. Charlotte-Emilia of Tremoille who having been Married in Denmark the 29th of May 1680. to Antony of Altemburg Count of Oldenburg became a Widow four Months after 4. N ..... of Tremoille 5. N ..... of Tremoille II. Marie of Tremoille their Aunt called heretofore Madamoiselle of Tremoille who was Married on the 18th of July 1662. to Prince Bernard of Saxe-weimar Son of Duke William Of the Brothers and Sisters of the deceased Henry Duke of Tremoille Grandfather to the present Duke who died the 21st of January 1674. There remains the Issue that follows 1. Of the late Frederick of Tremoille Count of Laval c. who died at Venice in February 1642. of a Wound he received in a Duel against the Sieur du Coudray-Montpensier there remain some natural Children by Mrs. Anne Orpe an English Gentlewoman and one Daughter by N .... de Moussi a Venetian Lady 2. Henry-Steven of Tremoille whose Birth was Controverted in the Court of Parliament of Paris and declared Illegitimate by a Sentence of the 23d of March 1647. 3. Charlotte of Tremoille Married to the Lord James Stanly Earl of Darby King in Man c. Eldest Son to the late Earl William and the Lady Elizabeth Vere He did great Services to the late King Charles the First in the Civil Wars against the Rebellious Parliamenteers Of this Marriage are come several Children Those which remain at present of the two Branches of Tremoille-Royan and Tremoille-Noirmoutier are second Cousins to the Prince of Tarente last deceased who was Charles-Henry of Tremoille The House of Tremoille at the late Treaties of Munster and Nimguen Represented the pretensions it has to succeed Frederick of Arragon last King of Naples in that Kingdom I have not mentioned the Family of Epernon because there remains none of it but one Daughter who is a Carmelite Nun and Marie of Cambout Dutchess Dowager of that Name Before I put an end to this Chapter it will not be amiss to tell you what it is to have The Pour or The for as they term it which is a Priviledge at Court allowed only to Princes of the Blood or to Legitimated Princes or to such Lords who as those of this last sort have the Priviledge and Rank of Princes To explain then what is the meaning of having the Pour or the for at Court You must know That in France 't is a thing immemorially practised by the Kings Harbengers called Fouriers to mark out before-hand Lodgings in private Houses in all places whither the Court is to remove for all the great Persons Officers and Attendants belonging to it without consulting the leave or liking of the Owners who are bound to furnish the Rooms and supply necessaries according to the respective Quality as well of the Owner as of the Person or Persons he is to lodge at a certain stinted inconsiderable rate Now these Harbingers or Fouriers mark the Doors of the Houses or Chambers they single out for these purposes with Chalk and if it be only for an ordinary or mean Officer or any Person beneath the Quality above-specified then they mark out in Chalk only the Name of the Person without further addition but when they mark out any House or Rooms for Persons of this high Quality They then prefix this word Pour i. e. for and write Pour i. e. for Monsteur or Monseignour tel i. e. Mr. or My Lord such a one And this is called Having The Pour It is to be observed That there are some particular Lords in France that bear the stile of Princes as a thing annexed to the Lands they possess which have the Title of Principalities such as are The Principalities of Dombes and of La Roche-sur-Yon lately belonging to Madamoiselle of Orleans Montpensier of Martigues and Anet to the Duke of Vendome of Neuf-Chatel and Wallenghin in Suisserland to the House of Longueville and of Chatel-aillon in the Country of Rochel to the Barony of Joinville belonging to the House of Guise Erected into a Principality the 9th of May 1552. Of Guémené belonging to the Prince of that Name Erected in 1570. and verified in Parliament the same year Of Soubize Erected into a Principality by Letters Patents of the Month of March 1667. and verified in Parliament the first of July the same year That of Talmont belonging to the House of Tremoille That of Tarente in Italy which though it be in the possession of the King of Spain yet the right thereof is pretended to by the said House of Tremoille and accordingly the Eldest Son of that House takes thence his Title That of Soyon in Vivarais belonging to the Duke d' Vses Of Enrichemont de Boisbelle to the Duke of Suilly Of Mortaigne sur Gironde to the Duke of Richelieu Of Marsillac to the Duke of La Rochefoucault Of Leon an ancient Principality in Brittany to the Duke of Rohan Of Tingrie in the Country of Bologne and of Lusse to the Duke of Piney-Luxemburg Of Bidache to the Duke of Gramont Of Chateau-Portien to the Duke of Mazarine Erected into a Principality by Charles the Ninth the 4th of June 1561. Of Poix to the Duke of Crequi Of Buch to the Duke of Foix-Rendan Of Bedeilles to the Countess of Marsan Of Carency to the House of Escars La Vauguyon Of Chalais to the House of that Name Of Yvetot to the House of Crevan-cing◠Of Amblise to the House of Anglure Of Delain in the Franche-County to the Marquiss of Montglat Of Chabanois in the Country of Angoumois built on the Bank of the River of Vienna to the Marquiss of Sourdis Although those that are possest of these Principalities have not the Rank of Princess unless they be otherwise so in one of those four Mannors last above described but only enjoy that place which is due to them among the other Dukes and Peers of France if they be such Of whom we shall treat further under that Title CHAP. XI Of the Royal Housholds Of the Kings Houshold and of the Ecclesiastical Officers of the Kings Houshold
to Kiss There are eight Clerks of the Chappel and Oratory that serve Quarterly two each Quarter before the King or before the Dauphin and his Children They have each 180 l. a year Wages paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold for three Months Service to the King and Diet at the Almoners Table at Court during their said three Months Service 75 l. a piece paid by the Treasurers of the Offrings for Furniture for the Kings Chappel 90 l. Wages or recompense at the Treasure Royal for serving every other year at the Dauphins and their diet at the Serdeau's or Deservers Table at the Dauphins and when no Table is kept half a Pistol a day for their diet as have the Chaplains 100 l. for Furniture for the Dauphins Chappel They have likewise every other year 90 l. recompense paid at the Treasure-Royal for three Months serving the Duke of Burgundy 270 l. for their diet at their quarters end paid at the Chamber of Deniers and 100 l. for the Furniture of that Chappel paid likewise at the Treasure Royal which makes up one year with another 580 l. Revenue yearly besides their diet at Court and some other profits as for Fees due to them from Bishops and others at their taking the Oaths of Allegiance to the King in his Chappel and Oratory c. Besides all this when his Majesty gives Mourning at any time to the Officers of his Houshold and of his Chappel the Clerks of the Chappel and Oratory have an equal allowance with the Chaplains as it was confirmed in 1684. at the Mourning for the late Queen Marie-Teresa of Austria the Clerks of the Chappel having allowed them on that occasion 50 Crowns as well as the Chaplains for every Marriage Celebrated in the Kings Presence his Majesty allows them 20 golden Lewis's paid by the Principal Valet de Chambre then in Waiting which are at present divided between the two Chaplains and the two Clarks of the Chappel who are in waiting at the time of such a Ceremony The Chaplains and Clarks of the Chappel in the absence of the Almoners may perform almost all the Functions which they might do if present being as it were their Vicars by their places You are to observe that of the three Officers last named viz. Of the Almoners Chaplains and Clarks of the Chappel when they go out of waiting with the King there enters into waiting with the Dauphin one Almoner one Chaplain and one Clark of the Chappel and with the Dauphins Children only one Chaplain and one Clark of the Chappel You are likewise to observe that in the general Account-Books of the Kings Houshold the Ecclesiastical Officers are called Masters and in the Book of Accounts of the Chamber of Deniers the first eight Chaplains and the eight other Clarks of the Chappel are equally placed under the Title of the Kings sixteen Chaplains There are two Grooms of the Chappel who have 600 l. a year each The 20th of December 1669. the King Created an Office of Master of the Ecclesiastical Ceremonies of his Chappel and Oratory which is at present vacant He began first to exercise the Functions of his place on All Saints day in 1668. and bore for a mark of his Office a Staff about the length of a Singing Mans Staff covered with Violet-coloured Velvet wrought with Flower de luces and headed with a Crown Royal and used to serve principally at high Masses Vespers and other Ecclesiastical Ceremonies where his Majesty was present or that were performed by his Order He had 1500 l. per annum Wages paid quarterly The 2d of December 1681. The King Created an Office of Vestry-Keeper of his Chappel and Oratory who has 900 l. a year Wages and 1095 l. a year for his Diet and takes an Oath of Fidelity in presence of the Lord Great Almoner Note The manner of taking the Oath of Fidelity is thus The Party who takes the Oath kneeling on his Knees puts his hands joined between the Kings or any other dignified persons hands who receives the said Oath and so pronounces the Oath and after Kisses the Gospels which are presented to him and this is the reason of the French Phrase Prèter serment entre les mains du Roy to take an Oath between the Kings Hands when they speak of taking one to him CHAP. XIII Of the Musick of the Kings Chappel THE Musick of the Kings Chappel is composed of a Master of the Kings Chappel-Musick who is at present the Archbishop of Reims c. and has under the name of Wages 1200 l. and 3000 l. more for his Table at Court paid at the Chamber of Deniers He receives the Oath of Fidelity from the four Chaplains for the High-Masses from five Clerks from the Musick-Masters Organists and Singers and others of the Chappel-Musick Four Masters of the Musick that serve each their quarter The first of these performs all the Ecclesiastical Functions of a Musick-Master during the half year beginning from January and besides during all the same time he has care of the nourishment Education and maintenance of the Pages of the Musick And the second has the like care of them during the other half year You are to take Notice that in the Account-Books of the smaller expences by which all Wages of the Chappel-Musick are payed they are only stiled Under-Masters of the Musick Two Composers of the Musick 50 Crowns Four Organists 600 l. They serve quarterly There are several Musicians that serve all by the half year at the ordinary allowance for Diet and Maintenance of 900 l. a year and the Pages of the Musick c. Two Fouriers or Harbingers of the Chappel of the Kings Musick serving by the half year Two Grooms and one Landrer of the Musick Chappel Of the Clergy of the Kings Houshold and Court in general Thus much of the Ecclesiastical Officers that serve about the King and other Royal Persons There are besides them other Ecclesiastical Officers appointed for the Kings Houshold and the whol-Court in general viz. Six Almoners of the Kings Houshold serving every six Months whereof the last was added in 1670. whereas there were but five before They have for their Wages a Denier being the twelfth part of a penny upon every Liver or twenty pence French out of the Wages of all the Officers Commoners of the Kings Houshold each receiving 331 l. 2 pence and 48 l. besides at the Chamber of Deniers for every half year Formerly they used to Bless the Meat at the ancient Table of the great Master and at that of the Stewards of the Houshold when they had their diet at Court and they likewise rendred thanks there placing themselves at the upper end of the Table At present they eat at Court at the Table called the Almoners Table The Confessor and Preacher of the Houshold or of the Commoners as they are called have an allowance of 300 l. a year and likewise his diet at the Almoners Table He takes an
and may bear their Coats of Arms timbred On Maundy-Thursday they serve together with the Princes of the Blood and other great Lords of the Court in carrying to the King those Dishes which his Majesty on that day serves up to the thirteen poor people he then entertains those who are called the Children of the Holy Supper They have rank and place at all great Ceremonies as at the Kings Coronation his solemn Entry into Paris and at the Christning of the Dauphin They wait with their Swords by their sides and may be present in the first Office of every quarter in which they have place and voice next after the Masters of the Houshold according to the Regulations set down in the Ordinances made for that purpose They were formerly more in number till his present Majesty by a Declaration of the Month of April 1654. they were reduced to thirty six who take the Oath of Fidelity in presence of the Grand Master or of those who as we have said in his absence supply his place They likewise and their Widows enjoy an exemption from all Taxes and Impositions They are ranked upon the Book of the Establishment at the rate of 700 l. per annum Wages though they receive but half that sum and they have all their Diet at Court at the Table called the Kings Water-Servers or Voiders Table and those that serve at the Dauphins eat likewise at his Highnesses Water-Servers or Voiders Table After these we may conveniently place the Serdeaus who are the Water-Servers or Voiders who are six in number and serve every one in their turns two Months each they had formerly 300 l. a piece yearly Wages but now but 225 l. which is paid by the Treasurers and 18 l. more paid at the Chamber of Deniers They are called Serdeaus or Water-Servers because they present the chief Officers of the Houshold and Kitchin with Water to wash their hands before they serve up the Meat to his Majesties Table they may likewise be stiled Voiders or Deservers because they receive all the Dishes as they are taken from his Majesties Table and see them conveyed to the Gentlemen Waiters Hall where they serve them likewise with Water and such as dine with them at their Table After them are the Ushers of the Hall who after they have Conducted the Kings Meat from the Kitchin of the Mouth to the Anti-Chamber where his Majesty dines in publick take on them the keeping of that Door from the time the Table is spread till the Cloth be taken away they are twelve in number waiting three and three quarterly they have 300 l. a piece yearly Wages and eat with the Gentlemen-Waiters and he that serves the Dauphin in the same quality has 226 l. Wages Of the Order observed in serving the King when he Dines in Publick As soon as the Usher of the Hall has received Order to have the Kings Table spread he goes to the Life-guard Chamber and knocking at the Door of their Hall he cries aloud Gentlemen Spread the Kings Table here Thence taking a Guard with him he goes to the Goblet or Buttery then the chief of the Officers of the Goblet bring the Nave the others the rest of the Table Furniture the Guard marching near the Nave and the Usher of the Hall with his wan in his hand before them carry the two Table-Cloths And when they come all to the Preparation-Table as they term it the Usher of the Hall himself alone spreads one of the Cloths upon the Side-Bord which done the Officer of the Goblet and the Usher of the Hall together spreads the other on the Preparatory-Table of which the Usher receives one end being decently cast into his hands by the Officer of the Goblet who keeps the other end to himself After that the other Officers of the Goblet place the Nave and make an end of covering the Table then the Gentleman-Waiter whose turn is that day to attend the Preparatives cuts out the Essays or tasts of the Bread already prepared at the Goblet and causes one of the Officers of the Goblet to take a taste of the Kings two little Loaves and of his Salt he touches likewise with one of his Slices of Essay the Kings Napkins Spoon Fork Knife and Tooth-pickers giving afterward the said Essay to an Officer of the Goblet to eat which is called making the Preparatives And the said Gentleman Server having thus taken possession of the Preparatory-Table continues to keep it These Preparatives being made one of the Officers of the Goblet and the Usher of the Hall go to the Table where the King is to eat and lay the Cloth on it in the same manner as is above expressed which done one of the Gentlemen-Waiters spreads on it a Napkin letting one half of it hang down on that side next his Majesty and upon that Napkin he places the Kings Cover or Service viz. His Plate and the stand on which are the two Manchets his Spoon Fork and Knife over which he lays the Kings Napkin neatly folded with little Tassels Then the same Gentleman-Waiter folds back over the whole that part of the Under-Napkin that hung down and so goes on to place the stands for the Plates and the Carving-Knife Spoon and Fork which he is to use in the service wrapping these three last pieces in a Napkin folded between two Golden Plates Which having done he stays at the Table to look after the Kings Cover till Dinner be served up An Extract taken out of the Ordinances made for the Kings Houshold renewed and signed by the King the 14th of April 1665. When his Majesties Meat is to be served up to Table whether at Dinner or at Supper two Archers or Serjeants of the Kings Life-guards are to march before then the Usher of the Hall and next the Master of the Houshold with his Staff after whom are to follow the Gentleman-Waiter the Controuler General the Clerk of the Offices and others that carry the Dishes and besides them the Usher of the Kitchin and the Keeper of the Plate behind all which are to march two Archers more of the Guards who are always to appear in their Coats and with their Halbards or Arquebusses and are to suffer none to come nigh the Kings Meat After the Serdeau or Water-Server has given Water to the Master of the Houshold to the Gentleman-Waiter and to the Comptroller to wash their hands with in the Office of the Mouth The Usher of the Mouth places the Dishes upon the Office-Table and presents two Essays or tasts of Bread to the Master of the Houshold that is to tast the first Service who after he has touched the Meat with the said two Essays of Bread eats one himself and gives the other to the said Usher of the Mouth to eat Then the Gentleman-Waiter takes the first Dish the Comptroller the next and the Officers of the Mouth the rest In this Order the Master of the Houshold with his Staff in
last Bill of every quarter because of his extraordinary care and pains One Maker and Distiller of Waters for the Great Masters new Table he has at the Chamber of Deniers for the Waters he ordinarily furnishes in the quarter beginning in January 150 l. and as much for the quarter ending in December But for each of the other Summer Quarters he has 300 l. which makes in all 900 l. yearly One Groom of the same new Table who has for furnishing Glasses Caraffs and other things 200 l. One Keeper of the Vessels for the Great Masters Table at 150 l. One Butler belonging to the Great Chamberlain at 600 l. One Maker and Distiller of Waters belonging to the same at 900 l. as has he that serves the Great Master One Groom of the Great Chamberlains Table who has 200 l. for Glasses Caraffs c. One Keeper of the Vessels at 150 l. CHAP. XVI Of the Great Chamberlain and all Officers under his dependance IF the honour of Officer may be rated from the frequency and nearness of their approaches to the Kings Person then certainly the Great Chamberlain must needs have the greatest share therein of any since it is at all times in his power to be near his Majesty and that he has a very considerable Rank in all the most Magnificent Solemnities This Office is almost as ancient as the beginning of this Monarchy and one may judge of its greatness by the Nobility of the Persons that always have enjoyed it He had formerly a great Jurisdiction over the Mercers and other Trades that deal in Clothing and for that purpose he substituted under him a Surveyor of those Merchandizes who was commonly called the King of the Mercers that is to say their Syndic or Comptroller who also Examin'd the Weights and Measures of the said Merchants His Court of Justice was held at the Marble Table in the Palais or Palace at Paris by a Mayor-Judge Commissionated by the Great Chamberlain and some other Officers The Great Chamberlain was formerly of the Great Officers that Signed all Charters and Letters of Consequence and has still a Right to sit in Judgment with the King at the Tryal of any Peers He had formerly the Keeping of the Kings Coffers and Treasury in his Chamber and had the management of the Exchequer as he has to this day in several places where the Camerlingue or Chamberlain for in different places he is differently stiled is likewise Treasurer and receives all the Revenues and it belonged to him or his Under-Treasurers to carry Money about them for the Kings Liberalities and other necessary Expences He used to have for his Fee the tenth part of what came into the Kings Coffers and was wont to deal out the Annual Gratuities to the Souldiers and provide Presents for all Ambassadours He has been indifferently stiled Cubicularius Camerarius or Cambellanus that is Bedchamber Man Chamber-man or Chamberlain But the Office of Chamberlain and Chamber-man were afterward made distinct Offices as among other proofs will appear by an ancient duty upon Merchants who paid 16 pence whereof ten pence went to the Chamberlain and the other six to the Chamber-Man But the Office of Chamber-Man was supprest in the Person of Charles Duke of Orleans Anno 1544. or to speak more properly we may say that it assumed under Francis the First the present Title it is now known under of Chief Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber The present Great Chamberlain is the Duke of Boüillon who has yearly 3600 l. under the name of Wages and a Pension of 20000 l. When the King sits on his Bed of Justice or in a general Assembly of the Estates the Great Chamberlain sits at his Feet upon a Violet-Coloured Velvet Cushion Embroidered with Flower deluces of Gold He is present at all Audiences of Ambassadours where takes his Place behind his Majesties Chair of State between the Chief Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber who is on his right and the Great Master of the Wardrobe whose Place is on his left Antiently in the Queens absence he was wont to lie in the Kings Bed-Chamber Upon the Coronation-Day he takes the Royal Buskins from the Abbot of St. Denis and puts them on the Kings Legs and then invests him with the Dalmatick Robe of Azure Blue and with the Mantle Royal. As the Great Chamberlains have the honour to be nearest the sacred Persons of their Kings while they are alive so when nature has exacted from them her Tribute and they come to die they with the Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber interre their Bodies The homage done to the King by any Dukes or other Persons of higher Rank holding their Lands or Seignieuries of his Majesty was antiently performed in the Bed-Chamber whither being Conducted by the Great Chamberlain Bare-headed and without Sword Belt or Spurs and kneeling down and putting their hands between the Kings Hands they promised him Fealty and Homage Of which Ceremony we have a fair Example in Froissard in the 25th Chapter of the First Volume of his History namely in the Homage done by Edward the Third King of England to Philip de Valois to whom being brought in and in the posture as aforesaid the Great Chamberlain-tendered these words You become the Liege-Man of the King my Lord that here is as Duke of Guienne and Peer of France and you promise Fealty and Loyalty to him to bear Say Yes And the King of England as Duke of Guienne answered Yes and the King received him for his Liege-Man Thus Froissard who likewise tells us that this Homage had better have been let alone it being so Stomached by that Couragious King that it caused those long and bloody Wars between the two Nations of which all Histories resound and which are hardly yet well extinct but lie couched under Embers till opportunity shall raise them into new Flames At present when any Marshal of France Governour of a Town Place or Province or any other is to take the Oath of Fidelity to the King the Marshal or such other Person gives his Hat Gloves and Sword to the Usher of the Bed-Chamber and then advancing towards the King who expects him in his Chair of State he kneels down upon a Cushion presented him by one of the Chief Valets de Chambre and putting his Hands between his Majesties when the said Oath being read to him by the Secretary under whose Division his Place is he gives his assent in the manner aforesaid and then rising up and making Obeisance to his Majesty goes back and takes again of the Usher of the Bed-Chamber the things he left with him to whom as well as to some other Officers of the Bed-Chamber he makes an honourable Present The Great Chamberlains had formerly a Table furnished out of the Kings own Kitchin but the late Duke of Chevreuse Great Chamberlain agreed with the Masters of the Houshold to have instead of it that which is still kept by them under the Name of the
his Bed-side upon a Cushion laid for him by his Almoner and when he has said his Prayers he comes back and sits down in his Chair where the Master of the Wardrobe draws off his Strait-Coat and Vest and Blue-Ribban as likewise his Cravat There are four Chief Valets of the Wardrobe that wait quarterly they present his Majesty his Socks and Garters in the Morning and at Night tie the Ribbans of his Shirt Their Salary and other allowances from the King amount to 2935 l. yearly and from the Dauphin to 862 l. Sixteen other Valets of the Wardrobe that are allowed by the King a Salary of 520 l. and their Diet at the Valets de Chambres Table and at the Dauphins when they wait there a Gratuity of 260 l. and a Crown a day for their diet Over these there is one Valet of the Wardrobe in Ordinary whose Salary is 1200 l. The Valets of the Wardrobe bring the King his Cloths and their particular Office is when the King rises to give him his Breeches his Stockings and his Boots when he puts on any They always draw off the Shoe Stocking or Boot from his Majesties left Leg. Besides this they give the great Master or the other Masters of the Wardrobe the Cloths they are to dress his Majesty with and present and put them on themselves in their absence or in the absence of the chief Valets of the Wardrobe on all other occasions when the King shifts any of his Cloths in the day time or when he plays at Tennis or comes from Hunting the Valets of the Wardrobe perform the same Duties At Night when the King is going to Bed and in the Morning when he rises before day the Chief Valet de Chambre gives one of the Lords then present that the King names to him the Wax-Light to hold whilst his Majesty is Dressing or Undressing There is one Mail-Carrier who has for Wages Diet and other allowances 2405 l. yearly When the King is on the march he is obliged to mount on Horseback with his Mail covered with a Horse-Cloth Embroidred with his Majesties Arms and Motto in gold In this Mail he carries a Suit of Cloths Linnen Ribbans a loose Gown and other things necessary to shift his Majesty He is mounted at the Kings Stables and has fresh Horses provided for him at every Stage where the King takes any that he may be able to follow him and not be obliged to quit him There are four Yeomen in Ordinary of the Wardrobe they have care of all the Kings Cloths and Linnen they have a yearly allowance of 80 Crowns paid them quarterly at the Treasure Royal and at the years end the Great Master of the Wardrobe gives them the greatest part of the Cloths his Majesty left off that year They also have the keeping of several wearing things set with precious Stones as of Swords garnished with Diamonds Crosses of the Kings Orders likewise set with Diamonds and the like rich Cloths They eat at the Valets de Chambre's Table All the whole Body of the Wardrobe that is all the Officers of it have the priviledge of the first Entry that is they are of the number of those that first enter into the Kings Chamber even before the King is out of his Bed or before he be come out of the Queens Chamber when there is one that they may have in readiness his Majesties Cloths The Taylors Are three in number their yearly allowance counting Wages Gratuities and all things is 1200 l. They make all the Kings Cloths and one of them is to be always at the Kings rising to be ready to do any thing belonging to his Function if there be need and they always put on the Kings new Cloths the first time he wears them There is one Starcher of the Body whose Salary is 600 l. and he has his Diet at Court And two Landrers of the Body serving six Months each whose Salary is 528 l. 15 d. There are besides these several other Officers for the Kings Cloths as Embroiderers Furriers Linnen-Drapers and others that furnish the Silver and Platework His Majesty by a Brief dated the 25th of July 1673. having given leave to the Great Master of the Wardrobe to entertain Tradesmen of all sorts that contribute to the furnishing of the Wardrobe to enter them upon the Books of the Establishment and let them enjoy all the Priviledges of Tablers in the Kings Houshold of which there are about 222 retained all at the rate of 60 l. yearly Salary The Intendants and Comptrollers General of the Chamber-Treasury and Privy-Purse They regulate all the Expences of the Chamber and Wardrobe There are two of them Their Wages and Fees are fixed in the Establishments of the ordinary Expences of the Chamber-Treasury besides which they are allowed 1200 l. yearly each for their Diet which is paid at the Chamber of Deniers They are called Intendants and Comptrollers of the Chamber-Treasury and of the Privy-Purse They examine the particulars of all that is brought into or delivered out of the Chamber-Treasury and the Privy-Purse and all the ordinary and extraordinary Expences thereunto belonging as well for the person as besides the Person of the King and keep a Register of them of which they give an account first before the Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber and afterwards to the Chamber of Accompts in the accustomed manner according to the Rolls particular Accounts and Acquittances comptrolled The expence for the Kings Person comprehends all Cloths Linnen and Jewels or other Ornaments for his Majesties own Wearing The expence besides his Person comprehends all Furniture and Silver or Plate-work for the Kings Apartments and all Extraordinary Expences made at Balls Comedies Mascarades Carouzels Turnaments and other Divertisements as likewise at Christenings Consecrations and Coronation of Kings and Queens Marriages Funeral Pomps Buryings Services for them when dead and Anniversaries They take the Oath of Fidelity before the Chancellor and at the Chamber of Accounts where they are sworn likewise to return into the said Chamber at the end of every Year their Comptrol of the Receit and Expence both Ordinary and Extraordinary of the Chamber-Treasury and Privy-Purse Of the Officers of the Cabinets or Closets and first of the Closet of Dispatches In the Closet or Cabinet of Business and Dispatches which by way of Excellence is simply called the Cabinet There are four Secretaries which in the Book of Establishment are stiled Secretaries of the Chamber and Closet who have for their Salary Diet and all things 9250 l. yearly They Stile themselves Councellours in Ordinary to the King in his Councils They serve the King in all his private Dispatches The Couriers of the Closet are appointed by the Secretaries of State and sent about on several businesses and dispatches Of the Closet of Books The King has a Closet of Books called otherwise the Library of the Kings Person in the Palace of the Louvre at Paris to which by
allowance of 131 l. 12 d. a Month for their Diet. The Super-Intendant of the Musicks Office is to examine the Voices and Instruments that compose it that so his Majesty may have good Musick All that is to be sung by this Musick is first to be concerted in his presence and he may if he please keep a Page with him There are two Masters of the Children of the Musick who have the charge of keeping and instructing the three Pages of the Musick of the Chamber and have a Salary of 720 l. These Masters in the absence of the Super-intendant officiate for him There is one Composer of the Musick who may if he please be always doing and beating the Measures of his Works before they come to be examined by the Super-Intendant He that now enjoys this place is the Famous Baptist Lully an Italian by Nation whose Salary is 600 l. There are besides several Singers and Players on Instruments belonging to this Musick who have each a Salary of 600 l. and an allowance of 800 l. for their Diet and 80 Crowns for their Horses to follow the Court. There is likewise a Band of Violins called still the great Band of 24 though they be at present 25 who have each a Salary of 365 l. and play at the Kings Dinner and at Balls and Comedies And another lesser Band called the little Violins in number 21 who have each 600 l. Salary They follow the King along the Country and commonly play at his Supper and at Balls and other his Majesties Recreations with whom at certain Ceremonies as at Coronations Entries into Towns Marriages and other great Solemnities and Rejoicings the other Band of the Violins of the great Stables together with the Hoboys and other Musick of which we shall speak in their place are made to play There is likewise one Usher in Ordinary and Advertiser of the Balets and one Keeper of the Musick-Instruments instead of the two Dwarfs which were used to be specified in the Book of Establishment who have each a Salary of 300 l. Note that whether it be to insinuate the Grandeur of the Kings and Sons of France above all other Soveraign Princes or for some other reason is uncertain it is the Custom in the Court of France that when the Musick of the Kings Chamber by his Majesties Order goes to play before any of the Princes of the Blood except the Sons of France or before any other Princes though they be Soveraign if those Princes put on their Hats the Musick of the Kings Chamber put on their Hats too Thus they did before the Duke of Lorrain at Nantes in the year 1626. but at Perpignan in the year 1642. the Prince of Morgues being told of this Priviledge choser rather to hear the Musick Bare-headed The same thing was observed at the Palace of Mazarin before the Princes of Modena and Mantua in presence of the late Cardinal Mazarin Of the Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold They were Created by Henry the Third to the number of 48 but Henry the Great reduced them to 24. They are entred upon the Book of Establishment and divided into two Bodies as serving each their half year although they observe not so exactly that Order in Waiting The last King Lewis the XIII having exiled one of these Gentlemen and given his place to another the Queen Anne of Austria being Regent re-establisht him that was Exiled without Discarding the other that held his place so that and since that another place was added by way of recompense to a Gentleman for Voyages he had made to Constantinople both which places are still continued so that there are at present 26 but the number to which Henry the IV. reduced them was but 24. They ought to keep near the Kings Person to receive his Commands and when the King has any business to negotiate in Foreign Countries any Troops to be conducted to the Army or to be disposed of into Winter-Quarters when he has occasion to have his pleasure Communicated in the Provinces of his Kingdom and in the Parliaments and Soveraign Courts he commonly makes use of these Gentlemen in Ordinary He likewise makes use of them in all Complements of Congratulation or Condoleance he has a mind to send to other Kings and Sovereign Princes upon any subject of Joy or Affliction befallen them or when he would sound their intentions in any actions that seem to have been done by their Ministers and owned by them as also when he is pleased so far to honour any of the Princes and great Lords of his Kingdom so far as to send to visit them or to present them any Dignities Offices or Marks of Honour from him When the King goes to the Army they have the honour to be his Aids de Camp and if any Prisoners of note be taken his Majesty charges them with the Conduct of them so far as to the Fortresses where his pleasure is to have them kept They are also appointed by the King to attend on Princes and Princesses Exiled that come into France At the Funeral Solemnities of any Children of France they have the Honour to hold up the Corners of the Pall. The King usually commits to them the Government of some young Prince or other They have every of them a Salary of 2000 l. a year which is paid them at the Treasure-Royal upon an establishment apart They had formerly too a Table to themselves but at present they eat at the old Table of the Great Master otherwise called the Table of the Masters of the Houshold They had once a Chief over them who was the Constable of Luynes who had been one of them but they desired his Majesty they might have no more Nor has this Order of Gentlemen onely produced one Constable but several Marshals of France and Knights of the King Orders as the Marshal de Toiras the Marshal de Marillac and several others And because in all Books of Establishments made for the Kings Houshold the Physicians and other Officers relating to the preservation or recovery of health are always placed next after those of the Chamber we shall therefore observe the same Order and speak now Of the Kings Physicians and other Officers of Health Under these two Titles are comprehended First The Physicians 2. The Chyrurgions 3. The Apothecaries 1. The Physicians are The Chief Physician has a Salary of 3000 l 2000 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers 16000 l. for his Maintenance 3000 l. for his Coach and abundance of other Gratuities and Perquisites He has a very great Power and can License any to practice Physick though they never passed the formalities of taking Degrees in that Science Note That the Chief Physician sometimes gives Orders in the Kitchin what Diet shall be provided for his Majesty and how when he is under a Course of Physick The first Physicians of the King the Queen the Dauphin and Dauphiness though they be not Doctors of the Faculty
Lodgings are meant those Lords or other Great Persons who are recommended to be lodged in the Town by the Kings express order Note That the same Harbinger that makes the Body very often marks to the Lodgings for the Ranks and abovesaid preferred persons 3. Another Harbinger marks out the Ordinary of the Kings Houshold that is Lodgings for the Officers of it viz. For the first or chief Almoner for the chief Master of the Houshold for the Master of the Houshold in Ordinary for the Captain of the Guards of the Gate for the Lieutenant and Ensigns of the Life-guards and generally for all the other Officers of the Kings Houshold It often happens that besides the Harbinger that marks out the Stables in the Town there is another that takes up Stables in the Neighbouring Villages and provides Lodgings for the Equipages The King generally is prevail'd on with much facility to grant to the Marshals of his Lodgings and his other Harbingers Reversions of their Places in favour not only of their Sons but of their Grand-Sons Sons-in-Law Brother and Nephews He also grants them Briefs impouring them to retain or stop a certain summ to be deducted out of the yearly Revenue of their places and paid by their Successours for their Wives if they have no Children for their Daughters if they have no Sons or if they have neither Wives nor Children for the younger Brethren of their Family At the first Entries made by Kings into any Cities of their Kingdom the Officers of the Town are to pay a certain summ as a Fee to the Marshals and Harbingers of the Kings Lodgings or else the one half of the profits of the Triumphal Arches Porches Tapistries and all the Decorations is to fall to the Marshals and the other to the Harbingers of the said Lodgings The Marshals of the Queens Lodgings and of those of the Dauphiness of Monsieur of Madame and the particular Harbingers of the Princes of the Bloud of the Chancery and of other Bodies as also the Men or Messengers sent by other Princes Dukes and Peers and other great Lords to take up their Lodgings receive their Quarters or Lodgings from the Marshals and Harbingers in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold Whenever Monsieur or Madame happen to be travelling in Company with the Queen or the Dauphiness when the King is not there then the Marshals or Harbingers of the Queen or Dauphinesses Lodgings are to appoint Monsieurs or Madams Harbingers what Lodgings and Quarters they are to take up The Marshals and Harbingers in Ordinary of the Kings Lodgings are reputed to be of the Body of the Kings Gend'armes or Men at Arms as having been formerly drawn out of the antient Companies of the said Gend'armes and the late King Lewis the Thirteenth who under-stood exactly well the original of all the different Offices of his Houshold gave the Marshals of his Lodgings place in and incorporated them into his Company of Gend'armes at the Head of which his Majesty usually fights on a day of Battel or on any other occasion and made the Harbingers serve in his Company of Musketeers at the Siege of Corbie to which service he summoned all his whole Houshold that is the Arrire-ban of his Houshold which he placed by themselves in his Army This said number of Gend'armes detached out of the antient Companies was usually sent before to provide Lodging and Quarters for his Majesty and the Troops that were with him And still to this day the Marshals of the Kings Lodgings both in Town and Country give out the Orders for the quartering of the French Life-guards of the hundred Suissers of the Gend'armes of the light Horse of the Musketeers of the Regiments of the French and Swisse-guards when all the said Troops attend the King in his march And in effect the Marshals of the Lodgings in France are what the Quarter-Masters are in Germany who rise to the Highest Commands in Armies The Marshals and Harbingers of the Kings Lodgings were formerly likewise Marshals or Quarter Masters of the Camps and Armies and the same persons that provided Lodgings for the Kings Houshold always took up Quarters to for the Armies as have done several of them that are still living But some of their Body in the time of the late King Lewis the Thirteenth got themselves made Marshals peculiarly of the Camps and Armies and got Patents of it as of a distinct Office notwithstanding which the Marshals and Harbingers of the Lodgings of the Houshold serve still in the Armies either in the absence of the others who have Patents as is said for being Camp-Marshals or Quarter-Masters or when the number of these others is not sufficient for all the Armies the King has on Foot When the King is in an Army the Marshals of the Lodgings of his Houshold have priviledge to take at least two thirds of the room to lodge his Majesty and all the Officers of the Royal Houses and it was Ordered by the King that the remaining third should be disposed of by the said Marshals of the Lodgings or Quarter-Masters of the Camps and Armies for the general Officers and other Officers in the Army necessary to be near his Majesties Person I say the Marshals of the Kings Lodgings have power to take up at least two thirds for the King because if after they have divided the whole into three equal parts there should remain two or but one Lodging over and above those one or two so over and above or supernumerary are to be taken up likewise for his Majesty and his Court that they may be scanted As for Example It is true that where there is but thirty Lodgings the Marshals of the Lodgings of the Houshold are to take but twenty and the general Officers of the Army are to have the other ten but of fifty Lodgings or Lodgments the Marshals of the Kings Lodgings will take thirty four and the general Officers of the Army will have but sixteen and of forty Lodgments the Kings Marshals will have twenty seven and leave the general Officers but thirteen By the antient Order according to the Rules made for that purpose none but the Kings Harbingers can mark out Lodgings with white Chalk those of the Princes and others being obliged for distinctions sake to mark out theirs with a yellow Crayon with this further difference that the Kings mark only is put upon the Street-Doors and the others only upon the Doors of particular Chambers within side the House The Order observed in Quartering in an Army In an Army where the King is Present the first Quarter is for him or where he is not for the General and the next belongs to a Marshal of France to chuse or if there be two Marshals of France there together then he that Commands that Day or Week is to have the Choice for sometimes they agree to Command by turns one one Day or one Week and another another But if there happen to
that pay the Officers of it THE Secretary of the Houshold who is at present the Marquiss of Seignelay the late Great Colberts Eldest Son who has as Secretary of the Kings Houshold 3000 l. Salary and 1200 l. as Secretary of the Chamber besides 6000 l. Board-Wages and 1200 l. for his first Commis or Clerk In all the Books of Establishment the Treasurers are placed after all the rest of the Houshold in this Order 1. There are three Treasurers of the Epargne or Spare Treasure that is to say the Treasure of the Kings clear Money all charges of the state born that are intituled Keepers of the Treasure Royal they wait by turns and pay all the Treasurers of the Kings Houshold 2. Three Treasurers of the Kings Offrings Alms and Devotions These Treasurers have no Comptroller 3. General Treasurers of the Houshold that serve by turns every one his year they are allowed each 1800 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers 'T is upon the Certificates of these Treasurers that credit is given in all the Provinces throughout the Kingdom for maintaining the Kings Officers in their Priviledges as Exemption from Taxes Committimus c. They take the Oath of Fidelity in the Chamber of Accounts To these belong two Comptrollers Three Treasurers of the Cash or Pay-Office of the Chamber serving by turns Three Treasurers of the Kings Pocket or private Expences and of the affairs of his Chamber They pay the Expences of the Kings Cloaths and Furniture and the Fees allowed several Officers for their Cloathing We have already spoken of the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers and the Comptrollers-General of the Cash or Pay-Office of the Chamber and of the private Expences in treating of the Chamber Two Treasurers of the Stables that pay all the Expences and Officers of the Stables and one Comptroller of the same Four Treasurers of every Company of Life-Guards which make twelve in all besides the Quadriennial ones Three Treasurers of the hundred Suissers Three Treasurers of the Provostship of the Houshold three Treasurers of the Gend'armes or Men at Arms. The Treasurers of the other Companies as of the light Horse the Musketeers the Gentlemen au bec de Corbin or Gentlemen Pensioners Three Treasurers of the French-Guards and their Comptrollers Three Treasurers of the Suisse-Guards The Treasurers of the casual Revenues Two General Treasurers of the Ordinary of the Wars that pay all the old Regiments The Treasurers of the Extraordinary of the Wars that pay all the new Regiments Three Treasurers of the Game and of Hunting Three Treasurers of the Buildings One General Treasurer of the Vessels or Navy One Treasurer of the Gallies A Treasurer of the Bridges and Causeys and many others All these Treasurers receive their money every Month at the Treasure Royal except those of the Life-Guards who receive theirs once a Week for as for their other appointments they are not paid till the Years end Note That the Salaries and appointments of the Kings Officers cannot be stopt in the hands of the Treasurers according as it has been determined by several Orders and among others by an Order of the Privy-Council of the 5th of June 1657. CHAP. XXIV Of the Kings Pleasures and the Officers thereunto belonging FOrmerly instead of the Great Huntsman the Great Falconer and the Great Wolf-Hunter there were only entred upon the Books of Establishment of the Houshold Hunters Falconers Partridge-Catchers Fowlers Wolf-Hunters and other Officers necessary for the Game And there used to be two great Hunting-Seasons observed in the Year viz. at the risings of the Parlement or Assises which were held but twice a year I. Article Of the Great Hunter or Huntsman This Officer has a Salary of 1200 l. 10000 l. appointment and for his Dogs 6387 l. 10 d. which is in all 17587 l. 10 d. a year besides other Gifts from the King Almost all the Offices and places here under-named are in his disposal when vacant He is sworn by the King himself and gives Grants to the other Officers of the Venery or Hunting-Office He was formerly called The Great Forester He has the super-intendance over all the Officers of the Kings Hunting-Office The first Great Hunter was William de Gamaches under Charles the Sixth or long before as some will have it one Hugues Sire or Lord of Lesigems Under him are these Officers viz. One Lieutenant in Ordinary of the Hunting-Office whose Salary is 1000 l. Four Lieutenants Quarterly-Waiters put in by the King whose Salary is 1000 l. Four other Lieutenants ordinarily Waiting at the said Office Four Deputy-Lieutenants Quarterly-Waiters at 500 l. Salary One other Deputy-Lieutenant Forty seven Gentlemen Hunters and four other Gentlemen Hunters in Ordinary One Servant of the Dogs in Ordinary on Horse-back Salary 400 l. Four Servants of the Dogs in Ordinary on Horse-back Quarterly-Waiters Salary 200 l. Eighteen Servants of the Bloodhounds at 150 l. Salary Fifteen Servants of the Dogs Quarterly-Waiters at 100 l. and two other Servants of the Dogs at 60 l. Four Harbingers at 150 l. Four little Servants or Boys in Ordinary to look after the Dogs that lie under the same roof with them at 80 l. apiece Two Pages at 600 l. Two Farriers at 75 l. One Chyrurgion at 150 l. One Gelder of Dogs and Curer of Madness at 75 l. One Porter or Carrier of the Hunting Bed Three General Treasurers before-mentioned whose Salary with all other profits amounts yearly to 9300 l. each They take the Title of Counsellours to the King Three Comptrollers of the Hunting-Office of Hunting-Nets and of the Falconry who have each 2065 l. 13 d. 4 deniers Salary 1. The first and chief Hunting of France is that of the Red Deer 2. That of the Wild-Goat and Fallow-Deer 3. That of the Hare and Fox 4. That of the Wolf 5. That of the Wild-Boar There is a Pack of Hounds for the Wild-Goat to which belong two Lieutenants who have 800 l. apiece yearly allowance One Baker who has 60 l. Salary and 4925 l. for feeding and maintaining the Dogs Three Prickers or Markers who have 683 l. 6d and 8 Deniers or a half-penny Three Foot-Servants of the Dogs at 275 l. each and several other Servants of the Dogs at 300 l. apiece One Page at 600 l. There is a Company of Horse-Guards of the Kings Pleasures within the extent of the Plains Woods and Thickets near or within ten Leagues of the City of Paris under the Command of the Great Hunter under whom there is Lieutenant at 600 l. and a Deputy Lieutenant at 300 l. yearly Salary And six Archers or Horse-Guards at 150 l. a Man There is likewise a Pack of Scotch-Hounds for the Hare to which belong A Lieutenant who has 1000 l. Salary and 150 l. for a Page A Baker at 60 l. a Pricker or Marker of the Dogs who has 647 l. 10 d. Salary and 70 l. for Cloaths A foot Servant of the Dogs at 216 l. and a Page as abovesaid
though they have not the Stage that is the usual time of Residence and Officiating there from which they are exempt The Priviledges of the Chyrurgions By a Declaration of Lewis the Thirteenth in favour of his Chyrurgions viz. to his Chief Chyrurgion in Ordinary and to eight other Chyrurgions in Ordinary quarterly Waiters they are priviledged to keep or cause to be kept open Shop and set out a Chyrurgeons Sign with the Kings Arms Exclusive to all Chyrurgeons who are forbid to molest them under pain of being fined 3000 l. and paying all Costs Dammages and Interest in Case of Contravention which concludes thus Given at Paris the 26th of August in the year of our Lord 1636. and of our Reign the Twenty Seventh Signed Lewis and Lower De Lomenie And on the side is written the Registring of it in the Parliament of Paris the 28th of March 1637. Collationed or Compared and Signed Farcette Which is confirmed by a Decree of Verification in Parliament the 18th of July 1637. There is a Declaration of the late Queen Mother for her four Chyrurgions of the 20th of October 1637. Verified by a Decree of the 20th of April 1638. Another Declaration of the late Duke of Orleans for five of his Chyrurgeons of the 26th of February 1638. Verified by a Decree of the 7th of September 1638. And lastly Another Declaration of the late Prince of Condé for four of his Chyrurgeons of the 29th of January 1639. Verified by a Decree of the 23d of March following Besides which there is an Order of the Court for the Master-Chyrurgeons at Paris Importing a Confirmation of the Declarations made in their favour in 1642. The Priviledges of the Life-guard Men. By a Decree or Order of the Privy-Council bearing date the 27th of June 1651. given against the Court of Aids of Rouen after several Suits of Law the Kings Life-guards are maintain'd in their Quality of Squires and in their exemption from Taxes and all other Impositions A like Sentence was given by the Council of State the 4th of June 1653. in favour of the Guards of the Gate Other Priviledges belonging to all the Officers of the Kings and other Royal Houses All the Officers and menial Servants of the Kings and of other Royal Housholds excepting a few whose Offices are too mean are noble that is are Gentlemen by their Places if they be not so otherwise as long as they are in Place and may bear a Crest above their Coats of Arms. All the Officers of the seven Offices of the Chamber and others wait always with their Swords by their sides unless it be when they are troublesome to them and may wear them always both in the Louvre and elsewhere Most of the Officers have the Quality of Squires if they be Sword-men or of Counseller if Gown-Men and are called Officers in Ordinary though they are but Quarterly or Half-yearly Waiters They enjoy all the Priviledges of Gentility Safeguards exemption from Taxes and other Duties Committimus c. as we have shewn above CHAP. XXVII Of the Military Officers and Troops of the Kings Houshold THE Kings of France have always kept several Guards for their Security and to preserve a Life that is the Lives of their Subjects We read in Gregory of Tours in the eighth Chapter of his seventh Book that Gontran King of Orleans or of the Burgundian part of France seeing his two Brothers Sigebert King of Mets or Austrasia being that part of France towards Germany including Lorrain and the Neighbouring Provinces and Chilperic King of Paris and of Soissons had been assassinated placed a great Guard about his Person about the year 587. without which he never went to Church or to his Recreations So upon different occasions the Guards have been reinforced and augmented Philip Augustus being in the Holy Land in the year 1192. established Serjeants at Arms or Mace-Bearers as may be seen in the Great Chronicles where the Old Historian La Montagne speaking of the Assasines or rather Arsacides a Desperate sort of people of Syria whom their Princes used to send to assasinate the most couragious and active Princes among the Christians uses these words When the King says he heard this news be began to be fearful of himself and by advice of his Council resolved to have his Person well guarded and chose Serjeants with Macis well armed and accoutred who were night and day to attend him to guard his Person The said King made use of the said Serjeants at the Battel of Bouvines who behaved themselves that day so valiantly that St. Lewis in the year 1229. founded for them in memory of that action the Church of St. Catharine du Val of the Scholars of Paris according to an Inscription to be seen upon two Stones at the entring into the said Church which contains these words At the intreaty of the Serjeants at Arms Monsieur St. Lewis founded this Church and laid the first stone of it for Joy of the Victory obtained at the Bridge of Bouvines in the year 1214. The Serjeants at Arms then in being had the keeping of the said Bridge and vowed to God that if he would give them the Victory they would found a Church and dedicate it to St. Catharine which was performed accordingly Where it is remarkable that there are four Serjeants at Arms represented upon those two Stones but in a different manner There are two upon one of them holding in their hands their Maces at Arms and armed Cap-a-pee to represent the Serjeants at Arms as they were in the Army and upon the other stone there are two more whereof one is Clothed with a Coat with great Sleeves cut in Labels wearing a Collar hanging down upon his Breast and I suppose that signifies the Usher at Arms Waiting at the Door of the Chamber for still to this day the Ushers of the Chamber bear Maces on Festival days to guard the Kings Person in the Day-time The other is wrapped up in a long Cloak well furred with shaggy furr with a Bonnet on his Head and his Mace in his hand which represents the Serjeants at Arms that watched by night And Du Tillet in his Chapter of the Marshals pag. 282. writes that some of them were appointed to carry Maces before the King in the day time and were called Vshers at Arms whose place is now supplyed by the Ushers of the Kings Chamber and others to guard his Chamber in the night time These Guards then took their name from the Arms they used and so when they quitted the Mace to take the Bow they were called Archers Charles the Seventh entertained a Guard of Scotch selected out of the Auxiliary Forces brought over to him by the Earls of Bucan Douglas and other Scotch Lords to drive the English out of France Philip de Comines calls them the Silver Guards because their Coats or Jackets called Hoquetons were set with spangles of Silver and Goldsmiths Work Lewis the Eleventh being at Puiseaux on the 4th
into six Divisions or Parcels called Escouades consisting of sixteen men each whereof one is chosen by the Captain to be Corporal of the rest There are two of these Divisions ordinarily in Waiting at a time that is to say one by day and the other by night which are relieved every Sunday by two other Divisions so that in three Weeks time the whole Company does Duty round of which each Couple of Divisions are a Week upon Duty and rest the other Fortnight The Division that does duty in the night is called the Division of the Watch whereof twelve are called the Suissers of the Straw-Bed because in the night they lie on the Straw-Beds in the Guard-Chamber among the French Life-Guard Men. Those of the other Division appointed for the Day-guard a little before night go off the Guard in order out of the Kings Palace with an Officer at the head of them and go and lie at their own Quarters and the next Morning precisely at eight a Clock they Rendevouz again at the Captains Door or some other place appointed them and march in the same order back again into the Kings Palace with an Officer at the head of them where they are received by the twelve Suissers of the Watch that have lain with the French Life-Guard Men the foregoing Night who receive them in Arms making a Lane for them to pass through in their Guard-Chamber they are intermixed with the French Guards out of Policy to prevent Treachery that if one Nation should be corrupted the other might discover them or defeat their purpose They lie but twelve of them at a time in the French Guard-Chamber because by reason of their number there is hardly convenience for more the others have a Hall apart and separated as far as convenience will permit from the French Guard-Chamber and remain there only in the day time upon Sundays and other Holy-Days observed in the Diocess where the Court happens to be as likewise at some Extraordinary Solemnities as at the first and last Audiences of Ambassadours and other like occasions all the six Divisions wait all together in a Body on the King Out of this Company the Captain by the Kings Order Selects six to wait on the Queen when there is one viz. one out of every Division who are then Commanded by the Officer of the French Life-Guards then in Waiting on her Majesty which fix besides their allowance in the Kings Service have every one 18 d. a day from the Queen besides their Watch Bread and Wine and Wood and Candle and they always wear the Kings Livery except when the Queen is a Widow and Regent of the King and then they wear Mourning and their number is augmented to twelve These places are commonly purchased of the Captain by six of the Company The Dauphiness is likewise allowed six Suissers viz. one out of every Division drawn out for that purpose every Month by the Captain who in the time of their duty in that Service are allowed besides the Kings pay 10 d. a day When the Court removes to any distance leaving the Duke of Burgundy or other of the Dauphins Children behind the Captain of this Company detaches six Suisser's to wait on each of them One Suisser is likewise appointed by the King to wait on the Lord High Chancellour who upon that account is exempted from going upon the Watch and other Military Functions of this Company The Great Master of the Horse also who is the sole Orderer of all the Liveries of the Kings Houshold may keep a Suisse of his own in the same Livery with the Kings or if he pleases he may take one of the hundred but if he take one of them he so taken by him must either in Person or by some of his Companions perform his Watch and other duties of the Company when it comes to his turn When the Chancellour dies he that succeeds him is not obliged to make use of the same Suisser that waited on his Predecessour but may if he please ask the King for any other he has a mind to The Captain of this Company has always one of the said Company too to wait on him There are three Treasurers that are paid by the King to pay the hundred Suissers every Month their Months pay beforehand so that on the first second or at furthest on the third day of every Month the hundred Suissers receive their full pay for the Month then begun wheresoever the Court happens to be There belong besides to this Company one Almoner one Physician one Chyrurgeon one Apothecary one Merchant furnishing Cloth Stuff and other necessaries for their Cloaths and three Taylors The Chyrurgeon Apothecary and Taylors have the priviledge to keep open Shop at Paris or elsewhere though not Masters and the Taylors are allowed ten Crowns for making each Suissers Suit At the Kings Coronation the Commission Officers of this Company are Clothed in White-Satin with Cloth of Silver underneath the Slashes The Harbingers are in Blue and the rest of the Suissers in Velvet They are likewise allowed Extraordinary habits at other great Solemnities when their Colours march as at Kings Marriages and Christnings of the Dauphins or first Sons of France and at the first Entries of Kings and Queens into any of their great Towns or Cities Ever since the year 1679. they have reassumed their ancient Habit which they wear every Sunday and Holy-Day They wear Velvet Bonnets incircled round with Plumes of White Feathers with little tufts before composed of four Sprigs of Feathers of the same Colour starched Laced Ruffs and Cloths flashed upon Taffety which swells out of the slashes the Hilts of their Swords are gilt and very large and fastned to them with Eâ—â—s or rather other kind of Sword-Supporters after the ancient Mode fringed on the sides they wear Fringed-Gloves Blue and Red Garters and Roses of the same Coloured Ribbands on their Shoes their great Coats called Brandenburgs are garnished with red and white Buttons with Tails all of the Kings Livery in one of their hands they bear Halbards upon which is wrought a golden Sun which is the Kings Devise or particular Emblem and in the other hand great Canes garnisht with Silver at both ends They with their Officers march before the King when he is walking on Foot or passing leisurely along either in his own House or in the Town where he for the time being resides Every day when the King goes to Mass the Suissers of this Company place themselves in two ranks making a Lane from the Quire to the outward Door of the Church or Chappel where he is and on Sundays and Holy-Days they appear in the same order with their Velvet Bonnets and Habits of Ceremony or Holy-Day Cloaths with their Drums and their Flute which they sound as soon as the King comes and march thus to the middle of the great Churches into which the King goes and to the very Door and inclosure of the Quire the
who have 60 l. Salary apiece viz. One Shomaker in Ordinary one Shomaker of the Wardrobe one Jeweller one Shomaker of the Stable one Joyner one Linnen-Draper one Needle-Maker one Herb-man and Orange-Merchant one Grocer one Pin-Maker and one Baker There are four Marshals of the Lodgings or Chief Harbingers at 150 l. each In the Stable are One Chief Querry or Master of the Horse who has in all for his Appointments and Board-Wages 5445 l. Two Querries in Ordinary 2000 l. each Four Querries quarterly Waiters 500 l. each Six Pages Two Querries Cavalcadours or Riders 546 l. each One Comptroller-General of the Stable 1200 l. One Secretary of her R. Highnesses Commandments 4200 l. One Intendant or Surveyour of the House and Revenues Six other Secretaries 300 l. each Two Sollicitours of Affairs 500 l. One Treasurer of the Houshold whose Salary is 3000 l. Other Officers of the Stable Ten Great Footmen who have every of them 20 d. a day that is 366 l. a year besides their Summer and Winter Cloaths One Footman belonging to the Maids of Honour who is allowed 20 d. a day or 366 l. a year Two Manto-Carriers at 292 l. each Two Coaches the first called the Coach of the Body and a second Coach who have each of them one Coachman and one Postilion the Coachman of the first Coach has 200 l. Salary and he of the second 150 l. and the Postilions have each of them 100 l. Besides which there is a Coach for the Maids of Honour and another for the Waiting-Gentlewomen to each of which belong one Coachman and one Postilion who have every of them 100 l. Salary One Head-Groom in Ordinary 100 l. Two Chair-men 365 l. each Two Farriers 100 l. each One Keeper of the Moveables of the Stable 100 l. Two Taylors one Flock-Bed-Maker one Wheel-wright at 60 l. each One Chirurgeon 220 l. One Barber to trim the Pages 100 l. One Dancing-Master and one Fencing-Master at 200 l. each One Governour of the Pages 300 l. One Almoner in Ordinary and Tutor of the Pages 200 l. One Servant of the Pages 100 l. And lastly One Pay-Master or Cash-Keeper of the Stable whose Salary is 100 l. We have already spoken of the Duke of Chartres THE Present State OF FRANCE PART II. Of the Nobility of France CHAP. I. Of the Nobility in General IN France as in most other Countries not only those which are Princes Peers and Great Lords but all Gentlemen of ancient Descent and that are enobled by the King are reckoned into the Body of the Nobility and there the King often gives Letters of Nobility as they are called whereby he constitutes the person receiving them Noble or makes him a Gentleman without Conferring upon him any particular Title of Honour contrary to the practice used in England It is to be noted too that there neither Arts nor Sciences ennoble neither Lawyers nor Physicians nor Divines being accounted noble or Gentlemen unless they be otherwise so or enjoy some Place or Dignity that gives them the Title of Lord which is only temporary and personal The Chief Priviledges of Nobles or Gentlemen are to be Exempt from Taxes and to enjoy some other immunities and be capable of enjoying Dignities and rising to Honour If they take Church Dignities or addict themselves to the Law they derogate not from their Nobility though they increase it not but if they follow any Trade or Commerce or marry with any Family not Noble they derogate and lose their quality and till of late those that medled with Sea-Affairs were reckoned to derogate likewise but that being found prejudicial to the Improvement of the Power of France by Sea It was Order'd by the present King having concerns in publick Companies such as the East-India Company that studying or practising Sea-Experience should not only not derogate but be encouraged with Priviledges and accordingly appointed publick Schools and Nurseries in several Marine Places with good Endowments wherein a considerable number of the younger Sons of the meaner Nobility might be instructed in Navigation and Maritime Affairs and trained up to make useful Sea-Officers So that now the younger Sons or Cadets of the Gentry are either provided for in the Church with Ecclesiastical Dignities or raise themselves by Military employs by Sea or Land not so many as formerly affecting the civil ones because they are such as are often enjoyed by the Sons of rich Citizens or Farmers of Taxes whom they a little disdain for Companions The Nobility or Gentry in France is the most numerous of any Kingdom of the World they being reckoned above ten thousand able Bodies and generally well educated in all accomplishments that may make them serviceable to their Country and in them consists the Kings chief Force and he is in some respects as absolute over them as over the Peasants for though they pay no Taxes and cannot be legally compelled to take Arms unless upon an Invasion or imminent danger yet it is by Custom thought so disgraceful for any Principals or Heads of greater Families not to attend the King and spend what they have in his Court or Service or for Cadets or younger Brothers not provided for in the Church to follow any thing but the Wars by which only in a manner all Nobility was ever acquired there that the King can never want Souldiers among them It being almost impracticable for a Gentleman any thing considerable to live privately or retired there unless he thrust himself into a Convent CHAP. II. Of Dukes and Peers OF Dukes and of Peers severally and of such as are both Dukes and Peers there are six or seven sorts 1. The Antient Dukes and Peers 2. The Dukes and Peers verified in the Parliament of Paris as both Dukes and Peers 3. Such as are verified in the said Parliament only as Dukes 4. The Dukes or the Dukes and Peers that are verified as such in other Parliaments than that of Paris which is the only true Court of Peers 5. Those who are Dukes and Peers only by Patent under the Great Seal not verified or past yet in any Parliament 6. The Dukes and Peers by Brief as the House of Clermont-Tonnerre Besides which there are some Dukes of Foreign Creations as in the County of Avignon under the Pope and several other Persons who though they be no Princes nor Princesses yet are suffred by his Majesty to enjoy the Honours of the Louvre as to enter into the Louvre in their Coaches and their Ladies have the priviledge of the Low-stool or Tabouret before the Queen without having any Dutchy or Patent for any CHAP. III. Of the antient Peers of France THE Antient Peers were formerly twelve viz. Six Ecclesiastical Peers and six Secular ones The six Ecclesiastical ones are still in being and are these viz. 1. The Archbishop and Duke of Reims and first Peer of France who is at present Charles-Maurice le Teliier Brother to the Marquess of Louvois first Minister of State
2. The Bishop and Duke of Langres who is Louis-Marie-Armand de Simianes de Gordes 4. The Bishop and Count of Beauvais who is named Toussaint de Fourbin de Janson 5. The Bishop and Count of Chaalons in Champain Lewis Antony of Noailles of the Family of the Duke of that Name 6. The Bishop and Count of Noyon named Francis of Clermont-Tonnerre The six secular ones that are now only represented were The Dukes of Burgundy Normandy Guyenne And Counts of Toulouze Flanders and Champain The Quality of the twelve antient Peers of France is at present but a kind of Ceremonial Dignity by vertue of which those that possess it have a certain Rank or Precedence in France at the Consecration and Coronation of Kings have Place in Parliament and in the general Assembly of Estates and enjoy the Honours of the Louvre Their first Institution is so uncertain that it is impossible to gather out of History their true Original some attributing it to Hugh Capet and some to Charlemaine or Charles the Great But the Original of the Name and Functions of the Peers of France can properly be derived from nothing else then from the common use and custom of Fiess and Tenures which is that the Vassals holding moveable Fiefs fully and directly of the same Lord are called Pares Curiae aut Domus which is as much as to say Peers of the Fiefs or of the Court that are to assist when the Lord takes possession of his Land to be present at those days when causes relating to the Fiefs are pleaded and judged and have several other rights which are analogically common to them with our Peers of France who in like manner assist at the Consecration and Coronation of the King who is the supream Lord are Counsellers in his Court of Parliament which for this reason is called the Court of Peers so that in a word the Peers of France are but as Tenants that hold of the Monarchy and depend immediately on the Crown such as were the seven Peers in the time of Lewis the Young in the year 1179 or in the time of Hugh Capet who reunited to the Crown the Dutchy and Peerage of France or of Paris which he possessed before he was King So that there remained after that but six ancient Peers that were Seculars to which at several times by degrees were afterwards added six other Ecclesiastical Peers over whom Lewis the Young gave the Primacy to the Archbishop of Reims with the Prerogative of Consecrating and Crowning the Kings Since the time of the said Lewis the Young the number of twelve Peers at those great Ceremonies has been always continued till the present But the Secular Peers are as we have said only represented on that occasion there being none now that bear any of those Titles but only now lately the Duke of Burgundy Eldest Son to the Dauphin and the Count of Toulouze one of the Kings Natural Legitimated Sons Their several Functions at the Kings Consecration and Coronation are these The Archbishop of Reims Consecrates or anoints the King with the Oil of the Holy Ampull or Viol kept in the Cathedral of that Name from Age to Age only for that purpose The Bishop of Laon carries the said Viol the Bishop of Langres carries the Scepter the Bishop of Beauvais the Mantle Royal the Bishop of Chaalons the Ring the Bishop of Noyons the Belt The Duke of Burgundy carries the Crown Royal and girds on the Kings Sword the Duke of Guyenne carries the first square Banner the Duke of Normandy the Second the Count of Toulouze the Spurs the Count of Champain the Banner Royal or Standard of War the Count of Flanders the Kings Sword On the day of the Consecration and Coronation and during the Ceremony these Peers wear a Circle of gold in form of a Crown Now because of the six Secular Peerages there are now five reunited to the Crown and that of Flanders is likewise in part reunited and in part remains still in foreign hands therefore there are on such occasions six Princes or great Lords chosen to represent them and to perform their Functions The Order observed at the Coronation of the present King Lewis the Fourteenth now happily Reigning which was on the 7th of June 1654. was as follows The Ecclesiastical Peers that officiated on that occasion were 1. Anne-Marie de Levis de Ventadour late Arch-bishop of Bourges instead of the Bishop and Duke of Laon. 2. Francis de Harlay then Archbishop of Rouen and at present of Paris for the Bishop and Duke of Laugres 3. Nicholas Choart de Buzanval late Bishop and Count of Beauvais 4. Henry de Baradat late Bishop and Count of Noyon 5. Felix Vialar de Herse late Bishop and Count of Chaalons 6. The late Bishop of Soissons as first Suffragan of Reims anointed the King being assisted by the Bishop of Amiens as Deacon and by Monsieur de Bourlon now Bishop of Soissons but then but Coadjutour to the said Bishoprick as Sub-Deacon The other Bishops that were likewise assistants there were the Bishops of Rennes Coutances of Rhodes of St. Paul irois Chateaux or three Castles of Agde and of Leon. Cardinal Grimaldi performed the Office of Great Almoner of France because of the absence of Cardinal Barberin The Hostages given for the Holy Ampull or Viol were the Marquesses of Vardes of Richelieu of Biron and of Coislin since Duke and Monsieur de Manciny at present Duke of Nevers held up the Kings Train Those who represented the Secular Peers were 1. The Duke of Anjou now Duke of Orleans represented the Duke of Burgundy 2. The late Duke of Vendome the Duke of Aquitain or Guyenne 3. The late Duke of Elbeuf the Duke of Normandy 4. The late Duke of Epernon the Count of Champagne 5. The Duke of Rouanez Gouffier the Count of Flanders 6. The Duke of Bournorville the Count de Toulouze The late Marshal d' Etrées performed the Office of High Constable the late Marshal d' Hospital carried the Scepter the late Marshal du Plessis-Pralin the Crown the late Marshal d' Aumont the hand of Justice The late Chancelour Seguier officiated his own place the Marshal Duke of Villeroy performed the Office of Great Master or High Steward of France the late Duke of Joyeuse did his Office of High Chamberlain and the Count de Vivonne who had the Reversion of one of the places of chief Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber after the Duke of Mortemar his Father performed the Function of First or Chief Chamberlain He is at present Marshal Duke de Vivonne CHAP. IV. Of the particular Lords that are at present Dukes and Peers according to the Order of their Verification being in all 29. Names of the Dukedoms and the date of their Verification 1. USês in 1572. 2. Ventadour in 1594. 3. Suilly in 1606. 4. Luynes in 1619. 5. Les diguieres in 1620. 6. Brissac in 1620. 7. Chaunes in 1631. 8. Richelieu in 1631. 9. St.
Flame-Coloured Ribband The Great Priors and other great Officers of this Order wear this Cross tyed to a great large Flame-Coloured Ribband tied Scarf-wise and on the left side of their Cloaks or Coats another Cross composed of four Flames Cantoned with four Flower-deluces and in the middle the Image of the B. Virgin Environ'd with Rays of Gold all in Embroidery The Present King Confirmed the Rights Estates Commanderies Priviledges and Exemptions of this Order in the Month of April 1664. and in December 1672. The King is likewise Chief and Soveraign of this Order On the 8th of January 1668. the Marquiss of Nerestang took the usual Oath to the King for the Office of Great Master of the Royal Order of Nôtre Dame de Mont-Carmel and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem both on this side of and beyond the Seas After which his Majesty put on upon him the Collar and Cross in the Presence of his principal Lords and at the same time he took his leave of his Majesty to go and Command a Squadron of Ships designed for the Guard of the Coasts of Brittany But he voluntarily resigned this Office into the Kings hands again in 1673. The Marquiss of Louvois was received Vicar General of this Order the 18th of February 1673. at the Carmelites Convent called les Carmes des Billettes where the Assemblies and Ceremonies of the Order are kept and Celebrated On New-Years Day in the year 1669. the Duke of Orleans received into the number of his Life-guards twelve Knights of St. Lazarus which are as 't were the Cadets or young Noblemen of his Guards There are five great Priories and 140. Commanderies of this Order viz. 28 Commanderies to each Great Priory to which his Majesty commonly nominates some of his Land or Sea-Officers or Commanders which have been wounded or which have render'd him considerable Services The General and Conventual House of this Order is the Commandery of Boigni near Orleans The Great Priories are as follows 1. The Grand Priory of Normandy the Grand Prior is the Chevalier de Montchevrueil Colonel of the Kings Regiment and Brigadier his Seat is at the Mont aux Malades or Mount of the sick people near Roüen 2. The Great Priory of Brittany the Great Prior is the Chevalier de Chateau Regnaud Commander of a Squadron of Men of War He resides at Auray and has annexed to his other Commanderies that of Blois 3. The Great Priory of Bargundy the Great Prior is M. de Bullonde His Seat is at Dijon 4. The Great Priory of Flanders the Great Prior is M. de la Rabliere Marshal in the Camps and Armies of the King and Commander of Lile where his Seat is 5. The Great Priory of Languedoc the Great Prior is M. de Rivarolles The Council established for taking cognisance of the affairs of this Order sits in the Arsenal at Paris those that compose it are 1. The Marquiss of Louvois Vicar-General and President of the Order 2. Florent d' Argouges Chancellour of the Order received in 1685. 3. M. Du Verdier Proctor-General of the Order received in 1672. 4. De Turmenies Sieur de Naintel Treasurer of the Order 5. Camus de Beaulieu Secretary and Recorder of the Order 6. M. William Seguier Dean of the Order received in 1638. 7. The R. Father TousseinT St. Luke Carmelite Almoner of the Order received in 1664. And five Counsellours Besides this there is also a Chamber-Royal established at the same Arsenal that takes cognisance of the reunion of Estates and of the property of stocks of Money Heritage and other rights which have been usurped upon this Order and alienated from the designed use which said Royal Chamber is composed of nine Counsellours to whom are subservient one General Proctor who has his Deputy or Substitute and one Registrer or Recorder Besides these abovesaid Orders of Knighthood there are in France many Knights of Malta and Great Priors and Commanders of that Order that possess there many rich Lordships with great Priviledges and Immunities for that they are obliged by their Order to expose themselves continually for the common defence of Christendom against the Turks and Infidels But there being Books enough that treat ex professo very largely and particularly of them It will be needless for me to insist upon any further description of them in this small Book In old time before these particular Orders of Knighthood were instituted this word Chevalier or Knight was used to signifie some great precedent merit from whence it comes to pass that Gentlemen of Quality and of ancient Families still to this day assume that Quality and write themselves Messire N. Knight and Lord of Messire being a Title intimating Nobility and Chevalier or Knight being reckoned a worthier Title than that of their Mannours or Seignieuries of which they are Lords And of these Knights there were two sorts or Orders viz. Bannerets and Batchellours the Banneret was he that could raise men enough of his own Vassals to follow his Banner the Batchellour was such a one as went to the Wars under another Mans Banner and under these was the Esquire which is a quality still taken by the last and lowest rank of Nobility there CHAP. XIV Of the general Dignities of the Kingdom and first of the High Constable THE High Constable was the first of all the Officers of the Crown and next to the King was Sovereign Head of the Armies of France and took place immediately next after the Princes of the Blood chiefly in Parliament At first he was no more than the Great Master of the Horse is now as appears by the Etymology of the word which is Comes Stabuli i. e. Count of the Stable On the sides of his Coat of Arms he bore as a mark of his Dignity two naked Swords with the points upward held by a right-hand armed with a Gantlet coming out of a Cloud He was sworn by the King himself At publick Entries of Kings the Constable marched foremost before his Majesty on his right hand holding a naked Sword And when the King sate on his Bed of Justice or in the Assembly of the general Estates he sate before him on his right hand The Power of this Officer was much augmented by the Successours of Hugh Capet when the Office of Mayor of the Palace was supprest and though there were Constables before Hugh Capet yet they had till then no power in the Armies If we may believe M. du Tillet who sets down the Constables according to their Succession the first to be found in History was Froger of Châlons under Lewis the Gross who therefore may well be called the first Constable he being the first that ever enjoyed that large power the Constables enjoyed after that time to whose Command in the Armies the very Princes of the Blood were subjected He that first Exalted the Power of Constable to a Soveraign Command over all the men of War not excepting the Princes of the Blood was Matthew
their chief Commanders or Generals at Sea All Ships of War are to bear their Admirals Colours and the Admirals own Ship bears a square White Flag upon her Main-Mast and a Lanthorn in his Poop He has a Sovereign Command over the Seas of France especially over all that part of the Ocean and of the Mediterranean near the Coasts of France and over all the Ships of War and Naval Forces The first Admiral that we read of was one Lehery or according to some one Rotland under Charles the Great called by Eginard Praefectus Maris This Office was formerly held only by Commission and the first that possest it by Patent as a standing Office was Enguerrand Sire or Lord of Coucy under Philip the Hardy in 1273. though according to some others it was not made a standing Office till the year 1369 under Charles the Fifth and the first Admiral according to that account was Amaury Vicount of Narbon There were several Admirals belonging to France whilst the Kings of France remained unpossest of many of the Maritime Provinces for there were the Admirals of Normandy Brittany Guienne and Provence the Admiral of Normandy who was since the Re-union called the Admiral of France Commanded from Callis to St. Michaels Mount He of Brittany from St. Michaels Mount to Raz He of Guienne from Raz to Bayonne and he of Provence from Perpignan to the River of Genua About this Admiralty of Provence there arose a great contest in the last Kings time between the Duke of Guise who pretended to that Admiralty and the Cardinal of Richelieu who put an end to the Dispute by prevailing with the King totally to suppress the Office of Admiralty and to Erect instead of it another under the Title of Great Master Chief and Super-Intendant General of the Navigation and Commerce of France which he did by a Declaration in the Month of January 1627. The said Cardinal gave it afterward by his Will and Testament to the Son of the Marshal de Brezé Duke of Fronsac who when he took the accustomed Oath for it in Parliament in the year 1648. reassumed the Title of Admiral but he being killed at the Siege of Orbitello this Office was exercised in the Name of the Queen Regent under the Title of Great Master of the Navigation of France but since that the Title of Admiral has been reannexed to those other newer ones The Admiral of France as having Command over two Seas viz. the Ocean and the Mediterranean bears as a mark of his Dignity two golden Anchors passed Salteir-wise behind his Coat of Arms hanging upon and fastened to two Cables the Vice-Admiral likewise bears the same The Great Admiral has 30000 l. yearly appointment raised out of the duties of Anchorage and other Revenues Next to the Admiral there is likewise a Vice-Admiral of France who is at present the Marshal d' Etrées and his Son in Reversion There are three Lieutenant-Generals of the Naval Forces viz. 1. Abraham du Quêne Marquiss du Bouchet Valgrand under the name of Du Quêne 2. The Marquiss de Preuilly d' Humieres 3. The Chevalier de Tourville And seven Chiefs or Commanders of Squadrons viz. 1. Monsieur Gabaret 2. The Count de Chateaurenaud Great Prior of Brittany of the Order of St. Lizarus 3. The Marquiss d' Amfreville 4. The Chevalier de Sourdis 5. The Chevalier de Bethune 6. M. Villette de Murcé 7. M. Forant who was lately the eldest among the Captains of single Vessels Besides the Marquiss de Seignelay who as one of the four Principal Secretaries of State has the Maritime Affairs under his department there are two Intendant Generals of the Marine Affairs under whom there are two Intendants of the Levant or East who are M. Brodard for the Galliet residing at Marseilles and M. Girardin Sieur de Vauvray residing at Toulon likewise four Intendants for the Western Sea or Ocean viz. 1. M. Arnoux de Muin residing at Rochefort Rochelle and Broüage 2. M. de Champy Desclouzonne residing at Brest in Brittany 3. M. Patoüillet at Dunkirk and 4. M. de Fargis Montmor at Havre de Grace The Secretary General of the Admiralty or Maritime Affairs is M. de la Grange The Treasurers General of the Admiralty are 1. M. Lubert for the Men of War and 2. M. de Bellinzani for the Gallies There are likewise Comptrollers of the Admiralty The Admiral has upon any Vacancies hapning by Death or otherwise the nomination of all Judges Lieutenants general or particular Counsellors Receivers Advocates Proctors Registrers or Recorders Serjeants and other Officers of the Admiralty both at the Supreme Court of Admiralty held at the Marble Table and at the particular ones held in Picardy Normandy and Brittany The King has at present 150 Ships of War and 30 Gallies besides tenders c. The Royal Docks for Building Ships in France are only at Brest Rochefort and Toulon For the better furnishing the Royal Fleet with Almoners or Chaplains the King has established a Community or Seminary of Priests in the Burrow of Folgoet in Brittany CHAP. XX. Of the General of the Gallies THE Kingdom of France being washed with two Seas viz. on one side with the Great Ocean and on the other towards the South with the Mediterranean upon this last are kept the Gallies as a more proper Shipping for that Sea whose Port and Harbour is Marseilles over which there is a Chief called the General of the Gallies The General of the Gallies is sometimes called the Admiral of the Levant or East as says the Sieur de la Popeliniere who has composed a Book particularly of the Admiral of France The present General of the Gallies is Lewis Victor de Rochechoüard de Mortemar Duke de Vivonne Marshal of France Governour of Champain and late Viceroy in Sicily during the Revolutions of Messina He is as such stiled General of the Gallies and Lieutenant-General in the Seas and Naval Armies of the Levant he was sworn General of the Gallies in the Month of December 1669. His Son the Duke of Mortemar Married a Daughter of the late M. Colbert Minister of State has the Reversion of his Fathers Place and in the year 1681. Commanded alone himself the Gallies of France Charles the Ninth by an Order of the 6th of April 1562. Verified the 8th of June 1563. Declared Messire René of Lorrain General of the Gallies as well in the Levant as in the Western Seas making him Chief General of all his Gallies Galiots Fregats Fusts and Brigantins and giving him Command over all Vessels and Ships whether long or round and authorising him to cause due obedience to be given him by all manner of ways and in all places where it should concern the Duty of his Office The Lieutenant-General of the Gallies is the Chevalier de Noailles Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem c. Thus having treated of the Military Officers we come now to the Officers of Justice in the Kings
Councels which are likewise Officers General of the whole Kingdom CHAP. XXI Of the Kings Councels and Ministers of State Of the Chancellour of France THE Chancellour is the Head-Officer of Justice and of the Kings Councels and into his hands he has wholly deposited it that he may distribute and dispence it impartially to all his Subjects with the same Power and Authority as he might do himself in Person for this reason the Seals of France are committed to his Custody which he makes use of in the Administration of Justice and in conferring of Gifts Graces and Offices as he thinks most reasonable for the good of the State He presides in the Kings Councels 'T is he that on all occasions declares the Kings Pleasure and when his Majesty goes to Parliament to sit on his Bed or Throne of Judgment he sits before his Majesty on his left hand He wears a Robe of red Velvet lined with Scarlet Sattin and at publick Ceremonies a Cap fashioned like a Mortar covered with gold and adorned with Pearls and precious Stones Before him march the Ushers of the Chancellery carrying on their Shoulders Maces of guilt Silver and the rest of the Ushers after them The present Chancellour is M. Lewis de Boucherat Knight Lord of Compans and other places who after having Officiated the Places of Corrector of the Accounts of Counsellour in the Parliament and Commissary in the Requests of the Palace Master of Requests Intendant of Justice or Lord Chief Justice in Languedoc Honorary Counsellour in the Parliament of Paris and both Counsellour of State and Counsellour in the Councel Royal several years and rendred very considerable Services to the State and so acquired the universal approbation of all people by his indefatigable Industry and his great Capacity and Zeal for the service of his Majesty and of the publick was at length upon all these Considerations named to the Chancellorship by his Majesty on the Feast of All-Saints in the year 1685. who was pleased to Seal his Patents deliver him the Seals and swear him into the said high and important Office the 3d of November following The Chancellour of France bears as a mark of his Dignity a Mortar-fashioned Cap of Cloth of gold set with Ermines upon the Crest of his Arms out of which with the Figure of a Queen coming out of it representing the Kingdom of France holding in her right hand a Scepter and in her left the Great Seals of the Kingdom and behind his Coat of Arms two great Vermilion gilt silver Maces passed Salteir-wise with a Scarlet Mantle set with rays of gold towards the top and furred with Ermines This Office was instituted as some say by Clotair the First and the first Chancellour was Bodin in the year 562. He was antiently called the Great Referendary and Keeper of the Royal Ring and Seal When a Keeper of the Great Seal is made at any time he has the same Authority given him as a Chancellour only with this difference that a Chancellour is not deposable but by arraigning him at the Bar and taking away his Life whereas the Keeper of the Seals is an Officer changeable at the Kings Pleasure The Original of the word Chancellour comes from this All Letters Patents and Charters formerly passing through his hands when they were not well drawn up or that any thing were found in them not conformable to Law and Custom he used to cross them out by drawing certain strokes and bars cross them Lattice-wise which in Latin are called Cancelli from whence comes the word Cancellare and the English word at this day used to signify making void any Writings viz. to Cancel and from thence the word Chancellour Sometimes he is called for distinctions sake Summus Cancellarius i. e. High Chancellour because there were and are several other Chancellours We shall speak of the other Officers of the Chancery when we have described the Kings Councils CHAP. XXII A general State and account of the Kings Councils and of the persons that compose them THE Affairs hapning daily being different and various different Councils have been provided to debate and resolve them in as the Council of War the Council of Dispatches the Council of State and of the Finances or Revenues Of the Council of War The Great Council of War sits commonly in the Kings Chamber where he himself unless some great indisposition hinder him is present with such Princes of the Blood Marshals of France and Great Lords as he thinks fit for their experience in Military Affairs to assist thereat Of the Council of Dispatches and the Secretaries of State This Council is kept in the Kings Chamber in his Majesties Presence and at it are usually present the Dauphin Monsieur the Duke of Orleans the Lord Chancellour the four principal Secretaries of State and those that have the grant of the reversion of their Offices The matters there treated of are the affairs of the Provinces and all other things both Foreign and Domestick of which the Secretaries of State then present make their Reports who likewise are to keep Memorials of all the resolutions taken there and are afterward to see them duly dispatched according to their several Departments or Provinces There are four Principal Secretaries of State and of the Commandments of his Majesty who divide among them all the affairs of the Kingdom and have every one their several Functions and business according to their respective departments These four Secretaries at present are 1. Michael-Francis le Tellier Son to the late Chancellour of France Marquiss of Louvois He is likewise Knight Commander and Chancellour of the Kings Orders of Knighthood Great Vicar General of the Order of Nôtre-Dame of Mount Carmel and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem Post-Master General and Super-intendant and Orderer General of the Royal Buildings and Protector of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture 2. John-Baptist Colbert Knight Marquiss of Seignelay c. Son of the late great Minister of State of that Name He is likewise President perpetual Chief and Director-General of the Company of the Commerce of the East-Indies and Great Treasurer of the Kings Orders of Knighthood 3. Peter-Baltasar Phylippeaux de la Vrilliere Marquiss of Chateau-neuf upon the Loire 4. Charles Colbert Knight and Marquiss of Croissy who is likewise Secretary of the Kings Orders and Finances President à Mortier or President wearing the Mortar Fashioned Cap in the Parliament of Paris formerly Ambassadour in England and since Plenipotentiary at the Treaty of Nimmeguen and in Bavaria for the Marriage of the Dauphin Their Departments are as follows The Departments of the aforesaid four Principal Secretaries of State are thus laid out 1. Mr. Louvois has for his Department The three Months of February June and October and the affairs of Poitou la Marche Catalonia and Rousillon Pignerol Lorain and the three Bishopricks Alsatia the places yielded or Conquered in Flanders Artois and Hainaut the Fortifications of the Places Conquered or recovered
such a day as he shall think fit to appoint at which the Lord Chancellour shall be present in order to the Examination and Determination of the said Affairs viz. The Brevets concerning the Taxes which shall afterward be signed by his Majesty and by all those who shall have the honour to be present at the said Council All Ordinances for laying any Impositions on the people of what nature or quality soever they be shall be reported to the said Council in order to be passed The Printed Papers to be posted up containing the Conditions of letting out the Farms shall be examined and agreed on in the said Council-Royal and after that the Farms shall be published the offers received and the said Farms adjudged to the fairest Bidders in the Ordinary Council of the Finances All Treaties or Bargains for Extraordinary Affairs All Orders of Loan and other Orders of like nature shall be reported examined and agreed on in the said Council-Royal and afterwards signed and passed in the same form that has been always hitherto practised The Rolls of the Exchequer as well as of the Expences accountable as of the ready Money shall be Examined and stated in the said Council-Royal at which at that time shall be present the same Persons that used to be present on such occasions after which they shall be signed by his Majesty and all those that shall be present thereat No Diminution shall be granted upon the Farms general Receits and extraordinary affairs of what nature soever they be unless it be in the presence of his Majesty in the said Council-Royal All which affairs shall be examined and resolved on in the said Council-Royal which shall be composed as is abovesaid of the Lord Chancellour as Chief and of three other Counsellours in the said Council His Majesty wills and means that the President or Chief of the said Council shall assemble all those that shall have the honour to be of it once a Week together with the other Directors Comptrollers General and Intendants of the Finances to examine all Affairs relating to the Finances as was wont to be practised in the lesser Directions under the Super-intendants excepting only those above reserved to the said Council-Royal and particularly to examine and deliberate on all the means imaginable to increase the ordinary Revenues of his Majesty to diminish and if it be possible wholly to remove all the Causes of the Diminutions of the Fanners and the insolvencies that happen in the general Receits and to use all careful indeavours that the said Impositions may be collected and brought in within the time prescribed by the Ordinances that so those Expences whose payment his Majesty shall assign upon the said Impositions may be punctually paid and discharged All the affairs that shall be examined in the lesser Directions shall be afterwards reported in the Grand Directions in order to be therein resolved on in the accustomed Form and that has been hitherto used The Councils of the Finances and Grand Directions shall be held as formerly provided however that none of those matters be treated on there that are here above-reserved to the Council-Royal of the Finances In all the Councils the Chief or President of the said Councils shall take the same place that the Super-intendants of the Finances were wont to take there and as for the other Councellours of State they shall take place according to the order of date of the Brevets or Patents by which they are constituted Councellours of State All the Orders and other Dispatches of the Council of Finances shall be signed by the said President or Chief and three Councellours belonging to the said Council-Royal His Majesty wills that at the opening of every Session of his Council-Royal Report shall always be made of the accounts of some one of the Farms of the general Receits in order to the Examination of the impediments the Farmers meet with in Collecting the Revenues of their Farms and of what just and reasonable means there may be used to augment them that so his Majesty may interpose his Royal Authority for making the best of them His Majesty reserves to himself the Power to Change Augment or diminish this present Regulation as the necessity of his Service shall require Given at Fountain bleau the 15th of September 1661. Signed Lewis and Lower de Guenegaud The Persons of which the Council-Royal of Finances is composed at present are the Lord Chancellours of France Chief or President M. Pelletier Comptroller-General of the Finances who succeeded the late Mr. Colbert Mr. Pussort and Mr. D' Argouges CHAP. XXIII Of the Council of State and of the Masters of Requests THE Present King Ordered by the first Article of his Regulation dated the first of January 1673. That the Council of State should be composed of the Lord Chancellour and Lord Keeper of the Seats of 21 Councellours of State in Ordinary whereof three are to be Church-men and three Sword-men of the Comptroller-General of the Finances of the two Intendants of the Finances all of them in Ordinary and of twelve other Councellours in State that shall serve half-yearly The present Comptroller-General of the Finances is Claudius le Pelletier Honorary Councellour in the Parliament of Paris formerly Councellour of State in Ordinary who was advanced to this Great Office upon the Death of the late Mr. Colbert The two Intendants of the Finances are Michael le Pelletier de Sousy Councellour of State And Francis le Tonnelier de Breteuil also Councellour of State By the 85th Article of the new Regulation the Advocates of the Councils that were formerly 200 were reduced to 170 the present Dean of them is Mr. Caussan The new Departments of the Comptroller-General and of the Intendants of the Finances are these 1. To Mr. Pelletier the Comptroller-General belong The Revenue of Commerce and Trade The united Farms viz. The Gabelles of France The Aids and Entries The Parties Casual or Casual Revenues The five Great Farms The Convoy of Bordeaux The Patents of Languedoc and other little Farms The Revenue arising from the Barrage and Pavement of Paris The Revenues of Burgundy Britany and Languedoc The Turcies and Levies The Extraordinary Revenues for the War Those of the Artillery The Revenues raised on the Clergy Of Coinage Of the Provostship of Nants Of the Bridges and Causeys Of the Kings and Queens Domains or Crown-Lands Of the Waters and Forests 2. Mr. Pelletier de Souzy has The Gabelles of Provence and Dauphiné and the Customs of Valence The Gabelles of Languedoc and the Country of Lyons The Gabelles and Quarantieme or fortieth of Lyons The Gabelles of Mets Toul and Verdun The Farm of the nine Livers and eighteen pence of Picardie The Farm of Ingrande The Revenue of Fish Paper and Beer That of Ashes Of the marking of Iron Of the Grants and Gifts of Cities The Revenues of Provence and Navarre Of Artois and other Conquered Places Of Mets Toul and Verdun Of the Parliament of
Revenues excepting the Regal Right or Due It also takes Cognisance of the Duties belonging to the King from Cathedral and Collegiate Churches upon the account of his joyful arrival to the Crown and of those due from Archbishops and Bishops when at their Instalments and Consecrations they swear Fidelity to the King of those arising from the Indults or Fees so called of Cardinals and other Prelates of the Kingdom from the Indult of the Officers of the Parliament of Paris From the appellations of the Provostship of the Houshold of the Warren of the Louvre and from those of the Chamber of the General Reformation of the Hospitals and Houses for the sick in France from the Commissions of the Chief Physian for the Reports of dead Bodies drowned and wounded and all Statutes or Orders of the said Chief Physician concerning Pharmacy from the Execution of or offences against the Statutes or Orders of the Kings Chief Barber and from Appeals concerning the Persons Estates or Priviledges of the Great Orders of the Kingdom as are those of Chiny the Cistercians the premonstrated Monks Grandmont the Trinity the Holy Ghost Fontevrault and St. John of Jerusalem From the withdrawing concealing and imbezeling Ecclesiastical Goods or Estates and Immunities and Franchises or Liberties of Ecclesiastick Persons and from several Appeals concerning the ancient Substitutions of the Great Houses of the Kingdom The Solemn and Ceremonial Habits used in the Grand Council are Robes of Black-Velvet for the Presidents and Black-Satin Robes for the Councellours Advocates and Proctor-General and the Recorder or Registrer The Great Council is a Court that Judges without Appeal and that follows the King whenever it pleases his Majesty The place where the Grand Council is held is in the Cloister of the Church of St. Germains l' Auxerrois at Paris near the Louvre And because the Chancellour is not only the Head and Chief of all the Kings Councils but also the Head of the Chancery since he has the Seals in keeping Now we have treated of the several Councils it will be most proper in the next place to speak of the Officers of the Chancery in their order and to explain what their Offices are CHAP. XXV Of the Councellours and Secretaries of the King House and Crown of France and of their Finances or Revenues THE Councellours so stiled as above are in number 240 and have his Majesty for the Chieftain and Soveraign Protector of their Company ever since the first Institution of it and his Majesty has the first Purse of the profits of the Seal The first of them is called their Dean These Secretaries-Councellours were reduced and united into one only Body and Company by an Edict of the Month of April 1672. by which they are maintained in all their ancient Priviledges and Exemptions of this number are the four Principal Secretaries of State the four Secretaries of the Council of the Finances or Revenues the four Registrers of the Council of Parties and the Chief Registrers or Recorders of the superiour Companies of the Kingdom Their principal Function is to be present and assisting at the application of the Seal and to dispatch and sign all Letters that are presented to the Lord Chancellour to be sealed they read to him all Letters of Pardon Remission and other Graces and Favours which he grants or refuses The Chancellour is Judge of all matters that relate to their Places and Functions and the Sentences given by them in Council run in this tenour The King in his Council by the advice of the Lord Chancellour has Order'd and does Order c. All the Offices of the Chanceries throughout the Kingdom excepting only those of the great Audiancers of France the 240 Secretaries of the King and some others are at the disposal and nomination of the Chancellour and of his Parties Casual CHAP. XXVI Of the Great or High Chancery of France FIrst There are in it four Great Audiencers that officiate quarterly each one in their quarter The Great Audiencers of France are the first Officers of the Seal Their principal Function is to view and examine the Letters that are to be sealed which are to be carried or sent to them the day before they are to be sealed by the Kings Secretaries abovesaid that they may present them and report them to the Chancellour and tax them at the Controll The four Great Audiencers of France the four Comptrollers-General the four Keepers of the Rolls of the Offices of France the four Conservatours of the Hypotheques and the Treasurers of the Seal are by their places Secretaries to the King perform the Functions of such and enjoy all their Priviledges and Exemptions There are four Comptrollers-General of the Audience of the Chancery of France that serve likewise quarterly The principal Function of the Comptroller-General of the Chancery of France in the time of his Waiting is to take and lay before the Wax-Chafer the Letters that are ready for the Seal and when they are sealed to receive them again from the hands of the Wax-Chafer and put them into the Chest for that purpose without imbezeling or fliding aside any one of them And he is to put to his Comptroll and Paraphe or Mark all along the sides after the Great Audiencer has taxed them as it was Order'd by the Edict of the Month of April in 1664. There are four Keepers of the Rolls of the Offices of France that officiate likewise quarterly Their Chief Function is to have and keep the Rolls and Registers of all the Offices of France that are sealed of what nature soever they be The Kings Secretaries that dispatch them are to send or carry the said Letters to them before they pass the Seal that they may present them and make their Report of them to the Chancellour It is in their hands that all oppositions to the sealing of them or dispatching them in the Offices whether it be upon the account of a Hypotheque or any other title or pretence are to be made of which they keep a Register and for which they are responsable in Case the Offices be sealed contrary to those oppositions because that if the said Offices that is what passes in them should be sealed without being charged with those oppositions they would be discharged of all Hypotheques There are under these four Deputy-Keepers of the Rolls whose places are united to theirs There are four Conservatours of the Hypotheques or of the Rents upon the Town-House or Guild-hall and on the augmentations of Wages that officiate quarterly Their Duty is to do the same thing in relation to the Rents and augmentations of Wages that the Keepers of the Rolls do in respect of the Offices that is to say to present and report to the Chancellour all Letters of Ratification of the acquisition or purchase of those Rents or augmentations of Wages that the Kings Secretaries have dispatched and signed to receive the oppositions made against the sealing and dispatching the said
the Kings mark which is a Flower-deluce and that Gratis and without exacting any Fees The present Chief President of this Court is Nicho'as Cotignon de Chauvry Lord of Chawvry and of Breüil c. There are besides eight other Presidents twenty nine Councellers two Advocates and one Proctor-General one Substitute or Deputy to the Proctor-General who is likewise the Kings Proctor in the general Provostship of the Monies of France and one other Substitute who is likewise an Assessour in the general Provostship of the Monies or Mint One Recorder or Registrer in Chief one Chief Usher and seventeen other Ushers besides which there is a Provost-General of the Monies or Mint and Marshalsy of France who takes place after the last Councellour when he comes thither to bring the Criminal Processes to be judged that he has drawn up and taken information of There are likewise several Lieutenants and Exempts one Assessour some Registrers and sixty Archers or Guards In the year 1685. the King established a Hall and Chamber or Court for the Mint in the Town of Lisle for the Provinces of Flanders Artois Hainault Luxemburg the Town and Country of Lisle and Towns of Tournay and Cambray and the Countries of their Name CHAP. XXXV Of the Treasurers of France THE Treasurers General of France whose Institution is almost as ancient as the Monarchy were Erected into generalities about the year 1450. which were establisht in divers parts of the Kingdom to judge of all matters relating to the Crown Lands and the Kings Revenues They are of the Body of the Sovereign Companies or Courts and injoy the same Priviledges as the Chamber of Accounts in which they have Place sitting Voice and opinion deliberative or freedom of debating as they have likewise in the Court of Aids when they go thither about any important affairs They have likewise place and sitting in the Parliament with the Councellours when it is necessary for them to go thither for the Kings business or that of the publick and are Commissaries by their Places of the Sovereign Chambers of the frank or free Fiefs or Tenures of the Crown Lands c. They are reckoned among the Kings Domestick Officers that are Commoners in his Houshold and enjoy all Priviledges as such And in that Quality they are sworn to the King by the Chancellour before they are admitted to their Offices They give out all Orders concerning the Buildings and Reparations of all Royal Houses of Palaces where Courts of Justice are held of Presidials Bayliwicks Seneschalsies Provostships and other Royal Jurisdictions and of Bridges Causeys Pavements and other publick works but the Palace of the Louvre and some other Royal Houses were dismembred from their Office and Care when the Sieur de Fourey Treasurer of France at Paris caused the Office of Super-intendant of the Buildings to be Erected of which he got himself provided by Patent selling his former place of Treasurer of France All Letters of ennobling restoration of Blood Naturalization Legitimation Aubaine or Grant of deceased Strangers Goods or Estates Disinheritance Erections of Lands into Baronies Marquisates Counties and Dutchies and all Letters of Donation Impost or Toll Pensions and other Letters concerning the Kings Crown-Lands are to be addressed to them to be Registred in their Office All Levies of Taxes are to be made by vertue of Letters Patents addressed to them after they have given in to the King and the Lords of his Councel the Departments made by them of the Taxes upon the Elections in Execution of the Brief or Brevets his Majesty directs every year to them for that effect upon which Letters they make Remonstrances to his Majesty when need requires and send their annexed Schedules or Bills and Commands to the Persons Elected to lay Impositions accordingly on the Parishes within their respective Elections That Imposition is made in the generality of Paris by the Treasurers of France and other Commissaries distributed throughout the several Elections depending of that generality whither they go and preside in order to make a Regulation of the said Taxes together with the Officers thereto belonging They afterwards send to the general and particular Receivers the Accounts or Calculations of recovering or collecting the said Taxes in order to their receiving them The same method is to be used in levying all the other Monies raised in the Kingdom of what nature soever they be There are two Receivers-General of the Finances or Revenues in the generality of Paris and two Comptrollers-General of the Domain or Crown-Lands and Treasure which were Commissionated in 1670. All the Officers of the Elections of the Granaries of Salt and all the Officers concerned in the Accounts of the general or particular receits thereof or the Commissioners for the Receit of the Royal Deniers or Monies are admitted and sworn by these Treasurers and give up their Accounts there truly and exactly before they give them up to the Chamber of Accounts They are great Seers or Surveyours and have the Direction Oeconomy and Policy of the Surveys particularly of that of Paris as well for the High-ways and for hindring all Enterprises that may be made in them as for the Buildings and all advances jettings out incumbrances and nuisances of High-ways Views or Prospects and publick ways and passages And all Letters Patent for the removal changing and stopping up or inclosing of High-ways and the like matters are addressed to them as persons to whom the Cognisance of the Cause belongs and the parties therein concerned are cited and plead before them where Justice is rendred them without further Appeal There are twenty three Generalities in the Kingdom of France and twenty three Treasurers of France in every Office the first of which is at Paris in the Palace near St. Michael's Chappel These Treasurers meet on Mondays Tuesdays Thursdays and Fridays in the Morning and every Saturday the Commissioners for the Pavements likewise meet In Vacation time they meet but twice a Week viz. on Tuesdays and Fridays These Treasurers-General of France and of the Finances or Revenues and Grands Seers or Surveyours in the generality of Paris are as follows There are four Presidents 19 Councellers-Treasurers two Advocates and one Proctor-General for the King one Recorder or Register one Chief Usher and House-Keeper and five other Ushers Of the Chamber of the Treasury In the Great Hall of the Palace is the Chamber of the Treasury which privately or exclusively to all other Judges takes cognisance of the payment of the Dues and Farms of the Crown-Lands and of the differences arising on that subject Of the Duties of Abeine or deceased Strangers Estates of Bastardise disinheriting and of the Fines and Amerciaments awarded by the Decrees of the Parliament and all incidents arising thence from which there lay an Appeal to the Parliament The Officers of the Chamber of the Treasury have another Chamber besides in the Office of the Treasurers of France where they assemble sometimes The Treasurers of
de Starembourg Vassenar Ambassador Extraordinary 5. From Malta the Bayliff de Hauteville c. Ambassador from the Grand Master of Malta Envoys according to the Order of their arrival in France 1. From Portugal Dom Salvador Taborda Envoy Extraordinary 2. From Sweden M. Liliencroot 3. From Denmark M. Meyercroon 4. From Spain M. Delval 5. From the Emperour Count Cobkowitz Envoy Extraordinary 6. From England Mr. Skelton Envoy Extraordinary Other Envoys and Residents are 1. The Resident of the Elector of Cologne and States of Liége M. Waldorf 2. An Envoy Extraordinary from the Elector of Brandenburg M. Spanheim 3. From the Duke of Mantua the Count Balliani 4. The Envoy of Modena is the Abbot Rizini 5. The Envoy Extraordinary of Genoa is the Marquiss Girardo Spinola The Agents are 1. An Auditor of the Nunciature the Abbot Laury 2. The Agent for the Elector Palatine and other Princes of the Empire is M. John le Breton 3. And for the Elector of Brandenburg the Hans Towns and Landgraviate of Hessen M. Bek And for the Dukes of Weymar M ..... When one Ambassador is relieved or succeeded by another at the arrival of the new they both go together to Court whereas they are going to their Audience he that is relieved still takes the upper hand of the new one but when they come back from their Audience the new Comer or Successour takes place of the other But if an Ambassador only in Ordinary be sent to relieve one that is Ambassador Extraordinary the Extraordinary Ambassador takes the upper hand both in going to and coming from Audience FINIS THE TABLE A. ACademy of France Page 510 Admiral of France 371 Admiralty of France 482 Administration of Justice 451 Aids 496 Air of France 5 Almoner of France Great 61 Almoner of France First c. 66 Ambassadors of France 513 in France 515 Antichamber 134 Apothecaries Kings 141 Arch-Bishopricks 404 Arch-Bishops 406 Arquebuse or Fire-Arms Carrier 120 Attire 17 B. BAilywick of the Palace 483 Bastile 170 Birds of the Chamber 132 Bishopricks 404 Bishops 406 Buildings 10 C. CAmp-Master 356 Captains of the Guards 234 of the Guides 184 Carver 80 Castle of Blois 172 of Chambor ibid. of Compiegne 169 of Monceaux 171 of Plessis le Tours 173 of Vincennes 170 Cavalry of France 357 Ceremonies c. 151 Chamber of Accounts 461 of the Treasury 473 Chamberlain of France 107 Chancery of France 397 Chatelet or Castle of Paris 484 Children of France 24 Chyrurgions Kings 140 Clergy of Kings Houshold 73 Climate of France 2 Cloak-Carriers 118 Closet of Antiquities 131 of Arms ibid. of Books 130 of Dispatches ibid. Commodities of France 5 Common Buttry 99 Fruitery 101 Kitchin 100 Pantry 99 Complexion of the French 15 Comptrollers of the Counting-House 90 of the Privy-Purse 129 Computation 18 Constable of France 348 Constablry 478 Councils of the King 379 of Dispatches 380 of Finances or Revenues 383 call'd the Grand-Council 393 of State 388 of War 379 Counsellors and Secretaries of the Finances or Revenues of France 396 Counties and Baronies c. reunited to the Crown 331 Counting-House 89 Court of Aids 466 of Bazoche 484 of Monies or Coynage 468 of Masonry 483 Cupbearer 80 D. DAuphin of France 24 his Houshold 272 his Childrens Servants 292 Dauphiness 25 her Houshold 280 Diet of the French 16 Dimensions of France 2 Division of France ibid. Dogs of the Kings Chamber 133 Dukes and Peers 315 Dukes and Peers with the Names of their Dukedoms and the date of their Verification 320 Dukes and Peers whose Patents are not yet verified 323 Dutchies or Dutchies and Peerages not verified at Paris 322 Dutchies and Peerages Extinct and not Extinct 324 E. ELection of Paris 487 F. FAculty of Arts 505 of Divinity 502 of Law 504 of Physick ibid. Family of de la Tour d' Auvergne of which was the Famous Godfrey of Bouillon 49 Family of Grimaldi de Mourgues or of the Prince of Monaco in Italy 51 Family of Rohan 52 Family of Tremoille 56 Fewel or Wood-Office 101 Flight of the Magpie 133 Foot-Guards 265 Fountainbleau 164 G. GAbels 496 Genealogy of the Royal Branch of Bourbon 21 General of the Gallies 375 Generalities of France 491 Gens d' Armes or Men at Arms of the Kings-Guard 261 357 Gentlemen-Waiters 81 Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber 111 Gentlemen of the Kings-Houshold 137 Gentlemen Pensioners 271 Goblet or Kings own Buttry 93 Governments in France 417 Granary of Salt at Paris 488 Greyhounds of the Chamber 132 Guards de la Manche or of the Sleeve 230 of the Gate 252 of the great Provost of the Houshold 259 without the Gate 261 Guildhall or Townhouse of Paris 489 H. HArbingers or Fouriers 58 Hawking 203 Heralds at Arms 152 Historiographers of France 508 House of Longueville 38 of Lorrain 39 of Savoy setled in France 46 Hunting 198 I. INfantry 357 Inhabitants 11 Introductor of Ambassadors 194 Institution of Parliaments in France 451 452 Judges Consuls 490 K. KIng now Reigning 9 Kings Houshold 61 Kings Pleasures 197 Kitchin of the Mouth 96 Knights of the Holy Ghost 337 Knights of the Order of St. Michael of Mont Carmel and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem 343 L. LAnguage of France 14 Laws 11 Legitimated Children of Henry the Great and their Descendants 35 Legitimated Children of the present King 33 Life-Guard-Men 237 Light Horse of the Kings Guard 264 Light Horse 357 Lords in France that bear the stile of Princes 59 Louvre 159 M. MAdame and her Family 28 her Houshold 307 Madrid Palace 161 Manners of the French 11 Maritime Forces 371 Marshals of France 351 Marshals of the Lodgings c. 175 Marshalsy of France 478 Master of the Kings Houshold Great 74 Master of the Kings Houshold First 77 Master of the Artillery 368 Master of the Ceremonies 193 Master of the Horse 143 Masters of Requests 388 Measures of the French 8 Military Officers of the Kings Housholds 223 Money 7 Monsieur and his Family 28 his Houshold 294 his Guards 305 Musick of the Kings Chappel 72 of the Chamber 135 Musqueteers on Horseback of the Kings Guards 269 N. NAmes and Surnames 17 Name of France 1 Name of the King 19 Nobility of France 313 Number of the Inhabitants 14 Numbring the French Manner 18 Nursery of Horses or the Haras 151 O. OAth of Allegiance taken by the Bishops 65 Officers under the title of Valet de Chambres 121 124 Officers for Journeys 185 Officers of the Kings Orders 341 Officers whose Incomes are yearly returned into the Exchequer or Treasure Royal 498 Order observ'd when the King dines in publick 83 Order of the Kings March 239 Orders of Knighthood in France 333 Orders of Knighthood call'd the Kings Orders 334 Order of Quartering an Army 182 P. PAntler 80 483 Park 167 Parliament of Paris 455 Peers of France 315 316 Physicians Kings 139 Porters of the Bedchamber 124 Precedence in the Kings Court 256 Prerogative of the King 19 Princes of the Blood 29 Priviledges of the Commoners Tabled in the Kings Houshold 216 of Chyrurgions 221 of the Court Clergy 220 of Lifeguard-Men 222 of all the Kings Officers ibid. Provost of France 186 Punishments in France 14 Q. QUerries 154 R. REcreations 17 Religion 11 Riches of France 6 Royal Houses 159 Royal Housholds 272 S. SEcretary of State 380 of the Housholds 195 Seven Offices 93 Soil of France 5 St. Germains en Laye 162 Stables Kings 148 Stature of the French 15 Stranger-Princes in France 39 Style of the King 20 Suisse Guards 241 Regiment 266 Surveyor of Royal Buildings 158 T. TAxes 493 Taylors Kings 128 Title of the King 21 Trade of France 6 Tradesmen following the Court 213 Treasurers of France 470 Treasury-Royal 499 Troops of the Kings Houshold and Officers 223 357 V. VAlets de Chambre 113 Versailles 171 Virtuosi of France 510 Universities of France 501 Ushers of the Chamber 114 W. WAterservers or Serdeau's 82 Waters and Forests 474 Woolf-Hunting 211 Y. YEomen of the Chamber 123 Climate Bounds Dimensions and Figure Division Air. Soil Commodities Riches and Trade Money and Coins Weights and Measures Buildings Inhabitants Laws Religion Manners Punishments Number Language Stature and Complexion Diet. Attire Recreations Names Computation and Numbring * Sire a Title anciently given to most great Lords who were petty Soveraigns though now only to Kings Wages Prerogative Oath Office * A Box containing the Kings Plates Napkins Knives c. Functions and Prerogatives * The Nave is the Box containing the Kings Plates Napkins Knives c. * Caraffes are large Glasses in form of those used for Vinegar at our Tables Function and Priviledges Their Functions and Priviledges A Stick used in the Pallmall Antiquity of this Office Present Functions and Priviledges Oath 1 * A Security given to save harmless or for the true Title of Lands c. * A sort of Cistercian Monks * A certain Jurisdiction so called * Both Sword-men and Gown-men * The sixth part of a Penny †A Measure being something above half a Bushel * A Denier is the twelfth part of a Penny