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A65093 The works of the famous antiquary, Polidore Virgil containing the original of all arts, sciences, mysteries, orders, rites, and ceremonies, both ecclesiastical and civil : a work useful for all divines, historians, lawyers, and all artificers / compendiously English't by John [i.e. Thomas] Langley.; De rerum inventoribus. English Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581. 1663 (1663) Wing V596; ESTC R28374 121,672 340

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The Crouch or Crosse Friers began about the year of our Lord 1215. by the device of Syracus Bishop of Jerusalem which shewed Helen mother of Constantine where the Crosse lay hid and in memorial of the Cross he caused this brotherhood and Colledge of Friers to bear the Cross and yet they never knew what the Cross weighed in their bodies or in their hearts and forasmuch as they were sore wasted Innocentius the third renewed the Religion CHAP. IV. Black and Grey-Fryers the Trinity-order● Brigidians Jesuits new Hermites and Bonhomes ABout the time of Innocentius the third arose two famous founders of two superstitious Sects I mean Dominick the Spaniard and Francis the Italian of the Country of Vmbria Dominick at the first was a Canon but because he could not suffer to have a superiour and was also weary of the Cloyster he invented a new fraternity named Dominicans Black-Fryers or Fryers-Preachers because they had the charge to preach the Gospel without mixture of any Pharisaical leven The new guise of their Vesture made innocent Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the third by his Bull honourably admitted them the year of our Lord 1220 and Gregory the 9th put the matter all out of doubt canonized Dominick and by his Bull under Lead allowed him for a Saint Frances that was first of the Friers Augustines thinking that sect not to be sufficiently furnished with Hypocrisie began a new trade of living in the Mount Appenninus in a place named commonly Laverna doubtless a ground worthy for such a foundation as was beside the Word of God it was set up in the time of Honorius aforesaid They were named Minoribes of the humility and lowliness of heart that they should have but that was smally regarded and farthest from their study Two years after the year of our Lord God 1229 Francis was sanctified by Gregory and made a Saint Francisoans afterward fell at contention for the rules of their profession They that failed somewhat of the unperfect perfection of them retained the name of Minorites still the other entituled themselves Observants more worthy to be called Obstinate The latter fellows were brought in●o England by King Edward the 4th and were greatly inhanced by the famous Prince King Henry the 7th At the same time was Clara the Virgin Countrey-woman to Saint Francis which was a great Foundress of Nuns of the same Rule that Francis gave his Covent of them sprung the bastard Penitencers in the dayes of John the 22 and the year of our Lord 1315. The Order of the Trinity under Innocentius was begun by John Matta and Felix Anachorita in France in the County of Meldine Then also was founded or else not long after in the time of Martin the fourth the Religion of Virgins or Servants by one Philip of Florencia a Physitian and Benedict the 11th confirmed it in the year of our Lord 385. The Order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a Widow that was Princess of Sueta under Vrban the 5th in the year of our Lord 1370 it was as well of men as women albeit they dwelt severally by themselves The Family of Jesuits was the Invention of Johannes Columbinus in the City of Senes in the time of the same Urban the year of our Lord 1368 they were no Priests nor consecrated persons but were men of the lay sort given and addicted to prayer and had the name of Jesuits because that name of Jesus should be often in their mouth they be much like to our Beads-men in England The Sect of new Hermites began in Urbin a City in Italy in the Countrey of Umbria where Polidore Virgil was born and was the device of one Petrus an Hetrurian and they had in the same City a goodly Hospitall or Guild-Hall The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmund son of Richard Earl of Cornwall which was brother to Henry the third and was elected King of the Romans and heir apparent to the Empire by the principal Electors about the year of our Lord 1257. The speciall head place of that Religion was Astrige where the noble King Henry the eighth hath now a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the bloud of our Saviour as it was said into the Realm CHAP. V. The original of sacred Knights and white sect WHilest the City of Jerusalem before our Christian men had conquered it in the year of our Lord 1099 was in subjection to the Saracens the Latine Christians that lived there tributaries purchased a licence to build near unto the Holy Sepulchre dwelling houses and among other they made an Hospital of our Lady to receive the strange Pilgrims and appointed a Provost to entertain them This was in Silvester the first his time the year of our Lord three hundred twenty and four and renewed the year of Christ one thousand three hundred ninety and seven in the time of Celestine the third Bishop of Rome After the pattern of this house was devised a like house of Virgins in memorial of Mary Magdalen to receive the Women that resorted thither It began in the 2d Vrbanes dayes the year of our Lord 1099. Notwithstanding because the multitude of Latine Pilgrimes waxed very great they builded three Hospitals of Saint John Baptist as some say Albeit some think it was of John Eleemosinarius that was the Patriarch of Alexandria in the reign of the Emperour Phocas This Sect one Gerardus adorned with a white Cross in a black vesture grand Captain of these Knights was Ramundus when Clement the fifth had the See of Rome about the year of our Lord 1310 yet some affirm that the beginning of them was in the 3d Alexanders dayes the year of Christ one thousand one hundred seventy and nine and they be called of the order of Saint John or Knights of the Rhodes because they won the Rhodes from the Turks which afterwards they lost again in January in the year of our Salvation one thousand five hundred twenty three albeit they did long defend it manfully The Temples order was begun in Gelasius the second his dayes in the year of Christs Incarnation one thousand one hundred twenty and eight by Hugo Paganus and Gaufridus de sancto Alexandro they were named Templers because they kept in a part of the buildings near to the Temple they kept Bernardus rule in their living But Clement the fifth deposed them partly for that they renounced the Faith and conspired with the Turks and partly for other notable crimes The order of Teutonicks or Dutch Lords began in Jerusalem by a Dutch man whose name is not known Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christs Cross it began in the dayes of Clement the third the year of Christs incarnation 1190. Petrus Ferdinandus a Spaniard began the order of Saint James Knights that lived after St Austins rule under Alexander the third and in the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and sixty in the same
manners and rules of living confirmed with three vows that is chastity willfull poverty and obedience because they should all together mortify their own will and lusts These three forenamed Vows Basilius Bishop of Caesaria did first institute and publish in the year of our Lord 383. And also assign the year of probation or Trial that Religious persons had before they were professed The Order of Cluniacenses were ordained by one Odon an Abbot at Masticense a Village of Burgundy And William Duke of Aquitane gave them an House the year of our Lord 916. in the time of Sergius the third Not long after the Religion of Camaldimenses was begun by Romoaldus of Ravenna in the Mount Apenninus the year of our Lord 850. They kept perpetual silence every Wednesday and Friday they Fast they eat bread and water they go barefoot and lye on the ground In a part of the same Mountain called Vallis Umbrosa or the shadowed Valley in the year of Christs incarnation 1040. under Gregory the sixth John Gualbert began a new sect of Monks and named them of the place where the Abbey stood the Shadowed-Valley Order The Monks of Olivet sprung up as a fruit of disorder the same year that the variance was among the three Bishops and were instituted by Barnardus Ptolomous the year of Christ 1407. under Gregory the 12th The Faction of Grandimoniensers began by Steven of Avern in Aquitane or Guyen the year of our Lord 1076 under Alexander the second and had their Title of the Mountain where their Abbey stood A little after the same time Robert Abbot of Molisme in Cistersium a Forrest in Burgundy did institute the order of Cistercians albeit some ascribe this to one Ordingus a Monk that perswaded Robert to the same about the year of our Lord 1098. under Urbane the second Of this Religion was that great Clerk St. Bernard Almost an hundred years after this in the year of our Lord 1166. The order of Humiliates was devised by certain persons exiled by Fredericus Barbarussa which when they were restored to their Countrey apparelled themselves in white and lived by a kind of Vow in Prayers Penury and working wool and were admitted by Innocentius the third and other his successours Celestines were founded by Celestinus the fifth of that name Bishop of Rome in the year of our Lord 1198. In England Saint Gilbert at Tirington and Sempringham began an order called after him Gilbertines in the time of Engenius the fourth the year of Christs Incarnation 1148. The Justinians were invented by Lewis Barbus a Re●igious man of Venice in the Abbey of Saint Justine at Padua the year of our Salvation 1412 in the dayes of John the 24th There were also Orders of Nuns devised after the same Rules of Superstition as the other be CHAP. III. Of the Hieronymians Canons Charterhouse-Monks White-Fryers Crouch-Friers with others HIeronymians had their beginning of Saint Hierome which leaving his Native Country went into Jewry and there not far from Bethlehem builded him an house where he lived very devoutely the latter end of his life in the time of Innocentius the seventh the year of our Lord 1405. After his example other counterfeited a resemblance of perfection naming themselves Hieronymians wearing their clothes of white and a cope plaited above over their Coat girt with a lether girdle There were also certain Hermites called Hieronymians of the Foundation of one Charls Granel of Florence which made himself an Hermite of the same Religion in the Mountains of Fessulus Others there be that say one Redo Earl of Mount Granel did institute them in Fessulus in the time of Gregory the twelfth Yet there be some that say that the original of this brother-hood was instituted of Hierome in a Desart and that Eusebius of Cremona with other devout and holy men which kept conversation with him did enlarge and augment the family of that professión As concerning the Channons Reguler there be two opinions for some say that Augustine by and by after he was created Bishop brought his Channons in this rule and form of living wherein they have been so long trained and nusled up other some brag and make their vaunt that it was devised of the Apostles and of this opinion was Thomas Aquinas But Augustine was doubtlesse either the inventour of the Sect or renewer of it and therefore may be justly taken for an Author of that Faction and so was he likewise of Augustine Hermites The Channons cloathing was a white Coat and a linnen rochet under a black cope with a Scapular to cover their head and shoulders The Hermites have a contrary vesture a black coat with a scapular and another coat of white and a Lether Girdle Of these there were divers other orders As the order of St. Saviour of the Scopettines which were ordained by Steven and James two men of Scenes in the time of Urbane the fifth the year of Christ 1370. And Gregory the 11th by his consent confirmed them in their Hypocrisy The Frisonaries is another Order which began among the Hetrurians in the County of Luces that be otherwise called Lateranenses by the device of James Brixian in the time of John the 24th the year of Christ 1412 and they were amplified and increased by Eugenius the 4th The third Order is titled the brethren of St Gregory de Alga This was ordained at Venice by Laurence Justinian in the time of Innocentius the seventh in the year of our Lord 1407. with divers other Orders which forasmuch as they rose suddenly I will omit Bruno of Collen that sometime read the Philosophy Lecture at Paris did institute the Charterhouse Monks in the Diocesse of Gracionopolis at a place named Carthusia in the year of our Lord one thousand and eighty under Gregory the seventh Their life was outwardly full of painted holinesse in forbearing Flesh Fasting bread and water every Friday full of solitarinesse much silence ever pinned in and women were banished out of the house with other semblable Ceremonies The Carmelites or white Friers were as some say begun in Mount Carmelus after the example of Elias the Prophet which lived there long solitary that they were first assembled together by Almericus Bishop of Antioch the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and seventy in the time of Alexander the third and they were also called our Lady Friers of a Chappel of our Lady that was in the Hill Carmelus Neverthelesse about four hundred years after in the time of Innocentius the third they were reformed by Albertus Bishop of Hierusalem according to the rule of Basilius and the colour of their coat was turned into white by Honorius the third where before it was Russet The other of Premonstratenses was instituted in the Diocesse of Laudune by Northbergus a Priest and the Precepts of that covent were gathered out of St Augustines rules and admitted for good by Calixtus the second in the year of our Lord 1120.