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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14341	An abridgement of the notable woorke of Polidore Vergile conteignyng the deuisers and firste finders out as well of artes, ministeries, feactes & ciuill ordinaunces, as of rites, and ceremonies, commo[n]ly vsed in the churche: and the originall beginnyng of the same. Co[m]pendiously gathered by Thomas Langley; De rerum inventoribus. English. Abridgments	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581. aut	1546 (1546)	STC 24656; ESTC S107600	129,908	356

oure lord M.ccc.lxviii they were no priestes nor consecrated persons but wer men of the laye sort geuen addicted to praiers had the name of Iesuites bycause the name of Iesus should be often in their mouth they be muche like to our bedemen in England The secte of new Hermites began in Vrbine a cytie in Italy in the coūtre of Vmbria where Polidor Vergile was borne and was the deuise of one Petrus an Hetruriane and they had in the same cytie a goodly hospital or guylde hal The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmunde sonne of Rychard erle of Cornewel whiche was brother to Henry the .iii. and was elected kyng of the Romanes heyre apparant to the Empyre by the princes electours aboute the yere of oure Lorde M.CC.lvii The special head place of that religion was Astrige wher the noble kyng Henry the .viii. hath nowe a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the blood of our sauiour as it was sayd into the realme The .v. Chapiter ¶ The original of sacred knightes and white secte WHILEST the cytie of Ierusalem afore our christenmen had cōquered it in y e yere of our lord M.xcix. was in subieccion to the Saracēs the Latine christians that liued ther tributaries purchased a lycence to buylde nere vnto the holye sepulchre dwellyng houses and among other they made an hospital of our lady to receyue the straunge pilgrimes and appoincted a prouost to entertain thē This was in Siluester the fyrst hys tyme the yere of our Lorde .ccc.xiiii. and renewed the yere of Chrst M.ccc xcvii in the tyme of Celestine the .iii. bishop of Rome After the paterne of this house was deuised a like house of virgyns in me mortal of Mari Magdalen to receiue the women that resorted thether It beganne in the .ii. Vrbanes daies the yere of our Lorde M. lxxxxix Notwithstandyng because the multitude of latine pilgrimes waxed very great they builded thre hospitals of s Ihō Baptiste as some saye albeit some thynke it was of Iohn Eleemosinarius that was the patriarke of Alexandria in the reigne of the emperour Phoca This secte one Gerardus adourned with a white crosse in a black vesture grand captain of these knightes was Ramundus when Clement the .v. had the sea of Rome about the yere of our Lorde M.ccc.x yet some affirme that the beginnyng of them was in the .iii. Alexanders dayes the yere of Christ M.c.lxxix and they be called of y e order of s Iohn or knightes of the Rhodes because thei wāne the Rhodes from the Turkes which afterwarde they lost againe in Ianuary in the yere of oure saluacion M. CCCCC.xxiii albeit they dyd long defend it manfully The templers order was begon in Gelacius the .ii. his daies in the yere of Christes incarnacion M.C.xxviii by Hugo Paganus and Gaufradus de sancto Alexandro they were named templers bycause they kept in a parte of the buyldynges neare to the temple they kepte Barnardus rule in their liuyng But Clement the .v. deposed thē partly for that they renoūced the faith conspired w t the Turkes partly forother notable crimes The order of Tentonickes or dutch Lordes beganne in Hierusalem by a Dutche manne whose name is not knowen Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christes crosse it began in the dayes of Clement the third the yere of Christes incarnacion M.C.xc. Petrus Fardinandus a Spaniarde began the order of sainct Iames knightes that lyued after s Austens rule vnder Alexander y e .iii. and in the yere of our lord M. c.lx.iii the same bishoppes daies ¶ Sāctius a kyng ordeyned the factions of Calatrauean knightes which professed the rule of y e Cisterciences Of the same profession be they of the order of Iesus Christes knightes whiche were instituted by Iohn the xxii bishop of that name in Portingale to resist the Saracens Alexandrians brotherhod of knightes in the realme of Castel y t begonne in Gregories tyme the .ix. aboute the yere of oure saluacion M.CC.xl. but who was auctor of thē is vncertaine Iames kyng of Aragonia dyd foūd ii sectes of knightes one named of s Mari de Mercede of those the office was to raunsom suche as were taken prisoners in warres against the Turkes The other sect is called Montasian knightes and they were a redde crosse both these orders Gregory the xi did alowe the yere of our lord M. The order of Minimes or lest brethren were founded by one Franciscus Paula a Silician after the example of Frauncisse his Mmorites The Apostolike brethren begāne in the yere of our lord M.cclx by the institucion of Gerardus Sagarelus in the toune named Perma in Lōbardie in the tyme of Alexander the fourth The whyt sect sprong vp in the Alpes descended into Italye hauyng apriest for their captayn But Bonifacius perceiuyng they should do no good to his honourable estate if they continued caused their captain to be headed at Viterbium as attainted of some heresie the yere of our lord M. cccc They wer a great nomber dyd no other thyng but lamēt the state of mākynd bewayle the sinnes of the people Theren as of this fashion both men women were called the whit sect because they weare whyte clothyng The .vi. Chapiter ¶ The Niniuites Assirians Antonians and Ceretanes NO lesse supersticion is in the fraternite of the Niniuites although they auaunce thē selues to haue receyued their maner of liuyng of y e Apostles for the end of their doynges is to worke their owne saluacion by dedes satisfactory to God wher in dede they derogate the effecte and power of Christes blod The rites be specified with outward holines as often assēblyng to praier hiryng of chauntry priestes supportyng pouertie be clothed in sackcloth and scourge one another w t whippes Of this painted penaunce they call them selues Niniuites as though they appeaced Gods wrathe in the same wyse as they of Niniuie dyd where in deede they had heartie cōtricion for their offēces these haue but pretenced holines and penitence they beganne vnder Clement the .iiii. the yere of our lorde a thousand two hundreth threscore and fiue The maner of theyr whyppyng came of the Romayne sacrifices and Lupercalia whereof I spake afore for thei vsed the same custome of a supersticious opinion Or if a manne wold be curious in boultyng out the original of their beatyng it may appeare to haue proceded of an obseruaūce of the Egyptiens For y e vsage was there that whilest they offered a cow with many ceremonies to their gret Idole as Herodotus witnesseth during y e burnyng therof they shuld one beate another miserably with wandes or roddes The title of their fraternitie came of the Romaynes whiche had diuers felowshyppes as Sodales Titii and Fratres Aruales that sacrificed to Ceres Goddesse of corne Another sort there is not onely idle but also

gathered an Arte of speache or communicacion called Rethorycke Whiche as Diodorus dothe saye was inuented by Marcurie but Aristotle affyrmmeth that Empedocles was fyrst auctoure of the Oratorial arte In Rome this feate of eloquēce was neuer forbidden but in processe as it was perceiued to be profitable and honest was had in suche estima●ion and so manye partely for theyr defence partly for glory and ambition employed theyr studies in it with suche endeuoure that verye many of the ignobilitee were promoted into the degree of Senatours and atcheued muche worshyppe by it Corax Thysias beyng Sicilians gaue fyrst preceptes in writyng of this Science And theyr countremanne Leontinus Gorgias succeded them Demosthenes o● the Gretians was pryncipal of y e Romaynes Tullius Cicero had no felowe Nowe as touchyng the effect and property of it there be in it as Cicero writeth fiue partes fyrst to inuente stuffe of matter to speake then formably to ordre hys deuyses ne●te to polyshe it and furnyshe it with elegance of termes and picked wordes to haue it in perfecte memorye and last of all to vtter it with comely gesture in suche sorte that it delyte for it conueniente treatablenes teache and playnely declare the thyng and moue affections of pytie and fauoure in the heartes of iudges or yf the cause permytte or tyme require to excite a cheareful laughyng and abandone graue seueritye In termes of them that practise this facultie we haue this difference we cal him that defendeth matters and pleadeth causes an Oratour a Rhetoricien is he that teacheth or professeth to be a scolemaster in that arte A declamatour is he that is occupied in fayned causes either for his owne exercise or to enstructe other therby ¶ The .xi. Chapiter Who founde Musyke and what efficacie it is of in humayne affayres MVSIKE by the testimonye of auncient Poetes is verye antique for Orpheus Linus bothe borne of the linage of the goddes were very excellent Musicians And because the one by the swetenesse of his armonie dilinited modefied the grosse heartes and rude myndes of men it was fayned that he made the wylde beastes as Lyons and Tygres to folowe him And the praisynges of Goddes valiaunt prowes and deedes of armes of Lordes were vsed to be song with Lutes at the royall feastes as Iompas in Virgil and Demodocus in Homere beare wytnes The fynders of Musyke as Plinie supposeth was Amphion the sonne of Iupiter by Antiope The Gretians ascribe the findyng of it to Dionisius Eusebius saith that Zephus and Amphion whiche were in Cadmus dayes inuented Musyke Solinus contendeth that the study of this arte came out of Crete and was perceyued by the ringyng shryl sounde of bralle and so brought and traduced into numbers and measures Polybius affirmeth that it came frō the Archadiens whiche haue an exceadyng mynde to that science and Diodorus wryteth that Marcury founde the concordes of singyng Albeit it is like that these onely were the fyrst setters out of it in Grece of late time for Iosephus telleth that Tubalcain an Hebrue the sonne of Lamech whiche was many ages afore them vsed muche to syng to the Psaltrie and Lute notwithstandyng who was fyrst procurer of it and when it was founde it is yet vncertayne for it semeth to haue bene geuen of nature to mankynde at the beginnyng for a special rewarde to mittigate the cruell paynes wherein man is bewrapped and compassed on all handes for a chylde newe borne ceaseth of his lamentable crye at the singyng and lullyng of his nursse In all kyng of laboures song is comfortable the Galiman the Plowman the carter the car●er ease the tediousnes of theyr laboure and iourney with carolynges leies and whistlyng yea the brute beastes be delighted with songes and noyses as Mules with belles Horses with trompettes and shalmes are of a fi●arser stomake to theyr appointed ministerye And of whom I pray you learned the Byrdes theyr diuersitie of tunes Who taught the nightyngale so sundry nootes Doutles euen nature was of this agreable Harmonye the onely scolemasters But the Egiptians dyd forbyd theyr yong folkes learnyng of Musicke because it seduceth and maketh effeminate the hardye courage of men and Ephorus sayeth it was ordeyned to delude and deceyue men Neuerthelesse Socrates was not ashamed in his olde age to learne to play on the Harp and Themistocles because he refused the Harpe at a bancket was reckened vnlearned the priestes of Mars in Rome called Salii song verses aboute the Cytie And speciallye the great Prophete Dauid whiche song the misteries of God in Meter ▪ frequented syngyng ¶ The .xii. Chapiter Who found Musical instrumentes and brought th●m into Italy IT is sayde that Marcurye founde the Harpe fyrst For as he walked by the Ryuer Nilus after an ebbe he foūd a Tortyse al wythered and nothyng remainyng but the senewes whiche as he fortuned to strycke on them made a certayne sounde And after the patrone of that he fashioned an Harpe and accordyng to the thre tymes of the yeare Sommer Wynter and Spryngtyme he putte to it thre Strynges a Treble a Base and a Meane Thys instrumente he gaue to Apollo and Apollo delyuered it to Orpheus Some thyncke Amphion founde it I fynde that the Harpe hadde seuen strynges to resemble the seuen doughters of Atlas whereof Maia Mercurie his mother was one And then after that were twoo other putte to to represente the nyne Muses Some referre the orygynall of the Harpe and Pype too Apollo for his Image in Delos as they saye hath in the right hande a bowe and in the lefte hande the goddesses of fauour Wherof one hath a harpe an other a shalme y e third a pype Shalmes were at the beginnyng made of Cranes legges after of great reed Dardanus Trezenius vsed fyrst to play syng with them Panne an vplandy she god found the pype of smal reed fyrst to solace his loue Eusebius saith Cibele found it and some suppose it was Apollo Timarias played on the Harpe or Lute fyrst withoute dittye and Amphion song fyrst to the Lute but the Harpe was found afore by Tubal and fashioned like the Greke letter delta Hermophilus fyrst distributed the pulse and beatyng of the vaynes too certayne measures of Musicke And the Prophete Dauid founde dyuerse instrumentes as Regalles and Nables The Troglodites founde the Dulcimers Pises Terrenes founde the Brasen trompe whiche the Terrenes footemenne vsed in theyr warres some thyncke it was Tyrteus or Dyrceus an Athenien For what tyme the Lacedemonians made war against the Messenians and the warres were long differred they had answere of Apollo that if they would wynne the feelde they should haue a capitayne of Athens AND the Atheniens in dispyte sent to them one Dyrceus a lame and one eyed felowe and all out of shape albeit thei receiued

God and therefore it wer no harme if the fourme of consecratyng therof wer redressed chaūged into a more godly fashion ❧ The .vii. Chapiter ¶ Who ordaigned praiyng why wee loke Eastward preachyng the Sacramente of the alter FOR so muche as wee are created of God after his owne Image for the entente to honoure and serue hym ▪ and so finally too enioye the eternal enheritaunce of heauen whiche we muste attain to by praier acknowledgyng oure owne infirmitie and referryng vs to the mercie of our moste louyng father It shall bee conuenient therfore to declare y e institucion of praier PRAIER therefore was frō the beginnyng as Abel praied Noha Abrahā Isaac Iacob with other Patriarkes praied to GOD in all their doubtfull affaires gaue thankes for the good acheuyng of theim Moses Aaron with other as Anna the wife of Helcana shewed vs example of praier But Christ is the first that did shewe to vs any speciall fourme of praier as appeareth in the Gospel of Matthew Afterward when men began to coumpte reken their praiers as though God were in our debt for often beggyng of hym there wer diuised by one Petrus Heremita a Frenchman of the citee of Amias bedes to saie lady psalters on the yere of our Lorde a thousande .xc. that is foure hundred .lvi. yeres ago The maner of turnyng our faces into the Easte when wee praie is taken of the old Ethnikes whiche as Apuleius remēbreth vsed to loke Eastwarde and salute y e sonne we take it in a custom to put vs in remembraunce y t Christe is the sonne of righteousnes that discloseth all secretes But that was not lawfull for the Hebrues as maie seme to vs by the settyng of y e tabernacle thei muste euer looke toward the temple as the story of Daniell declareth Moses whē he had receiued the ten cōmaundementes assembling the people together shewed them the will of God and that was the firste sermon or preachyng and the prophetes had without doubt open collacions And afterwarde Ihon Baptiste in the wildernesse of Iury preached and so did Christe hymself and gaue autoritie to y e Apostles disciples by special cōmaundemēt to do thesame THE blessed sacramēt of the alter was instituted by our sauiour Iesus Christ a litle before his passiō in Hierusalē at his supper whē he had ended y e Paschal lābe in this wise He toke bread after he had giuen thankes he brake it gaue it to his disciples saiyng take and eate this is my body y t shalbe giuen for you And takyng the cup gaue likewise thākes toke it to theim saiyng drynke all of this for this is my bloudde of the newe testamente whiche is shed for the remission of synnes This vnder the fourme of breade wyne he gaue to theim particularely his body and bloud sanctified in and by the word And gaue commaundement that like sacrifice should bee made in remembraūce of hym Alexander the bishop of Rome did ordain that this oblaciō should be made of swete bread wher afore it was leuened breade And he commaunded that water should bee mixte with wyne in the cuppe The .viii. Chapiter ¶ Who sacrificed first after Christes tradicion and encreased the partes of Masse EVERY thyng at the first in the mistery of the lordes supper was plain sincer and without any misture of ceremonies conteinyng more vertue then solemnite For it is manifest that Peter whiche either first of all or els with the rest of Apostelles did consecrate often tymes after the rite that he had receiued of Christ by and by after the consecraciō ioyned to the Lordes praier or Pater noster And I suppose it was not muche differyng from the Masse that is vsed in the churche on good Frydaie Celestinus ordaigned the praiers that the priest saieth when he reuesteth hymself to Masse or at puttyng on his clothes that begynneth Iudica me deus c. Albeeit it semeth by the woordes of Chrisostome in y e .xi. homely on Mathewe that it was taken of the churches of Grece and Asia whiche vsed to syng psalmes while the people assembled together Damasus instituted the confession at the beginnyng of Masse and some referre it to Pontianus Kyrië eleëson was frequēted in Grece first and Gregorius caused it to bee saied nyne tymes in the latine churche Gloria in excelsis is ascribed of some too Telesphorus of some to Hylarius of some to Symmachus and the counsaill of Toletane thynketh that the doctoures of the churche made it Collectes Gelasius Gregory gathered And the grayle was appoyncted by theim also Alleluya was trāslated from Hierusalē to the latyne churche in the tyme of Damasus The tract Durandus saith was diuised by Telesphorus and sequences were inuented firste by one Nothgerus an Abbot The Epistles and Gospell were as Hierom wryteth vsed in the East churches of verie auncient tyme wherefore I suppose wee had the maner to reade the Epistle Gospell of those churches albeit some saie Telesphorus ordaigned theim some suppose that Hierom at the request of Damasus did diuide theim as we reade them now at this daie Anastasius commaunded y t we should stand at the Gospell in tokenyng that menne should be in a redinesse to defend the doctryne of the Gospell The first part of the Crede Marcus ordaigned to bee red after it was made by the coūsaill of Nicene And the second part Et spiritum sanctum that the counsaill of Constantinople composed Damasus caused to be read in y e churche Entichianus instituted the offertory to bee songen whilest the people offred suche thynges as wēt to the relief and comfort of the poore The offertory remaigneth but the pouertie is forgotten as though thei had no part in Christ and were vile abiectes of the worlde Gelasius made the prefaces howbeeit in the beginnyng thei vsed but one preface And Sextus putte to the sanctus out of the Prophete Esaias Washyng of handes beganne either of the olde testament where thei did nothyng with vnwashed handes or els of the Gētiles whiche afore their sacrifices vsed too washe their handes as Hesiodus witnesseth BVRNYNG of encense y t was occupied in the old testament by Aaron and of the Panimes in their supersticiouse rites Leo y e third ordaigned to be had in the latyne churche The priuitie of the Masse called the Canon was made by diuerse persones as Gelasius made Te igitur Sitirius added Communicātes and Alexander the firste that was long before them made Qui pridie and that was the beginnyng of the Canon before that tyme. For Alexander was three hundred .lx. yeres more before Gelasius Hanc igitur Leo ioyned and Gregory annexed three peticiōs in thesame Diesque nostros and so furth Innocentius the first instituted that priestest in the vpper part