particular_o to_o the_o 55_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v it_o begin_v thus_o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeaâ—t_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o pâ—ssessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la ois_fw-la exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_n suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n be_v illegal_a and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o 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scaccarii_fw-la make_v the_o same_o year_n run_v thus_o it_o be_v provide_v and_o ordain_v the_o king_n will_v the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n 52_o hen._n 3._o and_o he_o i._n e._n the_o king_n have_v appoint_v all_o these_o act_n ordinance_n and_o statute_n to_o be_v observe_v of_o all_o his_o subject_n if_o we_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n i._n and_o begin_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i._o it_o be_v there_o say_v in_o the_o preamble_n these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o king_n edward_n i._o make_v at_o his_o first_o parliament_n by_o his_o council_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v these_o acts._n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o in_o divers_a statute_n of_o this_o king_n at_o in_o this_o of_o westminster_n it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o counsel_n or_o assent_v of_o the_o 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etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la 18._o edw._n i._n run_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n at_o his_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n of_o his_o special_a grace_n and_o for_o the_o affection_n he_o bear_v unto_o his_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n have_v grant_v that_o etc._n etc._n ay_o edw._n ii_o begin_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v grant_v the_o statute_n of_o gavelet_n 10_o edw._n ii_o begin_v thus_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n the_o statute_n of_o carlisle_n 15_o edw._n ii_o begin_v thus_o the_o king_n unto_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o bâ—nch_n send_v greeting_n whereas_o of_o â—ate_z we_o have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n but_o if_o we_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o son_n edw._n 3d._n the_o preface_n to_o most_o of_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o reign_n run_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n etc._n etc._n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o people_n have_v grant_v and_o establish_v or_o else_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commonality_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n the_o like_a style_n continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o henry_n four_o and_o henry_n 5_o with_o very_o little_a alteration_n only_o it_o be_v common_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o prelate_n dâ—kes_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o at_o the_o instance_n and_o special_a request_n of_o the_o commons_o the_o king_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n whereby_o we_o see_v a_o plain_a difference_n in_o the_o phrase_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o those_o time_n for_o it_o be_v the_o lord_n that_o give_v their_o assent_n whereas_o the_o commons_o only_o petition_v but_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o who_o ordain_v and_o establish_v i_o confess_v indeed_o that_o under_o some_o prince_n of_o bad_a title_n as_o in_o particular_a under_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n 6_o there_o begin_v some_o alteration_n in_o the_o form_n of_o pen_v the_o 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grant_v or_o ordain_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o parliament_n and_o thus_o it_o general_o
you_o may_v remember_v by_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la câ—nsilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la just_a fury_n definitum_fw-la but_o further_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o much_o you_o be_v out_o in_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v from_o the_o form_n of_o our_o indictment_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n as_o well_o common_a as_o statute_n do_v declare_v the_o contrary_a since_o divers_a aâ—ts_n of_o parliament_n have_v express_o affirm_v that_o such_o and_o such_o offence_n be_v treason_n not_o only_o against_o the_o king_n but_o against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a realm_n too_o pray_v take_v these_o instance_n see_v the_o statute_n 1_o edw._n 3._o c._n 1._o wherein_o hugh_n de_fw-fr spencer_n both_o the_o father_n and_o son_n be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n declare_v traitor_n and_o enemy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o realm_n see_v likewise_o 28_o hen._n 8._o c._n 7._o wherein_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n on_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n beget_v on_o queen_n jane_n or_o by_o any_o other_o after_o marriage_n and_o that_o the_o offender_n that_o shall_v interrupt_v such_o heir_n in_o their_o peaceable_a succession_n they_o with_o their_o abettor_n maintainer_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v declare_v and_o adjudge_v high_a traitor_n to_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o divers_a ancient_a indictment_n in_o stanfords_n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la and_o that_o the_o parliament_n have_v reserve_v to_o itself_o a_o power_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n 3d._a to_o determine_v what_o crime_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v treason_n beside_o conspire_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n and_o those_o other_o offence_n specify_v in_o the_o same_o statute_n you_o may_v consult_v the_o statute_n at_o large_a but_o that_o these_o offence_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o endeavour_n to_o alter_v the_o government_n or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o think_v be_v evident_a since_o all_o offence_n relate_v to_o the_o life_n or_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o their_o elder_a son_n be_v there_o particular_o specify_v and_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o late_a unfortunate_a earl_n of_o strafford_n be_v first_o impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o and_o afterward_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o year_n 1641._o but_o whether_o just_o or_o not_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n now_o to_o determine_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o be_v then_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o if_o the_o earl_n be_v real_o guilty_a of_o destroy_v the_o government_n and_o introduce_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n he_o may_v have_v be_v deserve_o condemn_a but_o that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v and_o dispense_v with_o law_n be_v particular_o apply_v not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o pray_v remember_v the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v of_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o c._n 21._o wherein_o it_o be_v so_o express_o declare_v as_o also_o by_o the_o 24_o of_o this_o king_n chap._n 12._o the_o preface_n of_o which_o statute_n run_v thus_o and_o whereas_o the_o king_n most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o say_a realm_n at_o divers_a anâ—_n sundry_a parliament_n as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n one_a edward_n 3d._n richard_n 2d_o henry_n four_o etc._n etc._n make_v sundry_a ordinance_n law_n statute_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o entire_a and_o sure_a conservation_n of_o the_o prerogative_n liberty_n and_o preeminence_n of_o the_o say_v imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n where_o pray_v note_n that_o the_o make_n of_o all_o these_o statute_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v also_o far_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n when_o in_o a_o set_a speech_n to_o the_o parliament_n report_a by_o crompton_n in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n he_o say_v these_o word_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o our_o judge_n that_o we_o at_o no_o time_n stand_v so_o high_o in_o our_o estate_n royal_a as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o we_o as_o head_n and_o you_o as_o member_n be_v conjoin_v and_o knit_v together_o into_o one_o body_n politic_a and_o sure_o then_o if_o the_o king_n simile_n be_v true_a whatsoever_o function_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o member_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o head_n i_o shall_v sum_v up_o all_o i_o have_v say_v into_o this_o syllogism_n that_o power_n which_o can_v make_v or_o enact_v any_o new_a law_n without_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o two_o other_o body_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n but_o the_o king_n be_v that_o power_n which_o can_v etc._n etc._n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o question_n with_o you_o since_o i_o own_o the_o two_o house_n have_v claim_v for_o some_o age_n past_a a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a though_o in_o a_o large_a and_o improper_a sense_n as_o you_o yourself_o do_v partly_o grant_v and_o though_o for_o the_o more_o just_a and_o equal_a course_n our_o king_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n admit_v the_o 3_o estate_n viz._n the_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o into_o a_o seem_a share_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o by_o constraint_n nor_o by_o any_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o from_o their_o own_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n to_o make_v law_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n because_o that_o no_o one_o part_n thereof_o shall_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o complain_v of_o partiality_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v these_o law_n when_o make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o coronation-oath_n so_o as_o that_o he_o can_v alter_v they_o without_o their_o consent_n yet_o be_v he_o still_o above_o the_o law_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o absolute_a monarchical_a power_n and_o be_v not_o subordinate_a to_o it_o or_o so_o bind_v by_o it_o as_o to_o be_v responsible_a to_o the_o people_n for_o any_o breach_n commit_v by_o he_o upon_o it_o for_o that_o be_v derogatory_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o monarchy_n and_o be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o law_n which_o be_v but_o a_o creature_n of_o the_o prince_n make_v above_o his_o sovereign_a authority_n and_o this_o will_v make_v our_o monarchy_n 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commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n but_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o by_o a_o conventicle_n of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la summon_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la regis_fw-la appear_v by_o all_o the_o original_a writ_n found_v upon_o several_a branch_n of_o this_o statute_n whâ—ch_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o register_n recite_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la 175._o now_o the_o word_n commune_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o general_n and_o how_o can_v this_o be_v call_v a_o general_n council_n which_o only_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o wise_a sort_n of_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o for_o what_o you_o and_o the_o doctor_n cite_v out_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n of_o king_n henry_n send_v writ_n of_o summons_n and_o cull_v out_o a_o few_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n out_o of_o a_o great_a 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archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n dorso_n and_o conclude_v thus_o 155._o that_o he_o shall_v warn_v the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o appear_v with_o he_o ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la noâ—iscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proâ—eribus_fw-la &_o aliit_fw-la â—ncâ—lis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o the_o margin_n over-against_o these_o last_o word_n the_o doctor_n give_v we_o this_o note_n the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a writ_n but_o not_o here_o particular_o enumerate_v now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o writ_n be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o doctor_n will_v acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n yet_o if_o these_o word_n can_v mean_v the_o commons_o in_o this_o writ_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o this_o statute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o 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his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o 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the_o three_o and_o be_v not_o take_v man_n good_n by_o force_n and_o destroy_v their_o person_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n rebellion_n and_o murder_n at_o common_a law_n so_o that_o if_o these_o be_v the_o fact_n they_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o and_o if_o these_o act_n be_v treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n and_o murder_n then_o certain_o all_o treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n and_o murder_n be_v likewise_o pardon_v by_o those_o statute_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n be_v now_o that_o no_o pardon_n of_o treason_n or_o murder_n shall_v be_v good_a unless_o those_o offence_n be_v particular_o name_v 1._o yet_o this_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o by_o which_o it_o be_v particular_o provide_v that_o no_o pardon_n shall_v be_v allow_v before_o any_o justice_n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n etc._n etc._n treason_n etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o same_o murder_n treason_n etc._n etc._n be_v specify_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n before_o which_o statute_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o second_o instit._n tell_v we_o 236._o that_o by_o the_o pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n treason_n be_v pardon_v and_o so_o be_v murder_n etc._n etc._n f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o fact_n you_o mention_n be_v treason_n in_o strictness_n of_o law_n before_o the_o make_v that_o statute_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o even_o these_o may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n justifiable_a as_o well_o as_o bind_v a_o king_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o his_o wit_n if_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o thus_o for_o example_n suppose_v king_n john_n after_o he_o have_v make_v actual_a war_n upon_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n have_v happen_v to_o have_v his_o force_n rout_v in_o the_o field_n can_v any_o one_o believe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o have_v secure_v his_o person_n to_o prevent_v his_o make_v a_o new_a war_n upon_o they_o and_o yet_o this_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n have_v be_v treason_n now_o there_o be_v many_o action_n which_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n be_v treason_n yet_o be_v for_o the_o public_a defence_n and_o security_n of_o the_o nation_n deserve_v a_o pardon_n of_o course_n thus_o if_o foreign_a enemy_n shall_v land_v in_o england_n and_o a_o neighbour_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v raise_v on_o the_o sudden_a such_o a_o force_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v ahead_n against_o they_o till_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o country_n can_v come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n though_o this_o take_v up_o of_o arm_n without_o a_o express_a commission_n for_o it_o be_v a_o high_a misdemeanour_n â—ay_n treason_n according_a to_o your_o principle_n yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v pardon_n but_o thanks_o for_o their_o courage_n and_o so_o speedy_a assistance_n of_o the_o government_n and_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v a_o famous_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o when_o the_o traitor_n concern_v in_o the_o powder-plot_n find_v themselves_o discover_v they_o flee_v into_o warwickshire_n and_o thence_o into_o worcestershire_n and_o be_v pursue_v and_o take_v by_o the_o high_a sheriff_n of_o that_o county_n in_o staffordshire_n which_o though_o a_o great_a misdemeanour_n since_o no_o sheriff_n can_v justify_v carry_v the_o posse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la out_o of_o the_o county_n yet_o this_o be_v so_o well_o take_v that_o king_n james_n the_o first_o reward_v he_o and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o knight_v he_o for_o his_o pain_n but_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n though_o it_o be_v true_a take_v and_o imprison_v the_o king_n person_n be_v treason_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o if_o the_o government_n can_v not_o be_v restore_v to_o its_o pristine_a state_n without_o that_o extremity_n it_o must_v and_o will_v ever_o deserve_v a_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o you_o see_v the_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o not_o only_o pardon_n but_o justify_v the_o do_v of_o it_o because_o do_v for_o that_o end_n so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o chap._n 1._o not_o only_o indemnify_v but_o justify_v the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n the_o earl_n lord_n and_o all_o other_o of_o his_o party_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a though_o maintain_v and_o back_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o be_v do_v for_o the_o weal_n and_o safeguard_n of_o the_o â—_z the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o salvation_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o much_o for_o the_o point_n of_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o imprison_v his_o person_n so_o that_o if_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o king_n and_o salvation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v just_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o take_n of_o man_n good_n and_o kill_v of_o these_o that_o resist_v they_o can_v be_v robbery_n or_o murder_n because_o do_v in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n which_o can_v never_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o such_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o therefore_o you_o see_v in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o to_o the_o londoner_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o thâ—_n king_n be_v as_o express_o pardon_v as_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o pardon_v the_o treason_n of_o they_o that_o have_v commission_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o second_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o act_v by_o commission_n from_o other_o pretend_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o so_o modern_a a_o parliament_n man_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v act_v by_o â—is_n commission_n if_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v illegal_a m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o justify_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o nay_o imprisonment_n of_o our_o king_n when_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n require_v it_o that_o be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o â—action_n in_o the_o kingdom_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o disturbance_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v for_o otho_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o kill_v galba_n than_o emperor_n that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o speak_v more_o for_o the_o justification_n of_o that_o action_n quod_fw-la laudari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la peractum_fw-la treason_n if_o successful_a have_v never_o want_v a_o sufficient_a party_n in_o the_o nation_n to_o make_v up_o a_o parliament_n to_o countenance_v they_o and_o to_o pardon_v nay_o justify_v all_o those_o that_o have_v be_v actor_n in_o they_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n you_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o the_o more_o convince_v that_o such_o resistance_n be_v lawful_a notwithstanding_o those_o specious_a declaration_n of_o parliament_n of_o their_o be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n but_o you_o have_v do_v very_o wary_o to_o pass_v by_o without_o any_o justification_n the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o resistance_n 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charles_n the_o first_o as_o also_o his_o horrid_a murder_n before_o his_o own_o gate_n because_o you_o know_v cry_v well_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n seldom_o stop_v with_o a_o bare_a reformation_n of_o what_o be_v amiss_o but_o common_o end_v with_o the_o murder_n or_o deposition_n of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o drive_v he_o from_o his_o throne_n as_o we_o now_o find_v it_o by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o person_n of_o our_o unfortunate_a king_n who_o be_v so_o late_o force_v to_o quit_v this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n and_o therefore_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dispute_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o great_a mischief_n that_o attend_v this_o rebellious_a doctrine_n as_o have_v be_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a prince_n that_o ever_o reign_v and_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a man_n 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land_n and_o of_o all_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n over_o be_v the_o undoubted_a right_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o royal_a predecessor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o or_o either_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v nor_o aught_o to_o pretend_v to_o the_o same_o nor_o can_v lawful_o raise_v or_o â—evy_v war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n or_o lawful_a successor_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o have_v of_o late_o be_v practise_v almost_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o during_o the_o late_a usurp_v government_n many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n have_v be_v distil_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o unless_o prevent_v may_v break_v â—orth_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v likewise_o ordain_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o 2d_o statute_n for_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n 3d._n wherein_o not_o only_o the_o same_o preamble_n be_v recite_v verbatim_o as_o before_o in_o the_o former_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v also_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n no_o not_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o act_v as_o lieutenant_n deputy_n lieutenant_n officer_z or_o soldier_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n unless_o after_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n they_o take_v this_o oath_n follow_v viz._n i_o a._n b._n do_v declare_v and_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o that_o i_o do_v abhor_v that_o traitor_n position_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v take_v by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o
heir_n within_o age_n of_o such_o tenant_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o subject_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n dicitur_fw-la regale_n seâ—vitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestis_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o sir_n e._n c._n note_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o tenure_n as_o before_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o then_o invent_v but_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o the_o k._n viz._n wardship_n and_o marriage_n which_o be_v bracton_n meaning_n so_o as_o the_o conqueror_n provide_v for_o himself_o but_o other_o lord_n at_o the_o first_o by_o special_a reservation_n since_o the_o conquest_n provide_v upon_o gift_n of_o land_n for_o themselves_o regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplum_fw-la totuâ—_fw-la componitur_fw-la orbis_fw-la wherein_o that_o which_o we_o have_v from_o the_o conqueror_n we_o free_o confess_v f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v his_o matter_n since_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n and_o though_o sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v of_o opinion_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr wardiâ—_n that_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n yet_o sir_n john_n his_o son_n who_o be_v also_o a_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o epilogue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n of_o k._n alfred_n life_n print_v at_o oxford_n speak_v of_o military_a fee_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n thanes_z 117._o have_v this_o passage_n haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la fioda_n baeredibus_fw-la sub_fw-la hereoti_n siâ—e_fw-la relevaminis_fw-la cujus_fw-la piam_fw-la quod_fw-la haeres_fw-la in_o terrae_fw-la redemptionem_fw-la regi_fw-la solvere_fw-la tenebatur_fw-la conditione_n plerumque_fw-la transibat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la haeres_fw-la minor_fw-la natu_fw-la à _fw-la patre_fw-la moriente_fw-la relinquebatur_fw-la regi_fw-la educatio_fw-la ojus_fw-la utpoâ—â—_n regis_n hominis_fw-la committebatur_fw-la in_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o use_n in_o k._n william_n time_n or_o before_o be_v uncertain_a for_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o mat._n paris_n grant_v either_o to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o heir_n but_o let_v these_o custom_n be_v derive_v from_o whence_o you_o please_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o by_o the_o doctor_n own_o show_v for_o be_v it_o a_o norman_a custom_n never_o so_o much_o if_o your_o conqueror_n first_o of_o all_o impose_v it_o upon_o those_o he_o bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o badge_n of_o slavery_n upon_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o rather_o upon_o the_o norman_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v chief_o impose_v and_o if_o they_o afterward_o grant_v land_n to_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o same_o term_n they_o hold_v they_o themselves_o they_o be_v no_o more_o slave_n to_o who_o they_o be_v grant_v than_o they_o be_v under_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o but_o indeed_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o my_o badge_n of_o servitude_n that_o if_o the_o dr._n himself_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v these_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n homines_fw-la and_o their_o service_n bracton_n say_v be_v so_o notorious_o free_a that_o in_o writ_n of_o right_n it_o be_v never_o mention_v because_o so_o well_o know_v notandum_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quod_fw-la constat_fw-la quia_fw-la tale_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o hour_n rigorous_a the_o feudal_n law_n may_v be_v at_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v when_o your_o conqueror_n come_v in_o so_o far_o mitigate_v as_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o that_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o only_o free_a by_o k._n william_n law_n from_o all_o arbitrary_a tax_n and_o tally_n but_o also_o obtain_v a_o settle_a inheritance_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n in_o k._n william_n charter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o william_n of_o warren_n earl_n of_o surrey_n be_v question_v after_o the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la by_o the_o king_n justice_n by_o what_o warrant_n he_o hold_v his_o land_n 79._o pull_v out_o a_o old_a sword_n he_o answer_v to_o this_o effect_n behold_v my_o lord_n here_o be_v my_o warranty_n my_o ancestor_n come_v into_o this_o land_n with_o william_n the_o bastard_n and_o obtain_v those_o land_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o i_o be_o resolve_v with_o this_o sword_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o any_o whosoever_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o dispossess_v i_o for_o the_o k._n do_v not_o himself_o alone_o conquer_v the_o land_n but_o our_o progenitor_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o and_o assistant_n therein_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o divers_a french_a writer_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o do_v not_o attribute_v their_o agreement_n to_o their_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o norman_n 461._o but_o quite_o contrary_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n most_o 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normandy_n come_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o nation_n either_o not_o long_o before_o or_o after_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n in_o the_o customary_a there_o be_v a_o chapter_n of_o nampe_n or_o distress_n and_o it_o be_v there_o decree_v that_o one_o shall_v not_o bring_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o seizure_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o k._n richard_n and_o this_o must_v be_v our_o k._n richard_n the_o first_o because_o no_o k._n of_o france_n be_v ever_o of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o word_n nampe_n and_o withernams_n be_v saxon_a word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o english_a law_n signify_v a_o pawn_n or_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v use_v in_o the_o customary_a but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o object_n against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v proceed_v to_o your_o last_o head_n and_o let_v i_o see_v how_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o english_a lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n 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of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o
act_n be_v declare_v absolute_o void_a yet_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n likewise_o prove_v that_o this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a be_v void_a and_o he_o make_v this_o out_o not_o only_o from_o constant_a practice_n in_o other_o statute_n of_o like_a nature_n but_o also_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o plowden_n and_o the_o say_a lord_n cook_n 8._o first_o as_o to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n for_o above_o a_o year_n 2._o that_o all_o letter_n patent_n make_v for_o year_n or_o life_n shall_v be_v void_a 3._o that_o no_o nonobstante_a shall_v make_v they_o good_a which_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n think_v the_o king_n can_v otherwise_o have_v dispense_v with_o this_o act_n by_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la there_o be_v likewise_o in_o this_o act_n a_o penalty_n of_o 200_o l._n and_o the_o party_n be_v also_o disable_v from_o bear_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff_n in_o any_o 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come_n over_o hither_o be_v
succeed_a immediate_o upon_o his_o say_a father_n resignation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o after_o this_o king_n be_v once_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n but_o that_o he_o may_v think_v it_o most_o to_o his_o honour_n and_o the_o independency_n of_o his_o title_n to_o rely_v whole_o upon_o his_o right_n of_o succession_n as_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n without_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o the_o parliament_n election_n of_o he_o though_o this_o be_v also_o convert_o express_v in_o these_o word_n which_o be_v in_o this_o writ_n and_o proclamation_n viz._n `_o that_o consent_n to_o his_o say_a father_n pleasure_n he_o have_v take_v the_o government_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la &_o advisamento_fw-la praelator_n com._n baron_n magnat_fw-la &_o communitat_fw-la predict_v which_o though_o you_o translate_v by_o council_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commonalty_n yet_o i_o do_v 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and_o claim_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n it_o be_v conclude_v and_o agree_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n that_o his_o title_n can_v not_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o for_o eschew_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o may_v ensue_v a_o mean_a be_v find_v to_o save_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o estate_n and_o to_o appease_v the_o say_a duke_n if_o he_o will_v which_o be_v that_o the_o king_n viz._n henry_n the_o vith_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n during_o life_n the_o duke_n to_o be_v declare_v the_o true_a heir_n and_o to_o possess_v it_o after_o his_o death_n etc._n etc._n and_o note_v that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v on_o both_o side_n f._n i_o confess_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n henry_n the_o vith_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n be_v true_o recite_v
rebellion_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o 2_o d_o and_o to_o depose_v he_o i_o can_v see_v why_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o same_o crime_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o to_o who_o he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o have_v take_v he_o prisoner_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n whereby_o himself_o be_v declare_v protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n disinherit_v after_o a_o quiet_a possession_n in_o three_o descent_n during_o the_o space_n of_o above_o sixty_o year_n which_o if_o it_o will_v not_o give_v a_o thorough_a settlement_n after_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o confirm_v it_o i_o know_v not_o what_o can_v m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o transaction_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v yet_o and_o i_o shall_v very_o much_o incline_v to_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n be_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o our_o king_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o god_n law_n as_o well_o as_o man_n as_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o more_o than_o one_o parliament_n have_v be_v of_o my_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o several_a statute_n and_o declaration_n of_o parliament_n which_o though_o not_o print_v be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n upon_o the_o parliament_n roll_n for_o after_o that_o henry_n the_o 6_o the_o or_o rather_o his_o queen_n for_o he_o have_v break_v the_o aforesaid_a solemn_a agreement_n make_v between_o this_o king_n and_o duke_n in_o parliament_n whereby_o it_o be_v accord_v that_o if_o king_n henry_n make_v war_n again_o upon_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n he_o shall_v then_o forfeit_v his_o present_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n during_o his_o life_n chron._n whereupon_o queen_n margaret_n and_o her_o son_n prince_n edward_n who_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o this_o agreement_n renew_v the_o war_n and_o fight_v another_o battle_n at_o wakefield_n the_o say_a duke_n be_v slay_v but_o though_o he_o do_v not_o live_v to_o enjoy_v his_o right_n yet_o his_o son_n edward_n earl_n of_o march_n again_o recover_v it_o and_o have_v in_o the_o second_o battle_n of_o st._n alban_n take_v k._n henry_n prisoner_n triumphant_o march_v to_o london_n he_o there_o declare_v himself_o king_n 388._o and_o have_v immediate_o call_v a_o parliament_n it_o be_v therein_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o k._n richard_n the_o ad_fw-la be_v repeal_v and_o the_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v declare_v against_o his_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o that_o with_o violence_n he_o have_v usurp_v upon_o the_o royal_a power_n and_o dignity_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o he_o have_v by_o cruel_a tyranny_n murder_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a king_n richard_n his_o 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second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la liceâ—â—on_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la â—as_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o conâ—ilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr consâ—nsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la commâ—ni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la prâ—ceâ—â—nte_fw-la justè_fw-la 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stand_v but_o every_o general_a rule_n may_v have_v some_o exception_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n seven_o about_o which_o time_n that_o usual_a clause_n at_o the_o special_a instance_n or_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o begin_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o be_v laiâ—_n aside_o and_o that_o of_o their_o advice_n or_o assent_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o place_n thereof_o for_o which_o i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o statute-book_n at_o large_a which_o form_n i_o confess_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n yet_o even_o in_o hen._n 7th_n time_n in_o the_o first_o of_o that_o king_n and_o the_o seven_o chap._n it_o run_v in_o this_o style_n the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o his_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o say_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o ordain_v and_o though_o 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of_o hen._n 6._o c._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v gracious_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o say_a prelate_n and_o clergy_n at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o say_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o aforesaid_a have_v ordain_v and_o establishse_v where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n be_v not_o here_o at_o all_o mention_v because_o it_o be_v needless_a as_o be_v make_v at_o their_o request_n and_o if_o pray_v and_o request_v shall_v destroy_v the_o legislative_a power_n i_o doubt_v whether_o edw._n 3d._n do_v not_o give_v away_o he_o when_o in_o his_o 14_o year_n in_o a_o statute_n concern_v the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n the_o preamble_n run_v thus_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n pray_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o great_a business_n which_o he_o have_v in_o hand_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o will_v grant_v he_o some_o aid_n upon_o wool_n leather_n etc._n etc._n where_o upon_o deliberation_n be_v bad_a the_o say_a prelate_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v grant_v he_o 40_o shilling_n to_o be_v take_v on_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o commons_o but_o also_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o petitioner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o commons_o pray_v see_v these_o authority_n the_o 1_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n 27_o edw._n 3d._n run_v thus_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o ed._n four_o i_o e._n it_o be_v recite_v thus_o the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n advice_n request_v and_o authority_n of_o his_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o 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point_n namely_o that_o the_o king_n his_o nobility_n and_o commons_o do_v ordain_v and_o enact_v the_o same_o and_o which_o be_v more_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n seem_v to_o pass_n under_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n only_o as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v that_o show_v indeed_o yet_o you_o must_v not_o by_o and_o by_o judge_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o other_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o insinuation_n rather_o than_o argument_n against_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v it_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o which_o bear_v so_o hard_o upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o last_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a that_o they_o be_v introduce_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n vi_o and_o vii_o two_o usurper_n and_o but_o in_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o former_a i_o think_v i_o 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assembly_n the_o power_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o latter_a that_o they_o can_v even_o depose_v the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o tyrannize_v over_o or_o oppress_v it_o they_o if_o we_o go_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o norway_n that_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o diet_n elect_v their_o king_n and_o can_v likewise_o depose_v they_o till_o those_o kingdom_n become_v hereditary_a which_o be_v but_o of_o modern_a time_n i_o shall_v omit_v poland_n because_o perhaps_o you_o may_v dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o kingdom_n or_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o we_o pass_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o huns_n a_o nation_n of_o gothic_n original_a we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_o the_o like_a assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o in_o the_o other_o kingdom_n but_o also_o that_o they_o have_v a_o magistrate_n call_v the_o palatine_a who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o conservator_n 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they_o shall_v all_o conspire_v to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o each_o of_o these_o particular_a kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o institution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n may_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n itself_o in_o several_a of_o those_o kingdom_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v at_o first_o elective_a but_o what_o be_v that_o to_o england_n where_o our_o monarchy_n have_v be_v by_o succession_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o do_v i_o much_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o mirror_n as_o to_o the_o great_a antiquity_n he_o ascribe_v to_o this_o assembly_n of_o count_n or_o comites_fw-la as_o bracton_n call_v they_o and_o in_o which_o by_o the_o way_n no_o commons_o be_v mention_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v very_o ancient_a yet_o that_o it_o whole_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o indulgence_n of_o our_o king_n 34._o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v always_o a_o necessity_n of_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n in_o a_o learned_a treatise_n write_v on_o that_o subject_a wherein_o he_o prove_v that_o in_o all_o consultation_n of_o state_n and_o decision_n of_o private_a plaint_n it_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o time_n the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o present_a to_o advise_v but_o also_o to_o determine_v and_o whensoever_o the_o king_n be_v present_a all_o power_n of_o judge_v which_o be_v derive_v from_o he_o cease_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o lord_n may_v serve_v for_o matter_n of_o advice_n the_o final_a judgement_n be_v only_o the_o king_n but_o indeed_o of_o late_a year_n queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o sex_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o public_a assembly_n have_v bring_v it_o out_o of_o use_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o 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cause_n say_v bracton_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n have_v hitherto_o exercise_v for_o the_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a by_o way_n of_o appeal_n not_o only_o between_o subject_n but_o also_o in_o all_o accusation_n against_o the_o lord_n themselves_o proceed_v whole_o from_o the_o king_n which_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a precedent_n 937._o mention_v by_o abbot_n brampton_n in_o his_o history_n it_o be_v the_o case_n between_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n who_o the_o king_n accuse_v for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n prince_n alfred_n before_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v that_o after_o the_o earl_n have_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n the_o king_n thereupon_o say_v you_o noble_a lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n i._n e._n thanes_z of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege-man_n now_o gather_v here_o together_o and_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_n i_o will_v that_o in_o this_o appeal_n between_o we_o you_o decree_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v true_a justice_n and_o upon_o their_o judgement_n that_o the_o earl_n shall_v make_v the_o king_n sufficient_a satisfaction_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n be_v thereof_o inform_v and_o not_o willing_a to_o contradict_v it_o the_o historian_n there_o say_v he_o ratify_v all_o they_o have_v judge_v i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o other_o precedent_n of_o latter_a date_n be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a but_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o what_o the_o pâ—ers_v act_v in_o this_o matter_n be_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a will_n and_o permission_n i_o shall_v only_o conclude_v with_o one_o precedent_n more_o in_o case_n of_o some_o what_o alike_o nature_n it_o be_v that_o of_o hen._n spencer_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n 7_o rich._n 2d_o who_o be_v accuse_v foâ—_n join_v with_o the_o french_a the_o bishop_n complain_v what_o be_v do_v against_o he_o do_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o assent_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o peer_n whereupon_o it_o be_v say_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o cognisance_n and_o punishment_n of_o his_o offence_n do_v of_o câ—mmon_a right_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n sole_o and_o whole_o belong_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o from_o all_o which_o i_o infer_v that_o the_o judicial_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v mere_o derivative_a from_o and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o supreme_a power_n resiâ—â—ing_v in_o the_o king_n from_o whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o peer_n have_v no_o power_n nor_o honour_n but_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o
atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâ—mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtâ—â—uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardâ—rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lâ—ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o 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man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
call_v catalogus_fw-la gloriae_fw-la mundi_fw-la write_v on_o this_o subject_n where_o in_o his_o 8_o the_o part_n consid_n 18._o he_o have_v this_o among_o other_o comment_n on_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la etiam_fw-la causatur_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la quoniam_fw-la civis_fw-la ex_fw-la urbe_fw-la splendida_fw-la oriundus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la for_o which_o he_o there_o give_v many_o authority_n and_o this_o title_n he_o look_v upon_o as_o due_a also_o to_o country_n gentleman_n live_v upon_o the_o husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o annual_a rent_n and_o that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v be_v often_o understand_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n common_o call_v in_o old_a french_a grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o can_v give_v you_o sufficient_a authority_n now_o this_o word_n magnates_n be_v always_o render_v in_o our_o old_a french_a by_o grantz_n 95._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o in_o 16._o dorso_fw-la you_o will_v find_v this_o title_n inhibitio_fw-la ne_fw-la qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n 〈◊〉_d abqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o word_n magnates_n be_v apply_v to_o knight_n at_o least_o as_o well_o as_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o among_o the_o common_a writ_n of_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 34_o edw._n i._o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o cinque-port_n be_v call_v magnate_v so_o also_o in_o the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o de_fw-la servientibus_fw-la it_o be_v there_o enact_v per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-fr les_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr prelatz_n countess_n 〈◊〉_d &_o autres_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr communalte_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr also_o in_o the_o statute-book_n print_v in_o french_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n 27_o e._n 3._o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v express_o call_v grantz_n des_fw-fr counties_n and_o last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o superlative_a optimus_fw-la it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n in_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n 189._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n of_o london_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n qui_fw-la pro_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la civitatis_fw-la optimates_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a knight_n but_o also_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v remarkable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o estate_n or_o office_n in_o city_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n appear_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n book_n 64._o keep_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n where_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1229._o be_v the_o 13_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâ—aes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la â—ermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr â—ently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shirâ—_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yoâ—â—_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o 〈◊〉_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ—_n iâ—_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ—_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o â—â—â—ons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâ—e_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v 〈◊〉_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ—_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 〈◊〉_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâ—sire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ—_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ—_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâ—founded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ—_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barâ—â—gii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ—_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâ—lman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 〈◊〉_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â—_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâ—â—â—_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniâ—â—sis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nâ—â—_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o liâ—tleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n iâ—_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o thaâ—_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o if_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v concur_v here_o have_v be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a university_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v notwistanding_n it_o seem_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o another_o body_n of_o man_n call_v here_o the_o communis_fw-la vniversitas_fw-la by_o which_o must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o or_o no_o body_n since_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v all_o agree_v together_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o story_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n look_v somewhat_o plausible_a at_o the_o first_o on_o your_o side_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n for_o what_o if_o by_o this_o common_a university_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o not_o â—itting_v with_o the_o lord_n at_o that_o time_n they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regâ—â—_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâ—ballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâ—hes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a beyond_o doubt_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o common_a university_n f._n then_o pray_v tell_v i_o who_o they_o be_v for_o the_o historian_n tell_v that_o when_o all_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n have_v now_o meet_v together_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o these_o last_o â—ell_v they_o that_o without_o the_o common_a university_n they_o can_v do_v nothing_o which_o have_v be_v nonsense_n if_o as_o your_o doctor_n suppose_v the_o whole_a university_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v all_o present_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o be_v a_o material_a objection_n but_o what_o if_o to_o help_v he_o out_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o by_o the_o common_a university_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n and_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v not_o have_v be_v present_a and_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v this_o proposal_n therefore_o the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o till_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o common_a universty_a or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o though_o this_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v not_o then_o actual_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n who_o be_v here_o express_o say_v to_o have_v consult_v by_o themselves_o must_v have_v do_v so_o likewise_o therefore_o though_o our_o author_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v yet_o certain_o this_o common_a university_n be_v thereupon_o consult_v and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o this_o committee_n of_o twelve_o who_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o the_o lord_n excuse_v as_o well_o as_o the_o election_n of_o these_o person_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z etc._n etc._n have_v be_v very_o insignificant_a f._n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o precarious_a assertion_n and_o without_o any_o due_a proof_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o these_o word_n do_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o not_o for_o yourself_o confess_v that_o mat._n paris_n be_v short_a in_o this_o point_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o i_o by_o this_o material_a circumstance_n that_o not_o one_o person_n of_o the_o twelve_o but_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o great_a baron_n for_o that_o richard_n de_fw-fr monâ—sichet_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr baliot_n be_v so_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n have_v prove_v in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n 1._o whereas_o if_o the_o university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v join_v in_o this_o election_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o they_o will_v have_v choose_v some_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o committee_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n or_o baron_n since_o yourself_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o then_o be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o lord_n nor_o do_v at_o this_o time_n sit_v or_o act_n joint_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a baron_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o likewise_o it_o far_a seem_v high_o probable_a that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n do_v not_o give_v any_o resolution_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o money_n give_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n request_n but_o only_a complaint_n of_o and_o order_n about_o redress_v of_o grievance_n which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n often_o do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o now_o by_o some_o other_o record_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o 197._o that_o there_o often_o be_v a_o distinct_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 10._o the_o first_o record_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 42._o hen._n iii_o beginning_n thus_o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la arduis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o râ—gnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâ—iis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâ—e_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâ—ium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâ—mus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâ—icost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â—_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a man_n 12_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o other_o 12._o by_o the_o procoreâ—_n or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v take_v in_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n but_o whether_o by_o these_o wordâ—_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n or_o commons_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o record_n sufficient_o confirm_v my_o argument_n from_o the_o precedent_a record_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o then_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o last_o record_n promiserunâ—_n etiam_fw-la nobis_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n memoraâ—i_n quod_fw-la expleris_fw-la negotiis_fw-la superius_fw-la tactic_a bonâ—_n fide_fw-la laboraâ—unt_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la communâ—_n praestâ—â—ur_fw-la à _fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ—_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ—_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâ—ume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la â—auz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râ—aume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâ—ent_a pâ—â—r_n perqâ—_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauâ—â—l'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ—_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ—_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
why_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n m._n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o do_v it_o and_o for_o this_o end_n shall_v reduce_v my_o argument_n to_o these_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v some_o writ_n find_v out_o and_o produce_v by_o the_o doctor_n whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 49th_o second_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o all_o statute_n in_o hâ—n_n iii_o reign_n wherein_o be_v not_o one_o word_n mention_v of_o the_o commons_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a three_o the_o critical_a time_n viz._n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v during_o monsfords_n rebellion_n four_a their_o discontinuance_n from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nor_o yet_o of_o ed._n i._n till_o the_o 18_o in_o which_o the_o doctor_n show_v you_o a_o writ_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o before_o by_o which_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v a_o new_a to_o parliament_n last_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n whether_o for_o one_o knight_n or_o two_o knight_n and_o sometime_o no_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o all_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o institution_n as_o also_o of_o some_o parliamentary_a form_n relate_v to_o the_o commons_o which_o show_v that_o neither_o their_o number_n nor_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v settle_v long_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o first_o head_n i_o know_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n about_o the_o loss_n or_o rather_o defect_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o all_o the_o king_n till_o the_o 23d_o or_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v so_o well_o assure_v what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n as_o we_o may_v be_v afterward_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n extant_a upon_o the_o close_a roll_n before_o and_o in_o those_o time_n dein_fw-ge by_o which_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n and_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorseâ—_n of_o which_o ancient_o most_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o other_o king_n reign_n be_v enter_v few_o on_o the_o patent_n roll_n which_o we_o have_v likewise_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o strange_a if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o at_o this_o day_n that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o summons_n to_o they_o upon_o these_o roll_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v for_o our_o satisfaction_n find_v out_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o lord_n one_o in_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o two_o other_o of_o hen_n iii_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n 6_o of_o king_n john_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n dor_n which_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v verbatim_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o material_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n where_o after_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o summon_v particular_o express_v it_o conclude_v thus_o expedit_fw-la habere_fw-la vestrum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la ilium_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocari_fw-la dor_n the_o second_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 26_o hen._n iii_o direct_v to_o w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n wherein_o he_o be_v likewise_o summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la similiter_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocaâ—i_fw-la de_fw-la arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la statum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la with_o this_o note_n underneath_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o 38th_o of_o the_o same_o king_n direct_v to_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 93._o whereby_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v at_o westminster_n within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o hillary_n next_o come_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwail_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o gascony_n and_o this_o very_a council_n mat._n paris_n anno._n dom._n 1254._o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o all_o the_o magnate_v or_o great_a man_n of_o england_n come_v together_o the_o day_n of_o which_o meeting_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o february_n be_v st._n iulian_n day_n and_o which_o fall_v one_o within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o st._n hillary_n day_n which_o be_v that_o appoint_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n may_v be_v be_v far_o make_v out_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o earl_n richard_n to_o the_o king_n then_o in_o gascony_n 50._o which_o be_v recite_v by_o mat._n paris_n in_o his_o additament_n in_o these_o word_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n regina_fw-la &_o richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la recipimus_fw-la literas_fw-la vestras_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n domini_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la hillarii_n convocaremus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o member_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o universal_a silence_n concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n suppose_v from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n most_o of_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v be_v lose_v yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v f._n you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n than_o what_o you_o now_o offer_v for_o if_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse_n of_o which_o you_o tell_v i_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v then_o certain_o those_o to_o the_o lord_n be_v there_o enter_v also_o and_o if_o so_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o above_o eighty_o year_n time_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v above_o eighty_o parliament_n you_o can_v show_v i_o but_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o those_o only_a to_o as_o many_o bishop_n and_o to_o no_o temporal_a lord_n at_o all_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v parliament_n and_o not_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o as_o i_o rather_o believe_v they_o be_v for_o you_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o you_o doctor_n credit_n when_o you_o allege_v that_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v have_v a_o friend_n who_o have_v give_v i_o a_o note_n of_o what_o close_a roll_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o those_o reign_v and_o what_o be_v lose_v which_o you_o may_v here_o see_v to_o begin_v with_o king_n john_n pray_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v go_v and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o for_o certain_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o succeed_a year_n in_o the_o next_o place_n till_o the_o 18_o there_o be_v but_o one_o roll_n leave_v of_o each_o year_n but_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o after_o that_o but_o one_o or_o two_o in_o a_o year_n to_o the_o very_a end_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o one_o roll_n in_o every_o precedent_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v more_o entire_a than_o those_o of_o king_n john_n there_o be_v some_o leave_v we_o of_o every_o year_n but_o the_o 23d_o yet_o they_o be_v but_o
a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o one_o may_v be_v lose_v sure_o the_o other_o may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v produce_v be_v not_o any_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o i_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v not_o only_o because_o the_o title_n to_o the_o last_o writ_n be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o not_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o also_o because_o mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n who_o certain_o must_v have_v see_v all_o these_o writ_n as_o well_o as_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v as_o able_a to_o judge_n of_o they_o never_o cite_v they_o for_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n observe_v of_o several_a writ_n in_o which_o the_o like_a word_n of_o summon_v the_o lord_n to_o give_v 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suppose_v it_o do_v when_o no_o other_o lay-member_n be_v mention_v but_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o barones_n be_v a_o cheveral_a word_n and_o to_o be_v stretch_v or_o contract_v as_o best_a suit_n with_o your_o hypothesis_n so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o great_a reason_n suppose_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n and_o the_o commons_o under_o aliis_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o which_o be_v also_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n iii_o but_o you_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v their_o representative_n both_o at_o the_o make_n and_o confirm_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o proof_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_a will_v come_v to_o late_o though_o i_o shall_v patient_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o produce_v from_o statute_n and_o record_n which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o consider_v pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o that_o year_n and_o never_o before_o nor_o after_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n for_o they_o both_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o improbable_a supposition_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n as_o i_o can_v of_o this_o transaction_n first_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o simon_n monâ—fort_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o faction_n have_v take_v king_n hen._n iii_o dein_fw-ge and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n he_o carry_v they_o about_o with_o he_o till_o they_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o call_v together_o at_o london_n the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o that_o faction_n which_o so_o seditious_o hold_v their_o king_n prisoner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o committee_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o twelve_o lord_n who_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n or_o at_o least_o of_o three_o of_o they_o no_o affair_n in_o the_o king_n household_n or_o in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v transact_v and_o to_o these_o ordinance_n the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n be_v force_v to_o agree_v and_o though_o the_o record_n of_o this_o agreement_n recite_v that_o this_o ordinance_n dorso_n be_v make_v at_o london_n by_o the_o consent_n good-like_a and_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o of_o 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the_o nobleman_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o party_n to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n next_o ensue_v and_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n schâ—dula_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o it_o be_v thus_o recite_v â—eodem_fw-la moâ—o_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la episcopo_fw-la carleol_n as_o also_o to_o divers_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n all_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o faction_n there_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o summon_v more_o than_o ever_o be_v i_o believe_v before_o or_o since_o and_o then_o follow_v a_o short_a
to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n but_o i_o think_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n for_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n whereto_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o commons_o summon_v as_o before_o but_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o magnates_n alone_a seize_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o also_o they_o give_v he_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o late_a rebel_n and_o then_o there_o be_v after_o this_o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o kenelworth_n in_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o six_o person_n who_o be_v all_o except_o one_o either_o bishop_n or_o baron_n shall_v choose_v six_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a twelve_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v disinherit_v for_o their_o late_a rebellion_n and_o their_o determination_n or_o award_n be_v call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-la kenelworth_n and_o be_v make_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o disinherited_a and_o to_o turn_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n into_o a_o composition_n for_o they_o after_o the_o value_n of_o five_o year_n purchase_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o two_o or_o three_o short_a payment_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o to_o this_o parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v at_o all_o summon_v but_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o statute_n give_v we_o all_o their_o name_n yet_o the_o doctor_n further_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n baronage_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o but_o what_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n or_o a_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o have_v there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n they_o will_v certain_o have_v have_v commissioner_n of_o their_o own_o order_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n f._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a answer_n to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o winchester_n and_o kenelworth_n as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o must_v own_o that_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v 144._o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n than_o that_o writ_n or_o commission_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o which_o recite_v that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o magnatum_fw-la or_o great_a man_n as_o the_o doctor_n render_v it_o the_o king_n have_v the_o seisin_n and_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o rebel_n estate_n give_v to_o he_o which_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o commons_o be_v there_o since_o i_o have_v so_o often_o make_v out_o that_o under_o this_o wordâ—_n magnatum_fw-la not_o only_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v often_o comprehend_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o writ_n extant_a to_o prove_v the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o if_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a invention_n of_o montfort_n to_o summon_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a as_o good_a policy_n for_o this_o king_n to_o continue_v so_o politic_a a_o institution_n which_o will_v for_o the_o future_a serve_v for_o so_o good_a a_o balance_n not_o only_o against_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o his_o great_a lord_n also_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n at_o kenelworth_n i_o shall_v admit_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o from_o mat._n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o the_o twelve_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n be_v choose_v de_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o prudentioribus_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la and_o also_o that_o the_o french_a record_n cite_v by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâ—lâ—bridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâ—r_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
be_v particular_a direction_n since_o by_o the_o general_a writ_n of_o summons_n provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o minor_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o only_o the_o more_o discreet_a be_v then_o summon_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o preamble_n the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n of_o any_o writ_n direct_v to_o county_n city_n or_o burgh_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o member_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o britton_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v this_o statute_n to_o have_v be_v make_v 95._o per_fw-la la_fw-fr purveance_n de_fw-fr robert_n walerand_n &_o per_fw-la commune_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr graunt_n signior_n du_fw-fr realm_n by_o the_o procurement_n or_o forecast_n of_o robert_n walerand_n and_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o have_v a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o statute_n to_o instance_n in_o which_o be_v say_v by_o m._n paris_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o several_a parliament_n of_o this_o king_n by_o the_o community_n or_o common_a university_n or_o baronage_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o i_o pass_v they_o by_o because_o we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v most_o of_o they_o already_o f._n if_o only_o some_o of_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v thus_o meet_v and_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o so_o tame_o put_v up_o this_o strange_a infringement_n of_o their_o privilege_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o seem_v their_o power_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o 37_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n when_o as_o i_o say_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o baron_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v then_o omit_v to_o summon_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o doctor_n opinion_n nor_o yet_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n that_o this_o king_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n call_v or_o omit_v what_o peer_n he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n year_n abbot_n and_o prior_n in_o full_a parliament_n 2_o rich._n 2._o wherein_o they_o claim_v that_o hold_v per_fw-la baronium_n it_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o be_v by_o right_n of_o prescription_n to_o be_v present_a in_o all_o parliament_n as_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o treat_v consult_v and_o ordain_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n claim_v this_o privilege_n sure_o the_o temporal_a baron_n may_v with_o the_o like_a right_n have_v make_v the_o like_a claim_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v high_o derogatory_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o maintain_v that_o the_o king_n either_o have_v or_o ever_o have_v the_o power_n of_o call_v and_o leave_v out_o what_o lord_n he_o please_v and_o so_o to_o make_v pack_v parliament_n to_o serve_v a_o turn_n when_o ever_o he_o please_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o your_o argument_n that_o because_o the_o more_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o great_a as_o well_o of_o the_o lessâ—r_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n that_o therefore_o there_o be_v only_o call_v to_o it_o such_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v leave_v out_o which_o be_v a_o very_a idle_a supposition_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o temporal_a baron_n there_o at_o all_o and_o that_o by_o the_o great_a discreet_a mâ—n_z be_v to_o be_v understand_v some_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o judge_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v then_o the_o most_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o any_o person_n at_o that_o time_n and_o consequent_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o discreet_a to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o by_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o discreet_a man_n shall_v be_v understand_v such_o great_a clerk_n and_o lawyer_n though_o not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v as_o be_v likewise_o most_o able_a to_o advise_v he_o but_o if_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o this_o interpretation_n be_v force_v i_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o same_o of_o you_o and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o parliament_n be_v summon_v in_o no_o other_o manner_n and_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o those_o that_o use_v to_o appear_v in_o all_o other_o precede_v great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o must_v put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o bare_a pen_n of_o the_o different_a form_n of_o ancient_a statute_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o nor_o by_o what_o power_n they_o be_v enact_v some_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a be_v draw_v in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n or_o writ_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o assent_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o whole_a realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o list_n of_o divers_a old_a statute_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n iii_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n i_o think_v but_o will_v grant_v that_o these_o statute_n be_v all_o make_v and_o agree_v to_o by_o they_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a form_n though_o it_o be_v not_o particula_o express_v and_o therefore_o to_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o consider_v that_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v no_o more_o restrictive_a to_o some_o particular_a person_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o superlative_a degree_n and_o instead_o of_o discretioribus_fw-la it_o have_v be_v discretissimis_fw-la or_o sapientissimis_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o no_o man_n will_v interpret_v to_o mean_v only_o a_o few_o of_o those_o who_o the_o king_n shall_v judge_v the_o wise_a and_o most_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v not_o mind_v the_o grammatical_a but_o legal_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n and_o then_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o by_o the_o great_a discreet_a man_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o under_o the_o lesser_a discreet_a man_n be_v include_v the_o commons_o but_o that_o these_o minores_fw-la descreti_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n in_o these_o word_n provisiones_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la subscripta_fw-la â—b_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la ipsius_fw-la incalis_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la &_o inviolabiliter_fw-la temporibus_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la staâ—neriâ—_n observari_fw-la so_o that_o if_o by_o the_o majores_fw-la iâ—colae_fw-la who_o be_v to_o observe_v these_o statute_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v mean_v then_o by_o the_o minores_fw-la incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o parity_n of_o reason_n by_o the_o minores_fw-la discreti_fw-la mention_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n must_v be_v also_o mean_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o alone_a can_v be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n may_v appear_v by_o compare_v this_o statute_n with_o another_o make_v at_o gloucester_n the_o 6_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o these_o word_n purvenant_n mâ—sm_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr pour_fw-fr amendment_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr royalme_n &_o pur_fw-it pluis_fw-it plenier_n exhibition_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr sicome_n le_fw-fr profit_n d'office_n demand_n appelles_fw-la les_fw-fr pluis_fw-it discretes_n the_o son_n royalme_n auxibien_fw-fr des_fw-fr greindres_n come_v des_fw-fr meindres_n establie_o est_fw-la &_o acordan'ment_n ordain_v so_o that_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o call_v to_o this_o parliament_n and_o if_o by_o the_o greindres_n discretes_n be_v understand_v the_o lord_n then_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n under_o meindres_n discretes_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o
translate_v 193._o the_o clergy_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v and_o in_o 1_o of_o richard_n i._n r._n hoveden_n also_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o pipewel_n abbey_n in_o northamptonshire_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n john_n now_o in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n library_n entitle_v charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la seod_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la recite_v the_o say_a king_n to_o have_v be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o savore_fw-la and_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v turbulent_a 587._o yet_o the_o author_n of_o the_o manuscript_n eulogium_fw-la quote_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n mention_n a_o great_a council_n at_o london_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o year_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la i._n e._n say_v dr._n heylin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o clergy_n of_o both_o rank_n and_o order_n with_o all_o the_o laity_n call_v here_o secta_fw-la laicalis_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v then_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o dr._n proceed_v thus_o and_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_a the_o clergy_n stand_v when_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n wherein_o the_o freedom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n of_o which_o this_o evident_o be_v one_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o i._n e._n the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o general_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o what_o dr._n heylins_n sense_n be_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o high_a churchman_n think_v it_o no_o heresy_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v all_o along_o in_o that_o chapter_n that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o at_o least_o but_o that_o their_o consent_n be_v also_o ancient_o ask_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o from_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v explode_v as_o a_o ancient_a author_n yet_o certain_o be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o his_o own_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la be_v reckon_v among_o the_o constituent_a member_n or_o state_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o two_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n viz._n the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o this_o clause_n of_o praemunâ—entes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v particular_o express_v 155._o which_o pray_v read_v from_o your_o drs._n answer_n to_o mr._n p._n praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la &_o capitulum_n ecclesiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la archidiaconos_n totumque_fw-la clerum_fw-la vestrae_fw-la diocaesis_n facientes_fw-la quod_fw-la iidem_fw-la prio_fw-la &_o archidiac_n in_o propriis_fw-la personis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la capitulum_n per_fw-la duos_fw-la procuratores_fw-la idoneos_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la capitulis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la habentes_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la intersint_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la coeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la qualiter_fw-la sit_fw-la hujusae_fw-la modi_fw-la periculis_fw-la obviandum_fw-la viz._n the_o danger_n in_o the_o writ_n mention_v to_o be_v threaten_v from_o france_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la be_v insert_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v have_v we_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n before_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._o as_o well_o as_o since_o but_o we_o may_v hence_o observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v not_o only_o summon_v to_o treat_v with_o the_o prelate_n but_o be_v as_o well_o as_o they_o here_o authorise_v to_o treat_v ordain_v and_o act_n with_o they_o and_o the_o lord_n and_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o so_o your_o dr._n himself_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n translate_v aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o how_o they_o can_v thus_o consult_v and_o act_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v not_o beeâ—_n then_o as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v surpass_v my_o capacity_n to_o understand_v nor_o be_v this_o clause_n find_v in_o this_o writ_n alone_o but_o be_v also_o in_o most_o other_o writ_n of_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o low_a as_o our_o own_o time_n and_o that_o these_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o convocation_n but_o parliament_n 120._o appear_v in_o pryn_n parliament_n register_n plain_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o procuration_n make_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o chapter_n of_o bath_n to_o william_n swynham_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr merston_n appoint_v they_o to_o appear_v and_o act_n for_o they_o as_o their_o lawful_a procurator_n in_o the_o parliament_n summon_v ann._n dom._n 1299._o be_v the_o 27_o the_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a form_n from_o another_o letter_n of_o procuration_n of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o chapter_n ann._n dom._n 1295._o 231._o edward_n i._o to_o their_o procurator_n therein_o name_v to_o act_v for_o they_o in_o the_o convocation_n then_o summon_v at_o westminster_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v also_o observe_v in_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o convocation_n different_a from_o those_o whereby_o the_o same_o person_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o former_a be_v direct_v only_o to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n or_o their_o vicar_n general_n to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o any_o particular_a writ_n issue_v to_o any_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n or_o clergyman_n as_o in_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o there_o 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the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o summon_v as_o a_o part_n yet_o be_v certain_o no_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o general_a council_n since_o they_o be_v omit_v in_o so_o many_o of_o they_o
it_o be_v evident_a from_o this_o record_n mean_v that_o of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n abovemention_v who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o people_n intend_v by_o the_o historian_n in_o this_o place_n to_o wit_n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v not_o then_o commoners_z as_o well_o as_o now_o though_o reckon_v among_o the_o magnate_n and_o as_o a_o superior_a order_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n here_o call_v by_o a_o general_a word_n mercatores_fw-la who_o then_o give_v a_o 20_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n by_o themselves_o but_o that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n but_o the_o commons_o too_o in_o both_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n westminster_n be_v also_o as_o plain_a for_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n concern_v the_o reception_n of_o the_o legate_n be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o none_o but_o earl_n and_o great_a lord_n accompany_v they_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n or_o gentleman_n among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n primate_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lord_n or_o great_a nobility_n but_o the_o lesser_a also_o nay_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n as_o for_o the_o next_o authority_n concern_v the_o plebs_fw-la that_o grant_v the_o eigth_n penny_n it_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a that_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o term_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o dr_n own_o concession_n in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o little_a far_o which_o you_o may_v read_v 25._o in_o these_o word_n and_o that_o the_o agreement_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n 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westminster_n in_o some_o of_o the_o hall_n or_o great_a room_n and_o the_o commons_o may_v very_o well_o sit_v in_o the_o now_o court_n of_o request_n then_o call_v the_o alba_n aula_n or_o white_a hall_n where_o parliament_n have_v be_v frequent_o hold_v and_o from_o thence_o be_v send_v for_o by_o the_o king_n into_o the_o paint_a chamber_n or_o now_o house_n of_o lord_n where_o the_o king_n then_o sit_v and_o which_o may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o hall_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v be_v very_o well_o call_v camera_fw-la regis_fw-la for_o none_o can_v imagine_v his_o presence_n chamber_n or_o bedchamber_n can_v hold_v all_o that_o company_n and_o in_o that_o room_n the_o king_n may_v make_v that_o speech_n to_o they_o which_o this_o author_n mention_n and_o then_o upon_o his_o promise_a to_o renew_v the_o charter_n follow_v the_o grant_v of_o the_o eight_o peny_n ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la by_o the_o whole_a people_n immediate_o grant_v the_o say_a subsidy_n now_o the_o dr._n grant_v in_o this_o place_n that_o the_o incolae_fw-la here_o mean_v by_o the_o historian_n be_v the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o inhabitant_n as_o use_v to_o pay_v subsidy_n and_o aid_n only_o the_o plebs_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n now_o if_o the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v such_o we_o use_v to_o pay_v aid_n and_o subsidy_n who_o make_v this_o concession_n can_v any_o man_n doubt_v but_o that_o this_o grant_n be_v make_v by_o their_o representative_n of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v can_v you_o imagine_v that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o there_o present_v when_o this_o tax_n be_v give_v as_o well_o as_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v levy_v upon_o all_o alike_o nor_o be_v the_o dr_n objection_n of_o any_o weight_n that_o because_o the_o king_n not_o long_o after_o summon_v another_o parliament_n when_o he_o be_v beyond_o sea_n to_o meet_v his_o son_n prince_n edw._n at_o westminster_n that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o if_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v at_o the_o agreement_n and_o grant_v of_o the_o eight_o penny_n in_o the_o king_n chamber_n they_o will_v have_v be_v dismiss_v and_o call_v again_o about_o the_o same_o business_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n see_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v dispatch_v in_o six_o day_n when_o the_o parliamement_n â—et_a october_n the_o six_o for_o the_o dr._n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o imagine_v that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o business_n they_o meet_v about_o before_o when_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o summons_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o tax_n be_v give_v already_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o meet_v about_o that_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o king_n go_v away_o in_o haste_n into_o flanders_n without_o confirm_v the_o charter_n so_o that_o before_o the_o people_n will_v give_v any_o more_o money_n his_o son_n prince_n edward_n be_v force_v to_o confirm_v they_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o confess_v in_o the_o same_o place_n after_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v satisfy_v but_o as_o for_o the_o dr_n wondrous_a discovery_n of_o the_o false_a bad_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a french_a coronation_n oath_n i_o do_v so_o far_o indeed_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la aura_fw-fr elu_fw-fr be_v not_o to_o be_v translate_v which_o the_o commons_o or_o vulgar_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a community_n shall_v choose_v render_v here_o by_o the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la by_o the_o old_a monkish_a translator_n yet_o this_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o who_o ever_o know_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o superior_a clergy_n and_o nobility_n and_o so_o to_o exclude_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_n but_o mat._n westm._n tell_v we_o 10._o concessus_n esâ—_n viz._n to_o eâ—_n i_o novenarius_n denaâ—ius_n à _fw-la vulgo_fw-la à _fw-la clero_fw-la vero_fw-la denus_fw-la ad_fw-la scotorum_fw-la pâ—rtinaciam_fw-la reprimendam_fw-la who_o have_v then_o invade_v northumberland_n and_o harrass_v the_o other_o northern_a country_n 25._o now_o pray_v read_v the_o dr_n comment_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o his_o glossary_n here_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la when_o oppose_v to_o clerus_fw-la or_o join_v with_o it_o as_o a_o distinct_a body_n of_o man_n and_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o plebs_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o historian_n whether_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n alone_o or_o the_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o commons_o be_v understand_v by_o they_o that_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o worthy_a discovery_n of_o the_o dr_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v any_o body_n so_o mad_a as_o so_o to_o render_v it_o in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n but_o that_o this_o word_n vulgus_fw-la when_o put_v for_o the_o whole_a laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o ancient_a in_o that_o oath_n see_v the_o old_a coronation_n oath_n in_o toâ—tle's_n collection_n of_o old_a statute_n who_o transcribe_v it_o out_o of_o some_o ancient_a latin_a copy_n of_o that_o oath_n or_o else_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n of_o r._n richard_n ii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o record_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o speak_v these_o so_o long_o upon_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la plebs_fw-la and_o vulgus_fw-la since_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o those_o false_a gloss_n
to_o the_o pope_n 8._o but_o anno_fw-la 40_o edw._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n demand_v the_o arrear_n of_o this_o tribute_n from_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n duke_n count_z baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_v lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o dispute_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n of_o which_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o undoubted_o a_o part_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o to_o have_v assent_v to_o that_o king_n resignation_n to_o make_v it_o legal_a and_o valid_a as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n m._n as_o for_o this_o argument_n i_o need_v trouble_v myself_o no_o further_o than_o to_o give_v you_o the_o dr_n answer_v in_o his_o own_o word_n 70._o viz._n all_o that_o the_o resolution_n of_o this_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n prove_v be_v that_o king_n john_n can_v not_o subject_v himself_o his_o realm_n or_o people_n without_o their_o assent_n but_o prove_v not_o who_o they_o be_v that_o in_o such_o case_n at_o that_o time_n give_v or_o deny_v their_o assent_n or_o how_o they_o do_v it_o or_o whether_o 153_o year_n before_o this_o resolution_n the_o commons_o be_v represent_v by_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgesâ—es_v as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n give_v their_o answer_n first_o that_o such_o a_o subjection_n can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n and_o then_o the_o commons_o be_v ask_v what_o their_o thought_n be_v and_o they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o same_o word_n the_o baron_n have_v do_v and_o when_o they_o answer_v altogether_o they_o do_v it_o in_o the_o same_o form_n of_o speech_n conceive_v first_o by_o the_o baron_n without_o any_o consideration_n whether_o the_o commons_o be_v the_o same_o body_n of_o man_n at_o the_o time_n of_o execute_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n johns_n subjection_n etc._n etc._n as_o at_o that_o present_a or_o no._n f._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n of_o the_o drs._n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o heed_n to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o answer_v to_o the_o pope_n give_v in_o so_o solemn_a a_o manner_n as_o this_o be_v there_o be_v no_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o thing_n they_o can_v say_v if_o they_o be_v 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since_o they_o be_v none_o of_o the_o party_n to_o the_o agreement_n nor_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n at_o that_o time_n when_o king_n john_n resign_v his_o crown_n and_o make_v himself_o and_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o his_o holiness_n predecessor_n nor_o be_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o 40th_o of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o so_o far_o beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n as_o that_o so_o memorable_a a_o transaction_n can_v not_o be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o then_o in_o be_v since_o the_o make_v they_o a_o 3d_o estate_n fall_v out_o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o all_o their_o grandfather_n at_o far_a so_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a that_o the_o memory_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o transaction_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a world_n than_o ring_v shall_v be_v lose_v in_o two_o or_o three_o generation_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o 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so_o as_o hit_v have_v ever_o be_v their_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n that_o there_o shall_v no_o statute_n no_o law_n be_v make_v of_o less_o than_o they_o yaf_v thereto_o their_o assent_n consider_v that_o the_o comune_a of_o your_o lond_n the_o which_o that_o be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o member_n of_o your_o parliament_n be_v as_o well_o aslentir_v as_o petitioner_n that_o fro_o this_o time_n forward_o by_o compleint_a of_o the_o comune_a of_o eny_z mischief_n ask_v remedy_n by_o mouth_n of_o their_o speaker_n for_o the_o commons_o other_z else_o by_o petition_n write_v that_o there_o never_o be_v no_o law_n make_v thereupon_o and_o ingress_v as_o statute_n and_o law_n neither_o by_o addition_n neither_o by_o diâ—â—inutions_n by_o no_o manner_n of_o term_n â—e_v term_n the_o which_o that_o shall_v change_v the_o sentence_n and_o the_o intent_n ask_v by_o the_o speaker_n mouth_n or_o the_o petition_n by_o foresay_a â—even_a up_o in_o 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o foresay_a without_o assent_n 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the_o drs._n answer_v to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n 86._o the_o design_n of_o this_o petition_n be_v not_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o existence_n but_o their_o right_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v enact_v without_o their_o assent_n contrary_a to_o their_o intent_n and_o like_n and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v never_o do_v since_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n or_o as_o they_o say_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o prove_v that_o which_o no_o body_n deny_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o and_o be_v now_o require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o all_o statute_n and_o law_n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o with_o the_o dr_n
that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o creation_n to_o have_v be_v good_a before_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o but_o not_o since_o though_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o shall_v give_v the_o sheriff_n such_o power_n of_o make_v new_a burrough_n after_o this_o statute_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 6_o as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o gatton_n and_o those_o other_o burrough_n he_o there_o mention_n with_o it_o and_o yet_o deny_v this_o king_n the_o like_a prerogative_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o as_o i_o will_v not_o say_v there_o be_v none_o so_o be_v there_o but_o very_o few_o example_n of_o charter_n that_o confer_v upon_o any_o city_n or_o burrough_n a_o power_n to_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n who_o have_v it_o not_o before_o by_o prescription_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o privilege_n may_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o charter_n and_o so_o put_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n to_o elect_a for_o the_o future_a when_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v and_o of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o manner_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o old_a time_n in_o the_o french_a do_v anciente_a from_o which_o statute_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v as_o suppose_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v a_o like_v right_o to_o have_v summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o temporal_a here_o mention_v second_o that_o by_o these_o word_n have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n or_o do_v anciente_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v a_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o if_o the_o bishop_n abbott_n and_o temporal_a lord_n be_v here_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n so_o have_v the_o commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â—_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiâ—â—i_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâ—ition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la câ—jus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâ—it_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâ—stra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o 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this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o 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no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o 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be_v give_v to_o monâ—gomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâ—itain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâ—ton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o â—lan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o give_v to_o the_o norman_n who_o take_v their_o title_n from_o king_n william_n conquer_a sword_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o this_o king_n have_v distribute_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o norman_n long_o before_o the_o survey_n be_v begin_v and_o by_o that_o infallible_a record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o give_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o follower_n and_o very_o little_a or_o none_o to_o the_o english_a who_o hold_v that_o they_o have_v his_o new_a title_n and_o new_a service_n from_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o great_a lord_n or_o become_v tenant_n to_o or_o drudge_n upon_o their_o own_o land_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o from_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n here_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v any_o unbiased_a person_n that_o thâ—_n conqueror_n do_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o sword_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o apparent_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o be_v a_o high_a piece_n of_o impudence_n to_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o what_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o be_o a_o fair_a adversary_n i_o will_v at_o present_a suppose_n that_o k._n william_n take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n from_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n who_o help_v he_o in_o his_o conquest_n but_o these_o be_v not_o only_o the_o norman_n his_o subject_n but_o french_a fleming_n anjovins_n britain_n poictovins_n and_o people_n of_o other_o â—_z who_o make_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o come_v in_o with_o he_o under_o great_a and_o 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thing_n be_v consider_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o judge_n and_o clerk_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n entrust_v with_o the_o draw_v up_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o french_a than_o latin_a tongue_n choose_v rather_o to_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o when_o our_o statute_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o enroll_v in_o english_a m_o i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o great_a light_n in_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v before_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n with_o those_o clog_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n be_v all_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a customer_n of_o normandy_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o these_o be_v now_o take_v away_o 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the_o abbot_n of_o abbindon_n many_o manor_n and_o land_n and_o reserve_v quod_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la duodecim_fw-la virorum_fw-la cum_fw-la tantis_fw-la scutis_fw-la exerceant_fw-la antiqâ—os_fw-la pontes_fw-la &_o arces_fw-la renovent_fw-la and_o also_o he_o mention_n a_o like_a charter_n of_o k._n ethelred_n to_o a_o knight_n call_v athelâ—eâ—_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 995_o so_o that_o you_o see_v not_o only_o spiritual_a person_n and_o great_a thanes_z or_o baron_n but_o also_o knight_n hold_v land_n by_o the_o service_n of_o so_o many_o man_n before_o your_o conqueror_n and_o your_o dr._n also_o himself_o allow_v it_o for_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n in_o all_o ancient_a charter_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n he_o translate_v the_o word_n fidelâ—s_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o military_a fee_n be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o also_o that_o the_o feudal_a law_n do_v obtain_v here_o in_o many_o thing_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n opinion_n who_o in_o his_o gossary_a tit._n feudal_n law_n tell_v we_o the_o feudal_n law_n obtain_v to_o most_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o normandy_n be_v in_o its_o full_a vigour_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n over_o of_o the_o conqueror_n 3._o but_o afterward_o grow_v more_o mild_a and_o qualify_v as_o also_o the_o tenure_n itself_o a_o perfect_a description_n of_o which_o with_o all_o its_o incident_n of_o homage_n relief_n ward_n marriage_n escuage_z aid_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a customer_n cap._n 29.33_o 34_o 35._o and_o although_o there_o be_v military_a fief_n or_o fee_n here_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n yet_o not_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o after_o the_o conquest_n establish_v here_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n in_o normandy_n when_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o doomesday-book_n in_o every_o county_n he_o divide_v most_o if_o not_o 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each_o man_n pepzylo_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o set_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n athâ—lstan_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o divers_a lesser_a thing_n which_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o offensive_a weapon_n forbid_v they_o to_o hunt_n or_o kill_v any_o deer_n in_o his_o chase_n or_o forest_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n as_o also_o keep_v up_o and_o reinforcing_a the_o ancient_a law_n of_o decenaries_n or_o tything_n whereby_o every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v with_o their_o ten_o man_n or_o tthe_a man_n body_n for_o body_n of_o each_o other_o good_a abearance_n as_o also_o that_o law_n forbid_v all_o sit_v up_o late_o at_o night_n or_o assembly_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o bed_n and_o put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n at_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o coverteâ—_n 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time_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o place_n of_o this_o last_o not_o any_o norman_a but_o one_o walcher_n a_o english_a man_n be_v name_v by_o the_o k._n to_o succeed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o and_o oppose_v his_o come_n in_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o he_o receive_v they_o into_o savour_n and_o continue_v in_o his_o dignity_n and_o estate_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o earl_n eadwin_n and_o morchar_n brother_n together_o with_o waltheof_n and_o siward_n and_o edgar_z aâ—â—eling_n who_o they_o have_v name_v k._n of_o england_n all_o who_o keep_v their_o earldom_n and_o estate_n till_o terrify_v by_o the_o king_n severe_a and_o tyrannical_a proceed_n the_o three_o first_o of_o these_o â—led_v away_o as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v though_o i_o confess_v prince_n edgar_n have_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o this_o flee_v into_o scotland_n but_o yet_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o estate_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o king_n manner_n of_o dispose_n of_o his_o honour_n or_o preferment_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a till_o earl_n waltheo_n be_v convict_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plot_n with_o ralph_n de_fw-fr waher_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o other_o lord_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o expel_v k._n william_n and_o from_o that_o time_n be_v the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o grant_v he_o change_v his_o whole_a course_n of_o government_n and_o put_v no_o more_o englishman_n into_o any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o profit_n though_o w._n malmesbury_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o king_n severity_n in_o these_o word_n ind_n prâ—positum_fw-la regis_fw-la fortassis_fw-la meritò_fw-la excusatur_fw-la siâ—aliquando_fw-la durior_fw-la in_o anglos_n â—uâ—rit_n quod_fw-la penâ—_n nullum_fw-la eorum_fw-la fidelem_fw-la invenerit_fw-la though_o with_o this_o author_n good_a leave_n the_o k._n have_v be_v the_o 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as_o a_o wilful_a forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n and_o it_o be_v from_o this_o first_o go_v away_o that_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o convention_n date_n his_o abdication_n since_o though_o it_o be_v true_a after_o his_o return_n to_o london_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o order_n in_o council_n to_o stop_v the_o further_o pull_v down_o and_o plunder_v popish_a chapel_n and_o papist_n house_n yet_o be_v it_o sign_v by_o very_a few_o of_o the_o council_n and_o almost_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o some_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n so_o that_o though_o he_o be_v then_o own_a by_o they_o yet_o since_o that_o order_n do_v only_o serve_v to_o show_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o popish_a party_n and_o be_v never_o obey_v or_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o that_o neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o london_n own_v he_o afterward_o since_o it_o have_v already_o deliver_v itself_o up_o to_o 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statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v 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they_o f._n since_o i_o see_v not_o only_o your_o opinion_n but_o also_o that_o of_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o penal_a law_n have_v be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o found_v upon_o that_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o king_n henry_n vii_o i_o be_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v the_o validity_n of_o that_o judgement_n for_o if_o that_o can_v be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o elâ—e_v never_o give_v at_o all_o i_o suppose_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o other_o who_o have_v found_v their_o opinion_n upon_o this_o adjudge_v cause_n of_o hen._n the_o vii_o be_v mistake_v now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o argue_v a_o little_a with_o you_o in_o point_n of_o reason_n 43._o if_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v good_a when_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n a_o nonobstante_a be_v declare_v void_a what_o do_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o 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regem_fw-la which_o word_n be_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n show_v he_o be_v not_o then_o but_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n now_o if_o his_o hereditary_a right_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v it_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o word_n aforego_v so_o that_o though_o this_o right_n give_v he_o the_o fair_a pretence_n to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o both_o the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o till_o after_o the_o due_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n so_o that_o after_o all_o your_o question_n what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o a_o hereditary_a right_o be_v so_o own_a and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n will_v receive_v a_o very_a easy_a answer_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o out_o of_o any_o dictionary_n that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o â—eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâ—m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n 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crown_n yet_o the_o pretend_a hereditary_a right_n of_o blood_n be_v the_o main_a ground_n of_o his_o establishment_n but_o as_o for_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o though_o he_o can_v claim_v the_o crown_n by_o no_o true_a right_n of_o inheritance_n yet_o will_v he_o never_o own_v it_o to_o be_v a_o election_n by_o parliament_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n richard_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o bosworth_n the_o lord_n stanley_n put_v his_o crown_n upon_o henry_n head_n who_o immediate_o still_v himself_o king_n seven_o as_o well_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n as_o by_o be_v sole_a heir_n male_a of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n he_o as_o such_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o though_o he_o afterward_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o he_o procure_v his_o title_n to_o be_v recognise_v 7._o yet_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v he_o be_v afraid_a to_o take_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o only_a true_a title_n in_o right_a of_o the_o lady_n elizabeth_n his_o queen_n for_o fear_v he_o shall_v only_o be_v king_n by_o courtesy_n and_o must_v upon_o the_o queen_n death_n have_v resign_v it_o again_o and_o shall_v he_o take_v it_o by_o election_n he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n between_o a_o king_n that_o hold_v his_o crown_n by_o a_o civil_a act_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o one_o mind_n that_o that_o hold_v it_o original_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o descent_n of_o blood_n and_o therefore_o upon_o these_o consideration_n he_o resolve_v to_o rest_v upon_o the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n as_o his_o main_a right_n and_o thereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o pass_v wherein_o his_o title_n be_v acknowledge_v as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n there_o tell_v we_o not_o by_o way_n of_o declaration_n or_o recognition_n of_o right_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o avoid_v to_o have_v it_o by_o a_o new_a law_n of_o ordinance_n but_o choose_v rather_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o middle_a way_n by_o way_n of_o establishment_n and_o that_o under_o covert_n and_o indifferent_a word_n that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n may_v be_v equal_o apply_v that_o the_o crown_n shall_v continue_v to_o he_o but_o whether_o as_o have_v former_a right_n to_o it_o which_o be_v doubtful_a or_o have_v it_o then_o in_o fact_n or_o possession_n which_o no_o man_n deny_v be_v leave_v fair_a to_o interpretation_n either_o way_n i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o justify_v all_o his_o action_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o he_o chief_o insist_v upon_o his_o right_n of_o inheritance_n and_o absolute_o disow_v any_o title_n by_o election_n from_o the_o people_n f._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n richard_n the_o iii_o d_n depose_v his_o nephew_n and_o usurp_a the_o crown_n to_o have_v be_v very_o wicked_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n of_o england_n concern_v the_o succession_n at_o that_o time_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o bastardize_n his_o brother_n the_o late_a king_n issue_n without_o due_a course_n of_o law_n and_o by_o attaint_v the_o blood_n of_o his_o other_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n he_o will_v have_v make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_a heir_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n yet_o you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o for_o all_o this_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o title_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a his_o right_n by_o blood_n be_v declare_v in_o the_o first_o place_n in_o that_o act_n of_o recognition_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o will_v not_o rely_v upon_o that_o alone_a and_o therefore_o you_o see_v the_o parliament_n there_o also_o insist_o upon_o his_o right_n by_o election_n and_o coronation_n which_o they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o for_o good_a law_n that_o whoever_o be_v crown_v king_n 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fundamental_a constitution_n for_o its_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n do_v not_o prove_v it_o and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o we_o must_v pay_v our_o allegiance_n to_o he_o who_o be_v actual_o king_n not_o to_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v king_n but_o be_v not_o and_o to_o think_v to_o confute_v this_o by_o pretend_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v to_o take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o fright_v at_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n which_o you_o suppose_v must_v follow_v if_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o shall_v be_v law_n viz._n that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o rebel_n and_o usurper_n who_o can_v get_v himself_o crown_v and_o then_o own_a to_o be_v king_n by_o a_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o calling_n to_o have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n and_o that_o cromwell_n if_o he_o can_v have_v get_v himself_o once_o crown_v and_o recognise_v may_v have_v be_v defend_v in_o his_o unjust_a usurpation_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o admit_v this_o to_o have_v be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o at_o this_o coronation_n he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n ancient_o take_v by_o our_o king_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v summon_v to_o recognize_v his_o title_n have_v consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a lord_n and_o commons_o consist_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n which_o never_o be_v observe_v in_o any_o of_o those_o mock-parliament_n which_o cromwell_n call_v have_v all_o these_o condition_n be_v observe_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v be_v as_o legal_a a_o king_n within_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o as_o he_o himself_o ever_o be_v before_o he_o marry_v with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v not_o till_o near_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o he_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o upon_o every_o translation_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o one_o family_n to_o another_o the_o first_o prince_n of_o that_o family_n can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o yet_o we_o find_v such_o prince_n to_o this_o day_n take_v for_o lawful_a king_n thus_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o be_v each_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n according_a to_o our_o constitution_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o lineal_a descent_n and_o though_o you_o may_v say_v that_o as_o to_o william_n i._o he_o have_v a_o good_a right_n by_o conquest_n that_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o he_o can_v be_v real_o no_o conqueror_n and_o if_o the_o english_a saxon_a monarchy_n be_v hereditary_a before_o the_o conquest_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n suppose_v he_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o usurper_n upon_o edgar_n athling_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o blood_n and_o as_o for_o henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o henry_n the_o viith_o though_o they_o both_o pretend_v a_o feign_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o heir_n by_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a act_n of_o recognition_n i_o have_v cite_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o that_o title_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n mention_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o subsequent_a act_n whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v upon_o himself_o and_o his_o four_o son_n successive_o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v only_o draw_v in_o general_a term_n declare_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o person_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o indeed_o any_o breach_n make_v upon_o this_o statute_n as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o yet_o upon_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n which_o you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o since_o the_o crown_n be_v certain_o settle_v upon_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o only_o lineal_o descend_v from_o they_o but_o who_o be_v also_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o right_a heir_n unto_o they_o since_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n have_v declare_v they_o to_o be_v so_o but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o speech_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n must_v needs_o be_v void_a because_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n this_o also_o depend_v upon_o your_o former_a error_n in_o suppose_v that_o prince_n have_v a_o divine_a or_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o crown_n antecedent_n to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n which_o be_v already_o sufficient_o confute_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o alter_v the_o natural_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_v just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o civil_a right_n of_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o subject_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v for_o according_a to_o those_o natural_a law_n since_o all_o civil_a property_n as_o well_o in_o crown_n as_o other_o possession_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o each_o kingdom_n and_o
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
fifty_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n establish_v doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n because_o these_o canon_n be_v not_o confirm_v but_o condemn_v by_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o never_a legal_o establish_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o public_a saction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n our_o old_a queen_n elix_fw-la divine_v 280._o such_o as_o bishop_n bilson_n and_o mr._n hooker_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o these_o doctrine_n nay_o teach_v in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o write_n the_o quite_o contrary_a noâ—_n be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n ever_o general_o maintain_v until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n iame_n reign_n when_o some_o court_n bishop_n and_o divine_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a discovery_n in_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o divinity_n and_o do_v by_o their_o preach_a and_o write_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o man_n estate_n 11._o so_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o disobey_v or_o resist_v his_o personal_a commandâ—_n if_o they_o be_v not_o direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o dr._n harslet_o then_o bishop_n of_o chichester_n his_o sermon_n upon_o this_o text_n give_v unto_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n wherein_o he_o maintain_v that_o all_o the_o subject_n good_n and_o money_n be_v caesar_n that_o be_v the_o king_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v he_o if_o he_o demand_v they_o for_o the_o public_a use_n which_o sermon_n tho'_o order_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o hangman_n yet_o be_v so_o grateful_a to_o the_o court_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v out_o of_o favour_n for_o it_o that_o he_o be_v not_o long_o after_o translate_v to_o norwich_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o york_n so_o likewise_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o dr._n manwaring_n preach_v before_o he_o the_o substance_n of_o who_o sermon_n be_v somewhat_o high_o than_o the_o former_a 609._o viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n not_o to_o impose_v tax_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v so_o impose_v the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o pay_v they_o which_o if_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o disloyalty_n and_o rebelion_n for_o which_o sermon_n he_o be_v impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 4._o car._n i_o and_o thereupon_o sentence_v by_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n to_o be_v disable_v to_o hold_v or_o receve_v any_o ecclesiastical_a live_n or_o secular_a office_n whatever_o and_o also_o to_o be_v imprison_v and_o fine_v a_o thousand_o pound_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o we_o find_v he_o present_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v not_o only_o at_o liberty_n 635._o but_o also_o present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o rich_a benefice_n in_o essex_n and_o not_o long_o after_o make_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n so_o likewise_o one_o dr._n sibthorp_n about_o the_o same_o time_n preach_v a_o assize_n sermon_n at_o northamtâ—n_n on_o rom._n 13.7_o wherein_o he_o maintain_v much_o the_o like_a doctrine_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o that_o nothing_o can_v excuse_v from_o a_o active_a obedience_n to_o his_o command_n but_o what_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o king_n have_v power_n to_o lay_v pole_n money_n upon_o their_o subject_a head_n but_o this_o much_o i_o have_v read_v that_o this_o sermon_n be_v license_v by_o dr._n laud_n then_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n 434._o because_o archbishop_n abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v it_o as_o contrary_a to_o law_n for_o which_o he_o be_v very_o much_o frwon_v upon_o at_o court_n and_o 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it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o 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without_o their_o consent_n 1.3_o and_o therefore_o samuel_n appeal_v to_o they_o how_o little_o he_o have_v oppress_v they_o who_o ox_n or_o who_o ass_n have_v i_o take_v who_o have_v i_o defraud_v who_o have_v i_o oppress_v neither_o can_v they_o nor_o the_o judge_n their_o successor_n make_v any_o new_a law_n for_o the_o people_n god_n himself_o be_v their_o king_n and_o legislator_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o urge_v as_o to_o the_o regal_a power_n of_o moses_n and_o joshua_n after_o the_o sanhedrin_n have_v be_v constitute_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v head_n or_o captain_n of_o the_o people_n to_o lead_v they_o out_o to_o war_n and_o bring_v they_o back_o again_o which_o be_v express_v by_o go_v in_o and_o out_o before_o they_o and_o their_o obedience_n to_o their_o military_a order_n as_o also_o to_o such_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v express_o command_v be_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n all_o that_o thou_o command_v we_o we_o will_v do_v and_o whithersoever_o thou_o send_v we_o we_o will_v go_v yet_o still_o this_o be_v with_o respect_n to_o their_o obtain_v the_o land_n of_o canaan_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o moses_n or_o joshua_n shall_v have_v go_v about_o of_o their_o own_o head_n to_o have_v lead_v they_o again_o into_o egypt_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o say_v the_o israelite_n be_v bind_v either_o to_o have_v follow_v they_o or_o submit_v to_o they_o but_o rather_o may_v have_v resist_v they_o in_o such_o case_n and_o therefore_o josephus_n his_o speech_n which_o he_o make_v moses_n to_o deliver_v be_v not_o so_o ridiculous_a as_o you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v it_o for_o the_o law_n here_o mention_v by_o he_o and_o here_o set_v in_o opposition_n to_o monarchy_n be_v not_o such_o law_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o greek_a commonwealth_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o the_o law_n give_v from_o god_n by_o his_o hand_n and_o these_o he_o may_v well_o think_v be_v sufficient_a with_o such_o power_n as_o he_o and_o joshua_n enjoy_v without_o have_v any_o recourse_n to_o a_o human_a monarchical_a government_n since_o god_n himself_o be_v their_o king_n and_o as_o for_o the_o judge_n that_o succeed_v they_o they_o have_v much_o less_o power_n than_o either_o moses_n or_o joshua_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o story_n of_o deborah_n and_o barak_n judge_n the_o four_o who_o be_v the_o prince_n or_o general_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o zebulun_n and_o naphtali_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o force_v the_o people_n to_o go_v out_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o canaanite_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no._n and_o therefore_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o song_n of_o victory_n which_o they_o sing_v that_o many_o of_o the_o tribe_n come_v not_o in_o to_o their_o assistance_n therefore_o it_o be_v there_o say_v that_o for_o the_o division_n of_o reuben_n there_o be_v great_a thought_n of_o heart_n therefore_o they_o ask_v why_o abide_v thou_o among_o the_o sheepfold_n etc._n etc._n and_o present_o after_o it_o be_v say_v gilead_n abode_n beyond_o jordan_n and_o why_o do_v dan_n remain_v in_o the_o ship_n asher_n continue_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o abode_n in_o his_o breach_n and_o so_o they_o conclude_v with_o curse_n you_o meroz_n curse_v you_o bitter_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o because_o they_o come_v not_o to_o the_o help_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o the_o mighty_a so_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o be_v the_o want_n of_o this_o power_n in_o the_o judge_n of_o make_v law_n of_o impose_v tribute_n or_o tax_n and_o of_o force_v man_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n against_o their_o enemy_n which_o they_o do_v before_o only_o as_o volunteer_n that_o make_v the_o israelite_n the_o more_o desirous_a to_o have_v a_o king_n over_o they_o like_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v endue_v with_o these_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o the_o best_a commentator_n do_v interpret_v the_o prediction_n of_o samuel_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n 12._o that_o shall_v reign_v over_o they_o and_o will_v take_v their_o son_n for_o his_o chariot_n and_o his_o horse_n man_n and_o to_o be_v captain_n over_o thousand_o etc._n etc._n to_o relate_v to_o his_o royal_a power_n of_o enrol_v and_o make_v they_o serve_v in_o his_o army_n either_o as_o officer_n or_o soldier_n and_o the_o take_n of_o their_o field_n and_o their_o vineyard_n and_o the_o ten_o of_o their_o seed_n etc._n etc._n to_o give_v his_o officer_n and_o servant_n to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o his_o power_n of_o impose_v public_a tribute_n and_o imposition_n on_o the_o people_n to_o maintain_v his_o royal_a splendour_n &_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n as_o other_o neighbouring-king_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v all_o which_o they_o not_o be_v use_v to_o before_o they_o shall_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o they_o as_o a_o great_a oppression_n and_o that_o saul_n when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v king_n use_v this_o prerogative_n of_o force_v the_o people_n to_o come_v and_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n in_o a_o high_a manner_n than_o samuel_n or_o the_o judge_n have_v do_v before_o appear_v by_o the_o 11_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n when_o nahash_n the_o ammonite_n come_v to_o make_v war_n against_o jabesh_n saul_n take_v a_o yoke_n of_o ox_n and_o hew_v they_o in_o piece_n and_o send_v they_o throughout_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o israel_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o messenger_n say_v whosoever_o come_v not_o forth_o after_o saul_n and_o after_o samuel_n so_o shall_v it_o be_v do_v unto_o his_o ox_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n fall_v on_o the_o people_n and_o they_o come_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n and_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o power_n which_o samuel_n have_v before_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n desire_v a_o king_n be_v not_o monarchical_a but_o mix_v of_o aristocracy_n and_o monarchy_n together_o in_o which_o samuel_n as_o judge_n have_v a_o judicial_a authority_n and_o likewise_o a_o supreme_a military_a power_n of_o lead_v they_o out_o to_o war_n against_o the_o philistine_n and_o other_o enemy_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n remain_v whole_o in_o the_o principal_a head_n or_o father_n of_o the_o tribe_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n or_o enjoy_v it_o by_o right_o of_o inheritance_n i_o confess_v the_o scripture_n be_v silent_a and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o your_o notion_n that_o the_o government_n of_o these_o people_n when_o they_o have_v no_o judge_n consist_v of_o twelve_o petty_a monarchy_n under_o the_o head_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n for_o there_o be_v no_o authority_n in_o scripture_n to_o countenance_v any_o such_o opinion_n the_o place_n you_o bring_v for_o it_o out_o of_o the_o one_a and_o seven_o of_o number_n not_o at_o all_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v twelve_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n who_o name_n be_v there_o set_v down_o and_o who_o be_v call_v head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o where_o say_v that_o these_o be_v endue_v with_o civil_a power_n or_o be_v chief_a ruler_n over_o the_o tribe_n for_o it_o be_v apparent_a all_o civil_a power_n remain_v then_o in_o moses_n and_o the_o sanhedrim_n who_o under_o he_o decide_v all_o controversy_n so_o that_o it_o be_v most_o natural_a to_o suppose_v that_o these_o head_n of_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o civil_a magistrate_n but_o the_o military_a leader_n or_o captain_n of_o each_o tribe_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n and_o be_v the_o same_o who_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v call_v the_o renown_a of_o the_o congregation_n etc._n etc._n and_o head_n of_o the_o thousand_o of_o israel_n nor_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o because_o there_o be_v such_o officer_n in_o moses_n his_o time_n that_o they_o must_v continue_v the_o same_o after_o under_o the_o judge_n so_o many_o slavery_n and_o oppression_n that_o this_o people_n have_v undergo_v or_o that_o if_o they_o do_v still_o continue_v that_o their_o power_n be_v monarchical_a or_o that_o they_o can_v do_v any_o thing_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o head_n or_o father_n of_o family_n of_o each_o tribe_n in_o who_o i_o suppose_v the_o supreme_a authority_n be_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o the_o nine_o of_o judge_n that_o the_o man_n of_o shechem_n and_o all_o the_o house_n of_o millo_n make_v abimelech_n king_n that_o be_v not_o over_o all_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n but_o over_o ephraim_n and_o half_a manasses_n only_o which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o israel_n in_o this_o chapter_n where_o it_o be_v say_v v._n 18._o by_o jotham_n the_o son_n of_o
usurp_v by_o any_o other_o so_o that_o any_o other_o man_n can_v become_v my_o father_n or_o i_o owe_v he_o that_o filial_a duty_n and_o respect_n as_o to_o he_o that_o beget_v i_o and_o bring_v i_o up_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o god_n may_v confer_v a_o regal_a power_n on_o who_o he_o please_v either_o by_o his_o express_a will_n or_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o his_o providence_n yet_o when_o such_o a_o person_n who_o be_v not_o a_o king_n before_o do_v become_v so_o i_o utter_o deny_v that_o the_o power_n he_o have_v then_o confer_v upon_o he_o be_v a_o paternal_a power_n in_o relation_n to_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o your_o own_o instance_n of_o saul_n become_v a_o king_n over_o his_o father_n kish_n for_o though_o you_o say_v that_o god_n then_o confer_v a_o fatherly_a power_n on_o saul_n over_o his_o own_o father_n this_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o then_o saul_n will_v have_v be_v immediate_o discharge_v from_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o piety_n and_o gratitude_n which_o he_o owe_v his_o father_n and_o they_o be_v all_o transfer_v from_o kish_n to_o saul_n so_o that_o after_o he_o become_v king_n he_o may_v have_v treat_v his_o father_n with_o no_o more_o respect_n or_o deference_n than_o any_o other_o subject_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o god_n commandment_n that_o bid_v all_o man_n honour_v their_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o king_n can_v be_v except_v out_o of_o this_o precept_n so_o that_o your_o mistake_n arise_v from_o this_o preposterous_a confound_v of_o paternal_a authority_n with_o regal_a power_n and_o because_o adam_n noah_n or_o any_o other_o father_n of_o a_o separate_a family_n may_v be_v a_o prince_n over_o it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n that_o therefore_o every_o monarch_n in_o the_o world_n be_v also_o endue_v with_o this_o paternal_a power_n which_o that_o they_o be_v distinct_a may_n far_o appear_v from_o your_o own_o suppose_a monarchical_a power_n of_o adam_n who_o thou_o grant_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o posterity_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o discharge_v any_o of_o his_o descendant_n from_o their_o duty_n and_o obedience_n to_o their_o own_o father_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v you_o talk_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n of_o a_o fatherly_a power_n to_o be_v exercise_v in_o subordination_n to_o the_o supreme_a fatherly_a power_n of_o adam_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o filial_a honour_n and_o obedience_n be_v due_a by_o the_o commandment_n only_o to_o a_o man_n be_v own_o natural_a father_n can_v never_o be_v due_a to_o two_o different_a person_n at_o once_o since_o they_o may_v command_v contradictory_n thing_n and_o then_o the_o commandment_n of_o honour_n that_o be_v obey_v thy_o father_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o respect_n of_o both_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o grant_v adam_n or_o noah_n to_o have_v exercise_v a_o monarchical_a power_n over_o their_o child_n and_o descendant_n it_o can_v not_o be_v as_o they_o be_v father_n or_o grandfather_n when_o their_o son_n or_o grandchild_n be_v separate_v from_o they_o and_o be_v head_n of_o family_n of_o their_o own_o for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v prince_n in_o their_o own_o family_n whilst_o their_o son_n or_o grandchild_n continue_v part_n of_o they_o it_o be_v only_o as_o head_n or_o master_n of_o their_o own_o family_n but_o not_o by_o any_o such_o patriarchal_a or_o paternal_a authority_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o as_o for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n it_o be_v all_o build_v upon_o this_o false_a foundation_n that_o all_o power_n on_o earth_n be_v derive_v or_o usurp_v from_o the_o fatherly_a power_n i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o for_o if_o that_o be_v false_a all_o that_o you_o argue_v from_o thence_o concern_v the_o subordination_n of_o all_o other_o power_n to_o this_o will_v signify_v nothing_o m._n i_o think_v i_o can_v yet_o make_v out_o my_o hypothesis_n notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v against_o it_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o paternal_a relation_n itself_o can_v never_o be_v usurp_v or_o transfer_v yet_o you_o may_v remember_v i_o at_o first_o affirm_v p._n that_o adam_n be_v not_o only_o a_o father_n but_o a_o king_n and_o lord_n over_o his_o family_n and_o a_o son_n a_o subject_a a_o servant_n or_o a_o slave_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o first_o and_o the_o father_n have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o self_z or_o alien_a his_o child_n to_o any_o other_o whence_o we_o find_v the_o sale_n and_o gift_n of_o child_n to_o have_v be_v much_o in_o use_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n when_o man_n have_v their_o servant_n for_o a_o possession_n and_o a_o inheritance_n as_o well_o as_o other_o good_n whereupon_o we_o find_v the_o power_n of_o castrate_v or_o make_v eunuch_n much_o in_o use_n in_o old_a time_n and_o as_o the_o power_n of_o the_o father_n may_v be_v lawful_o transfer_v or_o alien_v so_o it_o may_v be_v unjust_o usurp_v and_o though_o i_o confess_v no_o father_n or_o master_n of_o a_o family_n aught_o to_o use_v his_o child_n thus_o cruel_o and_o severe_o and_o that_o he_o sin_v mortal_o if_o he_o do_v so_o yet_o neither_o they_o nor_o any_o power_n under_o heaven_n can_v call_v such_o a_o independent_a father_n or_o monarch_n to_o a_o account_n or_o punish_v he_o for_o so_o do_v f._n i_o be_o glad_a at_o last_o we_o be_v come_v to_o a_o issue_n of_o this_o doughty_a controversy_n and_o though_o i_o force_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n to_o confess_v that_o fatherly_a power_n be_v not_o despotical_a nor_o that_o father_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o be_v absolute_a lord_n over_o their_o child_n and_o all_o their_o descendant_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n yet_o now_o i_o see_v to_o preserve_v your_o hypothesis_n you_o be_v fain_o to_o recur_v to_o this_o despotical_a power_n of_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n because_o without_o suppose_v it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v or_o usurp_v prince_n at_o this_o day_n who_o without_o any_o cause_n you_o suppose_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o this_o paternal_a despotic_a power_n can_v never_o claim_v any_o title_n to_o their_o subject_n allegiance_n and_o then_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o your_o and_o sr._n r_o f_n excellent_a discovery_n for_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v prince_n be_v no_o long_o relate_v in_o blood_n to_o their_o subject_n any_o near_a than_o as_o we_o all_o proceed_v from_o adam_n our_o common_a ancestor_n that_o relation_n be_v now_o so_o remote_a signify_v little_a or_o nothing_o so_o that_o the_o true_a paternal_a authority_n be_v lose_v as_o you_o confess_v the_o despotic_a power_n of_o a_o lord_n over_o his_o servant_n or_o his_o slave_n only_o remain_v since_o therefore_o you_o make_v no_o difference_n in_o nature_n between_o subject_n and_o slave_n than_o all_o subject_n lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o king_n to_o be_v treat_v in_o all_o thing_n like_o slave_n when_o ever_o they_o please_v and_o they_o may_v exercise_v a_o absolute_a despotic_a power_n over_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o sell_v their_o subject_n or_o castrate_v they_o as_o the_o king_n of_o mingrâ—lia_n do_v his_o subject_n at_o this_o day_n and_o as_o the_o great_a turk_n and_o persian_a monarch_n do_v use_v those_o christian_a child_n who_o they_o take_v away_o from_o their_o parent_n to_o make_v eunuch_n for_o their_o seaglio_n and_o then_o i_o think_v you_o have_v bring_v mankind_n to_o a_o very_a fine_a pass_n to_o be_v all_o create_v for_o the_o will_n and_o lust_n of_o so_o many_o single_a man_n which_o if_o it_o ever_o can_v be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v m._n i_o be_v prepare_v for_o this_o objection_n before_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o will_v make_v nothing_o against_o this_o absolute_a power_n with_o which_o i_o suppose_v god_n to_o have_v endue_v adam_n and_o all_o other_o monarch_n at_o the_o first_o so_o that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o think_v that_o this_o doctrine_n will_v teach_v prince_n cruelty_n towards_o their_o subject_n that_o on_o the_o contrary_a nothing_o can_v better_v inculcate_v their_o duty_n towards_o they_o 3._o for_o as_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o a_o paternal_a monarchy_n so_o he_o be_v the_o author_n of_o no_o other_o he_o introduce_v all_o but_o the_o first_o man_n into_o the_o world_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o a_o supreme_a father_n and_o by_o so_o do_v have_v show_v that_o he_o never_o intend_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o other_o power_n in_o the_o world_n and_o whatever_o authority_n shall_v be_v
man_n may_v have_v proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o right_n or_o possession_n but_o from_o the_o assignment_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o estate_n which_o such_o particular_a man_n enjoy_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o the_o mere_a grace_n or_o favour_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n since_o most_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o in_o this_o conquest_n or_o expedition_n do_v it_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o volunteer_n and_o without_o who_o assistance_n he_o can_v never_o have_v conquer_a at_o all_o so_o that_o they_o have_v thereby_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o certain_a portion_n or_o share_v in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_a though_o for_o avoid_v dissension_n and_o quarrel_n among_o they_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o this_o new_a prince_n as_o a_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v to_o each_o person_n what_o share_n he_o shall_v have_v but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n before_o free_a and_o possess_v of_o hereditary_a estate_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n voluntary_o or_o by_o election_n those_o estate_n do_v much_o less_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n or_o favour_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v without_o their_o consent_n go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n he_o may_v very_o just_o be_v resist_v by_o they_o since_o a_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o these_o in_o peace_n and_o safety_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a reason_n that_o make_v they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n and_o be_v certain_o one_o of_o the_o original_a compact_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n where_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o slave_n they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o have_v such_o a_o settle_a property_n in_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n by_o compact_a that_o seneca_n bold_o pronounce_v errat_fw-la siquis_fw-la existimat_fw-la sutum_fw-la â—sse_fw-la ibi_fw-la râ—gem_fw-la ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la à _fw-la regetutum_fw-la est_fw-la securitas_fw-la securitate_fw-la mutua_fw-la paciscenda_fw-la est_fw-la and_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o as_o much_o a_o friend_n as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o monarch_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o subject_n yet_o be_v force_v in_o his_o leviathan_n to_o confess_v that_o the_o riches_n power_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o monarch_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o riches_n strength_n and_o reputation_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o no_o king_n can_v be_v rich_a 96._o nor_o glorious_a nor_o secure_a who_o subject_n be_v â—â—â—her_o poor_a or_o contemptible_a though_o how_o this_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o subject_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o absolute_a power_n which_o he_o give_v his_o sovereign_n over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o can_v understand_v since_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n or_o condition_n between_o he_o and_o they_o but_o that_o their_o propriety_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n seneca_n show_v we_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la say_v he_o omniâ—_n râ—gis_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la illa_fw-la quorum_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la universa_fw-la possessio_fw-la in_o singulos_fw-la dominos_fw-la descripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o unaquaeque_fw-la res_fw-la habet_fw-la possessorem_fw-la suum_fw-la itaque_fw-la dare_v regi_fw-la &_o donum_fw-la &_o mancipium_fw-la &_o pecuniam_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la donare_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la dicimur_fw-la ad_fw-la reges_fw-la enim_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la and_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n make_v this_o excellent_a remark_n upon_o this_o passage_n of_o seneca_n 24._o and_o that_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o power_n so_o greâ—â—_n that_o his_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o give_v he_o will_v be_v very_o unhappy_a if_o he_o have_v evern_n nâ—ed_v of_o their_o hand_n or_o their_o heart_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o universal_a power_n or_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n over_o all_o thing_n which_o seneca_n there_o suppose_v yet_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o have_v invade_v all_o man_n property_n and_o reduce_v all_o man_n estate_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v have_v not_o only_o his_o own_o legion_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n about_o his_o ear_n and_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v by_o his_o exâ—roitant_a tax_n and_o gabel_n raise_v more_o mâ—ney_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o the_o territory_n annex_v to_o it_o than_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n do_v out_o of_o that_o vast_a empire_n of_o which_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a propriety_n of_o the_o land_n in_o himself_o yet_o if_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v endeavour_v by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o stand_a army_n to_o take_v away_o all_o man_n hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o make_v they_o all_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o will_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v not_o only_o be_v oppose_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o perhaps_o ruin_v in_o the_o attempt_n but_o also_o if_o he_o shall_v succeed_v in_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o rich_a or_o more_o powerful_a that_o he_o will_v become_v the_o poor_a and_o weak_a when_o he_o have_v do_v since_o no_o man_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o build_v till_o or_o improve_v their_o estate_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o turkey_n when_o they_o be_v not_o sure_a 〈◊〉_d soon_o they_o may_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o or_o at_o least_o can_v hold_v they_o no_o long_o than_o for_o their_o life_n or_o a_o few_o year_n so_o prevalent_a a_o thing_n be_v this_o empty_a shadow_n and_o bare_a name_n of_o property_n that_o be_v now_o leave_v in_o france_n be_v often_o charge_v with_o 〈◊〉_d to_o above_o half_a the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n to_o encourage_v the_o people_n to_o beautify_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v a_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o those_o riches_n that_o nature_n or_o art_n can_v produce_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o partial_a i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o thou_o high_o improbable_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n shall_v so_o far_o abuse_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o as_o to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v thereupon_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v all_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n resist_v the_o king_n if_o he_o go_v to_o do_v it_o by_o force_n notwithstanding_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o my_o reason_n it_o that_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v a_o ancient_n if_o not_o more_o than_o parliament_n themselves_o in_o this_o nation_n must_v consequent_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o its_o representative_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v think_v 〈◊〉_d yet_o do_v they_o not_o make_v it_o absolute_a to_o extend_v either_o to_o their_o liberty_n i_o mean_v in_o respect_n of_o slavery_n or_o their_o whole_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v be_v resist_v if_o he_o invade_v they_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n the_o reason_n will_v be_v the_o same_o why_o he_o may_v be_v also_o resist_v though_o back_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o taâ—â—ing_n away_o of_o civil_a property_n will_v prove_v as_o destructive_a to_o the_o peopleâ—_n liberty_n and_o happiness_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o as_o great_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v 〈◊〉_d they_o that_o be_v design_v to_o protect_v it_o m._n i_o can_v except_v against_o your_o distinction_n between_o those_o government_n where_o a_o property_n in_o estate_n do_v precede_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n it_o sell_v for_o there_o i_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o those_o monarchy_n that_o have_v begin_v by_o conquest_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n or_o absolute_a prince_n over_o a_o army_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o that_o case_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o foreign_a nation_n not_o only_o the_o prey_n or_o good_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o also_o their_o estate_n be_v
own_o norman_a lord_n and_o soldier_n but_o those_o of_o other_o foreign_a nation_n who_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o expedition_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v he_o to_o have_v reign_v in_o quiet_a over_o they_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o limit_a king_n he_o have_v set_v himself_o up_o for_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o have_v grant_v they_o no_o estate_n but_o at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o will_v have_v reduce_v the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o conquer_a to_o the_o same_o condition_n but_o as_o for_o your_o example_n of_o malcolm_n canmor_n i_o can_v believe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v so_o late_o as_o his_o reign_n possess_v of_o the_o whole_a hereditary_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o that_o kingdom_n so_o as_o that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o settle_a interest_n in_o they_o before_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o think_v this_o passage_n in_o their_o historian_n to_o be_v very_o suspicious_a if_o not_o false_a but_o i_o speak_v this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o and_o i_o reserve_v what_o i_o have_v more_o to_o say_v on_o this_o head_n for_o another_o time_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o as_o evident_o as_o can_v be_v do_v after_o so_o many_o age_n that_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o gothick_n or_o german_a nation_n commence_v at_o first_o from_o compact_n with_o their_o first_o king_n and_o have_v thereby_o a_o unalterable_a right_n in_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n and_o if_o so_o have_v likewise_o right_o to_o defend_v they_o if_o general_o and_o universal_o invade_v by_o their_o prince_n but_o grant_v for_o the_o present_a what_o you_o have_v assert_v to_o be_v true_a that_o all_o this_o property_n which_o be_v now_o in_o europe_n proceed_v whole_o from_o the_o grant_n and_o concession_n of_o prince_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n if_o any_o king_n shall_v go_v about_o general_o or_o at_o once_o to_o invade_v the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o their_o people_n they_o may_v not_o lawful_o be_v resi_v for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o even_o a_o slâ—ve_n when_o manumit_v by_o his_o patron_n may_v lawful_o defend_v his_o liberty_n against_o he_o if_o he_o go_v about_o to_o take_v it_o away_o and_o reduce_v he_o again_o into_o slavery_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o state_n of_o nature_n if_o a_o prince_n free_o grant_v his_o subject_n a_o settle_a and_o hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o right_a to_o defend_v they_o against_o he_o or_o any_o other_o that_o will_v endeavour_v by_o force_n to_o take_v they_o away_o for_o he_o that_o in_o this_o state_n grant_v any_o thing_n to_o another_o grant_v he_o likewise_o a_o right_a to_o keep_v it_o whether_o the_o donor_n will_v or_o not_o or_o else_o it_o be_v indeed_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o he_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n grant_v another_o man_n any_o thing_n to_o be_v possess_v or_o enjoy_v only_o as_o long_o as_o he_o himself_o or_o his_o heir_n shall_v think_v fit_a do_v in_o effect_n grant_v he_o as_o good_a as_o nothing_o since_o he_o may_v alter_v his_o mind_n to_o morrow_n and_o demand_v it_o again_o and_o take_v it_o away_o the_o very_a next_o day_n so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o subject_n have_v such_o a_o right_n to_o their_o estate_n as_o that_o the_o prince_n can_v without_o manifest_v violence_n or_o injustice_n take_v they_o away_o you_o must_v likewise_o grant_v that_o they_o have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o defend_v they_o but_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o right_n that_o all_o man_n have_v to_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o all_o our_o european_a kingdom_n 19_o and_o commonwealth_n though_o never_o so_o absolute_a but_o your_o objection_n against_o the_o subject_n defend_v it_o by_o force_n if_o it_o be_v invade_v be_v that_o it_o may_v cause_v rebellion_n and_o confusion_n i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o may_v sometime_o occasion_v civil_a war_n or_o intestine_a commotion_n if_o the_o people_n find_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n notorious_o invade_v shall_v oppose_v the_o unjust_a violence_n of_o those_o who_o contrary_a to_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o do_v thus_o violent_o invade_v they_o therefore_o forsooth_o if_o this_o doctrine_n be_v allow_v it_o may_v prove_v destructive_a to_o the_o peace_n of_o kingdom_n and_o common_a wealth_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n but_o methinks_v you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v argue_v that_o honest_a man_n may_v not_o resist_v robber_n or_o pirate_n because_o it_o may_v occasion_v disorder_n and_o bloodshed_n if_o any_o mischief_n come_v in_o such_o case_n sure_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v upon_o he_o who_o defend_v his_o own_o right_n but_o on_o he_o that_o invade_v another_o if_o the_o innocent_a honest_a man_n must_v quit_v all_o he_o have_v for_o quietness_n sake_n to_o he_o who_o will_v lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o it_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v what_o a_o kind_n of_o peace_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o world_n which_o will_v consist_v only_o in_o violence_n and_o rapiâ—â—_n and_o which_o will_v be_v maintain_v only_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o public_a robber_n and_o oppressor_n m._n but_o pray_v do_v you_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o knot_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n and_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o a_o monarch_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o i_o suppose_v may_v very_o well_o be_v maintain_v without_o any_o hereditary_a property_n in_o land_n as_o you_o have_v grant_v and_o it_o be_v much_o better_o in_o my_o mind_n to_o forego_v these_o outward_a thing_n than_o resist_v the_o civil_a government_n which_o be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v f._n i_o think_v the_o best_a way_n to_o end_v this_o controversy_n will_v be_v to_o desire_v you_o to_o give_v a_o definition_n of_o civil_a government_n that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o we_o mean_v by_o it_o therefore_o pray_v will_v you_o give_v i_o a_o easy_a and_o plain_a definition_n of_o it_o m._n well_o sir_n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n i_o then_o take_v civil_a government_n to_o be_v a_o authority_n confer_v by_o god_n on_o one_o or_o more_o person_n to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o to_o inflict_v such_o punishment_n for_o their_o transgression_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o by_o the_o subject_n obedience_n and_o assistance_n to_o protect_v they_o against_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o also_o to_o appoint_v what_o share_n of_o civil_a property_n each_o person_n in_o that_o commonwealth_n shall_v enjoy_v f._n sir_n though_o your_o definition_n be_v somewhat_o lame_a yet_o i_o be_o pretty_a well_o content_v with_o it_o only_o i_o will_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o wherein_o it_o be_v deficient_a the_o first_o and_o therefore_o chief_a branch_n or_o office_n of_o civil_a magistrateâ—_n 〈◊〉_d to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v it_o then_o a_o branch_n of_o this_o power_n to_o send_v soldier_n or_o dragoon_n to_o take_v away_o their_o liberty_n life_n or_o estate_n this_o sure_a be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o their_o duty_n and_o that_o trust_v which_o god_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o let_v we_o go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o branch_n the_o inflection_n of_o punishment_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o such_o law_n be_v this_o a_o part_n of_o civil_a government_n not_o only_o to_o send_v their_o soldier_n and_o other_o officer_n to_o take_v away_o their_o subject_n life_n and_o estate_n but_o also_o to_o let_v the_o most_o capital_a offender_n or_o robber_n pass_v unpunished_a when_o they_o have_v do_v if_o you_o maintain_v these_o to_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o civil_a government_n or_o that_o to_o be_v civil_a government_n where_o these_o thing_n be_v common_o practise_v you_o may_v even_o with_o mr._n hobbs_n set_v the_o great_a leviathan_n free_a from_o all_o obligation_n to_o his_o subject_n any_o further_a than_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o his_o own_o interest_n and_o make_v they_o always_o in_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v as_o he_o suppose_v of_o war_n with_o they_o and_o then_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o such_o a_o state_n can_v be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n or_o not_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o branch_n of_o your_o definition_n and_o in_o which_o alone_o i_o think_v it_o deficient_a the_o appoint_v what_o share_n of_o property_n each_o person_n in_o that_o commonwealth_n shall_v enjoy_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o civil_a government_n to_o appoint_v this_o at_o first_o yet_o
they_o have_v bring_v with_o they_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n and_o have_v sell_v the_o people_n or_o their_o child_n for_o slave_n to_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n to_o enrich_v himself_o and_o his_o family_n do_v you_o believe_v that_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o have_v obey_v such_o a_o leader_n and_o not_o have_v resist_v he_o and_o his_o party_n if_o there_o have_v be_v occasion_n so_o likewise_o if_o joshua_n instead_o of_o lead_v god_n people_n into_o the_o holy_a land_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o notwithstanding_o god_n command_n to_o have_v carry_v they_o again_o into_o egypt_n can_v you_o think_v they_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o obey_v he_o and_o may_v not_o lawful_o have_v resist_v he_o if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o accomplice_n to_o force_v they_o to_o it_o for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o these_o substitute_n have_v act_v contrary_a to_o that_o commission_n god_n have_v give_v they_o they_o be_v no_o 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judge_v israel_n now_o suppose_v that_o this_o judge_n or_o highpriest_n neglect_v like_o balaam_n the_o divine_a inspiration_n and_o the_o dictate_v of_o that_o sacred_a oracle_n have_v instead_o of_o a_o righteous_a judgement_n give_v a_o sentence_n in_o a_o cause_n that_o have_v come_v before_o they_o whereby_o idolatry_n or_o breach_n of_o some_o great_a point_n of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n have_v be_v establish_v do_v you_o think_v that_o god_n ever_o intend_v that_o this_o sentence_n shall_v have_v be_v obey_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o 2d_o book_n of_o maccabee_n that_o when_o jason_n and_o menelaus_n have_v by_o bribery_n obtain_v the_o high-priesthood_n though_o it_o be_v then_o the_o chief_a authority_n under_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n both_o in_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a matter_n yet_o when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o undermine_v the_o jewish_a religion_n and_o seduce_v the_o people_n to_o idolatry_n they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o look_v upon_o as_o high-priest_n 25._o but_o be_v there_o call_v ungodly_a wretch_n do_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o the_o high-priesthood_n but_o have_v the_o fury_n of_o a_o cruel_a tyrant_n and_o of_o a_o savage_a beast_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v at_o all_o obey_v by_o the_o jew_n that_o jason_n menelaus_n and_o alcimus_n who_o be_v successive_o high-priest_n in_o the_o room_n of_o onias_n be_v as_o far_o as_o the_o people_n be_v able_a oppose_v by_o they_o till_o at_o last_o judas_n maccabeus_n 25._o take_v arm_n against_o alcimus_n the_o highpriest_n restore_v by_o force_n the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n so_o that_o you_o see_v that_o the_o obedience_n be_v not_o pay_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o high-priest_n only_o as_o such_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o precept_n in_o deuteronomy_n but_o only_o as_o far_o as_o they_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n and_o give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n in_o all_o matter_n according_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n of_o you_o because_o the_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v their_o sentence_n in_o doubtful_a case_n therefore_o they_o have_v a_o absolute_a irresistible_a power_n to_o give_v what_o judgement_n they_o please_v and_o that_o the_o people_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o rebellion_n for_o that_o have_v be_v to_o have_v give_v the_o high-priest_n and_o judge_n a_o power_n to_o have_v alter_v the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n when_o ever_o they_o please_v and_o to_o have_v introduce_v idolatry_n in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o so_o that_o i_o think_v none_o of_o these_o place_n will_v prove_v any_o more_o but_o that_o god_n and_o his_o lieutenant_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o that_o it_o be_v rebellion_n to_o resist_v they_o under_o the_o jewish_a government_n as_o long_o as_o they_o do_v not_o force_v the_o people_n to_o idolatry_n which_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o deny_v m._n though_o you_o labour_v to_o wave_v these_o example_n and_o precept_n which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o will_v not_o take_v they_o for_o convince_a yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o exception_n against_o they_o only_o tend_v to_o prove_v that_o idolatrous_a king_n may_v be_v resist_v under_o the_o jewish_a law_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o sacred_a history_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v very_o clear_o to_o you_o by_o these_o follow_a testimony_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o more_o plain_a that_o when_o the_o jew_n will_v have_v a_o king_n 11._o their_o king_n be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o supreme_a and_o irresistible_a power_n for_o when_o they_o desire_v a_o king_n of_o samuel_n 20._o they_o do_v not_o desire_v a_o mere_a nominal_a and_o titular_a king_n but_o a_o king_n to_o judge_n they_o and_o go_v in_o and_o out_o before_o they_o and_o fight_v their_o battle_n that_o be_v a_o king_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a and_o sovereign_a authority_n a_o king_n who_o shall_v have_v all_o that_o power_n of_o government_n except_v the_o peculiar_a act_n of_o the_o priestly_a office_n which_o either_o their_o highpriest_n or_o their_o judge_n have_v before_o and_o therefore_o when_o samuel_n tell_v they_o what_o shall_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o king_n 20._o though_o what_o he_o say_v do_v necessary_o suppose_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o irresistible_a power_n to_o the_o person_n of_o their_o king_n 11._o yet_o it_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o their_o king_n have_v any_o new_a power_n give_v he_o more_o than_o what_o be_v â—â—â—â—cised_v former_o by_o the_o priest_n and_o judge_n he_o do_v not_o deter_v they_o frâ—â—_n choose_v a_o king_n because_o a_o king_n shall_v have_v great_a power_n and_o â—e_v more_o uncontrollable_a 13._o and_o irresistible_a than_o their_o other_o ruler_n be_v for_o samuel_n himself_o have_v before_o as_o sovereign_n and_o irresistible_a a_o power_n as_o any_o king_n be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o israel_n who_o sentence_n no_o man_n can_v disobey_v or_o contradict_v but_o he_o incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o death_n according_a to_o the_o mosaical_a law_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o distuade_v they_o from_o choose_v a_o king_n be_v because_o the_o external_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n of_o king_n be_v like_a to_o be_v very_o chargeable_a and_o oppressive_a to_o they_o he_o 〈◊〉_d your_o son_n and_o 〈◊〉_d they_o for_o himself_o for_o his_o chariot_n and_o to_o be_v his_o house_n man_n and_o some_o shall_v run_v before_o his_o chariot_n and_o he_o will_v appoint_v he_o captain_n over_o thousand_o and_o captain_n over_o fifty_n and_o will_v set_v they_o to_o ear_n his_o ground_n and_o to_o reap_v his_o harvest_n and_o thus_o in_o several_a particular_n he_o show_v they_o what_o burden_n and_o exaction_n they_o will_v bring_v upon_o themselves_o by_o set_v up_o a_o king_n which_o they_o be_v then_o free_a from_o and_o if_o any_o prince_n shall_v be_v excessive_a in_o such_o â—â—â—actions_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o way_n to_o help_v themselves_o they_o must_v not_o resist_v nor_o rebel_n against_o he_o nor_o expect_v that_o whatever_o inconvenience_n they_o may_v find_v in_o kingly_a government_n god_n will_v relieve_v and_o deliver_v they_o from_o it_o when_o once_o they_o have_v choose_v a_o king_n you_o shall_v cry_v out_o in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o your_o king_n that_o you_o have_v choose_v you_o 18._o and_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o hear_v you_o in_o that_o day_n that_o be_v god_n will_v not_o alter_v the_o government_n for_o you_o again_o how_o much_o soever_o you_o may_v complain_v of_o it_o this_o i_o say_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n that_o their_o king_n be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v though_o they_o oppress_v their_o subject_n
to_o maintain_v their_o own_o state_n and_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n of_o their_o kingdom_n but_o i_o can_v think_v that_o these_o word_n contain_v the_o original_a grant_n and_o charter_n of_o regal_a power_n but_o only_o the_o translation_n that_o be_v former_o in_o their_o high-priest_n or_o judge_n to_o king_n king_n have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o their_o other_o governor_n have_v for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o power_n great_a than_o that_o which_o be_v irresistible_a but_o this_o power_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v more_o burdensome_a and_o oppressive_a to_o they_o than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o priest_n and_o judge_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o different_a way_n of_o live_v which_o be_v the_o only_a argument_n samuel_n make_v use_v of_o to_o dissuade_v they_o from_o transfer_v the_o supreme_a and_o sovereign_a power_n to_o a_o king_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o translate_v mishpat_o as_o our_o translator_n do_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n than_o with_o some_o learned_a man_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n thereby_o understand_v the_o original_a charter_n of_o kingly_a power_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o regal_a power_n which_o samuel_n here_o blame_v which_o be_v much_o like_o that_o which_o he_o himself_o â—ad_v exercise_v while_o he_o be_v supreme_a judge_n of_o israel_n but_o their_o pompous_a way_n of_o live_v which_o will_v prove_v very_o oppressive_a and_o burdensome_a to_o they_o and_o be_v apt_a to_o make_v they_o complain_v who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o exaction_n f._n you_o have_v i_o must_v confess_v make_v a_o much_o fair_a exposition_n of_o this_o out_o of_o samuel_n than_o divers_a of_o our_o hot_a and_o giddy_a divine_n who_o will_v render_v this_o mishpat_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n i._n e._n the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n by_o right_a of_o the_o king_n whereby_o they_o will_v entitle_v all_o king_n whatsoever_o to_o a_o absolute_a right_n to_o all_o their_o subject_n estate_n when_o ever_o they_o will_v take_v they_o away_o not_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o word_n mishpat_o be_v sometime_o use_v not_o only_o in_o a_o good_a but_o a_o bad_a sense_n not_o for_o right_n or_o power_n but_o for_o a_o evil_a custom_n or_o abuse_v and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n of_o samuel_n that_o speak_v of_o the_o son_n of_o eli_n who_o be_v son_n of_o belial_n they_o know_v not_o the_o lord_n 14._o that_o the_o priest_n viz._n their_o custom_n with_o the_o people_n be_v that_o when_o any_o man_n offer_v sacrifice_n the_o priest_n servant_n come_v whilst_o the_o flesh_n be_v in_o seethe_v with_o a_o fleshhook_n of_o three_o tooth_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o strike_v it_o into_o the_o pan_n or_o kettle_n or_o cauldron_n or_o pot_n all_o that_o the_o flâ—sh_a book_n bring_v up_o the_o priest_n take_v for_o himself_o so_o they_o do_v in_o shiloh_n unto_o all_o the_o israelite_n that_o come_v thither_o where_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v render_v in_o our_o translation_n the_o priest_n custom_n be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n mishpat_o which_o you_o render_v right_o so_o that_o if_o this_o word_n will_v do_v it_o these_o wicked_a priest_n have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o take_v away_o as_o much_o of_o every_o man_n sacrifice_n as_o they_o please_v for_o themselves_o nay_o to_o take_v it_o before_o god_n himself_o be_v serve_v and_o the_o fat_a burn_v according_a to_o the_o rite_n of_o sacrifice_a and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n king_n also_o by_o this_o word_n mishpat_o shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v what_o they_o please_v of_o the_o subject_n estate_n i_o do_v like_o wise_a also_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o samuel_n do_v not_o here_o describe_v a_o a_o tyrant_n but_o one_o of_o those_o absolute_a eastern_a prince_n who_o make_v use_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o subject_n estate_n as_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n to_o maintain_v their_o stand_a army_n and_o royal_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n so_o that_o i_o grant_v in_o short_a samuel_n mean_v no_o more_o when_o he_o thus_o speak_v to_o they_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v a_o king_n he_o must_v be_v maintain_v like_o a_o king_n and_o very_o great_a tax_n will_v be_v lay_v upon_o you_o for_o this_o end_n of_o which_o burden_n if_o you_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v weary_a or_o will_v cast_v it_o off_o again_o you_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v it_o for_o since_o this_o king_n shall_v obtain_v the_o crown_n not_o only_o by_o god_n appointment_n but_o by_o your_o own_o choice_n or_o election_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o your_o power_n again_o to_o depose_v he_o since_o it_o be_v your_o own_o act_n and_o therefore_o samuel_n tell_v they_o that_o when_o they_o shall_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n which_o they_o have_v choose_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o hear_v they_o and_o as_o long_o as_o this_o king_n keep_v himself_o within_o these_o bound_n i_o grant_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v yet_o nevertheless_o this_o place_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v as_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o patronise_a tyranny_n or_o all_o the_o abuse_n of_o regal_a power_n so_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o be_v samuel_n meaning_n to_o make_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n so_o absolute_a or_o irresistible_a as_o that_o upon_o no_o account_n whatsoever_o the_o people_n may_v disobey_v or_o resist_v they_o let_v they_o use_v this_o power_n never_o so_o wicked_o nay_o contrary_a to_o god_n express_v command_n and_o the_o end_n of_o all_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v tell_v i_o suppose_v instead_o of_o these_o necessary_a burden_n which_o they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o when_o they_o have_v a_o king_n samuel_n have_v speak_v thus_o to_o they_o this_o king_n who_o you_o desire_v shall_v prove_v a_o idolater_n and_o as_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n as_o pharaoh_n or_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o philistine_n canaanite_n or_o any_o other_o nation_n who_o so_o long_o tyrannize_v over_o you_o and_o shall_v take_v away_o all_o your_o estate_n and_o live_v too_o at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n without_o any_o crime_n or_o legal_a trial_n and_o in_o short_a will_v not_o only_a himself_o use_v you_o for_o slave_n but_o sell_v you_o and_o your_o child_n for_o bondman_n to_o the_o egyptian_n and_o other_o nation_n and_o shall_v lay_v such_o grievous_a tribute_n and_o burden_n upon_o you_o that_o you_o shall_v be_v scarce_o able_a to_o live_v under_o they_o now_o can_v any_o man_n think_v if_o the_o israelite_n have_v be_v real_o persuade_v that_o their_o king_n must_v have_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o a_o necessary_a and_o inseparable_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n they_o will_v ever_o have_v be_v so_o fond_a of_o such_o a_o government_n as_o to_o have_v cry_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n nay_o but_o we_o will_v have_v a_o king_n over_o we_o that_o we_o may_v be_v like_o other_o nation_n but_o sure_a not_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o and_o enslave_v we_o but_o that_o he_o may_v judge_v we_o 20._o and_o go_v out_o before_o we_o and_o fight_v our_o battle_n or_o do_v you_o think_v if_o they_o have_v have_v such_o a_o king_n as_o this_o they_o will_v ever_o have_v long_o endure_v he_o for_o that_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v not_o conceive_v that_o their_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a power_n over_o they_o as_o to_o oppress_v they_o with_o tax_n and_o to_o make_v their_o yoke_n more_o grievous_a to_o they_o than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v or_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o they_o at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n appear_v plain_o by_o the_o story_n in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n concern_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n assemble_v together_o at_o sichem_n to_o make_v rehoboam_n king_n 12._o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o preliminary_a condition_n of_o his_o government_n be_v these_o 3.4_o all_o the_o congregation_n of_o israel_n come_v and_o speak_v unto_o rehoboam_n say_v thy_o father_n make_v our_o yoke_n grievous_a now_o therefore_o make_v thou_o the_o grievous_a service_n of_o thy_o father_n and_o his_o heavy_a yoke_n which_o he_o put_v upon_o we_o light_a and_o we_o will_v serve_v thou_o but_o see_v the_o answer_n that_o rehoboam_n make_v they_o according_a to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o his_o young_a counselor_n 10.11_o my_o little_a finger_n shall_v be_v thick_a than_o my_o father_n loin_n and_o whereas_o my_o father_n do_v lade_v you_o with_o a_o heavy_a yoke_n i_o will_v add_v to_o your_o yoke_n my_o father_n have_v chastise_v you_o with_o whip_n but_o i_o will_v chastise_v you_o with_o scorpion_n and_o mark_v what_o follow_v upon_o this_o answer_n 16._o so_o when_o
and_o irresistible_a the_o person_n and_o authority_n of_o king_n be_v under_o the_o jewish_a government_n and_o there_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a example_n of_o this_o than_o in_o the_o case_n of_o david_n he_o be_v himself_o anoint_v to_o be_v king_n after_o saul_n death_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o be_v grievous_o persecute_v by_o saul_n who_o pursue_v he_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o with_o a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n how_o now_o do_v david_n behave_v himself_o in_o this_o extremity_n what_o course_n do_v he_o take_v to_o secure_v himself_o from_o saul_n why_o he_o take_v the_o only_a course_n that_o be_v leave_v to_o a_o subject_a 28.29_o he_o fly_v for_o it_o and_o hide_v himself_o from_o saul_n in_o the_o mountain_n and_o cave_n of_o the_o wilderness_n and_o when_o he_o find_v he_o be_v discover_v in_o one_o place_n he_o remove_v to_o another_o he_o keep_v spy_n upon_o saul_n to_o observe_v his_o motion_n not_o that_o he_o may_v meet_v he_o to_o give_v he_o batâ—le_a or_o to_o take_v he_o at_o a_o advantage_n but_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v out_o of_o his_o way_n and_o not_o fall_v unaware_o into_o his_o hand_n well_o but_o this_o be_v no_o thanks_o to_o david_n you_o will_v say_v because_o he_o can_v not_o do_v otherwise_o he_o be_v too_o weak_a for_o saul_n and_o not_o able_a to_o stand_v against_o he_o and_o therefore_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n but_o flight_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o david_n be_v a_o man_n of_o war_n he_o slay_v goliath_n and_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o israel_n with_o great_a success_n he_o be_v a_o admire_a and_o belove_a captain_n which_o make_v saul_n so_o jealous_a of_o he_o the_o eye_n of_o israel_n be_v upon_o he_o for_o their_o next_o king_n and_o how_o easy_o may_v he_o have_v raise_v a_o potent_a and_o formidable_a rebellion_n against_o saul_n but_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o this_o that_o he_o invite_v no_o man_n to_o his_o assistance_n and_o when_o some_o come_v uninvited_a he_o make_v no_o use_n of_o they_o in_o a_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a war_n against_o saul_n nay_o when_o god_n deliver_v saul_n twice_o into_o david_n hand_n that_o he_o can_v as_o easy_o have_v kill_v he_o as_o have_v cut_v off_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o garment_n at_o engedi_n 26._o or_o as_o have_v take_v that_o spear_n away_o which_o stick_v on_o the_o ground_n as_o his_o bolster_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o hill_n of_o hachilâ—h_n yet_o he_o will_v neither_o touch_v saul_n himself_o nor_o suffer_v any_o of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v with_o he_o to_o do_v it_o though_o they_o be_v very_o importunate_a with_o he_o to_o let_v they_o kill_v saul_n nay_o though_o they_o urge_v he_o with_o a_o argument_n from_o providence_n that_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a evidence_n that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o he_o shall_v kill_v he_o 26.8_o because_o god_n have_v now_o deliver_v his_o enemy_n into_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v to_o david_n we_o know_v what_o use_v some_o man_n have_v make_v of_o this_o argument_n of_o providence_n to_o justify_v all_o the_o villainy_n they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o act_v 30._o but_o david_n it_o seem_v do_v not_o think_v that_o a_o opportunity_n of_o do_v evil_a give_v he_o a_o licence_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o opportunity_n we_o say_v make_v a_o thief_n and_o it_o make_v a_o rebel_n and_o a_o murderer_n too_o no_o man_n can_v do_v any_o wickedness_n which_o he_o have_v no_o opportunity_n of_o do_v and_o if_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n which_o put_v such_o opportunity_n into_o man_n hand_n may_v justify_v the_o wickedness_n they_o commit_v no_o man_n can_v be_v chargeable_a with_o any_o gild_n whatever_o he_o do_v and_o certain_o opportunity_n will_v as_o soon_o justify_v any_o other_o sin_n as_o rebellion_n and_o the_o murder_n of_o prince_n we_o be_v to_o learn_v our_o duty_n from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n not_o from_o his_o providence_n at_o least_o this_o must_v be_v a_o settle_a principle_n that_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n will_v never_o justify_v any_o action_n which_o his_o law_n forbid_v and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o this_o opportunity_n which_o god_n have_v put_v into_o his_o hand_n to_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o take_v the_o crown_n for_o his_o reward_n david_n consider_v his_o duty_n remember_v that_o though_o saul_n be_v his_o enemy_n and_o that_o very_o unjust_o yet_o he_o be_v still_o the_o lord_n anoint_v the_o lord_n forbid_v say_v he_o that_o i_o shall_v do_v this_o unto_o my_o master_n the_o lord_n anoint_v to_o stretch_v forth_o any_o hand_n against_o he_o see_v he_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v nay_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v away_o his_o life_n that_o his_o heart_n smite_v he_o for_o cut_v off_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o garment_n and_o we_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o reason_n david_n give_v why_o he_o dare_v not_o hurt_v saul_n because_o he_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v which_o be_v the_o very_a reason_n the_o apostle_n give_v in_o the_o roman_n 2._o because_o the_o power_n that_o be_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o he_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n for_o to_o be_v anoint_v of_o god_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o be_v make_v king_n or_o ordain_v by_o god_n for_o this_o external_a unction_n be_v only_o a_o visible_a sign_n of_o god_n designation_n of_o they_o to_o such_o a_o office_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v as_o much_o god_n anoint_v without_o this_o visible_a unction_n as_o with_o it_o cyrus_n be_v call_v god_n anoint_v though_o he_o never_o be_v anoint_v by_o any_o prophet_n but_o only_o design_v for_o his_o kingdom_n by_o prophecy_n 45.1_o and_o we_o never_o read_v in_o scripture_n that_o any_o king_n have_v this_o external_a unction_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n unless_o the_o title_n and_o succession_n be_v doubtful_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v too_o that_o be_v be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n by_o he_o so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o eternal_a reason_n against_o resi_v sovereign_a prince_n that_o they_o be_v set_v up_o by_o god_n and_o invest_v with_o his_o authority_n and_o therefore_o their_o person_n and_o their_o authority_n be_v sacred_a f._n i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o differ_v with_o you_o in_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v this_o example_n of_o david_n towards_o saul_n though_o his_o enemy_n that_o i_o think_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o pattern_n to_o every_o single_a private_a man_n though_o never_o so_o great_a in_o a_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n how_o to_o comport_v himself_o towards_o the_o supreme_a power_n if_o he_o himself_o alone_o be_v unjust_o persecute_v by_o they_o either_o in_o his_o life_n or_o estate_n that_o be_v to_o fly_v if_o he_o can_v though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n rather_o than_o resist_v though_o there_o be_v some_o circumstance_n in_o this_o story_n of_o david_n that_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o he_o do_v not_o think_v a_o defensive_a war_n against_o those_o cutthroat_n that_o saul_n may_v send_v to_o kill_v he_o unlawful_a 2._o and_o so_o much_o dr._n fearn_n himself_o in_o his_o first_o discourse_n call_v resolve_v of_o conscience_n etc._n etc._n against_o resistance_n of_o the_o high_a power_n acknowledge_v for_o david_n when_o he_o flee_v from_o saul_n make_v himself_o captain_n of_o four_o hundred_o man_n which_o number_n soon_o increase_v to_o six_o hundred_o 12.1_o and_o still_o every_o day_n grow_v more_o by_o addition_n now_o why_o shall_v he_o entertain_v those_o man_n but_o to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o force_n of_o saul_n that_o be_v to_o make_v a_o defensive_a war_n when_o ever_o he_o be_v assault_v by_o he_o m._n i_o think_v i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o sufficient_a answer_n to_o this_o and_o therefore_o you_o must_v observe_v that_o david_n invite_v none_o of_o these_o man_n in_o to_o he_o but_o they_o come_v as_o volunteer_n after_o a_o belove_a captain_n 32._o and_o general_n which_o show_v how_o formidable_a he_o can_v easy_o have_v make_v himself_o when_o such_o number_n resort_v to_o he_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n when_o he_o have_v they_o he_o never_o use_v they_o for_o any_o hostile_a act_n against_o saul_n or_o any_o of_o his_o force_n he_o never_o stand_v his_o ground_n when_o he_o hear_v saul_n be_v come_v but_o always_o flee_v and_o his_o man_n with_o he_o man_n who_o never_o be_v use_v to_o fly_v and_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o have_v serve_v he_o against_o saul_n himself_o will_v he_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o call_v it_o a_o defensive_a war_n to_o fly_v before_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o hide_v
themselves_o in_o cave_n and_o mountain_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v the_o only_a defensive_a war_n which_o david_n make_v with_o all_o his_o man_n about_o he_o nay_o all_o that_o he_o will_v make_v and_o all_o that_o he_o can_v make_v according_a to_o his_o profess_a principle_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o stretch_v out_o his_o hand_n against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v and_o when_o these_o man_n be_v pursue_v as_o david_n be_v by_o a_o enrage_a and_o jealous_a prince_n i_o will_v not_o charge_v they_o of_o rebellion_n though_o they_o fly_v before_o he_o by_o thousand_o in_o a_o company_n yet_o there_o be_v sufficient_a reason_n why_o david_n shall_v entertain_v these_o man_n who_o voluntary_o resort_v to_o he_o though_o he_o never_o intend_v to_o use_v they_o against_o saul_n for_o some_o of_o they_o serve_v for_o spy_n to_o watch_n saul_n motion_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v surprise_v by_o he_o but_o have_v timely_a notice_n to_o make_v his_o escape_n and_o the_o very_a presence_n of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o man_n about_o he_o without_o any_o hostile_a act_n preserve_v he_o from_o be_v seize_v on_o by_o some_o officious_a person_n who_o otherwise_o may_v have_v deliver_v he_o into_o saul_n hand_n and_o he_o be_v anoint_v by_o samuel_n to_o be_v king_n after_o saul_n death_n this_o be_v the_o first_o step_n to_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v such_o a_o retinue_n of_o valiant_a man_n about_o he_o which_o make_v his_o advancement_n to_o the_o throne_n more_o easy_a and_o discourage_v any_o opposition_n which_o may_v otherwise_o have_v be_v make_v against_o he_o as_o we_o see_v it_o prove_v in_o the_o event_n and_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o order_v by_o god_n for_o that_o very_a end_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o gad_n the_o prophet_n and_o abiathar_n the_o priest_n who_o be_v the_o only_a man_n who_o escape_v the_o fury_n of_o saul_n when_o he_o destroy_v the_o priest_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v in_o davidâ—_n retinue_n and_o that_o david_n enterprise_v nothing_o without_o first_o ask_v counsel_n of_o god_n but_o he_o who_o have_v anoint_v he_o to_o be_v king_n now_o draw_v force_n after_o he_o which_o after_o saul_n death_n shall_v facilitate_v his_o advancement_n to_o the_o kingdom_n f._n i_o can_v think_v your_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n satisfactory_a for_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o when_o david_n be_v at_o the_o cave_n of_o adullam_n his_o brethren_n 22.1_o and_o all_o his_o father_n house_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v it_o go_v down_o thither_o to_o he_o and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o say_v that_o he_o send_v for_o any_o to_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o refuse_v none_o that_o come_v and_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v he_o make_v use_n of_o so_o many_o as_o 400_o or_o 600_o man_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o defend_v himself_o against_o those_o man_n that_o saul_n may_v send_v against_o he_o since_o half_n a_o score_n or_o twenty_o person_n have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v serve_v for_o spy_n and_o if_o he_o have_v think_v himself_o oblige_v only_o to_o run_v away_o three_o or_o four_o servant_n have_v be_v enough_o in_o conscience_n to_o have_v wair_v on_o he_o in_o any_o neighbour_a country_n but_o that_o david_n think_v it_o no_o sin_n to_o defend_v himself_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o those_o which_o saul_n shall_v send_v to_o kill_v he_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o he_o say_v to_o abiathar_n upon_o his_o flight_n unto_o he_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n 23._o abide_v thou_o with_o i_o fear_v not_o for_o he_o that_o seek_v my_o life_n seek_v thy_o life_n but_o with_o i_o thou_o shall_v be_v in_o safeguard_n and_o if_o david_n have_v not_o mean_v by_o these_o word_n to_o have_v defend_v abiathar'_v as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o life_n if_o assault_v and_o without_o a_o possibility_n of_o escape_v it_o have_v be_v very_o cold_a comfort_n for_o david_n to_o have_v only_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v in_o safeguard_n with_o he_o till_o the_o first_o assault_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o then_o he_o shall_v shift_v for_o himself_o for_o as_o for_o his_o own_o part_n he_o will_v rather_o permit_v his_o throat_n to_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n or_o soldier_n than_o resist_v they_o and_o therefore_o though_o i_o own_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o stretch_v out_o his_o hand_n against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v since_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v any_o private_a subject_n to_o kill_v even_o tyrant_n unless_o a_o in_o state_n of_o actual_a war_n or_o battle_n wherein_o they_o be_v aggressor_n nor_o then_o neither_o if_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v avoid_v yet_o do_v i_o not_o find_v it_o at_o all_o unlawful_a for_o david_n or_o any_o other_o private_a man_n to_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n against_o such_o assassinate_v as_o his_o prince_n may_v send_v against_o he_o so_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o a_o civil_a war_n or_o endanger_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o much_o you_o yourself_o though_o cold_o seem_v to_o yield_v when_o you_o say_v that_o the_o very_a presence_n of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o man_n about_o david_n without_o any_o hostile_a act_n preserve_v he_o from_o be_v seize_v on_o by_o some_o officious_a person_n who_o otherwise_o may_v have_v deliver_v he_o into_o saul_n hand_n for_o i_o can_v think_v that_o david_n will_v have_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o keep_v so_o many_o man_n only_o for_o show_v and_o a_o terror_n to_o those_o officious_a person_n you_o mention_v without_o resist_v of_o they_o if_o there_o have_v be_v occasion_n and_o though_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o his_o be_v anoint_v by_o samuel_n to_o be_v king_n after_o saul_n death_n be_v the_o first_o step_n to_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v such_o a_o retinue_n of_o valiant_a man_n about_o he_o which_o make_v his_o advancement_n to_o thoâ—punc_fw-la throne_n so_o much_o the_o â—aster_n and_o discourage_v any_o opposition_n which_o may_v have_v be_v make_v against_o he_o and_o that_o we_o see_v it_o prove_v so_o in_o the_o event_n and_o therefore_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o order_v by_o god_n to_o that_o very_a end_n i_o must_v take_v the_o liberty_n so_o far_o to_o differ_v from_o you_o for_o first_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o authority_n david_n can_v list_v 600_o or_o 700_o man_n in_o arm_n in_o saul_n territory_n and_o whither_o according_a to_o your_o doctrine_n they_o be_v not_o rebel_n for_o join_v themselves_o with_o one_o who_o be_v declare_v a_o traitor_n by_o the_o king_n and_o though_o you_o say_v it_o be_v thus_o order_v by_o god_n i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o be_v yet_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o any_o divine_a revelation_n to_o nathan_n or_o abiathar_n but_o only_o by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o his_o providence_n like_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o fair_a way_n of_o argue_v for_o you_o to_o affirm_v that_o what_o ever_o david_n do_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o his_o own_o defence_n contrary_a to_o your_o principle_n he_o must_v needs_o do_v it_o by_o express_a order_n from_o god_n of_o which_o the_o scripture_n be_v whole_o silent_a much_o less_o do_v it_o appear_v from_o the_o story_n that_o these_o man_n who_o david_n keep_v with_o he_o be_v only_o to_o facilitate_v his_o attain_v the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o affirm_v since_o the_o scripture_n mention_n no_o such_o thing_n 2.4_o only_o that_o after_o saul_n death_n he_o go_v up_o by_o god_n command_n to_o hehron_n with_o the_o man_n that_o be_v with_o he_o and_o thither_o the_o man_n of_o judah_n come_v and_o there_o they_o anoint_v david_n king_n over_o the_o house_n of_o judah_n but_o it_o be_v no_o where_o mention_v that_o these_o man_n be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o david_n for_o the_o obtain_v of_o the_o crown_n since_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n will_v have_v make_v he_o king_n though_o these_o man_n have_v not_o be_v with_o he_o for_o what_o can_v 600_o or_o 1000_o man_n do_v against_o so_o vast_a a_o multitude_n as_o the_o whole_a tribe_n of_o judah_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o force_n be_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o though_o you_o make_v very_a light_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n in_o which_o david_n be_v in_o relation_n to_o saul_n yet_o pray_v tell_v i_o suppose_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n have_v real_o be_v as_o he_o pretend_a the_o legitimate_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o but_o by_o some_o particular_a disgust_n of_o his_o father_n or_o by_o the_o intrigue_n of_o his_o competitor_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n have_v
be_v force_v to_o fly_v into_o scotland_n and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v defend_v himself_o with_o 1000_o or_o 1500_o of_o his_o tenant_n and_o follower_n though_o without_o fight_v the_o king_n force_n that_o shall_v have_v be_v seâ—â—_n against_o he_o but_o fly_v into_o the_o highland_n and_o have_v there_o maintain_v himself_o as_o david_n do_v by_o free_a quarter_n or_o contribution_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n till_o his_o father_n die_v will_v not_o this_o have_v be_v cry_v out_o upon_o in_o all_o the_o pulpit_n in_o england_n as_o a_o most_o horrid_a rebellion_n of_o a_o son_n and_o a_o subject_a against_o his_o king_n and_o father_n though_o he_o have_v never_o do_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n against_o his_o force_n but_o always_o 〈◊〉_d from_o they_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n may_v have_v plead_v as_o well_o as_o david_n that_o he_o keep_v these_o soldier_n about_o he_o only_o to_o keep_v himself_o from_o be_v murder_v by_o those_o officious_a person_n who_o his_o father_n or_o uncle_n may_v send_v to_o apprehend_v he_o and_o to_o have_v such_o a_o retinue_n of_o valiant_a man_n about_o he_o as_o may_v render_v his_o advancement_n to_o the_o throne_n more_o easy_a when_o ever_o his_o father_n shall_v die_v i_o shall_v not_o urge_v as_o a_o far_a proof_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o david_n resistance_n of_o saul_n force_n his_o intention_n to_o have_v slay_v in_o keilah_n and_o to_o have_v fortify_v it_o against_o saul_n have_v not_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o man_n of_o that_o city_n will_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o saul_n 23._o since_o i_o confess_v it_o do_v not_o certain_o appear_v by_o the_o text_n whether_o david_n will_v have_v stay_v any_o long_a there_o than_o till_o saul_n have_v approach_v near_o to_o that_o place_n whether_o the_o keilite_n will_v have_v deliver_v he_o up_o or_o not_o much_o less_o shall_v i_o urge_v that_o other_o example_n which_o some_o man_n make_v use_v of_o of_o david_n go_v to_o the_o last_o battle_n against_o saul_n with_o achish_n king_n of_o the_o philistine_n for_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o march_v with_o they_o as_o far_o as_o apbek_n in_o the_o tribe_n of_o issachar_n yet_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o he_o real_o intend_v to_o have_v assist_v they_o or_o not_o in_o this_o war_n against_o his_o country_n since_o he_o may_v either_o have_v go_v over_o to_o saul_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o else_o have_v stand_v neuter_n though_o neither_o of_o they_o will_v have_v be_v very_o honourable_a or_o consonant_a with_o david_n character_n therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o this_o since_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o philistine_n for_o fear_n he_o shall_v prove_v aâ—_n adversary_n to_o they_o in_o the_o battle_n make_v he_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n 4.8_o though_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o much_o trouble_v to_o be_v so_o disinherit_v that_o he_o may_v not_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o that_o king_n who_o have_v so_o good_a a_o opinion_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o i_o pray_v will_v you_o proceed_v to_o those_o other_o example's_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n m._n well_o since_o you_o be_v not_o full_o satisfy_v with_o this_o instance_n of_o david_n though_o i_o be_o glad_a you_o allow_v the_o person_n even_o of_o tyrannical_a prince_n to_o be_v sacred_a therefore_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o story_n solomon_n who_o succeed_v david_n in_o his_o kingdom_n 38._o do_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v express_o forbid_v the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o send_v into_o egypt_n for_o horse_n he_o multiply_v wife_n and_o love_v many_o strange_a woman_n together_o with_o the_o daughter_n of_o pharaoh_n woman_n of_o the_o moabite_n 11.1.10.27_o ammonite_n etc._n etc._n he_o multiply_v silver_n and_o gold_n for_o this_o god_n who_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v very_o angry_a with_o he_o and_o threaten_v to_o rend_v the_o kingdom_n from_o he_o which_o be_v afterward_o accomplish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o rehoboam_n but_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o give_v authority_n to_o his_o subject_n to_o rebel_n if_o to_o be_v under_o the_o direction_n and_o obligation_n of_o law_n make_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n be_v so_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n be_v express_o forbid_v to_o do_v as_o you_o have_v already_o hear_v and_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o his_o government_n the_o stand_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o throne_n to_o write_v a_o copy_n of_o the_o law_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n 20._o and_o to_o read_v in_o it_o all_o his_o day_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v to_o fear_v the_o lord_n his_o god_n and_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n and_o these_o statute_n to_o do_v they_o and_o yet_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n if_o he_o break_v these_o law_n god_n be_v his_o judge_n and_o avenger_n but_o he_o be_v accountable_a to_o no_o earthly_a tribunal_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v though_o there_o be_v so_o many_o wicked_a and_o idolatrous_a king_n of_o judah_n who_o break_v all_o the_o law_n of_o god_n give_v they_o by_o moses_n that_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o priest_n or_o prophet_n stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o rebel_n against_o they_o for_o it_o f._n neither_o of_o these_o instance_n do_v reach_v the_o case_n in_o hand_n for_o i_o grant_v that_o neither_o the_o breach_n or_o nonobservance_n of_o these_o precept_n enjoin_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n by_o god_n nor_o yet_o their_o open_a idolatry_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n for_o their_o take_n up_o arm_n or_o resist_v their_o king_n in_o so_o do_v since_o those_o be_v offence_n only_o against_o god_n and_o in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v those_o be_v no_o part_n of_o that_o tacit_fw-la or_o implicit_a compact_n of_o protection_n and_o preservation_n that_o go_v along_o with_o all_o kingdom_n and_o supreme_a power_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o have_v already_o except_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o resistance_n or_o take_v up_o arm_n the_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o though_o i_o must_v own_v that_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n be_v under_o the_o direction_n or_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n and_o so_o be_v limit_v monarch_n yet_o this_o limitation_n be_v not_o from_o the_o people_n but_o from_o god_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o revenge_v the_o breach_n of_o it_o as_o often_o as_o they_o offend_v and_o if_o they_o break_v those_o law_n god_n only_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o avenger_n as_o you_o yourself_o very_o well_o observe_v who_o never_o fail_v severe_o to_o punish_v this_o breach_n of_o his_o law_n nor_o yet_o be_v the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n always_o so_o nice_a and_o temperate_a as_o you_o make_v they_o for_o beside_o the_o example_n of_o rehoboam_n which_o i_o have_v former_o make_v use_v of_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o 2d_o of_o chronicle_n concern_v amaziah_n who_o when_o he_o turn_v away_o from_o follow_v the_o lord_n 27._o they_o viz._n the_o people_n make_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o in_o jerusalem_n and_o he_o flee_v to_o lachish_n but_o they_o send_v to_o lachish_n after_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o there_o and_o make_v his_o son_n vzziah_n king_n in_o his_o stead_n nor_o do_v we_o read_v that_o any_o be_v punish_v for_o kill_v he_o as_o amâ—ziab_n put_v to_o death_n the_o servant_n of_o his_o father_n king_n joash_n for_o conspire_v against_o he_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o 10_o chap._n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o king_n and_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o same_o 21.10_o book_n that_o the_o city_n of_o libna_n revolt_v which_o sure_o be_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o resistance_n from_o that_o wicked_a king_n jehoram_n who_o have_v slay_v all_o his_o brethren_n with_o the_o sword_n 4.6_o and_o walk_v in_o the_o way_n of_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n as_o do_v the_o house_n of_o ahab_n and_o wrought_v that_o which_o be_v evil_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v express_o in_o the_o text_n that_o the_o city_n of_o libna_n revolt_v from_o his_o hand_n because_o he_o have_v forsake_v the_o god_n of_o his_o father_n i_o bring_v not_o these_o instance_n to_o justify_v rebellion_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v sometime_o practise_v among_o the_o jew_n though_o you_o affirm_v to_o the_o contrary_n but_o much_o more_o lawful_a be_v the_o resistance_n which_o azariah_n and_o the_o 80_o priest_n 26._o that_o be_v with_o he_o
make_v against_o king_n vzziah_n when_o he_o will_v have_v burn_v incense_n in_o the_o temple_n pray_v turn_n with_o i_o to_o the_o place_n and_o read_v what_o be_v there_o say_v and_o they_o viz._n the_o priest_n withstand_v uzziah_n the_o king_n and_o say_v unto_o he_o it_o appertain_v not_o unto_o thou_o uzziah_n 18._o to_o burn_v incense_n unto_o the_o lord_n but_o to_o the_o priest_n the_o son_n of_o aaron_n that_o be_v consecrate_v to_o burn_v incense_n go_v out_o of_o the_o sanctuary_n for_o thou_o have_v trespass_v neither_o shall_v it_o be_v for_o thy_o honour_n etc._n etc._n and_o when_o he_o persist_v therein_o and_o take_v the_o censer_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o burn_v incense_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o leprosy_n arise_v in_o his_o forehead_n the_o priest_n thrust_v he_o out_o of_o the_o temple_n the_o lxx_o render_v it_o highpriest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n they_o resist_v he_o josephus_n say_v they_o drive_v he_o out_o in_o haste_n so_o that_o you_o see_v they_o go_v somewhat_o far_o than_o solomon_n question_n who_o may_v say_v to_o a_o king_n what_o do_v thou_o and_o which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a they_o withstand_v he_o before_o the_o leprosy_n rise_v upon_o his_o forehead_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o they_o will_v have_v do_v the_o same_o to_o he_o whether_o that_o judgement_n have_v happen_v or_o not_o since_o he_o go_v about_o to_o usurp_v the_o priest_n office_n it_o not_o be_v so_o much_o as_o lawful_a for_o he_o that_o be_v no_o priest_n to_o set_v his_o foot_n within_o the_o temple_n but_o if_o you_o look_v into_o the_o history_n of_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n after_o their_o division_n from_o judah_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o teach_v we_o these_o lesson_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n that_o you_o will_v scarce_o find_v any_o other_o manner_n of_o succession_n among_o they_o but_o the_o kill_v of_o one_o king_n and_o the_o set_n up_o another_o and_o jehu_n for_o rebel_a against_o and_o destroy_v the_o house_n of_o ahab_n have_v the_o crown_n entail_v by_o god_n promise_v to_o his_o posterity_n unto_o the_o four_o generation_n 10.30_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o produce_v any_o of_o these_o example_n as_o fit_v for_o our_o imitation_n at_o this_o day_n since_o what_o jehu_n do_v be_v do_v by_o god_n express_a warrant_n and_o command_n yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v sufficient_a evidence_n that_o neither_o the_o person_n or_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n or_o israel_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o so_o sacred_a and_o irresistible_a by_o their_o subject_n as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o be_o glad_a you_o be_v so_o ingenuous_a to_o confess_v that_o most_o of_o these_o example_n you_o have_v bring_v of_o the_o resistance_n and_o murder_v commit_v by_o the_o jew_n and_o israelite_n upon_o their_o king_n be_v not_o lawful_a or_o can_v be_v propose_v for_o the_o imitation_n of_o christian_a subject_n and_o if_o so_o pray_v make_v what_o other_o use_n of_o they_o you_o please_v since_o à _fw-la facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n after_o nadab_n the_o son_n of_o jeroboam_fw-la be_v very_o confuse_v god_n stir_v up_o some_o or_o other_o to_o rebel_n against_o they_o 16.7_o and_o make_v they_o away_o as_o a_o punishment_n for_o their_o former_a rebellion_n and_o idolatry_n thus_o baasha_n kill_v nadab_n the_o son_n of_o jeroboam_fw-la and_o reign_v in_o his_o stead_n and_o for_o this_o and_o his_o other_o sin_n god_n threaten_v evil_a against_o baasha_n and_o against_o his_o house_n zimri_n slay_v elah_n the_o son_n of_o baasha_n but_o he_o do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o have_v usurp_v by_o treason_n and_o murder_n for_o he_o reign_v but_o seven_o day_n in_o tirza_n which_o be_v besiege_a and_o take_v by_o omri_n 18._o he_o go_v to_o the_o palace_n and_o burn_v the_o king_n house_n over_o he_o with_o fire_n and_o die_v this_o example_n jezebel_n threaten_v jehu_n with_o 31._o have_v zimri_n peace_n who_o slay_v his_o master_n and_o yet_o nadab_n and_o elah_n be_v both_o of_o they_o very_o wicked_a prince_n and_o if_o that_o will_v justify_v treason_n and_o murder_n both_o baasha_n and_o zimri_n have_v be_v very_o innocent_a but_o as_o for_o the_o example_n of_o iehu_n kill_n his_o master_n king_n joram_n you_o say_v it_o be_v by_o the_o particular_a command_n of_o god_n and_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v produce_v as_o a_o example_n for_o rebellion_n and_o the_o murder_n of_o prince_n by_o the_o general_n of_o their_o army_n than_o that_o because_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v a_o power_n give_v they_o by_o god_n to_o extirpate_v and_o destroy_v those_o seven_o nation_n who_o country_n god_n have_v give_v they_o to_o inherit_v therefore_o they_o have_v a_o like_a right_o to_o destroy_v all_o other_o nation_n whatsoever_o that_o lie_v near_o they_o and_o therefore_o those_o action_n in_o scripture_n which_o be_v sometime_o command_v by_o god_n for_o the_o bring_n about_o the_o great_a design_n of_o his_o providence_n by_o those_o human_a mean_n that_o may_v seem_v unjust_a to_o we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v produce_v for_o authority_n nor_o allege_v as_o example_n f._n i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o and_o i_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v that_o particular_a private_a man_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v shall_v disturb_v the_o common_a wealth_n and_o murder_v their_o lawful_a prince_n though_o wicked_a or_o idolatrous_a only_o to_o satisfy_v their_o own_o private_a zeal_n or_o ambition_n and_o to_o set_v up_o themselves_o who_o perhaps_o be_v altogether_o as_o oâ—d_v or_o worse_o than_o he_o they_o depose_v or_o make_v away_o but_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o produce_v these_o to_o convince_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o better_a example_n for_o loyalty_n or_o passive_a obedience_n among_o the_o jew_n than_o other_o nation_n and_o therefore_o that_o your_o example_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n do_v hitherto_o prove_v insignificant_a yet_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o passage_n wherein_o by_o follow_v the_o ordinary_a english_a translation_n you_o fall_v into_o a_o great_a mistake_n where_o you_o make_v baasha_n to_o be_v slay_v by_o zimri_n because_o he_o kill_v nadab_n which_o as_o it_o be_v there_o render_v in_o the_o english_a be_v false_a for_o the_o word_n in_o 〈◊〉_d translation_n be_v because_o he_o kill_v he_o viz._n jeroboam_fw-la to_o who_o it_o there_o immediate_o relate_v which_o be_v false_a for_o baasha_n do_v not_o kill_v jeroboam_fw-la but_o nadab_n his_o son_n neither_o be_v it_o suitable_a to_o god_n justice_n to_o destroy_v baasha_n for_o that_o which_o he_o himself_o have_v ordain_v he_o to_o do_v for_o god_n by_o jehu_n the_o prophet_n say_v to_o baasha_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o exalt_v thou_o out_o of_o the_o dust_n and_o make_v thou_o prince_n over_o my_o people_n israel_n and_o thou_o have_v walk_v in_o the_o way_n of_o jeroboam_n and_o have_v make_v my_o people_n israel_n to_o sin_n to_o provoke_v i_o to_o anger_n by_o their_o sin_n and_o therefore_o the_o text_n conclude_v this_o narration_n with_o there_o word_n that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n come_v against_o baasha_n and_o against_o his_o house_n even_o for_o all_o the_o evil_n which_o he_o do_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o provoke_v he_o to_o anger_v with_o the_o work_n of_o his_o hand_n in_o be_v like_o the_o housâ—_n of_o jeroboam_n but_o the_o word_n which_o immediate_o follow_v and_o because_o he_o kill_v he_o i._n e._n jeroboam_fw-la can_v be_v true_o render_v in_o our_o english_a translation_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v and_o therefore_o the_o best_a critic_n upon_o this_o place_n translate_v it_o thus_o leave_v out_o and_o therefore_o he_o viz._n the_o lord_n smite_v he_o i._n e._n nadab_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o baasha_n whereas_o our_o translation_n make_v the_o scripture_n to_o contradict_v itself_o i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o observe_v from_o this_o history_n of_o the_o king_n and_o chron._n and_o therefore_o i_o pray_v proceed_v to_o what_o other_o testimony_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v m._n well_o i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v it_o much_o more_o plain_a from_o other_o example_n and_o precept_n out_o of_o scripture_n that_o the_o jew_n be_v not_o only_o under_o high_a obligation_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n 35._o after_o they_o be_v carry_v captive_n to_o babylon_n but_o also_o not_o to_o resist_v they_o though_o they_o go_v about_o to_o exercise_v their_o power_n never_o so_o cruel_o and_o tyrannical_o even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n now_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n have_v give_v they_o a_o express_a command_n seek_v the_o peace_n
of_o the_o city_n whither_o i_o have_v cause_v you_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o captive_n 29.7_o and_o pray_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o it_o for_o in_o the_o peace_n thereof_o you_o shall_v have_v peace_n which_o make_v it_o a_o necessary_a duty_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o power_n under_o who_o government_n they_o live_v and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o mordecai_n discover_v the_o treason_n of_o bigthana_n 6.2_o and_o teresh_a two_o of_o the_o king_n chamberlain_n the_o keeper_n of_o the_o door_n who_o seek_v to_o lay_v hand_n on_o the_o king_n ahasuerus_n 41._o and_o how_o numerous_a and_o powerful_a the_o jew_n be_v at_o this_o time_n and_o what_o great_a disturbance_n they_o can_v have_v give_v to_o the_o empire_n appear_v evident_o from_o the_o book_n of_o esther_n king_n ahasuerus_n upon_o the_o suggestion_n of_o haman_n have_v grant_v a_o decree_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v send_v into_o all_o the_o province_n write_a and_o seal_v with_o the_o king_n ring_n this_o decree_n can_v never_o be_v reverse_v again_o for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n and_o therefore_o when_o esther_n have_v find_v favour_n with_o the_o king_n all_o that_o can_v be_v do_v for_o the_o jew_n be_v to_o grant_v another_o decree_n for_o they_o to_o defend_v themselves_o which_o according_o be_v do_v and_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v that_o the_o jew_n at_o shusan_n slay_v 300_o man_n and_o the_o jew_n of_o the_o other_o province_n slay_v 75000_o and_o rest_v from_o their_o enemy_n 17._o without_o this_o decree_n mordecai_n do_v not_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o resist_v which_o yet_o be_v a_o case_n of_o as_o great_a extremity_n and_o barbarous_a cruelty_n as_o can_v ever_o happen_v which_o make_v he_o put_v esther_n upon_o so_o hazardous_a a_o attempt_n as_o to_o venture_v into_o the_o king_n presence_n without_o be_v call_v which_o be_v death_n by_o their_o law_n unless_o the_o king_n shall_v gracious_o hold_v out_o the_o golden_a sceptre_n to_o they_o 11._o yet_o when_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o decree_n they_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o to_o destroy_v their_o enemy_n which_o be_v as_o famous_a a_o example_n of_o passive_a obedience_n as_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o history_n and_o pray_v see_v here_o what_o the_o prophet_n daniel_n acknowledge_v to_o belteshazzar_n 19_o the_o most_o high_a god_n give_v nebucadnezzar_n thy_o father_n a_o kingdom_n and_o majesty_n and_o glory_n and_o honour_n and_o for_o the_o majesty_n that_o he_o give_v he_o all_o people_n nation_n and_o language_n tremble_v and_o fear_v before_o he_o who_o he_o will_v be_v slaw_v and_o who_o he_o will_v be_v keep_v alive_a and_o who_o he_o will_v be_v set_v up_o and_o who_o he_o will_v â—e_v pull_v down_o and_o if_o these_o heathen_a king_n receive_v such_o a_o power_n from_o god_n as_o the_o prophet_n here_o affirm_v st._n paul_n have_v make_v the_o application_n of_o it_o that_o he_o that_o resist_v resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o i_o think_v these_o example_n may_v serve_v out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o say_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n who_o be_v both_o a_o prophet_n and_o a_o king_n 4._o where_o the_o word_n of_o a_o king_n be_v there_o be_v power_n and_o who_o may_v say_v unto_o he_o what_o do_v thou_o f._n though_o this_o last_o proof_n be_v the_o stong_a you_o have_v yet_o bring_v yet_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o reach_v the_o point_n in_o question_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o resistance_n whatsoever_o though_o for_o save_v the_o life_n of_o a_o whole_a nation_n can_v be_v lawful_a i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n of_o pray_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o city_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v away_o captive_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o those_o benefit_n of_o protection_n and_o enjoy_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n without_o be_v make_v slave_n though_o they_o have_v be_v carry_v captive_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o remove_v they_o out_o of_o one_o country_n and_o settle_v they_o in_o another_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a prince_n of_o those_o time_n when_o they_o will_v by_o remove_v of_o the_o best_a and_o great_a of_o the_o people_n out_o of_o a_o conquer_a country_n prevent_v their_o rebel_n against_o they_o as_o they_o have_v do_v before_o but_o that_o they_o enjoy_v a_o property_n in_o their_o land_n and_o estate_n after_o their_o captivity_n be_v certain_a by_o the_o prophet_n command_v they_o to_o build_v and_o plant_v vineyard_n in_o the_o country_n of_o babylon_n during_o the_o 70_o year_n captivity_n foretell_v by_o he_o from_o god_n so_o likewise_o i_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v a_o necessary_a duty_n in_o subject_n though_o stranger_n to_o be_v faithful_a and_o obedient_a to_o those_o prince_n and_o state_n under_o who_o government_n they_o live_v and_o therefore_o mordecai_n no_o doubt_v perform_v his_o duty_n when_o he_o discover_v the_o treason_n of_o the_o king_n chamberlain_n that_o think_v to_o kill_v he_o but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o main_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o jew_n to_o resist_v those_o who_o be_v impower_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o king_n ahasuerâ—â—_n to_o massacre_n and_o destroy_v they_o i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v with_o you_o about_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o but_o only_o in_o this_o particular_a 8.11_o that_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v till_o the_o king_n have_v issue_v out_o a_o second_o decree_n wherein_o he_o grant_v the_o jew_n which_o be_v in_o every_o city_n to_o gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o to_o stand_v for_o their_o life_n to_o destroy_v to_o slay_v and_o cause_n to_o perish_v all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n and_o province_n that_o shall_v assault_v they_o etc._n etc._n and_o to_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o for_o a_o prey_n without_o which_o decree_n you_o suppose_v mordecai_n do_v not_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o resist_v though_o it_o be_v a_o case_n of_o as_o great_a extremity_n as_o can_v ever_o happen_v and_o that_o therefore_o esther_n be_v put_v upon_o so_o hazardous_a a_o attempt_n as_o to_o venture_v to_o obtain_v this_o decree_n though_o with_o the_o peril_n of_o her_o life_n but_o that_o when_o they_o have_v once_o obtain_v it_o they_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o enable_v to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o destroy_v their_o enemy_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o do_v not_o fair_o represent_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o story_n for_o it_o no_o where_o appear_v in_o the_o text_n though_o you_o be_v please_v to_o add_v it_o that_o mordecai_n do_v not_o think_v it_o lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o resist_v till_o this_o decree_n be_v obtain_v for_o it_o be_v only_o there_o say_v that_o he_o send_v esther_n to_o the_o king_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o she_o come_v into_o his_o presence_n she_o fall_v down_o at_o his_o foot_n and_o beseech_v he_o with_o tear_n to_o put_v away_o the_o mischief_n of_o haman_n the_o agagite_n 8.5_o pray_v read_v the_o word_n and_o she_o say_v if_o it_o please_v the_o king_n and_o if_o i_o have_v find_v favour_n in_o his_o fight_n and_o the_o thing_n seem_v right_a before_o the_o king_n and_o i_o be_v please_v in_o his_o eye_n let_v it_o be_v write_v to_o reverse_v the_o letter_n devise_v by_o haman_n the_o son_n of_o hammedatha_n the_o agagite_n which_o he_o write_v to_o destroy_v the_o jew_n which_o be_v in_o all_o the_o king_n province_n by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v that_o esther_n request_n be_v not_o for_o a_o liberty_n to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_a to_o try_v if_o she_o can_v get_v the_o king_n to_o reverse_v the_o first_o decree_n obtain_v by_o haman_n to_o destroy_v they_o but_o because_o the_o king_n decree_n when_o once_o issue_v out_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reverse_v therefore_o he_o issue_v this_o second_o decree_n to_o give_v the_o jew_n a_o legal_a or_o civil_a power_n to_o gather_v themselves_o together_o and_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n against_o all_o that_o shall_v assault_v they_o 9.3_o which_o be_v so_o far_o obey_v that_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o province_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n instead_o of_o destroy_v help_v the_o jew_n because_o say_v the_o text_n the_o fear_n of_o mordecai_n fall_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o own_o this_o decree_n give_v they_o a_o legal_a power_n to_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n and_o do_v likewise_o
resistance_n of_o our_o prince_n be_v a_o sin_n it_o be_v not_o the_o less_o but_o the_o great_a sin_n the_o great_a and_o the_o more_o formidable_a the_o resistance_n be_v and_o it_o will_v very_o much_o unbecome_v the_o gravity_n and_o sacredness_n of_o a_o apostolical_a precept_n to_o enjoin_v subjection_n to_o private_a christian_n who_o dare_v not_o who_o can_v resist_v alone_o but_o to_o leave_v a_o powerful_a combination_n of_o rebel_n at_o liberty_n to_o resist_v 107._o so_o that_o every_o soul_n must_v signify_v all_o subject_n whether_o single_a or_o unite_a for_o whatever_o be_v unlawful_a for_o every_o single_a person_n consider_v as_o a_o subject_a be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o all_o together_o for_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v as_o much_o a_o subject_n to_o the_o high_a power_n as_o any_o single_a man._n thus_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v in_o our_o government_n where_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n own_v themselves_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n and_o have_v by_o public_a law_n disclaim_v all_o power_n of_o raise_v any_o war_n either_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o the_o king_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o high_a power_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o any_o nation_n in_o whosoever_o it_o be_v place_v whether_o in_o the_o king_n as_o in_o monarchical_a government_n or_o in_o the_o noble_n as_o in_o aristocratical_a or_o in_o the_o people_n as_o in_o democracy_n at_o the_o time_n of_o write_v this_o epistle_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v in_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o therefore_o when_o st._n paul_n command_v the_o roman_a christian_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n the_o plain_a meaning_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n 2.13_o and_o thus_o st._n peter_n explain_v it_o be_v subject_n to_o every_o ordinance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o lord_n sake_n whether_o to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o word_n use_v in_o this_o text_n as_o to_o he_o who_o have_v a_o supereminent_a power_n and_o be_v above_o all_o other_o as_o also_o unto_o governor_n that_o be_v send_v by_o he_o etc._n etc._n from_o which_o text_n epiphanius_n prove_v that_o subordinate_a magistrate_n under_o the_o king_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o power_n of_o under-officer_n since_o it_o be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v resist_v than_o the_o king_n be_v from_o who_o it_o be_v derive_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v very_o tedious_a in_o answer_v your_o long_a speech_n since_o a_o small_a share_n of_o natural_a reason_n and_o grammar_n will_v do_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v as_o short_a as_o i_o can_v i_o do_v free_o acknowledge_v that_o not_o only_o private_a man_n but_o whole_a nation_n be_v by_o this_o precept_n of_o st._n paul_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n without_o any_o rebellion_n against_o they_o as_o well_o as_o particular_a person_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v power_n ordain_v by_o god_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o shall_v consider_v what_o be_v the_o true_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o if_o it_o be_v once_o discover_v you_o will_v find_v it_o carry_v its_o own_o limitation_n along_o with_o it_o for_o it_o exclude_v both_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o also_o the_o illegal_a and_o wicked_a exercisâ—_n of_o it_o and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v the_o learned_a dr._n sanderson_n in_o his_o lecture_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n where_o in_o his_o 5_o thâ—ecture_n â—ecture_z §_o 12._o as_o i_o remember_v he_o speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o objection_n that_o then_o all_o those_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n that_o be_v of_o compel_v those_o who_o be_v under_o their_o power_n to_o perform_v their_o command_n ought_v then_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o conscience_n his_o answer_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o power_n he_o mean_v and_o on_o which_o alone_o lie_v the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n be_v not_o that_o power_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v natural_a or_o physical_a power_n or_o force_n or_o else_o that_o which_o be_v only_a de_fw-fr facto_fw-la by_o which_o any_o one_o be_v able_a to_o do_v whatever_o he_o please_v without_o any_o hindrance_n but_o that_o power_n which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v lawful_a power_n or_o of_o right_n to_o wit_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o have_v it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nation_n or_o civil_a constitution_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o person_n who_o bear_v it_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o to_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o lawful_a authority_n the_o apostle_n do_v now_o so_o much_o press_v a_o exact_a obedience_n that_o he_o name_v it_o five_o time_n in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o verse_n but_o say_v not_o one_o word_n of_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o force_v so_o far_o he_o and_o if_o our_o translator_n of_o this_o place_n have_v render_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d authority_n instead_o of_o power_n as_o they_o have_v render_v it_o in_o other_o place_n and_o as_o they_o be_v force_v to_o do_v in_o the_o first_o of_o peter_n ch._n 3._o ver._n 22._o where_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d come_v together_o in_o the_o same_o verse_n they_o be_v force_v to_o render_v the_o former_a word_n by_o authority_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o power_n which_o if_o they_o have_v constant_o do_v they_o have_v effectual_o prevent_v the_o false_a application_n of_o this_o text_n since_o no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n can_v imagine_v that_o when_o a_o prince_n for_o example_n destroy_v oppress_v and_o enslave_v his_o subject_n he_o act_v thus_o as_o a_o lawful_a power_n or_o authority_n or_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o dr._n sanderson_n very_o well_o express_v it_o by_o any_o natural_a or_o municipal_a law_n much_o less_o can_v be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d true_a or_o just_a authority_n or_o power_n which_o be_v here_o mean_v by_o st._n paul_n to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n and_o that_o these_o word_n may_v be_v so_o render_v instead_o of_o the_o power_n that_o be_v scapulae_fw-la appear_v from_o plato_n who_o more_o than_o once_o have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o vera_fw-la potestas_fw-la true_a power_n or_o authority_n so_o that_o if_o this_o text_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o your_o sense_n this_o place_n of_o scripture_n will_v serve_v to_o countenance_n and_o defend_v all_o the_o tyranny_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n which_o the_o most_o wicked_a tyrant_n can_v commit_v all_o which_o must_v be_v ordain_v by_o god_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o equivocal_a word_n power_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o interpretation_n pray_v let_v we_o put_v these_o thing_n into_o the_o text_n instead_o of_o power_n and_o see_v how_o it_o will_v run_v then_o theâ—â—_n be_v no_o tyranny_n violence_n or_o oppression_n commit_v by_o prince_n or_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n but_o what_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n whosoever_o therefore_o resist_v this_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n you_o will_v say_v perhaps_o that_o this_o be_v not_o your_o meaning_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o true_a sense_n that_o must_v arise_v from_o your_o interpretation_n of_o this_o place_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o voice_n of_o god_n approve_v all_o just_a and_o lawful_a government_n and_o confirm_v from_o heaven_n those_o moral_a duty_n of_o submission_n obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n which_o be_v always_o due_a and_o must_v ever_o be_v to_o lawful_a authority_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n which_o you_o plain_o see_v be_v not_o due_a to_o mere_a force_n violence_n or_o cruelty_n for_o that_o be_v absolute_o exclude_v out_o of_o the_o text_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v of_o it_o the_o high_a power_n ordain_v by_o god_n have_v no_o commission_n from_o he_o for_o any_o of_o these_o wicked_a purpose_n m._n i_o doubt_v for_o all_o your_o confidence_n that_o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n 19_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n your_o or_o rather_o the_o dr_n criticism_n between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d will_v not_o do_v for_o they_o both_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o scripture_n either_o force_n and_o power_n or_o authority_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v under_o
a_o far_a end_n than_o this_o to_o bless_v and_o reward_v a_o virtuous_a nation_n or_o to_o punish_v a_o loose_a and_o degenerate_a age_n and_o there_o can_v be_v a_o great_a blessing_n than_o a_o wise_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n nor_o a_o great_a plague_n than_o a_o merciless_a tyrant_n and_o therefore_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v as_o much_o concern_v in_o set_v a_o good_a or_o a_o bad_a prince_n over_o any_o people_n as_o in_o reward_v or_o punish_v they_o upon_o this_o account_n god_n call_v the_o king_n of_o assyria_n the_o rod_n of_o his_o anger_n 10.5.6_o who_o he_o raise_v up_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o a_o hypocritical_a nation_n second_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o power_n in_o this_o text_n 121._o the_o apostle_n mean_v the_o person_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o his_o doctrine_n those_o prince_n who_o be_v then_o in_o be_v that_o be_v the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v advance_v by_o god_n the_o power_n that_o be_v that_o be_v the_o prince_n and_o emperor_n who_o now_o govern_v the_o world_n be_v ordain_v and_o appoint_v by_o god_n and_o that_o thus_o it_o be_v god_n himself_o tell_v we_o 5.6_o i_o have_v make_v the_o earth_n and_o give_v it_o to_o who_o it_o seem_v meet_v unto_o i_o and_o now_o i_o have_v give_v all_o these_o land_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o nabuchadnezzar_n king_n of_o babylon_n my_o servant_n this_o be_v also_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n under_o heathen_a and_o persecute_v emperor_n tertullian_n who_o write_v his_o apology_n under_o severuâ—_n assert_n that_o caesar_n be_v choose_v by_o god_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o christian_n have_v a_o peculiar_a propriety_n in_o caesar_n as_o be_v make_v emperor_n by_o their_o god_n so_o likewise_o st._n augustine_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o i_o remember_v god_n give_v happiness_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n to_o the_o godly_a alone_o but_o this_o earthly_a kingdom_n both_o to_o the_o godly_a and_o ungodly_a as_o it_o please_v he_o he_o that_o give_v the_o government_n to_o marius_n give_v it_o also_o to_o caesar_n he_o who_o give_v it_o to_o augustus_n give_v it_o also_o to_o neroâ—â—_n he_o who_o give_v it_o to_o the_o vespasian_n father_n and_o son_n most_o belove_a emperor_n give_v it_o also_o to_o the_o most_o cruel_a domitian_n and_o not_o to_o recount_v the_o rest_n of_o they_o he_o who_o give_v it_o to_o constantine_n the_o christian_n give_v it_o also_o to_o the_o apostate_n julian._n these_o thing_n without_o doubt_n the_o only_a true_a god_n govern_v as_o he_o please_v by_o cause_n though_o hide_a yet_o not_o unjust_a so_o likewise_o almost_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o father_n do_v own_o that_o wicked_a and_o tyrannical_a prince_n be_v give_v as_o punishment_n to_o the_o people_n for_o their_o sin_n and_o so_o upon_o this_o account_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v and_o not_o resist_v since_o it_o be_v god_n will_n to_o have_v it_o so_o but_o as_o for_o usurper_n i_o think_v i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n 128._o for_o the_o most_o prosperous_a rebel_n be_v not_o the_o high_a power_n while_o our_o natural_a prince_n to_o who_o we_o owe_v obedience_n and_o subjection_n be_v in_o be_v and_o therefore_o though_o such_o man_n may_v get_v the_o power_n into_o their_o hand_n by_o god_n permission_n yet_o not_o by_o god_n ordinance_n and_o he_o who_o resist_v they_o do_v not_o resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n but_o the_o usurpation_n of_o men._n whereas_o in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n the_o king_n never_o die_v but_o the_o same_o minute_n that_o the_o natural_a person_n of_o a_o king_n die_v the_o crown_n descend_v upon_o the_o next_o of_o blood_n and_o therefore_o he_o who_o rebell_v against_o the_o father_n and_o murder_v he_o continues_z a_o rebel_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o son_n which_o commence_v with_o his_o father_n death_n it_o be_v otherwise_o indeed_o where_o none_o can_v pretend_v a_o great_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o the_o usurper_n for_o there_o the_o possession_n of_o power_n seem_v to_o give_v a_o right_n thus_o many_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o very_o ill_a mean_n 129._o but_o when_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o it_o they_o be_v then_o the_o high_a power_n for_o the_o empire_n do_v not_o descend_v by_o inheritance_n but_o sometime_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o senate_n sometime_o of_o the_o army_n and_o sometime_o by_o force_n and_o power_n which_o always_o draw_v a_o consent_n and_o submission_n after_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o direct_v the_o christian_n to_o inquire_v by_o what_o title_n the_o emperor_n hold_v their_o crown_n but_o command_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o power_n in_o their_o hand_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o supreme_a and_o sovereign_a power_n be_v title_n enough_o when_o there_o be_v no_o better_a title_n to_o oppose_v against_o it_o for_o than_o we_o must_v presume_v that_o god_n give_v he_o the_o irresistible_a authority_n of_o a_o king_n to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o irresistible_a power_n which_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n whereby_o monarchy_n and_o empire_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o there_o be_v two_o example_n in_o scripture_n which_o manifest_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n after_o the_o ten_o tribe_n have_v divide_v from_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n and_o the_o family_n of_o david_n where_o god_n have_v not_o entail_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o any_o certain_a family_n for_o after_o jeroboam_fw-la the_o first_o king_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o story_n in_o the_o book_n of_o king_n and_o chronicle_n that_o for_o some_o succession_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o rebellion_n and_o the_o murder_n of_o one_o king_n by_o another_o so_o that_o the_o kingdom_n rare_o descend_v from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o son_n and_o in_o the_o whole_a succession_n of_o these_o king_n it_o only_o remain_v in_o the_o house_n of_o jeâ—u_n for_o four_o generation_n and_o then_o it_o return_v to_o its_o former_a uncertainty_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o 15_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o 2_o d._n of_o king_n 131._o all_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o regular_a succession_n to_o a_o kingdom_n there_o possession_n of_o power_n make_v a_o king_n who_o yet_o can_v afterward_o be_v resist_v and_o oppose_v without_o the_o gild_n of_o treason_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o the_o write_n of_o this_o epistle_n and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n may_v then_o very_o well_o say_v that_o the_o power_n that_o be_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o that_o whoever_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o his_o hand_n be_v the_o supreme_a power_n that_o may_v not_o be_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o judah_n which_o god_n himself_o have_v entail_v on_o david_n family_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o example_n of_o joash_n and_o athaliah_n which_o we_o discourse_v of_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n but_o one_o which_o example_n plain_o show_v that_o no_o usurpation_n can_v extinguish_v the_o right_n and_o title_n of_o a_o natural_a or_o hereditary_a prince_n such_o usurper_n though_o they_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o though_o god_n for_o wise_a reason_n may_v sometime_o permit_v such_o usurpation_n yet_o whilst_o his_o providence_n secure_v the_o person_n of_o such_o depose_v and_o banish_v prince_n from_o violence_n he_o secure_v their_o title_n too_o but_o to_o prove_v more_o plain_o that_o no_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v make_v against_o the_o person_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n let_v they_o be_v never_o so_o cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a as_o it_o be_v evident_a not_o only_o from_o what_o st._n paul_n have_v here_o write_v but_o i_o shall_v crave_v leave_n to_o insist_v far_o on_o that_o text_n of_o st._n peter_n before_o cite_v in_o his_o 1_o sy_n epistle_n 2_o d._n chap._n submit_v yourselves_o to_o every_o ordinance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o lord_n sake_n 14._o whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a or_o unto_o governor_n as_o unto_o they_o that_o be_v send_v by_o he_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o evil_a doer_n and_o for_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o that_o do_v well_o where_o by_o ordinance_n of_o man_n whether_o we_o understand_v as_o some_o do_v every_o human_a law_n or_o with_o other_o more_o just_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o human_a creature_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a that_o be_v every_o man_n endue_v with_o supreme_a power_n it_o come_v all_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o the_o king_n as_o the_o
may_v they_o not_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n rid_v themselves_o of_o such_o a_o judgement_n as_o intolerable_a tyranny_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o do_v it_o since_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o like_o common_a dispensation_n of_o god_n providence_n or_o else_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o wickedness_n of_o one_o or_o more_o person_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o be_v more_o particular_o derive_v from_o god_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n for_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o which_o mean_n prince_n will_v have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o right_o over_o their_o subject_n body_n and_o estate_n as_o they_o have_v over_o those_o of_o their_o beast_n to_o sell_v kill_v and_o devour_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o people_n to_o remove_v natural_a judgement_n by_o 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cease_v and_o of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o example_n in_o the_o 2_o d._n of_o king_n chap._n 18._o for_o though_o ahaz_n the_o father_n of_o ezekiah_n have_v submit_v himself_o and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n yet_o when_o hâ—zekâ—ah_n his_o son_n turn_v to_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o be_v with_o he_o and_o that_o he_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n and_o serve_v he_o not_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v then_o as_o much_o subject_n to_o he_o as_o jehoiachin_n or_o zedekiah_n be_v afterward_o to_o nabuchadnezzar_n so_o that_o all_o that_o be_v new_a in_o this_o answer_n of_o you_o be_v only_o the_o fatal_a consequence_n that_o it_o will_v bring_v upon_o all_o family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o then_o forsooth_o children_n and_o servant_n may_v likewise_o pretend_v that_o the_o government_n of_o their_o father_n and_o master_n be_v so_o insupportable_a that_o it_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v endure_v and_o so_o may_v rebel_v 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scripture_n will_v not_o carry_v you_o through_o and_o therefore_o you_o will_v fain_o confute_v my_o argument_n by_o ridicul_v they_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o expedient_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v i_o think_v i_o may_v make_v this_o return_n 1._o as_o for_o petition_v when_o a_o government_n grow_v insupportable_a suppose_v then_o the_o prince_n declare_v he_o will_v not_o be_v petition_v in_o this_o matter_n but_o as_o the_o french_a king_n late_o do_v when_o the_o protestant_n will_v have_v petition_v he_o against_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o edict_n of_o nantes_n delight_v to_o see_v man_n ruin_v or_o suppose_v he_o lay_v any_o man_n by_o the_o heel_n that_o shall_v offer_v never_o so_o humble_o to_o petition_v he_o either_o in_o his_o own_o or_o the_o people_n behalf_n as_o king_n james_n late_o serve_v the_o bishop_n then_o this_o expedient_a can_v signify_v nothing_o as_o for_o the_o next_o fly_v into_o another_o country_n for_o succour_n that_o be_v a_o very_a 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against_o the_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n of_o his_o prince_n i_o grant_v such_o doctrine_n will_v serve_v to_o fill_v the_o world_n with_o rebellion_n war_n and_o confusion_n and_o may_v produce_v all_o those_o dreadful_a consequence_n you_o have_v here_o set_v forth_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n under_o such_o a_o tyranny_n as_o where_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v assault_v enslave_v and_o oppress_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v when_o he_o be_v safe_a i_o say_v in_o such_o case_n a_o tyrant_n may_v destroy_v more_o thousand_o of_o man_n ravish_v more_o woman_n and_o ruin_v more_o family_n and_o estate_n than_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o high_a resistance_n the_o people_n can_v make_v against_o he_o since_o they_o be_v mad_a if_o ever_o they_o make_v this_o resistance_n unless_o they_o be_v also_o moral_o sure_a either_o by_o their_o own_o strength_n or_o the_o assistance_n 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the_o ruin_n of_o mankind_n that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o they_o can_v be_v safe_a without_o it_o and_o though_o the_o punishment_n of_o prince_n who_o abuse_v their_o power_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o god_n almighty_a yet_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o resist_n of_o those_o who_o though_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n in_o their_o hand_n yet_o act_n as_o none_o of_o god_n minister_n be_v neither_o contrary_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nor_o nature_n m._n i_o perceive_v you_o want_v testimony_n out_o of_o scripture_n to_o justify_v your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v when_o press_v by_o these_o force_v to_o fly_v to_o your_o old_a refuge_n of_o self-defence_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o though_o i_o have_v be_v force_v to_o follow_v you_o and_o quit_v the_o method_n i_o propose_v to_o myself_o yet_o i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o know_v it_o be_v not_o for_o want_v of_o more_o text_n of_o scripture_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o far_o enforce_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o that_o place_n of_o the_o first_o of_o st._n peter_n 141._o submit_v yourselves_o to_o every_o ordinance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o lord_n sake_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a or_o unto_o governor_n as_o to_o they_o that_o be_v send_v by_o he_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o evil_a doer_n and_o for_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o that_o do_v well_o for_o this_o be_v the_o very_a same_o doctrine_n which_o st._n paul_n teach_v the_o roman_n let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n for_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v in_o the_o original_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o to_o submit_v and_o to_o be_v subject_n be_v the_o
law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o title_n of_o they_o which_o run_v thus_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la quae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la exoniae_fw-la consilio_fw-la adelâ—â—â—i_n regis_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la &_o iterum_fw-la apud_fw-la feuresham_n &_o tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la apud_fw-la thundresfeldium_fw-la ubi_fw-la hoc_fw-la definitum_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o confirmatum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o also_o king_n ethelred_n hold_v at_o london_n 992._o a_o great_a council_n and_o make_v law_n consilio_fw-la jussuque_fw-la regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la aethelredi_fw-la procerumque_fw-la suorum_fw-la de_fw-la tota_fw-la anglia_fw-it etc._n etc._n look_v also_o into_o the_o title_n of_o king_n ethelred_n law_n in_o bromptons_n chronicle_n where_o you_o will_v read_v these_o word_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la quod_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la condixerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la &_o augmentum_fw-la pacis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la apud_fw-la wodestocam_fw-la in_o mircena_n landa_n 894._o id_fw-la est_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la mircenorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o concilium_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v law_n or_o decree_n to_o instance_n in_o one_o more_o out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n still_o from_o the_o title_n to_o another_o set_a of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o same_o king_n 895._o hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la svi_fw-la constituerunt_fw-la apud_fw-la venetyngum_fw-la ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o felicitatis_fw-la incrementum_fw-la see_v likewise_o in_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n the_o first_o volume_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1024._o where_o canuâ—us_o rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o primatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la expulit_fw-la clericos_fw-la inhonesâ—e_fw-la viventes_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la sancti_fw-la edmundi_fw-la &_o monachos_fw-la in_o illâ_fw-la constituit_fw-la and_o the_o same_o king_n câ—â—te_n bestow_v divers_a land_n and_o other_o privilege_n on_o the_o monastery_n then_o call_v briadricesworth_n afterward_o st._n edmunds_n bury_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n by_o which_o he_o grant_v divers_a land_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la optimatum_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n the_o legislative_a or_o enact_v power_n be_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o sapientes_fw-la or_o wites_z conjunct_o with_o the_o king_n and_o that_o none_o of_o these_o saxon_a king_n can_v pass_v any_o law_n or_o make_v any_o considerable_a 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heavy_a and_o insupportable_a so_o they_o address_v themselves_o in_o their_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_n to_o have_v that_o yoke_n make_v easy_a and_o their_o burden_n light_a especial_o in_o such_o particular_n of_o which_o they_o be_v most_o sensible_a at_o the_o present_a time_n by_o this_o mean_n they_o obtain_v first_o to_o have_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o by_o the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o pour_v out_o their_o prayer_n and_o desire_n unto_o they_o do_v they_o obtain_v most_o of_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o be_v now_o remain_v of_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o third_z and_o k._n ed._n i._n from_o who_o aâ—_n also_o from_o hen._n i._n and_o k._n john_n we_o may_v derive_v all_o those_o privilege_n we_o now_o enjoy_v most_o of_o which_o as_o they_o be_v issue_v at_o the_o first_o either_o in_o form_n of_o charter_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n or_o else_o as_o proclamation_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n so_o 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o despotical_a power_n as_o you_o imagine_v over_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n for_o whether_o we_o consider_v they_o as_o norman_n french_a or_o fleming_n or_o whether_o as_o english_a it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o for_o if_o as_o dr._n b._n suppose_v these_o latter_a be_v quite_o turn_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o that_o they_o be_v by_o he_o whole_o give_v to_o the_o former_a then_o these_o french_a and_o norman_n be_v conqueror_n together_o with_o he_o will_v never_o have_v submit_v to_o any_o other_o government_n than_o what_o they_o enjoy_v in_o their_o own_o country_n each_o of_o which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o king_n or_o duke_n together_o with_o a_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o we_o find_v that_o when_o succeed_a king_n will_v have_v oppress_v and_o tyrannize_v over_o their_o heir_n and_o descendant_n they_o together_o with_o the_o old_a english_a take_v up_o arm_n and_o defend_v their_o liberty_n and_o never_o 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the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o residue_n be_v additional_a to_o supply_v some_o defect_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o that_o the_o learned_a chancellor_n fortescue_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o affirm_v in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr â—audibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o it_o be_v then_o govern_v in_o all_o king_n time_n by_o the_o same_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v now_o with_o who_o likewise_o agree_v one_o of_o his_o learned_a successor_n 110._o the_o late_a earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviâ—than_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o those_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o same_o which_o this_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o govern_v by_o to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n regranted_n and_o confirm_v they_o yet_o be_v it_o no_o more_o than_o 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general_a insurrection_n of_o the_o people_n so_o that_o if_o he_o or_o his_o son_n rufus_n make_v any_o breâ—ches_n upon_o their_o liberty_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la post_fw-la liminio_fw-la restore_v to_o they_o by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_n of_o hen._n i._n k._n stephen_n k._n hen._n ii_o k._n john_n and_o k._n hen._n the_o iii_o and_o those_o oppression_n contrary_a thereunto_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o historian_n as_o notorious_a perjury_n and_o wrong_n to_o the_o subject_n but_o that_o king_n william_n the_o first_o alter_v nothing_o material_a in_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n whatever_o he_o may_v do_v in_o some_o less_o material_a custom_n or_o law_n which_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v that_o he_o often_o assemble_v his_o great_a council_n as_o his_o english_a predecessor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o in_o they_o be_v dispatch_v all_o the_o great_a 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plain_o show_v we_o and_o when_o king_n william_n make_v law_n it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o make_v they_o so_o much_o as_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o not_o for_o the_o title_n to_o the_o french_a and_o latin_a copy_n of_o his_o law_n run_v thus_o put_v into_o english_a 206._o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n or_o subdue_a of_o the_o land_n they_o be_v the_o same_o which_o edward_n the_o king_n his_o kinsman_n before_o he_o observe_v in_o this_o preface_n we_o have_v only_o to_o note_n that_o the_o law_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o the_o supplemental_a law_n write_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n or_o grant_v thus_o wilhelmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la
and_o all_o along_o the_o authoritative_a part_n be_v express_v by_o statuimus_fw-la volumus_fw-la interdicimus_fw-la probibemus_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la so_o that_o by_o these_o expression_n in_o his_o law_n the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o point_n of_o law-giving_a be_v manifest_a i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o a_o very_a few_o authority_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o plain_a ordoricus_n vitalis_n say_v thus_o eamque_fw-la i._n e._n england_n gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la commodò_fw-la subegit_fw-la 853._o and_o eadmâ—r_o contemporary_a with_o the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o history_n thus_o 6._o usus_fw-la atque_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la patres_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o normannia_n solebâ—nt_fw-la in_fw-it anglia_fw-it scribere_fw-la volens_fw-la cuncta_fw-la divina_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o humana_fw-la ejus_fw-la nutum_fw-la expectabant_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o matter_n as_o well_o 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grant_n and_o authority_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o florence_n of_o worcester_n we_o find_v that_o in_o 28_o the_o of_o hen._n i._n that_o king_n confirm_v the_o act_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n 503._o and_o give_v his_o royal_a assent_n to_o they_o as_o for_o king_n stephen_n though_o he_o be_v a_o notorious_a usurper_n and_o set_v up_o 215._o and_o crown_v by_o a_o faction_n of_o bishop_n and_o some_o few_o temporal_a lord_n and_o that_o not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o in_o a_o great_a council_n at_o oxford_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o subject_n another_o charter_n of_o divers_a privilege_n and_o freedom_n from_o the_o former_a exaction_n yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n sole_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n observari_fw-la praecipio_fw-la &_o constituo_fw-la but_o richard_n prior_n of_o hexham_n alias_o hagulstad_v in_o his_o chronicle_n close_v his_o charter_n thus_o 1136._o haec_fw-la omne_fw-la concedo_fw-la &_o confirmo_fw-la salva_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o justa_fw-la dignitate_fw-la mea_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o never_o mean_v to_o part_v with_o any_o of_o the_o just_a and_o necessary_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n 54._o so_o likewise_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o a_o great_a or_o general_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o his_o grandfather_n but_o this_o charter_n also_o run_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n be_v own_o name_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o its_o be_v assent_v to_o either_o by_o the_o bishop_n or_o noble_n and_o as_o for_o the_o constitution_n make_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o clarendon_n though_o that_o king_n make_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n with_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o also_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o nobility_n all_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o yet_o the_o enact_v part_n proceed_v only_o from_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o very_a title_n thus_o assissae_fw-la henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la factae_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendon_n etc._n etc._n and_o mat._n paris_n conclude_v these_o constitution_n with_o decrevit_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o that_o decree_v and_o constitute_v those_o law_n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o of_o the_o great_a council_n in_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v time_n since_o he_o do_v not_o reign_v long_o enough_o to_o call_v many_o 419._o but_o in_o that_o hold_v at_o nottingham_n we_o find_v that_o the_o king_n diseize_v gerard_n de_fw-fr canville_n and_o other_o and_o that_o the_o king_n appoint_v to_o be_v give_v he_o two_o shilling_n on_o every_o carucate_n of_o land_n throughout_o england_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n rex_fw-la praecepit_fw-la constiâ—uit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o they_o be_v in_o this_o historian_n show_v that_o the_o king_n then_o have_v sole_o the_o authoritative_a power_n of_o pass_v all_o consultation_n of_o these_o council_n into_o bind_a law_n even_o where_o money_n be_v to_o be_v levy_v on_o the_o subject_n and_o that_o seizure_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o more_o troublesome_a and_o perplex_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o great_a council_n hold_v yet_o i_o shall_v instance_n but_o in_o some_o few_o of_o they_o mention_v in_o mat._n paris_n 201._o as_o that_o of_o st._n alban_n hold_v by_o jeffery_n fitzpeter_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n in_o this_o king_n absence_n where_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v firm_o enjoin_v under_o penalty_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o grandfather_n shall_v be_v keep_v by_o all_o in_o his_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o law_n have_v their_o force_n only_o from_o the_o king_n authority_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o expression_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la regis_fw-la firmiâ—er_fw-la est_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la and_o when_o afterward_o at_o runningmead_n he_o be_v compel_v to_o sign_v the_o first_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o own_v it_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n as_o well_o those_o who_o stand_v for_o he_o as_o against_o he_o yet_o that_o it_o proceed_v whole_o from_o his_o own_o good_a will_n be_v plain_a from_o the_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n of_o this_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n ad_fw-la emendationem_fw-la regui_fw-la nostri_fw-la spontanea_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la dedianus_fw-la concessimus_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la have_v libertates_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la from_o all_o which_o charter_n of_o liberty_n we_o may_v conclude_v 211._o that_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o their_o vote_n suffrage_n and_o authority_n and_o sometime_o such_o right_n or_o liberty_n have_v be_v bestow_v and_o declare_v by_o our_o king_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o discontinue_v appear_v by_o the_o answer_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n when_o no_o other_o answer_n will_v please_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o king_n be_v express_v assent_n to_o their_o petition_n in_o these_o word_n sole_a droâ—â—t_a faict_n comme_fw-fr esâ—_n desire_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o f._n i_o beseech_v you_o sir_n give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v already_o allege_v out_o of_o our_o hiâ—â—oâ—iâ—ns_n for_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o king_n before_o we_o proceed_v further_o to_o less_o obscure_a time_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o you_o have_v in_o this_o long_a speech_n of_o you_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o artifice_n of_o a_o advocate_n for_o a_o party_n viz._n in_o urge_v all_o that_o can_v any_o way_n make_v for_o you_o and_o sly_o pass_v over_o whatsoever_o may_v make_v against_o you_o and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o story_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o englishman_n in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v defer_v that_o question_n till_o anon_o but_o as_o for_o the_o english_a you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o french_a title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v not_o fair_o render_v for_o in_o the_o french_a it_o be_v apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n dâ—_n la_fw-fr â—erre_fw-fr which_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o subdue_a by_o force_n but_o by_o any_o other_o way_n of_o acquisition_n different_a
for_o the_o correction_n of_o the_o 12_o ch._n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n be_v sign_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o send_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bench_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o writ_n patent_n with_o a_o certain_a writ_n close_v date_v by_o the_o king_n hand_n at_o westminster_n 2_o maiâ—_n 9_o edw._n i_o require_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v and_o execute_v all_o and_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o it_o 51._o though_o the_o same_o do_v not_o accord_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n in_o all_o thing_n 19_o hen._n 3d._n a_o provision_n be_v make_v de_fw-fr assisa_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la which_o be_v continue_v and_o allow_v for_o a_o law_n until_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2_o which_o provide_v the_o contrary_a in_o express_a word_n so_o that_o in_o the_o old_a statute_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o distinguish_v what_o law_n be_v make_v by_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o what_o out_o of_o parliament_n especial_o when_o king_n call_v the_o peer_n only_o to_o parliament_n and_o of_o those_o how_o many_o or_o who_o they_o please_v as_o it_o appear_v ancient_o they_o do_v it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o council-table_n and_o a_o parliament_n or_o between_o a_o proclamation_n and_o a_o statute_n not_o but_o that_o i_o own_o in_o old_a time_n there_o be_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n special_a or_o privy_a council_n and_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o his_o special_a council_n do_v sit_v with_o the_o peer_n in_o parliament_n and_o be_v as_o part_v thereof_o and_o be_v of_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a authority_n there_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o recite_v as_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i._n where_o it_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o edward_n make_v at_o his_o i._o parliament_n by_o his_o council_n the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n 13_o ed._n one_a have_v these_o word_n the_o king_n for_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o council_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v and_o in_o articulis_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n there_o be_v these_o provision_n nevertheless_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v not_o intend_v and_o both_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n and_o all_o they_o tâ—at_o be_v present_a will_n and_o intend_v that_o the_o right_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n shall_v be_v save_v to_o he_o in_o all_o thing_n preamb._n and_o before_o these_o the_o commons_o often_o petition_v the_o king_n as_o 1_o edw._n 3d._n where_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v confirm_v the_o preamble_n be_v thus_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commonalty_n by_o their_o petition_n make_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n etc._n etc._n i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_a but_o that_o it_o be_v needless_a only_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o king_n council_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o time_n and_o perhaps_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o great_a council_n itself_o yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o give_v you_o one_o or_o two_o authority_n more_o to_o prove_v 234._o that_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o a_o council_n of_o his_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o wise_a man_n have_v sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o repâ—â—â—_n aâ—_n the_o statute_n make_v in_o a_o precedent_n parliament_n as_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o to_o his_o prerogative_n and_o right_n royal_a though_o grant_v by_o he_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o statute_n and_o for_o this_o 111._o you_o may_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o 15_o edward_n the_o 3d._n at_o large_a in_o pulton_n collection_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 20_o e._n 3._o that_o we_o viz._n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n 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cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la 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be_v sole_a authority_n you_o may_v indeed_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n urge_v
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o civil_a minister_n or_o else_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n or_o other_o employment_n none_o of_o they_o be_v hereditary_a in_o those_o time_n but_o all_o of_o they_o either_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n or_o else_o owe_v their_o honour_n and_o estate_n to_o his_o favour_n f._n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n you_o put_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o it_o have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o hereditary_a earldom_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o though_o both_o the_o earl_n and_o alderman_n may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la as_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n england_n as_o they_o do_v after_o that_o time_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o they_o sit_v there_o only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâ—motes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâ—ke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâ—â—â—es_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâ—s_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ—_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
believe_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o potent_a city_n of_o london_n tâ—â—_n câ—nterbury_n lincoln_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o the_o great_a consultation_n of_o give_v money_n and_o make_v law_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o german_a or_o gothick_n original_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n have_v still_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n though_o i_o do_v not_o positive_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v none_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o treatise_n you_o mention_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o may_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v much_o old_a than_o the_o time_n of_o edw_n iii_o and_o rich._n ii_o or_o else_o certain_o king_n hen._n iu._n or_o his_o chancellor_n for_o he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transmit_v a_o copy_n of_o this_o say_v modus_fw-la into_o ireland_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o be_v think_v to_o encroach_v so_o much_o on_o the_o prerogative_n have_v he_o not_o be_v very_o well_o inform_v of_o the_o antiquity_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o from_o some_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n not_o now_o extant_a though_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v of_o it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v than_o the_o time_n mr_n selden_n mention_n but_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o the_o thanes_z who_o i_o suppose_v make_v the_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o wittena_n geâ—â—â—er_n be_v not_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n yet_o they_o be_v great_a freeholder_n and_o though_o commoner_n yet_o gentleman_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o and_o the_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o country_n yet_o may_v be_v as_o well_o esteem_v their_o representative_n as_o they_o be_v now_o of_o freeholder_n under_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la lease-holders_n and_o copy-holders_n for_o year_n who_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n whereas_o these_o thanes_z be_v then_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a possessor_n of_o all_o the_o freehold_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o material_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o these_o thanes_z might_n at_o first_o owe_v those_o estate_n to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n and_o may_v also_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v their_o estate_n of_o they_o as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v settle_v by_o public_a law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o very_a right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n conquer_v this_o island_n from_o the_o britain_n yet_o those_o that_o assist_v they_o be_v only_a volunteer_n the_o chief_a officer_n or_o commander_n of_o they_o may_v not_o only_o deserve_v but_o also_o capitulate_v for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_v and_o these_o be_v give_v out_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o each_o man_n quality_n condition_n or_o desert_n may_v constitute_v those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thanes_z as_o those_o who_o hold_v likewise_o under_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n suppose_v till_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o these_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o argue_v that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n whereas_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n of_o whosoever_o hold_v make_v a_o thane_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n and_o we_o find_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n his_o weregild_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n be_v value_v but_o equal_a with_o that_o of_o a_o mass_n thanes_z or_o priest_n viz._n at_o 2000_o thrymsas_n so_o that_o a_o sufficient_a estate_n in_o land_n do_v not_o only_o make_v a_o man_n a_o gentleman_n but_o also_o give_v he_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o several_a alodoril_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v from_o all_o service_n and_o can_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o inferior_a lord_n and_o be_v those_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n qui_fw-la potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la que_fw-la â—â—but_fw-la nor_o be_v your_o argument_n conclusive_a that_o because_o in_o those_o time_n as_o well_o as_o now_o all_o land_n be_v hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v chargeable_a with_o those_o three_o general_a service_n you_o mention_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o therefore_o not_o only_o all_o man_n civil_a property_n but_o also_o their_o right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n by_o their_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o acquire_v the_o sole_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n thereof_o to_o themselves_o though_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o those_o man_n quality_n and_o desert_n who_o have_v help_v they_o in_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o such_o estate_n they_o have_v immediate_o thereupon_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o burden_n of_o the_o government_n lie_v chief_o on_o such_o as_o have_v estate_n in_o land_n and_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o great_a lord_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mycel_n synod_n â—â—_o wittenagemots_a which_o be_v render_v by_o our_o ancient_a glossarist_n numerosa_fw-la or_o popuâ—â—sa_fw-la conventio_fw-la as_o also_o the_o title_n and_o conclusion_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o title_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n where_o be_v often_o mention_v after_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o take_v in_o many_o more_o than_o the_o king_n thanes_z judges_z or_o other_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n m._n i_o will_v not_o long_o dispute_v the_o probability_n of_o what_o you_o say_v all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v that_o any_o other_o of_o a_o less_o degree_n than_o the_o king_n thanes_z of_o chief_a tenant_n have_v any_o place_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o old_a english_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o find_v as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n any_o representative_n of_o the_o common_a people_n mention_v such_o as_o be_v now_o much_o less_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o riches_n or_o power_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n before_o the_o conquest_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v because_o great_a city_n and_o town_n do_v or_o do_v late_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o like_a assembly_n in_o other_o country_n since_o our_o government_n may_v not_o only_o original_o differ_v in_o that_o from_o they_o but_o that_o also_o the_o send_n of_o those_o deputy_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o some_o late_a prince_n long_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v will_v prove_v so_o if_o close_o look_v into_o and_o in_o denmark_n which_o you_o know_v be_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n never_o send_v any_o
deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o 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you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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urge_v have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n to_o which_o it_o be_v ascribe_v it_o will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o word_n baronibus_fw-la not_o use_v in_o england_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o after_o that_o time_n by_o some_o ignorant_a monk_n to_o the_o confessor_n law_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o bring_v it_o viz._n that_o the_o vulâ—â—â—_n understand_v for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o law_n make_v by_o king_n aethelbert_n 298._o but_o how_o and_o by_o what_o word_n the_o legislator_n be_v express_v near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o law_n be_v make_v or_o how_o they_o be_v render_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n transient_o and_o without_o design_n to_o give_v a_o 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tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v
far_o confirm_v by_o several_a undeniable_a authority_n wherein_o by_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v be_v understand_v not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n but_o only_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v then_o properly_z speaking_z the_o only_a freeman_n be_v this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o nobility_n possess_v any_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n then_o call_v cheorl_n folk_n hold_v they_o in_o villanage_n under_o their_o lord_n or_o thanes_z be_v no_o better_a than_o mere_a villain_n or_o costager_n and_o who_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o the_o good_a behaviour_n every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v one_o for_o another_o in_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v or_o court_n of_o franc-pledge_a under_o their_o head_n or_o ten_o man_n call_v the_o tythingman_n who_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o such_o a_o free_a people_n nor_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o some_o suppose_v there_o be_v i_o believe_v no_o such_o person_n as_o our_o yeoman_n or_o farrier_n in_o those_o day_n f._n though_o perhaps_o this_o law_n may_v very_o well_o be_v transcribe_v from_o some_o old_a copâ—â—_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o in_o which_o there_o may_v be_v the_o word_n thanes_z instead_o of_o baronibus_fw-la which_o be_v but_o a_o translation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sense_n iâ—_n which_o it_o be_v use_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a which_o you_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v never_o in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n in_o ancient_a charter_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n contain_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n collect_v 〈◊〉_d the_o aforesaid_a sulcardus_n 7._o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n the_o charter_n itself_o be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la infra_fw-la basilicam_fw-la westmonast_n praesidente_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filio_fw-la svo_fw-la edwardo_n &_o archiepo_n dunstano_n &_o universis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n &_o baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o unknown_a before_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._o and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o other_o king_n charter_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o populus_fw-la for_o people_n or_o folk_n in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o take_v it_o as_o you_o suppose_v to_o 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archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o pâ—puli_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o clerus_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n represent_v by_o their_o proxy_n in_o this_o great_a synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o likewise_o present_a by_o their_o representative_n or_o else_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la have_v be_v idle_a tantology_n in_o this_o record_n and_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n it_o be_v also_o use_v by_o matt._n paris_n 223._o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen_n iii_o presentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la where_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o magnate_v and_o the_o populus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o word_n magnates_n will_v have_v comprehend_v all_o your_o great_a or_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n 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signify_v only_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o few_o word_n in_o reply_n to_o your_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o among_o the_o saxon_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o i_o can_v take_v it_o as_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v great_a slave_n than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n yet_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n or_o else_o villain_n as_o now_o understand_v since_o nitardus_fw-la tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n edelingi_n frilingâ—_n &_o lazzi_n i_o e._n gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n freeman_n and_o slave_n or_o villain_n and_o this_o middle_a sort_n of_o man_n may_v also_o possess_v land_n in_o allodio_n or_o free-tenure_n though_o they_o do_v also_o depend_v upon_o other_o great_a man_n for_o protection_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v those_o who_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n call_v in_o doomsday_n book_n 56._o commendate_n i._n e._n such_o who_o though_o they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o within_o the_o district_n of_o some_o great_a man_n lord_n or_o patron_n yet_o as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n tell_v we_o be_v free_a both_o as_o to_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o as_o swear_v to_o or_o hold_v of_o any_o but_o the_o king_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v also_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o city_n and_o burgh_n town_n and_o those_o very_a considerable_a for_o estate_n and_o other_o riches_n who_o though_o not_o noble_o bear_v and_o yet_o be_v freeman_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a
of_o walter_n of_o coventry_n 9o._o hen._n 3._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1225._o cotton_n you_o will_v find_v these_o word_n purificatione_n beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la convocantur_fw-la apud_fw-la london_n proceres_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibique_fw-la tractatu_fw-la habito_fw-la diffusiore_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la convocato_fw-la rex_fw-la concessit_fw-la libertates_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quam_fw-la regni_fw-la quam_fw-la forestae_fw-la sicut_fw-la cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la inde_fw-la confectae_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la liberatae_fw-la plenius_fw-la testantur_fw-la ibidemque_fw-la contessa_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la a_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la quintadecima_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la praeterquam_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v mat._n paris_n in_o his_o history_n of_o this_o year_n relate_v it_o thus_o 223._o rex_fw-la hen._n ad_fw-la natale_fw-la tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm._fw-la praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la igitur_fw-la ut_fw-la decebat_fw-la completa_fw-la hubertus_n de_fw-fr burgo_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regis_fw-la proposuit_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o to_o give_v you_o the_o rest_n in_o english_a the_o king_n here_o demand_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n upon_o which_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v with_o one_o accord_n answer_v that_o they_o will_v willing_o yield_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n if_o he_o will_v confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n have_v assent_v and_o seal_v they_o they_o grant_v the_o say_a supply_n from_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la so_o must_v by_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n the_o commons_o be_v under_o populus_fw-la or_o else_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o idle_a tautology_n when_o it_o be_v put_v as_o it_o be_v here_o distinct_a from_o magnates_n now_o though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o person_n express_o mention_v by_o these_o two_o historian_n to_o have_v be_v at_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n comprehend_v by_o they_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o proceres_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o do_v but_o read_v the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o 9th_o hen._n 3._o and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o beside_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n there_o be_v also_o present_a the_o knight_n freeholder_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o come_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n 3._o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o fines_n make_v 27_o edward_n 1._o be_v ordain_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la and_o yet_o no_o mention_n make_v either_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o yet_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o 9_o year_n after_o the_o 18_o of_o that_o king_n since_o which_o time_n the_o dr._n himself_o acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v always_o represent_v in_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o yet_o mat._n westminster_n speak_v of_o this_o parliament_n mention_n its_o order_n only_o in_o general_a word_n thus_o dominica_n secunda_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la citatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o conclude_v from_o the_o general_a and_o equivocal_a expression_n either_o of_o ancient_a statute_n or_o historian_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o in_o parliament_n because_o not_o particular_o mention_v i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a kind_a but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o use_v you_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o mat._n paris_n as_o to_z the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n magnate_v yet_o that_o all_o those_o historian_n that_o write_v immediate_o before_o or_o after_o he_o and_o continue_v his_o history_n do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n magnates_n &_o primate_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v the_o testimony_n of_o two_o approve_a author_n the_o first_o be_v thomas_n walsingham_n in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n who_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1313._o 6_o edw._n 2._o have_v these_o word_n recedâ—ns_n rex_fw-la de_fw-la berewici_fw-la partibus_fw-la pervenit_fw-la eboracum_n ubi_fw-la magnum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d clero_fw-la tenuit_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la universis_fw-la so_o likewise_o mat._n of_o westminster_n in_o his_o flores_n histor._n in_o the_o 24_o of_o edw._n 1._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1296._o relate_v a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmondsbury_n at_o which_o appear_v primate_fw-la ac_fw-la magnates_fw-la svi_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o quibus_fw-la novum_fw-la tallagium_fw-la postulavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n out_o of_o this_o author_n but_o i_o fear_v lest_o i_o shall_v tire_v you_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o hen._n de_fw-fr knighton_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr eventibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la where_o in_o 9_o hen._n 3._o he_o thus_o speak_v concern_v this_o king_n be_v grant_v the_o great_a charter_n post_fw-la haec_fw-la rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la concessis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la terra_fw-la dvas_fw-la chartas_fw-la unam_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n &_o aliam_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la ob_fw-la quam_fw-la causam_fw-la commune_v regni_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la quintam_fw-la decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la mobilium_fw-la &_o immobiliâ—m_n from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o this_o term_n magnate_v comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o likewise_o suppose_v the_o commons_o who_o he_o here_o call_v commune_v to_o have_v have_v a_o principal_a share_n not_o only_o in_o the_o pay_n but_o grant_v this_o great_a tax_n and_o forth_o far_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v what_o vv._n malmesbury_n say_v in_o his_o history_n when_o recite_v the_o speech_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n than_o the_o pope_n legate_n speak_v of_o the_o londoner_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n quì_n praecipui_fw-la habebantur_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it sicut_fw-la proceres_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o chief_a citizen_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n be_v reckon_v sicut_fw-la proceres_fw-la sure_o those_o they_o choose_v to_o represent_v they_o in_o parliament_n may_v much_o better_o deserve_v that_o title_n and_o thus_o likewise_o walsingham_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n 2._o tell_v we_o that_o he_o summon_v to_o a_o parliament_n at_o london_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o praelatos_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la variis_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o very_a year_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o expensis_fw-la militum_fw-la dorso_fw-la that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o as_o as_o well_o the_o lord_n so_o that_o you_o see_v they_o be_v all_o then_o comprehend_v by_o our_o historian_n under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o proceru_n regni_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la walsingham_n 5_o edw._n 2._o give_v we_o this_o account_n post_v natale_n dominicum_fw-la convenit_fw-la universa_fw-la multitudo_fw-la regni_fw-la nobilium_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la londoniis_fw-la now_o what_o be_v here_o mean_v by_o this_o multitudo_fw-la nobilium_fw-la may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o parliamentary_a writ_n of_o this_o year_n vv._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n wherein_o there_o be_v writ_n of_o summons_n for_o the_o commons_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v often_o style_v noble_a in_o latter_a time_n appear_v by_o a_o speech_n record_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n seven_o of_o rich._n 2._o to_o be_v speak_v by_o sir_n mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pool_n 1._o than_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o which_o begin_v thus_o ydist_n vous_fw-fr i._n e._n i_o say_v to_o you_o messeurs_n prelate_n &_o signior_n temporelx_n &_o vous_fw-fr mes_fw-fr compaignon_n les_fw-fr chivaler_n &_o autres_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr noble_a common_a de_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o word_n be_v then_o use_v in_o this_o sense_n among_o civilian_n from_o who_o we_o derive_v most_o of_o our_o title_n of_o dignity_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o large_a work_n of_o barthol_n cassaanaeus_fw
lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v 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fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o â—he_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n câ—â—itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempè_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la nèc_fw-la non_fw-la liberè_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicè_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiùâ—_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la â—iles_fw-la 〈◊〉_d fuisse_fw-la nèc_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiè_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o caâ—â—â—e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tractâ—tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a socâ—_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavaâ—ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n câ—â—den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la qâ—â—dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundiâ—_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o divers_a other_o order_n of_o man_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n about_o the_o time_n when_o you_o suppose_v this_o marvellous_a alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v his_o word_n be_v these_o et_fw-la sub_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n regibus_fw-la deuce_n comites_fw-la barones_n magnates_n sive_fw-la vavassores_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o deversa_fw-la potestates_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la constitutae_fw-la and_o a_o little_a far_o sunt_fw-la &_o alti_fw-la potentes_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la barones_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la robur_n belli_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la vavassores_fw-la viri_fw-la 〈◊〉_d dignitatis_fw-la from_o which_o word_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o he_o here_o make_v the_o magnates_n and_o the_o vavassores_fw-la or_o feudatory_a tenant_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o also_o rank_n they_o before_o the_o milites_fw-la now_o whether_o these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n
which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v here_o call_v noble_a though_o mere_a commoner_n and_o to_o obviate_v your_o objection_n that_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la after_o barones_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n that_o can_v not_o be_v for_o they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n have_v already_o write_v letter_n apart_o to_o the_o pope_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o author_n immediate_o before_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o these_o word_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o commons_o appear_v by_o their_o representative_n in_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o so_o become_v generalissimum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la as_o this_o historian_n call_v it_o m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o reply_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o matt._n westm_n to_o prove_v that_o under_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o barones_n &_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n and_o that_o after_o the_o time_n i_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o will_v not_o do_v your_o business_n and_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n about_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n only_o the_o word_n be_v in_o latin_a de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la as_o to_o the_o three_o instance_n out_o of_o knighton_n he_o say_v indeed_o that_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n meet_v at_o the_o parliament_n at_o stamford_n and_o that_o may_v very_o well_o be_v since_o they_o alone_o then_o insist_v upon_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o forest_n but_o as_o for_o the_o argument_n you_o draw_v from_o the_o direction_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n the_o learned_a dr._n in_o his_o treatise_n against_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a answer_n to_o it_o 106._o to_o this_o effect_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o the_o barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la there_o be_v divers_a other_o party_n mention_v yet_o be_v this_o troop_n of_o word_n put_v together_o in_o this_o letter_n to_o no_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o make_v a_o impression_n upon_o the_o pope_n and_o make_v he_o sensible_a what_o a_o general_a dislike_n the_o nation_n have_v of_o his_o exaction_n and_o encroachment_n and_o to_o induce_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n with_o their_o desire_n the_o multitude_n or_o commons_o not_o be_v any-way_n party_n or_o privy_a to_o the_o write_n of_o the_o letter_n for_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o great_a argument_n use_v in_o all_o these_o letter_n to_o affect_v the_o pope_n how_o ungrateful_a his_o imposition_n be_v to_o the_o nation_n but_o in_o this_o of_o the_o temporal_a baron_n more_o especial_o who_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n by_o petition_n enforce_v it_o by_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o people_n against_o those_o injury_n and_o oppression_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o repeat_v all_o that_o follow_v only_o observe_v this_o clause_n alioquin_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la veniant_fw-la scandala_fw-la clamoro_fw-la populi_fw-la tam_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la quam_fw-la nos_fw-la intolerabiliter_fw-la impellente_fw-la and_o the_o king_n likewise_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n aggravate_v the_o matter_n by_o the_o like_a argument_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o clause_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o they_o verum_fw-la clamorem_fw-la incomperabilem_fw-la magnatum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n non_fw-la possumus_fw-la obaudire_fw-la from_o this_o general_a clamour_n of_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o their_o be_v party_n it_o be_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o letter_n from_o the_o baronage_n or_o the_o university_n of_o england_n be_v stuff_v with_o so_o many_o word_n and_o phrase_n to_o awaken_v his_o holiness_n and_o invite_v he_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n f._n in_o return_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o convince_v that_o in_o the_o parliament_n mention_v by_o mat._n westm_n that_o the_o demand_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o since_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v there_o style_v divites_fw-la plebis_fw-la and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grieve_v by_o their_o infringement_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v party_n to_o the_o complaint_n for_o their_o redress_n especial_o since_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o succeed_a parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v mention_v as_o most_o eager_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n but_o as_o for_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o your_o answer_n to_o my_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n i_o know_v the_o dr._n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o avoid_v the_o force_n of_o this_o objection_n by_o make_v the_o parliament_n top_n upon_o his_o holiness_n mere_a empty_a word_n instead_o of_o matter_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n own_o phrase_n they_o only_o lay_v a_o airy_a ambuscade_n to_o entrap_v he_o but_o whether_o the_o old_a gentleman_n be_v thus_o like_a to_o be_v catch_v i_o give_v you_o leave_v to_o judge_v for_o certain_o both_o he_o and_o his_o consistory_n of_o cardinal_n know_v as_o well_o as_o the_o parliament_n itself_o what_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n thereof_o and_o they_o can_v quick_o have_v answer_v they_o that_o they_o put_v a_o mere_a shame_n upon_o his_o holiness_n in_o mention_v the_o noble_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea_n port_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o their_o letter_n whereas_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o do_v with_o the_o matter_n nor_o have_v show_v any_o dislike_n of_o his_o holiness_n proceed_n for_o if_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n in_o parliament_n how_o can_v it_o be_v know_v whether_o they_o be_v aggrieve_v or_o not_o or_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o nuncio_n or_o friend_n among_o the_o clergy_n to_o give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o the_o cheat_n they_o there_o put_v upon_o he_o and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v talk_v of_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o tinner_n in_o cornwall_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea_n port_n if_o it_o be_v only_o put_v in_o to_o augment_v the_o clamour_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o number_n of_o the_o complainants_n if_o the_o people_n i_o mean_v both_o nobility_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o be_v party_n of_o these_o letter_n but_o you_o yourself_o have_v but_o now_o recite_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n which_o make_v it_o plain_a it_o be_v so_o when_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o can_v not_o stop_v his_o ear_n against_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o magnate_v tam_fw-la clerâ—_n quam_fw-la populi_n i._n e._n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o of_o the_o laity_n as_o the_o dr._n render_v it_o so_o that_o these_o word_n clamorem_fw-la magnatum_fw-la must_v signify_v here_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o parliament_n or_o else_o they_o signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o i_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la never_o appear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o that_o these_o be_v also_o mere_a empty_a word_n to_o frighten_v the_o pope_n but_o what_o say_v you_o to_o the_o next_o precedent_n mr._n p._n produce_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o together_o have_v write_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 115._o when_o he_o attempt_v to_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o letter_n from_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 29_o of_o king_n edw._n i._n 1301._o wherein_o they_o assert_v the_o king_n superiority_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o desire_v that_o his_o holiness_n will_v desist_v from_o meddle_v far_o with_o it_o which_o letter_n though_o subscribe_v by_o above_o a_o hundred_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n yet_o it_o be_v say_v express_o in_o the_o conclusion_n in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la sigilla_fw-la tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la suâ—t_z opâ—pensa_fw-la m._n though_o this_o authority_n be_v after_o the_o time_n we_o acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o need_v not_o speak_v particular_o to_o it_o yet_o though_o i_o grant_v your_o argument_n have_v some_o weight_n in_o it_o since_o it_o here_o seem_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v sign_n this_o letter_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o themselves_o i_o shall_v endeavour_n to_o
answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v date_v feb._n 12_o the_o next_o follow_v at_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v discharge_v 14_o day_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o baron_n still_o continue_v to_o style_v themselves_o the_o community_n of_o england_n and_o both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n council_n do_v stay_v and_o dispatch_v much_o business_n after_o all_o other_o be_v dismiss_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o there_o recite_v proclamation_n and_o may_v be_v full_o prove_v from_o the_o proceed_n of_o that_o paâ—liament_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ryley_n plâ—cita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n for_o who_o the_o baron_n there_o name_v set_v their_o seal_n to_o that_o letter_n you_o mention_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o f._n i_o confess_v mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n four_o institutes_n be_v the_o first_o who_o start_v this_o objection_n that_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v present_a as_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n 9_o yet_o he_o still_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n who_o stay_v behind_o and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o great_a council_n at_o lincoln_n sign_v it_o not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o for_o the_o commons_o also_o though_o not_o actual_o there_o and_o be_v not_o so_o extravagant_a as_o your_o dr._n to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n in_o this_o letter_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o community_n of_o baron_n only_o for_o that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n indeed_o for_o so_o the_o last_o word_n communitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n will_v have_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o they_o subscribe_v for_o themselves_o and_o themselves_o and_o that_o the_o word_n cummaâ—â—tas_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o many_o example_n do_v then_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n must_v here_o mean_v more_o than_o your_o community_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v now_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n leave_v off_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o a_o body_n as_o be_v now_o represent_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o four_o institute_n that_o this_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o above_o 104_o earl_n and_o baron_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n in_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n be_v so_o far_o convince_v of_o this_o in_o his_o exact_a history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n that_o he_o â—tiles_v this_o letter_n 893._o the_o memorable_a epistle_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o there_o be_v no_o change_n neither_o of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n nor_o of_o the_o term_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v our_o ancient_a record_n appear_v by_o a_o plea_n among_o mr._n ryley_n print_a plea_n of_o parliament_n in_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n where_o it_o be_v recite_v 376._o that_o in_o a_o parliament_n at_o carlisle_n will._n de_fw-fr testa_n the_o pope_n clerk_n be_v impeach_v per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la concern_v divers_a new_a and_o intolerable_a grievance_n lay_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o pope_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o change_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la after_o the_o commons_o be_v as_o you_o suppose_v certain_o present_a in_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o well_o as_o now_o you_o have_v need_n give_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a against_o such_o clear_a evidence_n as_o this_o but_o this_o record_n go_v on_o and_o far_o recite_v that_o these_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la communitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la and_o in_o which_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la set_v forth_o the_o say_a grievance_n to_o the_o full_a now_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la here_o express_v all_o sort_n of_o degree_n of_o clergy_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o convocation_n so_o much_o populus_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o laity_n of_o both_o order_n as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o lord_n since_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o present_a at_o this_o parliament_n and_o why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n long_o before_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o the_o dr.'s_n bear_v assertion_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v be_v no_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n that_o they_o be_v discharge_v before_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o assertion_n for_o why_o can_v not_o the_o commons_o agree_v upon_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o leave_v the_o lord_n to_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o subscribe_v it_o for_o they_o after_o they_o be_v go_v home_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n if_o self_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o pope_n letter_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la ac_fw-la scriose_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecit_fw-la exponi_fw-la unde_fw-la habito_fw-la tractatu_fw-la &_o deliberationâ—_n diligenti_fw-la super_fw-la câ—â—tentis_fw-la in_o literis_fw-la vestris_fw-la memoratis_fw-la communis_fw-la concor_fw-la &_o unanimus_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singulâ—râ—m_fw-la consensus_fw-la suit_n etc._n etc._n now_o every_o one_o know_v that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o parliamentary_a affair_n that_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o record_n to_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o full_a parliament_n that_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o have_v be_v do_v all_o the_o estate_n be_v there_o present_a nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n since_o the_o very_a statute_n of_o that_o age_n be_v often_o say_v to_o have_v be_v assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o though_o it_o be_v clear_a they_o be_v not_o draw_v up_o into_o form_n till_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v dismiss_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v certain_o party_n to_o this_o letter_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o edw._n iii_o time_n print_v by_o mr._n pryn_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o find_v among_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o white-town_n which_o record_n contain_v the_o head_n of_o a_o defence_n compile_v by_o the_o king_n council_n in_o order_n to_o a_o strong_a defence_n against_o the_o pope_n take_v cognizance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o king_n of_o england_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o which_o record_n 895._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a article_n relate_v to_o this_o very_a letter_n now_o before_o we_o in_o these_o word_n item_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o procuratores_fw-la crâ—munitatis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la admittantur_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la domiâ—â—â—_n regem_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la defensiones_fw-la propenend_n prout_fw-la corum_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ab_fw-la avo_fw-la dicti_fw-la domâ—â—â—_n regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la â—rant_fw-la admissi_fw-la now_o to_o what_o transaction_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâ—ite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâ—ded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâ—dia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n or_o commons_o m_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o bring_v they_o lest_o i_o not_o only_o forget_v some_o of_o they_o but_o also_o tire_v both_o you_o and_o myself_o with_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n i_o hope_v i_o be_o very_a well_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o the_o learned_a dr.'s_n assistance_n dein_fw-ge that_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n here_o mention_v doâ—h_o signify_v not_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o laity_n there_o present_a consist_v of_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o matt._n paris_n call_v this_o council_n tota_n angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la 865._o and_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o king_n demand_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o they_o after_o much_o contest_v and_o upon_o promise_n to_o reform_v all_o abuse_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n thereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o church_n grant_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o revenue_n for_o three_o year_n and_o the_o knight_n or_o nobility_n grant_v for_o that_o year_n scutage_n to_o wit_n three_o mark_n of_o every_o scutum_n or_o knight_n 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la with_o light-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n his_o brother_n and_o several_a earl_n there_o name_v &_o aliorum_fw-la optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o other_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunicate_v and_o curse_v all_o those_o that_o from_o thence_o forward_o shall_v deprive_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v change_v alter_v or_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o those_o grant_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n arâ—hiâ—piscopis_n episcopis_fw-la &_o cateris_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o â—â—berè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o â—â—gland_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n for_o they_o only_o be_v such_o aâ—_n pay_v scutage_n which_o be_v at_o this_o â—ime_n a_o kind_n of_o composition_n with_o the_o king_n for_o the_o confirm_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o be_v never_o charge_v but_o upon_o knight_n fee_n and_o these_o be_v such_o that_o hold_v perhaps_o one_o narrow_a or_o scanty_a knight_n fee_n only_o or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o a_o half_a 3d_o four_o 6_o 8_o part_n etc._n etc._n who_o all_o pay_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o scutage_n to_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v pay_v first_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o collect_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la that_o come_v to_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v also_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o law_n for_o summons_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la and_o that_o other_o tenant_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o act_n 〈◊〉_d they_o all_o know_v how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o â—â—ey_n have_v give_v any_o away_o to_o other_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o as_o they_o do_v of_o the_o crown_n use_v answer_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n towards_o this_o tax_n for_o the_o fee_n quantity_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o fee_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o mistake_n 〈◊〉_d the_o scutage_n be_v ascertain_v so_o that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n be_v call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o upon_o so_o great_a 〈◊〉_d occasion_n and_o solemnity_n as_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n after_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a a_o manner_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o beside_o the_o baron_n all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a be_v present_a or_o at_o least_o most_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o tell_v you_o to_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o magnaâ—â—â—_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o pray_v let_v we_o put_v into_o english_a and_o see_v if_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v what_o i_o say_v viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v present_a with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o the_o word_n magnate_v as_o you_o affirm_v do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o word_n people_n put_v here_o as_o a_o distinct_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o to_o show_v you_o father_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laic_n but_o lord_n and_o knight_n of_o shire_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v show_v you_o out_o of_o walsingham_n anno_fw-la 1297._o 24_o edw._n i._o where_o he_o mention_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmundsbury_n in_o quo_fw-la a_o civitatibus_fw-la &_o burgis_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regâ—_n octava_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la vero_fw-la reliquo_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la pars_fw-la bonorum_fw-la where_o by_o populus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o mean_v the_o peer_n but_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d also_o m._n i_o be_o not_o prepare_v at_o present_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o query_n and_o difficulty_n that_o you_o can_v make_v or_o raise_v against_o the_o dr.'s_n argument_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n why_o all_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n shall_v be_v bounâ—_n by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n for_o since_o as_o i_o have_v a_o ready_a prove_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o what_o belong_v to_o religious_a house_n be_v grant_v out_o by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o be_v again_o grant_v out_o by_o these_o head-tenant_n to_o their_o feudatory_a oâ—_n mesne_n tenant_n by_o the_o like_a service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o land_n grant_v in_o free_a soccage_n at_o the_o first_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n maâ—_n of_o those_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n i._n or_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n that_o be_v be_v freehold_n yet_o the_o lord_n still_o retaiâ—_n the_o homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o theâ—_n neither_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n to_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholderâ—_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—o_o nominè_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o it_o waâ—_n but_o reason_n that_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v conclude_v that_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n also_o and_o both_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n for_o they_o without_o their_o be_v at_o all_o privy_a to_o it_o but_o admit_v i_o grant_v that_o before_o 49th_o 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n commons_o in_o parliament_n though_o not_o as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n choose_v by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o their_o representative_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d it_o not_o destroy_v i_o or_o the_o dr.'s_n assertion_n who_o in_o the_o introduction_n before_o the_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n only_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o 49th_o aforesaid_a the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o ordinary_a freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v etc._n etc._n have_v any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v law_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d present_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n 82._o be_v it_o so_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o dr_n booâ—_n he_o absolute_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n he_o assign_v but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o allege_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n how_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n can_v have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o tax_n lay_v upon_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—heir_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la your_o answer_n be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o mistake_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n do_v not_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o there_o be_v many_o subordinate_a tenant_n to_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o never_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o they_o by_o your_o conqueror_n â—ad_a who_o have_v also_o great_a number_n of_o considerable_a freeholder_n under_o they_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a which_o be_v soccage_n teâ—re_o in_o the_o next_o place_n neither_o be_v all_o the_o land_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o follower_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o you_o your_o seâ—f_n own_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n â—land_n be_v give_v by_o he_o to_o his_o inferior_a servant_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o beside_o this_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o other_o land_n be_v regranted_a by_o that_o king_n himself_o 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o those_o old_a proprietor_n who_o have_v be_v dispossess_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n be_v appear_v from_o fleta_n 8._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n say_v express_o in_o 〈◊〉_d maneriis_fw-la seilicet_fw-la regis_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la hemines_n labâ—ri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidaâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la a_o tenementis_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ejecti_fw-la eadem_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenâ—â—_fw-la resempserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dâ—gnoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quiet_n ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la well_fw-mi hundredum_fw-la &c_n &c_n quorâ—m_fw-la â—â—gregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la soccam_fw-la appellarent_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n body_n dicunâ—â—_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o these_o socman_n or_o soccager_n be_v then_o create_v by_o a_o â—ew_a tenure_n from_o this_o king_n nor_o do_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v their_o land_n â—o_o other_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n do_v at_o first_o 〈◊〉_d also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n grant_v land_n to_o the_o old_a english_a proprietor_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o â—â—em_n in_o soccage_n nor_o be_v homage_n the_o proper_a or_o only_a badge_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n but_o â—ealty_n unless_o the_o land_n have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o first_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o littleton_n 2d_o book_n sect._n 118._o nor_o do_v this_o soccage_n tenure_n give_v the_o lord_n any_o more_o right_a over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o tax_v he_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o bâ—sso_fw-la at_o his_o will_n by_o â—eason_n of_o the_o subjection_n he_o be_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o forfeiture_n since_o â—hen_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v have_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o right_n over_o all_o his_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la to_o tax_v they_o likewise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiâ—â—â—_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o for_o want_n of_o heir_n continue_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o of_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o other_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n even_o to_o our_o own_o time_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lord_n can_v not_o give_v tax_n for_o such_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v pray_v consider_v also_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o compose_v all_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o â—arons_n the_o title_n of_o which_o in_o the_o record_n be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la dorso_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceriâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—ibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la totâ_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communitèr_fw-la &_o conâ—â—â—ditèr_fw-la approbata_fw-la which_o article_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n william_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o majore_fw-la london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la â—rimatio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o sense_n and_o therefore_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n i._o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v or_o english_v by_o the_o word_n commons_o who_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v be_v then_o above_o once_o call_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v often_o call_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o allow_v they_o be_v often_o so_o style_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 219._o but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o this_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n since_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o being_n most_o common_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o election_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n in_o each_o county_n and_o no_o other_o who_o be_v choose_v to_o represent_v the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n or_o they_o and_o all_o the_o other_o military_a tenant_n by_o mean_a tenure_n for_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n for_o their_o liberty_n will_v part_v with_o this_o main_a point_n of_o be_v personal_o present_a or_o else_o the_o body_n of_o they_o represent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n in_o every_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o title_n of_o notable_a knight_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o only_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o suitor_n to_o the_o county_n court_v 19_o be_v the_o elector_n and_o this_o be_v very_o likely_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n and_o also_o why_o the_o statute_n 18_o the_o hen._n vi_o 15._o by_o which_o any_o man_n that_o have_v 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n of_o any_o tenure_n who_o be_v before_o permit_v to_o be_v a_o elector_n be_v alter_v by_o 10_o the_o hen._n vi_o and_o so_o explain_v that_o none_o but_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n shall_v afterward_o be_v elector_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n 2._o viz._n 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o very_o ordinary_a men._n for_o ancient_o soon_o after_o or_o near_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v very_o few_o or_o no_o great_a socâ—agâ—_n that_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v great_a estate_n in_o soccage_n and_o neither_o the_o small_a one_o 29._o nor_o the_o nativi_fw-la or_o copyholder_n be_v repute_v liberi_fw-la ot_fw-mi legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o before_o mention_v or_o perform_v the_o service_n proper_a to_o such_o military_a tenant_n or_o those_o to_o who_o they_o have_v alienate_v part_n of_o their_o fe_n but_o since_o i_o have_v tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o wrangle_v about_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a take_v a_o short_a cut_n and_o give_v you_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o hen._n ii_o and_o rich._n i._n which_o together_o with_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la will_v i_o think_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o in_o conscience_n that_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v so_o summon_v before_o 49_o the_o h._n iii_o when_o they_o be_v call_v but_o once_o till_o above_o twenty_o year_n after_o will_v be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o task_n f._n i_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n very_o well_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o love_v pedantic_a dispute_n about_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o word_n as_o little_a as_o yourself_o unless_o where_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o indeed_o you_o have_v render_v it_o so_o by_o raise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o general_a word_n whereby_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o historian_n have_v style_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o clear_v i_o think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o some_o more_o solid_a argument_n but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o that_o i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o yourself_o do_v allow_v that_o in_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o lâ—_n commune_v when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v incredible_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n shall_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o 48_o the_o hen_n iii_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edw._n i._o begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o those_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o quite_o another_o sense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n record_n or_o historian_n of_o that_o or_o succeed_a age_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o it_o be_v understand_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o question_n i_o can_v but_o rectify_v a_o great_a mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o adhere_v to_o the_o dr._n with_o too_o implicit_a a_o faith_n for_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v call_v ancient_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ—_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâ—ssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendâ—n_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o
destrain_v for_o the_o escuage_z so_o assess_v by_o parliament_n or_o in_o some_o case_n they_o may_v have_v the_o king_n be_v write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n etc._n etc._n to_o lâ—vy_a such_o escuage_n for_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o register_n but_o if_o either_o king_n john_n or_o king_n hen._n iii_o grant_v writ_n to_o levy_v escuage_z upon_o the_o under-tenant_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o parliament_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v no_o more_o cite_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o any_o other_o illegal_a act_n commit_v by_o those_o king_n since_o as_o our_o record_n and_o history_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v such_o illegal_a proceed_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o the_o word_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o you_o have_v now_o quote_v viz._n nullum_fw-la seâ—â—agium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la pâ—nam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v yet_o say_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o how_o scutage_n when_o give_v as_o a_o tax_n upon_o knight_n â—ees_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v levy_v not_o only_o from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z but_o their_o under-tenant_n as_o also_o from_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la yet_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n such_o as_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o peâ—â—y_a serjeanty_n and_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o of_o several_a honour_n and_o not_o of_o hiâ—_n crown_n as_o in_o capite_fw-la can_v ever_o charge_v such_o tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n give_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a representative_n much_o less_o can_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tax_n or_o charge_v such_o as_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z viz._n those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o right_a of_o their_o monastery_n in_o franc_n almâ—igne_n and_o who_o together_o with_o their_o tenant_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o abby-land_n in_o england_n as_o also_o tax_v those_o who_o not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o but_o by_o tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o fee_n farm_n do_v not_o hold_v their_o land_n as_o knight_n fee_n and_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v tax_v by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n thereof_o and_o braecton_n who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n have_v distinguish_v to_o no_o purpose_n between_o those_o common_a service_n which_o all_o tenant_n owe_v their_o lord_n and_o the_o general_a tax_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 37._o the_o word_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pray_v read_v they_o sunt_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la seruâ—cis_fw-la non_fw-la diâ—uâ—iâ—â—_n nec_fw-la de_fw-la consuâ—tudine_fw-la venâ—um_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitaâ—_n intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la parliament_n rex_fw-la venorit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corraagâ—â—_n carvagia_n &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la torius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la feâ—di_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o lay_v a_o general_a tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o which_o do_v then_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o there_o be_v we_o our_o ancient_a historian_n tell_v we_o a_o distinct_a court_n which_o be_v hold_v ancient_o three_o time_n every_o year_n viz._n at_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o christmas_n and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v attend_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n 131._o and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v call_v curis_n or_o concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o if_o any_o difference_n of_o right_n do_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n or_o between_o tenant_n and_o tenant_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v and_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v there_o uâ—ted_v and_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o under_o favour_n this_o be_v not_o the_o commune_fw-la consillum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o for_o the_o king_n hold_v this_o court_n ex_fw-la more_n or_o by_o custom_n without_o any_o summons_n as_o simon_n of_o durham_n and_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o divers_a other_o writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n do_v show_v we_o but_o when_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 680._o their_o expression_n after_o and_o then_o they_o say_v that_o rex_fw-la ascivi_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n exit_fw-la praecepro_fw-la regn_n convenerunt_fw-la or_o as_o eâ—â—merus_n rex_fw-la sanctione_n sua_fw-la adunavit_fw-la and_o mat._n westminster_n of_o late_a time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o union_n or_o meet_v of_o this_o câ—ria_n or_o assembly_n of_o tenant_n in_o capit_fw-la together_o with_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o history_n of_o hen._n iii_o where_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n again_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n in_o a_o parliament_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1252._o be_v the_o 37_o the_o of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v these_o word_n in_o quindene_a paschae_n adunato_fw-la magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o unite_n of_o the_o great_a or_o whole_a parliament_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o conjunction_n of_o both_o council_n together_o and_o therefore_o when_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o thus_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-mi take_v upon_o they_o assess_v escuage_z and_o transact_v other_o matter_n of_o consequence_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o often_o fail_v to_o appear_v at_o these_o court_n or_o assembly_n hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it it_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o express_o provide_v by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o escuage_z shall_v not_o be_v assess_v for_o the_o future_a without_o summons_n or_o notice_n give_v of_o it_o to_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v right_a to_o be_v there_o m._n i_o see_v you_o will_v fain_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o parliament_n and_o which_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o that_o these_o be_v the_o person_n who_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n to_o assemble_v for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v a_o mere_a precarious_a hypothesis_n nor_o can_v you_o or_o those_o from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n make_v it_o out_o from_o any_o good_a authority_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o that_o usual_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o what_o quality_n soever_o do_v repair_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o christmas_n easter_n 113._o and_o whitsunday_n do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n from_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n but_o to_o prove_v by_o example_n out_o of_o the_o author_n you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o that_o the_o bishop_n great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o alone_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 20._o pray_v read_v eadmerus_n speak_v thus_o celebratum_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la beati_fw-la peiri_n in_fw-la occidentali_fw-la parâ—e_fw-la juxta_fw-la lâ—nâ—inum_fw-la sita_fw-la communi_fw-la consensâ—â—_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o buiâ—_n conventui_fw-la assuerunt_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriuâ—que_fw-la ondinis_fw-la and_o at_o this_o meeting_n be_v present_a the_o prime_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o both_o order_n in_o this_o council_n the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v the_o principal_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o the_o king_n baron_n they_o all_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o meeting_n under_o this_o king_n hen._n â—_o when_o archbishop_n anselm_n be_v to_o give_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n according_a â—o_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o anselm_n 69._o that_o in_o pascha_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la venit_fw-la communis_fw-la concilii_fw-la vocem_fw-la unam_fw-la
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
you_o but_o i_o doubt_v not_o for_o all_o that_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o make_v whole_o against_o you_o and_o will_v together_o with_o those_o proof_n i_o shall_v urge_v make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o council_n i_o have_v already_o assert_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o understand_v the_o word_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la illorum_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o record_n to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o not_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v grant_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o then_o there_o can_v no_o more_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o unusual_a power_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la as_o the_o writ_n here_o mention_n in_o those_o time_n to_o charge_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o and_o that_o even_o this_o be_v a_o encroachment_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr â—â—lagio_fw-it non_fw-it conâ—edendo_fw-la make_v 25_o of_o ed._n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v that_o any_o talliage_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n sine_fw-la volunâ—aâ—e_n &_o â—ssenâ—â—_n archiepiscorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la burgensium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la now_o pray_v read_v my_o lord_n cook_n reason_n in_o his_o 2d_o 532._o inst._n why_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v the_o second_o cause_o say_v he_o be_v that_o the_o king_n the_o year_n before_o have_v take_v a_o talliage_n of_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n whereupon_o arise_v a_o great_a murmur_a and_o discontent_a among_o the_o commons_o for_o pacify_v which_o discord_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n and_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o the_o commons_o and_o for_o a_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a law_n for_o ever_o after_o both_o in_o this_o and_o other-like_a case_n this_o act_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o comment_n on_o this_o statute_n then_o a_o restitution_n general_a to_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o free_o and_o whole_o as_o at_o any_o time_n before_o in_o better_a and_o full_a manner_n than_o they_o use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o general_a scutage_n or_o tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n appear_v by_o the_o writ_n itself_o so_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o person_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v who_o be_v tenant_n to_o monastery_n and_o priory_n do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o all_o tenant_n in_o petys_n sergeanty_n and_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la who_o if_o they_o have_v not_o then_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n be_v whole_o free_a from_o this_o tax_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o all_o tenant_n in_o fee_n socage_n whether_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n be_v whole_o exempt_a from_o this_o scutage_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n that_o give_v the_o king_n this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v a_o common_a council_n only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la charge_v themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n only_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o do_v in_o a_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la for_o if_o it_o have_v include_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v some_o mention_n make_v how_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v tax_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 42d_o of_o this_o king_n which_o i_o pray_v read_v rex_fw-la bar._n etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la com._n baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la in_o walliâ_fw-la nuper_fw-la existentium_fw-la provisum_fw-la est_fw-la levand_n quod_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la qui_fw-la servitium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la ibidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la scutagium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la viz._n de_fw-fr scuto_fw-la 40_o sol._n pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la nostro_fw-la wall_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 41._o vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la quae_fw-la tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la wardia_n in_o manu_fw-la nostra_fw-la existentibus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la feod_n illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la brevia_fw-la nostra_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la scutag_n svo_fw-la babendo_fw-la lâ—vari_fw-la fac_fw-la scutag_n nostrum_fw-la from_o which_o record_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v only_o a_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v attend_v on_o the_o king_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o this_o welsh_a expedition_n and_o concern_v none_o else_o but_o such_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o their_o tenant_n who_o have_v fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n and_o be_v just_a such_o a_o tax_n as_o be_v express_o reserve_v by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o you_o have_v before_o cite_v whereby_o scutage_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v by_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v thus_o meet_v and_o hold_v distinct_a council_n or_o assembly_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o scutage_n but_o also_o that_o the_o spiritual_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o sometime_o hold_v separate_a assembly_n appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 15._o of_o this_o king_n thus_o cum_fw-la peteremus_fw-la à _fw-la praelatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la facerent_fw-la 3._o pro_fw-la magnâ_fw-la necessitate_v nostrâ_fw-la de_fw-la quâ_fw-la cis_fw-la conflabat_fw-la viz._n epis._n abbatibus_fw-la abbatissis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o priorissi_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la auxilium_fw-la tale_n viz._n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la suorum_fw-la 40â—_n de_fw-fr tos_fw-la feodis_fw-la de_fw-la quot_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenentur_fw-la nobis_fw-la respondere_fw-la quando_fw-la nobis_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la where_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o the_o abbess_n and_o prioresses_n grant_v a_o scutage_n of_o 40_o â—_o upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n not_o which_o be_v hold_v of_o they_o but_o for_o which_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o king_n before_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o these_o woman_n leave_v their_o nunnery_n and_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o such_o meeting_n yet_o they_o may_v very_o well_o do_v it_o by_o their_o oeconomy_n or_o steward_n as_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n for_o assembly_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o when_o a_o general_a tax_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o style_n of_o these_o council_n run_v much_o otherwise_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o four_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o record_n that_o omnes_fw-la magâ—ates_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la grant_v de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la carucatâ_fw-la duos_fw-la solidas_fw-la 5._o now_o it_o hence_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o caruage_n which_o not_o be_v a_o scutage_n service_n nor_o yet_o a_o tax_n by_o way_n of_o scutage_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n assess_v not_o only_o upon_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n but_o upon_o each_o ploughland_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v grant_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v out_o of_o bracton_n speak_v of_o this_o caruage_n de_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totiut_a regni_fw-la for_o otherwise_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o have_v charge_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n of_o which_o not_o half_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o plain_o by_o other_o record_n pray_v see_v another_o of_o the_o 16_o of_o this_o king_n in_o these_o word_n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a devon_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episc._n abbates_n dorso_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la tâ—ras_fw-la habentâ—s_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o villani_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la quadragessmam_fw-la pariem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mâ—bilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a here_o who_o make_v the_o commune_fw-la
concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o give_v this_o aid_n of_o a_o 40th_o part_n of_o their_o good_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n inferior_a land_a clergyman_n the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n freemen_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o subsidy_n grant_v upon_o good_n and_o not_o lay_v upon_o land_n and_o that_o it_o may_v full_o express_v all_o the_o party_n to_o the_o grant_v the_o record_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v also_o the_o villani_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o every_o village_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o our_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o this_o age_n give_v the_o same_o sense_n to_o the_o expression_n of_o this_o record_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o term_n pray_v read_v this_o quotation_n which_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o take_v out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v chronica_fw-la monasterii_fw-la de_fw-la hageny_n 20._o in_o the_o cottonianâ—_n â—_z library_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n be_v we_o be_v now_o treat_v on_o the_o word_n be_v these_o anno_fw-la 17._o henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la 4_o ti_fw-mi where_o note_n that_o the_o year_n be_v mistake_v for_o 16._o but_o the_o king_n be_v the_o same_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v often_o in_o that_o age_n call_v the_o four_o in_o respect_n to_o king_n henry_n son_n to_z henry_n the_o second_o idem_fw-la rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepis_fw-la epis._n abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la clericiâ—_n terras_fw-la habentibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la eccles._n sua_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a &_o ab_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o villanis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la quadragesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v observe_v what_o immediate_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n ut_fw-la anno._n viz._n 8vo_fw-la a_o quo_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la quam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la laicorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la quintam_fw-la decimam_fw-la catalorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la universaliter_fw-la accepit_fw-la where_o note_n by_o accepit_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v he_o receive_v it_o after_o the_o people_n grant_n of_o it_o as_o before_z in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16._o and_o that_o by_o magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o aliorum_fw-la laicorum_fw-la put_v here_o as_o distinct_a from_o they_o all_o other_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n now_o pray_v how_o can_v these_o tax_n upon_o the_o good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v ever_o be_v give_v but_o by_o the_o general_a representative_n thereof_o since_o all_o can_v not_o be_v there_o in_o person_n unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o man_n in_o those_o day_n hold_v their_o good_n and_o chatel_n by_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la m._n i_o think_v you_o and_o i_o may_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o this_o council_n i_o instance_a in_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o likewise_o that_o they_o impose_v scutage_n upon_o no_o other_o than_o their_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o may_v not_o have_v tax_v all_o other_o though_o they_o be_v not_o their_o immediate_a tenant_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v those_o that_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o convince_v but_o that_o these_o person_n mention_v in_o the_o record_v you_o have_v cite_v which_o you_o grant_v constitute_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o same_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la already_o mention_v for_o as_o for_o the_o fideles_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 4_o the_o hen._n 3._o i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n that_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o this_o pray_v consider_v the_o authority_n he_o there_o give_v we_o for_o though_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v sometime_o signify_v general_o all_o those_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n or_o subjection_n of_o their_o prince_n d._n yet_o hottoman_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o fideles_fw-la interdum_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la iidem_fw-la qui_fw-la vassalli_n qui_fw-la feudo_fw-la accepto_fw-la in_o patroni_fw-la fide_fw-la &_o clientelâ—_n sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la svam_fw-la ei_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v this_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o most_o of_o our_o history_n and_o record_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o one_o which_o will_v sufficient_o clear_v the_o true_a signification_n 30._o not_o only_o of_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la but_o of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la too_o it_o be_v in_o william_n malmâ—bury_n in_o these_o word_n williâ—mo_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la cum_fw-la vix_fw-la 12._o annorum_fw-la esset_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujuscunque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la &_o dignitatis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la domini_fw-la fideles_fw-la manibus_fw-la &_o sacramento_n se_fw-la dedere_fw-la coacti_fw-la sunt_fw-la by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v that_o by_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v only_o the_o feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o any_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o prove_v it_o far_o by_o record_n pray_v see_v here_o â—hose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n 9_o the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 15._o of_o king_n john_n rex_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la salutem_fw-la they_o be_v to_o hear_v what_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n be_v to_o say_v to_o they_o about_o the_o release_v the_o interdict_v 68_o and_o that_o these_o milites_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la be_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v clear_a from_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o record_n vnicuique_fw-la vestrum_fw-la si_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la transmissemus_fw-la sed_fw-la negotium_fw-la majori_fw-la festiâ—atione_fw-la etc._n etc._n testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la rupel_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n have_v write_v to_o they_o all_o particular_o but_o that_o the_o business_n require_v great_a haste_n it_o seem_v before_o the_o grant_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la this_o king_n send_v special_a summons_n and_o particular_a letter_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o meet_v upon_o any_o occasion_n so_o likewise_o in_o these_o writ_n there_o mention_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o several_a county_n dorso_fw-la as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n there_o cite_v rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suiâ—_n de_fw-la com._n ebor._n northumbr_n cumbr._n etc._n etc._n vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la prompti_fw-la sitis_fw-la &_o parâ—ti_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o feudatary_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o also_o of_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 16_o hen._n 3._o you_o have_v now_o cite_v 1._o i_o can_v allow_v your_o version_n of_o those_o word_n clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la 221._o qua_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a by_o inferior_a land_a clergyman_n since_o it_o be_v more_o than_o you_o can_v make_v out_o for_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v such_o clerk_n as_o have_v manor_n and_o free_a or_o military_a fee_n belong_v to_o their_o benefice_n and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o fee_n whereof_o be_v in_o the_o crown_n and_o not_o in_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o it_o but_o mat._n paris_n fol._n 377._o inform_v we_o better_a who_o they_o be_v that_o give_v this_o tax_n when_o he_o speak_v concern_v this_o very_a council_n ad_fw-la coloquium_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la cum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la pars_fw-la honorum_fw-la now_o what_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v we_o may_v easy_o guess_v from_o the_o other_o record_v i_o have_v 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the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o villani_n by_o another_o record_n dor_n date_v but_o two_o year_n after_o this_o of_o you_o viz._n 21_o hen._n 3._o rex_fw-la vic._n kant_n salut_fw-la sciâ—s_n cum_fw-la octavis_fw-la sancti_fw-la hillarii_n etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la convenirent_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n '_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ut_fw-la tractatum_fw-la haberent_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la nostro_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la iidem_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la tricessimam_fw-la partem_fw-la honorum_fw-la from_o this_o record_n we_o 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homines_fw-la according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o all_o our_o record_n and_o history_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o other_o record_n of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o to_o have_v give_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n do_v grant_v by_o their_o lord_n that_o be_v their_z lord_n paramount_n that_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v grant_v for_o they_o though_o they_o hold_v it_o not_o immediate_o of_o they_o but_o of_o other_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o do_v charge_v they_o by_o public_a tax_n have_v be_v show_v from_o divers_a record_n so_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_a in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v such_o and_o such_o concesserunt_fw-la grant_v such_o a_o tax_n that_o be_v by_o those_o who_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o without_o their_o consent_n too_o when_o those_o for_o who_o they_o grant_v be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n themselves_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o example_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o long_a speech_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o interpretation_n of_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la first_o then_o we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la have_v two_o or_o three_o different_a signification_n first_o it_o signify_v all_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a in_o the_o next_o place_n all_o vassal_n or_o feudatary_a tenant_n whatever_o whether_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n as_o also_o divers_a ancient_a charter_n particular_o those_o of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o king_n stephen_n which_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o direct_v fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglâ—_n which_o can_v mean_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o the_o doctor_n and_o yourself_o will_v scarce_o allow_v any_o english_a man_n to_o have_v then_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o crown_n last_o i_o grant_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la may_v sometime_o signify_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n all_o which_o be_v so_o i_o think_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a word_n but_o the_o sense_n it_o bear_v in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v use_v that_o must_v direct_v we_o to_o its_o true_a signification_n and_o that_o the_o fideles_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o have_v grant_v caruage_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n which_o you_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o answer_v viz._n that_o caruage_n be_v a_o general_a tax_n impose_v upon_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o what_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o what_o be_v not_o and_o how_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_v those_o land_n which_o be_v never_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o fideles_fw-la here_o mention_v in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o record_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o all_o other_o subject_n who_o do_v fealty_n who_o though_o they_o can_v not_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n yet_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n the_o great_a freeholder_n lord_n of_o manor_n or_o else_o by_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n but_o i_o must_v now_o make_v some_o remark_n upon_o your_o interpretation_n of_o â—he_n writ_n of_o the_o 16_o the_o and_o 21_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o wherein_o you_o have_v certain_o very_o much_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o main_a word_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la non_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la pertinentes_fw-la which_o you_o interpret_v to_o have_v be_v clerk_n have_v manor_n and_o military_a fee_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o benefice_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v altogether_o force_v for_o whoever_o hear_v of_o clerk_n that_o be_v inferior_a clergy_n man_n parson_n or_o vicar_n of_o church_n who_o hold_v benefice_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z or_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o that_o therefore_o those_o land_n so_o hold_v shall_v be_v call_v land_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o land_n of_o bishop_n all_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v be_v in_o your_o sense_n land_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n but_o who_o but_o you_o and_o your_o doctor_n ever_o give_v such_o a_o unreasonable_a comment_n on_o those_o word_n nor_o will_v that_o passage_n you_o cite_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n at_o all_o favour_n your_o interpretation_n for_o either_o these_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n there_o mention_v give_v this_o sorti_v part_n of_o their_o movable_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o else_o as_o clergy_n man_n in_o convocation_n if_o the_o former_a than_o these_o clerici_fw-la can_v have_v no_o vote_n there_o in_o person_n for_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v puzzle_v you_o to_o prove_v that_o at_o this_o time_n any_o ecclesiastical_a person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o abbot_n or_o prior_n have_v any_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o those_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o right_o of_o his_o church_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v this_o tax_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o convocation_n than_o such_o clerk_n as_o you_o mention_n can_v not_o be_v there_o in_o person_n first_o because_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v such_o as_o have_v land_n quâ—e_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v any_o place_n there_o as_o clergyman_n nor_o can_v they_o be_v include_v under_o the_o praelati_fw-la since_o that_o word_n take_v in_o none_o beneath_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o dean_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o clerk_n give_v any_o thing_n in_o parliament_n they_o must_v do_v it_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o if_o in_o convocation_n by_o their_o clerk_n of_o the_o low_a house_n then_o call_v procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v those_o clerk_n can_v not_o be_v present_a themselves_o at_o these_o parliament_n when_o those_o tax_n of_o the_o 30_o and_o 40th_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o either_o as_o layman_n or_o clergyman_n must_v be_v tax_v by_o their_o representative_n but_o in_o deed_n the_o word_n proceree_n regni_n which_o immediate_o come_v after_o episcopi_fw-la &_o pralati_fw-la in_o
other_o weapon_n and_o the_o second_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n say_v express_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibut_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regui_fw-la anglia_fw-it pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeâ—elibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberate_v subscriptas_fw-la â—abeâ—das_fw-la &_o â—enandas_fw-la eye_v &_o haeredibus_fw-la â—uit_fw-la de_fw-fr nobia_n &_o hâ—rodibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la which_o the_o dr._n himself_o render_v thus_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o sure_o then_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o be_v make_v to_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n slave_n nor_o be_v this_o charter_n only_o make_v to_o relax_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o clause_n in_o it_o which_o concern_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o free_a holder_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o for_o beside_o the_o first_o and_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o right_n and_o liberty_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o chapter_n in_o this_o charter_n which_o all_o other_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thereby_o a_o interest_n in_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o 15_o 16._o 22_o 23_o 24_o 25._o and_o above_o 30_o other_o chapter_n or_o clause_n therein_o express_v which_o be_v grant_v not_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o either_o to_o ecclesiastic_n or_o other_o lay_v freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o little_a further_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o or_o two_o instance_n out_o of_o this_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o that_o too_o in_o the_o drs._n own_o translation_n article_n 48._o no_o freman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o free_a tenement_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o outlawed_n or_o banish_v or_o any_o way_n destroy_v nor_o will_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o by_o the_o legal_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._n e._n by_o legal_a process_n the_o other_o be_v the_o 49._o article_n of_o this_o charter_n that_o we_o will_v not_o sell_v to_o any_o man_n we_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o maâ—_n or_o delay_v right_o or_o justice_n now_o judge_v yourself_o whether_o these_o two_o article_n be_v make_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o hence_o it_o also_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o body_n of_o freeman_n to_o who_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v be_v likewise_o present_a and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v vavasor_n or_o fendatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la person_n so_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v come_v hither_o but_o as_o follower_n to_o augment_v the_o noise_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o bracton_n that_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o man_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o power_n in_o their_o country_n beside_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o tenant_n in_o petyâ—_n serjeanty_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o great_a honour_n who_o can_v never_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o affirm_v to_o the_o contrary_a look_v upâ—_n on_o all_o these_o person_n for_o as_o good_a lawmaker_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o they_o all_o since_o the_o main_a force_n of_o the_o nation_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o they_o but_o in_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n who_o will_v never_o have_v follow_v their_o lord_n in_o this_o assembly_n if_o they_o have_v not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o have_v as_o good_a a_o interest_n in_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n they_o demand_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o silvo_n of_o all_o their_o liberty_n as_o their_o lord_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o good_a a_o right_a as_o they_o in_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n as_o they_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n since_o these_o feudatary_a tenant_n be_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o obey_v their_o lord_n summons_n at_o any_o other_o warlike_a expedition_n but_o where_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n go_v out_o in_o person_n m._n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o parliament_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o charter_n be_v make_v to_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o clergy_n earl_n baron_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o this_o prove_v not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o suffrage_n in_o make_v of_o they_o 167._o nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o for_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v only_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o any_o vote_n or_o authority_n from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o recite_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v of_o his_o mere_a grace_n and_o free_a will_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o it_o but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o few_o plain_a question_n concern_v king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o you_o can_v resolve_v i_o may_v be_v incline_v to_o believe_v there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o first_o be_v if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v for_o assess_v of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z only_z as_o you_o suppose_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o last_o clâ—use_n of_o this_o charter_n why_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o meeting_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o every_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 170._o if_o they_o be_v only_o summon_v about_o aid_n and_o escuage_z or_o other_o ordinary_a business_n of_o course_n sure_o than_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v as_o it_o be_v here_o provide_v in_o omnibus_fw-la litâ—er_fw-la be_v submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n immediate_o but_o before_o i_o do_v it_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o say_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n because_o they_o be_v the_o king_n free_a concession_n be_v therefore_o pass_v without_o any_o vote_n suffrage_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v the_o legis_fw-la â—â—tive_a power_n that_o the_o matter_n of_o those_o charter_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o affirmative_a of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n long_o before_o your_o conquest_n and_o that_o the_o people_n consent_n and_o suffrage_n be_v sufficient_o give_v in_o their_o draw_v they_o up_o and_o offer_v they_o to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v seal_v and_o accept_v they_o from_o he_o when_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v always_o call_v statute_n in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o aâ—â—s_n of_o parliament_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o question_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o ordinary_a business_n of_o their_o assessing_a escuage_z have_v often_o other_o affair_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o be_v transact_v with_o and_o communicate_v to_o his_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v such_o as_o give_v the_o king_n their_o advice_n as_o a_o great_a council_n concern_v divers_a weighty_a affair_n as_o in_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o record_n i_o have_v cite_v as_o also_o about_o undertake_v foreign_a war_n against_o france_n scotland_n wales_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v and_o assist_v he_o together_o with_o their_o under-tenant_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a tenor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n
that_o they_o shall_v have_v timely_a notice_n that_o they_o may_v give_v their_o advice_n in_o it_o as_o also_o that_o they_o may_v either_o come_v or_o stay_v away_o according_a to_o the_o greatness_n or_o urgency_n of_o the_o occasion_n and_o may_v also_o give_v their_o under-tenant_n notice_n to_o provide_v themselves_o with_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a in_o case_n a_o war_n shall_v be_v agree_v on_o which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o thus_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n m._n admit_v this_o be_v so_o which_o i_o shall_v yet_o take_v further_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o pray_v tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n if_o all_o your_o inferior_a baron_n vavasor_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v they_o either_o to_o have_v appear_v in_o person_n or_o else_o as_o choose_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n i_o pray_v tell_v i_o why_o there_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v the_o same_o care_n take_v that_o they_o may_v be_v also_o summon_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la certain_o they_o come_v not_o to_o they_o by_o instinct_n nor_o be_v it_o scarce_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v leave_v their_o country_n business_n to_o travel_v from_o one_o remote_a part_n of_o england_n to_o another_o to_o these_o great_a council_n which_o seldom_o continue_v above_o three_o or_o four_o day_n if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v you_o in_o few_o word_n because_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o express_v that_o clause_n you_o mention_v for_o they_o all_o since_o it_o be_v sufficient_a therein_o to_o follow_v the_o old_a course_n of_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o do_v which_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o give_v sufficient_a notice_n by_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o their_o meeting_n whereas_o in_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o there_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n some_o alteration_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o summon_v 68_o so_o there_o be_v also_o for_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n for_o whereas_o before_o that_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o allow_v all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v particular_a letter_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n they_o be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a clause_n reserve_v for_o their_o general_a summon_v which_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o in_o those_o writ_n that_o be_v issue_v for_o the_o summon_n there_a of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o case_n 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three_o week_n time_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n present_o after_o chistmass-day_n to_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o parliament_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la who_o be_v here_o say_v to_o have_v come_v to_o london_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o all_o appear_v at_o this_o council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereas_o your_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n if_o they_o have_v all_o come_v at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o be_v call_v infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o not_o consist_v at_o this_o day_n of_o 600_o person_n and_o sure_o will_v have_v be_v few_o then_o but_o as_o for_o your_o other_o authority_n if_o this_o be_v true_a i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o they_o will_v be_v as_o easy_o answer_v since_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la put_v before_o and_o distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v in_o the_o 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indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tâ—nâ—ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâ—ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v â—ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâ—cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ—_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâ—e_v history_n concern_v thomâ—s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ—_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ—_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ—_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâ—aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ—_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ—_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâ—ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâ—ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v
will_v not_o affirm_v but_o lest_o i_o tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o thing_n so_o plain_a and_o obvious_a be_v not_o they_o by_o too_o much_o industry_n render_v obscure_a i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v at_o first_o that_o because_o all_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o villain_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n never_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n that_o therefore_o the_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v literal_o a_o doughty_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v find_v a_o expedient_a to_o help_v this_o contradiction_n by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o thy_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o the_o laity_n and_o by_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o interpretation_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a judge_n for_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o can_v see_v any_o manner_n of_o reason_n either_o from_o authority_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v the_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr regno_fw-la in_o a_o legal_a sense_n and_o as_o such_o do_v represent_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o estate_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n therefore_o if_o you_o can_v prove_v this_o it_o may_v go_v far_o to_o convince_v i_o otherwise_o not_o m._n since_o you_o will_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o those_o authority_n i_o have_v already_o produce_v to_o prove_v it_o 121._o pray_v let_v i_o discourse_v with_o you_o a_o little_a more_o particular_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n i_o therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o several_a record_n as_o also_o the_o two_o writ_n of_o 19_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somerset_n and_o sussex_n that_o the_o king_n ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o his_o original_a power_n and_o right_n reserve_v upon_o knight_n fee_n do_v tax_n the_o military_a tenant_n of_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o other_o ordinary_a free_a tenant_n and_o by_o his_o writ_n cause_v they_o to_o pay_v both_o scutage_n tax_n and_o scutage_n service_n and_o other_o reasonable_a aid_n as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o as_o you_o say_v since_o there_o be_v no_o aver_n against_o express_a record_n but_o i_o say_v likewise_o that_o as_o for_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o concern_v the_o king_n order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o scutage_n service_n as_o to_o marry_v their_o daughter_n or_o for_o the_o find_n of_o man_n in_o any_o warlike_a expedition_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o those_o mesne_n tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o estate_n if_o they_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v their_o lord_n in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n may_v legal_o grant_v they_o scutage_n upon_o such_o tenant_n and_o perhaps_o may_v also_o change_v their_o service_n in_o person_n into_o a_o pecuniary_a aid_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o and_o this_o not_o by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o by_o law_n so_o likewise_o though_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_n themselves_o in_o their_o distinct_a council_n or_o else_o in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o please_v for_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o king_n may_v sometime_o undertake_v by_o this_o pretence_n to_o i_o evy_v a_o scutage_n of_o two_o mark_n on_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v by_o either_o of_o those_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o they_o give_v for_o more_o than_o themselves_o alone_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o king_n esseâ—ax_n auxilium_fw-la of_o two_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n as_o well_o ward_n as_o other_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n be_v afterward_o order_v to_o distrain_v these_o mesne_n tenant_n also_o for_o two_o mark_n for_o each_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n this_o be_v strain_v a_o point_n of_o prerogative_n and_o be_v express_o against_o law_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n may_v by_o the_o lâ—ke_a prerogative_n have_v tax_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o king_n john_n which_o you_o yourself_o cite_v at_o our_o former_a meeting_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v sometime_o as_o your_o record_n make_v out_o this_o be_v no_o proof_n that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a law_n or_o settle_a custom_n much_o less_o that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v 180._o but_o that_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o this_o king_n then_o do_v in_o charge_v these_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n be_v according_a to_o his_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o what_o himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v frequent_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o nullum_fw-la scutâ—gium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la meo_fw-la &_o â—_o be_v grant_v nay_o after_o it_o be_v grant_v hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o tax_v their_o demeasn_n through_o england_n 19_o though_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o privy_a council_n until_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v in_o 34_o eâ—w_n 1._o and_o both_o rich._n 1._o and_o k._n john_n have_v tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o common_a assent_n before_o the_o grant_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 1._o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o hoveden_n 442._o who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o this_o king_n anno_fw-la 1198_o regno_fw-la 9_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la carucata_n terrae_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o show_v we_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o collect_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o use_v these_o word_n auxilium_fw-la and_o tallagium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o tax_n so_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n that_o king_n john_n take_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o all_o movable_n without_o common_a assent_n 1203.1207_o and_o another_o time_n a_o thirty_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n grumble_a at_o it_o k._n hen._n 3._o also_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n whereby_o he_o also_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o buâ—ks_n that_o he_o make_v philip_n basseâ—_n a_o ratiâ—nabilâ—_n tallagium_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenentilus_fw-la in_o mannerio_n de_fw-fr wycumb_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la suis_fw-la dominicum_fw-la praedecâ—ssorum_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 39_o the_o year_n this_o king_n as_o the_o doctor_n show_v we_o at_o large_a by_o a_o recoâ—d_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o 3000_o mark_n 178._o which_o though_o with_o some_o contest_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o pay_v because_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n that_o this_o king_n and_o his_o father_n have_v several_a time_n palliate_v or_o tax_v the_o saiâ—_n city_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o sum_n therein_o mention_v so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n be_v fain_o to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thâ—s_o talliable_a by_o the_o king_n so_o in_o the_o 52._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a land_n beyond_o trenâ—_n by_o his_o escheator_n parl._n and_o this_o right_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o appâ—aâ—s_n by_o their_o petition_n to_o he_o in_o parliament_n in_o these_o word_n all_o pâ—tiâ—ionem_fw-la arcâ—iepiscoporum_fw-la episporum_fw-la
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
he_o and_o tax_v he_o as_o he_o please_v then_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o king_n as_o supreme_a lord_n over_o all_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a power_n over_o they_o of_o make_v what_o law_n for_o they_o and_o impose_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o so_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o since_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v any_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o but_o if_o neither_o the_o wardship_n marriage_n nor_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v give_v the_o king_n such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o can_v they_o attain_v the_o like_a right_n over_o all_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o that_o will_v have_v give_v they_o a_o great_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n then_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v over_o they_o therefore_o if_o those_o great_a tie_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o heir_n can_v neither_o give_v the_o king_n nor_o yet_o any_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la power_n over_o the_o estate_n or_o liberty_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n much_o less_o over_o their_o tenant_n by_o socage_n tenure_n who_o be_v not_o under_o this_o subjection_n and_o far_o if_o a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n alone_o in_o some_o case_n can_v have_v give_v the_o lord_n a_o power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o his_o tenant_n in_o socage_n than_o they_o shall_v have_v keep_v that_o right_n by_o this_o rule_n since_o all_o lord_n have_v a_o right_a of_o forfeiture_n even_o upon_o their_o tenant_n in_o socage_n in_o some_o case_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o take_v away_o knight_n service_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n as_o to_o scotland_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n no_o other_o representative_n in_o their_o parliament_n but_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o ancient_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n since_o i_o find_v the_o very_a same_o word_n and_o phrase_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o title_n of_o their_o old_a statute_n as_o also_o in_o their_o record_n to_o express_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o be_v use_v in_o england_n to_o express_v those_o of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o dunferling_n pray_v see_v the_o old_a charter_n of_o king_n malcolm_n iii_o and_o david_n i._o as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 2d_o vol._n in_o mr._n dugdales_n monâ—st_n angliâ—_n and_o you_o will_v see_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_n clero_fw-la adquie_n cent_n que_fw-fr populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o as_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v you_o from_o sir_n john_n skin_n collection_n of_o scotish_n law_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o ancient_a there_o extant_a 7._o viz._n a_o assize_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n sir_n named_z the_o lion_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1105._o in_o the_o five_o of_o our_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o it_o be_v there_o express_v that_o the_o epiâ—copi_n abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la so_o likewise_o king_n alexander_n ii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n 2._o and_o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr confilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbâ—tum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o who_o these_o be_v may_v also_o far_o appear_v by_o the_o begin_n of_o certain_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o say_a king_n alexander_n in_o the_o same_o year_n which_o begin_v thus_o statuit_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v next_o produce_v the_o title_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rob._n i._n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n dom._n 1306._o the_o 3d._n of_o our_o edward_n i._o 29._o in_o dei_fw-la nomine_fw-la amen_o roberâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svo_fw-la decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la die_v dominica_n proxima_fw-la etc._n etc._n habito_fw-la solenni_fw-la tractatiâ—_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ibidem_fw-la congregatis_fw-la and_o which_o title_n conclude_v thus_o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o exprâ—sso_fw-la conâ—ensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentium_fw-la predictorum_fw-la ac_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la predicte_n ordinavit_fw-la condidit_fw-la etc._n etc._n statuta_fw-la infra_fw-la scripta_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v scoto-chronicon_a former_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n learned_a and_o honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o anglesey_n and_o now_o in_o the_o herald_n office_n you_o will_v find_v the_o entail_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n robert_n anno._n dom._n 1315._o in_o a_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n as_o well_o clergy_n as_o laity_n which_o as_o this_o author_n tell_v we_o who_o live_v within_o sixty_o year_n after_o be_v hold_v 24._o dominica_n proxima_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la congregati_fw-la apud_fw-la aere_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la parochiali_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la laici_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la diaceni_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la laici_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o in_o england_n more_o comprehensive_a than_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o that_o our_o english_a record_n also_o agree_v with_o these_o scotch_a statute_n you_o may_v see_v by_o 2_o record_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o history_n of_o papal_a usurpation_n out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n i._n it_o be_v a_o letter_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o norway_n 4._o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n with_o his_o granddaughter_n then_o heiress_n of_o scotland_n and_o norway_n recite_v that_o the_o custodes_fw-la scil._n regni_fw-la scotlae_fw-la magnates_fw-la praelati_fw-la ac_fw-la tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la predicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la unanimi_fw-la &_o expresso_fw-la consensu_fw-la have_v agree_v to_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o letter_n of_o this_o king_n edward_n about_o the_o same_o marriage_n â—_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v by_o his_o procurator_n therein_o name_v treat_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o custodibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o it_o present_o follow_v ac_fw-la praedicti_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la now_o who_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v put_v here_o distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o noble_n but_o the_o commons_o of_o that_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n robert_n i._o there_o be_v a_o letter_n send_v from_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o pope_n 1320._o complain_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o manuscript_n and_o be_v also_o print_v by_o dr._n burnet_n 10._o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la agree_v to_o this_o letter_n and_o that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n be_v at_o that_o time_n part_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o this_o king_n robert_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o our_o edw._n i._n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o roll_n of_o this_o year_n 83._o still_o extant_a in_o the_o tower_n which_o league_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n by_o king_n john_n de_fw-fr bayliol_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la vniversitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o scotland_n the_o city_n
and_o burrough_n from_o time_n beyond_o all_o memory_n send_v their_o proxye_n and_o representative_n to_o the_o parliament_n in_o scotland_n and_o that_o each_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o send_v have_v as_o good_a a_o vote_n in_o their_o parliament_n as_o the_o great_a bishop_n or_o earl_n of_o they_o all_o m._n i_o desire_v no_o better_a proof_n then_o what_o yourself_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o make_v out_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o at_o this_o day_n but_o have_v be_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o parliament_n in_o that_o nation_n for_o i_o shall_v appeal_v to_o those_o very_a statute_n and_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v which_o compare_v with_o divers_a subsequent_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n plain_a enough_o that_o the_o communitas_fw-la and_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la mention_v in_o these_o law_n you_o have_v cite_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o observe_v from_o that_o very_a law_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o title_n of_o which_o you_o have_v but_o now_o quote_v that_o these_o word_n per_fw-la essenssum_fw-la communitatis_fw-la can_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o since_o they_o alone_o can_v neither_o advise_v nor_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o make_v law_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o refer_v to_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o 63._o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o a_o parliament_n of_o king_n rob._n iii_o who_o begin_v to_o reign_v anno._n dom_fw-la 1400._o in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o our_o richard_n two_o the_o title_n be_v thus_o parliamentum_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la roberti_n iii_o scotoâ—um_n regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n vocatis_fw-la &_o summonitis_fw-la more_fw-it solito_fw-la episcopis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la duâ—ibus_fw-la commitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la teâ—entibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v also_o confirm_v from_o the_o title_n to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o perth_n anno._n dom._n 1427._o be_v the_o 23d_o of_o king_n james_n 1._o summâ—nitis_n &_o voâ—atis_fw-la mâ—re_fw-it solito_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la tâ—nentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n certis_fw-la buâ—genfibus_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o from_o these_o ancient_a statute_n then_o that_o the_o scottish_a parliament_n do_v ancient_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o member_n than_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n duke_n and_o earl_n baron_n freeholders_n and_o burgess_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thus_o show_v the_o ancient_a costitution_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n for_o your_o satisfaction_n i_o shall_v far_o show_v when_o and_o how_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o hold_v at_o perth_n ibid._n a._n dom._n 1420_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v which_o i_o shall_v contract_v that_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o freeholder_n need_v not_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a out_o of_o each_o schirefdome_n there_o shall_v be_v send_v two_o or_o more_o wise_a man_n after_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o schirefdome_n the_o which_o shall_v be_v call_v commissary_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o that_o these_o shall_v have_v full_a power_n final_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o say_v commissary_n shall_v have_v costage_n of_o they_o of_o each_o shire_n that_o ought_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n or_o council_n i_o have_v only_o give_v you_o a_o abstract_n of_o this_o statute_n because_o it_o be_v pretty_a long_a and_o pen_v in_o old_a scotish_n english_a but_o you_o may_v consult_v it_o at_o your_o leisure_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o a_o subsequent_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n the_o six_o 99_o hold_v at_o edinburgh_n july_n the_o 29_o the_o 1587._o wherein_o after_o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o it_o follow_v thus_o and_o that_o all_o freeholder_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o prelate_n and_o lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v warn_v by_o proclamation_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o none_o to_o have_v voit_fw-fr in_o their_o election_n but_o sik_n as_o have_v forty_o shilling_n land_n in_o free_a tenandrie_n halden_a of_o the_o king_n and_o he_z their_o actual_a dwell_n and_o residence_n within_o the_o same_o schire_n etc._n etc._n i_o need_v give_v you_o no_o more_o of_o this_o act_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v most_o clear_a from_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o scotland_n be_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o none_o but_o they_o can_v either_o choose_v or_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n 17._o but_o as_o to_o the_o burough_n who_o do_v each_o of_o they_o send_v but_o one_o commissioner_n or_o burgess_n except_o the_o city_n of_o edinburgh_n which_o send_v two_o all_o which_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o to_n now_o there_o be_v in_o scotland_n three_o sort_n of_o these_o burgh_n that_o be_v to_o say_v royal_a burgh_n burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o burgh_n of_o barony_n 100_o but_o only_o the_o royal_a burrough_n the_o burgi_n dominici_n regis_fw-la or_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la send_v commissioner_n to_o parliament_n and_o be_v in_o number_n sixty_o to_o conclude_v that_o i_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n to_o we_o ancient_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o from_o the_o great_a affinity_n there_o be_v between_o we_o and_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o our_o and_o their_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n have_v for_o above_o these_o two_o hundred_o year_n consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n together_o with_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o their_o representative_n the_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n and_o burgess_n of_o city_n and_o town_n till_o the_o reformation_n that_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v quite_o take_v away_o though_o the_o former_a be_v restore_v to_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o yet_o i_o can_v allow_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o government_n the_o scotch_a parliament_n have_v consist_v of_o no_o other_o member_n than_o those_o since_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v as_o it_o do_v in_o these_o old_a statute_n and_o record_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v immediate_o after_o the_o praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n must_v signify_v a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o the_o small_a baron_n and_o since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n though_o none_o of_o those_o baron_n be_v also_o comprehend_v under_o this_o communitas_fw-la and_o who_o you_o grant_v to_o make_v the_o three_o estate_n why_o this_o word_n may_v not_o comprehend_v all_o the_o other_o great_a freeholder_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o k._n david_n 2_o d._n or_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n or_o else_o the_o beginning_n of_o robert_n the_o 3_o d._n there_o be_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o scottish_a parliament_n and_o about_o that_o time_n the_o chief_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o hold_v of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o temporal_a lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o the_o king_n by_o petty_a serjeantry_n or_o socage_n tenure_n as_o also_o many_o of_o the_o small_a town_n or_o barony_n may_v either_o forbear_v come_v at_o all_o or_o else_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v because_o of_o the_o great_a trouble_n and_o charge_n of_o attendance_n as_o you_o see_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la afterward_o do_v when_o commissioner_n for_o shire_n be_v appoint_v in_o their_o stead_n and_o so_o may_v by_o degree_n leave_v off_o come_v or_o be_v exclude_v by_o some_o law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o thus_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v become_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o the_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o 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writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ—_n â—_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ—_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n 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indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o do_v so_o silly_a and_o unpolitick_a a_o thing_n as_o this_o for_o grant_v all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o have_v be_v of_o his_o side_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o can_v no_o way_n counterbalance_v the_o great_a power_n of_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o numerous_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v all_o hereby_o exclude_v so_o that_o let_v the_o commons_o have_v be_v summon_v when_o you_o will_v it_o be_v certain_o before_o this_o 49_o â—h_a of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n why_o so_o few_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 49_o of_o hen._n 3_o d_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v
citizen_n or_o burgess_n nor_o be_v several_a strict_a form_n and_o usage_n now_o practise_v ever_o then_o think_v of_o nor_o some_o legal_a nicety_n and_o punctilio_n now_o in_o use_n then_o judge_v absolute_o necessary_a f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v from_o this_o writ_n before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o other_o record_n first_o as_o to_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o variety_n or_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o you_o at_o first_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n that_o i_o doubt_v will_v prove_v a_o gross_a mistake_n for_o if_o we_o closle_o consider_v the_o writ_n itself_o it_o will_v prove_v no_o more_o than_o a_o summons_n of_o these_o knight_n to_o a_o great_a council_n colloquy_n or_o treatise_n as_o the_o writ_n here_o cal'â—_n it_o and_o not_o to_o a_o parliament_n the_o word_n colloquium_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o writ_n not_o then_o signify_v a_o 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and_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n think_v fit_a to_o summon_v two_o or_o three_o more_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o have_v their_o advice_n also_o and_o as_o for_o your_o last_o argument_n that_o the_o same_o parliament_n which_o give_v the_o tax_n above_o mention_v on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n must_v be_v sit_v even_o to_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v mane_n on_o the_o quindene_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n viz._n the_o 8_o of_o july_n so_o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n and_o that_o these_o knight_n be_v summon_v after_o the_o act_n be_v pass_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o make_v these_o consequence_n for_o this_o parliament_n may_v very_o well_o be_v dissolve_v that_o very_a day_n this_o act_n pass_v and_o this_o council_n or_o colloquy_n may_v be_v summon_v to_o meet_v within_o three_o week_n after_o midsummer_n i._n e._n about_o the_o 16_o of_o july_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o so_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v be_v the_o roll_n of_o that_o parliament_n now_o extant_a as_o thâ—y_o be_v lose_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o divers_a succeed_a parliament_n m._n well_o then_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o writ_n be_v issue_v whilst_o the_o parliament_n be_v still_o sit_v and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v any_o need_n there_o be_v of_o another_o less_o council_n or_o colloquy_n to_o meet_v after_o the_o parliament_n be_v end_v since_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v sit_v that_o can_v have_v much_o better_o dispatch_v all_o such_o business_n as_o the_o king_n have_v to_o do_v and_o how_o the_o king_n can_v foresee_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o another_o council_n before_o he_o have_v any_o business_n for_o it_o seem_v very_o 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be_v enter_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o cause_v two_o knight_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o that_o county_n bearing_z date_n the_o 8_o of_o october_n and_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o king_n as_o appear_v by_o another_o writ_n to_o the_o same_o sheriff_n order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o other_o knight_n beside_o the_o former_a and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n the_o morrow_n after_o st._n martin_n day_n to_o hear_v and_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v more_o full_o enjoin_v the_o like_a writ_n with_o botâ—_n the_o former_a be_v send_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o title_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o writ_n be_v only_o de_fw-la melitibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o mittendis_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la yet_o these_o word_n well_o consider_v must_v certain_o here_o mean_v a_o parliament_n both_o these_o writ_n be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n where_o all_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v and_o beside_o the_o word_n in_o the_o first_o writ_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o several_a other_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n viz._n ad_fw-la consuleâ—dum_fw-la &_o consentiend_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o commâ—nitate_fw-la illà _fw-fr biis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la prâ—dictâ—_n concorditer_fw-la ordinaverint_fw-la in_o praemissis_fw-la f._n i_o confess_v we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n in_o this_o affair_n for_o want_v of_o the_o record_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o if_o we_o have_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o will_v appear_v very_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o lord_n do_v then_o desire_v the_o king_n shall_v consult_v more_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n then_o what_o have_v appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n as_o that_o lord_n may_v refuse_v to_o give_v their_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n without_o he_o will_v also_o consult_v more_o of_o the_o best_a and_o able_a knight_n of_o county_n who_o be_v to_o come_v up_o with_o fresh_a power_n and_o further_a instruction_n what_o answer_n to_o give_v the_o king_n in_o the_o matter_n he_o shall_v propose_v which_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o to_o give_v money_n nor_o make_v law_n be_v plain_a since_o you_o say_v the_o tax_n of_o 40_n on_o even_o knight_n fee_n be_v give_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n make_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o parliament_n but_o indeed_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n plain_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v no_o parliamentary_a meeting_n since_o they_o be_v here_o only_o summon_v ad_fw-la con_fw-la ulendum_fw-la &_o consâ—â—iendum_fw-la whereas_o in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o
future_a parliament_n the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la faciâ—ndum_fw-la quod_fw-la â—unc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la ordinabitur_fw-la or_o the_o like_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n 155._o which_o the_o doctor_n have_v print_v whereas_o the_o word_n in_o this_o writ_n be_v ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—iis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la â—radicti_fw-la run_v duxerint_fw-la concordanda_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v at_o the_o request_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v how_o come_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v also_o in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v omit_v and_o not_o mention_v in_o this_o writ_n to_o have_v join_v in_o this_o request_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n but_o as_o for_o the_o doctor_n next_o precedent_n viz._n a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o 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the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o that_o i_o may_v show_v you_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o fancy_n of_o your_o doctor_n that_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o summon_v the_o parliament_n sit_v pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n concern_v this_o business_n pray_v who_o be_v these_o gentleman_n that_o the_o king_n you_o say_v thus_o summon_v to_o parliament_n m._n according_a to_o the_o doctor_n account_n they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o tenant_n iâ—_n capite_fw-la since_o he_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o out_o of_o these_o alone_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v choose_v at_o the_o first_o f._n well_o but_o than_o who_o be_v these_o magnate_v and_o alii_fw-la proceres_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n and_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o m._n i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n certain_o to_o define_v who_o they_o be_v for_o if_o i_o say_v they_o be_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n from_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n immediate_o forego_v i_o foresee_v you_o will_v ask_v i_o how_o these_o gentleman_n can_v be_v summon_v since_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o this_o parliament_n already_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o think_v there_o be_v only_o some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n now_o summon_v and_o who_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v often_o call_v to_o great_a council_n as_o baron_n peer_n and_o who_o though_o sometime_o call_v to_o sit_v among_o the_o lord_n be_v often_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v so_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v compose_v as_o those_o of_o marlbridg_n and_o gloucesâ—er_n not_o of_o all_o but_o only_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o these_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o say_v to_o extricate_v yourself_o out_o of_o this_o difficulty_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o much_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o you_o have_v here_o say_v be_v mere_a conjecture_n without_o any_o proof_n since_o this_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n say_v only_o in_o general_n that_o it_o be_v make_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o magnate_v under_o which_o title_n your_o doctor_n 147._o when_o he_o explain_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o arch._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n tell_v we_o be_v frequent_o comprehend_v the_o barones_n majores_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o under_o minores_fw-la the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o when_o the_o statute_n of_o westmister_n the_o first_o be_v make_v he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n therein_o mention_v and_o why_o this_o parliament_n of_o westminster_n the_o 3_o d._n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o member_n now_o needs_o some_o better_a reason_n than_o your_o bare_a affirmation_n to_o the_o contrary_n beside_o this_o prerogative_n of_o call_v these_o baron_n peer_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o other_o mesn_a tenant_n also_o if_o the_o king_n think_v they_o considerable_a enough_o for_o estate_n or_o wisdom_n to_o do_v they_o that_o honour_n and_o so_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o summon_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o k._n john_n charter_n have_v all_o a_o right_a to_o appear_v by_o general_n writ_n at_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o you_o may_v put_v what_o sense_n you_o please_v on_o these_o word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la yet_o i_o be_o sure_a your_o doctor_n can_v take_v they_o in_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o for_o the_o community_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a regni_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a when_o he_o comment_n upon_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o 30_o edw._n 1._o which_o you_o now_o mention_v and_o which_o refer_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o the_o when_o forty_o shilling_n be_v grant_v on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n 33_o and_o there_o the_o doctor_n immediate_o tell_v we_o that_o such_o as_o pay_v that_o scutage_n be_v tota_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o must_v certain_o relate_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o or_o none_o at_o all_o m._n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v solve_v this_o difficulty_n but_o by_o deny_v what_o he_o have_v already_o say_v and_o affirm_v as_o i_o do_v now_o that_o all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o some_o of_o they_o at_o last_o order_v by_o this_o writ_n to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v by_o the_o county_n f._n yes_o he_o may_v do_v it_o if_o bare_a affirm_v be_v to_o pass_v for_o proof_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v up_o my_o reason_n upon_o no_o better_a ground_n either_o to_o he_o or_o you_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o improbability_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v now_o over-persuade_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n of_o sâ—ires_n which_o have_v be_v now_o omit_v ever_o since_o the_o 49_o hen._n 3._o for_o above_o twenty_o yearâ—_n when_o he_o have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o they_o but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a advantage_n of_o govern_v without_o they_o since_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o prince_n rather_o to_o diminish_v than_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o member_n of_o their_o great_a at_o well_o as_o private_a council_n who_o certain_o be_v most_o easy_o manage_v when_o they_o be_v a_o few_o than_o a_o great_a many_o m._n but_o what_o if_o we_o shall_v go_v from_o the_o doctor_n position_n and_o say_v that_o perhaps_o these_o knight_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o mesn_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la many_o of_o who_o i_o grant_v may_v be_v considerable_a for_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o prudence_n and_o with_o who_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n may_v desire_v to_o treat_v of_o certain_a matter_n which_o have_v be_v before_o move_v and_o propound_v by_o he_o f._n this_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v and_o yet_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a than_o the_o other_o since_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v now_o grow_v so_o weary_a of_o their_o power_n of_o impose_v tax_n and_o make_a lawâ—_n for_o the_o
whole_a nation_n as_o to_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o admit_v their_o under-tenant_n to_o partake_v of_o so_o large_a a_o share_n in_o both_o be_v so_o extravagant_a a_o fancy_n that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o the_o doctor_n be_v present_a hypothesis_n he_o will_v never_o have_v assert_v it_o in_o cold_a blood_n since_o himself_o affirm_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capâ—â—e_n be_v the_o only_a party_n to_o it_o and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o tenant_n who_o be_v there_o present_a be_v only_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v with_o they_o at_o runnemede_o and_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 51._o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n who_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n and_o be_v not_o lawmaker_n for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a say_v the_o doctor_n very_o well_o that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facâ—o_n always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n but_o it_o seem_v these_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v either_o very_a stiff_a to_o maintain_v or_o else_o easy_a to_o give_v up_o their_o privilege_n just_a as_o it_o best_o suit_n with_o the_o doctor_n present_a occasion_n but_o the_o doctor_n may_v contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v not_o his_o fault_n but_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o have_v lead_v he_o into_o it_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o do_v seem_v somewhat_o hard_o at_o present_a to_o conceive_v it_o but_o we_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v have_v have_v to_o desire_v the_o concurrence_n of_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n but_o that_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n look_v like_o a_o new_a institution_n may_v far_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o king_n for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o introduce_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n 152._o be_v wont_a to_o use_v the_o liberty_n of_o nominate_v the_o same_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v former_o choose_v appear_v by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a writ_n the_o doctor_n there_o likewise_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o the_o same_o king_n dors._n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o cumberland_n whereby_o he_o be_v command_v to_o cause_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n on_o the_o octive_a of_o st._n hilary_n the_o very_a same_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o have_v before_o appear_v at_o the_o last_o parliament_n unless_o any_o of_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a from_o which_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o our_o king_n in_o those_o day_n often_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o summon_v such_o member_n to_o parliament_n as_o be_v not_o then_o actual_o choose_v to_o serve_v in_o that_o parliament_n and_o for_o a_o far_a confirmation_n of_o this_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a upon_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_v the_o return_v of_o several_a of_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o the_o same_o writ_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o member_n be_v return_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o parliament_n who_o have_v before_o serve_v at_o the_o precedent_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n of_o some_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o dead_a and_o that_o our_o king_n have_v not_o yet_o a_o long_a time_n after_o lose_v their_o prerogative_n of_o nominate_v how_o many_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n they_o will_v have_v choose_v and_o return_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 45._o edw._n 3._o whereby_o one_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n dors._n and_o one_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o those_o too_o name_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o winchester_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v appoint_v in_o the_o same_o writ_n which_o be_v likewise_o direct_v to_o all_o the_o sheriff_n in_o england_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o parliament_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v writ_n for_o their_o expense_n at_o this_o meeting_n at_o winchester_n junii_fw-la and_o though_o in_o these_o writ_n it_o be_v only_o express_v by_o these_o word_n magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la nosâ—rum_fw-la yet_o from_o this_o writ_n of_o â—ummons_n it_o be_v evident_a it_o do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o parliament_n and_o so_o no_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o name_n f._n if_o thâ—se_a be_v all_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v against_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o parliament_n before_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o i_o doubt_v they_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o do_v the_o business_n for_o as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o â—8_o of_o edw._n 1._o whereby_o the_o king_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v have_v a_o power_n to_o cause_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v return_v who_o be_v elect_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o parliament_n before_o go_v without_o any_o new_a election_n this_o be_v altogether_o precarious_a for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o read_v the_o writ_n itself_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v thus_o act_v it_o will_v plain_o prove_v the_o contrary_n for_o the_o king_n reâ—iteâ—_n in_o that_o writ_n that_o have_v resolve_v that_o the_o charter_n of_o forest_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o that_o his_o subject_n have_v make_v a_o perambulation_n thereupon_o yet_o that_o he_o will_v conclude_v nothing_o in_o that_o matter_n without_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o therefore_o desire_v to_o hasten_v that_o business_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v without_o any_o delay_n he_o thereby_o order_v he_o to_o cause_n to_o come_v before_o he_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n the_o same_o knight_n citizeâ—n_n and_o burgess_n as_o be_v before_o elect_v now_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o will_v rather_o treat_v with_o they_o than_o with_o any_o other_o because_o they_o have_v be_v privy_a to_o all_o the_o precedent_a transaction_n concern_v this_o business_n of_o forest_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o come_v to_o the_o speedy_a conclusion_n with_o the_o king_n in_o that_o affair_n as_o be_v better_o instruct_v in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o new_a member_n to_o be_v who_o have_v not_o before_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o whole_a affair_n yet_o that_o the_o king_n never_o intend_v hereby_o to_o impose_v representative_n upon_o his_o people_n without_o their_o free_a consent_n appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v write_v 〈◊〉_d quâ—d_n milites_fw-la cave_n &_o burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la nâ—â—dis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interâ—ut_fw-la eum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la audâ—endi_fw-la &_o faciendi_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o praemissâ—â—_n ordinaeri_fw-la contingent_a pro_fw-la cummuni_fw-la commodo_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la now_o how_o these_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v appear_v in_o parliament_n with_o full_a power_n of_o act_v therein_o without_o the_o new_a election_n or_o confirmation_n at_o least_o of_o those_o who_o they_o represent_v i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a â—f_n the_o doctor_n or_o yourself_o can_v inform_v i_o but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o record_n of_o the_o 45_o edw._n 3._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o day_n have_v a_o power_n of_o appoint_v not_o only_a how_o many_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o each_o county_n but_o also_o can_v name_v the_o person_n that_o shall_v appear_v therein_o i_o wonder_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v so_o impose_v upon_o your_o or_o his_o own_o understand_v since_o nothing_o be_v more_o apparent_a than_o that_o this_o council_n at_o winchester_n to_o which_o they_o be_v summon_v be_v no_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o a_o great_a council_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n itself_o which_o recite_v that_o whereas_o a_o parliament_n late_o at_o westminster_n have_v give_v the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n of_o 24_o sh._n and_o 3_o d._n upon_o every_o parish_n in_o england_n that_o the_o king_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v better_o inform_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o levy_n of_o this_o tax_n may_v be_v soon_o perform_v and_o because_o it_o will_v be_v burdensome_a for_o all_o the_o great_a man_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o come_v to_o the_o say_a parliament_n to_o meet_v together_o again_o for_o this_o matter_n therefore_o he_o ordain_v for_o
assemble_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n &c_n &c_n the_o pope_n legate_n preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n and_o beside_o these_o cum_fw-la innumera_fw-la cloi_n &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n show_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o those_o constitution_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o ecclesiastical_a there_o make_v and_o publish_v they_o be_v propose_v with_o a_o placet_fw-la vobis_fw-la and_o the_o answer_n to_o they_o be_v plaecet_fw-la placet_fw-la placet_fw-la thrice_o repeat_v which_o be_v very_o like_o the_o form_n still_o observe_v in_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n give_v their_o consent_n to_o all_o matter_n propose_v in_o their_o house_n by_o say_v content_a so_o likewise_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1127._o be_v the_o 27_o of_o this_o king_n mention_n such_o another_o general_n council_n or_o great_a synod_n 35._o wherein_o william_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n and_o after_o the_o recital_n of_o all_o the_o superior_a clergy_n as_o before_o he_o thus_o proceed_v confluxere_fw-la quoque_fw-la illue_n i._n e._n to_o westminster_n magnae_fw-la multitudines_fw-la clericorum_fw-la &_o laicorum_fw-la tam_fw-la divitum_fw-la quam_fw-la mediocrium_fw-la &_o sactus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la inaestimabilis_fw-la sedit_fw-la etiam_fw-la tribus_fw-la diebus_fw-la acta_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la saecularibus_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la quaedam_fw-la quidem_fw-la determinata_fw-la quaedam_fw-la dilata_fw-la quaedam_fw-la vero_fw-la propter_fw-la nimium_fw-la aestuantis_fw-la turbae_fw-la tumultum_fw-la ab_fw-la audientia_fw-la judicantium_fw-la proâ—â—igata_fw-la and_o though_o the_o author_n give_v we_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n only_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o he_o that_o civil_a matter_n be_v also_o transact_v in_o this_o very_a council_n which_o consist_v as_o well_o of_o the_o superior_a as_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o also_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v all_o express_v under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o divitum_fw-la &_o mediocrium_fw-la and_o resemble_v the_o phrase_n of_o the_o majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la and_o the_o des_fw-fr greindres_n &_o des_fw-fr meindres_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n and_o gloucester_n which_o word_n be_v debate_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n stephen_n there_o be_v also_o several_a council_n hold_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o his_o three_o year_n in_o which_o be_v grant_v a_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o this_o king_n 1139._o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sulcardus_n chartalary_n abovementioned_a wherein_o after_o the_o general_a word_n of_o habito_fw-la universali_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la consilio_fw-la and_o a_o mention_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n who_o preside_v over_o the_o clergy_n it_o follow_v thus_o â—ffuerunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la comites_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o barones_n quamplurimi_a &_o innumera_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la his_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la &_o religioso_fw-la favore_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la authoritati_fw-la nostrae_fw-la paginae_fw-la &_o privilegio_fw-la praebuâ—rent_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n under_o a._n d._n 1139._o be_v the_o four_o year_n of_o k._n stephen_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n 622._o when_o speak_v of_o a_o great_a council_n then_o hold_v at_o london_n he_o express_v it_o in_o these_o term_n concilio_n adunato_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n and_o then_o explain_v of_o what_o member_n these_o do_v consist_v viz_o episcoporum_fw-la atque_fw-la abbatum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la &_o clericorum_fw-la plebisque_fw-la infinitae_fw-la multitudinis_fw-la now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v some_o observation_n from_o these_o passage_n in_o all_o these_o ancient_a charter_n and_o historian_n that_o beside_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o as_o the_o ely_n chronicle_n word_n it_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o clerk_n and_o commons_o now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o can_v be_v mean_v here_o by_o all_o these_o put_v distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o high_a order_n but_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o the_o dean_n archdeacon_n and_o procurator_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o cathedral_n church_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o secular_a clergy_n of_o the_o whole_a diocese_n and_o who_o can_v be_v mean_v by_o this_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n or_o plebis_fw-la which_o natural_o signify_v the_o common_a people_n distinct_a from_o the_o high_a nobility_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manner_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o high_a nobility_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o city_n and_o town_n and_o who_o come_v not_o only_o as_o idle_a spectator_n since_o the_o charter_n i_o last_o cite_v express_o mention_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o present_a but_o also_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n stephens_n m._n and_o may_v i_o not_o with_o as_o good_a reason_n ask_v you_o why_o these_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la may_v not_o in_o the_o historical_a barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n serve_v only_o to_o express_v not_o the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n or_o mere_a common_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la beneath_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o two_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o that_o first_o from_o the_o great_a analogy_n there_o be_v then_o 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of_o year_n as_o also_o the_o representative_n of_o all_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n town_n in_o england_n now_o these_o might_n together_o with_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n as_o may_v very_o well_o deserve_v the_o title_n with_o a_o easy_a hyperbole_n of_o infinita_fw-la or_o innumera_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o our_o ancient_a historian_n express_v it_o whereas_o your_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o in_o these_o first_o time_n after_o this_o conquest_n amount_v to_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n not_o be_v by_o his_o own_o confession_n 171._o above_o 700_o person_n beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o do_v not_o make_v above_o 100_o more_o which_o can_v never_o deserve_v the_o title_n of_o a_o infinite_a and_o innumerable_a multitude_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v that_o neither_o your_o notion_n nor_o your_o authority_n to_o prove_v it_o do_v any_o way_n satisfy_v i_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n your_o 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as_o other_o historian_n relate_v at_o large_a 2463._o and_o also_o that_o present_o after_o david_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o lewellyn_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o mischief_n be_v as_o this_o author_n show_v we_o in_o magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n condemn_v and_o afterward_o hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v walsingham_n be_v more_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o parliament_n only_o say_v 51._o that_o in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o habitum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n in_o which_o this_o david_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o before_o but_o thomas_n wike_v who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 111._o but_o now_o cite_v will_v better_o instruct_v we_o than_o either_o walsingham_n or_o knighton_n and_o his_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o follow_v anno_fw-la 1282._o circa_n festum_fw-la sti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la rex_fw-la convocari_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la salopesberiam_fw-la majores_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o fecit_fw-la illuc_fw-la addaci_fw-la david_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la rothelan_n fuerat_fw-la captivatus_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la exigentiam_fw-la delicti_fw-la '_o svi_fw-la corpore_fw-la subiret_fw-la judicium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o relate_v at_o large_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o execution_n from_o which_o passage_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o who_o constitute_v this_o great_a parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n viz._n majores_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o last_o as_o i_o have_v now_o often_o prove_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o citizen_n m._n but_o yet_o this_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la be_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n wherein_o lewellyn_n be_v condemn_v now_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o ciâ—es_n be_v elect_v or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o burgess_n choose_v for_o the_o burrough_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n there_o be_v indeed_o magnate_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o they_o may_v be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n well_o then_o since_o you_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v without_o direct_a and_o evident_a proof_n such_o as_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o dr._n b._n will_v i_o hope_v deny_v pray_v take_v this_o which_o mr._n petyt_n have_v not_o long_o since_o communicate_v to_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v late_o discover_v in_o rotulo_n walliae_fw-la in_o a_o bye_n roll_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o body_n as_o i_o know_v of_o before_o ibid._n it_o be_v a_o formal_a writ_n of_o 11_o the_o edward_n i._o for_o summon_v the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o be_v with_o that_o king_n at_o a_o collequy_n or_o parliament_n opud_fw-la salop_n in_o crastino_n sti._n michaelis_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o roll_v a_o second_o write_v direct_v to_o several_a city_n and_o burrough_n for_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n with_o a_o void_a space_n to_o insert_v more_o name_n ibid._n and_o also_o a_o three_o write_v be_v there_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o knight_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o 4_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n with_o the_o same_o preamble_n to_o each_o of_o they_o all_o be_v command_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n now_o what_o can_v dr._n brady_n say_v to_o this_o that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o long_a keeper_n of_o these_o record_n and_o sure_a aught_o to_o have_v peruse_v they_o as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o same_o reign_n yet_o have_v either_o wilful_o or_o careless_o pass_v by_o this_o so_o memorable_a a_o record_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v convince_v you_o for_o the_o future_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v over_o positive_a in_o a_o opinion_n because_o it_o can_v not_o present_o be_v confute_v and_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o summons_n will_v appear_v as_o well_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n reign_v have_v not_o those_o record_n be_v lose_v and_o destroy_v which_o consider_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o those_o that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n have_v yet_o leâ—t_v we_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v tell_v i_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o yet_o thought_n can_v be_v
what'were_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n ever_o a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o eternity_n before_o man_n be_v create_v or_o have_v they_o be_v so_o ever_o since_o adam_n or_o ever_o since_o england_n be_v people_v or_o ever_o since_o the_o britain_n roman_n and_o saxon_n inhabit_v this_o island_n certain_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o represent_v and_o that_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o concern_v which_o whether_o you_o or_o myself_o be_v in_o the_o right_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n f._n but_o notwithstanding_o your_o drs._n answer_n i_o think_v under_o favour_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n do_v here_o allow_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o petition_n or_o claim_v as_o the_o main_a ground_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v viz._n that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o that_o no_o law_n or_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n which_o encroachment_n upon_o their_o liberty_n 〈◊〉_d seem_v have_v be_v before_o endeavour_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o therefore_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n be_v rather_o a_o full_a concession_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o commons_o claim_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n will_v have_v leave_v such_o a_o claim_n as_o of_o ancient_a right_n without_o any_o denial_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n allow_v the_o whole_a to_o be_v true_a only_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o his_o negative_a voice_n of_o grant_v or_o deny_v what_o he_o please_v which_o the_o commons_o themselves_o do_v also_o allow_v he_o in_o the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o petition_n itself_o as_o you_o may_v see_v if_o you_o please_v to_o read_v it_o 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so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v improve_v their_o say_a manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o petition_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o parliament_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o new_a law_n to_o do_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n will_v never_o assent_v and_o conclude_v infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v here_o declare_v it_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v then_o be_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o this_o commonalty_n be_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o divers_a precedent_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o a_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o edward_n 3d._n by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 56._o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a commons_o which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o right_n or_o a_o protestation_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o richard_n 2d_o pt._n 1._o m._n 52._o wherein_o they_o pray_v against_o a_o pretend_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o who_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o be_v call_v lollard_n in_o which_o they_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v never_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o it_o be_v annul_v and_o pray_v observe_v the_o reason_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intent_n to_o be_v justify_v nor_o to_o oblige_v themselves_o or_o their_o successor_n to_o the_o prelate_n more_o than_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o commons_o do_v by_o all_o these_o petition_n and_o protestation_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o claim_n by_o prescription_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o ancestor_n not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n can_v make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o ancestor_n touch_v his_o own_o prerogative_n by_o prescription_n but_o as_o for_o your_o query_n on_o this_o petition_n since_o they_o be_v not_o your_o own_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o impertinent_a for_o who_o ever_o suppose_v that_o the_o commons_o claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n ever_o since_o the_o creation_n or_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o people_v of_o this_o island_n since_o any_o body_n may_v see_v that_o this_o word_n ever_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n viz._n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o this_o island_n now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o a_o case_n suppose_v you_o shall_v affirm_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v successive_a and_o not_o elective_a will_v it_o not_o be_v mere_a cavil_v to_o ask_v you_o whither_o it_o be_v so_o pure_a divino_fw-la ever_o since_o adam_n but_o as_o you_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n who_o be_v in_o the_o right_n you_o or_o i_o so_o shall_v i_o likewise_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o yourself_o your_o dr._n and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a antiquary_n shall_v make_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o no_o ancient_a than_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o or_o middle_a of_o edward_n the_o one_a reign_n or_o the_o constant_a judgement_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n who_o 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commons_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n therefore_o since_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o they_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o be_v lose_v i_o pray_v show_v i_o from_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v any_o commons_o summon_v to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n for_o i_o have_v now_o somewhat_o very_o material_a out_o of_o mr._n prins_n parliamentary_a register_n to_o object_n against_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la be_v exempt_v by_o prescription_n from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n as_o you_o tell_v i_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v but_o one_o but_o first_o let_v i_o hear_v the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o this_o
of_o their_o and_o succeed_a time_n have_v ever_o hear_v any_o thing_n of_o dr._n brady_n annus_fw-la mirabilis_fw-la or_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3d._n which_o be_v but_o 43_o year_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n 2._o his_o grandchild_n and_o little_a above_o 60_o year_n before_o that_o of_o edward_n his_o great_a grandson_n m._n well_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o whosoever_o will_v reflect_v upon_o what_o the_o doctor_n have_v write_v may_v suspect_v that_o the_o judge_n nay_o parliament_n be_v very_o ignorant_a in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o nation_n 13._o or_o that_o they_o speak_v out_o of_o design_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a argument_n that_o the_o lawyer_n study_v and_o know_v only_o popular_a and_o lucrative_a law_n and_o not_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o their_o own_o time_n and_o though_o i_o must_v confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v may_v seem_v to_o i_o to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o yet_o since_o i_o do_v not_o easy_o change_v my_o opinion_n upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o a_o new_a argument_n or_o authority_n give_v leave_v better_a to_o consider_v what_o you_o have_v say_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n since_o you_o have_v now_o mention_v the_o german_a diet_n pray_v sir_n before_o we_o leave_v off_o show_v i_o what_o you_o undertake_v to_o prove_v at_o the_o first_o entrance_n on_o this_o subject_a viz._n that_o in_o all_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n in_o europe_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o german_n and_o goth_n there_o be_v find_v representative_n for_o the_o plebeian_n or_o commons_o distinct_a from_o the_o clergy_n and_o great_a and_o lesser_a nobility_n f._n i_o ready_o agree_v to_o your_o desire_n but_o since_o my_o own_o note_n concern_v this_o matter_n be_v very_o long_o and_o that_o i_o have_v they_o not_o about_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o dr._n heylin_n a_o author_n you_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o look_v upon_o aâ—_n partial_a since_o he_o be_v not_o only_o remarkable_a for_o his_o great_a skill_n in_o history_n but_o also_o as_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o disciple_n to_o sir_n robert_n â—ilmer_n in_o politic_n be_v a_o vehement_a assertor_n of_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o a_o utter_a enemy_n to_o the_o power_n of_o parliament_n yet_o this_o very_a person_n in_o his_o treatise_n call_v the_o stumble_v of_o disobedience_n and_o rebellion_n etc._n etc._n print_v 1658._o in_o his_o 5_o chapter_n i_o have_v already_o quote_v for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v ancient_o a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prove_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o christian_a kingdom_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n he_o run_v through_o they_o all_o begin_v with_o germany_n which_o i_o shall_v contract_v because_o he_o there_o say_v a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n not_o so_o material_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o first_o beginning_n as_o of_o right_n with_o the_o german_a empire_n thuanus_n give_v this_o note_n in_o general_n 2._o imperium_fw-la in_o tria_fw-la omnino_fw-la membra_fw-la dividitur_fw-la that_o the_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o estate_n over_o all_o which_o the_o emperor_n be_v the_o head_n or_o supreme_a prince_n of_o these_o the_o first_o estate_n be_v ex_fw-la sacro_fw-la ordine_fw-la of_o the_o holy_a hierarchy_n compose_v of_o the_o three_o spiritual_a elector_n together_o with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o many_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o prelate_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o nobility_n consist_v of_o the_o three_o temporal_a elector_n the_o duke_n marquess_n lanâ—graves_n bâ—tgraves_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o determinate_a number_n the_o emperor_n have_v power_n to_o add_v daily_o to_o they_o as_o he_o see_v occasion_n the_o three_o estate_n be_v of_o the_o free_a or_o imperial_a city_n in_o number_n sixty_o or_o thereabouts_o who_o represent_v themselves_o at_o the_o general_n diâ—ts_v by_o such_o commissioner_n or_o deputy_n as_o be_v authorize_v to_o that_o purpose_n next_o pass_v we_o over_o into_o france_n and_o there_o we_o find_v the_o subject_n marshal_v into_o three_o estate_n whereof_o the_o clergy_n be_v the_o first_o rex_fw-la coactis_fw-la tribus_fw-la ordinibas_n sacerdotio_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la plebe_n subsidia_fw-la rei_fw-la pecuniariae_fw-la petiit_fw-la so_o paulus_n aemilius_n do_v inform_v we_o out_o of_o these_o three_o be_v choose_v certain_a delegate_n or_o commissioner_n some_o for_o each_o estate_n as_o often_o as_o the_o king_n occasion_n do_v require_v their_o meeting_n the_o time_n and_o place_n whereof_o be_v absolute_o leave_v unto_o his_o dispose_n and_o these_o thus_o i_o do_v make_v up_o the_o conventus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la or_o l'_fw-mi assembly_n des_fw-fr estate_n as_o the_o french_a man_n call_v it_o in_o form_n much_o like_o the_o english_a parliament_n and_o of_o the_o meeting_n of_o these_o three_o estate_n not_o only_o this_o author_n but_o all_o the_o other_o french_a historian_n and_o in_o particular_a phil._n the_o commine_v make_v frequent_a mention_n pass_v we_o next_o over_o the_o pyrenâ—â—s_n to_o the_o realm_n of_o spain_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o each_o the_o same_o three_o estate_n who_o meeting_n they_o call_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o curia_n 3._o the_o court_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o way_n of_o eminency_n consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o commisioner_n of_o the_o province_n and_o most_o ancient_a city_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o we_o need_v but_o look_v into_o the_o general_n history_n of_o spain_n translate_v out_o of_o french_a by_o grimston_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v a_o court_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o realm_n of_o arragon_n consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n nobles_z and_o deputy_n of_o town_n and_o commonalty_n have_v place_n in_o the_o say_a estate_n convene_v by_o k._n james_n at_o saragassa_n anno_fw-la 1325._o for_o settle_v the_o succession_n 14._o and_o declare_v the_o right_a heir_n also_o for_o castille_n we_o find_v a_o parliament_n of_o lord_n prelate_n and_o deputy_n of_o town_n summon_v at_o toledo_n by_o alfonso_n the_o noble_a anno_fw-la 1210._o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o invasion_n make_v by_o the_o moor_n 10._o another_o before_o that_o at_o burgos_n under_o the_o same_o king_n anno_fw-la 1179._o for_o levy_v of_o money_n on_o the_o people_n to_o maintain_v the_o war_n also_o that_o great_a convention_n of_o the_o state_n hold_v at_o toledo_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_n 1479._o for_o swear_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o son_n don_n john_n lib._n in_o which_o the_o prelate_n the_o nobility_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n which_o send_v commissioner_n to_o the_o assemblâ—_n be_v express_o name_v thus_o final_o do_v we_o find_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o navarre_n at_o the_o town_n of_o tosalla_n anno_fw-la 1481._o for_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n in_o obedience_n to_o king_n francis_n plâ—eoâ—s_v be_v then_o a_o minor_a under_o age_n 22._o and_o for_o portugal_n that_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n province_n and_o good_a town_n of_o portugal_n assemble_v at_o tomaâ—a_n anno_fw-la 15â—1_n to_o acknowledge_v philip_n the_o second_o for_o their_o king_n 30._o and_o to_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v now_o let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n and_o still_o we_o find_v the_o people_n rank_v in_o the_o self_n same_o manner_n and_o their_o great_a counsel_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o certain_a deputy_n send_v from_o the_o province_n and_o city_n as_o in_o those_o before_o in_o hungary_n before_o that_o realm_n receive_v the_o gospel_n 1._o we_o read_v of_o none_o but_o nobiles_fw-la &_o plebeii_fw-la the_o nobility_n and_o common_a people_n who_o do_v concur_v to_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n admit_v and_o a_o clergy_n institute_v but_o instant_o we_o find_v a_o three_o estate_n episcopos_fw-la &_o sacerdotum_fw-la collegia_fw-la 3._o bishop_n and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n super_fw-la add_v to_o they_o for_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o dispatch_n of_o other_o business_n which_o concern_v the_o public_a as_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o danemark_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o if_o we_o mark_v it_o well_o for_o though_o pontanus_n seem_v to_o count_v upon_o five_o estate_n make_v the_o regal_a family_n to_o be_v the_o first_o 7._o and_o subdivide_v the_o commons_o into_o two_o whereof_o the_o yeomanry_n make_v one_o and_o the_o trade_n man_n or_o citizen_n the_o other_o yet_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o history_n we_o find_v only_o three_o which_o
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o 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you_o quote_v it_o yet_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o any_o validity_n be_v no_o doubt_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n then_o in_o arm_n and_o which_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o at_o that_o time_n refuse_v and_o so_o he_o be_v indeed_o under_o a_o kind_n of_o duress_n when_o he_o do_v it_o and_o beside_o pray_v mark_v the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o clause_n this_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v salva_n persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nos_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la now_o how_o this_o security_n here_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n person_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o open_a war_n the_o baron_n make_v afterward_o against_o his_o very_a person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n and_o call_v in_o prince_n lewis_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o can_v understand_v f._n i_o think_v all_o this_o 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resistance_n as_o you_o term_v it_o of_o subject_n against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n f._n for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v then_o at_o all_o condemn_v this_o defence_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v before_o make_v of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o though_o he_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o former_a power_n by_o avoid_v the_o oxford_n provision_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o this_o be_v do_v 992._o as_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o he_o express_o except_v the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n vniversâ—li_n seil_fw-fr angliae_fw-la concessae_fw-la and_o from_o which_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la in_o nullo_n intendibat_fw-la penâ—tus_fw-la derogare_fw-la and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o intend_v to_o derogate_v from_o they_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o justice_n condemn_v the_o only_a mean_n the_o baron_n have_v to_o maintain_v they_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o fresh_a promise_n and_o oath_n of_o this_o fickle_a inconstant_a king_n all_o break_a and_o lay_v aside_o so_o that_o you_o may_v as_o well_o or_o better_o allege_v the_o pope_n shameful_a absolution_n of_o this_o king_n from_o this_o oath_n he_o have_v make_v to_o observe_v the_o great_a charter_n as_o a_o argument_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o long_o bind_v by_o they_o nor_o the_o baron_n oblige_v to_o defend_v they_o as_o this_o sentence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o render_v the_o resistance_n the_o baron_n have_v make_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o that_o king_n henry_n himself_o do_v afterward_o allow_v this_o resistance_n for_o good_a and_o lawful_a pray_v see_v the_o agreement_n which_o be_v not_o long_o after_o make_v in_o full_a parliament_n 5._o in_o the_o 49th_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n whereby_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n and_o ordinance_n which_o have_v be_v before_o agree_v upon_o at_o london_n in_o the_o 48th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o then_o follow_v this_o clause_n in_o the_o record_n which_o the_o doctor_n himself_o have_v print_v in_o his_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a because_o it_o be_v very_o old_a and_o obscure_a it_o be_v thus_o and_o if_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n viz._n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o ordinance_n aforesaid_a or_o shall_v grieve_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o their_o party_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o thing_n aforesaid_a that_o then_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n
in_o french_a hauz_fw-fr homes_n &_o comun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v rise_v against_o they_o to_o grieve_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o they_o in_o nothing_o and_o in_o do_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o nothing_o until_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v amend_v and_o maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n and_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o this_o record_n agree_v this_o king_n latin_a charter_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n recite_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n 217._o an._n 1264._o only_o the_o word_n there_o be_v more_o general_n that_o if_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n shall_v break_v the_o say_a peace_n by_o hurt_v or_o fall_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a liceat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la insurgere_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la gravamen_fw-la nostrum_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o operam_fw-la dare_v juxta_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la praesenti_fw-la praecepto_fw-la nostro_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la volumus_fw-la obligaâ—i_fw-la fideliter_fw-la &_o homagis_fw-la nobis_fw-la facto_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n this_o resistance_n may_v be_v exercise_v notwithstanding_o the_o homage_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o this_o be_v that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o i_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o you_o to_o have_v be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o same_o roll_n 5._o and_o in_o the_o same_o membrane_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la nostri_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o doctor_n brady_n think_v fit_a to_o conceal_v and_o not_o publish_v with_o the_o former_a record_n because_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o at_o all_o suit_n with_o his_o notion_n in_o this_o place_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o so_o solemn_a a_o agreement_n upon_o the_o record_n will_v have_v be_v very_o considerable_a have_v it_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v be_v free_a dein_fw-ge and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n whereas_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o power_n of_o simon_n montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n who_o call_v that_o famous_a parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v first_o summon_v 143._o and_o therefore_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o deliver_v at_o this_o time_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n his_o father_n out_o of_o their_o power_n and_o be_v only_o take_v out_o of_o dover_n castle_n and_o make_v a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a under_o a_o guard_n as_o his_o father_n be_v until_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n from_o his_o keeper_n at_o hereford_n castle_n so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o value_n this_o agreement_n because_o make_v by_o duress_n though_o i_o confess_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v express_v that_o it_o be_v de_fw-la unanimi_fw-la coâ—sensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la etc._n etc._n edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o by_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n have_v discharge_v himself_o of_o all_o royal_a power_n and_o confirm_v this_o agreement_n whereby_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o nine_o earl_n and_o baron_n f._n at_o this_o rate_n no_o act_n that_o a_o king_n can_v do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o though_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n can_v ever_o be_v bind_v for_o it_o be_v but_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o duress_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v it_o null_n and_o void_a but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_o the_o general_a consent_n act_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o own_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o party_n and_o far_o that_o this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v not_o after_o count_v for_o treason_n or_o rebellion_n appear_v by_o that_o pardon_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n 161_o with_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n in_o which_o he_o pardon_v the_o say_a earl_n and_o all_o his_o company_n and_o also_o all_o the_o londoner_n all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o king_n quit_v and_o discharge_v the_o earl_n and_o his_o company_n so_o do_v the_o say_a earl_n hereby_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o company_n remit_v to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o king_n any_o thing_n do_v since_o that_o moment_n that_o be_v that_o civil_a war_n in_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o evesham_n so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o rebellion_n that_o the_o pardon_n be_v make_v mutual_a not_o only_o for_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v he_o but_o also_o for_o those_o that_o have_v take_v the_o king_n part_n but_o i_o shall_v come_v now_o to_o his_o son_n and_o successor_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o where_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n assert_v more_o than_o once_o not_o only_o by_o private_a man_n but_o by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n that_o be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n command_n or_o permission_n at_o least_o in_o the_o 29_o of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o earl_n 436._o baron_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o pope_n boniface_n the_o eight_o in_o vindication_n of_o the_o king_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n to_o which_o you_o will_v find_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la permittimus_fw-la nec_fw-la permittemus_fw-la sicut_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la debemus_fw-la praemissa_fw-la tam_fw-la insolita_fw-la indebita_fw-la &_o praejudicialia_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la inaudita_fw-la praelibatum_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la regem_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la vellet_fw-la facere_fw-la modo_fw-la quolibit_fw-la attemptare_fw-la which_o restraint_n of_o the_o king_n will_n must_v certain_o mean_v some_o what_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a remonstrance_n or_o declaration_n against_o it_o since_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n king_n make_v nothing_o of_o mere_a verbal_a declaration_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n they_o think_v belong_v to_o their_o prerogative_n though_o the_o parliament_n declare_v against_o it_o and_o to_o let_v you_o far_o see_v that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o believe_v and_o practise_v all_o over_o europe_n you_o will_v find_v almost_o the_o same_o clause_n in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno_fw-la 1203._o which_o fall_v about_o the_o 30_o of_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o be_v send_v to_o the_o same_o pope_n boniface_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o manifold_a usurpation_n upon_o the_o church_n of_o france_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o that_o kingdom_n 954._o whereby_o it_o not_o only_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n baron_n etc._n etc._n &_o communitates_fw-la villarum_fw-la but_o they_o also_o there_o declare_v expressius_fw-la viva_fw-la voce_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la praesatus_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la quod_fw-la absit_fw-la toleraâ—â—_n uâ—l_v dissimulate_v veilet_fw-la ipsi_fw-la scil_n episcopi_fw-la &_o barones_n &c._n &c._n nullotâ—nus_fw-la sustinerent_fw-la so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o temporal_a estate_n but_o the_o very_a clergy_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v the_o king_n to_o act_v thus_o no_o not_o if_o he_o will_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n do_v actual_o put_v this_o doctrine_n in_o execution_n some_o few_o year_n before_o
against_o those_o that_o be_v commissioned_n by_o he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o military_a commission_n and_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o mayor_n of_o city_n or_o other_o corporation_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o former_a statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o this_o king_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n from_o both_o which_o statute_n and_o declaration_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o militia_n i._n e._n the_o command_n of_o all_o military_a force_n and_o warlike_a affair_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n second_o that_o either_o or_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v make_v any_o war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o he_o etc._n etc._n pray_v mark_v that_o three_o that_o the_o contrary_a practice_n have_v tend_v almost_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n whereof_o this_o without_o doubt_n be_v intend_v for_o the_o chief_a have_v be_v instill_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n etc._n etc._n and_o last_o that_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o all_o person_n abovementioned_a be_v not_o only_o oblige_v to_o renounce_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o but_o also_o against_o any_o that_o shall_v be_v authorise_a by_o the_o king_n be_v military_a commission_n without_o any_o exception_n and_o it_o be_v far_o enact_v that_o all_o clergyman_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o take_v this_o oath_n as_o well_o as_o the_o laity_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o there_o ordain_v that_o all_o clergyman_n who_o be_v to_o enjoy_v any_o live_n or_o preferment_n in_o the_o church_n be_v likewise_o for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n next_o ensue_v oblige_v to_o subscribe_v this_o declaration_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o loyal_a clergy_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n think_v themselves_o not_o only_o tie_v by_o the_o express_a rule_n of_o scripture_n but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n strict_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n now_o pray_v see_v here_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n in_o its_o full_a amplitude_n 219._o yea_o this_o very_a doctrine_n declare_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o by_o two_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o can_v you_o think_v the_o two_o house_n be_v not_o in_o earnest_n when_o they_o make_v this_o declaration_n sure_o have_v they_o not_o be_v so_o they_o have_v be_v very_o ridiculous_a to_o jest_v with_o all_o our_o law_n and_o liberty_n have_v they_o not_o be_v i_o say_v very_o persuade_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o doctrine_n by_o law_n as_o well_o as_o by_o scripture_n so_o that_o i_o hope_v you_o must_v now_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o even_o our_o own_o representative_n have_v solemn_o renounce_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a nation_n all_o right_a of_o resistance_n so_o much_o as_o defensive_a against_o those_o commissioned_n by_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o pretence_n or_o occasion_n whatsoever_o and_o we_o have_v leave_v we_o nothing_o whereby_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o against_o our_o king_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o they_o no_o not_o if_o they_o never_o so_o much_o abuse_v their_o power_n but_o the_o old_a primitive_a artillery_n of_o preces_fw-la and_o lachryma_fw-la f._n as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v more_o than_o once_o say_v that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n if_o carry_v home_o always_o end_v in_o the_o deposition_n and_o murder_n of_o the_o king_n though_o it_o have_v i_o grant_v sometime_o happen_v yet_o that_o have_v not_o be_v always_o so_o but_o most_o often_o to_o the_o contrary_a as_o appear_v in_o those_o resistance_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o third_z edward_z the_o first_o and_o divers_a time_n in_o edward_n and_o richard_n the_o second_v reign_v before_o thing_n be_v drive_v to_o that_o 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uncle_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n who_o sure_o be_v too_o great_a to_o tell_v so_o notorious_a a_o lie_n 2683._o the_o speech_n you_o will_v find_v at_o large_a in_o knyghton_n begin_v thus_o domine_fw-la râ—x_fw-la and_o after_o many_o petition_n and_o good_a advice_n at_o last_o thus_o conclude_v which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a sed_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la aeliud_fw-la de_fw-la animo_fw-la nostro_fw-la superest_fw-la nobis_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la populi_n vestri_fw-la vobis_fw-la intimare_fw-la habint_fw-la enim_fw-la ex_fw-la antiquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la non_fw-la long_o retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la experienter_fw-la quod_fw-la dolendum_fw-la est_fw-la habito_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la maligno_fw-la consilio_fw-la quocunque_fw-la vel_fw-la inepta_fw-la conâ—â—macia_n aut_fw-la contemptu_fw-la seu_fw-la protervae_fw-la voluntate_fw-la singulari_fw-la aut_fw-la quovis_fw-la modo_fw-la irregulari_fw-la se_fw-la alienaverit_fw-la à _fw-la 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and_o consequent_o may_v be_v resist_v or_o else_o our_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la with_o all_o the_o other_o law_n that_o establish_v liberty_n and_o property_n as_o also_o our_o very_a religion_n itself_o establish_v by_o law_n may_v be_v either_o undermine_v by_o the_o king_n be_v new_a dispense_v power_n or_o else_o subvert_v by_o open_a force_n and_o every_o commission_n officer_n in_o a_o red_a coat_n will_v be_v as_o sacred_a and_o irresistible_a as_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o to_o conclude_v that_o the_o instance_n i_o have_v give_v that_o the_o king_n commission_n may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o nation_n nay_o of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n be_v not_o so_o unlikely_a and_o remote_a as_o you_o imagine_v pray_v let_v i_o put_v you_o in_o 〈◊〉_d that_o as_o for_o that_o pretend_a commission_n to_o sir_n phelim_n oneal_n though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o do_v prove_v afterward_o to_o be_v forge_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o know_v to_o be_v so_o till_o long_o after_o and_o therefore_o have_v all_o the_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a commission_n under_o the_o king_n be_v great_a seal_n the_o poor_a protestant_n in_o ireland_n be_v to_o have_v have_v their_o throat_n cut_v according_a to_o this_o oath_n before_o ever_o they_o can_v be_v satisfy_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o not_o but_o that_o a_o popish_a king_n persecute_v and_o destroy_v his_o protestant_a subject_n only_o for_o matter_n of_o religion_n be_v not_o so_o improbable_a a_o thing_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o the_o french_a king_n be_v late_a dragoon_n imprison_v and_o send_v to_o the_o galley_n all_o that_o refuse_v to_o renounce_v heresy_n as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o subscribe_v to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o romish_a religion_n have_v give_v we_o but_o too_o sad_a and_o recent_a a_o example_n and_o how_o you_o can_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o king_n act_v upon_o these_o very_a principle_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o like_a confessor_n will_v never_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o receive_v some_o better_a satisfaction_n than_o his_o bare_a word_n to_o the_o contrary_n nor_o yet_o be_v my_o other_o instance_n of_o its_o be_v leave_v according_a to_o your_o doctrine_n in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v a_o violent_a assault_n upon_o the_o person_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n whenever_o he_o please_v without_o any_o resistance_n whatsoever_o so_o remote_a and_o improbable_a as_o you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v it_o since_o you_o may_v find_v it_o still_o upon_o record_n among_o the_o article_n exhibit_v in_o parliament_n against_o robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n duke_n of_o ireland_n robert_n tresilian_n chief_a justice_n and_o sir_n nicholas_n brembur_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o secunda_fw-la which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o 15_o article_n of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o by_o their_o false_a council_n have_v cause_v the_o king_n to_o command_v the_o say_a nicholas_n be_v then_o mayor_n of_o london_n sudden_o to_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o kill_v and_o put_v to_o death_n the_o say_a lord_n viz._n thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o lord_n there_o name_v and_o the_o commons_o viz._n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 10_o of_o this_o king_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o party_n and_o conspiracy_n for_o the_o do_v of_o which_o wickedness_n the_o say_v grand_a traitor_n abovesaid_a be_v party_n and_o present_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o treason_n have_v not_o be_v discover_v and_o that_o no_o private_a person_n may_v then_o resist_v those_o commissioned_n by_o the_o king_n it_o will_v have_v be_v treason_n according_a to_o your_o principle_n for_o the_o say_a lord_n and_o commons_o to_o have_v resist_v those_o that_o be_v thus_o send_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o take_v away_o their_o life_n and_o what_o have_v once_o happen_v it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o it_o may_v happen_v again_o and_o we_o may_v remember_v how_o about_o little_a more_o than_o 30_o year_n since_o that_o the_o k._n of_o denmark_n shut_v up_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o coppenhagen_n and_o threaten_v they_o with_o death_n or_o imprisonment_n if_o they_o refuse_v to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o liberty_n and_o from_o a_o elective_a king_n make_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n absolute_a hereditary_a monarch_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o then_o base_o give_v up_o and_o betray_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n and_o what_o they_o have_v now_o get_v by_o it_o they_o best_o know_v therefore_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o
question_n pray_v therefore_o satisfy_v i_o if_o you_o can_v those_o great_a objection_n i_o have_v make_v first_o how_o this_o resistance_n can_v consist_v with_o with_o that_o sacredness_n and_o inviolableness_n which_o you_o yourself_o suppose_v to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n person_n for_o either_o this_o resistance_n in_o case_n of_o a_o invasion_n of_o our_o civil_a right_n must_v be_v make_v even_o when_o the_o king_n person_n be_v actual_o present_a to_o back_o those_o illegal_a commission_n or_o it_o must_v be_v forbear_v out_o of_o that_o due_a reverence_n and_o care_n of_o his_o royal_a person_n which_o the_o law_n enjoin_v if_o the_o former_a the_o king_n person_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v destroy_v whenever_o a_o faction_n party_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rise_v in_o arm_n and_o oppose_v the_o king_n commission_n upon_o pretence_n of_o their_o be_v against_o law_n but_o if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n this_o resistance_n be_v not_o allowable_a when_o the_o king_n person_n be_v present_a than_o all_o such_o resistance_n will_v signify_v nothing_o since_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o king_n in_o person_n shall_v appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o back_v his_o commission_n all_o your_o defensive_a arm_n as_o you_o call_v they_o must_v be_v immediate_o lay_v down_o unless_o they_o mean_v to_o destroy_v the_o sacred_a person_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o take_v it_o either_o way_n all_o resistance_n be_v either_o illegal_a or_o else_o unpracticable_a second_o i_o can_v as_o little_o understand_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n shall_v renounce_v all_o take_n up_o arm_n as_o well_o offensive_a as_o defensive_a against_o the_o king_n for_o themselves_o and_o yet_o shall_v leave_v a_o power_n in_o the_o diffusive_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n nay_o in_o any_o part_n thereof_o strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o rebellion_n which_o they_o think_v unlawful_a to_o exercise_v themselves_o last_o by_o what_o legal_a authority_n the_o people_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o can_v justify_v the_o take_n up_o even_o defensive_a arm_n since_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v that_o no_o arm_n can_v be_v take_v up_o regular_o but_o by_o the_o king_n authority_n and_o you_o have_v also_o disclaim_v all_o take_n up_o of_o arm_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o against_o those_o commissioned_n by_o virtue_n of_o such_o authority_n though_o i_o confess_v you_o except_o the_o case_n of_o self-defence_n and_o in_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o can_v find_v those_o exception_n allow_v of_o in_o any_o of_o our_o law-book_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a f._n i_o hope_v to_o give_v you_o such_o satisfaction_n to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o objection_n you_o have_v make_v as_o may_v serve_v any_o indifferent_a person_n therefore_o as_o to_o the_o first_o concern_v the_o sacredness_n of_o the_o king_n person_n which_o i_o allow_v of_o as_o well_o as_o you_o we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n distinguish_v between_o such_o commission_n as_o the_o king_n assure_v by_o colour_n of_o law_n when_o the_o judge_n for_o example_n have_v give_v their_o opinion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o ship-money_n for_o they_o be_v the_o sole_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o their_o determination_n be_v not_o to_o be_v oppose_v by_o force_n but_o legal_o reverse_v when_o the_o next_o parliament_n meeâ—_n and_o they_o be_v then_o to_o answer_v in_o parliament_n for_o their_o false_a interpretation_n and_o opinion_n as_o tresillian_n and_o his_o companion_n do_v in_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n ii_o and_o as_o the_o ten_o judge_n do_v upon_o the_o two_o house_n declaration_n against_o ship-money_n and_o their_o impeachment_n thereupon_o thus_o though_o mr._n hammpden_n refuse_v to_o pay_v ship-money_n when_o demand_v of_o he_o and_o rather_o choose_v to_o lie_v in_o prison_n than_o pay_v it_o yet_o it_o have_v be_v downright_a rebellion_n in_o case_n any_o resistance_n have_v be_v make_v by_o he_o against_o the_o levy_n of_o it_o but_o have_v this_o tax_n be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a power_n without_o such_o colour_n of_o law_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o resistance_n may_v have_v be_v make_v even_o against_o those_o that_o be_v commissioned_n by_o he_o to_o levy_v it_o and_o if_o any_o one_o town_n or_o hundred_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o seize_v such_o officer_n as_o presume_v thus_o to_o levy_v it_o against_o law_n the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n may_v have_v raise_v the_o posse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o seize_v all_o such_o offender_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o jail_n since_o the_o king_n commission_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v indemnify_v the_o person_n so_o commissioned_n in_o case_n the_o thing_n they_o be_v about_o to_o execute_v be_v contrary_a to_o law_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a mirror_n of_o justice_n 10._o which_o be_v own_v for_o good_a law_n at_o this_o day_n which_o speak_v of_o robbery_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o have_v this_o passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o render_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n french_a into_o this_o offence_n viz._n robbery_n all_o those_o fall_n that_o take_v other_o man_n good_n by_o commandment_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o great_a lord_n without_o the_o owner_n consent_n where_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o make_v between_o those_o that_o take_v away_o other_o man_n good_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o but_o it_o be_v robbery_n in_o all_o of_o they_o alike_o and_o consequent_o the_o actor_n may_v be_v alike_o seize_v and_o punish_v as_o robber_n the_o same_o be_v also_o allow_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o henry_n the_o 6_o whereby_o the_o king_n purveyor_n be_v forbid_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 40_o s._n or_o under_o 8._o without_o ready_a payment_n in_o hand_n of_o any_o person_n 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o then_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o king_n liege-people_n to_o retain_v their_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o to_o resist_v such_o purveyor_n and_o buyer_n so_o likewise_o the_o last_o clause_n in_o this_o oath_n viz._n in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o military_a commission_n seem_v to_o restrain_v it_o to_o such_o commission_n as_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n authority_n that_o be_v according_a to_o law_n and_o no_o other_o so_o that_o you_o see_v by_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n the_o king_n commission_n do_v not_o render_v any_o man_n irresistible_a unless_o he_o execute_v it_o according_a to_o law_n since_o the_o constable_n of_o each_o town_n may_v raise_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o to_o seize_v such_o wrong-doer_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o the_o high-constable_n of_o the_o hundred_o may_v raise_v the_o whole_a hundred_o and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o high_a constable_n may_v crave_v aid_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o assemble_v all_o the_o several_a hundred_o of_o the_o county_n till_o these_o malefactor_n be_v seize_v so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o stand_a force_n keep_v up_o in_o the_o nation_n as_o i_o have_v show_v you_o there_o be_v not_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o there_o can_v never_o be_v my_o clash_v between_o the_o king_n be_v civil_a and_o military_a commission_n and_o this_o be_v one_o great_a reason_n why_o no_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o act_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-fr concedendâ—_n be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o issue_v any_o commission_n to_o levy_v money_n without_o colour_n of_o law_n because_o they_o know_v they_o be_v void_a in_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o will_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o whole_a nation_n so_o that_o this_o will_v not_o have_v be_v take_v up_o arm_n by_o the_o king_n authority_n against_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o but_o only_o in_o order_n to_o bring_v those_o to_o justice_n who_o have_v not_o any_o commission_n at_o all_o to_o do_v what_o they_o do_v the_o law_n take_v no_o cognizance_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a commission_n when_o absolute_o against_o law_n nor_o if_o the_o king_n have_v join_v his_o own_o presence_n to_o such_o illegal_a commission_n will_v it_o have_v mend_v the_o matter_n or_o render_v these_o robber_n of_o other_o mâ—â—â—_n good_n any_o more_o irresistible_a than_o they_o be_v before_o since_o the_o king_n can_v give_v no_o mâ—n_z authority_n to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o have_v not_o power_n to_o do_v himself_o and_o therefore_o face_n his_o single_a person_n may_v be_v resist_v in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o ravish_v rob_n or_o murder_n people_n then_o sure_a his_o join_a himself_o with_o such_o man_n though_o never_o so_o numerous_a can_v never_o make_v
shall_v be_v persuade_v by_o some_o very_a ill_a man_n about_o he_o to_o play_v this_o or_o the_o like_a trick_n whenever_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o favour_v one_o party_n more_o than_o another_o and_o so_o shall_v hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n whenever_o he_o please_v can_v you_o think_v the_o nation_n will_v long_o endure_v this_o without_o any_o resistance_n or_o suppose_v to_o make_v the_o case_n more_o general_a the_o king_n shall_v undertake_v to_o lay_v a_o tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a nation_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o fear_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v levy_v shall_v resolve_v to_o do_v it_o by_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o his_o stand_a army_n and_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v resist_v shall_v march_v with_o they_o in_o person_n from_o one_o county_n throughout_o to_o another_o to_o see_v the_o money_n raise_v do_v you_o think_v the_o whole_a nation_n out_o of_o pure_a deference_n to_o the_o king_n person_n be_v bind_v to_o permit_v he_o to_o do_v whatever_o he_o please_v and_o let_v the_o soldier_n take_v this_o tax_n which_o they_o be_v certain_o not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v have_v he_o not_o be_v personal_o there_o m._n yes_o i_o be_o of_o that_o opinion_n that_o they_o ought_v for_o it_o be_v better_a to_o pay_v it_o then_o that_o a_o civil_a war_n shall_v happen_v about_o it_o in_o which_o the_o king_n person_n as_o well_o as_o the_o government_n may_v be_v destroy_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n because_o you_o fancy_n that_o the_o whole_a government_n consist_v in_o the_o king_n person_n alone_o which_o it_o do_v not_o but_o in_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o in_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n therefore_o you_o be_v mistake_v in_o suppose_v that_o this_o resistance_n must_v needs_o alter_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o government_n since_o it_o be_v undertake_v to_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o king_n may_v take_v what_o money_n he_o please_v from_o the_o people_n and_o make_v what_o law_n he_o will_v without_o the_o parliament_n and_o without_o suppose_v it_o lawful_a to_o resist_v he_o if_o he_o do_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n will_v be_v but_o a_o jest_n consider_v how_o light_a some_o prince_n make_v of_o their_o most_o solemn_a declaration_n to_o their_o people_n nay_o their_o very_a coronation_n oath_n now_o adays_o and_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a paradox_n that_o one_o man_n may_v defend_v his_o life_n and_o property_n against_o the_o king_n single_a person_n in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v he_o and_o yet_o that_o a_o whole_a nation_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a right_n and_o that_o a_o prince_n may_v not_o rob_v or_o murder_v man_n by_o himself_o yet_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o resistance_n in_o case_n he_o can_v raise_v a_o army_n to_o back_v he_o m._n let_v what_o will_v happen_v i_o be_o for_o understand_v this_o oath_n and_o declaration_n in_o the_o strict_a literal_a sense_n which_o you_o by_o your_o false_a gloss_n go_v about_o to_o destroy_v therefore_o to_o tell_v you_o plain_o my_o mind_n i_o think_v neither_o one_o single_a person_n nor_o yet_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v justify_v resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n no_o though_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v i_o it_o be_v better_a i_o be_v kill_v or_o lose_v all_o i_o have_v than_o that_o the_o sacred_a blood_n of_o my_o prince_n shall_v be_v shed_v by_o my_o hand_n since_o the_o whole_a parliament_n have_v on_o behalf_n of_o the_o people_n actual_o renounce_v all_o defensive_a arm_n against_o the_o king_n by_o which_o i_o suppose_v they_o mean_v all_o defensive_a arm_n against_o his_o person_n nor_o have_v you_o as_o yet_o answer_v my_o two_o last_o objection_n concern_v that_o renunciation_n of_o the_o two_o house_n and_o the_o want_n of_o a_o 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downright_a treason_n to_o resist_v they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o last_o difficulty_n will_v be_v easy_o answer_v viz._n by_o what_o authority_n or_o commission_n the_o people_n may_v make_v this_o general_a resistance_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o commission_n grant_v to_o person_n uncapable_a by_o law_n to_o take_v they_o or_o for_o illegal_a purpose_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v issue_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n will_v and_o knowledge_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o void_a in_o law_n and_o consequent_o the_o person_n not_o to_o be_v commission_v at_o all_o and_o so_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o king_n legal_a officer_n all_o over_o england_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v but_o if_o once_o the_o king_n shall_v countenance_v and_o abett_n such_o robber_n by_o his_o own_o personal_a presence_n this_o resistance_n may_v then_o be_v make_v and_o justify_v by_o the_o whole_a nation_n not_o by_o the_o 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the_o scripture_n say_v nor_o yet_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o former_a have_v not_o and_o the_o latter_a can_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o legal_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o where_o the_o supreme_a power_n reside_v and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o intent_n of_o this_o parliament_n never_o so_o much_o to_o bar_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o do_v thing_n absolute_o inconsistent_a and_o contradictory_n in_o themselves_o as_o they_o must_v have_v do_v have_v they_o make_v the_o person_n of_o all_o officer_n however_o commission_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_o irresistible_a and_o much_o more_o if_o they_o have_v induce_v the_o king_n presence_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n for_o they_o to_o commit_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n and_o yet_o have_v suppose_v they_o have_v thereby_o alter_v nothing_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n though_o they_o have_v render_v it_o instead_o of_o a_o limited_a a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n which_o as_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v it_o be_v in_o their_o will_n so_o neither_o be_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o grant_v if_o they_o will_v and_o therefore_o as_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v to_o be_v wise_a than_o the_o law_n so_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o to_o be_v any_o law_n at_o all_o in_o the_o sense_n you_o will_v put_v upon_o it_o so_o that_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o unwary_a declaration_n of_o a_o parliament_n of_o very_o young_a man_n not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n be_v come_v in_o who_o through_o the_o great_a abhorrence_n they_o have_v of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n raise_v by_o the_o parliament_n under_o colour_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n be_v draw_v in_o before_o they_o be_v aware_a to_o be_v a_o little_a too_o free_a in_o their_o expression_n not_o consider_v the_o 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nation_n as_o it_o be_v then_o the_o design_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o court-party_n to_o have_v do_v which_o vigorous_a opposition_n though_o in_o the_o small_a number_n yet_o meet_v with_o such_o good_a success_n that_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v not_o then_o carry_v it_o and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v afterward_o so_o much_o open_v that_o the_o king_n dare_v never_o offer_v this_o test_n any_o more_o to_o either_o of_o the_o two_o house_n so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v but_o consider_v this_o matter_n of_o fact_n how_o this_o test_n be_v first_o obtain_v and_o how_o afterward_o when_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o set_v up_o arbitrary_a power_n be_v also_o as_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o they_o and_o their_o be_v sensible_a that_o the_o parliament_n have_v go_v too_o far_o already_o in_o do_v what_o they_o have_v do_v i_o think_v none_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n in_o your_o sense_n except_o those_o clergyman_n 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common_a air_n they_o breathe_v in_o and_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o somewhere_o say_v that_o it_o be_v his_o maxim_n that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o people_n liberty_n and_o that_o the_o people_n liberty_n strengthen_v the_o king_n prerogative_n for_o indeed_o if_o the_o foundation_n be_v destroy_v the_o superstructure_n can_v stand_v and_o if_o this_o rule_n have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o this_o king_n son_n we_o have_v not_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o great_a confusion_n we_o now_o lie_v under_o for_o my_o lord_n bacon_n call_v those_o flatterer_n who_o put_v the_o king_n upon_o such_o dangerous_a course_n 41._o as_o great_a traitor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o court_n of_o heaven_n as_o he_o that_o draw_v his_o sword_n against_o he_o and_o king_n james_n i._o in_o his_o speech_n in_o parliament_n 1609._o call_v all_o those_o who_o persuade_v king_n not_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o law_n viper_n and_o pest_n both_o against_o they_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n m._n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o defend_v such_o ill_a man_n whoever_o they_o be_v yet_o since_o such_o insinuation_n be_v do_v private_o and_o in_o a_o corner_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a for_o subject_n to_o judge_v when_o such_o evil_a council_n be_v infuse_v into_o the_o ear_n of_o prince_n and_o much_o more_o unjust_a for_o they_o to_o make_v any_o resistance_n on_o pretence_n to_o remove_v they_o and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o absurdity_n of_o make_v subject_n both_o judge_n and_o party_n you_o have_v not_o yet_o tell_v i_o what_o number_n of_o man_n must_v be_v at_o once_o oppress_v in_o their_o fundamental_a right_n as_o you_o call_v they_o and_o who_o may_v make_v this_o resistance_n for_o methinks_v it_o be_v very_o absurd_a to_o give_v one_o county_n for_o example_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o free_a quarter_n a_o power_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n and_o resist_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o soldier_n when_o perhaps_o 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court_n take_v upon_o it_o to_o judge_n of_o matrimonial_a cause_n about_o alimony_n and_o concern_v â—lmoniacal_a contract_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n both_o of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n against_o religion_n and_o good_a manner_n which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n the_o late_a high_a commission_n court_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o determine_v and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o popish_a or_o nonconformist_a meeting_n it_o be_v because_o their_o hand_n be_v so_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o meddle_v either_o with_o papist_n or_o dissenter_n m._n i_o shall_v make_v no_o far_o reply_v appresent_v to_o what_o you_o now_o say_v till_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v once_o for_o all_o therefore_o i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o thing_n except_v against_o in_o the_o prince_n declaration_n viz._n the_o erect_n of_o public_a chapel_n for_o mass_n the_o protect_a of_o priest_n and_o the_o make_v a_o jesuit_n 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he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n 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of_o our_o english_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n though_o he_o may_v have_v some_o part_n to_o the_o english_a native_n and_o their_o heir_n yet_o so_o aâ—_n that_o he_o alter_v the_o tenure_n and_o make_v it_o descend_v with_o such_o burden_n as_o he_o please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o as_o well_o â—his_v own_o countryman_n norman_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o thus_o become_v subject_n and_o feudatary_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v in_o england_n since_o he_o be_v the_o only_a directus_fw-la dominus_fw-la or_o lord_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v also_o his_o vassal_n and_o subject_n for_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o death_n without_o heir_n those_o land_n be_v to_o return_v to_o he_o again_o and_o to_o be_v aâ—_n his_o dispossal_n so_o that_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o norman_n as_o other_o foreigner_n who_o have_v land_n grant_v to_o 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right_n custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o liable_a to_o resistance_n much_o less_o forfeiture_n if_o he_o neglect_v it_o for_o though_o if_o subject_n break_v their_o covenant_n and_o prove_v disloyal_a all_o their_o land_n and_o other_o right_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n yea_o if_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n break_v his_o oaâ—â—â—_n notwithstanding_o his_o sail_v therein_o neither_o his_o crown_n nor_o any_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o inequality_n be_v because_o the_o king_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n do_v not_o give_v law_n to_o he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o however_o you_o 〈◊〉_d the_o conqueror_n entrance_n whether_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n by_o a_o voluntary_a submission_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o conclusion_n can_v 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appear_v by_o the_o title_n to_o the_o latin_a custom_n of_o normandy_n which_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a french_a edition_n of_o the_o constumiers_fw-fr de_fw-fr normandy_n print_v at_o râ—aâ—_n 1515._o the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thuâ—_n jura_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la ducatus_fw-la noâ—maniae_fw-la the_o prologue_n to_o which_o begin_v thus_o quoniam_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o instituta_fw-la quae_fw-la normanorum_n principes_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la magna_fw-la provisionis_fw-la industria_n praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la prudentum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la humani_fw-la foederis_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o normandy_n be_v make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o that_o humane_a covenant_n they_o have_v former_o make_v with_o their_o first_o duke_n rollo_n when_o he_o have_v that_o duchy_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o whoever_o will_v consult_v the_o ancient_a history_n and_o law_n of_o that_o duchy_n will_v find_v theâ—â—_n duke_n of_o normandy_n no_o more_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o than_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v so_o that_o if_o their_o duke_n shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o estate_n or_o enslave_v the_o person_n of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n and_o people_n he_o may_v just_o have_v be_v resist_v by_o they_o and_o therefore_o their_o take_a land_n from_o k._n william_n after_o his_o pretend_a conquest_n here_o must_v either_o have_v confer_v a_o estate_n upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o normandy_n not_o according_a to_o the_o former_a for_o you_o assert_v that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n be_v general_o introduce_v by_o his_o come_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n law_n as_o 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to_o the_o crown_n of_o be_v his_o liegeman_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o his_o lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o say_a duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o may_v the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n have_v resist_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o case_n he_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o they_o nor_o be_v ever_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n accuse_v of_o rebellion_n for_o so_o do_v in_o all_o the_o war_n that_o they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o the_o hold_v of_o a_o estate_n by_o homage_n do_v not_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v be_v irresistible_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n of_o allegiance_n signify_v any_o more_o than_o that_o duty_n which_o the_o liegeman_n by_o the_o old_a norman_a law_n owe_v to_o their_o supreme_a lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n do_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o estate_n or_o to_o invade_v any_o of_o their_o just_a right_n by_o force_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o tenant_n to_o defy_v the_o lord_n and_o renounce_v their_o homage_n to_o they_o 388._o for_o which_o they_o use_v the_o barbarous_a latin_a word_n diffidare_fw-la in_o french_a to_o defy_v that_o be_v to_o renounce_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n which_o before_o they_o owe_v they_o and_o the_o supreme_a lord_n also_o oftentimes_o defy_v their_o tenant_n thus_o mat._n paris_n tell_v in_o anno_fw-la 1233._o that_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n defy_v richard_n the_o earl_n marshal_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v we_o find_v the_o earl_n justify_v himself_o in_o this_o manner_n 398._o be_v then_o in_o ireland_n first_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o never_o act_v treasonable_o against_o the_o king_n for_o he_o have_v unjust_o spoil_v i_o of_o my_o office_n of_o marshal_n without_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n and_o have_v proclaim_v i_o banish_v through_o all_o england_n he_o have_v burn_v my_o house_n destroy_v my_o land_n etc._n etc._n he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o defy_v i_o when_o i_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n from_o which_o time_n say_v he_o i_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o king_n liegeman_n and_o be_v absolve_v from_o his_o homage_n not_o by_o myself_o but_o by_o he_o and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o though_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n can_v forfeit_v his_o right_n though_o he_o break_v his_o part_n of_o the_o compact_a because_o of_o the_o inequality_n which_o there_o be_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o subject_a then_o this_o prerogative_n of_o nonresistance_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o land_n but_o as_o he_o be_v king_n and_o giveth_z law_n to_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v have_v some_o colour_n 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nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o divers_a county_n of_o england_n at_o the_o time_n when_o that_o survey_n be_v make_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o since_o so_o short_a a_o conversation_n as_o we_o will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o run_v into_o a_o long_a bead-roll_n of_o name_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o what_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mr._n atwood_n in_o his_o ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiqua_fw-la 92._o have_v observe_v out_o of_o doomsday_n book_n upon_o this_o subject_n where_o though_o he_o have_v not_o only_o go_v through_o but_o go_v over_o fifteen_o county_n of_o thirty_o that_o be_v survey_v in_o that_o book_n yet_o it_o will_v thereby_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o your_o dr._n be_v much_o mistake_v when_o he_o so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o englishman_n that_o hold_v land_n in_o england_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o taste_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v run_v through_o as_o many_o county_n as_o mr._n atwood_n have_v 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qui_fw-la residui_fw-la grant_v these_o be_v only_o the_o antiqui_fw-la
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o 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author_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n you_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o story_n because_o that_o in_o doomsday_n book_n the_o name_n of_o edwin_n of_o sharnborn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o that_o william_n de_fw-fr albeni_n be_v not_o name_v among_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o manor_n which_o be_v not_o material_a since_o this_o william_n may_v obtain_v a_o share_n therein_o after_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v 103._o and_o as_o for_o sharnborn_a himself_o his_o not_o be_v there_o mention_v be_v no_o argument_n that_o he_o have_v no_o land_n within_o that_o manor_n or_o the_o other_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o that_o narrative_a since_o oftentimes_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n though_o all_o the_o proprietor_n under_o they_o be_v not_o particular_o name_v but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o discourse_v any_o long_o with_o you_o upon_o the_o subject_a of_o your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o english_a owner_n i_o have_v give_v you_o my_o opinion_n and_o the_o reason_n against_o it_o and_o if_o you_o be_v not_o of_o my_o mind_n i_o can_v help_v it_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o your_o next_o head_n and_o show_v i_o by_o sufficient_a authority_n that_o king_n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n alter_v all_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o alter_v all_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v in_o quite_o new_a one_o yet_o that_o he_o do_v so_o in_o great_a part_n and_o that_o by_o his_o sole_a authority_n i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v by_o sufficient_a testimony_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o of_o eadmer_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n a_o companion_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n who_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o william_n design_v to_o establish_v in_o england_n those_o usage_n and_o law_n 32._o which_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o observe_v in_o normandy_n make_v such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n through_o the_o whole_a nation_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o reluctancy_n and_o disobedience_n to_o they_o know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o they_o be_v raise_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n he_o order_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v recount_v in_o what_o thing_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n and_o because_o also_o any_o one_o may_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v guess_v what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_o from_o which_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o k._n william_n do_v not_o only_a design_n to_o alter_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o do_v also_o actual_o do_v it_o since_o to_o that_o end_n he_o make_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n who_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n in_o all_o court_n such_o as_o he_o can_v whole_o confide_v in_o now_o that_o k._n william_n govern_v the_o nation_n as_o conqueror_n and_o do_v so_o live_v and_o repute_v himself_o so_o to_o be_v and_o as_o such_o bring_v in_o and_o impose_v new_a law_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o these_o particular_n first_o the_o justiciaries_n or_o chief_n justice_n the_o chancellor_n the_o lawyer_n the_o ministerial_a officer_n and_o under_o judge_n earls_z sheriff_n bailiff_n hundre_v duty_n be_v all_o norman_n from_o his_o first_o come_v until_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o as_o i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o by_o particular_a instance_n and_o undeniable_a reason_n be_v not_o the_o catalogue_n too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o insert_v if_o therefore_o the_o justiciaries_n chancellor_n earl_n sheriff_n lord_n of_o manor_n such_o as_o hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n be_v norman_n if_o the_o lawyer_n and_o pleader_n be_v also_o norman_n the_o plead_n and_o judgement_n in_o their_o several_a court_n must_n of_o necessity_n have_v be_v in_o that_o language_n and_o the_o law_n also_o i_o mean_v the_o norman_a law_n otherwise_o they_o have_v say_v and_o do_v they_o know_v not_o what_o and_o judged_n they_o know_v not_o how_o especial_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o military_a man_n as_o earls_z sheriff_n lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n that_o understand_v not_o the_o english_a tongue_n or_o law_n or_o when_o the_o chief_n justiciary_a himself_n be_v a_o military_a man_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v and_o understand_v only_o the_o norman_a language_n and_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v believe_v these_o man_n will_v give_v themselves_o the_o trouble_n of_o learning_n and_o understand_v the_o english_a law_n and_o language_n second_o though_o we_o have_v many_o law_n and_o custom_n from_o the_o 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if_o not_o all_o
the_o prince_n have_v demand_v this_o will_v have_v be_v not_o to_o have_v be_v parallele_v any_o where_o but_o in_o a_o romance_n but_o as_o for_o those_o officer_n and_o soldier_n who_o you_o say_v deserted_n the_o king_n and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o prince_n from_o salisbury_n though_o i_o grant_v they_o make_v a_o great_a noise_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o a_o thousand_o man_n soldiers_z officer_n and_o all_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v which_o be_v but_o a_o small_a number_n in_o comparison_n with_o the_o king_n whole_a army_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v very_o well_o be_v defend_v upon_o the_o same_o principle_n with_o the_o former_a for_o if_o the_o violation_n of_o our_o liberty_n be_v so_o great_a and_o dangerous_a as_o i_o have_v now_o set_v forth_o those_o gentleman_n be_v certain_o oblige_v to_o prefer_v the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n before_o any_o private_a interest_n or_o obligation_n whatsoever_o though_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o his_n than_o their_o fault_n if_o they_o disert_v he_o and_o as_o for_o their_o go_v away_o whilst_o they_o be_v his_o soldier_n and_o with_o their_o commission_n in_o their_o pocket_n i_o suppose_v you_o can_v expect_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v ever_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o have_v quit_v his_o service_n or_o have_v accept_v of_o their_o commission_n if_o they_o will_v have_v surrender_v they_o unless_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o have_v clap_v they_o up_o in_o prison_n for_o offer_v of_o it_o and_o if_o then_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o it_o be_v theiâ—_n duty_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v but_o a_o punctilio_n of_o honour_n whether_o they_o go_v away_o with_o their_o commission_n in_o their_o pocket_n or_o have_v leave_v they_o behind_o they_o since_o their_o go_v off_o be_v a_o surrender_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o a_o sufficient_a declaration_n â—â—at_o they_o can_v not_o with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n serve_v the_o king_n any_o long_o in_o this_o quarrel_n and_o you_o see_v that_o the_o go_v off_o of_o these_o few_o have_v such_o a_o fatal_a effect_n that_o it_o cast_v such_o a_o panic_n terror_n upon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a popish_a faction_n about_o he_o as_o to_o make_v he_o run_v away_o to_o london_n without_o strike_v a_o stroke_n but_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o d._n with_o the_o duke_n of_o grafton_n and_o ormond_n lord_n churchill_n be_v convince_v of_o the_o danger_n this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n appear_v by_o their_o leave_v the_o king_n and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o prince_n where_o they_o can_v never_o expect_v to_o be_v put_v into_o high_a place_n of_o honour_n or_o trust_v than_o what_o they_o enjoy_v already_o under_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o that_o expression_n of_o the_o lord_n churchill_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o king_n be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o he_o can_v no_o long_o join_v 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raise_v about_o it_o the_o king_n may_v thank_v those_o of_o his_o own_o religion_n who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n of_o the_o queen_n lying-inn_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o look_v very_o suspicious_a to_o we_o protestant_n who_o do_v not_o put_v much_o faith_n in_o the_o miracle_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n that_o immediate_o after_o the_o present_n of_o the_o golden_a angel_n to_o the_o lady_n of_o loretto_n and_o the_o king_n pilgrimage_n to_o st._n winifred_n well_o the_o queen_n after_o several_a year_n intermission_n shall_v again_o be_v with_o child_n and_o when_o she_o be_v so_o shall_v have_v two_o different_a reckon_n which_o though_o it_o may_v be_v forgive_v young_a woman_n of_o their_o first_o child_n yet_o those_o who_o have_v bear_v so_o many_o child_n as_o her_o majesty_n be_v common_o more_o experience_v in_o these_o matter_n m._n what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v it_o not_o prove_v by_o many_o credible_a witness_n and_o those_o of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n before_o the_o privy-council_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o present_a in_o the_o room_n when_o the_o queen_n be_v deliver_v but_o that_o they_o have_v see_v milk_n upon_o her_o linen_n before_o her_o delivery_n and_o that_o they_o have_v also_o feel_v her_o belly_n immediate_o before_o it_o and_o find_v that_o her_o majesty_n be_v big_a with_o child_n and_o ready_a to_o be_v deliver_v and_o the_o midwife_n swear_v that_o she_o actual_o deliver_v she_o so_o that_o since_o every_o person_n be_v to_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o true_a son_n of_o those_o parent_n that_o own_o he_o for_o they_o so_o nothing_o but_o a_o direct_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o that_o by_o undeniable_a evividence_n ought_v to_o make_v any_o man_n believe_v otherwise_o much_o more_o in_o the_o concern_n of_o the_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o i_o know_v not_o what_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v which_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o nice_a matter_n f._n and_o sir_n let_v i_o tell_v you_o because_o it_o be_v so_o nice_a a_o matter_n and_o concern_v no_o less_o than_o the_o succession_n of_o three_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n be_v to_o be_v full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o prince_n birth_n since_o they_o be_v all_o sufficient_o sensible_a that_o there_o want_v nothing_o but_o a_o male_a heir_n to_o entail_v popery_n on_o we_o and_o our_o posterity_n and_o therefore_o there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v present_a such_o person_n as_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o the_o court_n and_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v deligate_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n since_o the_o princess_n of_o denmark_n can_v not_o be_v there_o in_o person_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o only_a two_o lady_n who_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v be_v trust_v by_o the_o princess_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o queen_n labour_n be_v never_o send_v for_o till_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n and_o the_o child_n dress_v and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o witness_n they_o be_v either_o lord_n or_o other_o person_n who_o only_o swear_v they_o stand_v in_o the_o room_n at_o a_o distance_n and_o hear_v the_o queen_n cry_v out_o and_o immmediate_o after_o the_o child_n cry_v sometime_o before_o they_o see_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o lady_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o swear_v no_o further_a than_o the_o lord_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o they_o have_v swear_v in_o this_o matter_n there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o trick_n put_v upon_o they_o and_o they_o never_o the_o wise_a etc._n since_o you_o may_v read_v in_o siderfin_n report_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v deliver_v of_o a_o child_n by_o a_o midwife_n within_o the_o bed_n and_o yet_o many_o year_n after_o this_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o suposititious_a birth_n by_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o midwife_n and_o the_o poor_a woman_n who_o be_v the_o real_a mother_n of_o the_o child_n and_o other_o that_o have_v be_v of_o the_o conspiracy_n and_o what_o have_v be_v do_v once_o may_v be_v do_v again_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n himself_o with_o one_o or_o two_o lady_n depose_v something_o further_a as_o to_o milk_n and_o the_o feel_n of_o the_o child_n immediate_o before_o the_o birth_n but_o his_o majesty_n if_o it_o be_v a_o imposture_n be_v too_o deep_o concern_v in_o it_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o competent_a witness_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lady_n they_o be_v likewise_o be_v as_o the_o queen_n servant_n and_o have_v a_o immediate_a dependence_n upon_o she_o to_o be_v except_v against_o and_o under_o too_o much_o awe_n to_o speak_v the_o whole_a truth_n
but_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o none_o of_o they_o depose_v any_o thing_n concern_v their_o see_v any_o milk_n come_v from_o her_o majesty_n breast_n after_o she_o be_v deliver_v and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o i_o have_v have_v it_o from_o good_a hand_n that_o she_o have_v none_o afterward_o whatever_o she_o have_v before_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o since_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a but_o as_o for_o the_o midwife_n her_o deposition_n be_v equivocal_a that_o she_o take_v a_o child_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n she_o be_v also_o a_o papist_n and_o consequent_o a_o suspect_a witness_n in_o this_o cause_n whereas_o all_o this_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v have_v the_o queen_n be_v she_o real_o with_o child_n be_v persuade_v to_o be_v deliver_v not_o within_o the_o bed_n but_o upon_o a_o pallate_n where_o all_o the_o person_n who_o business_n and_o concern_v it_o be_v to_o be_v present_a may_v 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popish_a faction_n instead_o of_o suffer_v the_o election_n for_o parliament-man_n to_o proceed_v as_o he_o have_v promise_v and_o as_o be_v hope_v for_o by_o we_o all_o on_o a_o sudden_a he_o order_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n for_o election_n that_o be_v not_o send_v down_o to_o be_v burn_v and_o a_o caveat_n to_o be_v enter_v against_o the_o make_n use_n of_o those_o that_o be_v send_v already_o into_o the_o country_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o send_v order_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n to_o disband_v the_o army_n and_o dismiss_v all_o the_o soldier_n with_o their_o arms._n but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n that_o just_a before_o this_o the_o king_n have_v send_v away_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o prince_n into_o france_n and_o that_o she_o carry_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n along_o with_o she_o whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o king_n intend_v to_o put_v it_o whole_o out_o of_o his_o power_n to_o issue_v out_o any_o writ_n or_o 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a_o true_a and_o fair_a narrative_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o shall_v only_o offer_v two_o or_o three_o question_n to_o your_o consideration_n and_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o a_o fair_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o they_o first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o king_n fault_n that_o it_o be_v render_v impossible_a for_o parliament-man_n to_o be_v elect_v by_o burn_v of_o the_o writ_n and_o send_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n second_o whether_o the_o king_n by_o first_o steal_v away_o do_v not_o plain_o confess_v himself_o conquer_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o do_v thereby_o abdicate_v the_o government_n also_o by_o his_o obstinate_a refusal_n to_o redress_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n and_o all_o allegiance_n from_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v not_o after_o this_o to_o be_v own_a as_o king_n of_o england_n either_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n or_o any_o body_n else_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o treatment_n he_o after_o this_o receive_v from_o the_o prince_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o do_v to_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o a_o conquer_a prince_n and_o his_o highness_n may_v not_o only_o just_o refuse_v to_o treat_v with_o he_o any_o more_o as_o a_o crown_a head_n but_o may_v also_o have_v justify_v not_o only_o the_o take_v he_o prisoner_n but_o send_v he_o into_o holland_n if_o he_o have_v please_v but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o prince_n only_o desire_v his_o removal_n out_o of_o town_n from_o that_o conflux_n of_o papist_n that_o flock_v to_o he_o and_o by_o secure_v his_o person_n to_o put_v it_o out_o of_o their_o power_n to_o play_v a_o aftergame_n and_o rally_v the_o late_a disband_v army_n of_o who_o there_o be_v at_o least_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o the_o scotch_a irish_a and_o english_a who_o will_v have_v stand_v by_o the_o king_n till_o the_o last_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o the_o dutch_a counsel_n about_o the_o prince_n do_v not_o think_v it_o safe_a for_o he_o to_o come_v to_o town_n as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n have_v his_o guard_n about_o he_o at_o whitehall_n since_o they_o may_v have_v be_v increase_v to_o a_o army_n whenever_o he_o please_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v good_a breed_n and_o manner_n especial_o to_o king_n as_o also_o respect_n from_o a_o son-in-law_n to_o a_o father_n be_v duty_n incumbent_a upon_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o private_a man_n yet_o when_o these_o lesser_a thing_n stand_v in_o competition_n with_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o safety_n as_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a nation_n for_o which_o the_o prince_n be_v now_o engage_v if_o he_o may_v for_o these_o end_n just_o require_v the_o remove_n and_o secure_v the_o king_n person_n it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n what_o time_n of_o night_n he_o have_v notice_n to_o remove_v though_o this_o be_v not_o do_v neither_o with_o any_o design_n to_o affront_n or_o surprise_v he_o but_o happen_v indeed_o through_o pure_a accident_n for_o when_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o prince_n guard_n shall_v march_v to_o london_n and_o secure_a whitehall_n it_o be_v also_o resolve_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v notice_n to_o remove_v and_o since_o it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o let_v he_o know_v it_o till_o the_o post_n be_v all_o secure_v the_o way_n be_v very_o deep_a and_o dirty_a between_o windsor_n and_o london_n the_o dutch_a guard_n command_v by_o count_n solms_n can_v not_o reach_v the_o town_n till_o past_o ten_o at_o night_n and_o after_o that_o it_o be_v near_o twelve_o before_o the_o english_a guard_n about_o whitehall_n can_v be_v draw_v off_o without_o fight_v and_o till_o that_o be_v do_v it_o be_v not_o think_v at_o all_o proper_a or_o safe_a to_o deliver_v to_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n message_n for_o his_o departure_n so_o that_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o design_n that_o either_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o counsel_n who_o order_v it_o or_o of_o these_o lord_n who_o very_o well_o understand_v good_a breed_n thus_o to_o deliver_v their_o message_n to_o he_o at_o that_o time_n of_o night_n but_o though_o he_o be_v in_o bed_n yet_o that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o sleep_n be_v very_o probable_a since_o he_o have_v not_o be_v above_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o bed_n and_o it_o be_v not_o very_o likely_a he_o shall_v be_v a_o sleep_n when_o he_o very_o well_o know_v before_o of_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n troop_n about_o whitehall_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v without_o too_o much_o concern_v about_o it_o present_o to_o compose_v himself_o to_o sleep_v but_o as_o for_o his_o removal_n from_o london_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o his_o highness_n be_v so_o far_o from_o own_v or_o receive_v the_o king_n in_o the_o same_o capacity_n he_o be_v in_o before_o his_o departure_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o hear_v he_o be_v at_o the_o earl_n of_o winchelsea_n and_o about_o to_o return_v to_o london_n he_o send_v away_o monsieur_n zulestein_n with_o a_o letter_n to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o he_o desire_v he_o not_o as_o yet_o to_o come_v to_o london_n but_o to_o stay_v at_o rochester_n till_o he_o himself_o shall_v come_v to_o town_n but_o mounseur_fw-fr zulestein_n miss_v of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o way_n he_o come_v to_o whitehall_n yet_o can_v not_o but_o know_v that_o his_o be_v there_o be_v not_o with_o the_o prince_n consent_n since_o the_o same_o gentleman_n follow_v he_o thither_o and_o there_o deliver_v he_o the_o prince_n letter_n so_o that_o this_o second_o message_n by_o these_o lord_n can_v be_v no_o new_a thing_n or_o surprise_v to_o he_o yet_o that_o his_o highness_n never_o intend_v or_o act_v the_o least_o violence_n towards_o the_o king_n person_n may_v appear_v by_o this_o that_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o king_n choice_n what_o place_n he_o will_v go_v to_o as_o also_o what_o guard_n or_o other_o attendance_n he_o will_v take_v with_o he_o and_o the_o king_n refuse_v to_o take_v his_o english_a guard_n with_o he_o though_o they_o be_v offer_v he_o and_o indeed_o these_o dutch_a guard_n that_o attend_v he_o may_v in_o his_o majesty_n judgement_n be_v very_o well_o trust_v they_o be_v as_o well_o as_o their_o officer_n for_o the_o most_o part_n papist_n but_o that_o the_o prince_n do_v not_o intend_v either_o to_o detain_v his_o majesty_n person_n as_o a_o prisoner_n may_v appear_v in_o this_o that_o whilst_o he_o remain_v at_o rochester_n none_o that_o will_v be_v debar_v from_o access_n to_o he_o and_o that_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o guard_n be_v order_v to_o be_v under_o his_o command_n and_o every_o night_n to_o take_v the_o word_n from_o he_o and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o king_n
command_v a_o sentry_n to_o be_v draw_v off_o from_o his_o usual_a post_n he_o can_v never_o have_v go_v away_o without_o be_v discover_v and_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v away_o at_o noon_n day_n i_o know_v not_o who_o unless_o the_o rabble_n will_v have_v hinder_v he_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o be_v the_o civil_a and_o mild_a usage_n that_o a_o vanquish_a prince_n can_v expect_v from_o he_o that_o have_v so_o much_o the_o better_a of_o he_o and_o in_o who_o power_n he_o now_o be_v and_o i_o doubt_v more_o than_o the_o king_n will_v have_v allow_v the_o prince_n have_v it_o be_v his_o fortune_n to_o have_v get_v he_o as_o much_o in_o his_o power_n nay_o the_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v confine_v that_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o have_v the_o liberty_n give_v he_o to_o go_v whither_o he_o please_v nor_o be_v these_o guard_n place_v so_o much_o about_o he_o for_o his_o confinement_n as_o to_o secure_v he_o from_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o rabble_n 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whole_a nation_n and_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o particular_a require_v at_o his_o hand_n but_o that_o he_o must_v send_v a_o loose_a and_o uncertain_a message_n which_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o disow_v whenever_o he_o please_v by_o say_v the_o foolish_a woman_n mistake_v his_o meaning_n and_o she_o also_o may_v be_v so_o much_o his_o creature_n as_o to_o take_v the_o fault_n whole_o upon_o herself_o whenever_o it_o shall_v serve_v the_o king_n turn_v so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o wise_o and_o honest_o do_v of_o those_o reverend_a prelet_n to_o refuse_v meddle_v in_o such_o a_o ticklish_a affair_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o his_o not_o make_v any_o such_o proposal_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n himself_o or_o the_o lord_n about_o he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v privy_a to_o it_o but_o rather_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v on_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o and_o without_o give_v he_o any_o satisfaction_n in_o his_o particular_a concern_v as_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o last_o i_o desire_v you_o far_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o king_n may_v not_o hereafter_o when_o ever_o he_o have_v power_n have_v make_v void_a whatever_o agreement_n or_o concession_n he_o shall_v have_v then_o grant_v either_o to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n or_o to_o the_o nation_n by_o plead_v afterward_o that_o they_o be_v obtain_v by_o decree_n whilst_o he_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o add_v which_o i_o before_o omit_v which_o be_v to_o make_v some_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o mischief_n that_o the_o mob_n have_v do_v upon_o house_n forest_n and_o praks_n since_o his_o majesty_n first_o departure_n and_o therefore_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o much_o mischief_n and_o spoil_n have_v be_v commit_v yet_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o have_v be_v do_v 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in_o prison_n and_o the_o first_o act_n this_o king_n do_v after_o his_o restoration_n chronicle_n be_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n which_o revoke_v all_o the_o former_a statute_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o 39_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 6_o the_o and_o 1_o st_z of_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o and_o then_o entail_v the_o crown_n anew_o upon_o the_o issue_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n who_o then_o take_v part_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o his_o own_o brother_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o return_v again_o not_o long_o after_o into_o england_n and_o regain_n the_o crown_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o the_o say_a king_n be_v not_o only_o murder_v together_o with_o his_o son_n prince_n henry_n but_o in_o the_o next_o parliament_n be_v also_o attaint_v of_o treason_n with_o all_o other_o of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o lot_n let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o very_a act_n be_v now_o null_a and_o 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and_o may_v have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o if_o his_o ambitious_a uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n have_v not_o plot_v to_o defeat_v he_o of_o it_o and_o know_v very_o well_o that_o he_o have_v no_o way_n to_o bring_v it_o about_o but_o by_o incite_v a_o corrupt_a party_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n chronicle_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o some_o of_o his_o party_n in_o the_o city_n to_o set_v forth_o by_o way_n of_o petition_n to_o the_o duke_n than_o protector_n of_o the_o king_n and_o realm_n that_o all_o the_o child_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o be_v bastard_n suppose_v that_o king_n to_o have_v be_v contract_v with_o a_o certain_a woman_n call_v eleanor_n boteler_n before_o he_o marry_a queen_n elizabeth_n moreover_o that_o the_o blood_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n george_n duke_n of_o clarence_n decease_v be_v attaint_v so_o that_o none_o of_o the_o lineal_a blood_n of_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n can_v be_v find_v uncorrupted_a 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man_n have_v in_o a_o estate_n which_o be_v his_o right_n let_v he_o be_v what_o he_o will_v or_o let_v he_o manage_v it_o how_o he_o will_n whereas_o in_o the_o right_n to_o a_o kingdom_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n that_o the_o representative_n of_o a_o nation_n as_o the_o convention_n be_v ought_v to_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o commonwealth_n than_o to_o the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n whosoever_o or_o howsoever_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o advancement_n of_o such_o a_o person_n to_o the_o throne_n will_v prove_v destructive_a to_o our_o religion_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o apply_v what_o i_o have_v say_v to_o the_o point_n now_o in_o question_n let_v we_o therefore_o at_o the_o present_a suppose_n that_o your_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v true_a and_o lawful_a son_n to_o king_n james_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o let_v i_o also_o far_o suppose_v that_o in_o his_o late_a passage_n over_o sea_n he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o pirate_n of_o algiers_n or_o tunis_n and_o by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o one_o of_o those_o place_n and_o be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n and_o after_o he_o have_v be_v circumcise_a and_o full_o ground_v in_o that_o abominable_a superstition_n the_o grand_a signior_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o argier_n and_o tunis_n shall_v send_v this_o nation_n word_n that_o if_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v he_o quiet_o for_o their_o king_n and_o allow_v he_o all_o those_o priest_n he_o shall_v bring_v with_o he_o a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o england_n they_o will_v then_o make_v war_n upon_o this_o nation_n with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v i_o ask_v you_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o we_o shall_v receive_v he_o for_o our_o king_n or_o keep_v he_o out_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v it_o be_v a_o nice_a question_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o never_o do_v yet_o nor_o i_o hope_v will_v ever_o come_v to_o pass_v i_o think_v i_o may_v free_o answer_v you_o that_o suppose_v this_o prince_n can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o who_o be_v carry_v away_o so_o many_o year_n ago_o we_o ought_v notwithstanding_o his_o false_a belief_n to_o receive_v he_o especial_o if_o he_o will_v solemn_o swear_v only_o to_o worship_n god_n in_o private_a after_o his_o own_o way_n and_o that_o he_o will_v swear_v not_o to_o violate_v our_o religion_n or_o invade_v our_o liberty_n and_o property_n and_o this_o be_v do_v i_o think_v we_o ought_v then_o to_o admit_v he_o for_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n since_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v because_o they_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o the_o people_n or_o nation_n they_o govern._n f._n very_o well_o but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o in_o this_o you_o be_v much_o more_o kind_a to_o mahometan_n and_o heretical_a prince_n than_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v decree_v that_o no_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o a_o crown_n who_o be_v a_o pagan_a turk_n or_o heretic_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o state_n of_o france_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o pope_n decree_n refuse_v to_o own_o henry_n king_n of_o navarre_n for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o also_o that_o the_o papist_n of_o the_o nuntio_n party_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a rebellion_n refuse_v to_o own_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o ormond_n for_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o protestant_n but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o question_n or_o two_o further_a suppose_v this_o prince_n refuse_v to_o promise_v these_o or_o such_o thing_n or_o else_o if_o he_o do_v promise_v and_o 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well_o suppose_v all_o this_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v his_o right_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o it_o will_n f._n you_o have_v say_v enough_o i_o desire_v no_o more_o but_o i_o hope_v every_o true_a protestant_n and_o english_a man_n will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n if_o ever_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v happen_v but_o indeed_o it_o appear_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o a_o natural_a disability_n such_o as_o ideocy_n or_o lunacy_n shall_v be_v esteem_v sufficient_a in_o all_o kingdom_n to_o debarr_v the_o next_o heir_n from_o the_o government_n and_o yet_o that_o a_o moral_a or_o a_o religious_a disability_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v rebel_v against_o or_o resist_v mere_o because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o his_o subject_n for_o i_o be_v never_o for_o resist_a king_n james_n mere_o upon_o that_o score_n yet_o it_o be_v 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roman-catholick_n religion_n yet_o sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o that_o which_o profess_v all_o the_o article_n of_o our_o creed_n and_o in_o which_o we_o of_o our_o church_n own_o salvation_n may_v be_v obtain_v and_o the_o mahometan_a superstition_n which_o deny_v that_o fundamental_a article_n of_o our_o creed_n viz._n that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n and_o as_o for_o civil_a or_o political_a principle_n i_o hope_v the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v take_v care_n to_o have_v he_o instruct_v by_o some_o of_o those_o english_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o be_v now_o with_o he_o in_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o english_a government_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o french_a
as_o we_o read_v chancellor_n fortescue_n do_v prince_n henry_n son_n to_z henry_n the_o vith_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v come_v over_o again_o to_o practice_v they_o in_o his_o own_o country_n before_o he_o come_v to_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o arbitrary_a principle_n of_o the_o french_a government_n proem_n but_o as_o for_o those_o of_o not_o keep_v faith_n with_o heretic_n and_o a_o propagate_a his_o religion_n by_o persecution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v take_v care_n not_o to_o commit_v his_o education_n to_o any_o of_o those_o who_o be_v infect_v with_o such_o principle_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o his_o majesty_n tenderness_n and_o moderation_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o not_o persecute_v any_o body_n for_o the_o belief_n or_o bare_a profession_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o his_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n so_o it_o be_v the_o main_a original_n of_o all_o his_o late_a misfortune_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o a_o king_n by_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n must_v necessary_o be_v a_o tyrant_n and_o a_o persecutor_n since_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o we_o have_v have_v many_o good_a and_o just_a king_n of_o that_o religion_n and_o it_o be_v from_o those_o prince_n that_o profess_v it_o that_o we_o derive_v our_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o most_o of_o the_o privilege_n we_o now_o enjoy_v f._n though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o romish_a religion_n be_v every_o way_n worse_o than_o the_o mahometan_a yet_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o doctrine_n in_o all_o that_o superstition_n so_o absurd_a and_o contrary_a to_o sense_n and_o reason_n as_o that_o of_o transubstantiation_n hold_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o which_o the_o far_o great_a part_n be_v certain_o idolator_n which_o can_v never_o be_v object_v against_o the_o turk_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v save_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o for_o be_v a_o papist_n but_o only_o as_o far_o as_o he_o practise_v christ_n precept_n and_o trust_v in_o his_o merit_n that_o he_o can_v ever_o obtain_v that_o favour_n from_o god_n but_o as_o for_o those_o evil_a principle_n both_o in_o religion_n and_o civil_a government_n which_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o be_v now_o common_o believe_v and_o practise_v in_o france_n and_o which_o you_o hope_v king_n james_n will_v take_v care_n that_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v breed_v to_o avoid_v i_o wish_v it_o may_v prove_v as_o you_o say_v but_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v the_o man_n that_o be_v like_a to_o be_v his_o tutor_n and_o instructor_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n viz._n his_o father_n and_o mother_n confessor_n the_o jesuit_n and_o for_o civil_a government_n those_o popish_a lord_n and_o gentleman_n of_o notorious_a arbitrary_a principle_n and_o practice_n who_o be_v go_v over_o to_o king_n james_n you_o will_v have_v small_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v ever_o a_o fortescus_fw-la now_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o englishman_n in_o france_n or_o who_o be_v likely_a to_o instill_v into_o he_o those_o true_a english_a principle_n you_o mention_v and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o every_o popish_a prince_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o persecutor_n yet_o since_o that_o whole_o depend_v upon_o those_o priest_n that_o have_v the_o management_n of_o their_o conscience_n show_v i_o a_o prince_n in_o europe_n who_o have_v a_o jesuit_n for_o his_o confessor_n and_o tell_v i_o if_o he_o have_v not_o deserve_v that_o character_n but_o though_o i_o be_o so_o much_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o king_n james_n own_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o misfortune_n to_o his_o declaration_n for_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o his_o arbitrary_a manner_n of_o do_v it_o by_o assume_v a_o dispense_v power_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o you_o may_v be_v very_o well_o assure_v by_o the_o little_a opposition_n which_o the_o late_a act_n meet_v with_o for_o take_v off_o the_o penalty_n against_o conventicle_n and_o not_o come_v to_o church_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o dissenter_n except_o the_o papist_n that_o king_n james_n may_v have_v as_o easy_o obtain_v a_o like_a act_n to_o pass_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o also_o as_o to_o the_o free_a profession_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o have_v mass_n in_o their_o house_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o papist_n will_v allow_v the_o protestant_n in_o any_o country_n in_o europe_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o still_o find_v great_a reason_n to_o doubt_v whether_o k._n james_n his_o tenderness_n towards_o those_o that_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o indulgence_n he_o give_v they_o be_v pure_o out_o of_o consideration_n of_o tender_a conscience_n and_o not_o rather_o thereby_o to_o destroy_v the_o church_n of_o england_n establish_v by_o law_n since_o the_o dispute_n begin_v between_o king_n james_n and_o his_o parliament_n be_v not_o about_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n but_o those_o office_n and_o command_n which_o the_o king_n be_v resolve_v to_o bestow_v upon_o the_o papist_n whether_o the_o parliament_n will_v or_o not_o and_o certain_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o liberty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o enjoy_v the_o free_a profession_n of_o his_o own_o religion_n and_o the_o power_n and_o benefit_n of_o have_v all_o the_o chief_a employment_n of_o honour_n and_o profit_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o that_o the_o indulgence_n of_o popish_a prince_n towards_o those_o that_o dissent_n from_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n may_v not_o always_o proceed_v from_o pure_a tenderness_n and_o compassion_n appear_v from_o a_o manuscript_n treatise_n of_o f._n parson_n that_o great_a jesuit_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n which_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v be_v find_v in_o king_n james_n closet_n after_o his_o departure_n this_o if_o you_o can_v see_v it_o will_v show_v you_o that_o the_o subtle_a jesuit_n do_v there_o direct_v his_o popish_a successor_n in_o order_n to_o the_o more_o quiet_a introduce_v the_o romish-catholick_n religion_n to_o grant_v a_o general_a toleration_n of_o all_o religion_n out_o of_o a_o like_a design_n thus_o do_v julian_n the_o apostare_v long_o ago_o tolerate_v all_o the_o sect_n and_o heresy_n in_o the_o christian_a religion_n because_o he_o thereby_o hope_v utter_o to_o confound_v and_o destroy_v it_o but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o allege_v concern_v magna_n charta_n be_v grant_v by_o popish_a prince_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o good_a king_n of_o that_o persuasion_n as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v with_o what_o struglling_a and_o great_a difficulty_n this_o charter_n be_v at_o first_o obtain_v and_o afterward_o preserve_v though_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o declaration_n of_o most_o of_o those_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n which_o the_o nation_n have_v always_o enjoy_v and_o you_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o they_o be_v popish_a prince_n who_o more_o than_o once_o obtain_v the_o pope_n dispensation_n to_o be_v discharge_v from_o those_o solemn_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o observe_v those_o charter_n and_o though_o there_o have_v be_v divers_a good_a prince_n before_o the_o reformation_n yet_o even_o the_o very_o best_a of_o they_o make_v the_o severe_a law_n against_o protestant_n and_o be_v the_o most_o cruel_a in_o their_o persecution_n witness_v king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o henry_n the_o vth_o and_o queen_n mary_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o rely_v upon_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o merit_n to_o destroy_v all_o religion_n but_o his_o own_o and_o when_o he_o find_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o law_n will_v not_o stick_v to_o use_v any_o arbitrary_a mean_n to_o bring_v it_o about_o to_o conclude_v pray_v consider_v whether_o the_o strict_a observe_v or_o violation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o his_o coronation_n oath_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o king_n james_n abdication_n pardon_v this_o long_a discourse_n which_o your_o vindication_n of_o the_o opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o popish_a prince_n have_v draw_v from_o i_o m._n pray_v sir_n let_v we_o quit_v these_o invidious_a subject_n which_o can_v do_v no_o good_a since_o prince_n must_v be_v own_a and_o submit_v to_o let_v their_o principle_n and_o practice_n be_v never_o so_o tyrannical_a and_o let_v we_o return_v again_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o will_v therefore_o at_o present_a suppose_v
before_o his_o marriage_n with_o that_o princess_n and_o while_o he_o be_v and_o usurper_n upon_o she_o right_o so_o that_o certain_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o since_o parliament_n have_v act_v illegal_o therefore_o your_o convention_n may_v do_v so_o too_o for_o it_o be_v a_o know_a maxim_n in_o our_o civil_a law_n a_o facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la therefore_o whatever_o they_o have_v do_v towards_o create_v a_o good_a title_n to_o king_n william_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n and_o his_o issue_n by_o she_o yet_o this_o do_v no_o way_n excuse_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o her_o issue_n in_o case_n they_o survive_v your_o king_n f._n it_o be_v very_o wonderful_a to_o i_o to_o see_v how_o ingenious_a some_o man_n be_v in_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o present_a settlement_n of_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o much_o for_o the_o best_a if_o not_o do_v exact_o according_a to_o suit_n with_o 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mistake_v in_o this_o great_a point_n and_o may_v have_v also_o give_v occasion_n to_o divers_a other_o of_o his_o profession_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o error_n f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o of_o his_o profession_n who_o maintain_v the_o same_o opinion_n may_v very_o well_o be_v defend_v as_o well_o from_o that_o statute_n as_o other_o authority_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o that_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v first_o discourse_v with_o you_o upon_o this_o point_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o therefore_o you_o misunderstand_v i_o if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o think_v this_o oath_n do_v require_v from_o you_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n which_o i_o myself_o be_o oblige_v to_o who_o be_o full_o satisfy_v of_o their_o title_n and_o therefore_o must_v venture_v my_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o their_o 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and_o faithful_a in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n which_o they_o be_v not_o before_o edward_n the_o first_o time_n and_o also_o what_o they_o will_v hear_v of_o no_o evil_a or_o damage_n against_o they_o which_o they_o will_v not_o hinder_v to_o their_o power_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o be_v not_o all_o these_o oath_n take_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a king_n and_o since_o they_o be_v thereby_o to_o yield_v he_o life_n and_o limb_n that_o be_v be_v to_o defend_v he_o with_o their_o life_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n then_o certain_o all_o other_o who_o may_v pretend_v to_o or_o claim_v the_o crown_n be_v include_v within_o this_o number_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a in_o these_o ancient_a oath_n there_o be_v no_o swear_v to_o the_o present_a king_n as_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a king_n yet_o these_o word_n be_v needless_a in_o that_o age_n when_o as_o i_o have_v prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n 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no_o reason_n since_o they_o be_v only_o declarative_a and_o persuant_n to_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o convention_n whereby_o after_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v declare_v that_o they_o be_v and_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n our_o sovereign_a liege_n lord_n and_o lady_n and_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n m._n well_o it_o be_v late_o and_o beside_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o argue_v this_o point_n any_o long_o since_o it_o concern_v not_o i_o nor_o any_o of_o my_o principle_n what_o new_a oath_n you_o make_v and_o impose_v upon_o those_o who_o conscience_n will_v never_o permit_v we_o to_o take_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v only_o to_o show_v you_o the_o folly_n and_o weakness_n of_o such_o oath_n and_o consequent_o that_o they_o can_v be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o no_o other_o end_n then_o a_o renewal_a and_o aggravation_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o perjury_n among_o we_o which_o god_n forgive_v this_o sinful_a nation_n among_o the_o many_o cry_a sin_n it_o now_o grow_v under_o yet_o give_v i_o leave_v still_o to_o mind_v you_o that_o you_o have_v not_o give_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v make_v concern_v the_o schism_n that_o be_v like_a to_o follow_v from_o the_o deprive_v of_o all_o such_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n by_o such_o a_o time_n which_o deprivation_n be_v uncanonical_o ordain_v by_o the_o mere_a lie_v power_n of_o the_o convention_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o convocation_n or_o synod_n such_o proceed_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n for_o all_o of_o our_o way_n to_o break_v off_o all_o church_n communion_n with_o you_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o those_o other_o bishop_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v deprive_v and_o new_a one_o put_v in_o their_o place_n since_o all_o church_n communion_n 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seat_n viz._n constantinople_n antioch_n and_o alexandria_n but_o they_o be_v all_o nominate_v and_o put_v in_o and_o out_o at_o the_o grand_a signor_n nay_o vizier_n will_v and_o pleasure_n as_o any_o man_n who_o will_v but_o peâ—uâ—e_v sr._n paul_n rycaut_n account_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n may_v easy_o see_v but_o indeed_o you_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o bishoprics_a in_o england_n and_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o intend_a deprivation_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o episcopacy_n be_v settle_v in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n yet_o all_o the_o sea_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o and_o such_o diocese_n have_v be_v whole_o owe_a to_o the_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n bull_n and_o since_o the_o reformation_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n as_o be_v all_o the_o bishoprics_a erect_v in_o henry_n the_o viii_o this_o reign_v so_o that_o let_v the_o bishop_n mere_a spiritual_a power_n of_o ordain_v excommunicate_v etc._n etc._n be_v derive_v immediate_o from_o christ_n if_o you_o please_v yet_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o as_o limit_v and_o appoint_v to_o this_o or_o that_o precint_n or_o see_v be_v as_o mere_a a_o temporal_a institution_n as_o that_o of_o parish_n which_o be_v not_o introduce_v till_o long_o after_o christianity_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o island_n so_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n be_v a_o civil_a institution_n it_o have_v ancient_o belong_v to_o supreme_a power_n not_o only_o to_o confer_v this_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o ancient_a investiture_n of_o our_o bishop_n per_fw-la baculum_fw-la &_o annulum_fw-la but_o also_o to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n against_o the_o state_n since_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o spiritual_a character_n or_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o of_o their_o right_n to_o exercise_v it_o within_o such_o see_v or_o diocese_n thus_o although_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o wichester_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 1_o o_o the_o of_o elizabeth_n for_o not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n never_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o degrade_v those_o bishop_n of_o their_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o to_o forbid_v their_o act_n as_o bishop_n in_o their_o former_a respective_a diocese_n and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o depriviation_n those_o bishop_n may_v if_o they_o have_v please_v have_v ordain_v priest_n and_o confirm_v child_n and_o that_o such_o ordination_n and_o confirmation_n will_v be_v good_a even_o in_o our_o protestant_a church_n if_o such_o priest_n or_o child_n have_v afterward_o turn_v protestant_n since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n own_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v valid_a which_o be_v more_o than_o we_o do_v for_o the_o ordination_n of_o mere_a presbyter_n come_v from_o those_o protestant_a country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o bishop_n at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o their_o confirmation_n too_o but_o pray_v sir_n consider_v how_o upon_o your_o principle_n this_o schism_n can_v be_v so_o universal_a as_o to_o influence_n and_o involve_v all_o england_n in_o it_o for_o if_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o york_n for_o example_n will_v rather_o take_v this_o oath_n then_o suffer_v deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v they_o will_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o the_o people_n of_o that_o province_n be_v a_o distinct_a church_n or_o body_n ecclesiastical_a from_o that_o of_o canterbury_n as_o to_z all_o spiritual_a matter_n as_o have_v a_o distinct_a convocation_n of_o their_o own_o can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o schism_n by_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o pray_v also_o tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n how_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o two_o university_n can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o intend_a schism_n since_o they_o owe_v no_o canonical_a obedience_n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o bishop_n but_o only_o to_o their_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n as_o his_o deputy_n who_o exercise_n all_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o say_a university_n and_o therefore_o their_o church_n
be_v not_o observe_v d._n 10._o p._n 699._o the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n since_o the_o conquest_n ib._n p._n 711._o oath_n of_o allegiance_n its_o interpretation_n d._n 5._o p._n 350._o oath_n in_o the_o act_n for_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o their_o true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 631._o to_o 635.659_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n w._n it_o may_v be_v take_v to_o their_o present_a majesty_n as_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la without_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o right_n d._n 13._o p._n 903._o to_o 909._o how_o far_o it_o oblige_v the_o taker_n ibid._n p._n 907.908_o w._n due_a to_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o protection_n ib._n p._n 949._o to_o 954._o promissory_a oath_n w._n lawful_a or_o not_o ib._n 954._o to_o 956._o w._n any_o other_o strict_a oath_n be_v necessary_a ib._n p._n 957._o to_o 963._o obedience_n passive_n w._n it_o be_v not_o a_o bull_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o that_o doctrine_n ib._n p._n 4._o to_o 9_o officer_n and_o soldier_n who_o desert_a king_n james_n w._n justifiable_a in_o so_o do_v d._n 11._o p._n 785_o to_o 787._o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la mention_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la w._n only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 490_o to_o 494._o w._n the_o oppression_n of_o prince_n or_o the_o ambition_n &_o rebellion_n of_o subject_n have_v cause_v the_o great_a disturbance_n d._n 3._o p._n 182_o 183._o optimates_fw-la its_o ancient_a signification_n in_o history_n discuss_v d._n 6._o p._n 372_o to_o 376._o w._n it_o ever_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n 397._o orange_n w._n that_o prince_n make_v war_n upon_o king_n james_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 781._o to_o 789._o w._n all_o his_o other_o carriage_n towards_o the_o say_a king_n be_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ib._n p._n 789._o to_o 798._o original_a contract_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v â—ound_v d._n 10._o p._n 704_o 705._o d._n 11._o p._n 813.814_o w._n break_a by_o king_n james_n ib._n 809_o 810.813.814_o p_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o they_o ancient_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 509.511_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n w._n they_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n or_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o some_o king_n favour_n d._n 5._o p._n 358_o to_o 365._o how_o often_o ancient_o hold_v d._n 9_o p._n 668_o d._n 5.363_o it_o be_v power_n when_o meet_v ib._n 364._o no_o law_n to_o be_v make_v or_o tax_n to_o be_v raise_v without_o it_o d._n 9_o p_o 668._o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o not_o to_o be_v bribe_v or_o awe_v ibid._n paternal_a power_n not_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o conquest_n etc._n etc._n d._n 2._o p._n 105_o 106._o patriarch_n before_o the_o flood_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o mankind_n or_o or_o master_n of_o their_o own_o family_n d._n 2._o p._n 70._o to_o 72._o st._n paul_n epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n when_o write_v d._n 4._o p._n 248_o to_o 250._o peer_n their_o power_n in_o parliament_n w._n derive_v from_o he_o king_n or_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o the_o end_n person_n of_o prince_n w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v without_o resist_v their_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 240._o to_o 244._o whether_o so_o in_o england_n d._n 10.653_o to_o 657._o people_n w._n the_o original_a of_o civil_a power_n assert_v by_o fortescue_n d._n 11._o p._n 779._o power_n râ—gal_n w._n paternal_a d._n 2._o p._n 101._o to_o 104._o people_n w._n they_o can_v judge_v when_o their_o fundamental_a right_n be_v invade_v d._n 9_o p._n 669_o 670._o w._n if_o they_o may_v judge_v they_o may_v also_o resist_v d._n 11._o p._n 780_o 781._o what_o number_n require_v to_o justify_v this_o resistance_n d._n 9_o p._n 669._o to_o 671._o power_n oeconomical_a w._n of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o civil_a ibid._n p._n 59.62.64_o power_n over_o man_n life_n whence_o derive_v d._n 1._o p._n 35._o to_o 39.61_o power_n civil_a whence_o derive_v w._n immediate_o from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o power_n legislative_a w._n in_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 312_o 313._o power_n of_o dispence_v with_o penal_a law_n w._n it_o be_v a_o inherent_a prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o 830._o supreme_a power_n w._n irresistible_a because_o ordain_v by_o god_n d._n 4._o p._n 452._o to_o 460._o plebs_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la what_o those_o word_n ancient_o signify_v d._n 6._o p._n 386._o to_o 391._o d._n 8._o p._n 359._o to_o 364._o primitive_a christian_n w._n man_n be_v now_o oblige_v to_o the_o same_o strict_a rule_n of_o nonresistance_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4._o p._n 272_o to_o 277._o divers_a of_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a emperor_n instance_a 280_o to_o 282._o primogeniture_n as_o a_o power_n over_o brethren_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n d._n 2._o p._n 81._o to_o 83._o prince_n w._n bind_v to_o treat_v their_o subject_n like_o their_o child_n d._n 2._o p._n 105._o to_o 110._o princepe_v regni_n its_o signification_n ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 372.377.395.396_o w._n all_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n english_a subject_n now_o enjoy_v be_v owe_v to_o the_o favour_n of_o our_o former_a king_n d._n 2._o p._n 112._o d._n 5._o p._n 320_o to_o 322.356.361_o 362._o prelate_n and_o peer_n claim_v their_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 8._o p._n 559_o to_o 564._o prescription_n beyond_o time_n of_o memory_n how_o high_a it_o go_v ibid._n 583_o to_o 593._o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 6._o p._n 376._o w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n ib._n 395_o 396._o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o protection_n of_o the_o government_n how_o far_o it_o may_v require_v allegiance_n to_o it_o d._n 13._o p._n 946_o to_o 952._o civil_a property_n w._n derive_v from_o adam_n or_o noah_n d._n 2._o p._n 133._o to_o 136._o provincia_n its_o ancient_a signification_n w._n a_o province_n or_o a_o county_n ibid._n 565_o to_o 569._o punishment_n for_o offence_n w._n alter_v and_o new_a one_o ordain_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 759._o q_o queen_n often_o present_a in_o english_a saxon_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o r_o rebel_n w._n bind_v to_o make_v their_o lawful_a prince_n amends_o by_o restore_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n d._n 13._o p._n 939._o to_o 944._o record_n in_o the_o tower_n and_o elsewhere_o cite_v in_o these_o dialogue_n rot._n cart_n 5_o johan._n d._n 6._o p._n 386._o rot._n clause_n 17._o edw._n ii_o ibid._n 396._o rot._n parl._n 7_o rich._n ii_o ibid._n 397._o rot._n clau_n 24_o &_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o ib._n 432._o rot._n clau_n 19_o hen._n iii_o d._n 7._o p._n 445._o inter_fw-la com._n brevia_fw-la mich._n 42._o hen._n iii_o ib._n 446._o rot._n pat._n 15._o h._n iii_o rot._n clau_n 4._o h._n iii_o ib._n 447._o rot._n pat._n 15._o johan._n ibid._n 449._o rot._n cl_o 42._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 449._o rot._n cl_o 28._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 454._o rot._n cl_o 26._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 461._o rot._n pat._n 42._o h._n iii_o p._n 472._o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 49._o h._n iii_o rot._n pat._n 51._o h._n iii_o ibid._n 475._o rot._n cl_o 28._o edw._n i._o ibid._n 477._o rot._n par._n 12._o edw._n 2._o p._n 478_o rot._n par._n 1._o edw._n iii_o rot._n parl._n 12._o rich._n ii_o ib._n 478_o rot._n pat._n 30_o edw._n 1._o rot._n fin._n 20._o edw._n iii_o ib._n p._n 420._o rot._n cl_o 34._o edw._n 1._o ib._n p._n 483._o rot._n cl_o 19_o h._n iii_o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n 3._o ibid._n p._n 491._o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n iii_o ibid._n p._n 493._o rot._n cl_o 16._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 494._o rot._n cl_o 19_o h._n iii_o 495._o rot._n cl_o 11._o h._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 33._o h._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 52._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 496._o rot._n pat._n 3_o edw._n i._o rot._n pat._n 20._o e._n 1._o ib._n p._n 501._o rot._n pat._n 17_o 18._o ed._n i._o ib._n p._n 50â—_n rot._n cl_o 6._o johan._n 26._o h._n iii_o 38._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 516._o rot._n pat._n 48._o h._n iii_o rot_v cl_o 49._o h._n iii_o ib._n 519._o rot._n cl_o 24._o edw._n i._o ib._n p._n 526._o rot._n cl_o 3._o ed._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 49._o h._n iii_o ibid._n p._n 527._o bundle_n brev._n 18_o edw._n i._o p._n 530_o 531._o rot._n cl_o 23._o e._n 1._o ib._n 53._o rot._n cl_o 28._o e._n i._o rot._n cl_o 45._o ed._n iii_o ib._n 537._o rot._n stat._n 25._o e._n 1._o d._n 8._o p._n 552._o rot._n cl_o 23._o
gideon_n speak_v to_o the_o man_n of_o shechem_n that_o they_o have_v make_v abimelech_n the_o son_n of_o a_o maid_n servant_n king_n over_o the_o man_n of_o shechem_n because_o he_o be_v your_o brother_n so_o likewise_o after_o abimelech_n be_v dead_a the_o child_n of_o ammon_n make_v war_n against_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 10_o of_o judge_n and_o they_o encamp_v in_o gilead_n which_o be_v a_o country_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o jordan_n which_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o reubenites_n the_o gadite_n and_o the_o other_o half_a of_o manasses_n who_o by_o themselves_o consult_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o last_o verse_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o the_o people_n and_o prince_n of_o gilead_n say_v one_o to_o another_o what_o man_n be_v he_o that_o will_v begin_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o child_n of_o ammon_n he_o shall_v be_v head_n over_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gilead_n from_o which_o assembly_n and_o consultation_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o have_v a_o right_n of_o set_v a_o prince_n or_o head_n over_o they_o distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n and_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n you_o will_v find_v that_o jephtha_n be_v make_v prince_n or_o judge_n by_o the_o elder_n of_o gilead_n and_o though_o it_o be_v say_v that_o jephtha_n go_v with_o the_o elder_n of_o gilead_n and_o that_o the_o people_n make_v he_o head_n and_o captain_n over_o they_o yet_o that_o can_v be_v mean_v of_o all_o israel_n but_o only_o of_o the_o two_o tribe_n and_o a_o half_a which_o inhabit_v the_o land_n of_o gilead_n for_o we_o find_v chapter_n the_o 12._o the_o man_n of_o ephraim_n make_v war_n upon_o jephtha_n because_o he_o have_v not_o call_v they_o out_o to_o sight_n against_o the_o ammonite_n and_o you_o will_v find_v verse_n the_o four_o that_o jephtha_n gather_v together_o the_o man_n of_o gilead_n and_o fight_v with_o ephraim_n and_o that_o the_o man_n of_o gilead_n smite_v ephraim_n in_o all_o which_o story_n it_o appear_v there_o be_v none_o concern_v in_o this_o war_n but_o the_o gileadite_v only_o that_o be_v those_o tribe_n that_o inhabit_v that_o region_n i_o have_v likewise_o another_o authority_n for_o this_o separate_a power_n of_o each_o tribe_n when_o there_o be_v no_o common_a judge_n over_o they_o as_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o story_n of_o the_o danite_n in_o the_o 18_o chapter_n who_o want_v a_o country_n to_o dwell_v in_o it_o be_v there_o say_v the_o child_n of_o dan_n send_v five_o man_n of_o their_o family_n to_o spy_n out_o a_o country_n for_o they_o which_o thing_n can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o whole_a tribe_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n in_o all_o this_o story_n of_o any_o such_o chief_a or_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n as_o you_o suppose_v only_o that_o six_o hundred_o man_n go_v by_o common_a consent_n who_o make_v war_n and_o conquer_a the_o city_n and_o country_n of_o laish_n which_o they_o call_v dan._n but_o that_o all_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n during_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o judge_n do_v meet_v in_o one_o common_a council_n or_o assembly_n upon_o any_o great_a accident_n or_o emergency_n appear_v by_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n of_o judge_n where_o after_o the_o rape_n and_o murder_n commit_v upon_o the_o levite_n wife_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o two_o first_o verse_n then_o all_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n go_v out_o and_o the_o congregation_n be_v gather_v together_o as_o one_o man_n from_o dan_n even_o to_o beershebah_n with_o the_o land_n of_o gilead_n unto_o the_o lord_n in_o mizpeh_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o people_n even_o of_o all_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n present_v themselves_o in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n of_o god_n four_o hundred_o thousand_o footman_n that_o draw_v sword_n who_o be_v thus_o meet_v the_o levite_n the_o husband_n of_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v slay_v have_v tell_v they_o the_o story_n conclude_v thus_o behold_v you_o be_v all_o child_n of_o israel_n give_v here_o your_o advice_n and_o counsel_n and_o the_o result_n be_v all_z the_o people_n arise_v as_o one_o man_n say_v we_o will_v not_o any_o of_o we_o go_v to_o his_o tent_n neither_o will_v we_o any_o of_o we_o turn_v into_o his_o house_n etc._n etc._n now_o if_o this_o be_v not_o as_o democratical_a a_o assembly_n as_o you_o can_v any_o where_o meet_v with_o in_o either_o the_o roman_a or_o greek_a hist._n i_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o yourself_o to_o judge_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o people_n or_o tribe_n of_o israel_n may_v preside_v in_o it_o to_o conclude_v i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o very_o great_a reason_n maintain_v with_o josephus_n that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n be_v aristocratical_a before_o their_o set_v a_o king_n over_o they_o for_o have_v samuel_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o absolute_a monarchical_a power_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o have_v be_v a_o very_a needless_a request_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n to_o ask_v he_o to_o make_v they_o a_o king_n to_o judge_v they_o as_o other_o nation_n m._n you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a long_o i_o have_v almost_o say_v a_o tedious_a discourse_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v not_o monarchical_a before_o the_o time_n of_o saul_n and_o though_o i_o can_v now_o well_o remember_v all_o the_o particular_n of_o your_o discourse_n yet_o this_o much_o i_o can_v gather_v from_o it_o 10._o that_o you_o be_v fain_o to_o confess_v that_o during_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o king_n in_o israel_n but_o that_o every_o man_n do_v that_o which_o be_v right_o in_o his_o own_o eye_n even_o then_o the_o israelite_n be_v under_o the_o kingly_a government_n of_o the_o father_n of_o particular_a family_n for_o in_o the_o consultation_n after_o the_o benjamitical_a war_n 21.16_o you_o mention_v for_o provide_v wife_n for_o the_o benjamite_n we_o find_v the_o elder_n of_o the_o congregation_n bear_v the_o only_a sway_n to_o they_o also_o be_v complaint_n to_o be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o verse_n 22._o and_o though_o mention_v be_v make_v of_o all_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n all_o the_o congregation_n and_o all_o the_o people_n yet_o by_o the_o term_n of_o all_o the_o scripture_n mean_v only_o all_o the_o father_n and_o not_o all_o the_o whole_a multitude_n 2._o as_o the_o text_n plain_o expound_v itself_o in_o the_o second_o of_o chronicle_n where_o solomon_n speak_v unto_o all_o israel_n viz._n to_o the_o captain_n 5.2_o the_o judge_n and_o to_o every_o governor_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o father_n so_o the_o elder_n of_o israel_n be_v expound_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n but_o i_o be_o less_o edify_v with_o your_o notion_n in_o make_v any_o of_o the_o tribe_n to_o have_v set_v a_o judge_n or_o captain_n over_o themselves_o distinct_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n for_o the_o example_n you_o quote_v of_o abimelech_n make_v direct_o against_o you_o it_o be_v say_v verse_n the_o 22d_o of_o that_o chapter_n that_o abimelech_n reign_v three_o year_n over_o israel_n and_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v there_o arise_v to_o defend_v israel_n tola_n the_o son_n of_o puah_n and_o that_o he_o judged_n israel_n that_o be_v all_o the_o twelve_o tribe_n twenty_o year_n and_o if_o gideon_n the_o father_n of_o abimelech_n be_v judge_n over_o all_o israel_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n he_o be_v it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o abimelech_n his_o son_n succeed_v though_o by_o force_n and_o murder_n into_o the_o same_o power_n it_o be_v likewise_o as_o plain_a notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o elder_n of_o gilead_n do_v not_o alone_o make_v jephtha_n their_o head_n or_o captain_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v jephthah_n tell_v they_o that_o if_o he_o fight_v and_o deliver_v they_o from_o the_o child_n of_o ammon_n that_o he_o will_v be_v their_o head_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o 11_o verse_n of_o that_o chapter_n that_o jephthah_n go_v with_o the_o elder_n of_o gilead_n and_o it_o be_v the_o people_n viz._n of_o all_o israel_n make_v he_o head_n and_o captain_n over_o they_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o jephthah_n utter_v all_o these_o word_n before_o the_o lord_n in_o mizpeh_n where_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o seventeen_o verse_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v then_o assemble_v and_o encamp_v nor_o be_o i_o yet_o satisfy_v but_o that_o though_o god_n out_o of_o a_o special_a love_n and_o care_n to_o the_o
house_n of_o israel_n do_v choose_v to_o be_v their_o king_n himself_o yet_o do_v he_o govern_v they_o at_o that_o time_n by_o his_o viceroy_n samuel_n and_o his_o son_n and_o therefore_o god_n tell_v samuel_n they_o have_v not_o reject_v thou_o but_o i_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o reign_v over_o they_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v not_o like_o a_o king_n by_o deputation_n but_o desire_v one_o by_o succession_n like_o all_o the_o nation_n all_o nation_n belike_o have_v king_n then_o and_o those_o by_o inheritance_n not_o by_o election_n for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v the_o israelite_n pray_v that_o they_o themselves_o may_v choose_v their_o own_o king_n they_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o liberty_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o elder_n of_o israel_n gather_v together_o if_o other_o nation_n have_v elect_v their_o own_o king_n no_o doubt_n but_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o desirous_a to_o have_v imitate_v other_o nation_n as_o well_o in_o the_o elect_n as_o in_o the_o have_v a_o king_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v find_v in_o scripture_n that_o countenance_n your_o notion_n of_o the_o people_n have_v a_o right_a to_o elect_a their_o own_o king_n but_o this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o but_o to_o prosecute_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n when_o god_n give_v the_o israelite_n king_n 7._o he_o re-establisht_a the_o ancient_n and_o prime_a right_n of_o lineal_a succession_n to_o paternal_a government_n and_o whensoever_o he_o make_v choice_n of_o any_o special_a person_n to_o be_v king_n he_o intend_v that_o the_o issue_n also_o shall_v have_v benefit_n thereof_o as_o be_v comprehend_v sufficient_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o father_n although_o the_o father_n only_o be_v name_v in_o the_o grant_n which_o lineal_a right_n of_o succession_n continue_v in_o the_o family_n of_o david_n until_o such_o time_n as_o his_o successor_n by_o their_o idolatry_n so_o far_o provoke_v god_n anger_n as_o to_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n under_o who_o and_o his_o successor_n power_n they_o and_o their_o posterity_n continue_v subject_n for_o many_o age_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v any_o far_o with_o you_o since_o i_o see_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o israelite_n whether_o it_o be_v monarchical_a or_o aristocratical_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o saul_n nor_o yet_o shall_v i_o positive_o assert_v that_o abimelech_n or_o jephthah_n and_o other_o of_o the_o judge_n be_v ruler_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n only_o yet_o 293._o very_o learned_a man_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n since_o they_o can_v find_v no_o other_o way_n but_o by_o a_o synchronism_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o also_o of_o the_o year_n of_o rest_n and_o servitude_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o judg._n 10._o v._n 6_o 8._o compare_v with_o judg._n 13.1_o to_o reconcile_v that_o great_a difference_n that_o will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o sacred_a chronology_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n come_n out_o of_o egypt_n to_o the_o four_o year_n of_o solomon_n in_o which_o the_o temple_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v which_o do_v amount_v to_o four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o year_n 6.1_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o cast_v up_o the_o year_n from_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n come_n out_o of_o egypt_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o saul_n reign_n according_a to_o the_o common_a account_n of_o the_o year_n of_o the_o judge_n reckon_v with_o the_o reign_v of_o saul_n and_o david_n to_o that_o time_n etc._n etc._n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 600_o year_n which_o be_v more_o by_o 120_o year_n than_o all_o the_o time_n from_o the_o say_v epocha_n to_o the_o four_o year_n of_o solomon_n take_v altogether_o but_o as_o for_o the_o several_a tribe_n alone_o consult_v and_o order_v their_o own_o affair_n it_o be_v so_o plain_a from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o people_n and_o prince_n of_o gilead_n as_o also_o from_o that_o of_o the_o danite_n that_o you_o have_v nothing_o to_o object_n against_o it_o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o all_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n meeting_n and_o consult_v what_o to_o do_v with_o the_o benjamite_n where_o since_o you_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v no_o way_n to_o evade_v it_o but_o by_o suppose_v i_o know_v not_o what_o kingly_a authority_n in_o the_o father_n of_o particular_a family_n who_o you_o do_v suppose_v to_o have_v then_o bear_v the_o only_a sway_n because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o that_o chapter_n you_o quote_v that_o in_o the_o consultation_n after_o this_o war_n the_o elder_n of_o the_o congregation_n propose_v it_o to_o they_o say_v how_o shall_v we_o do_v for_o wife_n for_o they_o that_o remain_v see_v the_o woman_n be_v destroy_v out_o of_o benjamin_n and_o then_o follow_v the_o result_n of_o the_o congregation_n in_o the_o next_o verse_n and_o they_o say_v viz._n all_o the_o congregation_n agree_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o inheritance_n for_o they_o that_o be_v escape_v out_o of_o benjamin_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o grant_v at_o first_o that_o the_o head_n or_o elder_n of_o the_o tribe_n preside_v in_o this_o assembly_n and_o put_v the_o question_n to_o they_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a in_o all_o great_a assembly_n that_o without_o such_o officer_n they_o can_v come_v to_o any_o resolution_n and_o therefore_o you_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o prove_v the_o monarchical_a power_n of_o these_o elder_n by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o text._n but_o if_o the_o judge_n have_v monarchical_a power_n as_o you_o suppose_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v against_o the_o people_n elect_v they_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o abimelech_n and_o jephthah_n that_o the_o people_n do_v often_o elect_a a_o judge_n or_o captain_n over_o they_o without_o any_o nomination_n by_o or_o inspiration_n from_o god_n but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o material_a your_o suppose_a restauration_n of_o patriarchal_a government_n under_o moses_n and_o joshua_n after_o the_o israelite_n return_v from_o the_o egyptian_a bondage_n i_o can_v but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o the_o truth_n will_v sometime_o slip_v from_o you_o before_o you_o be_v aware_a for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o you_o at_o first_o assert_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o a_o servant_n or_o slave_n and_o a_o subject_a be_v all_o one_o at_o the_o first_o and_o also_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v endue_v with_o fatherly_a power_n then_o if_o pharaoh_n be_v a_o monarch_n the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v not_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n bring_v into_o bondage_n by_o pharaoh_n but_o they_o be_v only_o adopt_a into_o another_o fatherly_a power_n but_o you_o shall_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v show_v more_o clear_o than_o you_o have_v hitherto_o do_v that_o this_o patriarchal_a jurisdiction_n be_v exercise_v by_o abraham_n isaac_n or_o jacob_n before_o the_o descent_n into_o egypt_n since_o all_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v yet_o give_v of_o such_o a_o power_n have_v prove_v very_o unlucky_a for_o though_o i_o read_v in_o st._n stephen_n speech_n in_o the_o act_n 9_o that_o the_o patriarch_n move_v with_o envy_n sell_v joseph_n into_o egypt_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o where_o mention_v nor_o i_o believe_v will_v you_o yourself_o affirm_v that_o these_o patriarch_n ever_o have_v a_o monarchical_a power_n for_o till_o jacob_n go_v into_o egypt_n that_o power_n be_v sole_o in_o he_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n and_o after_o that_o in_o pharaoh_n as_o king_n of_o egypt_n so_o that_o though_o i_o can_v find_v the_o word_n patriarch_n but_o once_o in_o scripture_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v no_o ground_n for_o your_o patriarchal_a authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o that_o can_v suffer_v no_o intermission_n which_o never_o have_v any_o beginning_n in_o nature_n but_o after_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o god_n choose_v moses_n and_o joshua_n successive_o to_o govern_v as_o prince_n in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o supreme_a father_n or_o patriarch_n which_o be_v easy_o i_o confess_v affirm_v only_o it_o want_v proof_n for_o though_o you_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o paternal_a power_n be_v regal_a yet_o it_o still_o remain_v unprove_v that_o all_o regal_a power_n be_v paternal_a it_o be_v true_a that_o god_n do_v appoint_v moses_n and_o joshua_n to_o be_v the_o ruler_n of_o his_o people_n under_o he_o but_o that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o make_v out_o that_o they_o succeed_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o supreme_a father_n much_o less_o that_o they_o succeed_v as_o heir_n or_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchal_a power_n of_o adam_n for_o moses_n and_o joshua_n be_v choose_v by_o god_n to_o be_v ruler_n of_o
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n or_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o also_o by_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v any_o loan_n to_o the_o king_n against_o his_o will_n because_o they_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o any_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n which_o be_v also_o more_o full_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o say_a petition_n of_o right_n to_o have_v be_v late_o execute_v by_o certain_a commissioner_n as_o also_o that_o divers_a other_o charge_n have_v be_v lay_v and_o levy_v by_o lords-lieutenant_n deputy-lieutenant_n etc._n etc._n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o three_o point_n declare_v against_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o right_n be_v against_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n though_o they_o pay_v for_o their_o quartor_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o inhabitant_n much_o more_o when_o they_o do_v take_v free_a quarter_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v be_v too_o much_o practise_v of_o late_a so_o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n not_o only_o private-house_n but_o inn_n and_o alehouse_n be_v not_o compellable_n to_o quarter_n soldier_n unless_o they_o will_v so_o much_o be_v this_o nation_n ancient_o a_o stranger_n to_o stand_a army_n and_o quarter_a of_o soldier_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o it_o either_o at_o common-law_n or_o by_o any_o statute_n that_o i_o know_v of_o four_o that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o joynt-consent_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o that_o parliament_n ought_v to_o be_v due_o summon_v and_o hold_v for_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute_n law_n once_o every_o year_n and_o according_a to_o more_o modern_a statute_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o or_o whenever_o there_o be_v a_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n for_o it_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a english_a saxon_n law_n which_o ordain_v that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o mycel_v synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n as_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n recite_v and_o the_o constant_a custom_n long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o which_o there_o never_o pass_v a_o year_n without_o a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o when_o this_o come_v by_o degree_n to_o be_v discontinue_v then_o be_v those_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o richard_n the_o second_o make_v whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o parliament_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n and_o often_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n 5th_o since_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o very_a soul_n and_o essence_n of_o the_o government_n the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o sit_v and_o serve_v in_o parliament_n aught_o to_o be_v free_a and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v place_n there_o either_o by_o patent_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o lord_n or_o else_o by_o election_n or_o writ_n as_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o there_o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o vote_n without_o any_o guard_n to_o over-awe_n or_o terrify_v they_o and_o none_o to_o be_v force_v threaten_a bribe_v or_o tamper_v with_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n this_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o westm._n 1_o chap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o all_o election_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v imprint_v upon_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o true_a englishman_n who_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v take_v themselves_o to_o have_v as_o good_a title_n to_o their_o law_n 43._o as_o to_o the_o