shall subscribe for ten compleat Books shall for the same price have eleven compleat Books in Quires deliver'd to him IX Because several Gentlemen do complain that they have been deceived by several Proposers in this nature therefore for the punctual performance of what is here undertaken the Bookseller Moses Pitt has already given sufficient Security to Sir Joseph Williamson one of his Majesties Principal Secretaries of State and President of the Royal Society for performance of his Engagement and Proposals X. It is requested that every Subscriber to this great Undertaking would be pleased to set down the County and place of his Habitation together with directions how to send to him to the end that notice may be given him according as the Work goes forwaad WHereas his most Sacred Majesty has been Graciously pleased for the promoting of this Design to permit that his Collections of Maps and Descriptions of Countries may be perused that such of them as have not yet been published and are thought proper for this work may be taken into it and whereas his Royal Highness and his Highness Prince Rupert have been also pleased to promise the same favour and the like has been done by the Right Honorable Sir Joseph Williamson one of his Majesties Principal Secretaries of State and President of the Royal Society and also by the most learned Dr. Isaac Vossius who is pleased to communicate his most copious and exquisite Collections and it is hoped that the same will be done by several other persons of Honour and Quality therefore it is humbly desired that all Gentlemen who have any particular Maps or Relations of new Discoveries or any more perfect descriptions of places already known would be pleased to send the same to the said Moses Pitt who will give sufficient security for the safe return of the same unprejudiced and if they shall be thought proper by the persons hereafter mentioned to be inserted he will take care that it shall be done and that the obligation shall be thankfully acknowledged in such manner as shall be to their own best satisfaction May 3 1678. WE whose names are here subscribed not doubting but that this Work will be of great Use and for the Honour of the Nation and being desired by Moses Pitt to give him our Assistance that he may be the better enabled to perform it do promise that we will from time to time at spare hours both give our Advice for the carrying on of the Work and further since he offers to refer himself to us in divers of his Proposals we will observe how he makes them good and give an account thereof to Sir Joseph Williamson President of the Royal Society or to the President of the said Society for the time being Chr. Wren Isaac Vossius John Pell W. Lloyd Tho. Gale Rob. Hook UPon perusing these preceding Proposals we whose Names are underwritten well approving and highly commending this Design of the said Moses Pitt do for his encouragement not only subscribe our selves for one or more Copies of the said Book but also do recommend so Noble and Useful a Design to the rest of the Nobility and Gentry throughout his Majesties Dominions The KING' 's most Excellent Majesty The QUEEN'S Majesty His Royal Highness the Duke of YORK Her Royal Highness the Dutchess of YORK Her Highness the Lady ANN. His Highness CHARLES-LEWIS Elector Palatine of the RHINE His Highness Prince RUPERT JAMES late Lord Archbishop of St. Andrews ALEXANDER Ld. 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Haak Esq of London Henry Hall Esq John Hall Esq John Hall Esq Will. Hammond Esq of St. Albons in Kent Sir Will Halford of Welham in Leicestersh Tho. Halsey Esq of Great Gudsden in Herf Tim. Halton D. D. Provost of Queens Coll. Oxon. and Vice-Chancellor John Hampden Esq of Hambden in Bucks Robert Hampson Serjeant at Law of the Inner Temple Sr. Tho. Hare Bar. of Stow-Hall Norf. Edward Harris John Hartcliffe Fellow of Kings Coll. Camb. George Hascard D. D. Rector of St. Clements Danes in London John Harvey Esq Sir Will. Haslewood of Maidwell in North. Henry Hawley Esq of Branford Middles Israel Hayes Metchant in Amstetdam
20 Zottl 22 51 00 29 10 Zottsted 22 51 10 28 20 Zottwitz 28 51 10 34 15 Zschimichen 22 50 50 29 30 Zubern 26 51 40 32 20 Zublow 10 13 53 00 32 10 Zuchou 22 50 50 29 20 Zuck 40 41 43 47 55 24 20 Zuckmante 1 24 30 50 10 34 30 Zuenicke 22 33 50 20 29 40 Zuffenhausen 45 48 35 25 50 Zug 38 46 40 24 40 Zuger See 38 46 40 24 40 Zhurstein 32 49 20 33 20 Zukleibe 23 51 40 32 00 Zulauff 24 25 51 30 34 00 Zulberg 22 50 20 29 00 Zule 0 53 30 28 10 Zullich 10 135 52 10 33 00 Zullichaw 24 25 36 52 10 32 20 Zulichendorff 10 12 52 40 30 20 Zulin 10 125 52 50 29 50 Zultenhagen 12 52 30 30 40 Zultz 24 50 20 34 00 Zumflin 22 50 30 29 30 Zumloch 38 50 20 23 20 Zumsw 42 48 15 24 â—5 Zumteich 20 51 40 28 50 Zuntzen 41 43 47 40 24 05 Zuntzentorf 41 48 40 24 05 Zuatlangenhain 19 51 10 26 40 Zur 16 52 10 25 50 Zur fl 41 48 40 24 20 Zurbach 40 48 10 24 30 Zurich 1 38 47 00 25 00 Zuricher 38 46 40 25 00 Zurlag 41 42 44 48 10 24 25 Zurlein 38 50 00 23 20 Zurlied 16 52 15 26 20 Zurmarhausen 01 48 10 27 30 Zurmulen 05 53 25 25 20 Zurzach 38 41 47 20 24 45 Zusweier 40 41 43 44 48 15 24 25 Zuten 10 12 52 00 31 00 Zutern 38 39 45 49 00 25 10 Zutphen 38 52 00 22 00 Zutzevitz 08 53 40 33 00 Zuverhusen 16 52 30 25 50 Zuyder Elbe 03 53 45 26 30 Zuyder gronden 3 4 53 45 24 00 Zuyder Zee 1 38 52 40 21 10 Zweckfrontze 27 51 35 33 40 Zwehofel 28 51 00 34 15 Zweibrucken 39 49 10 23 40 Zweidorf 16 52 15 27 10 Zweilitschinnen 38 46 00 24 00 Zwenfurt 22 51 20 29 30 Zwenick 22 50 30 29 50 Zwerbenberg 45 48 25 25 10 Zwergen 16 51 20 26 20 Zwetel 33 48 30 31 30 Zwettenicht 23 51 25 32 10 Zwetzen 15 51 00 28 20 Zweybrodt 28 51 05 34 05 Zwicka 22 33 50 30 29 10 Zwlckaw 22 50 40 29 30 Zwidel 33 48 50 30 20 Zwiebrucken 38 49 00 23 40 Zwifalten 45 48 05 26 10 Zwifalten Torst 35 48 05 26 00 Zwikowetz 33 49 50 30 40 Zwingr 40 48 00 24 25 Zwirzetitz 2 33 50 20 31 50 Zwitta 32 49 30 33 30 Zwitta fl 32 49 20 33 40 Zwole 32 49 40 33 50 Zwoleniowe 2 33 50 00 31 00 Zwoll 38 52 40 22 00 Zwyckow 2 33 50 40 31 30 Zwynge fl 04 54 00 25 40 Zypel 15 52 10 28 40 Zyra 22 50 30 29 00 Additional Subscribers since the Publishing of the first Volume of the Atlas MICHAEL Lord Arch-Bishop of ARMAGH Lord Primate and Lord Chancellor of Ireland Earl of ARRAN Eldest Son to D. Hamilton Earl of ANNANDALL in Scotland Sir Joseph Ash of Twittenham in Middlesex Richard Atkins of Newport-Pagnell Esq Sir Robert Atkins Tho. Allen M. D. and Fellow of the Colledge of Physitians London Ashburnham Esq Sir Thomas Allen of Sumirliton-Hall Suff. John Berkly Esq Robert Berkly Esq Nich. Barbon M. D. London Roger Braddyl of London Esq Sir John Brownlow Tho. Buck of Westwick Cambridge sh Esq David Bruce M. D. London Sir Will. Barkham of Norfolk Baronet Charles Cockaine Esq Son and Heir to Obrian Vicount Cullen of Righton Northampton shire Sir Charles Caesar of Benington Hartford sh Sir Robert Cotton of Hattly St. George in Bedford shire Baronet Sam. Craddock B. D. of Wickhambrook Suff. JAMES Lord Duffes of Scotland The Honourable MARGARET Danby Widdow Sir Will. Domvile his Majesties Attorney General in Ireland Duncan d ee of the Inner Temple Esq Davis M. D. of Exeter John Donelan of the County of Galaway in Ireland Esq Peter Falaiseau Esq Fergus Faril of the County of Longford in Ireland Esq Ford Esq Andrew Forrester Esq Secretary to the Duke of Lauderdale Henry Ferneley of Dublin in Ireland Esq Henry Goldwell Esq Jo. Goodwin Rector of East Barnet Harfordshire Sir Henry Gough of Pury-Hall Stafford-sh LEWIS Gordon Marquis of Huntley James Griffin Esq Tho. Groundes Esq JOHN Lord Haughton eldest Son to the Earl of Clare Sir PHILIP Howard Coll. and Capt. of the Queens Troops of his Majesties Guards John Goven of Scotland Esq Husbands Esq in Barbados John Hillersden of the Inner Temple Esq Will. Hyde of Langtoft Lincoln-shire Esq John Horne Esq Sir John Hobart of Norfolk Baronet Holt of Brazen-nose Coll. Oxon. Tho. Ibbot Rector of Beecham-wells Norf. JOHN Earl of Kildare in Ireland Tho. Ken D. D. Chaplain to her Highness the Princess of Orange Sir Will. Litton of Harfordshire John Launce Merchant in Marseille Tho Lardners Citizen of London Oliver Long Captain of a Company in his Majestie Foot-Guards in Ireland ALEX. Stuart Earl of Murray Sir Tho. Murray Lord Register of Scotland Christopher Merret M. D. of the Colledge of Physitians London Streynsham Master Esq Agent for the East-India Company in the East Indies John Madden of Dublin Ireland Esq Patrick Murray of Scotland Esq RODERICK Mackenzie of Scotland Esq Mayor Aldermen and Common Council of the City of Norwich Jerome Neschu Esq Secretary to her Royal Highness EARL of Panmeur Lord PITMEDEN of Scotland Will. Pincke of London John Parr Citizen of London Sir John Parsons Knight and Baronet Will. Prince Esq Gentleman-Usher to her Royal Highness Richard Palfrey of Dublin Ireland Esq Henry Parker Esq Secretary to the Lord Bishop of London Will. Paynter Fellow of Exeter Coll. Oxon. Sir John Parker of Dublin in Ireland Francis Puy of Isham Northamptonsh Esq JOHN Earl of Rutland ALEX. Lord Bishop of Ross in Scotland Matthew Reeve Goldsmith in Bath Charles Roderick of Eaton Charles Rogers Esq Gentleman-Usher to her Majesty Jo. Speccott Esq of Penble Cornwal Jo. Stronge of Trinity Coll. Cambridge Jo. Staindbrook of Westminster Will. Stokeham M. D. London Stephens Fellow of Exeter Coll. Oxon. Sir Tho. Spencer of Yarnton Bar. Oxfordsh Sir Edward Smith of Hill-Hall Bar. Essex Sir Bryon Stapleton of Milton Bar. Yorkshire Ralph Stowell of Lawham Esq Somersetshire Tho. Sampson Citizen of London James Scott Esq in Bristol Scotland Will. Strickland Esq of Exon. Coll. Oxon. Sir Jo. Topham one of the Masters in Chancery in Ireland Sigismund Trafford of Lincolnshire Esq Trinity Coll. in Dublin Ireland Charles Toriano of London Merchant Sir Edward Villiers Peter Vande-Putt Merchant in London Usher Esq of Ireland HENEAGE Earl of Winchelsea OTHER Windesser Esq Philip Ward Esq Sir George Walker of Bushy-Hall Harfordsh Savil Whittle Chyrurgion to his Majesty Waterhouse M. D. of Exon. Devonsh Will. Warder of Westminster Esq Rob. Warden of Chester Esq Dean and Chapter of Worcester Charles Willoughby M. D. of Dublin in Ireland Edw. Wright of Scotland Esq JOHN Lord Yester of Scotland Benj. Young Minister of Enfield Middlesex Books Printed at the Theatre in Oxford since the Publishing of the first Volume of the Atlas And are to be sold by Moses Pitt at the Angel in St. Paul's Church-Yard London A Short View of the late Troubles in England briefly setting forth their Rise Growth and Tragical Conclusion As also some Parallel thereof with the Barons Wars in the time of King Henry the Third But chiefly with that in France called the Holy League in the Reign of Henry the Third and Henry the Fourth late Kings of that Realm To which is added a Narrative of the Treaties at Uxbridge An. 1644 by Sir Will. Dugdale Garter King at Arms fol. price bound 16 s. The Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church according to the Use of the Church of England with the Psalter or Psalms of David in folio of a large Roman Letter both upon ordinary and fine Paper Plantarum Historiae Universalis Oxoniensis Pars secunda seu Herbarum distributio nova per Tabulas cognationis affinitatis ex Libro Naturae observata detecta Authore Roberto Morison Med. D. Professore Botanico Regio folio Lactantius de mortibus persecutorum liber accesserunt S. S. Perpetuae Felicitatis S Maximiliani S. Felicis Of the Unity of the Church a Discourse written 1430 years since in the time of Decius the persecuting Emperour By Cyprian Bishop of Carthage and Martyr most useful for allaying the present Heats and reconciling the Differences among us quarto price 6. d. Directions for the Book-binder to place the Maps of this second Volume of the English Atlas 1 GErmania pag. 1 2 Albis Fluvius Generalis pag. 4 3 Circa Hamburgensis pag. 4 4 Saxonia Inferior pag. 53 5 Bremensis Ducatus pag. 56 6 Lunenburgensis Ducatus pag. 64 7 Mecklenburg Ducatus pag. 69 8 Pomerania pag. 76 9 Rugia Insula pag. 81 10 Marchia Brandenburgensis pag. 85 11 Vetus vulgo Altmarck pag. 88 89 12 Mittle Marck pag. 88 89 13 Nova vulgo Newmarck pag. 90 14 Anhalt Principatus Magdeburg Ep. 92 15 Brunsvicensis pag. 96 16 Luneburgensis pag. 101. 17 Hildesheimensis pag. 105. 18 Halberstadiensis pag. 107. 19 Turingia pag. 109. 20 Mansfeldiae Comitatus pag. 111. 21 Saxonia superior pag. 113 22 Misnia Voitlandia pag. 115. 23 Lusatia pag. 119. 24 Silesia Ducatus pag. 121 25 Inferior pag. 121 26 Gloganus Ducatus pag. 124 27 Volaviensis Ducatus pag. 124 28 Breslaviensis Ducatus pag. 125 29 Lignicensis pag. 125 30 Grotganus pag. 126 31 Glatz Comitatus pag. 127 32 Moravia pag. 129 33 Bohemia pag. 133 34 Franconia pag. 137 35 Terriorium Francofurtense pag. 139 36 Henneburgensis Ducatus pag. 140 141 37 Werthemiensis Comit. pag. 140 141 38 River Rhein pag. 4 39 Palatinatus Rheni pag. 4 40 Badensis Marchionatus pag. 145 41 Alsatia pag. 148 42 Upper Alsatia pag. 148 43 Lower Alsatia pag. 148 44 Strasburg pag. 149 45 Wertenburgensis Ducatus pag. 150
Marquisses Earls Lords c. on whom they please and to grant the priviledges of the most ancient Families of what Ordersoever within the bounds of their own Kingdoms to any who they fancy deserves their favour But in this the Emperor surpasses them all in that he challenges a power of creating Kings which is a piece of Authority never pretended to by any other Potentate Thus the Emperor Otho III. made Poland a Kingdom in the year 1001 which before that time was govern'd by a Duke Henry IV. did the like for Bohemia in the year 1086 and Charles the Brave Duke of Burgundy desired the same kindness of the Emperor Frideric III. but could not obtain it The Popes of Rome have for a long time laid claim to this Prerogative as appears from their frequent excommunicating and deposing of Kings in every Country in Christendom Nay they go further and challenge a power of deposing the Emperor himself at their pleasure and creating a new one in his place as has been sufficiently shew'n in the foregoing Chapter But how empty and vain these pretensions are may be learned from the single example of Pope Pius V. who endeavoured to create Cosmo di Medices Great Duke of Tuscany For the Emperor Maximilian II. opposed the design and first made Cosmo receive the Title from him and afterwards forced the Pope to confess that he had exceeded and transgress'd the bounds of his power If any Prince in Germany chance to be a notorious delinquent and disturber of the common peace of the Empire it is not in the power of the Emperor alone to divest such an offendor of his Honour and Dignity or to banish him the Empire Such punishments cannot be inflicted without the consent of the Electors who are to judge of the nature of the misdemeanor and give in their opinions to the Imperial Chamber Where the States of the Empire view the determination and take care the sentence be executed according to Law The Emperor at his Coronation is sworn not to infringe or violate the Priviledges and Properties of any free State in the Empire and therefore cannot mitigate or augment any Tax or Subsidy which either a Prince Regent of the Empire or an Imperial City thinks fit to levy amongst their own Subjects Besides he has no authority to punish a malefactor or raise money in the Territories of these Free States Nor is it lawful for him to advance a Subject of any of these States to any Honour but what shall be consistent with the Allegiance he owes to that particular Prince or City whose more immediate Subject he is In time of War he cannot command any Free State or Prince to assist him with men or money but must be forc'd to undergo the whole burthen thereof himself except it be the private interest of some peculiar Prince to stand by him However tho they are not very ready to take his part in every offensive quarrel he engages himself in yet most of them stick close to him when invaded by a foreign enemy and the common interest of the Empire lies at stake And indeed it nearly concerns the Free States of the Empire to be cautious of assisting and encourageing the Emperor's engaging himself in any other then a Defensive war For if he should by conquest enlarge his Dominions they were in danger of being curb'd and brought under but if on the contrary the victory should go on the enemies side they would all certainly suffer as his Accomplices The overgrown Authority of the Popes of Rome has amongst other encroachments upon the Imperial Prerogative rob'd the Emperor of his ancient Right of conferring Ecclesiastical Benefices and Bishoprics on whom he pleases 'T is well known in what subjection the Bishops of Rome liv'd under the Government of their ancient Emperors however they have Lorded it for these late years As soon as the Emperor Constantine the Great removed the Empire from Rome to Constantinople the Popes began to have more elbow-room and taking hold of the opportunity laid the first foundation of their own greatness upon the ruins of the decaying power of the Emperor in Italy Another advantage they made of the blind zeal of the neighbouring Princes who were exceeding fervent in carrying on the Catholic cause till they had enabled the Popes to arrogate to themselves the Title of Vniversal Bishops But still the Lombards who had overrun the greatest part of Italy kept these Usurpers under until Pepin and his Son Charlemaigne undertook their protection and added to their Riches the Revenue of several Towns and Provinces taken from the Lombards These good offices obliged the Roman Bishops to a return of gratitude which they express'd by doing homage to the said Princes for the Territories of Ravenna and Pentapolis or Romagnia which Pepin had liberally bestowed on them and making over to Charles the Great for ever the Right and Prerogative of chusing Popes After this Emperor's death some of the ambitious Clergy who found they had not interest enough in the Emperor's Court to compass their ends went to Rome where they got themselves chosen Popes and prevail'd with the easie Emperors of Germany to confirm the Election From these beginnings they arose by degrees to that height as to take upon them the power of electing and degrading of Emperors at their pleasure nay of trampling the Majesty of the Emperors under their feet as Pope Alexander III. serv'd Frideric Barbarossa And we cannot imagine that they who had thus magnified themselves above all Temporal Monarchs as they were pleased to distinguish should stick to the old Decree of accepting the Popedom at the Emperors hands Accordingly Leo IX having receiv'd the Bishopric of Rome from the hands of Henry IV. repented of his so doing and divesting himself of his Papal Robes march'd to Rome as a private person where he was elected anew by the Clergy After which time the Popes begun to invert Charles the Great 's Statute ordering that none should be honour'd and obey'd as lawful Emperor of Germany but those who receiv'd the Imperial Crown at their hands And some of them were so insolent as to affirm that there was as much difference between Popes and Emperors as betwixt the Sun and Moon intending from thence to infer that as the Moon has no light but what she borrows from the Sun so the Emperor has no power or Majesty but what the Pope bestows on him But they did on t always meet with such tame Emperors as would undergo their yoke and since Charles the Fifth's time who took the Pope of Rome prisoner there has not been one Emperor that has fetch'd his Crown from Rome The house of Austria have in a great measure recover'd the ancient power and priviledges of the German Emperors and probably the Pope's Authority would have decayed a great deal more in this time had not the Jesuites who swarm in the Court of Vienna been diligent in working the mild temper of their
present religious Emperor into a compliance with whatever they buz into his ears How the Emperors lost the power of Investiture c. we shall shew more at large when we come to treat of the Ecclesiastical Estate of the Empire In all Proclamations Patents Decrees c. the Titles of their present Emperor run as follows Leopold I. by the Grace of God Emperor Kayser of the Romans always Augustus Mehrer des Reichs c. King of Germany Hungary Bohemia Dalmatia Croatia Slavonia Bulgaria Bosnia Servia and Rescia Arch-Duke of Austria Duke of Burgundy Brabant Styria Carinthia Carniola Luxemburg Wittenberg together with the higher and lower Silesia Marquess of the Holy Empire Burgaw Moravia with the higher and farther Lusace Earl of Habsburg Tyrole Ferrete Kiburg Goritia c. Landtgrave of Alsace Lord of Windischamrck Portnaw and Salins For what more peculiarly relates to the Emperor as Arch-Duke of Austria we refer the Reader to the Description of that Country where he may also expect an account of the grandeur of the Emperors Court Retinue Servants c. Of the Election and Coronation of the GERMAN EMPERORS THE principal Members of the German Empire next to the Emperor himself are the Eight Electors viz. the Archbishops of Mentz Triers Colen who are also Arch-Chancellors of the Empire the first in Germany the second in France and the Kingdom of Arles and the third in Italy the King of Bohemia Cup-bearer to the Emperor the Duke of Bavaria Great Steward of the Empire the Duke of Saxony Grand Marshal or Constable the Marquess of Brandenburgh Great Chamberlain and lasty the Prince Palatine of the Rhine Cheif Treasurer of the Empire These Eight for so many they have been since the Westphalian Treaty tho heretofore only Seven have Right and Authority to Elect the Emperor and also to Depose him when by his enormous crimes or unmanly idleness he neglects the Honour of the Empire the public good and the duty of his place Thus they serv'd Wenceslaus tho advanc'd to the Imperial Throne at the request of his Father Charles the Fourth who had deserv'd far better things at their hands for composing the Aurea Bulla of which more hereaster The Archbishop of Mentz has several times taken upon him to remind such Emperors as have not suited with his humour of this grand power of the Electors and to threaten them with the execution of it if they should not alter their courses At what time the power of chusing the Emperors was first committed to those Princes who to this day bear the Title of Electors is not easily determin'd It is certain that Charles the Great transmitted the Imperial Dignity to his posterity by way of Succession And the same Right continued for some ages in his Family until some of his Successors falling far short of this incomparable Emperor were thought unfit to Govern Whereupon the Empire was offer'd to Otho Duke of Saxony and upon his refusal given to Conrad Duke of Franconia After his death Henry Duke Otho's Son was Elected Emperor by a general consent of all the Princes and Estates of the Empire and was succeeded afterwards by his Son Otho I. who obtain'd the Crown by the same means This way of Succession from Father to Son was observ'd till Henry IV. who coming to the Crown when he was a Child and managing it very ill when he was of years to have govern'd better was contemn'd and sleighted by the Lords of the Empire And Pope Gregory VII taking this opportunity of magnifying his own Authority in the German Empire excommunicated him and declaring him unfit to sway the Imperial Scepter order'd him to be deposed which was a thing before that time never heard of in the Empire Whereupon the Rebel Princes thinking themselves absolv'd from their Allegiance Elected Rudolph Duke of Schwaben into the Emperor Henry's place and made a Law That the Right of Succession should be therein abolished and the Power of chusing Emperors committed to the people What Anarchy and confusion follow'd upon this Decree the German Histories will sufficiently inform us But in process of time the less considerable part of the Rabble of Electors were depriv'd of their late gain'd right and priviledge of chusing Emperors the whole power being usurp'd by a few of the chief Officers in the Imperial Court From the year 1250 till 1500 it was the general opinion of all Historians that the Emperor Otho III. and Pope Gregory V. reduc'd the number of Electors to Seven only in this the Authors of those times cannot agree Whether the Emperor or Pope had the greater Authority in settling the Affair But this opinion has of later years been strongly oppos'd by most learned writers and 't is highly probable that more then Seven had voices in the Election of Emperors until the time of Frideric II. For Otho Frisingensis assures us that Henry II. was chosen by all the Lords of the Empire and after his death Conrad Duke of Franconia was advanced into his place by the consent of the same Electors Henry III. Conrad's Son was likewise Elected tho we are not told by whom The Abbot of Vrsperg tells us that Henry IV. was raised to the Imperial Dignity by the Bishops of Germany that Henry V. was chosen by an unanimous consent of all the members of the German Empire that Lotharius II. was made Emperor by two Archbishops eight Bishops with several Abbots and Lords of the Imperial Court that Conrad III. was admitted into the Throne the Duke of Saxony not being call'd to the Election and the See of Mentz being then vacant that Frideric Barbarossa was chosen by all the German Princes that Philip was Elected Emperor by the Suevians Bavarians and Saxons that Otho IV. had the Scepter from the Citizens of Colen Strasburg and some other Imperial Cities This Otho was afterwards excommunicated by the Pope of Rome and Frideric King of Sicily Elected into his room by the voices of the King of Bohemia the Dukes of Austria and Bohemia the Landtgrave of Thuringen and several other Princes of the Empire Hitherto we see the Emperors were not chosen by any set number of Electors tho it is likely that those Princes who have now got the sole power into their hands had even in those times the greatest share of authority in all Elections as being the most potent members of the Empire But when after the death of Frideric II. no man for many years took care of the supreme Government in this deplorable condition of the German Empire Seven of the chief Princes by taking upon them as is probable the management of all public affairs laid the first foundation of the Electoral dignity which was afterwards confirm'd to them by the Emperor Charles the Fourth's Aurea Bulla The reasons why the number of Electors was reduced to Seven was this because that if in any Election six of the voices chanc'd to be equally divided the seventh Elector might cast the ballance to that side where
a petty Judg of any small Province or Territory and such an interpretation the word will bear tho it be not so usual as the former For Grave as we have shew'n before signifies a Judg as well as Count and Landt may as well denote a small Province as large Territory Burg Burgrave in the Teutonic tongue signifies a Castle or Fort whence Burggrave is no more then Praefectus Castellanus a Grave or Count â—â— a Castle or any other fortified place The four chief Burgraveschafts of the German Empire are those of Stromberg Noremberg Magdeburg and Rheineck besides which there are several of less note The Territories which anciently belong'd to the Bishoprick are now since the late death of Augustus Administrator of Halle and Magdeburg come into the hands of the Elector of Brandenburg But the Title remains still with the Dukes of Saxony to whom both Title and Territory were heretofore given by the Emperor Rodulph I. who at the same time annex'd the Burggrafschaft of Noremberg to the Graves von Zollern which is since made a part of the Marquisate of Brandenburg How great the power of these Marggraves was formerly the Author of the Saxon-Spiegel informs us when he says Palatinus seu Palansgravius Imperatoris Judex est Burggravius vero id est perpetuus Castellanus Judex Marchionis i. e. a Count Palatine may sit Judg in a Case wherein the Emperor is a Party and a Burggrave has the priviledg of passing sentence upon a Marquiss And Besoldus assures us that the Bishops also were under the Jurisdiction of a Burggraf Aliquando etiam says he speaking of this Title of Honour in Episcopatibus exercebant Jurisdictionem unde Peucerus lib. 5. Chronic. eos illarum terrarum Judices esse censet quae Imperatorum donatione Ecclesiis accesserunt But all this is to be understood of the four chief Burggraves before-mention'd and not of others of an inferior rank who had little more then the name of Burggrave or at most never had any Jurisdiction more then the bare and naked signification of their Title would allow them which was only to be the Governors of some Castle or Fort. Such I fancy were the Ancestors of the Noble Family of the Wassenaers in Holland who as Grotius tells us were formerly Burggraves of a great Castle erected in the place where Leyden now stands which City had been before destroy'd by the Normans For tho those men were Lords of the Rhine and as such demanded Toll of all Vessels that traded upon that River as far as their Territories reach'd which priviledg their Successors always afterwards challeng'd yet they never advanc'd to that heigth as to have any inspection over Marquisses In old Memorials and other papers of State registred by the High Dutch Antiquaries we shall often meet with the words Burggraf and Landtgrave in a literal signification and not as Titles of Honour in which sense we have hitherto spoke of them For tho Burggrave in the ordinary acception of the word and as a Title of Honour denotes one that hath the command of some eminent Fort in the Empire yet it may be also and is often in ancient Dutch writers used to signifie one that hath the command of any obscure and inconsiderable Castle whereby the Governor obtains the name of Burggrave tho he cannot reach the Dignity And because Landt signifies a small as well as larger Territory and Grave may properly enough be used to denote any man invested with any sort of Jurisdiction therefore the word Landtgrave is sometimes applied to ordinary Barons Next after these several sorts of Counts or Earls the Freyherrn or Barons Freyherrn take place in the Catalogue of the German Nobility The word signifies as much as Domini liberi free Lords or Barons such as are not Tenants to nor have any dependance upon any superior Landlord So that sometimes we find Freyen and Freyherrn used synonymously by some of the German writers and then an High Dutch Freyherr is no more then a Scotch Laird which is a Title any Scotch man will pretend to who has got but as much free-land as will yeild him twenty shillings a year But ordinarily the Title is only given to such as hold considerable Territories and Jurisdictions from the Emperor and are Proceres proximo post Comites gradu ornati as Paurmeister defines Barones And the most considerable Heraulds and Lawyers of the German Nation have maintain'd the assertion That a Freyherr differs only from a Grave in Name and Title but is the same thing in Dignity and Jurisdiction Besoldus determines the difference thus Ex moribus nostris Comiti Baro aequiparatur nullumque inter eos censetur esse discrimen nisi quod Baro non est investitus de Comitatu qui tamen aliis in rebus suscipiendis honoribusque administrandis haudquaquam Comite inferior censetur i. e. By our German Customs a Baron is equal to a Count only the former is ceremoniously Invested into his Territories but in no other thing as conferring of Honours and the like is he inferior to the later Some reckon up six kinds of Barons in the German Empire and give them their several names thus 1. Such as are stiled simply Freyen without the additional Title of Herr that is Free-men of whom before 2. Freyherrn or Free Lords such are the Freyherrn zu Walpurg zu Aulendorff and the like 3. Semper-Freyen or Semper Liberi which is a Title given to the four chief Barons of the Empire who are sometimes otherwise stiled simply Freyherrn zu Limburg Dussis Weysterburg und Alwalden 4. Herrn or Lords such are the Herrn zu Plauwen Herrn zu Krannichfelt c. 5. Edle Herrn or Noble Lords as the Counts of Mansfelt write themselves Edle Herrn zu Heldrungen c. 6. Such as are stiled barely Edlen or Noblemen as the Baron of Overfurst is usually stiled Edle van Overfurst Sometimes the word Edle is put after the mention of the Barony Thus in an old Charter granted by Magnus Duke of Brunswic in the year 1360 as 't is cited by Paurmeister we read Evert von Werberge de Edle for Everard Baron of Werberg But 't is doubtless true what some of the German Lawyers affirm that Freyen Freyherrn Edlen Herrn and Herrn are only so many different words which signifie one and the same Order and Dignity and may each of them be English'd Barons Whether the Title of Semper-Freyen be a word which distinguishes the rank of the four above-mention'd chief Barons of the Empire from all others is a question disputable enough Semper-Freyen Some draw the original of that Title from the solemn words of semper ingenuus existat which as they pretend may be met with in some Copies of old Manumissions And hence they conclude that such as to this day retain the name of Freyherrn are descended from such Ancestors as were ancient Barons in the Empire Others more probably guess that the word Semper was only
for some time inhabited that part of it which bordereth on the Euxin Sea at last they pass'd thro the Hercynian woods into Germany and gave the name of Sacasena afterwards turn'd into Saxonia to the Country that here by their Conquests they had made themselves Masters of Strabo indeed says and we may believe him that the Sacae did leave their ancient Scythian Seats and Mr. Cambden observes well that Ptolomy places his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 near that part of Scythia whence these men are said to have sallied out But that they ever pass'd the Hercynean woods is one of Goropius's Forgeries and a story not to be met with in Strabo or any other Author of credit I wonder most that Mr. Cambden who was so great a Master of our old English-Saxon tongue should not discern the absurdity of this etymology For in that language saex in the singular number signifies a Saxon as well as Sachs to this day in the High Dutch dialect and seax seaxna and seaxena as also the modern Dutch words Sachsen and Sassen are plurals Now if seax and seaxen be only broken remnants of sacson and sacsones we should in all probability meet with the entire words in some of our ancient Saxon Monuments which could never yet be produced by the best of Antiquaries Wherefore to omit other impertinences of this kind the most probable opinion is that the Saxons had their name from a short kind of weapon call'd in their language Seax different from what any other Germans wore and peculiar only to their own Nation In confirmation of this conjecture some of our English Historians give us a relation of a treacherous parly betwixt Hengist the first Saxon that landed in Britain and King Vortigern It was agreed that both parties should meet on Salisbury-Plain unarm'd but the Saxons intending nothing but treachery carried privately under their Coats short Daggers which upon the watch-word nem eowr Seaxes or take your Seaxes they immediately drew out these weapons and slew no less then three hundred of the British Nobility The like story and as equally true some of the German writers relate of a treacherous massacre committed by the ancient Saxons in Thuringen Pontanus urges the reasonableness of this Etymology more home when he tells us that Saxony in its ancient Arms bears two Seaxes or Hangers cross-ways which says he is an undoubted proof of their first denomination And 't is said that Erkenwyn King of the East Saxons gave for his Arms three short Daggers Argent in a Field Gules A Sythe is still call'd Saisen in the Netherlands and Scher-Sax in the High Dutch signifies as much as ein messer damit man scheret a Razor Wormius tells us that Sags or Saks in the Runic Dialect signifies a Sword or Dagger whose Hilt and Blade were almost of equal length Nor is it at all extraordinary for people to take their names from the several sorts of weapons used by them in battel Thus most learned men agree that the Scythians had their name from the Teutonic word Scytan to shoot because they were excellent Bow-men The Picards are thought to have been first called by that name from Pikes a sort of weapon they best understood We may therefore venture to conclude with the Latin Rythm of the Learned Engelhus Quippe brevis gladius apud illos Saxa vocatur Inde sibi Saxo nomen traxisse putatur From the account which is given us of this people by Zosimus Marcellinus Diaconus Manned and other ancient writers we may learn that they were men of a vast bulk of body and proportionable strength the most renown'd Warriors in Germany and the most terrible enemies which the Romans ever encounter'd Mr. Cambden says they were such notorious Pyrats and most of them so accustom'd to live at Sea that they were afraid to appear on dry land Which agrees with the relation which Isidorus gives of them Gens Saxonum says he Myoparonibus non viribus nituntur fugae potius quam bello parati Hence it was that all along the coasts of Britain and France as far as the borders of Spain the Romans maintain'd continual standing Regiments under the command of several Generals who from their Commission and Office which was to secure the Inhabitants from the sudden and frequent incursions of the Saxon Pyrats were stiled Comites litoris Saxonici per Britanniam Galliam Sidonius in one of his Epistles gives this character of a Saxon Pyrat That he is an enemy formidable beyond comparison one whom frequent Shipwracks recreate rather then terrifie as being not only acquainted but grown familiar with the perils of the Ocean c. Their whole Nation was govern'd by Twelve of the chief Nobles in the Land Government who were Elected to that Dignity by the Commonalty In time of war they chuse a King out of these Twelve chief Commanders who executed Regal authority over the rest as long as the war lasted but as soon as peace was concluded was degraded into his former quality This custom continued amongst them until the conclusion of their wars with the Emperor Charles the Great at which time Wittikind a Nobleman of Angria in Westphalia and one of their Twelve Rulers had the name and authority of a King conferr'd on him But when he was afterwards conquer'd and converted to Christianity by that Emperor this fading Title was turn'd into the more durable one of Duke and his Eleven Companions were advanc'd to the Honourable Titles and Dignities of Earls and Lords from whom the greatest Princes at this day in the German Empire derive their pedigrees Some have imagined that from this Duodecemviral Government of the ancient Saxons our modern way of Judicature by the Verdict of Twelve Jury-men had its first original Whether this opinion be wholly allowable I shall not stand to dispute having said something of this matter in the Description of Island But 't is certain that under the Reigns of some of our English-Saxon Kings this way of proceeding was practis'd in the decision of most Causes both Civil and Criminal For proof hereof I shall only quote an old Law made in King Ethelred's time wherein cap. 3. de Pignore ablato 't is enacted that tÆ¿elf lahmen scylon rehte taecean Ç·ealan and AEnglan syx England syx Ç·ylisce þlien calles þaes hy agon gif hi Æ¿oh taecen oþþe geladian hi ê§ hi bet ne cuþon i. e. All controversies betwixt the English and Welch should be determin'd by Twelve men skill'd in the Law six of each Nation who if they pass'd sentence contrary to the Law should forfeit their whole Estates except they should excuse themselves by acknowledging their error and bewailing their want of judgment in the case proposed Which penalty is near akin to the attainder to which our modern Juries are liable when they bring in a false and corrupt Verdict Tho we have spoken before of the Heathenish Gods worshipped in all parts of Germany Irmenseul and amongst the
East of the Dukedom dividing it from the Kingdoms of Hungary and Poland mention'd usually in Latin writers by the name of Montes Carpatii or Hungarici but by the Natives of this Country call'd commonly Jablunka Amongst these Hills the Silesians find the chief treasure of their Great Dukedom having here a great many Mines of Silver and Lead The Miners that inhabit these parts are call'd by their neighbours Die Walachen and are a sort of people much more rough and rustical then the rest of the Silesians A vast company of these Bores in the year 1643 revolted from the Imperialists and fled to the Swedish Army but were not long after reclaim'd The other row of mountains are on the South and divide the Dukedom of Teschen from the Marquisate of Moravia These Hills the Natives call Gesencke but Latin Authors make them a part of the Sudetes and name them Montes Moravici These latter do not afford that plenty of Ore which is found in the former but are tolerably well stock'd with Minerals and some Metals and supply what they fall short of the other in this kind with huge flocks of Sheep which are here pastur'd Other Towns of note in the Dukedom of Teschen are Bielitz Freystattlein Friedick Jablunke which has its name from the Eastern row of mountains abovemention'd Nistkow Strummen Skotschau and Schwartzwasser Some add Lassla with whom agrees J. Scultetus's Map of Silesia but this Town ought rather to be referr'd to the Dukedom of Troppau X. The County and City of GLATZ AMongst the Montes Sudetes lies the County of Glatz County being bounded on the South with Moravia on the West with Bohemia and on the East and North with the Great Dukedom of Silesia For which reason modern Geographers have been at a stand to determine which of the three Nations they should refer it to some of them making it a part of the Kingdom of Bohehemia others esteeming it a petty Province of the Marquisate of Moravia and a third sort who seem to have most probability on their side call it a Silesian County It s ancient inhabitants are thought to have been the Marsigni in whose days the City of Glatz was call'd Luca. After them the Hungarians got possession of this and the neighbouring Provinces and kept it till the Emperor Henry I. routed them and hang'd up their chief Commander in one of the Forests of this County From this great Hungarian Warriour whose name is said to have been Glozar the City of Glatz or Glotz was first named tho other Etymologists think its ancient name to be Klotz which signifies properly the root and trunk of a Tree but is sometimes taken for a large Forest or Copse of Shrubs such as they tell us once grew in the place where Glatz now stands The Nobility of this County have a tradition amongst them that before their Land was conquer'd by Henry the First and made Christian this County was immediately subject to the Emperors of Germany by whom 't was afterwards bestow'd on the Kings of Bohemia M. George Aelurius in his Chronicle of the City and County of Glatz printed in the year 1625 says that 't was as his Countrymen affirm subject at first to the Emperors but afterwards won and enjoy'd for some time by the Princes of Poland from whom the Bohemians took it and as appears from the Records of that Kingdom were Masters of it in the years 1074 and 1114. After this the Dukes of Silesia made themselves Lords of the County of Glatz which within a while return'd to the Kings of Bohemia and then back again to the foresaid Dukes In this state it continued till the days of the Emperor Charles the Fourth in whose reign it was once more subjected to the King of Bohemia And thus it continued till King George about the year 1460 bestow'd the Cities of Glatz Munsterberg and Franckenstein upon his own Sons who thereupon had the Titles of Dukes of Munsterberg and Earls of Glatz conferr'd on them by the Emperor Frideric IV. In the year 1500 the Dukes of Munsterberg sold this Country to Vlric Earl of Hardegg whose successors within less then forty years after sold it again to the Emperor Ferdinand I. who bestow'd it on the Lords of Bernstein From them it descended A. D. 1549 upon Ernest Duke of Bavaria after whose death it return'd again to the Kings of Bohemia in whose possession it continues to this day The Commodities of this Country are Iron Coal Silver-Ore Timber all sorts of Venison and tame Cattel Butter Cheese c. How rich the Country is may hence easily be gather'd that not many years ago the King of Bohemia's Stewards and Rent-gatherers have been known to bring into their Master's Coffers near forty thousand Ricxdollars yearly out of this one County The City of Glatz is a neat and compact Town 〈◊〉 seated in a pleasant plain on the banks of the Neisse but fortified with a strong Castle on the top of a neighbouring Hill which overlooks and commands the Town The great Church is said to have been formerly the Temple of an Idol worshipp'd by the ancient inhabitants of these parts in which as Aelurius tells us the young maids of the Country used to nail up their hair against the walls as was the custom amongst the ancient Romans and that not many years ago several of these kind of Tabulae Votivae were still to be seen The Charter of their City permits their Magistrates to coin money in their own names but they seldom make use of the priviledg any further then to give abroad a kind of small coin little better then the farthings and half-pence lately currant by the authority of no better man then an ordinary Grocer or Chandler in most of our Market-Towns in England Besides Glatz there are the following nine great Towns in this County Havelswerd Neurode Winschelburg Mitselwald Reinertz Lewin Landeck Beurath and Wilhelmsthal or Neustatl besides an hundred fair Villages and upwards MARCHIONATVS MORAVIAE Auct I. Comenio Excudebat Janssonio-Waesbergä Moses Pitt et Stephanus Swart Notularum explicatio Vrbs muris cincla Oppidum Pagus turritus Arx Zamek Castellum â—â—â—z Pagi innominati Monasterium Vinetorum colles Thermae seu aquae medicale Officinae â—â—â—â—aria Auri et Argenti fodinae Ferri fodinae THE MARQUISATE OF MORAVIA MORAVIA is commonly in the Bohemian writers preferr'd before Silesia altho this later be a Dukedom and the other no more then a Marquisate The reason of which preeminence must be ascrib'd either to this Marquisate's having been anciently a Kingdom or else to its being made subject to the Kings of Bohemia before ever the Silesians embraced their yoke The Germans call this Country Mahren and some of their writers would have it nam'd Mehrhenland or Equarum Regio imagining the true Etymology of the word to come from the multitude of Horses or Mares bred in this Marquisate But certainly the word Moravia which is undoubtedly of the same offspring with the
the Eastern banks of the Rhine is a Province of no large extent but exceedingly fruitful in Corn Wine and Hemp. The Country is every-where very populous and the Villages so thick that the whole Marquisate has been by some compared to one continued City with fair Gardens interlac'd among the buildings Entz 〈◊〉 Wirmb Phintz and the other Rivers afford plenty of Fish And the Chases and Parks are so well stock'd with Venison and Fowl that what the Nobility in other parts of the German Empire covet as a delicacy the Rustics of Baden have for their ordinary food The Merchants of Amsterdam Antwerp and other great trading Towns in the Netherlands furnish themselves hence with those vast quantities of Flax and Hemp which they transport into foreign Nations so that what passes for Holland Flax here in England grows for the most part in the Marquisate of Baden and is brought thence down the Rhine There are in this Country whole Woods of Chesnut Trees which feed their great Herds of Swine at a cheaper rate then the Hog-Merchants of Whestphalia who buy their Chesnuts at Bremen can afford to do The Quarries give the inhabitants an advantage of building fair Houses with a small cost 〈◊〉 providing them with a good Free-stone and Marble of all colours Amongst these especially in the County of Sponheim they sometimes find Agat which is here rarely polish'd and sent into foreign Countries 〈◊〉 But this Marquisate is most peculiarly happy in the multitude and goodness of its hot Baths and Mineral-waters especially at Baden of which more anon 〈◊〉 From the vast conflux of the Nobility from all parts of the Empire to these Baths we may reasonably imagine that the complaisant carriage towards strangers which we find every-where practis'd by the inhabitants of this Country has in a great measure proceeded from their conversation with strangers who flock hither upon the strong conceit they have of the more then ordinary virtues of these waters They are generally a stout and hardy people inur'd to labour and toil or the severities of a Camp from their their Cradle Hence they come to be reckon'd as good Soldiers as any in the Emperor's Dominions And 't is not a little Honour the Country has got this last year 1681 in having their Marquise Herman made choice of to succeed the late famous Commander Montecuculi in the place of General of all the Imperial Forces No question the Marquises of this Country are descended of an ancient stock of Princes Marquises but of what old Family they are to be reputed a branch the German Heraulds can scarce determine Some fetch them from the Vrsins and others from the House of Della Scala or the Scaligers Some again labour to prove that Baden and Hochberg are different Families and others that they are but one Other Genealogists tell us that the Emperor Frideric Barbaressa brought Herman Marquise of Verona out of Italy and made him the first Marquise of Hochberg and Baden A. D. 1155. Which will very ill agree with what the best High Dutch Historians report of a Monastery being founded by Herman Marquise of Baden in his Village of Backenau A. D. 1116 which was confirm'd by Bruno Bishop of Spire in the year 1122. The most probable opinion is that they are descended from the ancient Counts of Vindonissa and Altemburg in Switzerland from whom also the Dukes of Zeringuen and Tek the Counts of Habspurg and the Arch-Dukes of Austria derive their original At present there are two Families of the Marquises of Baden whereof one is a profess'd Lutheran and the other a zealous Papist For this reason their interests seem different the Marquise of Durlach associating himself with the Count Palatine the Marquise of Brandenburg the Duke of Wirtenberg and the Count of Solms and the Marquise of Baden with the Dukes of Bavaria Savoy and Lorrain and the Princes of Hohernzollern Each of these Princes stiles himself Marquise of Baden and Hochberg Landgrave of Sausenberg Earl of Sponheim and Eberstein Lord of Rotel Badenweiler Lohr and Mahlberg The Chief Cities in the Marquisate of BADEN BADEN is the Metropolis of this Marquisate Baden and has its name from the vast number of Hot Baths in this place which are said to be above three hundred The Town stands amongst Hills on a craggy and uneven spot of ground so that there 's hardly a strait and plain street in it Some of the Baths are scalding hot and all of them running out of Rocks of Brimstone Salt and Allum have the same tast One of them is call'd the Kettle out of which the water boils at a wonderful rate reeking as if set over a Furnace These waters are reckon'd soveraign medicines for several diseases especially the Cramp and Gout both which distempers have been admirably cur'd by them For this reason there is a continual resort of the German Nobility and Gentry who flock hither in as great companies during the whole Summer as our English Gentry are wont to do to Bath in Somersetshire See Joh. Keiffer's description of the Baths of this Country 2. Durlach DURLACH is seated on the bank of the River Psintz at the bottom of a high hill on the top whereof stands a Tower wherein contintial watch is kept for the security of the City The streets in this Town are generally fair and strait and the buildings stately and uniform The Marquise's Palace far excells that at Baden and is large enough to receive the Court and Attendants of the greatest Monarch in Europe There is a Gymnasium kept up by some few Professors who read public Lectures in the several Faculties But that which is most worthy a Scholar's sight is the rare Collection of ancient Coins and Meddals in the Marquise's Cabinet and the Library adjoining wherein are some pieces of good note 3. PFORTZHEIM says Rhenanus Pfortzheim was anciently call'd Orcynheim and by Latin Authors Porta Hercyniae because 't is seated at the entrance into the Schwartzwald a part of the Hercynian Forest as you travel from Spire On one side of the Town you have fair Meadows Pasture-grounds and Corn-fields but the other side is nothing but Mountains and Woods This Town was formerly subject to the Dukes of Schwaben but fell afterwards upon the death of Conradine the last Duke of that Country into the hands of the Marquises of Baden who are now Lords of it 4. GERSBACH is a Town of no great extent Gersbach having in it only two Churches whereof one is frequented by Lutherans and the other by Papists The Marquises of Baden as Counts of Eberstein a Castle not far from this Town have here a Palace and Court of Judicature for the determining all Controversies and Law-suits arising within the bounds of this small County 5. BADENWEILER a City betwixt Freyburg and Basil Badenweiler is a part of the Marquisate of Baden tho seated in the Territories of Brisach The hot Baths of this