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it_o shall_v be_v void_a at_o that_o time_n for_o every_o one_o who_o shall_v make_v a_o charter_n of_o pardon_n aught_o to_o be_v king_n in_o deed_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v thereof_o m._n pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v against_o my_o first_o two_o argument_n before_o you_o go_v on_o to_o answer_v the_o rest_n for_o i_o confess_v the_o authority_n you_o bring_v seem_v so_o express_v against_o i_o that_o if_o i_o can_v take_v they_o off_o there_o will_v be_v no_o further_o need_v for_o your_o answer_v the_o rest_n i_o will_v not_o therefore_o deny_v but_o that_o all_o public_a act_n and_o proceed_n at_o law_n which_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o
still_o follow_v it_o even_o when_o the_o baron_n prove_v most_o fortunate_a as_o in_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n and_o that_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n and_o their_o follower_n nay_o after_o the_o former_a king_n have_v be_v unjust_o depose_v we_o still_o find_v the_o actor_n and_o complice_n of_o such_o wicked_a action_n do_v not_o think_v themselves_o safe_a till_o they_o have_v a_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v to_o they_o of_o all_o the_o robbery_n and_o murder_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o the_o war_n as_o yourself_o have_v recite_v in_o the_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o henry_n the_o four_o now_o if_o these_o resistance_n have_v not_o be_v downright_a rebellion_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v since_o no_o man_n needs_o a_o pardon_n but_o rather_o merit_v a_o reward_n for_o defend_v the_o government_n establish_v according_a to_o law_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n for_o which_o i_o be_o already_o prepare_v since_o i_o foresee_v you_o may_v make_v it_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o whether_o you_o can_v find_v the_o word_n treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n or_o murder_n in_o any_o of_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o if_o you_o can_v whether_o you_o think_v treason_n or_o murder_n can_v be_v pardon_v by_o general_a word_n or_o not_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o ask_v this_o question_n be_v because_o if_o they_o can_v not_o than_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o none_o of_o these_o parliament_n suppose_v that_o the_o resistance_n that_o have_v be_v make_v or_o all_o the_o other_o act_v perform_v in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o resistance_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o those_o that_o have_v do_v they_o no_o nor_o by_o the_o parliament_n itself_o to_o be_v treason_n rebellion_n or_o murder_n since_o certain_o those_o that_o be_v actor_n in_o such_o resistance_n and_o take_v up_o of_o arm_n have_v the_o power_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v have_v those_o word_n insert_v into_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n if_o they_o have_v suppose_v themselves_o guilty_a of_o those_o crime_n m._n i_o can_v say_v that_o the_o word_n treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o murder_n be_v express_o mention_v in_o these_o statute_n since_o even_o the_o actor_n in_o they_o do_v not_o think_v it_o for_o their_o credit_n to_o own_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o any_o such_o crime_n yet_o all_o the_o particular_a word_n and_o expression_n in_o these_o act_n amount_v to_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n for_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n with_o one_o that_o be_v not_o king_n against_o he_o that_o be_v &_o the_o actual_o seize_v upon_o his_o person_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o hold_n be_v treason_n at_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o be_v not_o take_v man_n good_n by_o force_n and_o destroy_v their_o person_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n rebellion_n and_o murder_n at_o common_a law_n so_o that_o if_o these_o be_v the_o fact_n they_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o and_o if_o these_o act_n be_v treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n and_o murder_n then_o certain_o all_o treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n and_o murder_n be_v likewise_o pardon_v by_o those_o statute_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n be_v now_o that_o no_o pardon_n of_o treason_n or_o murder_n shall_v be_v good_a unless_o those_o offence_n be_v particular_o name_v 1._o yet_o this_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o by_o which_o it_o be_v particular_o provide_v that_o no_o pardon_n shall_v be_v allow_v before_o any_o justice_n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n etc._n etc._n treason_n etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o same_o murder_n treason_n etc._n etc._n be_v specify_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n before_o which_o statute_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o second_o instit._n tell_v we_o 236._o that_o by_o the_o pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n treason_n be_v pardon_v and_o so_o be_v murder_n etc._n etc._n f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o fact_n you_o mention_n be_v treason_n in_o strictness_n of_o law_n before_o the_o make_v that_o statute_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o even_o these_o may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n justifiable_a as_o well_o as_o bind_v a_o king_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o his_o wit_n if_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o thus_o for_o example_n suppose_v king_n john_n after_o he_o have_v make_v actual_a war_n upon_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n have_v happen_v to_o have_v his_o force_n rout_v in_o the_o field_n can_v any_o one_o believe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o have_v secure_v his_o person_n to_o prevent_v his_o make_v a_o new_a war_n upon_o they_o and_o yet_o this_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n have_v be_v treason_n now_o there_o be_v many_o action_n which_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n be_v treason_n yet_o be_v for_o the_o public_a defence_n and_o security_n of_o the_o nation_n deserve_v a_o pardon_n of_o course_n thus_o if_o foreign_a enemy_n shall_v land_v in_o england_n and_o a_o neighbour_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v raise_v on_o the_o sudden_a such_o a_o force_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v ahead_n against_o they_o till_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o country_n can_v come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n though_o this_o take_v up_o of_o arm_n without_o a_o express_a commission_n for_o it_o be_v a_o high_a misdemeanour_n â—ay_n treason_n according_a to_o your_o principle_n yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v pardon_n but_o thanks_o for_o their_o courage_n and_o so_o speedy_a assistance_n of_o the_o government_n and_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v a_o famous_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o when_o the_o traitor_n concern_v in_o the_o powder-plot_n find_v themselves_o discover_v they_o flee_v into_o warwickshire_n and_o thence_o into_o worcestershire_n and_o be_v pursue_v and_o take_v by_o the_o high_a sheriff_n of_o that_o county_n in_o staffordshire_n which_o though_o a_o great_a misdemeanour_n since_o no_o sheriff_n can_v justify_v carry_v the_o posse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la out_o of_o the_o county_n yet_o this_o be_v so_o well_o take_v that_o king_n james_n the_o first_o reward_v he_o and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o knight_v he_o for_o his_o pain_n but_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n though_o it_o be_v true_a take_v and_o imprison_v the_o king_n person_n be_v treason_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o if_o the_o government_n can_v not_o be_v restore_v to_o its_o pristine_a state_n without_o that_o extremity_n it_o must_v and_o will_v ever_o deserve_v a_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o you_o see_v the_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o not_o only_o pardon_n but_o justify_v the_o do_v of_o it_o because_o do_v for_o that_o end_n so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o chap._n 1._o not_o only_o indemnify_v but_o justify_v the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n the_o earl_n lord_n and_o all_o other_o of_o his_o party_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a though_o maintain_v and_o back_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o be_v do_v for_o the_o weal_n and_o safeguard_n of_o the_o â—_z the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o salvation_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o much_o for_o the_o point_n of_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o imprison_v his_o person_n so_o that_o if_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o king_n and_o salvation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v just_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o take_n of_o man_n good_n and_o kill_v of_o these_o that_o resist_v they_o can_v be_v robbery_n or_o murder_n because_o do_v in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n which_o can_v never_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o such_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o therefore_o you_o see_v in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o to_o the_o londoner_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o thâ—_n king_n be_v as_o express_o pardon_v as_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o pardon_v the_o treason_n of_o they_o that_o have_v commission_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o second_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o act_v by_o commission_n from_o other_o pretend_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o so_o modern_a a_o parliament_n man_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v act_v by_o â—is_n commission_n if_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v illegal_a m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o justify_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o nay_o imprisonment_n of_o our_o king_n when_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n require_v it_o that_o be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o â—action_n in_o the_o kingdom_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o disturbance_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v for_o otho_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o kill_v galba_n than_o emperor_n that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o speak_v more_o for_o the_o justification_n of_o that_o action_n quod_fw-la laudari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la peractum_fw-la treason_n if_o successful_a have_v never_o want_v a_o sufficient_a party_n in_o the_o nation_n to_o make_v up_o a_o parliament_n to_o countenance_v they_o and_o to_o pardon_v nay_o justify_v all_o those_o that_o have_v be_v actor_n in_o they_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n you_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o the_o more_o convince_v that_o such_o resistance_n be_v lawful_a notwithstanding_o those_o specious_a declaration_n of_o parliament_n of_o their_o be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n but_o you_o have_v do_v very_o wary_o to_o pass_v by_o without_o any_o justification_n the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o resistance_n as_o you_o call_v it_o of_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o also_o his_o deposition_n though_o do_v in_o parliament_n since_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o this_o king_n be_v repeal_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o king_n reign_n wherein_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o his_o faith_n etc._n and_o legiance_n and_o his_o take_v the_o crown_n call_v usurpation_n and_o the_o kill_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o sovereign_a lord_n term_v as_o it_o just_o deserve_v murder_v and_o tyranny_n which_o do_v though_o not_o direct_o yet_o by_o consequence_n condemn_v his_o deposition_n too_o since_o he_o be_v after_o that_o here_o call_v king_n and_o you_o do_v as_o wary_o pass_v by_o the_o late_a rebellious_a war_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o also_o his_o horrid_a murder_n before_o his_o own_o gate_n because_o you_o know_v cry_v well_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n seldom_o stop_v with_o a_o bare_a reformation_n of_o what_o be_v amiss_o but_o common_o end_v with_o the_o murder_n or_o deposition_n of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o drive_v he_o from_o his_o throne_n as_o we_o now_o find_v it_o by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o person_n of_o our_o unfortunate_a king_n who_o be_v so_o late_o force_v to_o quit_v this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n and_o therefore_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dispute_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o great_a mischief_n that_o attend_v this_o rebellious_a doctrine_n as_o have_v be_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a prince_n that_o ever_o reign_v and_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a man_n beside_o the_o ruin_n of_o so_o many_o great_a and_o noble_a family_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o prevent_v it_o for_o the_o future_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o pass_v those_o remarkable_a act_n concern_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o take_v away_o all_o dispute_n about_o it_o though_o they_o declare_v it_o to_o have_v be_v his_o ancient_n right_o and_o therefore_o to_o take_v away_o all_o pretence_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n either_o by_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o they_o in_o preamble_n to_o both_o these_o 6._o that_o these_o act_n thus_o express_o declare_v forasmuch_o as_o within_o all_o his_o majesty_n realm_n and_o dominion_n the_o sole_a supreme_a government_n command_v and_o disposition_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o of_o all_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o of_o all_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n over_o be_v the_o undoubted_a right_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o royal_a predecessor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o or_o either_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v nor_o aught_o to_o pretend_v to_o the_o same_o nor_o can_v lawful_o raise_v or_o â—evy_v war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n or_o lawful_a successor_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o have_v of_o late_o be_v practise_v almost_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o during_o the_o late_a usurp_v government_n many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n have_v be_v distil_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o unless_o prevent_v may_v break_v â—orth_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v likewise_o ordain_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o 2d_o statute_n for_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n 3d._n wherein_o not_o only_o the_o same_o preamble_n be_v recite_v verbatim_o as_o before_o in_o the_o former_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v also_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n no_o not_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o act_v as_o lieutenant_n deputy_n lieutenant_n officer_z or_o soldier_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n unless_o after_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n they_o take_v this_o oath_n follow_v viz._n i_o a._n b._n do_v declare_v and_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o that_o i_o do_v abhor_v that_o traitor_n position_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v take_v by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o
heir_n within_o age_n of_o such_o tenant_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o subject_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n dicitur_fw-la regale_n seâ—vitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestis_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o sir_n e._n c._n note_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o tenure_n as_o before_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o then_o invent_v but_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o the_o k._n viz._n wardship_n and_o marriage_n which_o be_v bracton_n meaning_n so_o as_o the_o conqueror_n provide_v for_o himself_o but_o other_o lord_n at_o the_o first_o by_o special_a reservation_n since_o the_o conquest_n provide_v upon_o gift_n of_o land_n for_o themselves_o regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplum_fw-la totuâ—_fw-la componitur_fw-la orbis_fw-la wherein_o that_o which_o we_o have_v from_o the_o conqueror_n we_o free_o confess_v f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v his_o matter_n since_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n and_o though_o sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v of_o opinion_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr wardiâ—_n that_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n yet_o sir_n john_n his_o son_n who_o be_v also_o a_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o epilogue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n of_o k._n alfred_n life_n print_v at_o oxford_n speak_v of_o military_a fee_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n thanes_z 117._o have_v this_o passage_n haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la fioda_n baeredibus_fw-la sub_fw-la hereoti_n siâ—e_fw-la relevaminis_fw-la cujus_fw-la piam_fw-la quod_fw-la haeres_fw-la in_o terrae_fw-la redemptionem_fw-la regi_fw-la solvere_fw-la tenebatur_fw-la conditione_n plerumque_fw-la transibat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la haeres_fw-la minor_fw-la natu_fw-la à _fw-la patre_fw-la moriente_fw-la relinquebatur_fw-la regi_fw-la educatio_fw-la ojus_fw-la utpoâ—â—_n regis_n hominis_fw-la committebatur_fw-la in_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o use_n in_o k._n william_n time_n or_o before_o be_v uncertain_a for_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o mat._n paris_n grant_v either_o to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o heir_n but_o let_v these_o custom_n be_v derive_v from_o whence_o you_o please_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o by_o the_o doctor_n own_o show_v for_o be_v it_o a_o norman_a custom_n never_o so_o much_o if_o your_o conqueror_n first_o of_o all_o impose_v it_o upon_o those_o he_o bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o badge_n of_o slavery_n upon_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o rather_o upon_o the_o norman_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v chief_o impose_v and_o if_o they_o afterward_o grant_v land_n to_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o same_o term_n they_o hold_v they_o themselves_o they_o be_v no_o more_o slave_n to_o who_o they_o be_v grant_v than_o they_o be_v under_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o but_o indeed_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o my_o badge_n of_o servitude_n that_o if_o the_o dr._n himself_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v these_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n homines_fw-la and_o their_o service_n bracton_n say_v be_v so_o notorious_o free_a that_o in_o writ_n of_o right_n it_o be_v never_o mention_v because_o so_o well_o know_v notandum_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quod_fw-la constat_fw-la quia_fw-la tale_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o hour_n rigorous_a the_o feudal_n law_n may_v be_v at_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v when_o your_o conqueror_n come_v in_o so_o far_o mitigate_v as_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o that_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o only_o free_a by_o k._n william_n law_n from_o all_o arbitrary_a tax_n and_o tally_n but_o also_o obtain_v a_o settle_a inheritance_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n in_o k._n william_n charter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o william_n of_o warren_n earl_n of_o surrey_n be_v question_v after_o the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la by_o the_o king_n justice_n by_o what_o warrant_n he_o hold_v his_o land_n 79._o pull_v out_o a_o old_a sword_n he_o answer_v to_o this_o effect_n behold_v my_o lord_n here_o be_v my_o warranty_n my_o ancestor_n come_v into_o this_o land_n with_o william_n the_o bastard_n and_o obtain_v those_o land_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o i_o be_o resolve_v with_o this_o sword_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o any_o whosoever_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o dispossess_v i_o for_o the_o k._n do_v not_o himself_o alone_o conquer_v the_o land_n but_o our_o progenitor_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o and_o assistant_n therein_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o divers_a french_a writer_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o do_v not_o attribute_v their_o agreement_n to_o their_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o norman_n 461._o but_o quite_o contrary_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n most_o of_o the_o learned_a man_n say_v that_o the_o first_o establish_v of_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o afterward_o again_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n when_o normandy_n be_v not_o under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o sâ—querius_n a_o french_a author_n relate_v that_o k._n henry_n i_o establish_v the_o english_a law_n in_o normandy_n and_o with_o he_o do_v also_o agree_v gulielmus_fw-la brito_n rutilarius_fw-la and_o other_o french_a writer_n who_o mention_n also_o that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n collect_v by_o our_o english_a k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o be_v before_o the_o conqueror_n a_o additional_a testimony_n hereof_o be_v out_o of_o william_n de_fw-fr reville_n de_fw-fr alenson_n who_o in_o his_o latin_a comment_n upon_o the_o customary_a preface_n prove_v and_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o normandy_n come_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o nation_n either_o not_o long_o before_o or_o after_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n in_o the_o customary_a there_o be_v a_o chapter_n of_o nampe_n or_o distress_n and_o it_o be_v there_o decree_v that_o one_o shall_v not_o bring_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o seizure_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o k._n richard_n and_o this_o must_v be_v our_o k._n richard_n the_o first_o because_o no_o k._n of_o france_n be_v ever_o of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o word_n nampe_n and_o withernams_n be_v saxon_a word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o english_a law_n signify_v a_o pawn_n or_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v use_v in_o the_o customary_a but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o object_n against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v proceed_v to_o your_o last_o head_n and_o let_v i_o see_v how_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o english_a lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n m._n i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o before_o concern_v the_o original_a use_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n in_o our_o report_n and_o law_n book_n but_o yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v first_o that_o the_o norman_a french_a be_v never_o use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o justice_n till_o after_o the_o conqueror_n entrance_n second_o that_o he_o do_v his_o endeavour_n total_o to_o root_v out_o the_o english_a tongue_n by_o order_v of_o child_n to_o learn_v the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o their_o grammar_n in_o french_a and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v especial_o as_o to_o tenor_n derive_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o custom_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o french_a writer_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o shall_v believe_v it_o when_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o
rebellion_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o 2_o d_o and_o to_o depose_v he_o i_o can_v see_v why_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o same_o crime_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o to_o who_o he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o have_v take_v he_o prisoner_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n whereby_o himself_o be_v declare_v protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n disinherit_v after_o a_o quiet_a possession_n in_o three_o descent_n during_o the_o space_n of_o above_o sixty_o year_n which_o if_o it_o will_v not_o give_v a_o thorough_a settlement_n after_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o confirm_v it_o i_o know_v not_o what_o can_v m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o transaction_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v yet_o and_o i_o shall_v very_o much_o incline_v to_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n be_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o our_o king_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o god_n law_n as_o well_o as_o man_n as_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o more_o than_o one_o parliament_n have_v be_v of_o my_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o several_a statute_n and_o declaration_n of_o parliament_n which_o though_o not_o print_v be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n upon_o the_o parliament_n roll_n for_o after_o that_o henry_n the_o 6_o the_o or_o rather_o his_o queen_n for_o he_o have_v break_v the_o aforesaid_a solemn_a agreement_n make_v between_o this_o king_n and_o duke_n in_o parliament_n whereby_o it_o be_v accord_v that_o if_o king_n henry_n make_v war_n again_o upon_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n he_o shall_v then_o forfeit_v his_o present_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n during_o his_o life_n chron._n whereupon_o queen_n margaret_n and_o her_o son_n prince_n edward_n who_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o this_o agreement_n renew_v the_o war_n and_o fight_v another_o battle_n at_o wakefield_n the_o say_a duke_n be_v slay_v but_o though_o he_o do_v not_o live_v to_o enjoy_v his_o right_n yet_o his_o son_n edward_n earl_n of_o march_n again_o recover_v it_o and_o have_v in_o the_o second_o battle_n of_o st._n alban_n take_v k._n henry_n prisoner_n triumphant_o march_v to_o london_n he_o there_o declare_v himself_o king_n 388._o and_o have_v immediate_o call_v a_o parliament_n it_o be_v therein_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o k._n richard_n the_o ad_fw-la be_v repeal_v and_o the_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v declare_v against_o his_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o that_o with_o violence_n he_o have_v usurp_v upon_o the_o royal_a power_n and_o dignity_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o he_o have_v by_o cruel_a tyranny_n murder_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a king_n richard_n his_o liege_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n against_o god_n law_n and_o his_o own_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o then_o they_o proceed_v further_a to_o declare_v in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v of_o this_o present_a parliament_n ibid._n have_v sufficient_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o the_o say_v unrightwise_o usurpation_n and_o intrusion_n by_o the_o say_v henry_n late_a earl_n of_o derby_n upon_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o england_n know_v also_o certain_o without_o doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n viz._n king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o thereunto_o true_a and_o that_o by_o god_n law_n man_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o and_o none_o other_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v their_o true_a rightwise_o and_o natural_a liege_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o right_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v noble_a and_o famous_a prince_n his_o father_n very_o just_a king_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o will_v for_o ever_o take_v accept_v and_o repute_n the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o forth_o their_o sovereign_n and_o liege_n lord_n and_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n and_o none_o other_o according_a to_o the_o say_v right_o and_o title_n and_o that_o the_o same_o henry_n unrightwise_o 389._o against_o law_n conscience_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n usurp_v upon_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o that_o he_o and_o also_o henry_n late_o call_v k._n henry_n the_o 5_o the_o his_o son_n and_o henry_n late_o call_v henry_n the_o 6_o the_o his_o son_n occupy_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o lordship_n of_o ireland_n and_o exercise_v the_o governance_n thereof_o by_o unrightwise_n intrusion_n usurpation_n and_o no_o otherwise_o that_o the_o â—motion_n of_o henry_n late_o call_v king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o from_o the_o exercise_n occupation_n usurpation_n intrusion_n reign_n and_o governance_n of_o the_o say_v realm_n and_o lordship_n do_v by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o be_v and_o be_v rightwise_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n and_o so_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v hold_v repute_v and_o occupy_v i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a on_o this_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o full_a and_o free_a declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n nor_o only_o against_o all_o past_a as_o well_o as_o future_a parliament_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o be_v also_o as_o express_v a_o declaration_n as_o word_n can_v make_v against_o any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o predecessor_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o have_v be_v a_o little_a too_o tedious_a in_o recite_v these_o record_n f._n i_o can_v blame_v you_o for_o be_v very_o exact_a in_o this_o point_n because_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o cause_n depend_v upon_o it_o but_o yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o much_o awe_v by_o king_n edward_n power_n be_v now_o conqueror_n as_o ever_o those_o parliament_n be_v that_o depose_v edward_n and_o richard_n the_o 2_o d_o for_o you_o yourself_o have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o till_o after_o a_o great_a victory_n obtain_v against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o and_o i_o never_o find_v in_o all_o my_o read_n that_o a_o victorious_a prince_n ever_o want_v power_n enough_o to_o get_v a_o parliament_n call_v to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n and_o declare_v his_o competitor_n a_o usurper_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o full_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o thus_o positive_o declare_v edward_n the_o 4_o the_o to_o be_v their_o sovereign_a lord_n by_o god_n law_n man_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o think_v can_v no_o way_n consist_v either_o with_o scripture_n reason_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o first_o place_n i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o divine_a right_o of_o succession_n for_o the_o heir_n of_o crown_n any_o more_o than_o of_o other_o inheritance_n either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o that_o of_o nature_n and_o as_o for_o man_n law_n i_o think_v i_o have_v here_o also_o prove_v that_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n alone_o be_v never_o establish_v by_o any_o positive_a law_n nor_o yet_o settle_v by_o any_o constant_a or_o interrupt_a custom_n when_o this_o declaration_n be_v make_v for_o the_o crown_n have_v then_o never_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n for_o above_o two_o descent_n without_o a_o deposition_n or_o possess_v by_o those_o who_o claim_v by_o right_o of_o blood_n without_o any_o other_o title_n for_o as_o for_o the_o three_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o yourself_o must_v also_o own_v it_o that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o from_o the_o act_n of_o entail_v of_o the_o 7_o the_o and_o 8_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o above_o mention_v so_o that_o according_a to_o man_n law_n that_o be_v custom_n and_o also_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n have_v all_o that_o time_n the_o better_a title_n but_o to_o show_v you_o what_o uncertain_a thing_n parliament_n be_v when_o king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n he_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n turn_v sudden_o against_o he_o and_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o replaced_a king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o upon_o the_o throne_n who_o have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n keep_v
act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o go_v upon_o a_o wrong_a ground_n when_o you_o suppose_v that_o there_o can_v be_v now_o any_o dispute_n who_o be_v rightful_a king_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v you_o that_o he_o can_v neither_o abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o no_o parliament_n whatever_o much_o less_o a_o convention_n can_v have_v any_o power_n to_o declare_v he_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o that_o thereby_o the_o throne_n be_v become_v vacant_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o legal_o assemble_v aught_o to_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a submission_n and_o respect_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v only_o in_o such_o matter_n which_o they_o have_v a_o legal_a cognizance_n of_o and_o which_o they_o be_v impower_v by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o determine_v but_o since_o their_o vote_v he_o who_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v to_o have_v be_v their_o lawful_a king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o throne_n when_o indeed_o he_o have_v not_o and_o then_o not_o only_o to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a but_o also_o to_o place_v those_o therein_o who_o you_o yourself_o dare_v not_o affirm_v to_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n be_v thing_n quite_o out_o of_o their_o element_n and_o beyond_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o they_o may_v sometime_o judge_v concern_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o who_o be_v next_o heir_n to_o it_o yet_o be_v this_o only_a to_o be_v understand_v as_o far_o as_o they_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o succession_n already_o lay_v down_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n and_o not_o when_o they_o go_v quite_o contrary_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o though_o i_o own_o the_o parliament_n may_v just_o declare_v henry_n the_o vith_o to_o be_v a_o usurper_n and_o consequent_o may_v be_v depose_v yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v a_o like_a right_a to_o declare_v edward_n the_o ivth_o a_o usurper_n and_o to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o attainder_n against_o he_o as_o i_o confess_v they_o do_v after_o that_o prince_n have_v hold_v the_o crown_n for_o ten_o year_n together_o since_o that_o be_v beyond_o their_o power_n to_o enact_v or_o declare_v by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a your_o answer_n can_v afford_v nothing_o new_o but_o only_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o same_o false_a principle_n and_o argument_n that_o have_v be_v already_o so_o often_o answer_v in_o our_o former_a conversation_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o neither_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nor_o nature_n have_v ordain_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o lineal_a succession_n of_o king_n or_o any_o irresistible_a or_o unforfeitable_a power_n in_o they_o which_o they_o can_v never_o fall_v from_o let_v they_o act_v never_o so_o tyrannical_o for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o not_o only_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n but_o also_o in_o limit_a kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n have_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n a_o king_n may_v not_o only_o be_v resist_v but_o may_v be_v also_o declare_v to_o have_v abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o govern_v in_o case_n of_o any_o apparent_a obstinate_a violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n in_o those_o great_a point_n that_o make_v that_o government_n to_o differ_v from_o a_o despotic_a monarchy_n and_o that_o if_o they_o have_v not_o this_o right_a all_o their_o liberty_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n will_v lie_v whole_o at_o the_o king_n mercy_n to_o be_v invade_v and_o take_v away_o when_o ever_o he_o please_v i_o be_o force_v to_o repeat_v this_o to_o remind_v you_o of_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o those_o 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have_v lose_v the_o cause_n shall_v declare_v that_o this_o court_n though_o the_o high_a in_o the_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n to_o judge_v in_o prejudice_n of_o himself_o who_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o estate_n which_o be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o lord_n power_n to_o give_v judgement_n only_o for_o one_o side_n and_o why_o the_o other_o party_n if_o the_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v against_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v make_v the_o like_a plea_n i_o can_v understand_v so_o that_o such_o a_o judgement_n will_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a therefore_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o purpose_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o the_o strength_n and_o faction_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n do_v as_o i_o grant_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n declare_v that_o his_o title_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v defeat_v yet_o henry_n the_o vith_o be_v then_o in_o the_o throne_n they_o may_v have_v certain_o give_v a_o contrary_a judgement_n if_o they_o have_v 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it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o wife_n and_o a_o concubine_n all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v decide_v but_o by_o the_o municipal_a or_o positive_a law_n of_o those_o kingdom_n or_o principality_n it_o may_v further_o be_v inquire_v whether_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o fool_n or_o madman_n shall_v inherit_v this_o paternal_a power_n before_o the_o young_a a_o wise_a man_n and_o what_o degree_n of_o â—olly_n or_o madness_n it_o must_v be_v that_o shall_v exclude_v he_o and_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o it_o also_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o fool_n so_o exclude_v for_o his_o folly_n shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o son_n of_o his_o wise_a brother_n who_o last_o reign_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o regal_a power_n whilst_o a_o widow_n queen_n be_v with_o child_n by_o the_o decease_a king_n until_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n these_o and_o many_o more_o such_o difficulty_n may_v be_v propose_v about_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o kingdom_n and_o that_o not_o as_o idle_a speculation_n but_o such_o as_o in_o history_n we_o shall_v frequent_o find_v example_n of_o not_o only_o in_o our_o own_o but_o likewise_o other_o kingdom_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n have_v prescribe_v any_o set_a rule_n of_o succession_n they_o will_v have_v go_v far_a than_o one_o or_o two_o case_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n of_o elder_a son_n or_o brother_n where_o a_o elder_a son_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o will_v also_o have_v give_v certain_a infallible_a rule_n in_o all_o other_o case_n of_o succession_n beside_o these_o and_o not_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o will_n or_o particular_a law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n to_o have_v establish_v the_o succession_n so_o many_o several_a way_n as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v have_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o world_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v the_o succession_n to_o adam_n which_o seem_v design_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o if_o adam_n or_o any_o of_o his_o son_n be_v king_n or_o prince_n it_o must_v have_v be_v by_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o their_o child_n or_o descendant_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o those_o ancient_a prince_n derive_v their_o title_n from_o the_o judgement_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o be_v evident_a as_o well_o out_o of_o sacred_a as_o civil_a history_n f._n since_o you_o appeal_v to_o history_n to_o history_n you_o shall_v go_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v not_o invent_v these_o doubt_n about_o succession_n of_o my_o own_o head_n and_o that_o there_o may_v have_v very_o well_o be_v a_o real_a dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n to_o adam_n in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v put_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o many_o dispute_n and_o quarrel_n that_o have_v be_v in_o several_a nation_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n between_o the_o uncle_n and_o the_o nephew_n of_o which_o grotius_n be_v so_o sensible_a 31._o that_o he_o confess_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n last_o cite_v that_o where_o it_o can_v not_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o people_n judgement_n it_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v so_o by_o civil_a war_n as_o well_o as_o private_a combat_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v force_v ingenuous_o to_o confess_v that_o this_o have_v be_v practise_v divers_a way_n according_a to_o the_o different_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o he_o give_v we_o here_o a_o distinction_n between_o a_o direct_a lineal_a succession_n and_o a_o transversed_a and_o acknowledge_v that_o among_o the_o german_n as_o also_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n nephew_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o their_o uncle_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o our_o 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so_o likewise_o in_o sicily_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o leave_v a_o grand_a son_n behind_o he_o by_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o also_o a_o young_a son_n name_v robert_n between_o who_o a_o difference_n arise_v concern_v the_o succession_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o pope_n clement_n v._o he_o give_v judgement_n for_o robert_n the_o young_a son_n of_o charles_n who_o be_v thereupon_o crown_v king_n of_o sicily_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o earl_n john_n brother_n to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o be_v declare_v king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o estate_n before_o arthur_n earl_n of_o britain_n son_n of_o jeoffrey_n the_o elder_a brother_n and_o glanvil_n who_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o in_o that_o little_a treatise_n we_o have_v of_o he_o make_v it_o a_o great_a question_n who_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o a_o inheritance_n the_o uncle_n or_o nephew_n but_o as_o for_o daughter_n whether_o they_o shall_v inherit_v at_o all_o or_o not_o or_o at_o least_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o uncle_n be_v much_o more_o doubtful_a since_o not_o only_o france_n but_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n at_o this_o day_n from_o turkey_n to_o japan_n do_v exclude_v woman_n from_o the_o throne_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o against_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o ancient_a northern_a nation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o queen_n to_o have_v reign_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n or_o irish-scot_n and_o never_o but_o two_o among_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o those_o by_o murder_n or_o usurpation_n and_o not_o by_o election_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n put_v by_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o prefer_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n to_o the_o crown_n before_o she_o for_o though_o he_o derive_v his_o affinity_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o a_o woman_n yet_o as_o be_v a_o man_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o she_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n mariana_n in_o his_o history_n tell_v we_o that_o ancient_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o inherit_v before_o the_o daughter_n example_n may_v also_o be_v give_v of_o divers_a of_o the_o other_o instance_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a for_o by_o these_o example_n you_o will_v seem_v to_o infer_v that_o these_o law_n about_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o crown_n in_o several_a kingdom_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o i_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o if_o such_o law_n and_o alteration_n have_v be_v in_o such_o succession_n they_o be_v make_v by_o
second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la liceâ—â—on_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la â—as_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o conâ—ilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr consâ—nsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la commâ—ni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la prâ—ceâ—â—nte_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definiâ—um_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 2._o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o make_v law_n in_o england_n he_o say_v quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la fuerint_fw-la approbate_a concensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o sacramento_n râ—gum_fw-la confirmaâ—ae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la mutari_fw-la atâ—_n destrui_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la fuerint_fw-la promulgata_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o ancient_a author_n plain_o declare_v that_o nothing_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o consent_v to_o by_o all_o order_n of_o man_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a bracton_n suppose_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o royal_a sanction_n of_o a_o law_n may_v precede_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n which_o quite_o destroy_v that_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n give_v his_o last_o assent_n which_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o with_o these_o more_o ancient_a sage_n of_o the_o law_n fortescue_n also_o agree_v in_o his_o 9th_o chap._n dâ—_n laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o he_o say_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la populum_fw-la gubernaâ—_fw-la non_fw-la mera_fw-fr potesâ—â—_n to_o regid_a sed_fw-la politica_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o enim_fw-la ijs_fw-la legibâ—_n guberâ—â—tur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o same_o with_o what_o bracton_n have_v before_o in_o his_o first_o chap_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 18_o chap._n speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n of_o king_n in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n he_o thus_o proceed_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nelum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o toâ—ius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la quo_fw-la populi_n laesuram_fw-la nequiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la eorum_fw-la commodum_fw-la procurare_fw-la but_o if_o they_o after_o prove_v inconvenient_a he_o immediate_o add_v concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o proterum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v a_o authority_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a author_n st._n german_n who_o in_o his_o dialogue_n call_v the_o dr._n and_o student_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o 10_o chap._n entitle_v de_fw-la sexto_fw-la fundamento_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o student_n thus_o speak_v sexium_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la sâ—at_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la statutis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la suos_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominos_fw-la spirituales_fw-la &_o temporales_fw-la &_o per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la editis_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la rationis_fw-la lex_fw-la diviâ—a_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la maxima_fw-la sive_fw-la alia_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la legis_fw-la anglia_fw-it prià s_o sufficere_fw-la minimè_fw-la videbantur_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v here_o attribute_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o joint_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a parliament_n as_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n necessary_a thereunto_o for_o say_v he_o a_o parliament_n concern_v make_v or_o enact_v law_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_z m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o concern_v myself_o with_o what_o your_o common_a lawyer_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v write_v upon_o this_o matter_n much_o less_o what_o sir_n edward_n coke_n a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v maintain_v since_o i_o have_v as_o good_a or_o a_o better_a authority_n than_o he_o b._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o year-book_n of_o 22_o ed._n 3._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v by_o divers_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o headlow_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n that_o the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o own_o land_n and_o that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v i_o think_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n be_v primary_o and_o proper_o make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n have_v a_o cooperation_n but_o no_o co-ordination_a of_o power_n with_o he_o and_o though_o at_o this_o day_n i_o grant_v that_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o necessary_a to_o the_o pass_v of_o all_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o the_o king_n word_n or_o le_fw-fr royal_a veulâ—_n that_o make_v they_o so_o and_o i_o much_o doubt_n whether_o even_o this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o not_o or_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o gracious_a favour_n and_o permission_n of_o former_a king_n as_o i_o can_v show_v by_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o tedious_a to_o mention_v they_o particular_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o select_a some_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o english_a saxon_a king_n perform_v all_o great_a and_o considerable_a thing_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o wit_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o title_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o council_n in_o spellman_n lambard_n and_o that_o these_o king_n alone_o make_v their_o law_n though_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o their_o wittena_n gemote_a which_o be_v then_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n since_o he_o call_v what_o great_a man_n and_o bishop_n he_o please_v to_o it_o and_o omit_v the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v never_o mention_v that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o their_o consent_n as_o necessary_a thereunto_o nay_o sometime_o we_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n make_v law_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n 171._o thus_o offâ—_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v at_o rome_n out_o of_o his_o royal_a munificence_n give_v to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o shall_v come_v thither_o a_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o ever_o out_o of_o every_o family_n by_o all_o who_o good_n in_o the_o field_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o this_o he_o make_v a_o perpetual_a constitution_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n except_v the_o land_n confer_v upon_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n this_o imposition_n and_o law_n continue_v a_o long_a while_n in_o force_n though_o we_o find_v it_o not_o confirm_v by_o any_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n only_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n council_n and_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n alm_n which_o imply_v it_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n and_o that_o sole_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o particular_a proof_n of_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n dein_fw-ge as_o well_o during_o the_o heptarchy_n as_o afterward_o in_o make_v ad_fw-la establish_v law_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o have_v extant_a which_o be_v those_o of_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n 712._o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n 1._o we_o find_v it_o thus_o express_a which_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_n copy_n publish_v by_o
particular_o to_o the_o 55_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v it_o begin_v thus_o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeaâ—t_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o pâ—ssessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la ois_fw-la exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_n suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n be_v illegal_a and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v quote_v as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n but_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n have_v divers_a right_n and_o liberty_n before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n and_o of_o his_o grant_v that_o charter_n appear_v by_o its_o conclusion_n in_o these_o word_n 30._o salvis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la templariis_fw-la hospitalarâ—is_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la personis_fw-la quam_fw-la secâ—laribus_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quas_fw-la prius_fw-la habâ—erunt_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v by_o this_o charter_n though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grant_v from_o the_o king_n be_v mere_a good_a will_n yet_o that_o be_v recite_v only_o to_o make_v it_o more_o strong_a against_o himself_o since_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n claim_v those_o liberty_n as_o their_o ancient_a 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etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o english_a out_o of_o the_o law-french_a which_o perhaps_o you_o be_v not_o use_v to_o also_o the_o say_a commons_o do_v petition_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n that_o no_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v or_o grant_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o clergy_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o neither_o that_o the_o say_v commons_o shall_v be_v oblige_v by_o any_o constitution_n which_o they_o may_v make_v for_o their_o advantage_n without_o the_o assent_n os_fw-la the_o say_a commons_o for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o of_o your_o viz._n the_o king_n statutes_n or_o ordinance_n make_v without_o their_o assent_n m._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o lord_n have_v be_v allow_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o long_a time_n but_o whether_o the_o consent_n of_o either_o at_o first_o be_v so_o be_v a_o great_a doubt_n since_o we_o find_v the_o first_o ancient_a statute_n as_o i_o have_v 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you_o may_v remember_v by_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la câ—nsilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la just_a fury_n definitum_fw-la but_o further_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o much_o you_o be_v out_o in_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v from_o the_o form_n of_o our_o indictment_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n as_o well_o common_a as_o statute_n do_v declare_v the_o contrary_a since_o divers_a aâ—ts_n of_o parliament_n have_v express_o affirm_v that_o such_o and_o such_o offence_n be_v treason_n not_o only_o against_o the_o king_n but_o against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a realm_n too_o pray_v take_v these_o instance_n see_v the_o statute_n 1_o edw._n 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will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a authority_n of_o bishop_n as_o to_o their_o right_n of_o meet_v in_o public_a synod_n or_o council_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o all_o such_o jurisdiction_n be_v immediate_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n though_o original_o from_o the_o people_n which_o fortesove_n call_v potestatem_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la effuxiam_fw-la and_o by_o they_o entrust_v with_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o distribute_v it_o to_o all_o inferior_a court_n which_o yet_o he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n create_v anew_o without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o this_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n themselves_o since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v by_o undeniable_a testimony_n that_o that_o constitution_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o english_a nation_n itself_o m._n i_o see_v you_o have_v a_o 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doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâ—motes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâ—ke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâ—â—â—es_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâ—s_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ—_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o 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the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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french_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n 27_o e._n 3._o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v express_o call_v grantz_n des_fw-fr counties_n and_o last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o superlative_a optimus_fw-la it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n in_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n 189._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n of_o london_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n qui_fw-la pro_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la civitatis_fw-la optimates_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a knight_n but_o also_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v remarkable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o estate_n or_o office_n in_o city_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n appear_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n book_n 64._o keep_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n where_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1229._o be_v the_o 13_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâ—aes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la â—ermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr â—ently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shirâ—_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yoâ—â—_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ—_n iâ—_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ—_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o â—â—â—ons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâ—e_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v 〈◊〉_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ—_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 〈◊〉_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâ—sire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ—_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ—_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâ—founded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ—_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barâ—â—gii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ—_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o sense_n and_o therefore_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n i._o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v or_o english_v by_o the_o word_n commons_o who_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v be_v then_o above_o once_o call_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v often_o call_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o allow_v they_o be_v often_o so_o style_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 219._o but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o this_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n since_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o being_n most_o common_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o election_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n in_o each_o county_n and_o no_o other_o who_o be_v choose_v to_o represent_v the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n or_o they_o and_o all_o the_o other_o military_a tenant_n by_o mean_a tenure_n for_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n for_o their_o liberty_n will_v part_v with_o this_o main_a point_n of_o be_v personal_o present_a or_o else_o the_o body_n of_o they_o represent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n in_o every_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o title_n of_o notable_a knight_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o only_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o suitor_n to_o the_o county_n court_v 19_o be_v the_o elector_n and_o this_o be_v very_o likely_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n and_o also_o why_o the_o statute_n 18_o the_o hen._n vi_o 15._o by_o which_o any_o man_n that_o have_v 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n of_o any_o tenure_n who_o be_v before_o permit_v to_o be_v a_o elector_n be_v alter_v by_o 10_o the_o hen._n vi_o and_o so_o explain_v that_o none_o but_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n shall_v afterward_o be_v elector_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n 2._o viz._n 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o very_o ordinary_a men._n for_o ancient_o soon_o after_o or_o near_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v very_o few_o or_o no_o great_a socâ—agâ—_n that_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v great_a estate_n in_o soccage_n and_o neither_o the_o small_a one_o 29._o nor_o the_o nativi_fw-la or_o copyholder_n be_v repute_v liberi_fw-la ot_fw-mi legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o before_o mention_v or_o perform_v the_o service_n proper_a to_o such_o military_a tenant_n or_o those_o to_o who_o they_o have_v alienate_v part_n of_o their_o fe_n but_o since_o i_o have_v tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o wrangle_v about_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a take_v a_o short_a cut_n and_o give_v you_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o hen._n ii_o and_o rich._n i._n which_o together_o with_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la will_v i_o think_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o in_o conscience_n that_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v so_o summon_v before_o 49_o the_o h._n iii_o when_o they_o be_v call_v but_o once_o till_o above_o twenty_o year_n after_o will_v be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o task_n f._n i_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n very_o well_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o love_v pedantic_a dispute_n about_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o word_n as_o little_a as_o yourself_o unless_o where_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o indeed_o you_o have_v render_v it_o so_o by_o raise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o general_a word_n whereby_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o historian_n have_v style_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o clear_v i_o think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o some_o more_o solid_a argument_n but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o that_o i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o yourself_o do_v allow_v that_o in_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o lâ—_n commune_v when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v incredible_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n shall_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o 48_o the_o hen_n iii_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edw._n i._o begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o those_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o quite_o another_o sense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n record_n or_o historian_n of_o that_o or_o succeed_a age_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o it_o be_v understand_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o question_n i_o can_v but_o rectify_v a_o great_a mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o adhere_v to_o the_o dr._n with_o too_o implicit_a a_o faith_n for_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v call_v ancient_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ—_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o liâ—tleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n iâ—_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o thaâ—_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o if_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v concur_v here_o have_v be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a university_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v notwistanding_n it_o seem_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o another_o body_n of_o man_n call_v here_o the_o communis_fw-la vniversitas_fw-la by_o which_o must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o or_o no_o body_n since_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v all_o agree_v together_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o story_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n look_v somewhat_o plausible_a at_o the_o first_o on_o your_o side_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n for_o what_o if_o by_o this_o common_a university_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o not_o â—itting_v with_o the_o lord_n at_o that_o time_n they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regâ—â—_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâ—ballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâ—hes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a beyond_o doubt_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o common_a university_n f._n then_o pray_v tell_v i_o who_o they_o be_v for_o the_o historian_n tell_v that_o when_o all_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n have_v now_o meet_v together_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o these_o last_o â—ell_v they_o that_o without_o the_o common_a university_n they_o can_v do_v nothing_o which_o have_v be_v nonsense_n if_o as_o your_o doctor_n suppose_v the_o whole_a university_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v all_o present_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o be_v a_o material_a objection_n but_o what_o if_o to_o help_v he_o out_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o by_o the_o common_a university_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n and_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v not_o have_v be_v present_a and_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v this_o proposal_n therefore_o the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o till_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o common_a universty_a or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o though_o this_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v not_o then_o actual_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n who_o be_v here_o express_o say_v to_o have_v consult_v by_o themselves_o must_v have_v do_v so_o likewise_o therefore_o though_o our_o author_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v yet_o certain_o this_o common_a university_n be_v thereupon_o consult_v and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o this_o committee_n of_o twelve_o who_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o the_o lord_n excuse_v as_o well_o as_o the_o election_n of_o these_o person_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z etc._n etc._n have_v be_v very_o insignificant_a f._n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o precarious_a assertion_n and_o without_o any_o due_a proof_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o these_o word_n do_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o not_o for_o yourself_o confess_v that_o mat._n paris_n be_v short_a in_o this_o point_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o i_o by_o this_o material_a circumstance_n that_o not_o one_o person_n of_o the_o twelve_o but_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o great_a baron_n for_o that_o richard_n de_fw-fr monâ—sichet_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr baliot_n be_v so_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n have_v prove_v in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n 1._o whereas_o if_o the_o university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v join_v in_o this_o election_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o they_o will_v have_v choose_v some_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o committee_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n or_o baron_n since_o yourself_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o then_o be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o lord_n nor_o do_v at_o this_o time_n sit_v or_o act_n joint_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a baron_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o likewise_o it_o far_a seem_v high_o probable_a that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n do_v not_o give_v any_o resolution_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o money_n give_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n request_n but_o only_a complaint_n of_o and_o order_n about_o redress_v of_o grievance_n which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n often_o do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o now_o by_o some_o other_o record_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o 197._o that_o there_o often_o be_v a_o distinct_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 10._o the_o first_o record_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 42._o hen._n iii_o beginning_n thus_o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la arduis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o râ—gnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâ—iis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâ—e_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâ—ium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâ—mus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâ—icost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â—_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a man_n 12_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o other_o 12._o by_o the_o procoreâ—_n or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v take_v in_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n but_o whether_o by_o these_o wordâ—_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n or_o commons_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o record_n sufficient_o confirm_v my_o argument_n from_o the_o precedent_a record_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o then_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o last_o record_n promiserunâ—_n etiam_fw-la nobis_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n memoraâ—i_n quod_fw-la expleris_fw-la negotiis_fw-la superius_fw-la tactic_a bonâ—_n fide_fw-la laboraâ—unt_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la communâ—_n praestâ—â—ur_fw-la à _fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ—_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ—_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâ—ume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la â—auz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râ—aume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâ—ent_a pâ—â—r_n perqâ—_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauâ—â—l'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ—_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ—_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
continue_v on_o now_o the_o doctor_n upon_o second_o thought_n in_o â—is_n edition_n in_o folio_n will_v have_v they_o never_o to_o be_v summon_v any_o more_o than_o that_o once_o because_o forsooth_o he_o can_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o such_o express_a word_n as_o that_o he_o can_v evade_v they_o by_o say_v the_o sense_n be_v equivocal_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o our_o statute_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o not_o to_o have_v be_v there_o be_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n lose_v as_o well_o after_o as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o 23â—_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v face_v we_o down_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la you_o now_o mention_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o statute_n call_v articuli_fw-la super_fw-la charâ—â—s_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v 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do_v by_o the_o king_n the_o count_n baron_n and_o other_o grands_fw-fr of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o these_o general_a word_n do_v comprehend_v the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n you_o grant_v they_o be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o same_o word_n may_v not_o as_o well_o comprehend_v they_o long_o before_o and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o the_o distinct_a order_n or_o state_n of_o man_n that_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n and_o the_o different_a pen_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o it_o i_o doubt_v two_o part_n in_o three_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o edward_z the_o first_o will_v have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o lord_n since_o in_o most_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o either_o and_o that_o what_o i_o say_v be_v true_a pray_v at_o your_o leisure_n peruse_v these_o statute_n follow_v viz._n de_fw-fr districtionâ—_n scacarti_fw-la of_o the_o 51_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o with_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n as_o also_o that_o of_o actoâ—_n burnel_n make_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o that_o of_o winchester_n make_v in_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o this_o king_n that_o of_o merchant_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o also_o those_o of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o see_v if_o you_o can_v find_v any_o mention_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o in_o they_o but_o to_o come_v to_o direct_v proof_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o word_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o express_o mention_v in_o our_o old_a statute_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o other_o word_n of_o a_o much_o more_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o they_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o 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a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o 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say_v but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o produce_v from_o statute_n and_o record_n which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o consider_v pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o that_o year_n and_o never_o before_o nor_o after_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n for_o they_o both_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o improbable_a supposition_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n as_o i_o can_v of_o this_o transaction_n first_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o simon_n monâ—fort_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o faction_n have_v take_v king_n hen._n iii_o dein_fw-ge and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n he_o carry_v they_o about_o with_o he_o till_o they_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o call_v together_o at_o london_n the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o that_o faction_n which_o so_o seditious_o hold_v their_o king_n prisoner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o committee_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o twelve_o lord_n who_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n or_o at_o least_o of_o three_o of_o they_o no_o affair_n in_o the_o king_n household_n or_o in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v transact_v and_o to_o these_o ordinance_n the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n be_v force_v to_o agree_v and_o though_o the_o record_n of_o this_o agreement_n recite_v that_o this_o ordinance_n dorso_n be_v make_v at_o london_n by_o the_o consent_n good-like_a and_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o of_o 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the_o nobleman_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o party_n to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n next_o ensue_v and_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n schâ—dula_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o it_o be_v thus_o recite_v â—eodem_fw-la moâ—o_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la episcopo_fw-la carleol_n as_o also_o to_o divers_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n all_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o faction_n there_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o summon_v more_o than_o ever_o be_v i_o believe_v before_o or_o since_o and_o then_o follow_v a_o short_a
writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ—_n â—_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ—_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n 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to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n 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bishop_n and_o lord_n f._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a answer_n to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o winchester_n and_o kenelworth_n as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o must_v own_o that_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v 144._o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n than_o that_o writ_n or_o commission_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o which_o recite_v that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o magnatum_fw-la or_o great_a man_n as_o the_o doctor_n render_v it_o the_o king_n have_v the_o seisin_n and_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o rebel_n estate_n give_v to_o he_o which_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o commons_o be_v there_o since_o i_o have_v so_o often_o make_v out_o that_o under_o this_o wordâ—_n magnatum_fw-la not_o only_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v often_o comprehend_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o writ_n extant_a to_o prove_v the_o 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by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâ—lâ—bridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâ—r_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
it_o be_v evident_a from_o this_o record_n mean_v that_o of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n abovemention_v who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o people_n intend_v by_o the_o historian_n in_o this_o place_n to_o wit_n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v not_o then_o commoners_z as_o well_o as_o now_o though_o reckon_v among_o the_o magnate_n and_o as_o a_o superior_a order_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n here_o call_v by_o a_o general_a word_n mercatores_fw-la who_o then_o give_v a_o 20_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n by_o themselves_o but_o that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n but_o the_o commons_o too_o in_o both_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n westminster_n be_v also_o as_o plain_a for_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n concern_v the_o reception_n of_o the_o legate_n be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o none_o but_o earl_n and_o great_a lord_n accompany_v they_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n or_o gentleman_n among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n primate_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lord_n or_o great_a nobility_n but_o the_o lesser_a also_o nay_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n as_o for_o the_o next_o authority_n concern_v the_o plebs_fw-la that_o grant_v the_o eigth_n penny_n it_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a that_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o term_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o dr_n own_o concession_n in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o little_a far_o which_o you_o may_v read_v 25._o in_o these_o word_n and_o that_o the_o agreement_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n here_o mention_v be_v make_v and_o the_o eight_o penny_n grant_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o perhaps_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o that_o they_o be_v the_o plebs_fw-la that_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n in_o his_o chamber_n be_v clear_a from_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o parliament_n for_o two_o knight_n in_o every_o county_n date_v septemb_n the_o 15_o the_o immediate_o follow_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o his_o letter_n that_o the_o pay_v of_o this_o eight_o penny_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v the_o commons_o for_o the_o future_a and_o to_o do_v further_a what_o by_o his_o son_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v be_v ordain_v so_o that_o the_o dr._n himself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v though_o spare_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v likewise_o there_o and_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o grant_n the_o king_n hold_v this_o parliament_n at_o his_o palace_n of_o westminster_n in_o some_o of_o the_o hall_n or_o great_a room_n and_o the_o commons_o may_v very_o well_o sit_v in_o the_o now_o court_n of_o request_n then_o call_v the_o alba_n aula_n or_o white_a hall_n where_o parliament_n have_v be_v frequent_o hold_v and_o from_o thence_o be_v send_v for_o by_o the_o king_n into_o the_o paint_a chamber_n or_o now_o house_n of_o lord_n where_o the_o king_n then_o sit_v and_o which_o may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o hall_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v be_v very_o well_o call_v camera_fw-la regis_fw-la for_o none_o can_v imagine_v his_o presence_n chamber_n or_o bedchamber_n can_v hold_v all_o that_o company_n and_o in_o that_o room_n the_o king_n may_v make_v that_o speech_n to_o they_o which_o this_o author_n mention_n and_o then_o upon_o his_o promise_a to_o renew_v the_o charter_n follow_v the_o grant_v of_o the_o eight_o peny_n ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la by_o the_o whole_a people_n immediate_o grant_v the_o say_a subsidy_n now_o the_o dr._n grant_v in_o this_o place_n that_o the_o incolae_fw-la here_o mean_v by_o the_o historian_n be_v the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o inhabitant_n as_o use_v to_o pay_v subsidy_n and_o aid_n only_o the_o plebs_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n now_o if_o the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v such_o we_o use_v to_o pay_v aid_n and_o subsidy_n who_o make_v this_o concession_n can_v any_o man_n doubt_v but_o that_o this_o grant_n be_v make_v by_o their_o representative_n of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v can_v you_o imagine_v that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o there_o present_v when_o this_o tax_n be_v give_v as_o well_o as_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v levy_v upon_o all_o alike_o nor_o be_v the_o dr_n objection_n of_o any_o weight_n that_o because_o the_o king_n not_o long_o after_o summon_v another_o parliament_n when_o he_o be_v beyond_o sea_n to_o meet_v his_o son_n prince_n edw._n at_o westminster_n that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o if_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v at_o the_o agreement_n and_o grant_v of_o the_o eight_o penny_n in_o the_o king_n chamber_n they_o will_v have_v be_v dismiss_v and_o call_v again_o about_o the_o same_o business_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n see_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v dispatch_v in_o six_o day_n when_o the_o parliamement_n â—et_a october_n the_o six_o for_o the_o dr._n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o imagine_v that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o business_n they_o meet_v about_o before_o when_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o summons_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o tax_n be_v give_v already_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o meet_v about_o that_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o king_n go_v away_o in_o haste_n into_o flanders_n without_o confirm_v the_o charter_n so_o that_o before_o the_o people_n will_v give_v any_o more_o money_n his_o son_n prince_n edward_n be_v force_v to_o confirm_v they_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o confess_v in_o the_o same_o place_n after_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v satisfy_v but_o as_o for_o the_o dr_n wondrous_a discovery_n of_o the_o false_a bad_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a french_a coronation_n oath_n i_o do_v so_o far_o indeed_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la aura_fw-fr elu_fw-fr be_v not_o to_o be_v translate_v which_o the_o commons_o or_o vulgar_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a community_n shall_v choose_v render_v here_o by_o the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la by_o the_o old_a monkish_a translator_n yet_o this_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o who_o ever_o know_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o superior_a clergy_n and_o nobility_n and_o so_o to_o exclude_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_n but_o mat._n westm._n tell_v we_o 10._o concessus_n esâ—_n viz._n to_o eâ—_n i_o novenarius_n denaâ—ius_n à _fw-la vulgo_fw-la à _fw-la clero_fw-la vero_fw-la denus_fw-la ad_fw-la scotorum_fw-la pâ—rtinaciam_fw-la reprimendam_fw-la who_o have_v then_o invade_v northumberland_n and_o harrass_v the_o other_o northern_a country_n 25._o now_o pray_v read_v the_o dr_n comment_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o his_o glossary_n here_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la when_o oppose_v to_o clerus_fw-la or_o join_v with_o it_o as_o a_o distinct_a body_n of_o man_n and_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o plebs_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o historian_n whether_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n alone_o or_o the_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o commons_o be_v understand_v by_o they_o that_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o worthy_a discovery_n of_o the_o dr_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v any_o body_n so_o mad_a as_o so_o to_o render_v it_o in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n but_o that_o this_o word_n vulgus_fw-la when_o put_v for_o the_o whole_a laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o ancient_a in_o that_o oath_n see_v the_o old_a coronation_n oath_n in_o toâ—tle's_n collection_n of_o old_a statute_n who_o transcribe_v it_o out_o of_o some_o ancient_a latin_a copy_n of_o that_o oath_n or_o else_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n of_o r._n richard_n ii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o record_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o speak_v these_o so_o long_o upon_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la plebs_fw-la and_o vulgus_fw-la since_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o those_o false_a gloss_n
that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o 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the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v and_o of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o manner_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o old_a time_n in_o the_o french_a do_v anciente_a from_o which_o statute_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v as_o suppose_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v a_o like_v right_o to_o have_v summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o temporal_a here_o mention_v second_o that_o by_o these_o word_n have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n or_o do_v anciente_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v a_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o if_o the_o bishop_n abbott_n and_o temporal_a lord_n be_v here_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n so_o have_v the_o commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â—_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiâ—â—i_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâ—ition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la câ—jus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâ—it_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâ—stra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o â—im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o london_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o follower_n and_o adherent_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n by_o the_o way_n when_o they_o come_v to_o town_n earl_n john_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o york_n and_o roven_n with_o all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n meet_v in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o there_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o the_o say_a chancellor_n shall_v for_o his_o evil_a government_n he_o depose_v and_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o he_o immediate_o be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o a_o irresistible_a power_n in_o the_o king_n and_o those_o put_v in_o commission_n by_o he_o when_o they_o find_v their_o power_n to_o grow_v tyrannical_a and_o insupportable_a m._n but_o if_o i_o forget_v not_o you_o omit_v one_o material_a circumstance_n in_o this_o affâ—ir_n which_o seem_v to_o make_v against_o you_o which_o be_v that_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n and_o william_n the_o earl_n marshal_n do_v at_o that_o time_n produce_v the_o king_n letter_n sign_v with_o his_o 〈◊〉_d wherein_o he_o have_v appoint_v that_o they_o two_o shall_v be_v associate_v in_o the_o government_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o privity_n and_o consent_n and_o of_o those_o associate_v with_o he_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o if_o he_o offer_v to_o do_v otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v depose_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v what_o they_o now_o act_v be_v not_o so_o muchin_n opposition_n to_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v as_o you_o set_v forth_o yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o opinion_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o arm_n be_v take_v and_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o londoner_n before_o ever_o it_o be_v know_v that_o such_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v have_v do_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o letter_n send_v by_o the_o king_n at_o all_o you_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o all_o these_o proceed_n also_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v in_o my_o history_n of_o nonresistance_n i_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n his_o brother_n who_o when_o he_o have_v refuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o dein_fw-ge they_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o all_o degree_n and_o condition_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v a_o vast_a army_n resolve_v never_o to_o lay_v they_o down_o till_o he_o have_v new_o grant_v and_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n till_o at_o last_o the_o king_n find_v himself_o almost_o quite_o forsake_v so_o that_o he_o have_v scarce_o five_o knight_n leave_v about_o he_o he_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o meet_v the_o say_v bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o people_n at_o runne-mead_n and_o there_o to_o grant_v they_o that_o great_a charter_n which_o have_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o so_o much_o discourse_n between_o we_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o those_o time_n if_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v the_o representative_n of_o this_o church_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a will_n and_o command_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o yet_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o pope_n think_v the_o king_n 166._o hardly_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o he_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n concern_v the_o rebellion_n and_o injury_n which_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n have_v commit_v against_o their_o king_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n and_o after_o a_o consultation_n with_o his_o cardinal_n he_o do_v as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o engâ—and_n after_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o he_o by_o his_o bull_n then_o publish_v make_v void_a the_o say_v great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n and_o condemn_v all_o the_o baron_n proceed_n as_o against_o their_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_a lord_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v this_o be_v not_o approve_v of_o any_o where_o but_o by_o the_o actor_n the_o pope_n thereupon_o excommunicate_v the_o baron_n and_o suspend_v the_o archbishop_n of_o caâ—terbury_n for_o join_v with_o they_o f._n i_o believe_v you_o will_v make_v nothing_o of_o this_o objection_n 230._o for_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v before_o this_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o as_o far_o as_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n deprive_v he_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o absolve_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plaiâ—_n it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o true_a principle_n or_o hatred_n of_o rebellion_n and_o resistance_n in_o subject_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v thus_o act_v but_o pure_o to_o gratify_v the_o king_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n and_o to_o defend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o his_o own_o charter_n because_o he_o be_v then_o become_v his_o vassal_n and_o so_o he_o care_v not_o how_o much_o he_o oppress_v his_o subject_n because_o he_o be_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o pay_v he_o the_o tribute_n before_o promise_v and_o he_o can_v also_o expect_v the_o more_o secure_o to_o extort_v money_n from_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o express_a act_n and_o agreement_n appear_v plain_o by_o that_o clause_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o charter_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o this_o king_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n we_o now_o find_v it_o in_o mat._n paris_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a king_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v any_o clause_n in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o shall_v not_o amend_v it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n that_o then_o iâ—li_n barones_n cum_fw-la communia_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la distringent_fw-la &_o gravabunt_fw-la nos_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la poverint_fw-la aut_fw-la scil_n per_fw-la captionem_fw-la castrorum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la possessionum_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuerint_fw-la donec_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la eorum_fw-la salva_fw-la persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginâ—e_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la â—uerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nobis_fw-la sient_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o they_o may_v free_o resist_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o till_o he_o make_v good_a every_o article_n of_o these_o charter_n if_o violate_v and_o be_v not_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n till_o it_o be_v amend_v and_o the_o like_a clause_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n publish_v in_o mat._n paris_n 261._o m._n i_o grant_v the_o clause_n be_v there_o as_o
this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o good_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v go_v over_o the_o constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n with_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n go_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n by_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o their_o knowledge_n without_o who_o consent_n no_o tax_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_v or_o impose_v so_o that_o the_o say_v earl_n and_o baron_n be_v thus_o gather_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n join_v with_o they_o at_o last_o prince_n edw._n then_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n come_v attend_v with_o great_a multitude_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o london_n till_o the_o prince_n have_v in_o his_o father_n name_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o herâ—ford_n and_o essâ—x_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la qâ—as_fw-la fecâ—inâ—_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr quaâ—_n sicâ—iâ—t_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n dâ—es_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o land_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n come_v up_o to_o london_n where_o the_o king_n have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o banish_v the_o say_v spencer_n out_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o quick_o return_v again_o against_o who_o when_o the_o say_v earl_n above_o mention_v and_o divers_a other_o baron_n and_o knight_n again_o take_v arm_n but_o be_v fail_v by_o some_o of_o their_o confederates_n be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n party_n and_o the_o earl_n be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v attaint_v and_o behead_v at_o portfract_a yet_o be_v the_o this_o judgement_n against_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n afterward_o reverse_v in_o parliament_n in_o 1_o mo_z edward_n the_o three_o and_o their_o heir_n restore_v in_o blood_n as_o also_o to_o the_o land_n of_o their_o father_n as_o beside_o the_o act_n it_o still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o roll_n appear_v more_o plain_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n
his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n have_v provide_v and_o ordain_v &c._n &c._n as_o follow_v that_o no_o great_a man_n nor_o other_o of_o what_o estate_n dignity_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v that_o come_v in_o with_o the_o say_a king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o with_o the_o queen_n in_o aid_n of_o they_o to_o pursue_v their_o say_a enemy_n and_o in_o which_o pursuit_n the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o ward_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v impeach_v molest_v or_o grieve_v in_o person_n or_o in_o good_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o pursuit_n and_o take_v in_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n nor_o for_o the_o pursuit_n of_o any_o other_o person_n not_o take_v their_o good_n nor_o for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o man_n nor_o any_o other_o thing_n perpetrate_v or_o commit_v in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n arrival_n until_o the_o day_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o say_v king_n this_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v so_o full_a a_o justification_n of_o the_o necessity_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o resistance_n that_o be_v then_o make_v against_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o his_o wicked_a councillor_n the_o spencer_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n and_o though_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o take_v warning_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o follow_v the_o like_a arbitrary_a course_n yet_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o grandson_n be_v a_o wilful_a hot_a head_a young_a prince_n fall_v into_o all_o the_o error_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n and_o find_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a resistance_n from_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n for_o when_o he_o have_v high_o misgoverned_n the_o realm_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n alexander_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o ely_z with_o thomas_z duke_z of_o gloucester_z the_o king_n uncle_n richard_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o thomas_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o nine_o or_o ten_o other_o lord_n and_o bishop_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o king_n be_v new_o of_o age_n refuse_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n but_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o to_o try_v what_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v and_o also_o to_o hinder_v the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n from_o have_v any_o access_n to_o he_o but_o see_v what_o follow_v these_o violent_a and_o arbitrary_a course_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o that_o very_a time_n and_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o this_o king_n reign_n than_o any_o other_o historian_n 2697._o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o earl_n now_o mention_v sound_v they_o can_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o precede_a parliament_n through_o the_o hindrance_n of_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n duke_n of_o ireland_n nich._n brembar_v and_o robert_n tresillian_n chief_a justice_n and_o other_o who_o have_v seduce_v the_o king_n and_o make_v he_o alienate_v himself_o from_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereupon_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o lord_n aforesaid_a with_o a_o great_a guard_n of_o knight_n esquire_n and_o archer_n come_v up_o towards_o london_n and_o quarter_v in_o the_o village_n adjacent_a and_o then_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o lord_n 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though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o 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if_o not_o all_o
thing_n be_v consider_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o judge_n and_o clerk_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n entrust_v with_o the_o draw_v up_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o french_a than_o latin_a tongue_n choose_v rather_o to_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o when_o our_o statute_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o enroll_v in_o english_a m_o i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o great_a light_n in_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v before_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n with_o those_o clog_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n be_v all_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a customer_n of_o normandy_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o these_o be_v now_o take_v away_o 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there_o be_v no_o gold_n reserve_v but_o only_a horse_n and_o arm_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n knute_n each_o e._n be_v to_o pay_v two_o hundred_o manenses_n of_o gold_n each_o king_n thane_n fifty_o and_o each_o inferior_a thane_n two_o pound_n only_a note_n that_o he_o who_o be_v call_v e._n in_o k._n knutes_n law_n be_v call_v a_o count_n in_o these_o the_o thane_n a_o baron_n and_o the_o inferior_a thane_n a_o vavasor_n and_o that_o which_o be_v there_o call_v a_o 〈◊〉_d be_v here_o term_v a_o relief_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v now_o call_v escuage_z or_o servitium_n scuti_fw-la be_v of_o ancient_a time_n name_v expeditio_fw-la hominum_fw-la cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la and_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o dane_n 192._o be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o sir_n e._n coke_n in_o his_o four_o inst._n tell_v we_o that_o we_o may_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n kenulph_n who_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 821._o grant_v to_o 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urge_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n may_v appear_v very_o plausible_a to_o yourself_o and_o those_o of_o your_o notion_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v look_v close_o into_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o know_a law_n then_o receive_v and_o the_o notion_n the_o people_n have_v then_o of_o a_o lineal_a succession_n by_o right_a inheritance_n will_v prove_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o you_o know_v very_o well_o à _fw-la facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valte_n consequentia_fw-la but_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n you_o mention_v except_o the_o three_o last_o be_v real_o usurper_n and_o not_o lawful_a king_n i_o shall_v let_v you_o see_v by_o evident_a authority_n from_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o grant_v william_n rufus_n succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o father_n last_o will_v which_o be_v certain_o unlawful_a as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n of_o succession_n in_o normandy_n as_o well_o as_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o by_o the_o kindness_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n his_o godfather_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o norman_a baron_n who_o come_v over_o with_o his_o father_n as_o well_o as_o out_o of_o hatred_n to_o duke_n robert_n his_o elder_a brother_n that_o he_o be_v thus_o make_v king_n so_o that_o william_n rufus_n claim_v as_o a_o testamentary_a heir_n 368._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o claim_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o lanfranc_n and_o the_o bishop_n faction_n who_o then_o sway_v the_o people_n but_o yet_o never_o own_v any_o election_n from_o they_o so_o that_o if_o you_o right_o consider_v this_o story_n you_o can_v call_v it_o a_o election_n but_o a_o designation_n or_o nomination_n by_o his_o father_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o by_o their_o election_n or_o decree_n as_o a_o common_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o that_o for_o all_o this_o duke_z robert_z his_o brother_n be_v assist_v by_o odo_n bishop_n of_o bayenx_n and_o earl_n of_o kent_n his_o uncle_n as_o also_o divers_a other_o norman_a lord_n who_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o right_n raise_v a_o war_n in_o england_n against_o william_n and_o great_a mischief_n be_v do_v on_o both_o side_n till_o at_o last_o a_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o they_o upon_o these_o condition_n among_o other_o as_o matthew_n westminster_n relate_v it_o that_o because_o of_o the_o manifest_a right_a duke_n robert_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n 236._o he_o shall_v have_v a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o three_o thousand_o mark_n out_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o england_n and_o he_o of_o the_o two_o brother_n that_o survive_v the_o other_o if_o he_o die_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o can_v answer_v i_o these_o query_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n but_o till_o then_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v against_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o till_o king_n richard_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v i_o desire_v no_o better_a authority_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o those_o very_a author_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v for_o your_o opinion_n for_o first_o hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a place_n you_o have_v quote_v he_o say_z that_o the_o duke_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o asâ—â—nt_n of_o all_o the_o party_n there_o present_a now_o if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o grammar_n or_o sense_n he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o therefore_o need_v their_o assent_n to_o make_v he_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o quotation_n from_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n the_o duke_n be_v say_v hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la promovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o word_n be_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n show_v he_o be_v not_o then_o but_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n now_o if_o his_o hereditary_a right_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v it_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o word_n aforego_v so_o that_o though_o this_o right_n give_v he_o the_o fair_a pretence_n to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o both_o the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o till_o after_o the_o due_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n so_o that_o after_o all_o your_o question_n what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o a_o hereditary_a right_o be_v so_o own_a and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n will_v receive_v a_o very_a easy_a answer_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o out_o of_o any_o dictionary_n that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o â—eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâ—m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n of_o his_o be_v a_o duke_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o a_o king_n afterward_o as_o word_n can_v make_v m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n until_o king_n john_n be_v place_v therein_o now_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n upon_o his_o nephew_n duke_n arthur_n yet_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o elect_v in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o doubtful_a but_o suppose_v he_o be_v it_o be_v do_v wrongful_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v young_a and_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o his_o uncle_n who_o
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâ—ssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendâ—n_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o