Burgundian that it wholy alienated his minde from the English to their great losse in all the French warres following Paulus Aemilius Lib. 10. Iohn Lorde Talbot first Earle of Shrewsbury of that familie supprised vppon the sodaine by the French army at Chastilion farre from cowardly fâ—are of death and fatherly affected to his sonne the Lorde â—isle who woulde not forsake him in that danger advised him to fâ—le saying My death in respect of my former exploites can not be but honourable and in respect of thy youth neither can it be honourable for thee to die nor dishonourable to fâ—ie But this yong Lord in height of courage nothing degenerating from so worthy a father lost his life with his father in the field and with them a base sonne and a sonne in lawe of the sayde Earles Paulus Aemilius Lib. 10. Commentarij Pij PP 2. Lib. 6. After this battell when the flames of inward warre beganne to flash out in England the martiall men of England were called home out of Fraunce to maintaine the factions heere at which time a French Captaine scoffingly asked an English-man when they woulde returne againe into Fraunce He answered feelingly and vpon a true ground When your sinnes shal be greater and more grievous in the sight of God than ours are now ¶ Vntill this time from the beginning of King Edward the first which was about an hundred and sixtie yeeres whosoever will with a marking eie consider the comportment of the English Nation the concurrent of martiall men their Councells military discipline designs actions and exploites not onely out of our owne Writers but also forraine Historians cannot but acknowledge that they were men of especiall worth and their prowesse both great and glorious Why afterward it should decay as all other professions which even like plants have their times of beginning or in-rooting their growing vp their flourishing their maturitie and than these fading were a disquisition for the learned Whether it proceedeth from celestiall influence or those Angelles which Plato makes or the Secundei which Trithâ—â—â—ius imagined to have the regiment of the world successively or from the degenerating of numbers into summes which I confesse I vnderstand not being an ignorant in abstruse learning Onely I have read in Paterculus that when either envie or admiration hath given mâ—n an edge to ascend to the highest and when they can ascend no higher after a while they must naturally descend Yet I relie vpon that of Eccclesiastes as I vnderstand it Cuncta fecit bona in tempore suâ— Deus mundum tradidit disputationi eorum vt non inveniat home quod operatus est Deus ab initio vsque ad finem But pardon mee I cannot tell how I have beene by admiration of our Progenitours diverted from my purpose In the yeere of our Lord 1416. when a fifteene hundred English vnder the coÌ„duct of I Beaufort erle of Derset were encompassed betweene the sea and fifteen thousand French The Erle of Arminac generall of the French sent to the Earle advising him to yeelde himselfe but hee answered It is not the manner of the English to yeelde without blowes neither am I so heartlesse that I will deliver my selfe into their handes whom God â—ay deliver into mine And accordingly God gave him the honour of the day to the great confusion of the enemy Walsingham in Ypodigmate VVHen Elizabeth the widow of sir Iohn Gray was a suter vnto King Edward the fourth against whome her husband lost his life for her ioynture the kinde King became also a suter to her vnto her for a nights lodging But she wisely answered him when hee became importunate That as she did account her selfe too base to be his wife so shee did thinke her selfe too good to be his 〈◊〉 When love grew so hote in this K. Edward the fourth that hee would needes marry the saide Elizabeth widow of sir Iohn Grey to the great discontent of his Counsell but especially of his mother who alleaging many reasons to the contrary saide That onely widowhood might be sufficient to restraine him for that it was high disparagement to a King to be dishonoured with bigamy in his first marriage The King merrily aunswered In that shee is a widdow and hath already children by Gods blessed Lady I am a batcheller and have some too and so each of vs hath a proofe that neither of vs are like to be barren And therefore Madam I pray you be content I trust in God she shal bring you forth a yong Prince that shall please you And as for the bigamy let the Bishop hardly lay it in my way when I come to take Orders for I vnderstand it is forbidden to a Priest but I never wist it yet that it was forbidden to a Prince His note love neverthelesse was partable among three other of his Mistresses of whome hee was woont to say The one was the fairest the other the merriest and the third the holiest for she had wholy devoted her selfe to his bedde and her beades When Lewes the eleaventh French King entertained diverse Councellors of king Edward the fourth with large pensions to steede him in England hee sent Peter Cleret one of the maisters of his housholde vnto the Lorde Hastings the Kings Chamberlaine to present him with twoo thousand crownes Which when he had received Petre Cleret did pray him that for his discharge he would make him an acquittance The Lorde Chamberlaine made a great difficultie thereat Then Cleret dooth request him againe that hee would give vnto him onely a letter of three lines for his discharge to the King signifying that hee had received them The Lord Chamberlaine answered Sir that which you say is very reasonable but the gift comes from the goodwill of the King your Maister and not at my request at all If it please you that I shall have it you shall put it within the pocket of my sleeve and you shall have no other acquittance of me For I will never it shal be saide for mee that the Lorde Chamberlaine of the King of England had beene Pentioner to the King of Fraunce Nor that my acquittances shal be found in the Chamber of accompts in Fraunce The aforesâ—id Cleret went away male-content but left his money with him and came to tell his message to his King who was very angry with him But thenceforth the Lord Chamberlaine of England was more esteemed with the French and alwayes payde without acquittance Philippe de Commines KIng Richard the third whose monstrous birth foreshewed his monstrous proceedings for he was born with all his teeth and haire to his shoulders albeit hee lived wickedly yet made good Lawes and when diverse shires of England offered him a benevolence hee refused it saying I know not in what sence I haa rather have your hearts than your money Ioannes Rossus Warwiceusis Iohn Morton then Bishoppe of Elie but afterward of Canterbury being solicited by the Duke of Buckingham then
this Isle somewhat answerable to the Greeke names Philippe Speusiprus Ctesippus his brother in like sort was called Horsa HARHOLD Sax. Luther interpreteth it Governour or Generall of an Armie and so would I if it were Harwold But being written Harhold Herold I rather turne it love of the Armie For Hold see Rheinhold For Hare and Here that they signifie both an Armie and a Lord it is taken for granted Yet I suspect this Here for a Lord to come from the Latine Herus See Ethelwold HERBERT Germ. Famous Lord bright Lord or Glorie of the Army HERVVIN ger Victorious Lord or Victor in the Armie HARMAN or Hermon ger Generall of an Army the same which Strato or Polemarchus in Greeke Caesar turned it into Arminius Tscudus Hence the German Dukes are called Hertogen as Leaders of Armies HERCVLES gr Glorie or illumination of the aire as it pleaseth Macrobius who affirmeth it to be proper to the Sunne but hath bin given to valiant men for their glorie HIEROME gr Holy name HILDEBERT germ Bright or famous Lord. See Maud. HILARY Lat. Merrie and pleasant HOVVEL A Brittish name the originall whereof some Britan may finde Goropius turneth it Sound or whole as wisely as he saith Englishmen were called Angli because they were good Anglers I rather would fetch Hoel from Haelius that is Sunne-bright as Coel from Caelius HVâ—H Aventinus deriveth it from the German word Hougen that is slasher or cutter But whereas the name Hugh was first in vse among the French and Oâ—frid in the yeare 900. vsed Hugh for Comfort I iudge this name to be borrowed thence and so it is correspondent to the Greeke names Elpidius and Elpis HVMFREY ger for Humfred House-peace a lovely and happie name if it could turne home-warres betweene man and wife into peace The Italians have made Onuphrius of it in Latine HVBERT Sax. Bright forme faire shape or faire hope HORATIO I know not the Etymologie vnlesse you will derive from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is wel sighted J IACOâ— Heb. A tripper or supplanter Whose name because he had power with God that he might also prevaile with men was changed into Israel by God See Genes ca. 32. Philo de nominibus mutatis IAMES Wrested from Iacob the same Iago in Spanish Iaques in French which some frenchified English to their disgrace have too much affected IASPER Iâ—EL See Ybel IOACHIM Heb. Preparation of the Lord. IEREMY Heb High of the Lord. IOAB Heb Fatherhood IOHN Heb Gratious yet though so vnfortunate in Kings for that Iohn of England well neare lost his Kingdome and Iohn of France was long captive in England and Iohn Balioll was lifted out of his Kingdome of Scotland that Iohn Steward when the Kingdome of Scotland came vnto him renouncing that name would be proclaimed King Robert See Iuon IOB Heb. Sighing or sorrowing IORDAN Heb The river of iudgement IOSVAH Heb As Iesuiah Saviour IOSCâ—LIN A diminitive from Iâ—st or Iustus as Iustulus according to Islebius but molefied from Iostelin in the old Netherland language from whence it came with Ioscelin of Lovan yonger sonne of Godfrey Duke of Brabant Progenitour of the honourable Percyes if not the first yet the most noble of that name in this Realme Nicotius maketh it a diminitive from Iost Iudocus IOSEPH Heb. Encreasing Philâ— or encrease of the Lord. IOSIAS Heb. Fire of the Lord. IOSVAH Heb The Lord Saviour INGEIBERT See Engelbert INGRAM Germ Engelramus in Latine deduced from Engell which signifieth an Angell as Angelo is common in Italy so Engelbert seemeth to signifie bright Angell ISAAC Heb Laughter the same which Gelasius among the Greekes ISRAEL Heb. Seeing the Lord or prevailing in the Lord See Iacob IVLIVS gr Soft haired or mossie bearded so doth Iulus signifie in Greeke It was the name of Aeneas sonne who was first called Ilus Ilus erat dum res stetit Ilia regno The old Englishmen in the North parts turned Iulius into Ioly and the vnlearned Scribes of that time may seeme to have turned Iulianus into Iolanus for that name doth often occurre in olde evidences IVON is the same with Iohn and vsed by the Welsh and Sclavâ—nians for Iohn and in this Realme about the Conquerours time Iohn was rarely found but Iuon as I have observed IONATHAN Heb. The same with Theodorus and Theodosius that is Gods gift K KENHELME Sax. Defence of his kinred Hâ—â—m Defence Luther so 〈◊〉 Happy defence Bright-helme Faire defence Sig-â—elme Victorious defence KENARD Sax. Kinde disposition and affection his kinred L LAMBERT Sax As some thinke Faire-lamb Luther turneth it Farre famous LANCELOT seemeth a Spanish name and may signifie a Launce as the militarie men vse the word now for an horseman Some think it to be no auntient name but forged by the writer of king Arthurs historie for one of his doubtie knights LAVRENCE Lat Flourishing like a Baie tree the same that Daphnis in Greeke LAZARVS Hebr Lords-help LEOFSTAN Sax most beloved LEOFVVIN Sax Winlove or to be loved as Agapetus and Erasmus with the Greekes and Amandus with the Latines LEONARD ger Lion-like disposition as Thymoleon with the Greekes or Popularis indoles as it pleaseth Lipsâ—â—s that is People pleasing disposition LEVVIS Wrenched from Lâ—dowike which Tilius interpreteth Refuge of the people LEVVLIN Brit. Lion-like the same with Leominus and Leontius LIONELL Lat Leonellus that is Little-lyon LVKE Hebr Rising or lifting vp LEODEGAR or LEGER geâ—m Gatherer of people Lipsius in Poliorceticis or Altogether popular LEODPOLD ger Defender of people corruptly Leopold In our auncient tongue Leod signified people of one Citie as Leodscip was to them Respublica The northerne Germans have yet Leud in the same sense So Luti Liâ—di Leuti and Leudi as the Dialect varieth signifies people In which sence the Normans in the life of Carolus Magnus were called Nortleud The names wherein Leod are found seeme translated from those Greeke names wherein you shall finde Dâ—mâ—s and Lâ—â—s as Demosthenes that is Strength of the people Dimochares that is Gratious to the people Demophilus that is Lover of the people Nicodemus that is Conqueror of people Lâ—â—medon that is Ruler of people Lâ—odâ—mas that is Tamer of people c. LIVIN germ The same with Amatus that is Beloved Kilianus M MADOC Brit from Mad that is Good in the Welsh as Caradoc from Câ—â—â— that is Beloved The same with Agathias in Greek Dict Walicum MALACHIAS hebr My messenger MANASâ—â— hebr not forgotten MARCâ—LLVâ— lat Plutarch out of Pâ—ssidoâ—ius doâ—â—vetâ— it from Mars as martiall and warlike other from Marculus that is an Hammer The latter times turned it to Martell and Mallet which diverse tooke for a surname because they valiantly didde hammer and beate downe their adversaries See Malmes pag. 54. MARMADVC germ Mermachtig as some coniecture which in olde Saxon signifieth More mightie being sweetened in sound by processe of time A name vsuall in the North but most in former times in the noble
observed the very primary beginnings as it were of many surnames which are thought very antient when as it may be proved that their very lineall Progenitors bare other names within these sixe hundred yeers Mortimer and Warren are accounted names of great antiquitie yet the father of them for they were brethren who first bare those names was Walterus de sancto Martino He that first tooke the name of Clifford from his habitation was the sonne of Richard sonne of Puntz a noble Norman who had no other name The first Lumley was sonne of an antient English man called Liwulph The first Gifford from whome they of Buckingham the Lords of Brimesfeld and others descended was the sonne of a Norman called Osbert de Belebeâ— The first Windsor descended from Walter the sonne of Other Castellan of Windsor The first who tooke the name of Shirley was the sonne of Sewall descended from Fulcher without any other name The first Nevill of them which are now from Robert the sonne of Maldred a braunch of an olde English familie who married Isabel the daughter and heire of the Nevills which came out of Normandy The first Level came from 〈◊〉 de Perceâ—â—â—ll The first Montacute was the sonne of Drogo â—â—venis as it is in Record The first Stanley of them now Earles of Derby was likewise sonne to Adâ—vn de Aldeleigh or Audley as it is in the olde Pedegree in the Eagle tower of Latham And to omit others the first that tooke the name of de Burgo or Burks in Ireland was the sonne of an English man called William Fitz Aldelniâ— as the first of the Giraldâ—â—es also in that Countrey was the sonne of an Englishman called Girald of Windsor In many more could I exemplifie which shortly after the conquest tooke these surnames when either their fathers had none at all or else most different whatsoever some of their posteritie doe overweene of the antiquitie of their names as though in the continuall mutabilitie of the worlde conversions of States and fatall periods of families five hundred yeeres were not sufficient antiquitie for a family or name whenas but very few have reached thereunto In the autentical Record of the Exchequer called Domesday Surnames are first found brought in then by the Normans who not long before first tooke them but most noted with de such a place as Godefridus de Mannevilla A. de Grey Walterus de Vernon Robert de Oily now Doyley Albericus de Vere Radulphus de Pomerey Goscelinus de Dive Robertus de Buslâ—â— Guilielmus de Moiun R. de Braiâ—se Rogerus de Lacy Gislebertus de Venables or with Filius as Ranulphus Asculphi Guilielmis filius Osbernie Richardus filius Gisleberti or else with the name of their office as Eudo Depifer Guil Camerarius Hervaeus Legatus Gislebertus Cocus Radulphus Venator but very many with their Christian names onlie as Olaff Nigellus Eustachius Baldricus with single names are noted last in every shire as men of least account and as all or most vnderholders specified in that Booke But shortly after as the Romans of better sorte had three names according to that of Iuvenal Tanquam habeas trianomina that of Ausonius Tria nomina nobiliorum So it seemed a disgrace for a Gentleman to have but one single name aâ— the meaner sorte and bastards had For the daughter and 〈◊〉 of Fitz 〈◊〉 a great Lord as Robert of Gloucester in the Librarie of the industrious Antiquary maister Iohn Stowe writeth when king Henry the first would have married hir to his base sonne Robert she first refusing answered It were to me a great shame To have a Lord without'n his twa name whereupon the king his father gave him the name of Fitz-Roy who after was earle of Gloucester and the onely Worthy of his age To reduce surnames to a Methode is matter for a Ramist who should happly finde it to be a Typocosmie I will plainely set downe from whence the most have beene deduced as farre as I can conceive hoping to incurre no offence heerein with any person when I protest in all sinceritie that I purpose nothing lesse than to wrong any man in any respect or to make the least aspersion vpon any whosoever The end of this scribling labour tending onely to maintaine the honor of our names against some Italianated who admiring strange names doe disdainefully contemne their owne countrey names which I doubt not but I shall effect with the learned and iudicious to whom I submit all that I shall write The most surnames in number the most antient and of best accompt have been locall deduced from places in Normandy and the countries confining being either the patrimonaill possessions or native places of such as served the Conquerour or came in after out of Normandy as Aulbeny or Mortimer Warren Albigny Percy Gournay Devreux Tankervil Saint-Lo Argenton Marmion Saint Maure Bracy Maigny Nevill Ferrers Harecourt Baskervile Mortaigne Tracy Beufoe Valoyns Cayly Lucy Montfort Bonvile Bovil Auranch c. Neither is there any village in Normandy that gave not denomination to some family in England in which number are all names having the French De Du Des De-la prefixt beginning or ending with Font Fant Beau Sainct Mont Bois Aux Eux Vall Vaux Cort Court Fort Champ Vil which is corruptly turned in some into â—eld as in Baâ—kerfeld Somerfeld Dangerfeld Trublâ—feld Grâ—â—feld 〈◊〉 for Bâ—â—kervil Somervil Dangervil Turbervil Greeâ—â—vil 〈◊〉 vil and in others into Well as Boswell for Bâ—ssevil 〈◊〉 for Freschevil As that I may note in passage the 〈◊〉 Nobilitie take their names from places adding Ski or Ki thereunto Out of places in Britaine came the families of Saint Aubin Morâ—ey Dâ—nant lately called Denham Dâ—le Balâ—â— Conquest Valtort Lascells Bluet c. Out of other partes of Fraunce from places of the same names came Courtney Corby Bâ—llâ—in Crevecuer Saiâ—t-Leger Bohun Saint George Saint Andrew Chaworth Sainct Quâ—â—tiâ— Gorges Villiers Cromar Paris Reims Cressy Fines 〈◊〉 Coignac Lyons Chalons Chaloner Estampes or Stampes and many more Out of the Netherlands came the names of Levayne Gaunt Ipres Bruges Malines Odingsells Tournay Doway Buers Beke and in latter ages Dabridgecourt Robsert Mâ—â—y Grandâ—son c. From places in England and Scotland infinite likewise For every towne village or hamlet hath made names to families as Darbyshire Lancaster do not looke that I should as the Nomenclators in olde time marshall every name according to his place Essex Murray Clifford Stafford Barkley Leigh Lea Hasting Hamleton Gordon Lumley Douglas Booths Clinton Heydon Cleydon Hicham Henningham Popham Ratcliffe Markham Seaton Framingham Pagrave Cotton Cariâ— Hume Poinings Goring Prideaux Windsor Hardes Stanhope Sydenham Needehaus Dimoc Wiâ—nington Allington Dâ—cre Thaxton Whitney Willoughby Apseley Crew Kniveton Wentworth Faâ—shaw Woderington Manwood Fetherston Penrudock Tremaine Trevoire Killigrew Roscarroc Carminow and most families in Cornewall of whome I have heard this Rythme By Tre Ros Pol Lan Caer and Pen You may
when he succeeded Ochus in the kingdome of Persia called himselfe by the princely name Darius So new names were given to them which were deified by the Paganish consecration as Romulus was called Quirmus Melicertus was called Portunus and Palaemon Likewise in adoptions into better families and testament as the sonne of L. Aemilius adopted by Scipio tooke the name of Scipio Africanus So Augustus who was first named Thureon tooke the name of Octavian by testament by enfranchising also into new Citties as he which first was called Lucumo when he was infranchised at Rome tooke the name of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus So Demetrius Mega when he was there made free of the Citty was called Publius Cornelius Cicero Epist 36. lib. 13. Likewise slaves when they were manumised tooke often their masters names whenas they had but one name in their servile state As they which have read Artemidorus do know how a slave who when he dreamed he had tria virilia was made free the next morning and had three names given him Neither is it to be forgotten that men were not forbidden to change name or surname by the rescript of Dioclesian L. Vinc. c. de mutat nom so be that it were Sine aliqua fraude iure licito As that great Philosopher which was first called Malchus in the Syrian tongue tooke the name of Porphyrius as Eunapius reporteth as before Suetonius the Historian looke to surname 〈◊〉 whenas his father was Suetonius Lâ—uis Those notvvithstanding of strange base parentage were forbidden L. super 〈◊〉 c. de quaest to insert or inthrust themselves into noble and honest families by changing their names which will growe to inconvenience in England as it is thought by reason that Surnames of honourable and worshipfull families are given now to meane mens children for Christian names as it is growen nowe in Fraunce to the confusion of their Gentry by taking new names from their purchased landes at their pleasures Among the Romans nevertheles they that were called ad Equestrem ordinem having base names were new named nomine ingenuorum veterumque Romanorum lest the name should disgrace the dignitie when according to Plato comely things should have no vncomely names It was vsuall amongest the Christians in the Primitive church to change at Baptisme the names of Catechuâ—eâ—i which were in yeeres as that impious Renegado that was before called Lucius was in his Baptisme called Lucianus So the Popes vse to change their names when they enter into the Papaciâ— which as Platiâ—a saith was begunne by Pope Sergius the second who first changed his name for that his former name was Hogges-mouth but other referre the change of names in Popes to Christ who changed Simon into Peter Iohn and Iames into Bonarges Onely Marcellus not long since chosen Pope refused to chaunge his name saying Marcellus I was and Marcellus I will be I will neither change Name nor Manners Other religious men also when they entred into some Orders chaunged their name â—n times past follovving therein as they report the Apostle that chaunged his name from Saule to Paule after he entred into the Ministery borrovving as some say that name from Sergius Paulus the Roman lievtenant but as other will from his lovve stature for hee was but three cubites high as Saint Chrysostome speaking of him Tricubitalis ille tamen coelum ascendit Of changing also Christian names in Confirmation we have saide before but overpassing these forraine matters let vs say somewhat as concerning chaunge of names in England As among the French in former time and also nowe the heire tooke the fathers surname and the yonger sonnes tooke names of their landes allotted vnto them So likewise in times past did they in England and the most common alteration proceeded from place of habitation As if Hugh of Suddington gave to his second sonne his Mannour of Frydon to his third sonne his Mannour of Pantley to his fourth his Wood of Albdy the sonnes calld themsâ—lves De Frydon De Pantley De Albdy and their posteritie removed De. So Hugh Montfortes second sonne called Richard being Lord of Hatton in Warwickeshire tooke the name of Hatton So the yongest sonne of Simon de Montfort Earle of Leicester staying in England when his father was slaine and brethren fled tooke the name of Welsborne as some of that name have reported So the name of Ever came from the Mannour of Ever neere Vxbridge to yonger sonnes of L. Iohn Fitz-Robert de Clavering from whom the Lorde Evers and sir Peter Evers of Axholme are descended So sir Iohn Cradocke knight great grandfather of sir Henry Newton of Somersetshire tooke first the name of Newton which was the name of his habitation as the issue of Huddard in Cheshire tooke the name of Dutton Bnt for varietie and alteration of names in one familie vpon divers respects I will give you one Cheshire example for all out of an antient roule belonging to sir William Brerton of Brerton knight which I sawe twenty yeares since Not long after the Conquest William Bellward lord of the moietie of Malpasse had two sonnes Dan-David of Malpasse surnamed Le Clerke and Richard Dan-David had William his eldest sonne surnamed De Malpasse from whom the Baron Dudley is descended by heire generall His second sonne was named Philip Gogh one of the issue of whose eldest sonnes tooke the name of Egerton a third sonne tooke the name of David 〈◊〉 and one of his sonnes the name of Goodmâ—â— Richard the other sonne of the aforesaid William Belward had three sonnes who tooke also divers names viz. Thomas de Câ—tgrave William de Overton and Richard Little who had two sonnes the one named Ken-clarke and the other Iohn Richardson Heerein you may note alteration of names in respect of habitation in Egerton Cotgrave Overton in respect of colour in Gâ—gâ— that is Red in respect of qualitie in him that was called Goodmâ—n in respect of stature in Richard Little in respect of learning in Ken-clarke in respect of the fathers Christian name in Richardson all descending from William Bellward And verily the Gentlemen of those so different names in Cheshire would not easily be induced to beleeve they were descended from one house if it were not warranted by so antient a proofe In respect of stature I could recite to you other examples but I will onely adde this which I have read that a yong Gentleman of the house of Preux being of tall stature attending on the Lord Hungerford Lord Treasourer of England was among his fellowes called Long H who after preferred to a good marriage by his Lorde was called H. Long that name continued to his posteritie knights and men of great worship Other took their mothers surnames as A. Audley yonger brother to Iames lord Audley marrying the daughter and heire of H. de Stanley left a sonne William that tooke the name of Stanley from whome Stanley Earle of Derby aud other of that name are descended
that is The devine dew of her Kingdome Likewise out of the Greeke was this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is A Goddesse Queene Her most milde government of her subiects and Lion-like courage against her Spanish enemies was thus declared out of Elizabetha Regina Anglia ANGLIS AGNA HIBERIAE LEA. Whereas she was as a Sweepnet for the Spanish ships which as the Athenians said of their fortunate Timothye happily fell into her net this was made by transposing of Elizabeth Regina Angliae GENTI HIBERAE ILLA SAGENA In respect of her great warres exploited against that mighty Monarch this was wrought out of Elizabetha Anglorum Regina MAGNA BELLA TV â—EROINA GERIS The good government of her Maiestie was thus noted vnder the name of the flourishing Muse Thalia Elizabetha Regina BENE THALIA REGIS In this following was comprised the wish then of all true English Elizabetha Regina Anglorum GLORIA REGNI SALVA MANEBiT Have now some framed vpon the names of divers honourable personages and others lovers I hope of good letters neither let any conceive offensively if they aâ—e not here remembred I have imparted all that came to my hands Out of the name of the late right reverend the Lorde Archebishoppe of Canterbury the mirrour of Praelats in our daies was found this in respect of his milde proceedings Ioannes Whitegiftius NON VI EGIT FAVIT â—â—ESVS For the Lord Chancelor Lord Ellesmer Thomas Egerton GEST AT HONOREM Oris honore viget Vt mentis gestat honorem Iuris Egertonus dignus honore colâ— For the late Lord Treasurer a most prudent and honourable Councellor to two mightie Princes Guilielmus Cecisius Baro Burglio VIGILI CVM LABORE ILLVCES REGIBVS Regibus illuces vigili Gulielme labore Nam clarè fulget lux tua luce Dei For the Earle of Nottingham Lord Admirall Carolus Howarde CHARVS ARDVO LEO. For the Earle of Northumberland Henricus Percius HIC PVRE SINCERVS Vpon which with a relation to the Crescent or silver Moone his Cognisance was framed thus Percius HIC PVRE SINCERVS Percia Luna Candida tota micat pallet at illa pâ—lo This was made as a wish to the Earle of Shrewsbury that his name and Talbot may be as terrible to the French as it was when the French so feared his progenitour Iohn Lord Talbot first Earle of Shrewsbury of that family Gilbertâ—â— Talbottius CALLOS TV TIBI TVRBES Vt proavi preavus sic GALLOS TV TIBI TVRBES Impreses AN Imprese as the Italians call it is a devise in picture with his Motte or Word borne by noble and learned personages to notifie some particular conceit of their owne as Emblemes that we may omitte other differences doe propound some generall instruction to all As for example Wheras Cosmi Medici Doke of Florence had in the ascendent at his nativitie the signe Capricorue vnder which also Augustus and Charles the fift two great and good Princes were borne hee vsed the celeshall signe Capricorne with this Mone FIDEM FATI VIRTVTE SE QVEMVR for his Imprese particularly concerning his good hope to proove like vnto them But a faire woman pictured with an Olive crowne representing Peace carrying in one hand the horne of Plenty leading a little golden boy for Plutus in the other with EX PACE RERVM OPVLENTIA is an Embleme and a generall document to all that Peace bringeth Plentie There is required in an Imprese that wee may reduce them to few heades a correspondencie of the picture which is as the bodie and the Motte which as the soule giveth it life That is the body must be of faire representation and the word in some different language wittie short and answerable thereunto neither too obscur◠〈◊〉 too plaine and most commâ—nded when it is an Hemislich or parcell of a verse According to these prescripts neither the starres with the Moone in Tideâ—s shield in Aeschilus neither Amphiaraus dragon in Pindare neither the stemme of a shippe vsed for a seale by Pompey can have heere place Much lesse the reverses in Roman coynes which were onely historicall memorialles of their actes as that of Claudius with a plowman at plow and this COL CAMALODVN was to signifie that he made Maldon in â—ssex a Colony and that of Hadrian with an Emperour three souldiers and EXERC BRITANNICVS was in memorie of some good service by the three Legions resiant in this Isle at Yorke Chester and Car-leon vpon Vske That also of Severus with a woman sitting vppon Cliffes holding an ensigne in one hand and as it were writing vppon a shield with VICTORIA BRITANN was onely to shew his victories here Such also as are set downe in Notitia Provinciarum as a Boore seiant for Iovij a circle party per Saltier for Britanniciani a carbuncle as Blazoners terme it for Britannici c. cannot be admitted into the number of Impreses for they were the severall ensignes of severall militarie companies whereof the two last seemed to be leavied out of this Isle Childish it is to referre hither the shieldes of King Arthurs round-table Knights when they were devised as it is probable for no other end but to teach yoong men the termes of Blazon Neither are Armes to be referred hither which were devised to distinguish families and were most vsuall among the nobilitie in warres tiltes and tournaments in their coates called Coate-armours Shields Standards Banners Pennors Guydons vntill about some hundred yeeres since when the French and Italian in the expedition of Naples vnder Charles the eight beganne to leave Armes happly for that many of them had none and to beare the curtaines of their mistresses beddes their mistresses colours or these Impreses in their banners shields and caparisons in which the English have 〈…〉 and albeit a few have borrowed somewhat from them yet many have matched them and no few surpassed them in wittie conceit as you shall perceive heereafter if you will first give me leave to remember some imperfect Devises in this kinde of some former Kings of England which you may well say to be livelesse bodies for that they have no word adioyned Of King William Conquerour I have heard none neither dare as Iovius taketh the Sphinx Augustus signet for an Imprese so set downe our Conquerours seale which had his owne picture on horsebacke with these verses to notifie his Dominions Hoc Normannorum Willelmum nosce patronum On the other side Hoc Anglis Regem signo fatearis eundem As a King of Sicile had about that time this Apulus Calaber Siculus mihi servit Afer Stephen of Bloys the Vsâ—â—per tooke the signe Sagutarius for that hee obtained this kingdome when the Sunne was in the saide signe King Henry the second grievously molested by the disobedience of his foure sonnes who entred into actuall rebellion against him caused to be painted in his great Chamber at his pallace in Winchester an Eagle with foure yong chickens whereof three pecked and scratched him the fourth picked
to stumble with one foot that he almost kissed the ground but with the other legge he recovered himselfe and saved the wine whereat his father Godwyn Earle of Kent who then dined with the King smiling saâ—d Now one brother did helpe another At this word although spoken proverbially the Kings blood beganne to rise thinking how shamefully they had murdered his brother Alfrede and angerly answered And so might my brother have beene a helpe to me if it had pleased you VitaS Edwards The same king Edward passing out of this life commended his wise to the Nobilitie and said That she had carried her selfe as his wife abroad but as his sister or daughter at home Afterward seeing such as were present weeping and lamenting for him he said If you loved me you would for beare weeping and reioyce because I go to my father with whom I shall receive the ioyes promised to the faithfull not through my merits but by the free mercy of my Saviour which sheweth mercy on whom he pleaseth Eilredus Rivallensis Sywarde the martiall Earle of Northumberland feeling in his sicknes that he drew towards his end arose out of his bed and put on hiâ— Armour saying That it became not a valiant man to die lying like a beast and so he gave vp the Ghost standing As valiantly both spoken and performed as it was by Vespasian When the said Siward vnderstood that his sonne whom he had sent in service against the Scottishmen was staine he demaunded whether his wound were in fore part or hinder paâ—t of his body when it was answered in the fore part he replied I am right glad neither wish any other death to me or mine Hen. Huntâ—ngdon In this age when a Bishop living loosely was charged that his conversation was not according to the Apostles lives he made a mocke at it and excusâ—d himselfe with this verse which was after taken vp for a common excuse in that behalfe Nunc aliud tempus aâ—â—j pro tempere mâ—res Anonymus When the fatall period of the Saxon Empire was now complete and battells were marshalled betweene William Duke of Normandy and Harold King of England Girthe Haroldes yonger brother not holding it best to hazard the kingdome of England at one cast signified to the King that the succâ—sse of warre was doubtfull that victory was swayed rather by fortune than by valour that advised delay was most important in Martiall affaires and if so bee brother said he You have plighted your faith to the Duke retyre your selfe for no force can serve against a mans owne conscience God will revenge the violation of an â—the You may reserve your selfe to give them a new encounter which will be more to their terrour As for me if you will commit the charge to me I will performe both the part of a kinde brother and a couragious Leader For being cleare in conscience I shall sell my life or discomfit your enemy with more felicitie But the King not liking his speech answered I will never turne my backe with dishonour to the Norman neither can I in any sort disgest the reproach of a base minde Wel then be it so said some discontented of the company let him beare the brunt that hath given the occasion Anonymus VVIlliam Conquerour when he invaded this Iland chanced at his arrivall to be graveled and one of his feete stacke so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground Wherewithall one of his attendants caught him by the arme and helped him vp saying Stand vp my â—iege Lord and be of good cheare for now you have taken fast footing in England and then espying that he brought vp sand and earth in his hand added Yea and you have taken livery and seisin of the Country For you know that in delivering of livery and seisin a peece of the earth is taken Hist Normanica A Wizard or a Wise-man as they then called them had fore-told William that he should safely arrive an England with his whole Armie without any impeachment of Harold the which after it came it passe the King sent for the Wizard to conferre further with him But when it was told him that he was drowned in that ship which onely of all the whole fleete miscarried The Conquerour said He would never make account of that science that profited more the ignorant then the skilfull therein for he could fore-see my good fortune but not his owne mishap Idem That morning that he was to ioyne battell with Harold his atmorer put on his backe-peece before and his breast-plate behinde the which being espied by some that stood by was taken on them for an ill token and therefore advised him not to fight that day to whom the Duke answered I force not of such fooleries but if I have any skill 〈◊〉 South-saying as in sooth I have none it doth prognosticate that I shall change copie from a Duke to a King Idem Magike in the time of Nerâ— was discovered to be but a vanitie in the declining state of the Roman Empire accounted by the Gentiles a verity in the time of Hildebrand if we beleeve Authors so approoved that it was commonly practised For as in the time of Valeâ—s divers curious men as hath beene said by the falling of a ring Magically prepared vpon the letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 iudged that one Theodorus should succeede in the Empire when indeede Theodosius did So when Hildebrand was Pope by like curiosities it was found that Odo should succcede Wherevppon Odo Earle of Kent and Bishop of Bayeux brother to king William the Conquerour devoured the Papacy in hope sent mony his perswading messengers to Rome perchased a pallace there and prepared thitherward when king William for his presumption and other his misdemenours staied him and committed him saying Offensive foole-hardines must be timely restrained Liber Cadomensis When the same Odâ— who was both Bishop of Baiâ—ux in Normandy and Earle of Kent in former time had so disloyally carried himselfe against king William the Conquerour that he complained of him to his Lords Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury advised the King to commit him But what say youâ— quoth the King whenas he is a Clergyman You may not saide he commit the Bishop of Baieux but you may well 〈◊〉 the Earle of Kent W Malmsbur Like vnto this was that distinction of Piramus Secretary to Charles the fift in late yeares when Pope Iulius the second did combine with the French king against the Emperour of the Popes honesty and Iulius dishonesty This King William by reason of sickenes kept his chamber a long time whereat the French King scoffing saide The King of England heth long in childe-bed Which when it was reported vnto King William hee aunswered When I am churched there shal be a thousand lights in France alluding to the lights that women vsed to beare when they were churched and that hee performed within few dayes after wasting the French frontires with fire and sword The
backe vnto his flocke Whereuppon the King sent vnto the Pope the armour that he was taken in and willed his Ambassadour to vse the words of Iacobs sonnes vnto their father when they had solde away their brother Ioseph Hanc invenimus vide vtrum tunica filij tui sit an 〈◊〉 This wee found see whether it be the coate of thy sonne or no. Nay quoth the Pope it is not the coate of my sonne nor of my brother but some impe of Mars and let him procure his deliverie of he will for I wil be no meane for him When the French king and king Richard the first beganne to parlee of peace his brother Iohn who had falsely and vnnaturally revolted vnto the French king fearing himselfe came in of his owne accord and suppliantly besought Richard brotherly to pardon his manifolde offences that he had vnbrotherly committed against him hee rehersed the straight league of brotherly piety he recounted the many merits of his brother he bewailed with teares that hitherto he had beene vnmindefull of them as an vnnaturall and vnthankefull person Finally that hee dooth live and shall live hee dooth acknowledge that hee hath received it at his handes The king being mollified with this humble submission saide God graunt that I may as easily forget your offences as you may remember wherein you have offended IN the wofull warres with the Barons when king Iohn was viewing of the Castle of Rochester held against him by the Earle of Arundel he was espied by a very good Arcubalister who tolde the Earle thereof and saide that hee would soone dispatch the cruell tyrant if he would but say the word God forbid vile varlet quoth the Earle that we should procure the death of the holy one of God What saide the souldier he would not spare you if hee had you at the like advantage No matter for that quoth the Earle Gods good wil be done and be wil dispose and not the King Math Paris When one about him shewed him where a noble man that had rebelliously borne armes against him lay verie honourably intoombed and advised the king to deface the monument he said No no but I would al the rest of mine enemies were as honourably buried Idem When diverse Greekes came hither and offered to proove that there were cettaine â—rrours in the Church of England at that time hee reiected them saying I will not suffer our faith established to be called in question with doubtful disputations Fragm antiquum aeditum à P. Pithaeo Yet when the saide king Iohn sawe a fatie Bucke haunched he saide to the standers by See how faire and fatte this Buâ—ke is and yet hee never heard Masse all his life long But this may be forged to his disgrace by the envious Math. Paris IN a solemne conference betweene king Henry the third of England and Saint Lewes king of France the onely devout kings of that age when the French king saide He had rather heare Sermons than heare Masses Our king replied which some will smile at now but according to the learning of that time That he had rather see his loving friend meaning the reall presence in the Sacrament than to heare never so much good of him by others in sermons This I note because it was then thought facetious which I doubt not but some wil now condemne as superstitious Gâ—â—l Rishanger Pecham that Opticall Archbishop of Canterbury who writte Perspectiva Communis when Pope Gregorie the tenth who had created him Archbishop commaunded him to pay foure thousand markes within foure moneths vnder paine of excommunication hee that came vnto the See then deepely indebted saide Beholde you have created me and as a creature doth desire to be perfected by his creator so I doe in my oppressions flie vnto your Holmesse to be recreated Archiep. Cantuar. Sewall Archbishop of Yorke much agrieved with some practises of the Popes collectors in England tooke all patiently and saide I will not with Chaâ— discover the nakednes of my father but cover and conceale it with Sem. As Constantine the Great saide that hee would cover the faults of Bishops and Fathers of the Church with his Imperiall robe Mat. Paris Pope Innocentius the fourth when he offered the kingdome of Sicil and Naples to Richard Earle of Cornewall with many impossible conditions You might as well say de the Earles Agent at Rome say to my Lord and Maister I sell or give you the Moone climbe vp catch is and take it Anonymus qui incipit Rex Pictorum Alexander successor to Innocentius sent vnto the saide Earle Richard to borrow a great masse of money but the Earle answered I wil not lend to my superior uppon whome I cannot distraine for the debts This Richard is reported by the saide Author to have had so great treasure that hee was able to dispend for tenne yeeres an hundred markes a day which according to the Standard of that time was no small summe Idem In the raigne of king Henry a Bishop of London stoâ—â—ly withstoode the Popes Nunciâ— that would have levied exactions of the Cleargie Whereupon the Nâ—â—ciâ— complained vnto the king who shortly menaced the Bishop and tolde him he would cause the Pope to plucke his peacockes toile but the Bishop boldely answered the King that the Pope and he being too strong for him might bereave him of his bishoprick by might but never by right and that although they tooke away his Mitre yet they would leave him his Helmet Lib. Cantuar. Wicked rather than wittie is that of a Deane high treasurer of England that had demeaned himselfe so well in his office that when he died he made this wicked will I bequeathe all my goodes and possessions vnto my liege Lords the King my body to the earth and my soule to the divell Idem VVHen Edward the first heard of the death of his onely sonne hee tooke it grievously as a father but patiently as a wise man But when hee vnderstoode shortely after of the departure of his father king Henry the third he was wholy deiected and comfortlesses whereat when Charles king of Sicile with whome he then soiourned in his returne from the holy land greatly marvelled He satisfied him with this God may send more sonnes but the death of a father is irrecoverable Waâ—singham This is that king Edward the first who as in lineaments of body he surpassed all his people being like Saul higher than any of them so in prudence conioyned with valour and industry he excelled all our Princes giving ther by sure ankerholde to the governement of this realme waving vp and downe before most vncertainely Which hee effected not so much by establishing good lawes as by giving life vnto his lawes by due execution And as my Author saith Iudices potissimùm iudicans quos constituit indices aliorum Who addeth also this of him Nemâ— in consilijs illo argutior in eloquâ—â— torrentiâ—r in periculis socurior in prosperis â—â—utiâ—r in adversis
of Bergeuenny and of many other great Lordships whose body resteth here vnder this tombe in a full faire vaulte of stone set in the bare roche The which visited with long sicknesse in the castle of Rohan therein deceased full Christianly the last day of Aprill in the yeare of our Lord God 1439. he being at that time Lieutenant generall of France and of the Duchie of Normandie by sufficient authoritie of our Soueraigne Lord King Henry the sixt The which body by great deliberation and worshipfull conduct by sea and by land was brought to Warwicke the fourth of October the yeare abouâ—said and was laid with full solemne exequies in a faire Chest made of Stone in the West dore of this Chappell according to his last Will and Testament therein to rest till this Chappell by him deuised in his life were made the which Chappell founded on the Roche and all the members therof his executors did fully make apparail by the auctority of his said last Will Testament And therafter by the said auctoritie they did translate worshipfully the said body into the vaulte aforesaid Honoured be God therefore His sister the Countesse of Shrewsbury was buried in Saint Faithes vnder S. Paules at London with this Here before the image of Ihesu lyeth the Worshipfull and right noble Lady Margaret Countesse of Shrouseburie late wife of the true victorious Knight redoubted Warriour Iohn Talbot Earle of Shrousebury which worshipfully died in Gien for the right of this lond the first daughter and one of the heires of the right famous and renowned Knight Richard Beauchampe late Erle of Warwicke which died in Roane and of dame Elizabeth his wife the which Elizabeth was daughter and heire to Thomas late Lord Berkely on his syd and of 〈◊〉 moders side Lady Lisle and Ties which Countesse passed from this world the xiiii day of Iune the yeare of our Lord 1468. On whose soule the Lord haue mercy For that valerous Earle her husband the terror of France I found no Epitaph but insteed thereof I will giue you â—o vnderstand that not long since his sworde was found in the riuer of Dordon and solde by a pesant to an Armorour of Burdeaux with this inscription but pardon the Latin for it was not his but his Camping priests SVM TALBOTI M. IIII.C.XLIII PRO VINCERE INIMICO MEO This inscription following is in the Cathedrall Church at Roan in Normandie for Iohn Duke of Bedford and Gouernour of Normandie Sonne to King Henry the fourth buried in a faire plaine monument which when a French Gentleman aduised Charles the eight French King to deface as being a monument of the English victories he said Let him rest in peace now he is dead whom we feared while he liued Cy gist feu de noble memoire haut puissant prince Iean en son viuant regent du Royaume de France Duc de Bethfort pour lequel est fondè vne Messe estre par chacun iour perpetuellement celebrâ—e en cest autel par le college des Clementins incontineâ—â— apres prime trespassa le 13. Septembre 1435. Au quel 13. iour semblablement est fondè poâ—r luy vn obït en ceste eglise Dieu face pardon à soname Vpon an auncient Knight Sir Iernegan buried Crosse-legd in Somerly in Suffolke some hundred yeares since is written Iesus Christ both God and man Saue thy seruant Iernegan Happy prudent K. Henry the 7. who stopped the streames of ciuill bloud which so long ouer-flowed England left a most peaceable state to his posteritie hath his magnificall monument at Westminster inscribed thus Septimus hic situs est Henricus gloria regum Cunctorum illius qui tempestate fuerunt Ingenio atque opibus gestarum nomine rerum Accessere quibus naturae dona benignae Frontis honos facies augusta heroica forma Iunctaque ei suauis coniunx perpulchra pudica Et faecunda fuit foelices prole parentes Henricum quibus octauum terra Anglia debes Hic iacet Henricus huius nominis VII Angliae quondam rex Edmundi Richmundiae Comitis filius qui die 22. Aug. Rex creatus statim post apud Westmonasterium 30. Octob. coronatur anno Domini 1485. moritur deinde xxi April anno aetatis Liii Regnauit annos xxii mens viii minùs vno die This following I will note out of Hackney Church that you may see that the Clergie were not alwaies anticipating and griping many liuings by this worthy man which relinquished great dignities and refused greater Christopherus Vrswicus Regis Henrici Septimi Elemozinaerius vir sua aetate clarus summatibus atque infimatibus iuxtà charus Ad exteros reges vndecies pro patria legatus DecanatuÌ„ Eboracensem Archidiaconatum Richmundiae DecanatuÌ„ Windsoriae habitos viuens reliquit EpiscopatuÌ„ Norwicensem oblatum recusauit Magnos honores totâ vita spreuâ—t frugali vita contentus hic viuere hic mori voluit Plenus annoruÌ„ obiâ—â— ab omnibus desideratus Funeris pompam etiam testamento vetuit Hic sepultus carnis resurrectionem in aduentum Christi expectat Obijt anno Christi incarnati 1521. Die 23. Martij Anno aetatis suae 74. This testamentarie Epitaph I haue read in an ould Manuscript Terram terra tegit Daemon peccata resumat Res habeat Mundus spiritus alta petat The name of the defunct is as it were enigmatically expressed in this ould epitaph Bis fuit hic natus puer bis bis iuuenisque Bis vir bisque senex bis doctor bisque sacerdos In the Cathedrall church of S. Pauls in London a stone is inscribed thus without name Non hominem aspiciam vltra OBLIVIO This man yet would not willingly haue bene forgotten when he adioyned his Armes to continue his memorye not vnlike to Philosophers which prefixde their names before their Treatises of contemning glorie Another likewise suppressing his name for his Epitaph did set downe this goodly admonition Looke man before thee how thy death hasteth Looke man behind thee how thy life wasteth Looke on thy right side how death thee desireth Looke on thy left side how sinne thee beguileth Looke man aboue thee ioyes that euer shall last Looke man beneth thee the paines without rest The Abott of S. Albanes which lieth buried there in the high Quire suppressed his name as modestly as any other in this Hic quidam terra tegitur Peccato soluens debitum Cuius nomen non impositum In libro vitae sit inscriptum In the Cloister on the north side of S. Pauls now ruinated one had this inscription vpon his Graue without name VIXI PECCAVI PAENITVI NATVRAE CESSI Which is as Christian as that was prophane of the Romane AMICI DVM VIVIMVS Vâ—VAMVS Queene Iane who died in Child birth of King Edward the sixt and vsed for her deuice a Phaenix has this therevnto alluding for her Epitaph Phenix Iana iacet nato Phaenice doendum Secula Phaenices nulla tulisse duos The noble
English compound word call Grandfather they called Eald-fader whom we call Great Grandfather they called Thirdafader So Proavus which we call Great Great Grandfather they called Fortha-fader as Abavus Fiftha-fader An Eunuch for whome we have no name but from the Greekes they could aptly name Vnstana that is without stones as we vse Vnspotted for without spotte Vnlearned for without learning A Covetous man whome we so call of the French Convoitise they truely called Git-sor as a fore eagre Getter and Gatherer That which the Latines call Abortus and wee in many wordes Vntimely Birth or Borne before the full time they called Miss-borne A Porter which wee have received from the French they could in their own word as significatively call A Doreward I could particulate in many more but this woulde appeare most plentifully if the labours of the learned Gentlemen Maister Laurence Nowell of Lincolnes Inne who first in our time recalled the studie heereof Maister William Lambert Maister I Ioscelin Maister Fr Tate were once published Otherwise it is to bee feared that devouring Time in few yeeres will vtterly swallow it without hope of recoverie The alteration and innovation in our tongue as in all others hath beene brought in by entrance of Strangers as Danes Normans and others which have swarmed hither by trafficke for new words as well as for new wares have alwaies come in by the tyranne Time which altereth all vnder heaven by Vse which swayeth most and hath an absolute command in words and by Pregnant wits specially since that learning after long banishment was recalled in the time of King Henry the eight it hath beene beautified and enriched out of other good tongues partly by enfranchising and endenizing strange words partly by refining and mollifying olde words partly by implanting new wordes with artificiall composition happily containing themselves within the bounds prescribed by Horace So that our long is and I doubt not but hath beene as copious pithie and significative as any other tongue in Europe and I hope we are not yet and shall not heereafter come to that which Seneca saw in his time When mens mindes beginne once to iniure themselves to dislike whatsoever is vsuall is disdained They affect noveltie in speech they recall forworne and vncuth words they forge new phrases and that which is newest is best liked there is presumptuous and farre fetching of words And some there are which thinke it a grace if their speech doe hover and thereby hold the hearer in suspence you know what followeth Omitting this pardon me and thinke me not overballanced with affection if I thinke that our English tongue is I will not say as sacred as the Hebrew or as learned as the Greeke but as fluent as the Latine as courteous as the Spanish as courtlike as the French and as amorous as the Italian as some Italianated amorous have confessed Neither hath any thing detracted more from the dignitie of our tongue than our owne affection of forraine tongues by admiring praising and studying them above measure whereas the wise Romans thought no small part of their honour to consist in the honour of their language esteeming it a dishonour to answer any forraine in his owne language As for a long time the English placed in the Borrough townes of Ireland and Wales would admit neither Irish nor Welsh among them And not long since for the honour of our native tongue Henry Fitz-Allan Earle of Arundell in his travaile into Italie and the Lord William Howard of Effingham in his government of Calice albeit they were not ignorant of other forraine tongues would answer no strangers by word or writing but onely in English As in this consideration also before them Cardinall Wolsey in his ambassage into France commaunded all his servaunts to vse no French but meere English to the French in all communication whatsoever As for the Monosyllables so rife in our tongue which were not so originally although they are vnfitting for verses and measures yet are they most fit for expressing briefly the first conceipts of the minde or Intentionalia as they call them in schooles so that we can set downe more matter in fewer lines than any other language Neither do we or the Welsh so curtall Latine that we make all therein Monosyllables as Ioseph Scaliger chargeth vs who in the meane time forgetteth that his Frenchmen have put in their Proviso in the edict of Pacification in the Grammaticall warre that they might not pronounce Latine distinctly as the English common Lawyers obtained then a Reservation that they might write false Latine and the Irish not to observe quantitie of syllables I cannot yet but confesse that we have corruptly contracted most names both of men and places if they were of more then two sillables and thereby hath ensued no little obscuritie Whereas our tongue is mixed it is no disgrace wheâ—â—as all the tongues of Europe doe participate interchangeably the one of the other and in the learned tongues there hath been like borrowing one from another Yet is it false which Gesner affirmeth that our tongue is the most mixt and corrupt of all other For if it may please any to compare but the Lords Prayer in other languages he shall finde as few Latine and borrowed forraine words in ours as in any other whatsoever Notwithstanding the diversiue of Nations which have swarmed hither and the practise of the Normans who as a monument of their Conquest would have yoaked the English vnder their tongue as they did vnder their command by compelling them to teach their children in schooles nothing but French by setting downe their lawes in the Norman-French and enforcing them most rigorously to pleade and to be impleaded in that tongue onely for the space of three hundred yeares vntill K. Edward the third enlarged them first from that bondage Since which time our language hath risen by little and the proverbe proved vntrue which so long had beene vsed Iacke would be a gentleman if he could speake any French Heerein is a notable argument of our Ancestors stedfastnes in esteeming and retaining their owne tongue For as before the Conquest they misliked nothing more in K. Edward the Confessor than that he was Frenchified accounted the desire of forraine language then to be a foretoken of the bringing in of forraine powers which indeede happened In like manner after the Conquest notwithstanding those enforcements of the Normans in supplanting it and the nature of men which is most pliable with a curious iolitie to fashion frame themselves according to the manners attyre and language of the Conquerours Yet in all that long space of 300. yeares they intermingled very few French-Norman words except some termes of law hunting hawking and dicing whenas wee within these 60. yeares have incorporated so many Latine and French as the third part of our tongue consisteth now in them But like themselves continue still those old Englishmen which were
Helpe shippe as Saylers in that age were called Botescarles In parte it is answereable to the Greeke names Nauplins Naumachius c. BRIAN Fre. written in old bookes Briant and Brient Shrill voyce as among the Romans Voconins Nicotius BALTHASAR heb Searcher of Treasure or without treasure C CALER Heb. Hearty Philo. CALISTHENES Gre. Beautifull strong CARADOC Bri. Deerely beloved Quaere CEASAR This came a late to be a Christian name among vs. Spartianus saith it was first given for killing of an Elephant which in the Moores language is called Caesar or that he was cut out of his mothers woombe or borne with a bush of haire or grey eyes Such variety of opinions is concerning a name which as he saith Cum â—ternitate mundi duraturâ—â—â— CHARLES Germ. according to I. Du Tillet from Carl that is strong stowt couragious and valiant as Virius Valerius Valeus c. with the Romans Craterus c. with the Greekes not from the Greeke Charilans which signifieth Publicola the Claw-backe of the people The Hungarians call a king by a generall name Carl Aventinus And Carl is onely in the coines of Carolus Magnus Ful. Scaliger makes Caellman Carlman answerable to the Greeke Andreas CHRISTOPHER Gre. Christe-carrier a name as learned men thinke devised and a picture thereunto mystically applied as a representation of the dueties of a true Christian and was as their Nosce teipsum Of such mystical Symboles of the Primitive Christians See Ioseph Scaliger ad Freherum CHRYSOSTOME gre Golden-mouth CLEMENS lat Meeke Milde and Gentle CONSTANTIN Lat Fast or Firme for which in some partes of the realme we vse Custance CONRAD germ Able-counsell or Advised valour as Iulius Scaliger will Exercitat 256. But heere is to be noted that Rad Red and Rod signifie counsell and advise Luther Alfricus Killian and differ onely in Dialect as Stan Sten Stone And this appeereth by that which the Northerne men cried when they killed Walter bishop of Duresme Short Rad good Rade quell yee the Bishop that is Short councell Good councell c. M. Paris CORNELIVS Lat All drawe it from Cornis an horne CVTHBERT Sax. Not Cut-beard as some fable but famous bright and cleare skill or knowledge according to the olde verse Quique gerit certum Cuthbert de luce vocamen No man doubteth but Cuth signified knowledge as vncuth vnknowne So Cuthwin skilfull victor Cuthred skilfull in counsell CYPRIAN gre from Cypria a name of Venus so named of the Isle of Cyprus where she was especially honoured CADVVALLADER Brit A warrelike name deduced from Cad that is Battaile as it seemeth but I referre it to the learned Britans CRESCENS Lat Increasing D DANIEL Hebr. Iudgement of God DAVID Hebr. Beloved DEMETRIVS Ger. belonging to Ceres DENIS Gr. for Dronisius which some fetch from Dios nous s. divine mind It is one of the names of the drunkard Bacehus derived by Nonnus in his Dionysiacis from Iupiter his lame leg for Nises signifieth saith he lame in the Syrian tongue and we will imagine that Iupiter halted when Bacehus was enseamed in his thigh But Saint Denis of Fraunce hath most graced this name DRV in Lat Drugo or Drâ—gâ— Subtile as Callidius in Latin if it come from the Saxon or German but if it bee French Lively and Lustie Ni cetius DVNSTAN Sax. One that writeth S. Dunstans life saith the name is answerable to Aaronâ—s Mountaine of fortitude That Dun with the old English signified a mountain or high hill is apparant that they called mountaine man Dunlettan and Downe continueth in the like sence with vs. Others suppose it to signifie Most high as among our Ancestors Leofstan signified Most beleved Betstan Best of al Fridstan most peacefull c. Stan being the most vsuall termination of the Superlative degree E EADGAR Sax for Eadigâ—ar Happy or blessed honor or power for I find it interpreted in an old history Faelix potestas The last verse of Ethelwardus historie seemeth to proove the same and Eadigi for the which Ead was vsed in composition is the word in the c. of saint Math. in the English Saxon testament so ofteÌ„â—terated for Blessed in the Beatitudes That Ear or Ar signifie Honor it appeareth in the Saxon lawes and in Ionas Turson Danish Vocabulary as Artic Earlic Honourable And from honor commeth our honourable name of Earles which came hither with the Danes as may be gathered out of Ethetwerdus EDMVND Sax. for Eadmund Happy or blessed peace Our Lawyers yet doe acknowledge Muna for Peace in their word Mundbzeck for breach of Peace So Aelmund all peace Kinmund Peace to his kinred Ethelmund noble peace yet I know that some translate Mund by Mouth as Pharamund True Mouth EADVLPH Sax. Happy helpe EADVVIN Happy victor EDVVARD in Sax. coins Eadward happy keeper The Christian humilitie of King Edward the Confessor broght such a credit to this name that since that time it hath beene most vsuall in all estates That Ward signifieth a Keeper is apparant by Wood ward Mill-wara c. EALDRED Sax. All reverent feare EALRED Sax All Councell EBVLO See Thell EGBERT or rather Ecbert Sax. Alwaies bright famous for ever as the olde English called Everlasting life Ec-life ELLIS Heb. corruptly for Elias Lord God ELMER Sax. Contracted from Ethelmer Noble and renowened For Willeranus translateth 〈◊〉 by Celebris and Famosus So Merwin renowmed Victor Merwald renowmed Governour Yet I know B. 〈◊〉 turneth Mier Mere by Governor Cap. vlt. Rer. Ger. EMANVEL Heb. God with vs. EMERY See Amery ENION Brit. From Aenâ—â—s as some thinke but the British Glossarie translateth it Iustus .i. Iust and vpright ENGELBERT Germ. Bright Angell ERASMVS Gr. Amiable or to be beloved ERCHENBALD Ger. Powerfull bold and speedie learner or observer Dasypodius ERNEST Germ. in Casar Ariovistus Severe Aâ—entinus in the 〈◊〉 sence we still retaine it ESAY Heb. Reward of the Lord. ETHELBERT or Edlebert Noble bright or nobly renowmed for Ethel or Adel signifie in Germany Noble From whence happily Athalric King of the Gothes had his name From hence it was that the heires apparant of the Crowne of England were surnamed Etheling .i. Noble borne and Clito .i. Inclitus as in the declining estate of the Roman Empire the heires of Emperours were called Nobilisssimi hence also the Spaniards which discended from the German Gothes may seeme to have partly borrowed their Idal-guie by which word they signifie their noblest gentlemen ETHELRED Sax. Noble advise and Councell ETHELARD Sax. For which we now vse Adelard Noble disposition Eâ—HELâ—â—AN Sax. Noble jewell 〈…〉 or most noble ETHELVVARD Sax. Now Aeâ—ward Noble Keeper ETHELVVOLD Sax. Noble Governour for the old booke of S. Augustines in Canterbury Wileranus and Luther do agree that Wold Wald doth signifie Praefectus a Governour So Bertwold and Brightwold Famous Governour Kinwald Governour of his kinred ETHELVVOLPH Sax. Noble helper EVERARD ger Wel reported as Gesnerus writeth like to Eudoxus
and was but Herrâ—â— reversed Aventinus turneth it Treasure of the kingdome See Aubry ROBERT Germ. Famous in Councell for it is written most anciently Rodbert Rod Red and Rod do signifie councell See Conrad and Albert This name was given to Rollo first Duke of Normandy an originall Ancestour of the Kings of England who was called first by the Normans and French Rou wherevnto some without ground thinke that Bert was added so that it should signifie Rou the renowmed Others vntruly turne it Red-â—eard as thogh it were al one with Aenobarbus of the Latines or Barbarossa of the Italians Iohn Bodin or Pudding that I may give him his true English name maketh it full wisely Red-bara but I thinke no Robert which knoweth what Bardus meaneth will like of it ROGER Ger. Ruger Quiet the same with Tranquilles in Latine Frodoard writeth it alwaies Rottgarius or Rodgarus so it seemeth to signifie All councell or strong councell ROLLAND Ger. Whereas it was anciently written Rod land it may seem to signifie Councell for the Land And the first that I finde so named was land-wardeÌ„ in France vnder Carolus Magnâ—s against the Piracies of the Normans The Italians vse Orland for Rowland by Metathesis ROMANE Lat. Strong from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 answerable to Valens RVBEN Heb. The sonne of visions or a quick-seeing sonne Philo. REINFRED Sax. Pure peace S SALOMON hebr Peaceabiâ— SAMPSON hebr There the second 〈◊〉 SAMVâ—L hebr Place of God SAVLE Hebr Lent of the Lord or â—â— some will Fox Sâ—â—ASTIAN gre Honorable or 〈◊〉 as Augustus or Augustinus among the Romans SIGâ—SMVND germ Victoâ—â—â—â— peace 〈◊〉 victory with peace That Sig signifieth Victorie Aâ—frie Dasâ—podius and Luther do all agree yet Hadr 〈◊〉 turneth it Victorious or prevailing speech So Sigward now Seward victorious preserver Sighâ—m victorious defence Sighere Conqueror of an army or victorious Lord and Sigbert now Sebright victorious fame or fame by victory SILVESTER Iat Woodman SYLVANVS Lat Woodman or rather Wood-god See Walter SIMON Hebr Obedientlistening Philâ— STEPHEN gre A Crowne SVVITHIN Sax From the olde English Switheaâ—n that is Very high as Ceâ—â—â—s or Exâ—periuâ— with the Romans This name hath bin taken vp in honour of Saint Swithin the holie Bishop of Wâ—nchester about the yâ—â—re 860. and called the Weeping saint 〈◊〉 for that about his feast Praesepe and Aselli 〈◊〉 constellanons do 〈◊〉 Cosmicâ—â—y and commonly cause raine T THEOBALD â—â—mmonly Tibald and Thibald Gods power as B Rhenanius noteth But certaine it is that in our Saxon Psalter Gentes is alwayes translated by Theod and in the English-Saxon old Annales the English nation is often called Englâ—-thâ—â—d The same Lipsâ—â—â— in Poliâ—â—ceticis affirmeth to be in the auntient German Psalters So that Theobald seemeth in his opinion to signifie Powerfull or bolde over people It was the common name in the familie of the Gorges and of the Lord Verdons of whom the Earles of Shrâ—wsburie and Essex are descended THEODORE gre Gods gift now corruptly by the Welsh-Britans called Tydder THEODOSIVS gre the same with Theodore THEODERIC ger contractly Deric and Torry with the French Powerable or Rich in people according to Lipsius THEOPHILVS gre A lover of God THOMAS hebr Bottomles deepe or Twinne TIMOTHY gre from Timotheus Honouâ—ing God TOBIAS hebr The Lord is good TRISTRAM I knowe not whether the first of this name was christned by king Arthurs fablâ—r If it be the same which the French â—all Tristâ—â— it commeth from sorrow for P. Aemiâ—ius noteth that the sonne of Saint Lewes of Francâ— horne in the heavie sorrowfull time of his fathers imprisonment vnder the Saracens was named Tristan in the same respect TVRSTAN Sax for Trustan most true and trustie as it seemeth V VALENS Lat Puissant VALENTINE Lat The same VCHTRED ger High counsell vsed in the old family of Raby From whence the Nevilles VINCENT Lat Victorious VITAL Lat Hee that may live a long life like to Macrobius or Lively the same that Zosimus in Greeke VIVIAN Lat the same VRBANVS Lat Curteous civill VRIAN The same with George as I have heard of some learned Danes It hath beene a common name in the family of Saint Pier of Chesshire now extinguished W VVALTER ger from Waldher for so it is most auntiently written a Pilgrime according to Reneccius other make it a Wod-Lorde or a Wood-man aunswerable to the name of Silvius Silvanus or Sylvester The old English called a wood Wald and an hermite living in the woods a Waldbroâ—der But if I may cast in my conceit I take it to be Herwald inverted as Herric and Richer Winbald and Baldwin And so it signifieth Governour or Generall of an Armâ—e as Hegesistratus See Herman and Harold WALVVIN Some have interpreted out of the German tongue a Conquerour as Nicholaus and Nicodemus Victor in Latine but wee now vse Gawen insteede of Walwyn Architrenius maketh it Walganus in Latine But if Walwin was a Britan and king Arthurs nephew as W Malmesbury noteth where hee speaketh of his giant-like bones found in Wales I referre the signification to the Britans WARIN Iovianus libr. 1. de Aspiratione draweth it from â—â—rro But whereas it is written in all Records Guarinus It may seeme mollified from the Dutch Gerwm that is All-victorious See Gertrud WILLIAM ge For sweeter sound drawne from Wilhelm which is interpreted by Luther Much Defence or Defence to many as Wilwald Ruling many Wildred Much reverent feare or Awfull Wilfred Much peace Willibert Much brightnesse or Very bright Willibrod Much increase So the French that cannot pronounce W have turnd it into Philli as Phillibert for Willibert Much brightnes Many names wherein wee have Will seeme translated from the Greeke names composed of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Polydamas Polybius Polyxenus c. Helm yet remaineth with vs and Villi Willi and Bills yet with the Germans for Many Other turne William a Willing Defender and so it answereth the Roman Titus if it come from Tuendo as some will have it The Italians that liked the name but could not pronounce the W if wee may beleeve Gesner turned it into Galeazo retaining the sence in part for Helme But the Italians report that Galeazo the first Viscount of Millâ—â—â—â— was so called for that many Cockes crew lustily at his birth This name hath beene most common in England since king William the Conqueror insomuch that vppon a festivall day in the Court of king Henry the second when Sir William Saint-Iohn and Sir William Fitz-Hamon especiall Officers had commaunded that none but of the name of William should dâ—â—e in the great Chamber with them they were accompanied with an hundred and twentie Williams all Knights as Robert Moutensis recordeth Anno 1173. WILLFRED Sax Much peace WIMVND Sax Sacred peace or holy peace as Wibert Holy and Bright for Wi in Willeramus is translated Sacer. WISCHARD or GVIâ—CARD Norm Wilie and crafty shifter W Gemiticensis Falcandus the Italian interpreteth it
Pace had a sonne at his circumcision named Haly hee would be called Aven Pace concealing Haly but his sonne howsoever hee were named would be called Aven-Haly c. So Surnames passing from father to sonne and coÌ„tinuing to their issue was not antiently in vse among any people in the world Yet to these single Names were adioyned oftentimes other names as Cognomina or Sobriquetts as the French call them and By-names or Nicke-names as we terme them if that word be indifferent to good and bad which still did die with the bearer and never descended to posteritie That we may not exemplifie in other nations which would afforde great plenty but in our own King Eadgar was called the Peaceable king Ethelred the Vnreadie king Edmund for his Valour Iron-side king Harold the Hare-foote Eadric the Streona that is the Getter or Streiner Siward the Degera that is the Valiant King William the first Bastard king William the second Rouse that is the Red king Henry the first Beauclarke that is Fine Scholler so in the house of Aniou which obtained the Crowne of England Geffrey the first Earle of Aniou was surnamed Grisogonel that is Grey-cloake Fulco his sonne Nerra his grand-childe Rechiâ— for his extortion Againe his grand-childe Plantagenet for that he ware commonly a broome-stalke in his bonnet His sonne Henry the second king of England Fitz-Empresse because his mother was Empresse his sonne king Richard had for surname Corde-Lion for his lion-like courage as Iohn was called Sans-terre that is Without land So that wheras these names were never taken vp by the sonne I knowe not why any should thinke Plantagenet to be the surname of the royall house of England albeit in late yeeres many have so accounted it Neither is it lesse strange why so many should thinke Theodore or Tydur as they contract it to be the surname of the Princes of this Realme since king Henry the seaventh For albeit Owen ap Merâ—dith Tydur which married Katharine the daughter of Charles the sixth king of France was grandfather to king Henry the seventh yet that Tydur or Theodore was but the Christian name of Owens grandfather For Owens father was Meredith ap Tydur Ap Grone Ap Tydur who all without Surnames iterated Christian names after the olde manner of the Britaines and other nations heeretofore noted and so lineally deduced his pedegree from Cadwallader king of the Britans as was found by Commission directed to Griffin ap Lewellin Gitteu Owen Iohn King and other learned men both English and Welsh in the seaventh yeare of the said king Henry the seventh Likewise in the line Royall of Scotland Milcolme or Malcolme was surnamed Canmore that is Great head and his brother Donald Ban that is White Alexander the first the Prowde Malcolme the fourth the Virgine William his brother the Lion As amongest the Princes of Wales Brochvail Schitrauc that is Gaggtothed Gurind Barmbtruch that is Spade-bearded Elidir Coscorvaur that is Heliodor the Great house-keeper and so in Ireland Murough Duff that is Blacke 〈◊〉 Roo that is Red Nemoliah that is full of wounds Patric Ban that is White Gavelcâ— that is Fetters To seeke therefore the auntient Surnames of the royall and most antient families of Europe is to seeke that which never was And therefore greatly are they deceived which thinke Valoys to have beene the surname of the late French kings or Borbon of this present king or Habsburg or Austriac of the Spanish king or Steward of the late kings of Scotland and now of BRITAINE or Oldenburg of the Danish For as all know that have but sipped of Histories Valoys was but the Apponage and Earledome of Charles yonger sonne to Philip the second from whome the late kings descended so Borbon was the inheritance of Robert a yonger sonne to saint Lewes of whom this king is descended Habsburg and Austria were but the olde possessions of the Emperors and Spanish Kings progenitours Steward was but the name of office to Walter who was high Steward of Scotland the progenitour of Robert first King of Scots of that family and of the King our Soveraigne And Oldenburg was but the Erledome of Christian the first Danish king of this family elected about 1448. But yet Plâ—â—tagenet Steward Valois Borbon Habsburg c. by prescription of time have prevailed so farre as they are now accounted surnames But for surnames of Princes well said the learned Marcus Salon de Pace Reges cognomiue now vtâ—ntur qâ—â—ia vt Regum familiae agnationes memoriae conserventur 〈◊〉 cognomina non sunt necessaria prout in alijs inferioribus quorum ipsa cognomina agnationum ac familiarum memoriâ—â— tutantur About the yeare of our Lord 1000. that we may not minute out the time surnames beganne to be taken vp in France and in England about the time of the Conquest or else a very little before vnder King Edward the Confessor who was all Frenchified And to this time doe the Scottishmen referre the antiquitie of their surnames although Buchanan supposeth that they were not in vse in Scotland many yeares after But in England certaine it is that as the better sort even from the Conquest by little and little tooke surnames so they were not setled among the common people fully vntill about the time of King Edward the second but still varied according to the fathers name as Richardson if his father were Richard Hodgeson if his father were Roger or in some other respect and from thenceforth beganne to be established some say by statute in their posteritie This will seeme strange to some Englishmen and Scotishmen which like the Arcadians thinke their surnames as ancient as the Moone or at the least to reach many an age beyond the Conquest But they which thinke it most strange I speake vnder correction I doubt they will hardly finde any surname which descended to posteritie before that time Neyther have they seene I feare any deede or donation before the Conquest but subsigned with crosses and single names without surnames in this manner in England Ego Eadredus confirmavi ✚ Ego Edmundus corroboravi ✚ Ego Sigarius conclusi ✚ Ego Olfstanus consolidavi c. Likewise for Scotland in an old booke of Duresme in the Charter whereby Edgare sonne of King Malcolme gave lands neere Coldingham to that Church in the yeare 1097. the Scottish Noblemen witnesses therevnto had no other surnames than the Christian names of their fathers For thus they signed S. ✚ Gulfi filij Mâ—niani S ✚ Culverti filij Donecani S ✚ Olavi filij Oghe c. As for my selfe I never hitherto found any hereditarie Surname before the Conquest neither any that I know and yet both I my selfe and divers whom I know have pored and pusled vpon many an old Record and Evidence to satisfie our selves heerein and for my part I will acknowledge my selfe greatly indebted to them that wil cleare me this doubt But about the time of the Conquest I
have borrowed their names from their situation and other respectes yet some with apt terminations have their names from men as Edwarston Alfredston Vbsford Malmesbury corruptly for Maiduâ—pâ—sbury But these names were from fore-names or Christian names and not froâ— Surnames For Ingulphus plainely sheweth that Wâ—burton and Leffrington were so named because two knights Wiburt and Leofric there sometimes inhabited But if any should affirme that the Gentlemen named Leâ—frington Wiburton Lancaster or Leicester Bossevill or Shordich gave the names to the places so named I woulde humbly without preiudice crave respite for a further day before I beleeved them And to say as I thinke verily when they shall better advise themselves and marke well the terminations of these and such like Locall names they will not presse me ovâ—r eagrely heerein Notwithstanding certaine it is that Surnames of families have beene adioyned to the names of places for distinction or to notifie the owner as Melton Mowbray Higham Ferrers Minster-Lâ—vel Stansted Rivers Drayton-Basset Drayton-Beauchamp c. for that they were the possessions of Mowbray Ferrers Level c. Neither do I denie but some among vs in former time aswell as now dreaming of immortalitie of their names have named their houses after their owne names as Camois-Court Hamons Bretts Bailies Theobaldes whenas now they have possessors of other names And the olde verse is and alwayes will be verified of them which a right worshipfull friend of mine not long since writ vpon his new house Nunc mea mox â—uius sed posteà nescio cuius Neither must all having their names from places suppose that their Auncestors were either Lordes or possessors of them but may assure themselves that they originally came from them or were borne at them But the Germans and Polonians doe cleare this errour by placing In before the Locall names if they are possessours of the place or Of if they onelie were borne at them as Martinus Cromerus noteth The like also seemeth to be in vse in the Marches of Scotland for there you shall have Trotter of Folshaw and Trotter in Fogo Haitly of Haitly and Hâ—â—ly in Haitly Whereas since the time of king Henry the third the Princes children tooke names from their natall places as Edward of Carnarvon Thomas of Brotherton Ioannâ— of Acres â—â—dmund of Woodstocke Iohn of Gaunt who named his children by Cath. Swinford Beaufort of the place wher they wer bornâ— uâ— nothing to our purpose to make further mentioÌ„ of theÌ„ whenas they never descâ—nded to their posteritie After this locall names the most names in number have beene derived from Occupations or Professions as Taylor Potter Smith Sadler Arblaster that is Balistarius Archer Taverner Chauser i. Hosier Weaver Pointer Painter Walker â—d est Fuller in olde English Baker Baxter Boulengem all one in signification Collier Carpenter Ioyner Salter Armorer Spicer Grocer Monger id est Chapman Brower Brasier Webster Whâ—eler Wright Cartwright Shipwright Banister id est Balneator Forbisher Farrar Goff id est Smyth in Welsh And most which end in Er in our tongue as among the Latines Artificeâ—s names have arius as luâ—tcariarius vestiarius calcearius c. or eo or â—o for thâ—ir termiâ—ations as Linteo Pellio Phrygio Neither was there any trade craft arte profession occupation never so meane but had a name among vs commonly ending in Er and men accordingly denominated but some â—re worne out of vse and therefore the significatioâ—â— vnknowne and other have beene mollified ridiculously by the bearers lest they should seeme vilified by them And yet the like names were amoÌ„g the noblest Romans as Figulâ—s Pictor Fabritius Scribonâ—â—s Salâ—â—tor Rusticus Agricola Carbo â—unarius c. And who can deny but they so named may be Gentlemen if Virtue which is the soule of Gentrie shall ennoble them and Virtus as one saieth Nulli pralusa est omnibus patet Albeit Doctour Turner in a Booke against Stephan Cardiner saieth the contrary exemplifying of their owne names At which time wise was the man that tolde my Lord Bishop that his name was not Gardiner as the English pronounce it but Gardiner vvith the French accent and therefore a Gentleman Hitherto may be referred many that end in Man as Tubman Carreman Coachman Fâ—rriman Clothman Chapman Spelman id est Learned man Palfâ—iman Horsman c. Many have beene assumed from offices as Chambers Chamberlaine Cooke Spenser that is Steward Marshall Latimer that is Interpretour Staller that is Constable or Standard-bearer Reeve Woâ—dreeve Sherifâ— Sergeant Parker Foster that is Nourisher Forraster contractly Forster Hunter Kempe that is Souldier in olde English for Alfricus translateth Tâ—ro Yong-Kempe Faulconer Fowler Page Butler Clarke Proctor Abbot Frier Monke Priest Bishop Spigurnell that is a sealer of Writs which office was hereditarie for a time to the Bohunes of Midherst Deacon Deane Bailive Franklin Leach Warder i. Keeper froÌ„ thâ—nce Woodward Millward Steward Dooreward thaâ—â— Porter Beareward Heyward Hereward that is Conserver of the armie Bond that is Paterfamilias as it is in the booke of olde termes belonging sometimes to Saint Augustine in Canterbury and we retaine it in the compound Husbâ—nd In which booke also Horden is interpreted a Steward Names also have beene taken of honours dignities or estate as King Duke Prince Lord Baron Knight Valuasor or Vavasor Squire Castellan partly for that their ancestours were such served such acted such parts or were Kings of the Beane Christmas Lords c. And the like names we reade among the Greeks and Romans as Basiâ—us Archias Archelâ—â— Regulus Servius Flaminius Caesarius Augustulus who notwithstanding were neither Kings Priests Dukes or Caesars Others from the qualities of the minde as Good Through good Goodman Goodchild Wise Hardie Plaine Light Meeke Bold Best Prowd Sharpe Still Sweete Speede Quicke Sure c. As those old Saxon names Shire that is Cleere Dyre that is Welbeloved Blith that is merry Drury that is jewell Also these French names Galliard that is Frolicke Musard that is Delayer Bland that is Fairespoken Coigne that is Valiant Baud that is Pleasant Barrat Kus Rush that is Subtile and so is Prat in the old booke of Petreborrough Huttin that is Mutiner As among the Grecians Agathias Aâ—dragathius Sophocles Eubulus Eumenius Thraseas Among the Romans Prudentius Lepidus Cato ` Pius Valeus Constans Asper Tacitus Dulcitius c. And accordingly names were borrowed as Plutarch saieth from the nature of the man from his actions from some marke forme or deformitie of his body as Macrinus that is Long Torquatus that is Chained Sulla that is White and Red And in like sort Mnemon that is Mindefull Grypus that is Hawkes-nose Callinicus that is Faire Victor From the habitâ—des of body and the perfections or imperfections thereof many names have beene imposed as Strong Arâ—â—strong Long Low Short Broad Bigge Little Speed Faire Goodbody Free body â—â—ll that is Faire Bellâ—t that is Belâ—ulus proper in French Helder that is Thinne Heile that is Healthfull
Nursenames came these pardon me if it offend any for it is but my coniecture Bill for William Clem for Clement Nat for Nathaniel Mab for Abraham Kit for Christopher Mund for Edmund Hall for Harry At and Atty for Arthur Cut for Cuthberd Mill for Miles Baul and Bald for Baldwin Ran for Randal Crips for Crispin Turk for Turktetill Sam for Sampson or Samuell Pipe for Pipard Gib for Gilbert Dan for Daniel Greg for Gregory Bat for Barthobnewe Law for Lawrence 〈◊〉 for Timothy Rol for Rolland Ieff for Ieffrey Dun for Duncan or Dunstan Duke for Marmaduke Daye for David God For Godfrey or Godard for otherwise I cannot imagine how that most holy name vnfit for a man and not to be tolerated should be appropriate to any man and many such like which you may learne of Nurses By adding of S to these Nicknames or Nursenames in all probabilitie we have Robins Nicks Nicolls Thoâ—s Dickes Hickes Wills Sims Sams Iecks Iucks Collins Ienks Munds Hodges Hobs Dobi Saunders from Alexander Gibs from Gilbert Cuts from Cuthberd Bats from Bartholâ—â—we Wats from Walter Philips from Philip Haiâ—es from Anulphus as some will for Ainulphesbury in Cambridgshire is contracted to Aiusbury and such like Many likewise have beene made by adioyning Kiâ—â— and Ius to those nursenames making them in Kiâ—s as it were diminutives those in Ius as Patronymica For so Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury the most ancient Saxon Grammarian of our Nation noteth that names taken from Progenitours do end in Ins so Dickins that is little Dick Perkins from Peir or Peter little Petre so Tomkins Wilkins Hutchins Huggins Higgins Hitchins from Hughe Lambkins Hopkins Hobkins from Hob Dobbinâ— Robbins Atkins from Arthur Gibbins Simkins Hodgekins Hoskins Watkins Ienkins Iennings Tipkins from Tibald Daukins from Davy Rawlins from Raâ—ul that is Rafe and Hankin for Randâ—ll in Cheshire In this manner did the Romans very names as Constans Constantius Constantinus Iustus Iustulus Iustinus Iustinianus Aurelius Aureolus Aurelianus Augustus Augustinus Augustinianus Augustulus c Beside these there are also other diminitive names after the French Analogie in Et or Ot as Willet from Will Haket from Hake Bartlet from Bartholmew Millet from Miles Huet from Hughe Allet from Allan Collet from Cole Guyet from Guy Eliot from Elias and Beckvet that is Little Sharpe nose But many more by addition of Son to the Christian or Nickname of the father as Williamson Richardson Dickson Harryson Gibson for Gilbertson Simson Simondson Stevenson Dauson for Davison Morison Lawson id est Lawrenson Robinson Cutbertson Nicholson Tomson Willson Leweson Iobson Waterson Watson Peerson and Pierson Peterson Haâ—son from Hankin Wilkinson Danison for Daniel Benison and Benson from Bennet Denison Patison from Patrick Ienkinson Matison from Mathew Colson from Cole or Nicholl Rogerson Herdson from Herdingson Hodgskinson Hugheson Hulson from Huldric Hodson from Hod or Oddâ— Nelson from Neale or Nigell Davidson Saunderson Iohnson Raulson from Raoul or Ralf So the ancient Romans vsed Publipor Marcipâ—r Lucipor for Publij puer Marci puer Lucij puer according to Varro As afterwards in the Capitolin Tables they were wont to note both father and grandfather for proofe of their gentry in abbreviations as A. Sempronius Aulifilius Lucij Nepâ—s that is 〈◊〉 Seâ—pronius sonne of Aulus grandchild or nephew of Lucius C. Martius L. F. C. N. c. Neither is it true which some say Omnia nomina in Son sunt boralis generis whenas it was vsuall in every part of the Realme Some also have had names from their mothers as Fitz-parnell Fitz-Isabell Fitz-Mary Fitz-Emme Mandleâ—s Susans Mawds Grace Emson c. As Vespasian the Emperour from Vespasia Polla his mother and Popaea Sabina the Empresse from her grandmother In the same sence it continueth yet in them which descended from the Normans Fitz-Hughe Fitz-william Fitz-Herbert Fitz-Geffrey Fitz-Simon Fitz-Alian Fitz-Owen Fitz-Randoll being names taken from their Progenitours as among the Irish Mac-william Mac-Cone Mac-Dermot Mac-Mahon Mac-Donell Mac-Arti .i. the sonne of Arthur So among the Welsh-Britans likewise Ap-Robert Ap-Evans Ab-Yihel Ap-Hary Ap-Hughe Ap-Rice Ap-Richard Ap-Howell Ap-Enion Ap-Owen Ap-Henry Ap-Rhud which be contracted into Probert Bevans Bythell Parry Pughe Price Prichard Powell Benion Bâ—wen Peurbye Prud c. So in the borders of England and Scotland Gawis Iâ—k for Iohn the sonne of Gawin Richies Edward for Edward the sonne of Richard Iony Riches Will for William the sonne of Iohn sonne of Richard The like I have heard to be in vse among the meaner sort in Cornwall Daintie was the devise of my Host at Grantham which would wisely make a difference of degrees in persons by the terminations of names in this word Son as betweene Robertson Robinson Robson Hobson Richardson Dickson and Dickinson Willson Williamson and Wilkinson Iackson Iohnson Ienkinson as though the one were more worshipful than the other by his degrees of comparison The names of aliance have also continued in some for surnames as where they of one family being of the same Christian name were for distinction called R. Le Frere Le Fitz Le Cosm that is Brother the Sonne c. all which passed in time into Surnames Many names also given in merriment for By-names or Nicke-names have continued to posteritie as Malduit for ill schollership or ill taught Mallieure commonly Mallyvery i. Malus Leporarins for ill hunting the hare Pater noster for devout praying The Frenchman which craftily and cleanely conveyed himselfe and his prisoner T Crioll a great Lord in Rent about the time of King Edward the second out of Fraunce and had therefore Swinfield given him by Crioll as I have read for his fine conveyance was then called Fineux and left that name to his posteritie So Baldwin le-Pettour who had his name and held his land in Suffolke Per saltum sufflum pettum sive bumbulum for dauncing pout-puffing and dooing that before the King of England in Christmasse holy dayes which the worde Pet signifieth in French Inquire if you vnderstand it not of Cloacinas chaplaines or such as are well read in Aâ—ax Vpon such like occasions names were given among the Romans as Tremellius was called Scropha or Sow because when he had hid his neighbours Sow vnder a padde and commanded his wife to lie dovvne thereon he sware when the owner came in to seeke the Sow that hee had no Sow but the great Sow that lay there poynting to the padde and the Sow his vvife So one Cornelius was surnamed Asina for that when he was to put in assurance for payment of certaine summes in a purchase hee brought his Asse laden with money and made ready payment So Augustus named his dwarfe Sarmentum i. sprigge and Tiberius called one Tricongius for carowsing three gallons of wine So Servilius was called Ala for carrying his dagger vnder his arme-pit vvhen hee killed Spurius So Pertinax the Emperor being stubbernly resolute in his youth to be a wood monger as his father vvas
Geffrey the sonne of Robert Fitz-Maldred and Isabel his wife heire of the Norman house of the Nevilles tooke the name of Nevill and left it to his posteritie which was spread into very manie honourable families of England In like manner the sonne of Ioscelin of Lovan a yoonger sonne to the Duke of Brabant when he had married Agnes the onely daughter of William Lord Percy so named of Percy forrest in the county of Maen from whome they came and not of piercing the king of Sâ—â—ts through the 〈◊〉 as Hâ—ctâ—r Bâ—â—tius fableth his sonne and posteritie vppon a composition with the same Lady tooke her name of Percy but retained theyr olde coate armour to shew from whome they descended So Adam de Montgomery marrying the daughter and heire of Carew of Molesford her sonne relinquishing his owne left to his posteritie his mothers name Carew from whom the Barons Carew the Carews of Haccomb of Berry of Authony Beddington c. have had their names and originall Likewise Ralph Gernon marrying the daughter of Cavendish or Candish left that name to his issue as Th Talbot a learned Genealogist hath prooved So Robert Meg the great favourite of king Iohn took the name of Braybrooke whereof his mother was one of the heires So sir Iohn de Haudlow marrying the daughter and heire of the Lorde Burnell his posteritie tooke the name of Burnell So sir Tibauld Russell tooke the name of De Gorges to him and his issue for that his mother was sister and one of the heirs of Ralfe de Gorges as it appeareth in the controversie betweene Warbleton and the saide Tibauld de Corges for the coate of Armes Lozengy Or and Azure 21. of Edward the third before Henry Earle of Lancaster and others at the siege of Saint Margaret Not many years since when Iames Hâ—rsey had married the daughter of De-Le-vale of Northumberland his issue tooke the name of De-la-vale Heerevnto may they also bee referred who changed their names in remembrance of their Progenitours being more honourable as the sonnes of Geffrey Fitz-Petre tooke the name of Magnavilla or Mandevile when they came to be Earles of Essex because their grandmother Beatrix was of the house of Mandevile as appeareth by the Abby booke of Walden So Thomas de Molton tooke the name of Lucy and many other which I omit Others also have taken the name of them whose lands they had As when King Henry the first gave the lands of the attainted Robert Moubray Earle of Northumberland being 120. Knights fees in Normandy and 140. in England to Nigall or Nâ—â—le de 〈…〉 who in the battell at 〈◊〉 tooke Robert Duke of 〈◊〉 prisoner he commanded withall that his posteritie should take the Surname of Moâ—bray which they accordingly did and retained the same as long as the issue male continued which determined in Iohn Moâ—bray Duke of Norfolke in the time of King Edward the fourth whose heires were married into the families of Howard and Barkeley Remembrance of benefits made others to change their names as William Mortimer descended from those of Richards Castle tooke the name of La-Zouch and named his sonne Alan de la-Zouch for some favour received from the Lord Zouch of Ashby de la-Zouch as appeareth by Inquisition 11. 21. Ed. 3. In respect of adoption also very many in all ages have changed their names I neede not particulate it for all know it Some of their owne dislike of their names have altered them for as I have read in the booke of Fornesse William Fitz-Gilbert Baron of Kendall obtained licence of King Henry the second to change his name and call himselfe and his posteritie Lancaster from whom the Lancasters in Westmâ—rlaud c. are descended Heerevpon some thinke that without the Kings licence new names cannot be taken or old names given away to others Yet Tiraquell the great Civilian of France in Leg. quin. Conub Tit. 92. seemeth to incline that both name and Armes may be transferred by will and testament and produceth Augustus who by his Testament commanded Tiberius and Livia to beare his name How in former times Herevile Dunvile Clauwowe gave and granted away their Armes which are as silent names distinctions of families and the same was thought vnlawfull afterward when the Lord 〈◊〉 would have done the same shall be declared in more convenient place But the inconvenience of change of names hath beene discovered to be such in France that it hath beene prâ—pounded in 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 that it should not be permitted but in these two respects eyther when one should bee made heire to any with especiall words to assume the name of the testatour or when any one should have a donation surmounting a thousand crownes vpon the same condition But to retyre to our purpose Not a few have assumed the names of their fathers Baronies as in former times the issue of Richard Fitz-Gilbert tooke the name of Clare which was their Barony and in late time since the Suttons came to the Barony of Dudley all their issue tooke the name of Dudleyes that I may omit others The dislike of others hath caused also a change of names for King Edward the first disliking the iteration of Fitz commanded the Lord Iohn Fitz-Robert a most ancient Baron whose Ancestours had continued their Surnames by their fathers Christian names to leave that manner and to be called Iohn Clavering which was the capitall seate of his Barony And in this time many that had followed that course of naming by Fitz tooke them one setled name and retained it as Fitz Walter and others Also at that time the names of Thomson Richardson Willson and other of that forme began to be setled which before had varied according to the name of the father Edward the fourth likewise as I have heard loving some whose name was Picard would often tell them that hee loved them well but not their names wherevpon some of them changed their names and I have heard that one of them which tooke the name of Ruddle being the place of his birth in that respect And in late yeares in the time of King Henry the eight an ancient worshipfull gentleman of Wales being called at the panniell of Iury by the name of Thomas Ap William Ap Thomas Ap Richard Ap Hoel Ap Evan Vaghan c. was advised by the Iudge to leave that old manner Wherevpon he after called himselfe Moston according to the name of his principall house and left that Surname to his posterity Offices have brought new names to divers families as when Edward Fitz-Thâ—â—bald of Ireland the Earles of Ormond and others descended from them tooke the name of Butler So the distinct families of the Constables in the County of Yorke are saide to have taken that name from some of their Ancestours which bare the office of Constables of some Castles In Like manner the Stewards Marshalls Spencers That I may say nothing of such as for well acting on the stage have carried
Fie fie for shame let me heare no more such vnseemely speeches but rather suppliantly pray vnto my Almightie Maker that in this life and in the life to come I may seeme worthy to be his servant When hee sought by severe edicts to abolish all heathenish superstition and laboured by godly lawes to establish the true religion and service of Christ yea and vncessantly endevoured to draw men vnto the faith perswading reproving praying intreating in time out of time publikely and privately he one day said merrily yet truly vnto the Bishop that he had bidden to a banquet As ye be Bishops within the Church so may I also seeme to be a Bishop out of the Church He disswading one from covetousnes did with his lance draw out the length and bredth of a mans grave saying This is all that thou shalt have when thou art dead if thou canst happily get so much He made a law that no Christian should be bondman to a Iew and if that any Iew did buy any Christian for his slave hee should bee fined therefore and the Christian enfranchised adding this reason That it stoode not with equitie that a Christian should be slave vnto the murderers of Christ Ethelbert King of Kent was hardly induced to imbrace Christian Religion at the perswasion of Augustine sent to convert the English Nation but at length being perswaded and desirous to be baptized said Let vs come also to the King of Kings and giver of Kingdomes it may redound to our shame that we which are first in authoritie should come list to Christianitie But I doe beseech that true King that he would not respect the precedence in time but devotion of my mâ—nde Ioscelinus When Paulinus brought vnto Edwin king of Northumberland the glad tidings of the salvation of mankinde by Christ and preached the Gospel vnto the king and his Nobilitie zealously and eloquently opening vnto them the mysteries of our faith and precepts of Christian Religion one of the Lords thus spake vnto the King but some now happily will smile at this speach We may â—â—ely compare mans state vnto this little Robbin-redbrest that is now in this cold weather heere in the waâ—me chamber chirpeng and singing merrily and as long as she shall remaine heere wee shall see and vnderstand how she doeth but anone when she shall be flowne hence abroad into the wide world and shall be forced to feele the bitter stormes of hard winter we shall not know what shall become of her So likewise we see how men fare as long as they live among vs but after they be dead neither wee nor our Religion have any knowledge what becomes of them Wherefore I do thinke it wisedome to give care vnto this man who seemeth to shew vs not onely what shall become of vs but also how we may obtaine overlasting life heereafter Beda When Rodoald king of the East Angles being wonne with rewards was shamefully minded to have delivered vnto Edelfride the king of Northumberland the innocent Prince Edwin who had fled vnto him to be saved from the bloodie hands of Edelfride who had vnlawfully bereaft him of his kingdome His wife turned his intent by telling him that It stoode not with the high and sacred state of a King to buy and sell the bodies of men as it were a petiâ—chapman or that which is more dishonourable slave-like to sell away his faith a thing which hee ought to hold more precious then all the gold and gemmes of the whole world yea and his owne life Beda Ina King of West-Saxons had three daughters of whom vpon a time he demanded whether they did love him and so would do during their lives above all others the two elder sware deepely they would the yongest but the wisest told her father flatly without flattery That albest she did love honour and reverence him and so would whilst she lived as much as nature and daughterly dutie at the vttermost could expect Yet she did thinke that one day it would come to passe that she should affect another more servently meaning her husband when she were married Who being made one flesh with her as God by commaundement had told and nature had taught hâ—r she was to cleave fast to forsaking father and mother kisse and kinne Anonymus One referreth this to the daughters of king Leir Imperious was that speech of Theodore the Grecian Archbishop of Canterbury in depriving a poore English Bishop Although we can charge you with nothing yet that we wâ—â—l we wiâ—l like to that Sie volo sic â—ubeo stat pro ratione voluntas But humble was the English Bishops reply Paul appealed from the Iewes to Caesar and I from you to Christ Vita S. Wilfredi The reverend Bede whome wee may more easily admire than sufficiently praise for his profound learning in a most barbarous age when he was in the pangs of death saide to the standers by I have so lived among you that I am not ashamed of my life neither feare I to die because I have a most gratious Redeemer Hee yeelded vp his life with this praier for the Church O King of glory Lorde of Hostes which hast triumphantly ascended into heaven leave vs not fatherlesse but send the promised spirit of thy trueth amongest vs. Some write that hee went to Rome and interpreted there S P Q R in derision of the Gothes swarming to Reme Stultus Populus Quaerit Roman and that in his returne hee died at Genoa where they shew his toombe But certaine it is that he was sent for to Rome by Sergius the Pope and more certaine that hee died at Weremouth and from thence was translated to Durham And that I may incidently note that which I have heard Not manie yeeres since a French Bishop returning out of Scotland comming to the Church of Durham and brought to the shrine of Saint Cuâ—hbert kneeled downe and after his devotions offered a Baubie saying Sancte Cuthberte si sanctus siâ— ora pro me But afterward being brought vnto the Toombe of Bedâ— saying likewise his Orisons offered there a French crowne with this alteration Sancte Beda quia sanctus es ora pro me Iohannes Erigena surnamed Scotus a man renowned for learning sitting at the Table in respect of his learning with Charles the bawld Emperour and King of Fraunce behaved himselfe as a slovenly Scholler nothing Courtly whereupon the Emperour asked him merrily Quid interest inter Scotum Sotum What is betweene a Scot and a Sot Hee merrily but yet malapertly aunswered Mensa The Table as though the Emperour were the Sot and hee the Scot. Rog Hovedeâ—us On an other time the Emperour did serte downe vnto him a dish with two faire great fishes and one little one willing him to be carver vnto two other Schollers that fate beneath him Then Maister Iohn who was but a little man layed the two great fishes vppon his owne trencher and set downe the one little fish vnto the other two
Schollers who were bigge men Which when the Emperour sawe hee smiling saide In good faith Maister Iohn you are no indifferent divider Yes if it like your Highnesse verie indifferent saide he for heere poynting to himselfe and the two great fishes be two great ones and a little one and so yonder reaching his hand towardes the Schollers are two great ones and a little one Idem Wenefridus borne at Kirton in Devonshire after furnamed Boniface who converted Freesel and to Christianitie was wont to say In olde time there were golden Prelats and woodden Chalices but in his time woodden Prelates and golden Chalices Beatus Rhenanus libr. 2. rerum Germenâ—arum Ethelwold the Bishop of Winchester in the time of king Edgar in a great famine solde away all the sacred golde and silver vessells of all his church to releeve the hunger-starved poore people saying That there was no reason that the senselesse temples of God should abound in riches and living temples of the holy-ghost starve for hunger Whenas Kinnad King of Scotâ— a vassall to King Eadgar of England had saide at his Table That it stoode not with the honour of the Princes of this Isle to be subiect to that Dandiprat Eadgar who was indeede but of small stature yet full of courage He vnderstanding thereof withdrew Kinnad privately into a wood as though hee had to conferre with him of some important secret where he offered him the choice of two swords prepared for that purpose with these wordes Now we are alone you may try your manhood now may it appeare who should be subiect to the other retire not one foote backe It standeth not with the honour of Princes to brave it at the Table and not to dare it in the field But Kinad heere-at dismaied desired pardon by excuse and obtained it Malmesburiensis pag. 33. The same king Eadgar having brought into his subiection the aforesaid Kinnad king of Scottes Malcolm king of Cumberland Mac cuis the arch pirate lord of the Isles with Dufnall Griffith Howell Iacob Iudethilâ— Princes of Wales was rowed by them in triumphant manner in his barge vpon the river of Dee at Chester at which time it is reported he saide Then may my successours the Kings of England glorie when they shall doe the like Marianus Scotus Anno 973. When Hinguar of Denmarke came so sodainely vppon Edmund the king of the East-Angles that hee was forced to seeke his safetie by flight hee happened vnhappily on a troupe of Danes who fell to examining of him whether hee knew where the king of the East-Angles was whome Edmund thus answered Even now when I was in the palace he was there and when I went from thence he departed thence and whether he shall escape your handes or no onely God knoweth But so soone as they once heard him name God the godlesse infidells pittifully martired him Vita Sancti Edmundi When Brithwold a noble Saxon marching against the Danes encamped neare Maldon was invited by the Abbot of Elie to take his dinner with him he refusing answered Hee would not dine from his companies because hee could not fight without his companies Liber Eliensis King Canutus commonly called Knute walking on the sea sands neare to Southampton was extolled by some of his flattering followers and tolde that hee was a king of kings the mightiest that raigned farre and neare that both sea and land were at his commaund But this speach did put the godly King in mind of the infinite power of God by whome Kings have and enioy their power and therevpon hee made this demonstration to refell their flatterie He tooke off his cloake and wrapping it round together sâ—te downe vpon it neare to the sea that then beganne to slowe saying Sea I commaund thee that thou touch not my feete 〈◊〉 he had not so soone spoken the worde but the surgâ—ng wave dashed him He then rising vp and going backe saide Ye see now my Lorde what good cause you have to call me a King that am not able by my commaundement to stay one wave no mortaâ—l man doubtlesse is woorthy of such an 〈◊〉 name no man hath such commaund but one King which ruleth all Let vs honour him let vs call him King of all kings and Lord of all nations Let vs not onely confesse bvt also prâ—fesse him to be ruler of the heavens sea anâ— land Polydorus and others When Edric the extorteâ— was deprived by King Câ—ute of the government of Mercia hee impatient of the disgrace tolde him he had deserved better for that to pleasure him hee had first revolted from his Soveraigne king Edmund and also dispatched him Whereat Câ—ute all appalled answered And thou shalt die for thy desert whenâ—â— thou arte a traitour to God and me in killing thy king and my confederate brother His bloud be vpon thy head which hast layed handes vpon the Lordes annoynted Some reporte that he saide For his deserts he should be advaunced above all the Nobilitie of England which hâ— câ—mmediately performed advauncing his head vpon the Tower of London Florilegus King Edward the Confessour one afternoone lying in his bedde with the curtaine drawne round about him a poore pilfering Courtier came into his chamber where finding the Kings Casket open which Hugoline his chamberlaine had forgotten to shut going foorth to pay money in haste hee tooke out so much money as hee couldâ— well carry and went away But insatiable desire brought him againe and so the third time when the King who lay still all this while and would not seeme to see beganne to speake to him and bade him speedily be packing For he was well if hee coulde see for if Hugoline came and tooke him there he were not onely like to loose all that he had gotten but also stretch an halter The fellow was no sooner gone but Hugoline came in and finding the Casket open and much money taken away was greatly mooved But the King willed him not to he grieved For saide he he that hath it had more neede of it then wee have This at that time was adiudged Christian lenitie but I thinke in our age it will be accounted simplicitie in the woorst sense Vita Sancti Edwardi This Edward hasted out of Normandie whither his expelled father king Ethelred had fled with him with a great power to recover the kingdome of England from the Danes neere vnto whose forces hee was encamped ready to give them battell But when his Captaines promised him assured victorie and that they would not leave one Dane alive God forbid quoth Edward that the kingdome should be recovered for me one man by the death of so many thousand men It is better that I do leade a private and vnbloody life then be a King by such but chery And therewithall brake vp Campe and retyred into Normandy where he staied vntill God sent oportunitie to obtaine the kingdome without blood Paulus Aemilius Harold as hee waited on the cup of the said king Edward chanced
that she would goe to church barefoote and alwayes exercise herselfe in workes of charitie insomuch that when David her brother came out of Scotland to visite her he found her in her privie chamber with a towell about her middle washing wiping and kissing poore peoples feete which he disliking saide Verily if the King your husband knew this you should never kisse his lippes She replied That the feete of the King of heaven are to bee preferred before the lippes of a King in earth Guil Malmes Math. Paris Simon Deane of Lincolne who for his Courtlike carriage was called to Court and became a favourite of this king Henry the first was wont to say I am cast among courtiers as salt among quicke Eeles for that he salted powdred and made them stirre with his salt and sharpe quipping speeches But what saieth the Author who reporteth this of him The salt lost his season by the moysture of the Eeles and was cast out on the dunghill For hee incurring hatred in Court was disgraced committed and at last banished Henr. Huntingdon in Epistola VVHen the Scottes in the time of king Stephen with a great army invaded England the Northerne people brought to the field the Earle of Albemarle the only respective heire of those partes in his cradle and placed him by the Standard hoping thereby to animate the people But Ralph Bishop of Duresme animated them more with this saying Assure your selves that this multitude not trained by discipline wil be combersome to it selfe in good successe and in distresse easily discomforted Which proved accordingly for many Scottishmen left their carcases in the field Historiola de Standardo MAwd the Empresse daughter and heire of this king Henry the first which stiled her sâ—lfe Lady of the Englishmen would often say to her sonne king Henry the second Be hasty in nothing Hawkes are made more serviceable when yee make faire shewes of offering meate often and yet with-hold it the longer Cualterus Mapes Others Maximes of her In arte Reguands proceeding from a niggish olde wife I wittingly omitte as vnbefitting a Prince Robert Earle of Gloucester base sonne to king Henry the first the onely martiall man of England in his age vsed Stephen Beauchampe with all grace and countenaunce as his onely favorite and privado to the great dislike of all his followers Whereupon when he was distressed in a conflict he called to some of his companie for helpe but one bitterly bade him Call nowe to your Stephen Pardon mee pardon me replieth the Earle In matters of Venery I must vse my Stephen but in Martiall affaires I relie who he vppon you Gualter Mapes de Nugis Curialium HEnry the second caused his eldest sonne Henry to bee crowned kâ—ng and that day served him at the Table Whereuppon the Archebishop of Yorke said vnto the yoong king Your Maiestie may reioyce for there is never a Prince in the world that hath this day such a waiter aâ— his Table as you have Wonder you so much aâ— that my Lord saide the yong king and dooth my father thinke it an abasement for him being discended of royall bloud onely by his mother to serve me at the Table that have both a King to my father and a Queene to my mother Which prowde speech when the vnfortunate father heard hee rounded the Archbishop in the care and saide I repent mee I repent me of nothing more than of vntimely advauncements Anonymus Wimund Bishop of the Isle of Man in the time of King Stephen a martiall Prelate as many were in that age after he had with many an inrode annoyed the Scots some English procured by them sodainely apprehended him put out his eies and gelded him as my Author saieth for the peace of the kingdome not for the kingdome of heaven Who after retiring himselfe to the Abbey of Biland in Yorkeshire would often couragiously say Had I but a sparrowe eye my enemies should never carry it away scot-free Newbrigensis When king Plenry the second was at S. Davis in Wales and from the cliffes there in a cleere day discovered the coast of Ireland that most mighty Monark of this realme saide I with my shippes am able to make a bridge thither if it be no further which speach of his beeing related to Murchard king of Lemster in Ireland he demaunded if hee added not to his speech with the grace of God when it was answered that hee made no mention of God Then saide hee more cheerefully I feare him lesse which trusteth more to himselfe than to the helpe of God Giraldus Cambrensis Owen of Kevelsoc Prince of Powis admitted to the table of king Henry the second at Shrewsbury the king the more to grace him reached him one of his owne loaves which he cutting in small peeces and setting them as farre off as he could reach did eate very leasurely When the king demaunded what he meant thereby he aunswered I doe as you my Soveraigne meaning that the king in like manner tooke the fruition of offices and spirituall preferments as long as he might Giraldus The same king Henry returning out of Ireland arrived at saint Davis in Wales where it was signified vnto him that the Conqueror of Ireland returning that way should die vpon a stone called Lech-laver neere the churchyard whereupon in a great presence he pasted over it and then reprooving the Welsh-Britans credulity in Merlins Prophecies said Now who will heereafter credite that liar Merlin Giraldus Gilbert Foliot Bishop of London disliking Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury woulde say oftentimes Ad Zachaeum non divertisset Dominus nisi de sicomoro iam descendisset That Zachaeus had never entertained and lodged Christ vnlesse he had come downe from the figge tree As though Christ could never like the lofty vntill they should humiliate themselves and come downe Anonymus Ms. The same king would often say The whole world is 〈◊〉 enough for a great Prince Girald in Distinct In the time of this Henry the second the See of Lincolne was so long voyde as a certaine Convert of Tame prophecied that there should be no more Bishoppes of Lincolne But he prooved a truthlesse prophet for Geffrey the kings base sonne was preferred after sixteene yeeres vacancie thereunto but so fitte a man as one saide of him That he was skilfull in fleecing but vnskilfull in feeding Vitae Episcoporum Eboracensium This gallant base Bishoppe would in his protestations and othes alwayes protest By my faith and the King my father But Walter Mapes the kings Chaplan told him You might doe aswel to remember sometimes your mothers honesty as to mention so often your fathers royaltie Mapes de Nugis Curialium This Bishop Ceffrey in all his Instruments passing from him vsed the stile of G. Archiepiscopus Eborum but in the circumference of his Seale to notifie his royall parentage Sigillum Galfredi filij Regis Anglorum as I observed in his Seales SAvage a Gentleman which amongst the first English had
planted himselfe in Vlster in Ireland advised his sonne for to builde a castle for his better defence against the Irish enemy who valiantly answered that hee woulde not trust to a castle of stones but to his castle of bones Meaning his body Marâ—ebrigensis Robert Bâ—anchmaines Earle of Leicester was wont to say Soveraigne Princes are the true types or relemblances of Gods true maiestie in which respect saieth mine Author treason against the Princes person was called Crimen maiest at is Polycraticon Pope Adrian the fourth an English man borne of the familie of Breakespeare in Middlesex a 〈◊〉 commended for converting Norway to christianity before his Papacie but noted in his Papacie for vsing the Emperour Fredericke the second as his Page in holding his stirroppe demaunded of Iohn of Sarisbury his countryman what opinion the world had of the Church of Rome and of him who answered The Church of Rome which should be a mother is now a stepmother wherein sit both Scribes and Pharises and as for your selfe whenas you are a father why doe you exspect pensions from your children c. Adrian smiled and after some excuses tolde him this tale which albeit it may seeme long and is not vnlike that of Menenius Agrippa in Livie yet give it the reading and happly you may learne somewhat by it All the members of the body conspired against the stomacke as against the swallowing gulfe of all their labors for whereas the eies beheld the eares heard the handes labored the feete traveled the tongue spake and all partes performeds their functions onely the stomacke lay ydle and consumed all Hereuppon they ioyntly agreed al to forbeare their labors and to pine away their lasie and publike enemy One day passed over the second followed very tedious but the third day was so grievous to them all that they called a common Counsel The eyes waxed dâ—mme the feete could not support the body the armes waxed lasie the tongue faltered and could not lay open the matter Therefore they all with one accord desired the advise of the Heart There Reason layd open before them that â—ee against whome they had proclaimed warres was the cause of all this their misery For he as their common steward when his allowances were withdrawne of necessitie withdrew theirs fro them as not receiving that he might allow Therfore it were a farre better course to supply him than that the limbs should faint with hunger So by the perswasion of Reason the stomacke was served the limbes comforted and peace re-established Even so it fareth with the bodies of Common-weales for albeit the Princes gather much yet not so much for themselves as for others So that if they want they cannot supply the want of others therefore do not repine at Princes heerein but respect the common good of the whole publike estate Idem Oftentimes would he say All his preferments never added any one iote to his happinesse or quietnesse Idem He also that I may omitte other of his speeches would say The Lord hath dilated me by hammering me vpon the anvild but I beseech him he would vnderlay his hand to the vnsupportable burthen which he hath layde vpon me Idem When it was signified vnto king Richard the first son to the foresaide King Henry sitting at supper in his pallace at Westminster which we call the old pallace now that the French king besieged his towne of Vernoil in Normandie he in greatnes of courage protested in these wordes I will never turne my backe vntil I have confronted the French For performance of which his princely word hee caused the wall in his pallace at Westminster to be broken downe directly towardes the South posted to the coast and immediately into Normandie where the very report of his sodaine arrivall so terrified the French that they raised the siege and retired themselves Ypodigma The same king Richard purposing an expedition into the holy land made money at all handes and amongst other things solde vnto Hugh Pudsey Bishop of Durham the Earledome of Northumberland merrily laughing when he invested him and saying Am not I cunning and my crafiesmaister that can make a yoong Earle of an olde Bishoppe But this Prelate was fitte to be an Earle for the worlde as one of that age saide of him was not crucifixus to him but infixus in him Lib. Dunelm One Fulke a Frenchman of great opinion for his holinesse tolde this king Richard that hee kept with him three daughters that would procure him the wrath of God if he did not shortly ridde himselfe of them Why hypocrite quoth the king all the worlde knoweth that I never hadde childe Yea saide Fulke you have as I saide three and their names are Pride Covetousnesse and Lechery It is so saide the king you shal see me presently bestow them the Knightes Templers shal have Pride the while Mâ—nkes Covetousnesse and the Cleargy Lechery and there have you my three daughters bestowed among you When there was a faire opportunitie offered vnto this king Richard and to Hugh duke of Burgundie for the surprise of Ierusalem they marched forward in two battalles from Acres The king of England led the first the Duke of Burgundie the other when they approched the Duke of Burgundie envying the glory of the English signified to the king of England that he would retire with his companies because it should not be said that the English had taken Ierusalem While this message was delivering and the King grieving that so glorious an enterprise was so overthwarted by envie one amongest the English companies cryed alowde to the King and said Sir Sâ—r come hither and I will shew you Ierusalem But king Richard cast his coate of armes before his face and weeping vttered these wordes with alowde voice Ah my Lord God I beseech thee that I may not see thy holy Cittie Ierusalem whenas I am not able to deliver it out of the handes of the enemies Ian Sire Signour de Ionville in the life of Saint Le wes cap. 70. This Author also giveth this testimony of the saide king in the eight chapter of the saide Booke This Prince was of such prowesse that he was more feared and redoubted amongest the Sarazens then ever was any Prince Christian Insomuch that when as their little infants beganne to crie their mothers would say to make them holde their peace King Richard commeth and wil have you and immediately the little children hearing him named would forbeare crying And likewise the Turkes and Sarazens when their horses at any time started they woulde putte spurre to them and say What you iades you thinke King Richard is heere When the same king Richard had fortunately taken in a skirmish Philippe the Bishop of Beavoys a deadly enemy of his hee cast him in prison with boltes vpon his heeles which being complained of vnto the Pope he wrote earnestly vnto him not to detaine his deere sonne an Ecclesiasticall person and a sheepheard of the Lordes but to send him
constantiâ—r Commendatie lamentabilis in transiâ—n Regis Edw priâ—â— Whereas the kings of England before his time vsed to weare their Crowne vpon all solemne feast dayes he first omitted that custome saying merrily That Crownes doe rather â—nerate than honour Princes Idem tractatus When a simple religious man seeing him meanely attired wondering thereat asked him why hee beeing so potent a Prince ware so simple a sute he answered Father Father you know how God regardeth garments What can I doe more in royall robes than in this my gabbardine Idem When the Cleargie pretending a discharge by a 〈◊〉 lately made at the Councell held at Lyons in Fraâ—â—â— would contribute nothing to the temporall necessities of King Edward hee saide vnto them in parliament Seeing you doe refuse to helpe me I will also refuse to help you c. If you deny to pay tribute to me as vnto your Prince I will refuse to protect you as my subiects and therefore if you be spoyled robbed maiâ—â—ed and nurthered seeke for no succourner defence of me or mine The Pope sent an Iniunction vnto the same Edward the which was delivered vnto him in one of his iornies against the fautors of Iohn Balleal king of Scotland the tenour of it was that he should surcease to disquiet the Scottes which were an exempt nation and properly appertaining to the Roman Chappell wherefore the citty of Ierusalem could not but defend her Cittizens and helpe them that did trust in the Lord like mount Siâ—â— Hee hadde no sooner read it but rapping out an othe saide I will not holde my peace for Syon nor Ierusalems rest as long as there is breath in my bodie but wil prosecute my iust right knowne vnto all the world and defend is to the death Tho Walsing ham When Iohn Earle of Athâ—ll nobly descended who had with other murthered Iohn Coâ—â—in was apprehended by king Edward the first and some intreated for him The king answered The higher his calling is the greater must his fall be and as he is of higher parentage so he shal be the higher hanged which accordingly was performed for he was hanged on a gallowes fiftie foote high Florilegus Whenas in siege of the Castle of Strivelin in Scotland king Edward the first by his over-forwardnesse was often endaungered some advised him to have more regarde to his person hee aunswered them with that of David in the Psalme A thousand shall fall as my fide and tenne thousand at my right hand but it shall not come neere me Florilegus When the learned Lawyers of the realme were consulted in a cause by him and after long consultation did not satisfie him hee saide as kings impatient of delayes may be bolde with their Lawyers My Lawyers are long advising and never advised Florilegus As for other speeches of his I wittingly and willingly overpasse Eleanor wife to king Edward the first a most vertuous and wise woman when hee tooke his long and dangerous voyage into the holy land would not be disswaded to tarrie at home but woulde needes accompany him saying Nothing must part them whome God hath ioyned and the way to heaven is as neare in the holy land if not nearer as in England or Spaine This worthy Queene maketh mee remember Eubulus a scoffing Comicall Greeke Poet which curseth himselfe if ever hee opened his mouth against women inferring albeit Medea were wicked yet Penelope was peerelesse if Clytemnestra were naught yet Alcestes was passing good if Phâ—dra were damnable yet there was an other laudable But heere saith he I am at a stand of good women I finde not one more but of the wicked I remember thousandes Beshrew this scoffer yee good wives all and let his curse fall vpon him for of your kinde may many a million bee found yea of your owne country and that I may reserve other to a fitter place I will shew vnto you a rare example in this Queene of England a most loving and kinde wife out of Rodericus Sanctius not mentioned by our Historians When king Edward the first was in the holy land hee was stabbed with a poysoned dagger by a Sarazen and through the rancor of the poyson the wound was iudged incurable by his Physitions This good Queene Eleanor his wife who had accompanied him in that iourney endangering her owne life in loving affection saved his life and eternized her owne honour For she daily and nightly sucked out the ranke poyson which love made sweete to her and thereby effected that which no Arte durst attempt to his safety her ioy and the comfort of all England So that well woorthy was shee to be remembred by those Grosses as monuments which in steade of Statues were erected by her husband to hir honour at Lincolne Grâ—â—tham Stanford Goddington Northampton Stâ—â—y Straford Dunstaple Saint Albanes Waltham and Westminster called Charing crosse all adorned with her Armes of Castile Leon and Pontive Robert Winchelsey the Archbishop of Canterbury was banished by king Edward the first but afterward restored againe by him and all the rents that had beene sequestred during his absence repayed him whereby he became the richest Archbishop that had been in that feate before him Wherefore often recording his troubles hee woulde say Adversitie never burteth where no uniquity over-ruleâ—â— Liber Cantuar. William de March Lord Treasourer vnto king Edward the first caused all the treasure throughout all the land that was layed vppe in the Monasteries and Churches to be at one iustant violently taken away by military men saying It is better that money should be mooving and according to the name be currant and goe abroad to the vse of the people than resting in chests without fruits and occupation concurring in this last poynt with a Maxime of the Vsurers hall Of king Edward the second I finde nothing memorable but that which griefe and great indignitie wreasted from him when Corney and his rascall rabblements after his deposition would needes shave him on the way lest he should be knowne and rescewed They enforced him to sit downe vpon a mole hil and the knave Barber insulting told him that cold water taken out of the next ditch should serve for his trimming at that time Hee answered Whether you will or no there shall be warme water and therewithall hee shedding teares plentifully verified his words Thom de la More After the battell of Poitiers 〈◊〉 Lorde Audley was brought to the Blacke Prince in a Litter most grievously wounded for hee had carried himselfe most valiantly that day To whome the Prince with due commendations gave for his good service foure hundred markes of yeerely revenews The which hee returning to his tent gave as franckely to his foure Esquiers that attended him in the battell whereof when the Prince was advertised doubting that his gift was contemned as too little for so great good service the Lord Audley satisfied him with this answer I must doe for them who deserved best of me These my Esquiers saved my life
am blind I haue espâ—ed his malicious vnthankfulnesse the which I could never before perceive when my eâ—e sight was at the best And let my lord Cardinall take heede that his ambition and covetousnesse bring him not into a worse blindnesse then I have and make him fall before he feare At sir Thomas Moore his first comming to the service of King Henrie the eight the King gave him this godly lesson First looke vnto God and after vnto me He would also wish as I have heard of an ancient man of that age that his Councellers would commit simulation dissimulation and partâ—â—litie to the Porters lodge when they came to sit in councell The same King Henrie the eight finding fault with the disagreement of Preachers would often say Some are too stiffe in their olde Mumpsimus and other to busie and curious in their new Sumpsimus Happly borrowing these phrases from that which Master Pace his Secretarie reporteth in his booke De Fructu doctrinae of an old Priest in that age which alwayes read in his Portasse Mumpsimus Domine for Sumsimus whereof when he was admonished he said that he now had vsed Mumplimus thirtie yeares and would not leave his olde Mumpsimus for their new Sumpsimus A noble man of this time in contempt of learning sayd that it was for noble mens sonnes enough to winde their horne and carrie their Hauke faire and to leave studie and learning to the children of mean men To whom the foresaide Richard Pace replied Then you and other noble men must be content that your children may wind their bornes and keepe their Haukes while the children of meane men do manage matters of estate R. Pacaeus De fructu doctrinae Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester when the King would have translated him from that poore Bishopricke to a better he refused saying He would not forsake his poore little olde wife with whom he had so long lived Happly thinking of the fifteenth canon of the Nicone Councell and that of the Canonistes Matrimonium inter Episcopum Ecclesiam esse contractum c. There was a Nobleman merry conceited aud â—iotously given that having lately sold a Mannor of an hundred tenements came ruffling into the Court in a new sute saying Am not I a mightie man that beare an hundred houses on my backe Which Cardinall Wolsey hearing said You might have better employed it in paying your debts Indeede my Lord quoth he you say wel for my Lord my father owde my maister your father three half pence for a Calfs head hold here is two pence for it As Skelton iested at the Cardinal that he was descended of Sanguilâ—er hee was cast out of a Butchers stall for his father was a Butcher of Ipswich When Stephen Cardiner was advaunced vnto the Bishopricke of Winchester and sent over as Ambassadour into Fraunce with great pompâ—â— hee saide vnto an old acquaintance of his that came to take his leave of him Nowe I am in 〈◊〉 Gloria Patri Yea saide his friend and I hope â—t nunc semper Or replied the Bishop if it please the king my maister Sicut erat in principio A poore Scholler of Cambridge againe When sir Thomas Moore was Speaker of the Parliament with his wisâ—dome and eloquence hee so crossed a purpose of Cardinall Wolsey that the Cardinall in a chafe sent for him 〈◊〉 White-Hall where when he had daunced attendaunce long at length the Cardinall comming out saide in the presence of many Maister Moore I woulde you had beene at Rome when you were made Speaker of the Parliament house Hee immediately replied And if it pleased your Grace so would I for then I should have seene a famous Cittie whereof I have heard much but never sawe Vita Tho Mori impressa The same cardinal at a ful Counsel table when sir Thâ— Moore was first made privie Counseller moved that there might be a Lievteuant generall of the Realme chosen for certaine considerations and the body of the Counsell inclined thereunto Sir Thomas Moore opposed himselfe Whereuppon the Cardinall in a chafe saide Are not you ashamed who are the meanest man heere to dissent from so many honourable and wise personages you proove your selfe a plaine foole Whereunto maister Moore foorthwith aunswered Thankes be to God that the Kings maiestie hath but one foole in his right honourable Counsell Idem When hee was Lorde Chauncellour hee inioyned a Gentleman to pay a good round summe of money vnto a poore widdowe whome he had oppressed and the Gentleman saide Then I doe hope your Lordeship will give mee a good long day to pay it You shall have your request saide sir Thomas Munday next is Saint Barnabas day the longest day in all the yeere pay her mee then or else you shall kisse the Fleete When hee had no lust to growe greatly vpward in the worlde neyther would labour for office of authoritie and over that forsake a right worshipfull roome when it was offered him his wife fell in hand with him and asked him What will you do that you list not to put foorth your selfe as others doe Will you sit still by the fire and make goselings in the ashes with a sticke as children doe Woulde God I were a man and looke what I would doe What By God goe forward with the best for as my mother was wont to say It is ever more better to rule than to be ruled and therefore I warrant you I would not be so foolish to be ruled where I might rule By my trueth wife quoth he I dare say you say trueth for I never found you willing to be ruled yet He vsed when hee was Lord Chauncellor vpon every Sonday when he was at home to sitte in the Quire in his surplice and sing the Service and being one day espied in that attire by the Duke of Norffolke The Duke beganne to chafe crying Fie fie my Lorde the Lord Chauncellour of England a parish priest and a paltrie singing man you dishonour the King you dishonour the King No my Lord quoth sir Thomas it is no shame for the King if his servant serve his Soveraigne and Saviour who is King of kings During the time of his Chancellourship of England he vsed to send his Gentleman-Vsher to his wifes pew after divine service was done to tell her that he was gone but the next Sonday after hee gave vp his Chancellourship of England he came himselfe to her pew and vsed the vsuall words of his Gentleman-Vsher Madame my Lorde is gone His latter wife was a widdow of whom Erasmus writeth that hee was wont to say that shee was nec bella nec puella who as shee was a good huswife so was shee not voyde of the fault that often followeth that vertue somewhat shrewd to her servants Vppon a time sir Thomas found fault with her continuall châ—ding saying if that nothing else would reclame her yet the consideration of the time for it was Lent should restraine her Tush tush my Lord saide
honor of the name then the worth of the verse Hic iacet ingenui de Courtney gleba Roberti Militis egregij virtutum laude referti Quem genuit strenuus Reginal dus Courteniensis Qui procer eximius fuerat tunc deuoniensis A MoÌ„ke of Duresme busied his braine in nicking out these nice verses vpon the death of W. de La-march Chauncellor of England vnder king Iohn Culmina qui cupitis Laudes pompasque sititis Est sedata sitis Si me pensare velitis Qui populos regitis memores super omnia sitis Quod mors immitis non parcit honore potitis Vobis prapositis similis fucram benè scitis Quod sum vos eritis ad me currendo venitis William de valentia coÌ„monly called Valens Earle of Pembroke halfe brother to K. Henry the 3. from whom the Earles of Shrewsbury Kent and others are descended is intombed at Westminster with these ranke rimes Anglia tota doles moritur quia regia proles Qua slorere soles quam continet infima moles Guilelmus nomen insigne valentia praebet Celsum cognomen nam tale dari sibi debet Qui valuit validus vincens virtute valore Et placuit placido sensu morumque vigore Robert Grostest coÌ„monly called Robin Groshead bishop of Lincolne a most learned prelate reported by Mathew Paris to be a seuere reproouer of the Pope a fauourer of learning a searcher of scriptures a preacher of the word generally a man of great worth coÌ„manded this only to be engrauen ouer his Tombe Quis sim nosse cupis caro putrida nil nisi vermis Quisquis es hoc de me sit tibi scire satis But vpon his death this was written Rex dolet ac regnum gemit et flet Anglia tota Plebs plangit gemitus ingeminare iuuat Quippe Grosredus speculum virtutis asylum Iustâ—â—ciae Regis inchora morte iacet Non poterit tamen ille mori cui fama perorat Laus loquitur redolet fructus abundat honor Vnde 〈◊〉 tristatur homo canit Angelus inde Vnde serenantur sidera pallet humus Vpon the tombe of doctor Iohn Bekingale somtime bishop of Chichester this is engrauen which I set here for rare correspondency of the rime Tu modo qualis eris quid mundi quaeris honores Crimina deplores in me nunc te speculeris En mors ante fores quae clamitat omnibus adsum In paenis passum pro me te deprecor ores Which is the same in sence with that at Geneua VIXI VT VIVIS MORIERIS VT SVM MORTVVS SIC VITA TRVDITVR Lewes de Beaumont that learned bishop of Duresme who was preferred therunto for his affinity vnto the Queene although he could not with all his learning read this word Metropoliâ—ice at his coÌ„secration but passed it ouer with Soit pour dict and would sweare by S. Lewes that they were discourteous which set downe so many hard words in the ordering of priests had this vpon his tombe in Duresme Church where he was buried 1333. De Bello Monte iacet hic Lodouicus humatus Nobilis ex fonte regum Comitumque creatus c. King Edward the first a most worthy and mighty prince the first establisher of the kingdome of England had affixed at the Aulter of S. Edward neare his tombe at Westminster a large Epitaph in prose whereof I haue found onely this fragment Abauus autem triâ—vus eius dilatantes imperia subieâ—erunt sibi Ducatus Comitatus Edwardus vero paternarum magnificentiarum amplius aemulator existens Regaleque solium perornans in clypeo in hastà Principatum Walliae truncatis eius principibus Leclino Dauid potentissimè adquisiuit Quinimò dominium regni Scotiae primò magni industria consilij de inde virtute bellorum victoriosissimè est adeptus Nihilominus Comitatibus Cornubiae Northfolke disponente â—o cuius est orbis terrae plenitudo eius ad manus Edwardi mirabilitèr deuolutis suis successoribus amplissimam reliquit materiam gloriandi Vbicunque igitur Christus habet nomen inter praecellentissimos reges fidelium habeat Edwardus honorem The famous K. Edward the 3. which had so great victories ouer the French to the greater glory than good of England as some say is entombed at Westminster with this Hic decus Anglorum slos regum praeteritorum Fama futurorum rex clemens pax populorum Tertius Eduardus regni complens Iubilaum Robert Hawley a valiant Esquire was murthered in Westminster Church in seruice time where he had taken sanctuary and is there buried in the place where he was first assaulted with these verses Me dolus ira furor multorum militis atque in hoc gladiis celebri pietatis asylo Dum leuita Dei sermones legit ad aram Proh dolor ipse meo Monachorum sanguine vultus Aspersi moriens chorus est mihi testis in â—uum Et me nunc retinet sacer hic locus Hawle Robertum Hic quia pestiferos malè sensi primitùs hostes Famous is L. Siccinius Dentatus who serued in an hundred and twentie battailes And glorious is Henry the third Emperour who fought 62. battailes and likewise honourable should the memory be of Sir Mathew Gâ—urnay out Countriman of whose house Sir H. Newton is descended which commaunded in 6. battailes was buried at Stoke Hamden in Somersetshire with this French memoriall now defaced Icy gist le noble valient Cheualer Maheâ— de Gurnay iadis seneschall de Landes Capitayn du Chastell d'Aques pro nostre Signior le Roy en la Duche de Guien que in sa viâ— fu a la battaile de Benamazin a la pres a la siege de Algezir sur le Sarazines auxi a les battayles de Scluse de Cressy de Ingenesse de Poyters de Nazara c. Obijt 96. aetatis 26. Septemb. 146. Henry Chichely although he was founder of All Soules Colledge in Oxford and an especiall furtherer of learning was but little honoured by this vnlearned Epitaph 1443. Pauper eram natus post Primas his releuatus Iam sum prostratus vermibus esca paratus Ecce meum tumulum His next successour one Iohn Kempe happened vpon a better Poet who in one verse comprehended all his dignities which were great Thomas Kempe Bis Primas ter praesul erat bis cardine functus For he was Bishop of Rochester Chichester and London Archbishop of Yorke then of Canterbury and Cardinall first Deacon than Priest This that followeth is engrauen about a faire tombe in a goodly Chappell adioyning to the Quire of Saint Maries Church in Warwick being a worthy monument of so noble a person since whose time although but late you may obserue a great change both of the heyres of his house and the vse of words in this Epitaph Pray deuoutly for the soule whome God assoâ—le of one of the most worshipfull Knights in his dayes of manhood and cunning Richard Bâ—auchampe late Earle of Warwicke Lord dispenser
letter or two so that words nicking and resembling one the other are appliable to diffrent significations As the Almightie if we may heerein vse sacred authority in ratification of his promise to the seede of Isaac changed Abram ⸫ High father into Abraham that is father of many and Sarai that is my Dame into Sara that is Lady or Dame The Greekes to omit infinite others nicked Antiochus Epiphanes that is the famous with Epinanes that is the furious The Romans likewise played with bibbing Tiberius Nero calling him Biberius Mero So Tully called the extorting Verres in the actions against him Verrens as Sweepe-all So in Quintilian the sower fellow Placidus was called Acidus and of late one called Scaliger Aliger Excellent is that which our countriman Reverend Beda reporteth in his Ecclesiasticall History of England of the cause that mooved Gregory the Great to send Augustine into England On a time as I shewed before when he saw beautifull boyes to be sold in the market at Rome and demanded by what name their Nation was called and they told him English-men and iustly be they so called quoth he for they have Angelike faces and seeme meete to be made Coheirs with the Angells in heaven After when it was tolde him that their King was called Alla then said he ought Alleluya to be sung in that Country to the praise of their Creatour when it was also signified vnto him they were borne in a part of the Kingdome of Northumberland called then Deira now Holdernesse Deira Dei then said he sunt liberandi Laurens Archbishop which succeeded that Augustine was by allusion called Lauriger Mellitus Mellifluus Brith-wald Bright-world Nothelhelme Noble-helme Celnothuâ— Caelo natus all archbishops of Canterbury And such like were framed out of the names of many English Confessours which I omit Arletta the good wench which so kindely entertained Robert Duke of Normandy when he begate of her William the Conquerour as I had rather you should read in others then heare of me was for his honesty closely with an aspiration called Harlot But the good and learned Recorder would say that this name beganne from her and in honour of her was appropriated by the Normans in England to all of her kinde profession and so continueth When Herbert first Bishop of Norwich and founder of the Cathedrall Church there had simoniacally procured that Bishopricke to himselfe and the Abbacy of Winchester to his father they were alluded vpon by the name of Simon in the worst sence in this verse Filius est Praesul pater Abbas Simon vterque Strong and suddaine was that Allusion of Gilbert Folioth Bishop of Hereford who when hee had incurred the hatred of many for opposing himselfe against Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury one câ—â—ed with a lowd voyce at his chamber windowe at mid-night Folieth â—olioth thy god is the goddesse Azaroth Hee suddenly and stowtly replied Thou list fowle feind my God is the God of Sabaoth Hitherto may be referred that which Giraldus Cambrensis reporteth An Archdeacon named Peccâ—tum or Peche a rurall Deane called De vill a Iew travailing together in the Marches of Wales when they came to Illustrate the Archdeacon said to his Deane that their Iurisdiction began there reached to Malpasse The Iew considering the names of the Deane Archdecon limits said by Allusion Marvaile may it be if I scape well out of this Iurisdiction where Sinne is Archdeacon the Divell the Deane and the bounds Illustrate with Malpasse Alexander Nequam a man of great learning borne at Saint Albanes and desirous to enter into religion there after hee had signified his desire writ to the Abot Laconically Si vis veniam sin autem tu autem Who answered as briefly alluding to his name Si bonus sis venias si Nequam nequaquam Wherevpon he changed his name to Neckam Philip Rependum Abbot of Leicester alluded thus vpon the name of Neckam Es niger nequam cùm sis cognomine Neckam Nigrior esse potes nequior esse nequis But hee repaied him with this re-allusion vppon the name of Philipp Phinota faetoris lippus malus omnibus horis c. A London Poet dallied thus with the name of Fustachius when he was preferred from Treasurer of the Exchequer to be Bishop of London 1222. which was thought a great preferment in that age Eustachi nupèr benè stabas nunc benè stabis Ille status valuit praevalet iste tamen Robert Passelve an especiall favorite of Henry the third afterward by a court-tempest so shaken as he was glad to be Parson of Derham in Norfolke was alluded vnto while he was in the Sun-shine by Passâ—le-eau as surpassing the pure water the most excellent element of all if you beleeve Pindar This Allusion was composed to the honour of a religious man called Robertus resolving it into Ros Ver Thus. Tu benè Robertus quasi Ros Ver Thusque vocaris Ros sata ver flores Thus hâ—locausta facit Sic tu Ros Ver Thus geris haec tria Ros sata verbi Ver floris morum Thus holocausta precum Vpon the same another framed this Robertus titulo dotatur triplice Roris Temperie Veris dulcedine Thuris odore Vpon the same name and invention I have also found this Es benè Ros Ver Thus Ros es qùod nectare stillas Ver qùod flore vires Thus quia mente sapis Ros inquam Ver Thus Ros qui dulcedine stillat Ver quod flore nitet Thus quod odore sapit Nam qùod tu sis Ros Ver Thus perhibet tua Roris Temperies Veris gratia Thuris odor Vpon the same name Robertus an other made Robur Thus with this Distiche Tu benè Robertus quasi Robur Thus benè Robur Nam virtute vigâ—s Thus quia mente sapis When Pandulphus the Popes Nuncio came into England a scholler smoothed him with this foolish allusion Te totum dulcor perfundit indè vocaris Pandulphus quid Pan nisi totum Dul nisidulcor Phuâ— nisi fusus id est totus dulcedine fusus One in a dedication alluded vnto Roger an Ecclesiasticall peâ—son in this verse Qui Cleri Rogere Rosam geris annno vati A poore Poet begging of one whose name was Iohn which is in Hebrew The grace of God begged of him by praising his name in this manner Nomen habes non immeritò Divina Iohannes Gratia voce sua conveniente rei Ergo vel gratus summo vel gratia summi Es pro parte meâ casus vterque facit Si summo gratus ergo pietatis alumnus Ergo pauperibus ferre teneria apem Another played vpon the name of Turbervill when practising with the French he plaied false with his Soveraigne K. Edward the first Turbat tranquilla clà m Thomas Turbida Vilâ—a These may seeme over many in so slight a matter yet I will in respect of the persons offer you two or three more to be regarded William Lord Montiâ—y famous for
his learning great Grandfather to the honourable Charles now Earle of Denshire who is no lesse famous for his vertue and hereditary love of learning when hee was the Queenes Chamberlaine in an Epistle to Erasmus called king Henry the eight Octavius for Octavus resembling him thereby to Octavius Augustus the onely mirror of Princely vertues Lady Iane Grey daughter to the Duke of Suffolke who payde the pâ—â—ce of others ambition with her bloud for her excellency in the Greeke tongue was called for Greia Graia and this made to her honour in that respect Miraris Ianam Craio sermone valere Quo nata est primùm tempore Crata fuit When the duke of Buckingham was put to death by the practise of cardinall Wolsey a Butchers sonne the Emperour Charles the fift saide It was great pitty that so faire and goodly a Bucke should be woried to death by a Buchers curre alluding either to the name of Buckingham or to a Bucke which was a badge of honour to that familie Domingo a Spaniard in the time of Queene Mary offended with an Englishman that called him Domingus tolde him hee was Dominicuâ— but hee was I assure you more highly offended when hee after for Dominicus called him Dâ—moniacuâ— In the beginning of her late Maiesties raigne one alluded to her name Elisabetha with Illasa-Beata that is Safe without hurt and happy The sense whereof as the Almightie by his fatherly mercy performed in her person so shee by her motherly providence vnder God effected in this realme in blisfull peace and plenty whereas contrariwise other conâ—ining Regions have beene overwhelmed with all kinde of miseries The cause whereof one in this last French broyles referred by Allusion to Spania and Mania two Greeke words signifying Panury and Furie but implying therein closely the late King of Spaine and duke du Maine Rebus or Name-devises MAny approoved customes lawes maners fashions and phrases have the English alwayes borrowed of their neighbours the French especially since the time of King Edward the Confessour who resided long in Fraunce and is charged by Historians of his time to have returned from thence wholy Frenchified then by the Norman Conquest which immediately ensued after by the honourable aliances of the Kings of England with the most renowned families yea and with the verie royall house of Fraunce But after that the triumphant victorious king Edward the third had traversed Fraunce with his victories and had planted English colonies in Calice Havres and Guynes our people bordering vpon the pregnant Picardes beganne to admire their fooleries in painted Poesies For whereas a poesie is a speaking picture and a picture a speechlesse Poesie they which lackt wit expresse their conceit in speech did vse to depâ—int it out as it were in pictures which they called Rebus by a Latine name well fitting their devise These were so well liked by our English there and sent hither over the streight of Callice with full saile were so entertained heere although they were most ridiculous by all degrees by the learned and vnlearned that he was no body that coulde not hammer out of his name an invention by this wit-craft and picture it accordingly whereupon who did not busie his braine to hammer his devise out of this forge Sir Thomas Cavall whereas Cavall signifieth an horse engraved a gallopping horse in his scale with 〈◊〉 limping verse Thomae credite cùm cernitis eius equum So Iohn Eagleshead as it seemeth to notifie his name about his Armes as I have seene in an olde Sâ—ale with an Eagles head set downe this Hoc aquila caput est signumque figura Iohannis The Abbot of Ramsey more wisely sette in his Seale a Ramme in the sea with this verse to shew hee was a right ramme Cuius signa gero dux gregis est vt ego William Chaundler Warden of New colledge in Oxford playing with his owne name so filled the hall-windowes with candles and these wordes Fiat lux that hee darkened the hall Whereuppon the Vidam of Charters when hee was there saide It should have bin Fiant tenebrae Did not that amorous Youth mystically expresse his love to Rose Hill whome hee courted when in the border of his painted cloth hee caused to be painted as rudely as he devised grosely a rose an hill an eye a loafe a well that is if you will spell it Rose-Hill I love well You may imagine that Frauncis Cornâ—field did scratch his elbow when hee hadde sweetely invented to signifie his name Saint Francis with his Frierly kowle in a corne-field It may seeme doubtfull whether Bolton Prior of Saint 〈◊〉 In Smithfield was vviser vvhen hee invented for his name a bird bolt through a Tâ—nne or when hee built him an house vppon Harrow Hill for feare of an mundation after a great coniunction in the watry Triplicitie Islip Abbot of Westminster a man most favored by king Henry the seavenâ—h had a quadruple devise for his single name for somewhere hee sâ—tte vppe in his windowes an â—ie with a slip of a tâ—ee other places one slipping boughs in a tree in other places an I wiâ—h the saide slip and in some places one slipping from a tâ—ee with the woorde Islip Whosoever devised for Thomas Earle of Arundell a capitall A in a Rundle wherewith hee decked an house which hee built did thinke I warrant you that hee did the Nobleman great honour No lesse did he 〈◊〉 his invention which for sir Anthony Wingfield devisedâ— Wing with these foure letters F E L D quarterly about it and over the Wing a crosse to shew he was a Christian and on the crosse a red rose to shew that the followed the house of Lancaster Morton Archbishop of Canterbury a man of great wisedome and borne to the vniversall good of this realme was content to vse Mor vppon a Tunne and sometime a Mulbery tree called Morus in Latine out of a Tunne So Luton Thorneton Ashton did notifie their names with a Lute a Thorne an Ash vpon a Tunne So an Haâ—â— on a bottle for Harebottle a Maggot-pie vppon a goate for Pigot an Hare by a sheafe of â—e in the Sunne for Harrison Med written on a calfe for Medcalfe Chester a chest with a Starre over it Allet a Lot Lionel Duckes a Lion with L. on his head whereas it should have beene in his 〈◊〉 If the Lion had beene eating a ducke it had beene a raâ—e devise woorth a duckat or ducke-egge And if you require more I referre you to the witty inventions of some I â—â—doners but that for Garret Dews is most memorable two in agarret casting Dews at dice. This for Rebus may suffice and yet if there were more I thinke some lips would like such kinde of Lettice In parte to excuse them yet some of the greatest Romans were alittle blasted with this fooleriâ— if you so censure it Our great Maister Cicero in a dedication of his to his gods inscribed Marcus 〈◊〉 and that 〈◊〉 pulse lesse than 〈…〉 call I thinke