Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	earl_n	henry_n	philip_n	11,724	5	9.6070	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65093	The works of the famous antiquary, Polidore Virgil containing the original of all arts, sciences, mysteries, orders, rites, and ceremonies, both ecclesiastical and civil : a work useful for all divines, historians, lawyers, and all artificers / compendiously English't by John [i.e. Thomas] Langley.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1663 (1663)	Wing V596; ESTC R28374	121,672	340

The Crouch or Crosse Friers began about the year of our Lord 1215. by the device of Syracus Bishop of Jerusalem which shewed Helen mother of Constantine where the Crosse lay hid and in memorial of the Cross he caused this brotherhood and Colledge of Friers to bear the Cross and yet they never knew what the Cross weighed in their bodies or in their hearts and forasmuch as they were sore wasted Innocentius the third renewed the Religion CHAP. IV. Black and Grey-Fryers the Trinity-orderâ— Brigidians Jesuits new Hermites and Bonhomes ABout the time of Innocentius the third arose two famous founders of two superstitious Sects I mean Dominick the Spaniard and Francis the Italian of the Country of Vmbria Dominick at the first was a Canon but because he could not suffer to have a superiour and was also weary of the Cloyster he invented a new fraternity named Dominicans Black-Fryers or Fryers-Preachers because they had the charge to preach the Gospel without mixture of any Pharisaical leven The new guise of their Vesture made innocent Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the third by his Bull honourably admitted them the year of our Lord 1220 and Gregory the 9th put the matter all out of doubt canonized Dominick and by his Bull under Lead allowed him for a Saint Frances that was first of the Friers Augustines thinking that sect not to be sufficiently furnished with Hypocrisie began a new trade of living in the Mount Appenninus in a place named commonly Laverna doubtless a ground worthy for such a foundation as was beside the Word of God it was set up in the time of Honorius aforesaid They were named Minoribes of the humility and lowliness of heart that they should have but that was smally regarded and farthest from their study Two years after the year of our Lord God 1229 Francis was sanctified by Gregory and made a Saint Francisoans afterward fell at contention for the rules of their profession They that failed somewhat of the unperfect perfection of them retained the name of Minorites still the other entituled themselves Observants more worthy to be called Obstinate The latter fellows were brought inâ—o England by King Edward the 4th and were greatly inhanced by the famous Prince King Henry the 7th At the same time was Clara the Virgin Countrey-woman to Saint Francis which was a great Foundress of Nuns of the same Rule that Francis gave his Covent of them sprung the bastard Penitencers in the dayes of John the 22 and the year of our Lord 1315. The Order of the Trinity under Innocentius was begun by John Matta and Felix Anachorita in France in the County of Meldine Then also was founded or else not long after in the time of Martin the fourth the Religion of Virgins or Servants by one Philip of Florencia a Physitian and Benedict the 11th confirmed it in the year of our Lord 385. The Order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a Widow that was Princess of Sueta under Vrban the 5th in the year of our Lord 1370 it was as well of men as women albeit they dwelt severally by themselves The Family of Jesuits was the Invention of Johannes Columbinus in the City of Senes in the time of the same Urban the year of our Lord 1368 they were no Priests nor consecrated persons but were men of the lay sort given and addicted to prayer and had the name of Jesuits because that name of Jesus should be often in their mouth they be much like to our Beads-men in England The Sect of new Hermites began in Urbin a City in Italy in the Countrey of Umbria where Polidore Virgil was born and was the device of one Petrus an Hetrurian and they had in the same City a goodly Hospitall or Guild-Hall The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmund son of Richard Earl of Cornwall which was brother to Henry the third and was elected King of the Romans and heir apparent to the Empire by the principal Electors about the year of our Lord 1257. The speciall head place of that Religion was Astrige where the noble King Henry the eighth hath now a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the bloud of our Saviour as it was said into the Realm CHAP. V. The original of sacred Knights and white sect WHilest the City of Jerusalem before our Christian men had conquered it in the year of our Lord 1099 was in subjection to the Saracens the Latine Christians that lived there tributaries purchased a licence to build near unto the Holy Sepulchre dwelling houses and among other they made an Hospital of our Lady to receive the strange Pilgrims and appointed a Provost to entertain them This was in Silvester the first his time the year of our Lord three hundred twenty and four and renewed the year of Christ one thousand three hundred ninety and seven in the time of Celestine the third Bishop of Rome After the pattern of this house was devised a like house of Virgins in memorial of Mary Magdalen to receive the Women that resorted thither It began in the 2d Vrbanes dayes the year of our Lord 1099. Notwithstanding because the multitude of Latine Pilgrimes waxed very great they builded three Hospitals of Saint John Baptist as some say Albeit some think it was of John Eleemosinarius that was the Patriarch of Alexandria in the reign of the Emperour Phocas This Sect one Gerardus adorned with a white Cross in a black vesture grand Captain of these Knights was Ramundus when Clement the fifth had the See of Rome about the year of our Lord 1310 yet some affirm that the beginning of them was in the 3d Alexanders dayes the year of Christ one thousand one hundred seventy and nine and they be called of the order of Saint John or Knights of the Rhodes because they won the Rhodes from the Turks which afterwards they lost again in January in the year of our Salvation one thousand five hundred twenty three albeit they did long defend it manfully The Temples order was begun in Gelasius the second his dayes in the year of Christs Incarnation one thousand one hundred twenty and eight by Hugo Paganus and Gaufridus de sancto Alexandro they were named Templers because they kept in a part of the buildings near to the Temple they kept Bernardus rule in their living But Clement the fifth deposed them partly for that they renounced the Faith and conspired with the Turks and partly for other notable crimes The order of Teutonicks or Dutch Lords began in Jerusalem by a Dutch man whose name is not known Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christs Cross it began in the dayes of Clement the third the year of Christs incarnation 1190. Petrus Ferdinandus a Spaniard began the order of Saint James Knights that lived after St Austins rule under Alexander the third and in the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and sixty in the same

of Mary the Virgin in a Table painted And in the Sixth Council held at Constantinople by the commandment of Constantine and Justinian the second his son it was decreed That Images should be received into the Churches and worshipped with great reverence as a thing whereby the Laity might be instructed as instead of Scripture and that Incense might be burned and Tapers lighted before them This was about the year of our Lord 630 or as some take it about the 703 year or our Lord when Agatus was Bishop of Rome Afterward Constantine Bishop there confirmed that Decree and caused Images in the Church of Saint Peter and pronounced Philip the Emperour an Heretick because he had shaven and scraped away the Imagery that was in S. Sophie's Temple Not long after they were ratified and established in the Council of Nice where were assembled by the procurement of Eirene Mother of Constantine the 6th 350 Bishops The great Prophet of God Moses and his Successour Joshua divided the Land of Canaan among the Israelites assigning no part thereof to the Tribe of Levi because they were the Lord's portion saving that he gave them habitations in every Tribe and a little pasture for their Neat Sheep and other Cattle Therefore because they ministred in the Tabernacle of the Lord and executed such ceremonies as appertained to their Religion he appointed for them the first-fruits and tenths to live on And after this sort began the paying of Tythes by the Institution of Moses And Origen on the book of Numbers affirmeth that this commandement is to be observed of us after the letter without any allegory or mystical interpretation And it appeareth by Christ's words that he alloweth the literal sense of the old Law where he saith in the Gospel Wo be unto you Scribes and Pharisees ye that tythe Mint and Rue and all manner of herbs and passe over judgment and the Law of God these ought to have been done and not to leave the other undone where you may perceive how that as he commandeth one so he would not have the other omitted that be signified there litterally Eutychianus because in the Old Testament the first fruits were offered to the Lord ordained that Corn should be consecrated on the Altar as Oyl and Incense was burned in the Hebrews Synagogue and that Decree remaineth still in effect in some places But the Priests vertue is so old and mens devotion waxeth so cold that instead of the first-fruits now adayes the people use to bring on the Sundayes a few loaves of bread in some places two or three as they be disposed and those the Priest consecrateth and parteth by pieces among the people that whereas in time past they used to receive the Sacrament on those dayes now they eat this bread hallowed in memorial of it And this they do after the pattern of Christ which was ever wont to hallow bread before he either eat it or gave it to his Disciples Other Nations also used to offer their first-fruits and Tythes as the Romans offered to Hercules and Bacchus to Jupiter Mars gave to Jupiter the tenth of his prey of Lydia Urbanus a man of godly living and singular learning about the year of our Lord 222 decreed That it was lawful for Priests to receive such Rents or Lands as were given them albeit there was nothing private to any man but common to all And thus by little and little the spirituall possessions were enlarged and Bishops of Rome were greatly enriched Lucina an holy Maid of Rome made Marcellus Bishop there her Heir and Executor and afterward Constantine did largely endow the same Bishop The End of the Sixth Book Polidore Virgil. The Seventh BOOK CHAP. I. The beginning of the solitary life of Religious Persons THe matter hath been long in controversy who first began to inhabite VVildernesses for some as Saint Jerome witnesseth that have ransacked the uttermost say that Helias and John Baptist were Authors of the life solitary but as the one was more then a Prophet so the other was above the state and condition of Monks Some assign the original of it to Anthony others refer it to one Paul a Thebane surnamed Heremite But for asmuch as every man may speak his fancy in a thing doubtfull I think the institution of this Monastical life to have proceeded of the Essees a Religious brotherhood among the Hebrews that lived after a greater perfection then Monks did in their Superstitious and Fantastical Traditions as appeareth by the Eighth book of Eusebius De preparatione Evangelica Of their proceedings Anthony and Paul the Thebane took example of ordering the Rules and Precepts of their Religious Schollers Albeit it is right to ascribe the original of it to Anthony which although he were not the first yet he did much incourage the indeavours of all other to lead that life and Authorised the Discipline of Monks in Aegypt and afterward Basilius in Greece and Hilarion in Syria did much augment and amplify that purpose For this Hilarion a man of great vertue by calling on the name of Jesus healed at the City or Gaza the sons of a Noble Woman whereupon the brute of him was so noised that many out of Syria and Aegypt repaired unto him and he founded Abbeys in Palestine and instructed them with rules of living As for Anthony he lived in the Wildernesse of Thebais in Egypt and builded there an Abbey where he himself with Sarmatas Amatas and Macarius his Disciples lived in so earnest contemplation and Prayer that they lived onely with bread and water his holinesse was such that Helena mother of Constantine did commend her self and her son to his Prayers He died in the Wildernesse when he was an hundred years old the year of our Salvation 341 his Disciples Amatas and Macarius increased much the Religion after his death and Sarmatus was slain by the Saracens The institution of this state of living came I grant of a good zeal to godlinesse but the Devil perverter of all good things did so impoyson the hearts of men that they had more trust in their works then Faith in Christs bloud and then every man began new rules of works to be their own Saviours which was abominable in the sight of God CHAP. II. The division of Monastical life into sâ—â—dry Sects and factions IN the year 166 after the death of Anthony Bennet an Italian born at Nursi in Vmbria when he had lived long in solitarinesse resorted to a City of Italy named Sabblaque a City of the Latines fourty miles from Rome And because he was greatly delighted with a solitary life and also the people pressed to see and hear his preachings he departed thence to Cassine And in the time of John the first in the year of our Lord 524 he builded there an Abbey and assembled the Monks that were dispersed alone in divers places into one covent and ordered them with instructions of

and above The summoners and catch-poles that were hangers unto those Breviatours were by Nicolas the third put out of office lest all the poor sheep should be â—lay'd to the quick But all this filled not so much the Popes Coffers in 7 years as his Annates did in one Annates he called the yearly revenues or half part of the fruits of a Benefice or spiritual promotion that he received of the new incumbents These began first at his own Benefices whereof he was patron And Clement the fifth generally decreed it in the year of our Lord 1305 Bonifacius the ninth and John the 22th renewed the Decree for fear of forgetting because it helpeth much the purse CHAP. III. Of the Sect of Simoniakes Hereticks and Schisms PHilip the Deacon when he had by his preaching converted them of Samaria to Christs Religion among many other he turned one Simon a Magician and inchanter and Baptised him In short space after Peter and Johâ— were sent thither to confirm them in the Faith by giving them the Holy Ghost through laying on of hands this Simon perceiving the feat of Peter that he could by laying on of hands give the Holy Ghost profered to give a large sum of money to have that power taught him whereas he should rather have obtained it by Faith and godlinesse Peter moved at those words with anger said Thy money shall turn to thy destruction because thou supposest the gift of God to be bought with money neither shalt thou have any portion or dâ—al of this charge for thy heart is not upright before God Thus rejected of his suit he became a great enemy to Peter and in Rome seduced by his Magick much people insomuch that he was taken and proclaimed by Neroes Charter a god with this title Simon deus sanctus But Peter with the sword of Gods word after long conflict of words and contention of miracles between the Capitol or Councel-chamber and the Mount Aventine caused that as he was by his Magical exorcisms lifted up and flying in the Ayre he had such a fall that he brake his Leg and it cost him his life in Aretia where he lay at Surgery for the healing of his leg Of him all that buy and sell the gifts of the Holy Ghost and say the World was not of the creation of God but proceeded of a power above were named Simoniakes and some call them that buy or sell Benefices and spiritual promotions which thing although it be often used is plainly forbidden by the Scriptures Next Simon succeeded his Disciple Menander a Samaritane born which called himself a Saviour sent from heaven to preserve and save men and promised them that received his Baptism should live immortally he did more harm and perverced more than his Master Simon had done In the same year the heresy of the Nicolaitans began which taught that VVives should be used in common as the Anabaptists do now at this time Then also Corinthus enterprised to mix the new Law with the old affirming Circumcision ought to be observed and kept and that after the Resurrection men should live a thousand years in carnal lusts and pleasures In those dayes Ebion his heresie brake out which said That Christ was not before his Mother Against this fellow John wrote his Gospel last of all the Evangelists About that time were other divers hereticks as Basilides that affirmed there were two beginnings principal causes of things contrary and his Scholler Marcion a Stoician that denyed Christ to be the Son of God and Valentian that said Christ took no flesh of the Virgins body but passed thorow her as it were through a Pipe or Conduit Then also Montanus named himself the Comforter or Holy Ghost Apelles was then also which said Christ was but a phantasie in the sight of men and Sabellius that said the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost were but one Person and Paulus Samosatenus which denyed the two Natures to be in Christ and that he began but of his Mother and that she had after him more children by Joseph And thus began Hereticks first to spring up As for Schisms which sprung of such heresies and erroniâ—us opinions Novatianus a Priest of Rome was the first author in the year of our Lord 255 in the time of Cornelius Bishop of Rome He named his disciples Mundi that is pure and clean and he affirmed that offenders ought not to be admitted but rejected although they were penitent for their sins Which opinion the Anabaptists now maintain He was condemned by Cornelius Bishop of Rome as an heretick with all his adherents About 80 years after in the reign of Constantine the Great Arrius a Priest of Alexandria was the beginner of a Sect and Schism that denyed the Son to be of the substance of God the Father but this was convict in the Council of Nicene albeit not extinct The third Schism was when Damasus was Bishop of Rome wherein they contended not only with voyces and words but also with violence and weapons by reason of the ambition of the Bishops there assembled Other Schisms have sprung in our time to the great disquietness and confusion of Christian Religion and destruction of Common-wealths which I pray God may be redressed and stayed to the honour of Him to the confirmation of the faithful to the subversion of hypocrisie to the advancement of Gods Word to the mitigating of the trouble of publike weals to the establishment of perpetual unity of heart and continual peace all dissention and war extinguished CHAP. IV. When the first General Council was kept and which were allowed by the Fathers THe custome of assembling Councils to take deliberation of things doubtfull or matters serious is of great ancientry as well among the Hebrews as other Nations And by such a manner of Council was Matthias surrogated and substiâ—uted in the stead of Judas into the number of the Apostles And by a Couucil holden at Jerusalem the Apostles discharged the Gentiles of Moses's law Cornelius was the first as plainly appeareth that called together any Council and that was in Rome of 600 Bishops and as many Priests wiâ—h a great multitude of Deacons In this Council the heresie of the Novatians was convicted And at the same time sate also a Council at Carthage where Saint Cyprian was Bishop Eusebius wriâ—eth also That once in the dayes of Dionysius and likewise in the time of Felix the Fathers summoned another Council at Antioch to condemn Paul Samosatene which denyed the two Natures of Christ as is aforesaid Five other Councils were celebrated in the reign of Constantine the Emperour and all were in Greece One at Nicea a City of Bithine where were gathered 318 Bishops to confute Arrius and his Sect. This was the year of Christ 324 the same time that Sylvester the First was Bishop of Rome The second was at Constantinople when Damasus was Bishop of Rome wherein Macedonius

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