Accidents should have such power in them For Aristotle Physicorum 1. saith Accidentia possunt miraculose non alias mutare subjectum Accidents change not their Subject but by Miracle Addition doubtless and Subtraction are of greater force than Transmutation or Location yet is there no such power in them as that they can alter the essence of any thing Quia augmentum vel diminutio saith Chassanaeus circa accidentia contractuum non reponunt contractum in diverso esse neque per ea intelligitur ab eo in substantialibus recessus the adding or diminishing of Accidents makes not the thing lose the nature of his being This Coat with the Arms of Vlster is born by Sir Iohn Molineux of Teversal in Nottinghamshire Baronetâ— and with the Arms of Vlster with a due difference is born by Darcy Molineux of Mansfield in the said County Esq Nephew to the said Sir Iohn Leigh in Blazoning of this form of Cross maketh no mention at all of the piercing thereof perhaps because it resembleth the Ink of a Mill which is evermore pierced This is termed Quarter pierced quasi Quadrate pierced for that the piercing is square as a Trencher The Augmentation born on the Bend was granted unto the Right Noble Thomas Duke of Norfolk and to his Descendants by King Henry the Eighth for his signal Service as General of the Army which gave that remarkable overthrow at Floding to King Iames the Fourth of Scotland which said Duke was by King Henry the Seventh created Knight of the Garter and made Lord High Treasurer of England So much of the Cross with the Accidents thereof Now of that other Ordinary that is framed also of a fourfold Line that is to say a Saltire A Saltire is an Ordinary consisting of a fourfold Line whereof two are drawn from the Dexter chief towards the Sinister base corners and the other from the Sinister chief towards the Dexter base points and do meet about the midst by couples in acute Angles I know the Learned Geometer will find many more Lines here than I do mention but as I said of Lines in the Cross this our description greeth best with Heralds and our purpose Azure a Saltier Argent is the Coat-Armour of Sir William York of Burton-Pedwardin in Lincolnshire Knight Sable a Saltier Argent is born by the name of Ducket of Steeple-Morden in Cambridgeshire In old time saith Leigh this was made of the height of a man and was driven full of Pins the use whereof was to scale the Walls therewith to which end the Pins served commodiously In those days saith he the Walls of a Town were but low as appeareth by the Walls of Rome which Rhemus easily leaped over and the Walls of Winchester which were overlooked by Colebrand the Chieftain of the Danes who was slain by Guy Earl of Warwick who was Champion for King Athelstane Argent a Saltier engrailed Sable by the Name of Middleton This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir George Middleton of Leighton near Warton in Lancashire Baronet CHAP. VIII HAving hitherto shewed at large the several forms of making of such Charges as we call honourable Ordinaries Order requireth that I should now shew their diverse manner of Bearing according to our prefixed Distribution These are born Simple Compound Those are said to be born Simple when only Ordinaries do appear in the Field These Ordinaries comprehend One sort Divers sorts Ordinaries are said to be of one sort when only one kind of them is born in the Field without mixture of any other Whose bearing is Single Manifold By single Bearing I understand some one Ordinary born alone in the Escocheon such are these precedent Examples before handled By manifold bearing of Ordinaries I mean the bearing of divers Ordinaries of the same kind whether the same be born of themselves alone or else conjunctly with some of their Subdivisions Which form of bearing is twofold viz. One upon another One besides another What is meant by the bearing of Ordinaries of one kind one upon another may be easily conceived by these four Escocheons next following Proceed we now to Examples of Ordinaries of the same kind born one besides another such are these next following and their like The Field is Argent two Bends Gules This Coat-Armour I find in an ancient Manuscript of Collection of Englishmens Arms in Metal and Colours with the Blazon in French of the time of our Henry the Sixth as it is apparent by the Character of the Letter over which Coat-Armour is there written the Bearers name viz. Monsieur Iohn Haget from whom Mr. Bartholomew Haget late Consul of Aleppo deriveth his descent This Book at this present remaineth in the custody of a worthy Friend of mine a curious Collector and careful Preserver of such ancient Monuments Gules two Bends the upper Or and the lower Argent was born by Milo Fitz-water who by King Henry the First was made Earl of Hereford and Constable of England and Lord of the Forest of Dean in right of his Wife Daughter and Heir of Bernard Newmarch Lord of Brecknock This Coat is now quartered by Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Claydon in Buckinghamshire Mr. Boswell in his Works of Armory observeth That the Bearer of such Bends as these or of the like Coat-Armour may be thought to have done some great enterprise upon the Seas worthy of perpetual commendation As for Ordinaries of other sorts born likewise one besides another of the same kind behold these next Examples Now from Ordinaries of the same kind born one upon another with their extracted Subdivisions proceed we to Ordinaries of divers kinds and their Diminutives abstracted from them eftsoons found likewise born both one upon another and one besides another Such are these next following and their like Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds born one besides another you shall have these Examples ensuing Robert Lisle who was a Baron in the times of King Edward the Second and Edward the Third bore the same Coat-Armour And divers ancient and eminent Nobles of this Kingdom do rightfully quarter these Arms being descended from the Heirs generally of the Family of Lisle Or a Fess between two Chevrons Gules was the Coat of Anselme Lord Fitz-water in the time of the Conquest of whom did descend Walter Fitz-water who had a Daughter and Heir that married to Robert Radcliff Father of Robert Radcliff Lord Fitz-water of whom descended Robert Radcliff Earl of Sussex and Viscount Fitz-water of which Family of Sir Francis Radcliff of Dilston in Northumberland Baronet now living 1675. The End of the Second Section Naturalia sunt specula eorum quae non videntur THis Third Section beginneth to treat of such Charges of Coat-Armours as are called Common Charges whereof some be Natural and meerly formal such are Angels and Spirits and others are both Formal and Material as the Sun Moon Stars as also such Natures as are Sublunary whether they be living after a sort as all
I will make more apparent by this next Example Azure a Maunch Or. This with the distinction of a Crescent Gules charged with another Or is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Edward Conyers Esq principal Store-keeper of his Majesties Ordnance and Armour in the Tower of London who is descended from the Family of Conyers late of Wakerly in the County of Northampton being a branch of that ancient Family of the Conyers of Sockburne within the Bishoprick of Durham whose Ancestors in the Reign of William the Conqueror had the Office of Constable of the Castle of Durham granted to them in Fee which Estate is yet continuing in the same Family though not in the same Name being descended to an only Daughter of 〈…〉 Conyers of Sockburne Esq who married the Right Honourable Francis late Earl of Shrewsbury From this Family is likewise descended the Right Honourable Conyers Lord Darcy Meynell and Conyers of Hornby Castle in the County of York whose Grand-father Thomas Darâ—y Esq married Elizabeth daughter and heir of Iohn Lord Conyers of Hornby And thence is also descended Tristram Conyers of Walthamstow in the County of Essex Serjeant at Law As touching Apparel we find that though the same be made chiefly to clothe our nakedness yet shall we find that they were not only ordained by the invention of man but also allowed and for some special end expresly commanded by God himself to be made and provided as well for glory as also for ornament and comliness as appeareth Exod. 28. Likewise thou shalt embroider the fine linnen Coat and thou shalt make the Mitre of fine linnen and thou shalt make the Girdle of needle work And for Aaron 's sons thou shalt make Coats and thou shalt make for them Girdles and Bonnets shalt thou make for them for glory and for beauty Rich Garments and costly Jewels are reckoned Ornaments as appeareth 2 Sam. 1. 24. Ye daughters of Israel weep over Saul who clothed you in scarlet with other delights who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel And they be called Ornaments because they do illustrate and adorn or beautifie the person that is garnished with them To this Head may be reduced all sorts of things whatsoever pertaining to the adorning decking or triming of the body as Combs Glasses Head-brushes Curling-bodkins c. and also Purses Knives c. Sir Thomas Palmer of Leigh near Tunbridge in Kent Kt. Grand-father to the elder Sir Henry Palmer Kt. before recited was owner of the Mannors of Tottington and Eccles in Aylesford and Boxley adjoying to Snodland aforesaid which came unto this Family by a match with a daughter of the Lord Poynings And Katharine Palmer this Sir Thomas Palmer's sister was married to Iohn Roe of Boxley in Kent Gent. Father of Reginald Roe of Leigh aforesaid Gent. Ancestor to Sir Thomas Roe Kt. living 1632. whose worthy merit in the discharge of many Embassages wherein he hath been imployed by this State deserves to be remembred with an honourable Character In respect we are now come to speak of Stamps and Coins I hold it not impertinent by the way to give some little touch of the Royalty of Coining It is therefore to be observed that the power to coin money hath been evermore reckoned to be one of the Prerogatives that in our common Law we do call Iura Regalia and pertaineth to the Sovereign Power amongst many Regal Immunities to that Supream Jurisdiction peculiarly belonging and to none others Nevertheless we read that Monarchical Kings and Sovereign States have imparted this Prerogative or Preheminence unto others their inferiours upon special acceptable service done or for whatsoever private respect as we may see Maccab. 15. 6. where amongst many other preheminences granted by Antiochus the son of Demetrius to Simon the high Priest which had been formerly granted to him by the Predecessors of Antiochus he enableth him to coin money saying I give thee leave to coin money of thine own stamp within thy Countrey To this Head must be reduced all other sorts of Bullion or Coin and whatever else pertaineth to traffick or commerce By this open Purse we may understand a man of a charitable disposition and a frank and liberal steward of the blessings which God hath bestowed upon him for the relief of the needyâ— Of such an one St. Hierome hath this saying Non memini me legisse mala morte mortuum qui libenter opera charitatis exercuit habet enim multos intercessores impossibile est multorum preces non exaudiri Though the shoe be an habit serving for the foot which is the most inferiour part of mans body yet it is not therefore to be contemned forasmuch as it is a note of progression and very behoveful for travellers In the Scriptures it is often taken for expedition as Psal. 60. In Idumaeam extendam calceamentum meum And proceeding to Idumea I will cast my shoe over it It was an ancient custome amongst the Israelites in transferring of possessions for him that departed therewith to pluck off his shoe and to deliver the same to his neighbour as now it is with us to pass livery and seisâ— of Inheritance by the delivery of a turf and sprigs taken off the ground and delivering the same to the Purchaser as appeareth in the Book of Ruth where it is said Now this was the manner before time in Israel concerning râ—deeming and changing for to stablish all things A man did pluck off his shoe and gave it to his neighbour and this was a sure witness By which Ceremony he publickly acknowledged that he had transferred and put over his whole right unto the Purchaser Ruth 4. 7 8 9. But in after Ages it seemeth the Jews passed Inheritances by Charters sealed and testified by witnesses a custome of use with us at this day at the Common Law as appeareth in the Prophesie of Ieremiah Men shall buy fields for money and make writings and seal them and take witnesses in the Land of Benjamin and round about Jerusalem c. 32. 44. And again Ier. 32. 25 And thon hast said unto me O Lord God buy unto thee a field for silver and take witnesses And I bought the field of Hananeel my Uncles son that was in Anathoth and weighed him the money even seventeen shekels of silver And I subscribed the Evidence and sealed it and took witnesses and weighed him the money in the balances c. Now since I am casually fallen upon this Argument of sealing of Deeds I hold it not amiss to give some little touch by the way of the first coming in of this custome of sealing in this our Nation which is now of so frequent use amongst us First it is to be observed that our Ancestors the Saxons had not the same in use for they used only to subscribe their Names commonly adding the sign of the Cross. And I need not to prove the same by the testimony of divers witnesses for this custome continued here in
twofold Line Spirewise or Pyramidal the Foundation being in the Dexter and Sinister base points of the Escocheon and the acute Angle of the Spire near to the top of the Escocheon As in Example The Content of the Chevron is the fifth part of the Field according to Leigh but Chassanaeus reckoneth the same amongst those Ordinaries that do occupy the third part of the Field You may have two Chevrons in one Field saith Leigh but not above and if they exceed that number then shall you call them Chevron ways But I suppose they might be termed much better Chevronels that is to say minute or small Chevrons for so is their blazon more certain This Charge following and the Subdivisions thereof are diversly born as well in respect of the divers location as of the variable form thereof for sometimes it is born on chief otherwhiles on base sometimes enarched sometimes reversed sometimes fretted c. as after by Examples appeareth Argent two Cheverons Sable is the Coat-Armour of Sir Ioseph Ash of Twittenham in Middlesex Baronet and of William Ash of Hatchbury in Wiltshire Esquire Gules three Cheverons Or by the Name of Mathews and is born by Lemuel Mathews A. M. Arch-Deacon of Down in the Kingdom of Ireland and by his brother Man Mathews Vicar of Swansey in Glamorganshire Or three Chevrons Gules was the Coat of Robert base Son of Henry the First who was created Earl of Gloucester by his Father and had Issue William Earl of Gloucester which William had three Daughters and Coheirs viz. Isabel who was married to King Iohn Mabel who married to the Earl of Eureux and Amicia married to Richard Earl of Clare and Glocester This Robert built the Castles of Bristol and Cardiff and the Priory of St. Iames in Bristol where he lyeth interr'd This Coat with a due difference is born by Mr. Iohn Wise of the City of London Master Plummer to the Office of his Majesties Ordnance The Subdivisions of this Ordinary are Chevronel Couple-close A Chevronel is a diminutive of a Chevron and signifieth a minute or small Chevron and containeth half the quantity of the Chevron as for Example The next in order to the Chevron is the Barr. A Barr is composed of two Equi-distant Lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon after the manner of the Fess before-mentioned as in this next Escocheon appeareth A Barr is subdivided into a Closet Barulet A Closet is a Charge abstracted from a Barr and consisteth also of two Equi-distant Lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon As in Example Azure two Barrs Or is the Coat-Armour of the ancient Family of the Burdets of Warwickshire Argent two Barrs Sable is born by Edward Brereton of Burras in Deubighshire Esquire Hitherto of a Barr Now of a Gyron A Gyron is an Ordinary consisting of two streight Lines drawn from divers parts of the Escocheon and meeting in an acute Angle in the Fess point of the same A Gyron as one saith is the same that we call in Latin Gremium which signifieth a Lap and is the space between the Thighs and thence perchance do we call the Groyn which name whether it be given to this Charge because it determines in gremio in the very lap or midst of the Escocheon or because it hath a bending like the Thigh and Leg together I cannot define Gyrons are born diversly viz. single by couples of six of eight of ten and of twelve as shall appear hereafter where I shall speak of Arms having no tincture predominating For the making this Ordinary behold this next Escocheon where you shall find one single Gyron alone which doth best express the manner thereof as in Example So much of a Gyron Now of a Canton and Quarter A Canton is an Ordinary framed of two streight Lines the one drawn perpendicularly from the Chief and the other transverse from the side of the Escocheon and meeting therewith in an acute Angle near to the corner of the Escocheon as in this next appeareth Hitherto of a Canton now of a Quarter The Quarter is an Ordinary of like composition with the Canton and holdeth the same places and hath great resemblance thereof insomuch as the same Rules and Observations that do serve for the one may be attributed to the other Quia similium similis est ratio of like things the reason is alike The only difference between them is that the Canton keepeth only a cantle or small portion of the corner of the Escocheon and the Quarter comprehendeth the full fourth part of the Escocheon as in Example Having spoken of the Canton and Quarter as much as for this present is requisite I will reserve some other their adjuncts to a more convenient place And will now speak of a Pile shewing some variable Examples of the divers bearing thereof A Pile is an Ordinary consisting of a twofold Line formed after the manner of a Wedge that is to say broad at the upper end and so lessening by degrees throughout with a comely narrowness and Taper growth meeting together at the lower end in an acute Angle as in this next Escocheon appeareth The Pile I take to be derived from Pilum an ancient Weapon peculiar to the Romans shaped somewhat like a Dart without Feathers but thicker at the great end and waxing smaller Taper-wise being about five foot in length and sharpned at the point with Steel And such were the offensive Arms of the Hastati and Principes as Polybius of the Roman Militia affirmeth And Generals themselves have born them in their Marches perhaps to encourage the Souldiers by their Examples all which is proved by the excellent Lucan lib. 1. who lamenting the misery of a Civil War thus complains Totis concussi viribus orbis In commune nefas infestisque obvia signis Signa pares aquilas Pila minantia Pilis where arm'd to impious war The force of all the quaking world from far Is met dire Standards against Standards dash Eagles 'gainst Eagles 'gainst Piles Piles do clash And Lib. 7. sceleris sed crimine nullo Externum maculent Chalybem stetit omne coactum Circa Pila nef as But no dire crime could stain the Strangers Steel Nought could do mischief but the Roman Pile Lastly describing Cato's magnanimity in his rough March through Lybia he thus singeth Lib. 9. Ipse manu sua Pila gerens c. Thus Englished Himself afoot before his wearied Bands Marches with Pile in hand and not commands This Coat is also born by his Uncle the Right Honourable Denzel Holles Baron Holles of Ifield and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. whose only Son and Heir apparent is Sir Francis Holles of Winterborn St. Martyn in Dorsetshire Baronet who hath Issue now living Denzel Holles c. Sometimes you shall find this Ordinary born transposed or reversed contrary to the usual form of their bearing viz. with their points upward which naturally ought to be downwards being supposed to be a piece of
or treading of all Beasts of Venery and Chase. That of a Hart Buck and all Fallow Deer Boar is termed SLot View Tract or Treading That of an Hare is tearmed according to her several Courses for when she keepeth in plain fields and chaseth about to deceive the Hounds it is said she Doubleâ—h but when she beateth the plain high-way where you may yet perceive her footing it is said she Pricketh Tearms of the Tayl. That of a Hart Buck Roe or any other Deer Boar Fox Wolf Hare and Coney is tearmed his Tayl. Single Wreath Bush or holy water sprinkle Stern Scut The fat of all sorts of Deer is called Suet. Also it may be very well said This Deer was a high Deer's Grease The fat of a Roe Boar and Hare is termed Bevy Grease Grease You shall say that a Hart Harboureth Buck Lodgeth Roe Beddeth Hare Seateh or Formeth Coney Sitteth Fox Kenneleth You shall say a Deer Hare Fox is Broken Cased Uncased You shall say Dislodge Start Unkennel Rowse Bowlt the Buck. Hare Fox Hart. Coney You shall say a Hart or Buck Roe Boar Hare or Coney Fox Wolf goeth to his the Rut. Tourn Brym Buck. Clicketting Match or to his Make. Tearms excogitated and used by Foresters Tou shall say a Hart Belloweth Buck Groaneth Roe Belleth Hare and Coney Beateth or Tappeth Fox Barketh Wolf Howleth You shall say a Litter of Cubs Nest of Rabbets Skilful Foresters and good Woodmen Do use to say a Herd Of Harts Herd All manner of Deer Bevy Roes Sounder Swine Rowt Wolyes Riches Marternes Brace or Lease Bucks Brace or Lease Foxes Brace or Lease Hares Couple Rabbets or Conies These are apt tearms of Hunting pertaining both to Beasts of Venery and of Chase. Whereas some men are of opinion that a Stag of what age soever he be shall not be called a Hart until the King or Queen have hunted him that is not so For after the fifth year of his age you shall no more call him a Stag but a Hart. So then at six years old he is called a Hart. Now if the King or Queen do hunt or chase him and he escape away alive then after such hunting or chasing he is called a Hart Royal. Note That if this Hart be by the King or Queen so hunted or chased that he be forced out of the Forest so farr that it is unlike that he will of himself return thitherto again and then the King or Queen giveth him over either for that he is weary or because he cannot recover him for that such a Hart hath shewed the King pastime for his delight and is also as Budeus noteth Eximius Cervus a goodly Hart and for that the King would have him return to the Forest again he causeth open Proclamation to be made in all Towns and Villages near to the place where the same Hart so remaineth That no manner of person or persons shall kill hurt hunt or chase him but that he may safely return to the Forest again from whence he came And then ever after such a Hart is called a Hart Royal proclaimed So that there are three sorts of Harts viz. Hart. Hart Royal. and Hart Royal proclaimed A Hind hath these Degrees First Second Third Year is called a Calf Brockets sister Hinde Good Foresters have observed that when a Hart hath past his sixth year he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenne and afterwards according to the increase of this Head Whether he be Crochod Palmed or Crowned When he breaketh Herd and draweth to the Thickets or Coverts the Foresters or Woodmen do say He taketh his hold Skilfull Woodmen describing the Head of a Hart do call the a Round Roll next the Head The Burr b Main Horn Beam c Lowest Antlier Browantliers d Next above thereunto Bezantliers e Next above that Royal. f Upper part of all Surroyal top And in a Buck's head they say c Burr b Beam d Braunche e Advancers a Palm Spellers And though every Gentleman is not an Armorist or a skilfull Woodman yet it is well-beseeming men of a generous race to have a superficial skill in either of these professions forasmuch as they both especially the former do well beseem the dignity of a Gentleman the one tending to the delight and recreation of the mind and the other to the health solace and exercise of the body that so in their mutual converse they may be able to deliver their minds in fit tearms in either kind and not in speeches either vulgar or obsolâ—te For which cause I here set down the tearms appropriated by skilfull Foresters and Woodmen to Beasts of Chase according to their several Names Seasons Degrees and Ages like as I have formerly done of Beasts of Venery as in Example Of Beasts of Chase the Buck is the first And is tearmed the First year a Fawn Second Pricket Third Sorel Fourth Sore Fifth Buck of the first head Sixth Buck or great Buck. Next to the Buck is the Doe being accounted the second Beast of Chase And is termed the First year a Fawn Second Prickets sister Third Doe The third Beast of Chase is a Fox which albeit he be said to be politick and of much subtilty yet is the variety of tearms of a Fox very scarce For in the First year he is called a Cub Second Fox Afterwarwards an old Fox or the like The Martern or Marton as some old Foresters or Woodmen do tearm them being the fourth Beast of Chase hath these tearms He is called the First year a Martern Cub Second Martern The fifth and last Beast of Chase is the Roe whose proper tearms pertaining to Chase are these He is said to be the First year a Kid. Second Girl Third Hein use Fourth Roe-buck of the first head Fifth Farr Roe-buck These Beasts of Chase do make their abode all the day time in the Fields and upon the Hills and high Mountains where they may see round about them afar off for preventing their danger For these are more timerous of their own safety than dangerous and harmful to men And in the night time when men be at rest and all things quiet then do they make their repair to the Corn-fields and Medows for food and relief for which respect they are called Campesties because they do haunt the Field and Champion grounds more than the Woods and thick Coverts or Thickets as we do most usually observe them This Coat with the difference of a second Brother is born by Iohn Bowen of Swansey in the said County Esq This Coat is also born by the Right Honourable William Earl of Devonshire Baron Cavendish of Hardwick and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Derby Gules three Bucks heads cabosed Argent is born by the Name of D'oyley and is the Coat-Armour of Sir VVilliam D'oyley of St. Margarets VVestminster in Middlesex Kt. Son and Heir of Sir VVilliam D'oyley of Shotisham in Norfolk Knight and Baronet Gules three Stags heads cabosed Or attired Argent is born
under the said King Edward until he was restored to his Estate in Gascoign by the Peace made betwixt the two Crowns Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl was the Coat-Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman who was made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror He flew in Battel Malcombe King of Scots and his eldest Son but after rebelling against William Rufus was taken prisoner in Northumberland and kept in Winchester prison till the reign of Henry the First and then died without issue after whose decease King Henry the First gave all his Lands and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine whose Son was called Mowbray of whom descended the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk And this Coat is now quartered by the honourable and flourishing Family of the Howards Ruby a Lion rampant Topaz is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Carbery Baron Vaughan of Emblin and Molingar and one of the Lords of his Majesties most honourable Privy Council Saphire a Lion rampant Pearl is the Coat of the Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew Baron of Stean descended from Eustace Crew who came into England with William the Conqueror and was made Baron of Monthalte Argent a Lion rampant Sable is the Coat-Armour of the Stapletons of Yorkshire Sable a Lion rampant Argent is born by Edmond Lewis Carn-Lloyd in Glamorganshire Esquire and by Edward Lewis of the Van in the said County Esquire As touching the bearing of the Lion after this manner I hold that then he may be truly said to be rampant when he standeth so directly upright as that the crown of his head doth answer to the plant of his foot whereupon he standeth in a perpendicular line and not by placing of the left foot in the dexter corner of the Escocheon as Leigh would have it As the former Example sheweth the gesture of the Lion pursuing his prey so this sheweth his gesture in seizing on it when he hath attained it Ruby a Lion rampant within a Bordure engrailed Pearl is born by the Right Honourable Ralph Lord Grey Baron of Warke of whose Family was Sir Iohn Grey who for his good Service in France was by King Henry the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the said Kingdom This Coat is also born by Sir Roger Mostyn of Mostyn in Flintshire Knight and Baronet and by William Mostyn of Rhyd in the said County Esquire Argent three Lions rampant and a Chief Gules is the Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Yelverton of Easton-Manduit in Northamptonshire Baronet The Lion saith Farnesius is a lively Image of a good Souldier who must be valiant of Courage strong of Body politick in Counsel and a foe to fear Such a one was the most valiant Prince Richard the Second surnamed Cour de Lion whose renowned Adventures suited with all courage and politick care gave him the eternal Name of the Lion-heart This Coat is also born by the Right Honourable William Herbert Earl and Baron of Powis and by the Right Honourable Edward Lord Herbert Baron of Cherbury and Castle-Island This Coat is also born by the Family of the Progers amongst whom is Charles Proger Herbert of Gwerndy in Monmouthshire Esq one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Privy chamber By Edward Proger Herbert Esq one of the Grooms of his Majesties Bed-chamber And by Henry Proger Herbert Esq one of his Majesties Ecqueties Ermyn on a Chief Azure three Lions rampant Or by the Name of Aucher and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Anthony Aucher of Bishops-bourn in the County of Kent Knight and Baronet Sable two Lions rampant combatant Or is born by Nicholas Carter of London Dr. in Physick Leigh saith That these were two Lions of sundry Regions which of manhood must combate only for Government For the Lion is as desirous of mastery as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour which if it be in a just Title and Claim is a vertue in a King and no way to be disliked For it was a Royal Apothegm worthy that great King Nemo me major nisi qui justior I acknowledge no King greater than my self but he that is juster There are yet other forms of bearing the Lion than are hitherto expressed as in these next Escocheons may be seen This Coat is also born by Thomas Wyndham of Tale in Devonshire Esq one of the Grooms of his now Majesties Bedchamber third Son of Sir Edmond Wyndham of Cathanger in Somersetshire Knight Marshal of his Majesties most Honourable Houshold and lineally descended of the ancient Family of the Wyndhams of Crown-Thorp in Norfolk The Lion beareth his tail after a diverse manner insomuch as we may thereby if not certainly know yet give a near ghess what a mood he is in for the present viz. whether he be furiously bent or peaceable or majestically affected And these qualities are manifestly discerned by the Inversion Eversion or Extension c. of his tail Here may rise a Question Whether the bearing of the tail of the Lion in any of these several manners be a sufficient difference to prevent all causes of challenge For my own part albeit I have not read or seen in Gerard Leigh Boswell Ferne or any other Armorial Writers the state of this Question handled I hold that they be differences sufficient to debarr all challenge My Reasons are these first Sufficit quod inter arma mea tua talis sit differentia qua detur diversitas And again Nova forma dat novum esse rei I hold them not only to be differences secundum quid but simpliciter that is to say absolute and essential differences Furthermore Data una dissimilitudine etiam paria judicabuntur diversa Moreover experience sheweth us That the least addition or subtraction in Armorial signs maketh them cease to be the same that they were Omnia Arma Arithmeticis figuris sunt simillima quibus si quid addas vel subtrahas non remanet eadem species as I have formerly shewed Finally for approbation of these my Opinions I will add this infallible Assertion Ea differunt quorum definitiones differunt These are my Reasons that induce me to be of this Opinion that the diverse manner of bearing of the tail of the Lion as aforesaid are or may be without exception essential differences which nevertheless I referr to the judicious censure of the Learned in this Profession who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds But because Demonstration is the best of Arguments to convince the incredulous it is apparent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned differs not from that of Smeres but only in the manner of the bearing of the tail both of them being Argent a Lion rampant Sable only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and turned over the head of the Lion as it more plainly appears before in this present Chapter Now as touching particularizing of the beforementioned assertion I say that the Eversion of the tail of the Lion is an express token of his placability or tractableness as
Dorcas daughter of Richard Graves Esq deceased late Reader of Lincolns-Inn aforesaid He beareth Argent a Cross betwen four Spread-Eagles Gules by the Name of Strachey and is born by Iohn Strachey of Sutton-Court in Somersetshire Esq. He beareth Argent three Palmers Staves Sable the heads rests ends Or by the Name of Palmer and is the Coat-Armour of William Palmer of Winthorp in Lincolnshire Esq Captain of a Troop in the Regiment of his Graceâ— the Duke of Monmouth Captain-General of all his Majesties Land-Forces He beareth Gules on a Bend Or three Martlets Sable by the Name of Brabazon and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Edward Brabazon of Ballyarthur in the County of Wickloe in the Kingdom of Ireland Esq second Son of the Right Honourable Edward Earl of Meath deceased He beareth Ermyn on a Bend Sable two Hands and Arms to the Elbows issuing out of Clouds at the Elbows all proper holding an Horshoe Or by the Name of Borlace and is the Coat-Armour of Humphrey Borlace of Treluddro in the County of Cornwall Esq. He beareth Sable a Bend Ermyn between two Cottises flory Or by the Name of Keck and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Anthony Keck of the Inner Temple London Esq He beareth Or a Bend engrailed between six Roses Gules by the Name of Warner and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Iohn Warner of Brakenthwaite in the Parish of Kirby-Overblow in the West-Riding of Yorkshire Esq lineally descended from the Warners of Wárner-Hall in Essex Argent a Fess humid Gules between three Ravens rising to fly Sable born by Richard Peirce of the City of London Esq. He beareth Argent a Fess Nebule Gules between three Eagles displayed Sable by the Name of Cudmore and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Cudmore of Kelvedon in Essex Esq son and heir of Thomas Cudmore Esq deceased by Dorothy eldest Daughter and Coheir of Sir Thomas Cecill Kt. son of Thomas Earl of Exeter by Dorothy Daughter and Coheir of Iohn Nevill Lord Latimer son and heir of Iohn Lord Latimer by Dorothy Daughter and Coheir of Sir George Vere Ktâ— which said Sir Thomas died Anno 1662. and lieth buried in Stamford-Baron in Northamptonshire amongst his Ancestors Per Pale Vert and Ermyn an Eagle displayed This Coat is born by Richard Goodlad of the City of London Esq. He beareth Gules a Cheveron Ermyn between three Flowers de Lis Argent by the Name of Crome and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Valentine Crome of Mayden-Early in Berkshire Esq decended from the ancient Family of Lewis in Yorkshire Argent a Fess between three Flowers de Lis Sable by the Name of Evance which said Coat is born by Iohn Evance of the City of London Esq He beareth Gules a Quaterfoil Or by the Name of Rowe and is born by Anthony Rowe of St. Martins in the Fields in Middlesex Esq third son of Sir Tho. Rowe of Moswellhill in the said County Kt. Argent a Cheveron between three Cinquefoils Gules is born by Charles Beauvoir of the City of London Esq descended from the Family of the Beauvoirs in the Island of Garnsey He beareth Or two Barrs Azure in Chief three Escallop-hells Gules by the Name of Clark and is the Coat-Armour of Edward Clark of the Inner Temple London Esq son and heir of Edward Clark of Chipley in Somersetshire Esq He beareth Vert a Greyhound current in Bend Argent collared Gules studded Or by the Name of Blome and is born by Richard Blome of Abergwilly in Gaermarthenshire Esq by Io. Blome of Sevenoke in Kent Gent. and by Richard Blome of Chobham in the Parish of Westham in Essex Gent. This Coat being false cut in the body of the Book is here rectified He beareth Gules a Cheveron â—ngrailed Ermyn between three Eagles Argent by the Name of Child This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iosias Child of Wanstead in the County of Essex Baronet He beareth Argent a Bend Sable in the sinister Chief a Garb Gules by the Name of Whitworth and is the Coat-Armour of Richard Whitworth of Adbaston in the County of Stafford Gent. He beareth Sable on a Bend Argent three Lozenges of the Field by the Name of Carington and was the Coat-Armour of Iohn Carington of Sponton in the North Riding of Yorkshire Gent. deceased second son of William Carington of Sponton aforesaid Esq who was second Brother to Iohn Carington of Carington in Cheshire Esq Thus having largely treated of all the parts of Atchievements our next business will be to represent them conjoyned together for which we will referr the Reader to the second part viz. Honour Military and Civil TO THE Generous Reader My Task is past my Care is but begun My Pains must suffer Censures for reward Yet hope I have now my great pains are done That gentle Spirits will quite them with regard For when my love to Gentry here they find My love with love they must requite by kind But if the ungentle Brood of Envies Grooms Misdoom my Pains no force they do their kind And I 'le do mine which is to scorn their Dooms That use unkindly a kind well-willing mind Thus I resolve Look now who will hereon My Task is past and all my Care is gone A Conclusion BUt He alone that 's free from all defect And only cannot erre true Wisdom's Sire Can without error all in All effect But weak are men in acting their desire This Work is filde but not without a flaw Yet filde with Pain Care Cost and all in all But as it were by force of Natures Law It hath some faults which on the Printers fall No Book so blest that ever scap'd the Press For ought I ever read or heard without Correctors full'st of Art and Carefulness Cannot prevent it Faults will flee about But here 's not many so the easier may Each gentle Reader rub away their stains Then when the verbal Blots were done away I hope their profit will exceed their pains Besides it may be thought a fault in me To have omitted some few differences Of Coronets of high'st and low'st degree But this I may not well a fault confess For 'twixt a Duke and Marquess Coronets Is so small odds as it is scarce discern'd As here i' th' Earl and Vicounts frontilets May by judicious Artists now be learn'd Then these are faults that Reason doth excuse And were committed wilfully because Where is no difference there is no abuse To Grace Arms Nature Order or their Laws This breaks no Rule of Order though there be An Order in Degrees concerning This If Order were infring'd then should I flee From my chief purpose and my Mark should miss ORDER is Natures beauty and the way To Order is by Rules that Art hath found Defect and excess in those Rules bewray Order's defective Nature 's much deform'd But ORDER is the Center of that GOD That is unbounded and All circumscribes Then if this Work hath any likelyhood Of the least good the
A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY MANIFESTING A more easie access to the Knowledge thereof than hath been hitherto published by any through the benefit of Method Whereunto it is now reduced by the Study and Industry OF JOHN GUILLIM Late Pursuivant at ARMS The Fifth Edition much enlarged with great variety of BEARINGS To which is added a TREATISE of HONOUR Military and Civil According to the Laws and Customs of ENGLAND collected out of the most Authentick Authors both Ancient and Modern by Capt. IOHN LOGAN ILLUSTRATEED With variety of SCVLPTVRES sutable to the several Subjects to which is added a Catalogue of the Atchievements of the NOBILITY of England with divers of the GENTRY for Examples of BEARINGS LONDON Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Blome and are sold by Francis Tyton Henry Brome Thomas Basset Richard Chiswell Iohn Wright and Thomas Sawbridge MDCLXXIX TO The most August CHARLES THE SECOND King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. Dread Sovereign HERE is a Firmament of Stars that shine not without your Benign Beam you are the Sun of our Hemisphere that sets a splendour on the Nobility For as they are Jewels and Ornaments to your Crown so they derive their lustre and value from thence From your Breast as from a Fountain the young Plants of Honour are cherisht and nurst up Your vertuous Atchievements are their Warrant and Example and your Bounty the Guerdon of their Merit And as all the Roman Emperours after Julius Caesar were desirous to be called Imperatores Caesares from him so shall all succeeding Princes in this our Albion in emulation of your Vertues be ambitious to bear your Name to Eternity Deign then Great Sir a gracious Reflex upon and Acceptation of this Display of Heraldry which though in it self is excellent yet thus illustrated by your Name will admit of no Comparison but render to the Publisher a share of Honour in that he is permitted into your Presence Being In all humility Your Majesties most submissive and obedient Subject and Servant RICHARD BLOME TO THE RIGHT NOBLE Henry Duke of Norfolk EARL-MARSHAL of ENGLAND Earl of Arundel Surrey Norfolk and Norwich Lord Howard Moubray Segrave Brews of Gower Fitz-Allen Clun Oswalstree Maltravers Graystock and Howard of Castle-Rising c. AND TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ROBERT Earl of ALISBVRY and ELGIN VISCOUNT Bruce of Ampthill Baron Bruce of Whorlton Skelton and Kinloss Hereditary High-Steward of the Honour of Ampthill Lord Lieutenant of the County of Bedford and High-Steward of Leicester and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel his Graces Substitute for the Officiating the said Office of Earl-Marshal Most Honoured Lords THIS Treatise next to his Sacred Majesty Honours Grand General must necessarily be dependant on your Lordships Honours Earl-Marshal to whose Protection and Patronage it is also most humbly Dedicated by My Lords Your Graces and Honours most Submissive Servant Richard Blome To the most Concerned the NOBILITY AND GENTRY My Lords and Gentlemen THis inestimable Piece of Heraldry that had past the Press four times with much approbation had the unhappy Fate in the last to have a Blot in its Escocheon viz. the Insertion of Oliver's Creatures which as no Merit could enter them in such a Regiment but Vsurpation so we have in this Impression exploded them and inserted the Persons Titles and Dignities of such as his Majesty since his blessed Restauration conferred Honour upon that so the Corn may be intire of one Sheaf and the Grapes of one Vine To this Impression is added A Treatise of Honour Military and Civil which I do own to have received from Captain David Logan of Idbury in Oxfordshire whose Manuscript is not exactly observed by omitting the Quotations in his Papers as being unwilling to swell the Volume unto too large a bulk and the rather being confident he asserts nothing without the Authority of good Authors putting my Confidence in his Care who is tender enough of his Honour and Loyalty Vertues inherent in his Blood and Name witness the Scotisâ— Histories although unfortunate therein three or four Ages ago Nor may this Treatise be without some Errors committed by the Press and that occasioned by his great distance in the Countrey which if any shall be corrected in the next Impression begging the Readers pardon for the present R. B. Mr. Guillim's PREFACE TO THE READER HOW difficult a thing it is to produce form out of things shapeless and deformed and to prescribe limits to things confused there is none but may easily perceive if he shall take but a sleight view of the Chaos-like contemperation of things not only diverse but repugnant in Nature hitherto concorporated in the generous Profession of Heraldry as the forms of the pure Caelestial Bodies mix'd with gross Terrestrials Earthly Animals with Watery Savage Beasts with Tame Whole-footed Beasts with Divided Reptiles with things Gressible Fowls of Prey with Home-bred these again with River-Fowls Airy Insecta with Earthly also things Natural with Artificial Arts Liberal with Mechanical Military with Rustical and Rustick with Civil Which confused mixture hath not a little discouraged many persons otherwise well affected to the study of Armory and impaired the estimation of the Profession For redress whereof my self though unablest of many have done my best in this my Display of Heraldry to dissolve this deformed Lump distributing and digesting each particular thereof into his peculiar Rank wherein albeit the issue of my Enterprise be not answerable to the height of my desires yet do I assure my self my labour herein will not be altogether fruitless forasmuch as hereby I have broken the Ice and made way to some after-comers of greater Gifts and riper Judgment that they may give a fairer body to this my delineated rough draught or shadow of a new-framâ—d method For if men of greatest skill have failed to give absolute form to their works notwithstanding their best endeavours with little reason may such perfection be expected from me whose Talent is so small as that I am forced to build wholly upon other mens Foundations and therefore may be thought to have undertaken an idle task in writing of things formerly handled and published by persons of more sufficiency and greater judgment Notwithstanding who knoweth not that as every man hath his proper conceit and invention so hath he his several drift and purpose so as divers men writing of one self Argument do handle the same diversty which being so what letteth that every of us writing in a diverse kind may not without offence to other use our uttermost endeavours to give unto this erst unshapely and disproportionable profession of Heraldry a true Symmetria and proportionable correspondence of each part to other Inasmuch if I be not deceived both they and my self do all aim at one mark which is so to adorn and beautifie this Science as that it being purged from her wonted deformities may become more plausible to many and be
the same in a kind of Bonnet called corruptly a Lettice Cap. Now as touching Colores medii or mixed Colours it is to be understood that they are raised by the contemperation or mixture of the two Simples formerly handled as may appear by the Definition of Scribonius who saith Mixtus color est qui ex Simplicium contemperatione producitur All mixt or midling Colours that we call Colores medii are reckoned more Noble or Ignoble by participation that is to say as they do partake more or less of the nobility of white which is resembled to light or of black which hath a resemblance of darkness or deprivation of light Of these according to Scribonius some are Exactly compounded of both Simples Declining more to the one than to the other in an unequal proportion Purpure Colour hath some resemblance of a withered red Rose which after long gathering the glorious lustre thereof fading becometh somewhat blackish as if it were a proportionable commixture of Red and Black together This Colour hath its Denomination of a certain Fish called in Latin Purpura a kind of Shell-fish whereof in times past great store have been found near to that famous City of Tyrus situated next to the Sea-coast in the Country of Phoeuicia this kind of Fish hath in the mouth of it an excellent and precious liquor or juyce of singular use in dying of â—loaths the invention and use whereof was first found out by the Tyrians for which cause this Colour is called Tyrius Color They must be taken alive and that chiefly in the Spring Season at which time the juyce is most plentiful in them at other Seasons it is more scarce They are gathered alive and cast together on a heap that so by their continual motion they may vent out this rich liquor together with their spirit which done in some near place or other provided for the clean keeping thereof it is taken up and spared for necessary purposes This Colour in ancient time was of that precious esteem as that none but Kings and Princes and their Favourites might wear the same as we may see Dan. 5. 16. Now if thou canst read the writing and shew me the interpretation thereof thou shalt be clothed with Purple and shalt have a chain of Gold about thy neck Also 1 Macchab. 10. 20. And Alexander sent Jonathan a Purple Robe and a Crown of Gold And again When his Accusers saw his Honour as it was proclaimed and that he was cloathed in Purple they fled all away Hereof perhaps it cometh that this Colour is found of so rare use in Armorial Signs Moreover it is said And the King commanded that they should take off the Garment of Jonathan and cloath him in Purple and so they did 1 Macchab. 10. 62. I have purposely for the avoiding of prolixity omitted here to speak of the Elements Vertues and Complexions which every one of these Metals and Colours are respectively resembled unto because Ferne in his Blazon of Gentry hath a large Discourse of the same subject to which I referr the Reader CHAP. IV. HItherto of Colours and Metals Now of Furrs according to the Series and Course of our Distribution before delivered pag. 10. Furrs used in Arms are taken for the Skins of certain Beasts stripped from the Bodies and artificially trimmed for the furring doubling or lining of Robes and Garments serving as well for State and Magnificence as for wholsome and necessary use And these thus trimmed and imployed are called in Latin pellicei à pellendo of driving away quite contrary in sense though like in sound to pellices à pellicendo for drawing all to them because they do repel and resist the extremities of cold and preserve the Bodies that are covered with them in good temperature These are used as well in doublings of the Mantles pertaining to Coat-Armours as in the Court-Armours themselves Furrs do consist either of One colour alone or More colours than one Furrs consisting of more than one Colour are either of Two Colours or More than two Such Furrs as are compounded of two Colours only are sorted either with Black and are either Black mixt with white as Ermyn and Ermyns or Black mixt with Yellow as Ermynois and Pean or without Black such are according to Leigh Verrey sez A. and B. and Verrey Or and Vert. Knowledge is no way better or more readily attained than by Demonstration Scire enim est per demonstrationem intelligere saith Aristotle I will therefore give you particular example of their several Bearings Mr. Boswell is of this Opinion That Ermyn and Ermyns ought never to be sorted in Arms with the Metal of their colour because saith he they are but Furrs and have no proper Blazon with any Metal Yet doth he particularly Blazon the Coat of Walcot fol. 106. in the Atchievement of the Right Honourable Lord Sir William Cecil Knight late Lord Treasurer of England where he might fitly have taken exception against such bearing if he could have produced any good ground for warranting such his Opinion in default whereof he there passeth the same over with silence knowing that Antiquity and Custome which hath the vigour of a Law where there is no Law written are powerful in things of this nature he secretly relinquisheth his Opinion forasmuch as it is manifest that not only Walcot but Kingsmell and many others both ancient and modern have used such bearing without contradiction These are other sorts of Furrs or Doublings consisting also of two only Colours which as they are much different in form so do they also receive a diverse Blazon from these before specified which are these that follow and their like Sometimes it was permitted to men grown to years to use a kind of short Cloak called Penula in time of wars though it were in substance but sleight and thin For Alexander Severus the Emperour in favour of aged men did grant them a Priviledge for wearing of this kind of Garments Wolf Lazius lib. 8. The Garments of the Tribune of the People and of the Plebeian Sect were most commonly this Penula before mentioned like as also was Sagum which was a Souldiers Cloak or Cassock and Endromis which was an hairy Garment much like an Irish Mantle and Hood These were apt Garments for repelling of Cold. These were not Habits beseeming an Emperour or chief Commander to wear nevertheless we read that Caligula ware oftentimes Depictas Penulas Alex. lib. 5. Amongst the rest this is to be observed That Consuls were habited sometimes in Coat-Armors called Paludamenta and sometimes in Kirtles called Trabeae which was a kind of Garment worn by Kings under their Mantles of State So that they were sometimes said to be Trabeati and sometimes to be Paludati according to these several Habits Also the Lictores were Officers that usually attended these Consuls and were like unto Sergeants or Ministers appointed to inflict corporal punishment upon Offenders and were most commonly in number Twelve
curva Zanch. lib. 3. cap. 422. Rightness is a property of a Line whereby it is carried levelly or equally throughout the Escocheon without either rising or falling Crookedness is a property of a Line meerly contrary to Rightness in that it is carried unevenly throughout the Escocheon with rising and falling In Blazoning of Ordinaries formed of streight Lines you must only name the Ordinary without making mention of the streightness of the Line whereof the same is composed But if the same be made of any of the manifold sorts of crooked Lines the form of such crookedness must be especially mentioned as by Examples shall be made plain hereafter in their proper places A Bunched Line is that which is carried with round reflections or bowing up and down making divers hollow Crooks or Furrows by reason of the sundry Bendings to and fro as by these Examples next following may appear A Corner Line is framed of sundry Lines meeting together cornerwise Of cornered Lines some are Rect-Anguled so called of their right Corners or Angles and are formed after this manner Acute-Anguled so named because their Corners or Angles are Acute or Sharp and these we call Indented after this manner Daunsett which are formed after this sort Note That these two last mentioned sorts of Lines viz. Indented and Daunsett are both one secundum quale but not secundum quantum For their form is all one but in quantity they differ much in that the one is much wider and deeper than the other Of all these several sorts of Lines Examples shall be given hereafter as occasion shall arise CHAP. IV. HAving spoken of the Properties of Lines so much as serves for our intended purpose let us next take a view of the several kinds of those Lines as far forth as they have use in Heraldry For they are used Single Manifold Of both which kinds and forms are all the Honourable Ordinaries composed as we shall shew hereafter And first for the single Lines and their use it is to be understood that one single Line doth make that sort of Ordinary which we name a Chief A Chief is an Ordinary determined by some one of the several forms of Lines aforesaid added to the Chief part of the Escocheon As in Example And as the Head is the chief part in a man so the chief in the Escocheon should be a reward of such only whose high merits have procured them chief place esteem or love amongst men This Ordinary in our Example you see is formed of a streight Line you must therefore in the Blazon thereof only name the kind of Ordinary as before we admonished making no mention at all of the streightness of the Line but if the same or any other Ordinary be framed of any other form than streight then must you expresly mention the form of the Line whereof such Ordinary is composed be it Bend Cheuron Fess Saltire c. shewing the same to be either Invecked Engrailed Wavy Indented c. Chiefs are made of all those several forms of Lines beforementioned as well as other Charges as by the Examples of Bordures before-handled may in part appear and shall be more fully shewed hereafter in other kinds A Chief saith Sir Iohn Ferne may be honoured of another as an Addition to the former as in Examples CHAP. V. HItherto hath our Pencil drawn out to your view a single Line which doth create an Ordinary or some other of the Charges last mentioned it resteth that I shew what a manifold Line is and the use thereof according to the project of our prefixed Method I call that a Manifold Line when as more than one Line are required to the perfecting of an Ordinary Manifold Lines are Twofold More than twofold Twofold Lines I understand to be there where is constituted an Ordinary of two Lines Of which kind of Ordinaries are these only viz. The Pale Bend Fess Barr Quarter Canton and their like as shall appear by Example in their several places First of a Pale A Pale is an Ordinary consisting of two Lines drawn perpendicularly from the Top to the Base of the Escocheon comprehending the third part of the Escocheon The content of the Pale must not be enlarged whether it be charged or not This Ordinary is subdivided into Pallet Endorse A Pallet is the moiety or one half of the Pale and thereof receiveth his name of Diminution as being a Demy or little Pale And an Endorse is the Fourth part of a Pallet Example of each ensueth Now from the Pale and the several Subdivisions thereof let us come to the Bend and the distinct parts of the same A Bend is an Ordinary consisting also of twofold Lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon from the Dexter Chief to the Sinister base point of the same so that the exact point of the Dexter and Sinister corners thereof may answer to the precise midst of those Equidistant Lines whereof the Bend is made As in Example The Bend seemeth to have its Denomination from the French word Bender which signifieth to stretch forth because it is extended betwixt those opposit points of the Escocheon viz. the Dexter Chief and the Sinister Base Yet in ancient Rules I find the Bend drawn somewhat Arch-wise or after the resemblance of the bent of a Bow Notwithstanding according to some Armorists it doth represent a Ladder set aslope on this manner to scale the Walls of any Castle or City as shall be shewed hereafter and betokeneth the Bearer to have been one of the first that mounted upon the Enemies Walls This Bend drawn from the right side to the left is called a Bend Dexter but you shall also find a Bend exactly drawn like to this on the contrary side having his Leginning from the left corner of the Chief and his termination in the Dexter base point of the Escocheon for which cause it is named a Bend Sinister as in Example hereafter shall illustrate In Blazoning of Bends if the same be Dexter you shall only say He bears a Bend not using the word Dexter but if it be drawn from the Sinister Chief to the Dexter Base then you must in Blazon by no means omit the word Sinister Note That the Bend and divers other Ordinaries following are subject to exemption or voiding Voiding as earst we shewed is the exemption of some part of the inward substance of things voidable by occasion whereof the Field is transparent through the Charge leaving only the outward Edges bearing the colour and quantity of the Charge as appeareth in this next Escocheon Argent a Bend engrailed Gules is the Paternal Coat-Armour of that ancient Family of the Colepeppers of Kent the chief of which is the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Colepepper Baron of Thornsway now residing at Leeds-Castle in the said County This Coat also appertaineth to Sir Thomas Colepepper of Preston-hall in Aylesford in the said County Baronet This Ordinary is composed of divers other of the Forms of Lines beforementioned as
sunt in honore pares Mules Abbots and Abbesses are alike They bear the weapons but cannot strike Pearl a Cheveron Ruby between three Leopards heads Diamond is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Francis Viscount Newport of Bradford Baron Newport of High-Ercall Lord Lieutenant of the County of Salop Treasurer of his Majesties Houshold and one of the Lords of his most Honourable Privy Council Vert a Cheveron between three Leopards heads Or is the Coat of Sir Barrow Fitch of Woodham-walter in Essex Kt. Sable a Cheveron between three Leopards heads Argent is the Coat of Mr. Tho. Hawes of the City of London Merchant Or a Cheveron between three Leopards heads Sable with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Wheler of Burbury in Warwickshire Baronet anciently of Martin-Hussingtre in the County of Worcester Or on a Bend Azure three Leopards heads Argent is the Coat of Iohn Mingay of Gimingham in Norfolk Esq Now in the blazon of this next ensuing Escocheon I in this present Edition shall upon better consideration differ from that which I gave it in my former Secundae cogitationes saepè sunt meliores CHAP. XXVI ANOTHER sort there is of exorbitantâ— Animals much more prodigious than all the former such are those Creatures formed or rather deformed with the confused shapes of Creatures of different kinds and qualities These according to some Authors are called in Latin Monstra à Monstrando for foreshewing some strange events These Monsters saith St. Augustine cannot be reckoned amongst those good Creatures that God created before the transgression of Adam for those did God when he took the survey of them pronounce to be valdè bona for they had in them neither access nor defect but were the perfect workmanship of God's Creation And of them Zanchius saith that Eorum deformitas habet usus cum Deo serviant ad gloriam ipsius illustrandam electis ad salutem promovendam If man had not transgressed the Law of his Maker this dreadful deformity in likelyhood had not happened in the procreation of Animals which some Philosophers do call Peccata Naturae Errors in Nature Quoniam uatura impeditur in horum generatione ne possit quale velit producere Animal Some examples in this kind here ensue Vert a Griffon rampant Or is the Coat of Richard Coleling of Coreley in Shropshire Esq Principal Secretary to the Right Honourable Henry Earl of St. Albans Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold Azure a Griffon sergreant or rampant Or is the Coat of Sir Iohn Read of Brocket-hall in Hartfordshire Baronet As also by the Name of Cursellis and by Mr. Iames Cursellis of London Merchant Sable a Griffon sergreant Or is the Coat of the Honourable Society of Grays-Inn being one of the four Inns of Court The erecting of the fore-leggs of this Griffon is an evident testimony of his readiness for action which addeth a second force of his attempt and promiseth a successful event of his enterprise by reason he uniteth force and industry together The Griffon having attained his full growth will never be taken alive wherein he doth adumbrate or rather lively set forth the property of a valorous Souldier whose magnanimity is such as he had rather expose himself to all dangers and even to death it self than to become a Captive As a Lion rampant is figured erectus elevatus mordax ore radens pedibus so may a Bear Griffon or whatsoever other Animal of fierce nature as aforesaid that is shaped in like form and action For the Lion is not said to be rampant because he representeth the shape of a Lion but in respect of his fierce and cruel action so this in like manner using the same actions may apertly participate the same terms of blazon his double shape notwithstanding Similium enim similis est ratio The Poets do feign that Dragons do keep or according to our English phrase sit abrood upon Riches and Treasures which are therefore committed to their charge because of their admirable sharpness of sight and for that they are supposed of all other living things to be the most valiant Adag col 515. whereof Ovid. Metamorph. 7. Pervigilem superest herbis sopire Draconem The Dragons are naturally so hot that they cannot be cooled by drinking of water but still gape for the Air to refresh them as appeareth Ieremiah 14. 6. And the wild Asses did stand in the high places they snuffed up the wind like Dragons their eyes did fail because there was no grass Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat Agnoâ—â— I know not what wicked eye hath bewitched my tender Lambs To these must be added Montegres Satyrs Monk-fishes as also Lions-dragons Lions-poisons and whatsoever other double shaped Animal of any two or more of the particular kinds before handled CHAP. XXVII UNTO this will I add some sorts of Animals which although they be duly shaped and therefore may seem to agree with those of the same kind formerly treated of yet do they much differ from them either in their unnatural postures and gestures or else being with some liberty-debarring instrument by mans industry and invention restrained of their natural freedom as by a chain or the like and therefore could not according to Methods strict rule have been handled promiscuously among the former Some few Examples of this kind of bearing of Animals of this sort in Coat-Armour I here present unto your view Argent a Lion rampant regardant Sable is the Coat of Thomas Mathew of Castle-Mengch in Glamorganshire Esq Or a Lion rampant regardant Sable is born by Iohn Lloyd of Keyswyn in Merionethshire Esq. This action doth manifest an inward and degenerate perturbation of the mind which is meerly repugnant to the most couragious nature of the Lion Cujus natura est imperterrita according to the saying Leo fortissimus bestiarum ad nullius pavebit occursum The form of bearing of the Lion regardant albeit in respect of his courage and magnanimity it be contrary to his natural quality for that it may be thought and is indeed generally holden to be a chief note of timorousness which is meerly contrary to his generous nature yet nevertheless it is good Armory not only in him but also in all other Animals of like bearing so long as they are born significantly and it fitteth our profession to interpret all sorts of bearing to the best that is to say to the most honour of their Bearers To the end therefore that I may give some satisfaction touching the commendable bearing thereof to such as do hold the contrary I hold the same form of bearing to be born not only in the Lion but in whatsoever other Animals significantly and therefore commendably forasmuch as such action betokeneth a diligent circumspection or regardful consideration of fore-passed events of things and comparing of them with things present that he may give a conjectural ghess of the effects of things yet to come and resting
that held out the Assailants is surprised whatsoever is found therein is due to them that took the same as well the persons as their whole substance whose opinion herein Aristotle followeth Polit. 40. And St. Ambrose lib. 1. de Patriarch writeth That the prey of the King of Sodom was in like sort in the power of Abraham that conquered him This custome hath been also observed That to ask leave to bury the slain in the time of open hostility and whilst men are in Arms in the Field or depart the Field after Battel is a kind of yielding of victory for it beseemeth not them that won the Battel to seek any thing of the enemy by way of intreaty Like as also the unwillingness to joyn Battel and protraction or delay of Battel was taken for a yielding of Victory And now we will begin with Examples of bearing such things in Coat-Armour whereby Martial Discipline and Order which we have now discoursed of are preserved whereof some are for shew other for sound Very behoveful are these Ensigns for every particular Band of Foot and Troop of Horse to the end they may know whither to draw together in expectance of the command of their Captain for the performance of all occasions and that they may by them be directed after any conflict or skirmish whither to retire themselves without danger they also serve for the manifest distinguishing of Bands and Companies And by these they are all directed in their Services as a Ship is guided through the forcible and violent surges of the Seas by the benefit of her Helm and a skilful Pilot guiding the same The Ensigns that the Romans anciently used◠were of divers shapes the Eagle fixed on the top of a Pike or Pole was the chief but that they had Penons or Flags also appeareth by Lazius who saith they were called vexilla à velis navium from the Sails of Ships which they resembled being so named tanquam minus velum as it were a little Sail. These foresaid Instruments serve for direction on and order to the eye and by shew To these Ensigns thus born in the Field in time of Battel either expected or acted we may add this known Ensign of premonstration of eminent hostile invasion which is the fired Becacon which giveth a sudden warning of instant intended attempt or invasion of Enemies the notice whereof giveth occasion of the firing of the Beacon whereupon a Gentleman of good reputation chose to bear for his Impress upon a Mount a Beacon fired with this Motto annexed Sic periisse juvat meaning to die for his Countries safety was his desire The bearing in Arms of three of these fired Beacons appeareth in this next Example There is manifold uses of the Drum Fife Trumpet and other Musical Instruments used in Martial Affairs inasmuch as they serve not only for the direction of Companies Troops but also of the whole Army in their Marchings Encampings Risings Assaults Retreats c. but also to dead and drown the cries of the maimed and wounded and to stir up valour and courage in the Souldiers to the fierce encountering and assaulting of the Enemy and for these ends was the use of them ordained in wars to which purpose do these Instruments much avil Sonus enim cornuum tubarum in praeliis magnum vim habet ad spiritus sanguinem evocandum For it is not with men as it is with beasts which can stir up courage in themselves as I have before shewed For men in respect of fear and faint courage are hardly provoked to fight therefore had they need to be drawn on and provoked thereto These Clarions are sometimes described Rests but whether they be understood to be the Rudder or from the Name to be a thing whereon to rest their Launces I know not but am rather induced to believe them to be Instruments used in Battel and Tournaments as we do Trumpets For I find Robert Consul's Coat base Son to Henry the first blazoned Clarions of these very colours And in many old Descriptions of Tilting we find the Knights to come in with Clarions sounding before them CHAP. XIV THE next are such things as serve for execution of order which is the final end for which Military Profession is instituted viz. propulsation or revenge of wrong or for foiling the wrong-doer refusing to give satisfaction to the party grieved And as in the Law Politick so in this Law Military Execution is reckoned the soul thereof To the accomplishment of execution of order sundry sorts of weapons are requisite some invasive or offensive others defensive the one to protect our selves the other to impeach our foes And of these invasives will we speak in the first place beginning with those which we call Missilia such as are cast or forced by strength of hand or slight of Engine and after we will come to such as are manual or managed with the hand There are divers sorts of these kind of Guns but I shall only shew you an Example of bear-in of one other sort of them called Chambers of which you may here see three born with an interposition of one Ordinary surmounted of another between them Whether the invention hereof were behoveful and necessary or as others reckon it most pernicious and devillish I will not take upon to dispute but referr you to Sebastian Munster lib. 3. of his Cosmography where he maketh mention of Bertholdus Swartz the Monk that first devised them Anno Dom. 1354. There I tell not the Colour of these Ogresses or Pellets because they be always Sable as shall be more plainly shewed in the conclusion of this fourth Section This Coat is also born by his Lordships Brother by another venter the Right Honourable Iames Lord Norris Baron of Rycot in Oxfordshire c. As also by Capt. Bertue of Secretary to the Right Honourable Thomas Earl of Latimer Lord High Treasurer of England This battering Ram was a warlike Instrument much used by the Romans when they besieged any City or Hold with purpose to surprize them Such an Engine amongst divers others did Titus Vespatianus erect against the City of Ierusalem which were by Iosephus and his Associates consumed with fire Such is the force of this Engine as that there is no Tower so strong or Circuit of a Citie so spacious but if that they resist the first brunt thereof through often use they will be subverted Gules three broad Arrows Or feathered and headed Argent by the Name of Hales a Family of good Antiquity in Kent where now resideth Sir Edward Hales of Tunstall Baronet Sir Robert Hales of Beaksborne Baronet and Edward Hales of Chilstone in Bocton-Malherb Esq. The Arrow is called in Latin Sagitta as some do conceit it quasi satis ictus for that it annoyeth and galleth the Enemy farr enough off so as he cannot approach the Archer to endammage him because by the smart delivery of the Bow the Enemy is put to hazard a
in Middlesex Gent. As touching such Coat-Armour of Partition as are charged all over these few Examples may suffice I do blazon this Coat-Armour by precious stones in respect the Bearer hereof is ennoblished by his rare vertues and approved loyal Services done to Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory and to the King's Majesty late deceased as also in regard of his so many learned and judicious works publickly manifested in sundry Volumes extant and approved by men of best judgment in that kind This Coat with a due difference is born by Colonel Thomas Sackvile of Selscome in Sussex a person that served King Charles the First in all his Civil Warrs and was one of the Captains of his Life-guards at the Battel of Edg-hill He was Son of Sir Thomas Sackvile of the said place Knight of the Bath and is now married to Margaret Daughter of Sir Henry Compton of Brambletye in the aforesaid County also Knight of the Bath by his first wife the Lady Cicely Sackvile Daughter to Robert Earl of Dorset As these last mentioned Coats are framed of straight lines of Partition so shall you find others composed of sundry lines before spoken of in the beginning of the second Section of this Book as well of those sorts that I call cornered lines as of those that are bunched And as these last handled do utterly exclude all mixture of the Tinctures whereof they are formed by reason of the straightness of the lines wherewith they be divided so contrariwise those Arms that do consist of those other sorts of lines do admit participation and intermixture of one colour with another for which cause they are of Leigh termed Miscils à miscendo of mingling to whom I will referr you touching Coats of that kind for that he hath exemplified them at large in his Accidence of Armory CHAP. II. IN the former Chapter are comprehended such Coat-Armours as consist of single and manifold lines as well charged as simple Now shall be handled such other kinds of hearing which albeit they consist of lines of Partition as the last spoken of do yet by reason of the variable apposition of some one or omore lines of Partition they do constitute another form of bearing and receive also a diverse denomination being called Coats counterchanged or transmuted All which shall brieflyâ— yet plainly appear by the few Examples following Counterchanging or transmutation is an intermixture of several Metals or Colours both in Field and Charge occasioned by the apposition of some one or more lines of Partition Such Coat-Armours may be fitly resembled to the party-coloured-garements so much esteemed in ancient time as they were held meet for the Daughters of Kings during the time of their virginity So we read of Thamar the Daughter of King David Erat induta tuâ—ica verse-colore sic enim vestiebantur filiae Regis virgines pallis and so we read that Ioseph the special beloved Son of Israel was by his Father clad in a Coat of divers colours Touching the high estimation of which kind of garments we find where the Mother of Sisera discoursing with her Ladies touching her Son 's over-long stay after the Battel against the Israelites said Partiuntur praedam puellam â—uamâ— imo duas in personam quamcunque praeda versicolorum est Siserae praeda versicolorum Phrygioncium opus c. Bends saith Sir Iohn Ferne or any other principal Charges Ordinary may be parted of two colours on more And such bearing is no novelty in Arms but are as ancient as the Norman Conquest and before so as they are both honourable and ancient Of which sort of bearing you shall in part see in these next ensuing Escocheons Sometimes you shall find Coat-Armours parted per Pale indented and counterchanged as in this next Escocheon As there is counterchanging as in these precedent Examples so also may you observe the like bearing Barr-ways as in this next Escocheon CHAP. III. THERE are certain other kinds of bearing of Arms having no colour predominating and are named of the several things from whence they are derived for such are abstracted either from Charges ordinary or common Of the first sort are such as being derived from some of the Ordinaries intreated of formerly have their derivation either manifest and do keep their name or else obscure and do lose their name Those are said to have a manifest derivation whose Original is apparently discerned to be abstracted from some of the said Ordinaries as from Pale Bend Fess Barr c. Such are these that follow and their like Barry of six pieces Or and Azure by the Name of Constable These were anciently the Arms of one Fulco de Oyry a noble Baron of this Realm whose Daughter and Heir the Ancestor of these Constables had married and bore the Arms of the said Fulk according to the usual custome of that Age. Sometimes you shall find a Coat-Armour composed of more than of six of these pieces as in this next Example Note that these and such others are no less subject to charging both in part and all over than those last exemplified as by the ensuing Examples is apparent This Coat with the Arms of Vlster is now born by Sir Robert Shirley of Staunton-Harold in Leicestershire of Chartley in Staffordshire of Ettington in Warwickshire and of Shirley Brailsford and Edneston in Darbyshire Baronet CHAP. IV. HAVING given Examples of Coats abstracted from Ordinaries by a manifest derivation now followeth in order to speak of such as have their derivation from them after a more obscure manner as in Example Now I will shew you a Coat-Armour which although it be of this kind yet doth it much differ from the former This shall suffice for Coat-Armours having an observe derivation from some of the Ordinaries and do keep their name Of such as do lose the name of their Ordinaries whereof they are composed I find only one sort which is checky And this form of bearing is also chargeable both in part and all over as shall appear by these next Examples wherein I do omit to exemplifie the single sort of bearing because the same is manifestly and universally known but will explain the compound only as followeth Of this Family of the Cliffords have been many Persons eminent in their Generations both in Peace and Warr and of late years George Earl of Cumberland famous for his many Services under Queen Elizabeth especially his taking Porto Rico in America from the Spaniards and since him Thomas Lord Clifford Baron of Chudleigh in Devonshire late Lord High Treasurer of England under his Majesty King Charles the Second Concerning Coat-Armours having no colour predominating and are derived from Ordinaries that which hath been spoken is sufficient I will now conclude with two Examples of such as are abstracted for common Charges viz. from Fusils Mascles and Lozenges which being born all over the Field are termed in blazony Fusily Lozengy Masculy that is Fusil-ways Lozenge-ways Mascle-ways These also are found charged
Arms of the said Order and then demeaned himself with such valour in Battel that after he had slain the Admiral of the Saracens with his own hand he sunk and put to flight the most part of their Foists Ships and Gallies and in fine redeemed the City of Acres from a perillous Naval siege For which benefit done to Religion the Knights of the said Order requested the said Earl of Savoy to advance for his Coat-Armour this Ensign here mentioned Since which time all those that entred the said Order have also had their Paternal Coat-Armour insigned with this Cross on the Chief of their Paternal Coat as followeth To these donative augmentations of Arms I will add certain Arms Assumptive which are such as a man of his proper right may assume as the guerdon of his valorous service with the approbation of his Sovereign and of the Herald As if a man being no Gentleman of blood or Coat-Armour or else being a Gentleman of blood and Coat-Armour shall captivate or take prisoner in any lawful warrs any Gentleman great Lord or Prince as saith Sir Iohn Ferne he may bear the shield of that prisoner and enjoy it to him and his heirs for ever if the same be not by like infortune regained be he Christian or Pagan for that is but a vain and frivolous distinction These are such as the Bearers or some of their Ancestors have forced from the enemy either in compelling him to flight and so to forsake his Arms or Ensigns or by strong hand surprise him prisoner in justo bello or having slain him so gained to himself jure gentium an absolute interest in the Ensigns of his conquered Foe And in this sense may that assertion of Bertolus be verified where he saith Et jam populares propria authoritate arma sibi assumere possunt but not otherwise because the base sort of men having no generous blood in them are not capable of Armorial Ensigns which are the badges of noble disposition or generous birth and therefore they ought not to be bestowed upon such persons Quia entia nolunt malè disponi Arist. Met. But in this sense it may be understood that he that is not descended of gentle blood is holden worthy to bear the Coat-Armour that he hath gained for the apparent tokens of vertue and valour that are found in him That the vanquisher may bear the Arms of the vanquished I shall make apparent by this next Example CHAP. IV. COncerning Coat-Armours marshalled within the Escocheon whereof the occasions are manifest we have hitherto intreated now of such as have their occasions less manifest Those are such as being hereditary Coat-Armours are so obscurely marshalled in one Escocheon as that thereby the beholder can yield no reason or yet conjectural probability of such their union nor may well discern them to be distinct Coats So as it often falleth out that they are mistaken for some new coined Coat rather than two Coats of distinct Families and so reckoned to be a Coat too bad to be born And such marshalling is either one above another or one upon another Of the first sort may we reckon the Coat-Armour of Browne before exemplified as also these following and their like Another form of bearing of divers Coats upon like occasion much different from this doth the same Author commend that is to say the bearing of the Mothers Arms upon the Fathers by the heir in a Bend And this doth he reckon to be the best manner of bearing such Arms saying Optimus certè modus portandi diversa arma in uno scuto habetur in istis Bendis quia habens patrimonium à suo patre dimissum alias certas terras per matrem sibi provenientes quibus quidem terris maternis certa appropriantur Arma ab antiquo ut fortè quia ipsa arma materna sortiuntur nomen progeniei suae Tunc ipse haeres si voluerit potest portare Arma integra sui patris in scuto plano in tali Benda potest portare Arma materna Of this form of bearing you may see a demonstration in this next Eschocheon Not unaptly may these Coats be said to be obscurely marshalled when the occasion thereof cannot be either certainly discerned or yet probably conjectured neither can it be with reason conceived whether the Superiour be born for the Fathers Coat or for the Mothers And thus much shall suffice concerning Coat-Armours marshalled within the Escocheon CHAP. V. AMongst the various bearings of Coat-Armour in this Book the Authour Mr. Guillim hath given no example of the bearing of women in a Lozenge as not under Covert Baron which being very necessary to be taken notice of I have here inserted the Arms of oâ—e few who for their Vertues and generous Educations may deservedly be made the Patterns of Bearings in this kind This manner of bearing in Lozenges by unmarried women may seem to take its rise or original from the Fusil or Spindle of Yarn single women being called Spinsters Nunquam à Lancea transibat ad fusum says Favine speaking of Salique Land It never past from the Launce to the Fusil Lozenge or Spindle But Plutarch gives a more noble and ancient derivation of this form of bearing where he tells us in the life of Theseus That in the City of Megara in his time the Tombs of Stone wherein the bodies of the Amazons lay inâ—erred were cut in the form or fashion of a Lozenge in imitation of their shields according to the manner of Greece Thus much for the bearing of Widows who may on no pretence whatsoever bear either their Paternal-Coat or their Husbands single for if in an Escocheon or Shield then it will be taken for the bearing of a man and if in a Lozenge then the bearing proper for a Maiden Gentlewoman CHAP. VI. IN the former Chapters hath been treated of such Coat-Armours as are marshalled within the Escocheon in order it now succeedeth to speak of marshalling without the Escocheon These are certain Ornaments externally annexed to the Coat-Armour of any Gentleman by reason of his advancement to some honour or place of eminency by the gracious favour of the Sovereign as an honourable addition to his generous birth Of these there are divers particulars which being conjoyned and annexed to a Coat-Armour do constitute an Atchievement An Atchievement according to Leigh is the Arms of every Gentleman well marshalled with the Supporters Helmet Wreath and Crests with Mantles and Words which of Heralds is properly called in Blazon Heawme and Timbre The French word Heaulme which we call in English an Helmet seemeth to have given derivation to that word Heawme And the word Timmer to our Timbre for that in the Almain Tongue is the same that we in Latin call Apex or Summitas acuminata and betokeneth the Crest that is usually born upon the Helmet For so doth Kiltanus Dufflene expound it calling it Timber of Timber van Den Helme which is as much to