it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o wife_n and_o a_o concubine_n all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v decide_v but_o by_o the_o municipal_a or_o positive_a law_n of_o those_o kingdom_n or_o principality_n it_o may_v further_o be_v inquire_v whether_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o fool_n or_o madman_n shall_v inherit_v this_o paternal_a power_n before_o the_o young_a a_o wise_a man_n and_o what_o degree_n of_o âolly_n or_o madness_n it_o must_v be_v that_o shall_v exclude_v he_o and_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o it_o also_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o fool_n so_o exclude_v for_o his_o folly_n shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o son_n of_o his_o wise_a brother_n who_o last_o reign_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o regal_a power_n whilst_o a_o widow_n queen_n be_v with_o child_n by_o the_o decease_a king_n until_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n these_o and_o many_o more_o such_o difficulty_n may_v be_v propose_v about_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o kingdom_n and_o that_o not_o as_o idle_a speculation_n but_o such_o as_o in_o history_n we_o shall_v frequent_o find_v example_n of_o not_o only_o in_o our_o own_o but_o likewise_o other_o kingdom_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n have_v prescribe_v any_o set_a rule_n of_o succession_n they_o will_v have_v go_v far_a than_o one_o or_o two_o case_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n of_o elder_a son_n or_o brother_n where_o a_o elder_a son_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o will_v also_o have_v give_v certain_a infallible_a rule_n in_o all_o other_o case_n of_o succession_n beside_o these_o and_o not_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o will_n or_o particular_a law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n to_o have_v establish_v the_o succession_n so_o many_o several_a way_n as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v have_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o world_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v the_o succession_n to_o adam_n which_o seem_v design_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o if_o adam_n or_o any_o of_o his_o son_n be_v king_n or_o prince_n it_o must_v have_v be_v by_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o their_o child_n or_o descendant_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o those_o ancient_a prince_n derive_v their_o title_n from_o the_o judgement_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o be_v evident_a as_o well_o out_o of_o sacred_a as_o civil_a history_n f._n since_o you_o appeal_v to_o history_n to_o history_n you_o shall_v go_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v not_o invent_v these_o doubt_n about_o succession_n of_o my_o own_o head_n and_o that_o there_o may_v have_v very_o well_o be_v a_o real_a dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n to_o adam_n in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v put_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o many_o dispute_n and_o quarrel_n that_o have_v be_v in_o several_a nation_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n between_o the_o uncle_n and_o the_o nephew_n of_o which_o grotius_n be_v so_o sensible_a 31._o that_o he_o confess_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n last_o cite_v that_o where_o it_o can_v not_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o people_n judgement_n it_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v so_o by_o civil_a war_n as_o well_o as_o private_a combat_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v force_v ingenuous_o to_o confess_v that_o this_o have_v be_v practise_v divers_a way_n according_a to_o the_o different_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o he_o give_v we_o here_o a_o distinction_n between_o a_o direct_a lineal_a succession_n and_o a_o transversed_a and_o acknowledge_v that_o among_o the_o german_n as_o also_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n nephew_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o their_o uncle_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o uncle_n if_o he_o be_v old_a always_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n before_o the_o nephew_n which_o i_o can_v more_o particular_o show_v you_o if_o you_o think_v fit_a to_o question_v it_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o succession_n be_v also_o among_o the_o irish-scotch_a for_o above_o 200_o year_n after_o âârgus_fw-la their_z first_o king_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o irish_a as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v any_o king_n among_o they_o and_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o tanistry_n the_o same_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o âastile_fw-fr where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o alphonso_n the_o five_o the_o state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n admit_v his_o young_a son_n sancho_n to_o be_v king_n put_v by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n the_o grandson_n to_o the_o late_a king_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n though_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o grand-father_n will._n so_o likewise_o in_o sicily_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o leave_v a_o grand_a son_n behind_o he_o by_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o also_o a_o young_a son_n name_v robert_n between_o who_o a_o difference_n arise_v concern_v the_o succession_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o pope_n clement_n v._o he_o give_v judgement_n for_o robert_n the_o young_a son_n of_o charles_n who_o be_v thereupon_o crown_v king_n of_o sicily_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o earl_n john_n brother_n to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o be_v declare_v king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o estate_n before_o arthur_n earl_n of_o britain_n son_n of_o jeoffrey_n the_o elder_a brother_n and_o glanvil_n who_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o in_o that_o little_a treatise_n we_o have_v of_o he_o make_v it_o a_o great_a question_n who_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o a_o inheritance_n the_o uncle_n or_o nephew_n but_o as_o for_o daughter_n whether_o they_o shall_v inherit_v at_o all_o or_o not_o or_o at_o least_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o uncle_n be_v much_o more_o doubtful_a since_o not_o only_o france_n but_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n at_o this_o day_n from_o turkey_n to_o japan_n do_v exclude_v woman_n from_o the_o throne_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o against_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o ancient_a northern_a nation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o queen_n to_o have_v reign_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n or_o irish-scot_n and_o never_o but_o two_o among_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o those_o by_o murder_n or_o usurpation_n and_o not_o by_o election_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n put_v by_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o prefer_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n to_o the_o crown_n before_o she_o for_o though_o he_o derive_v his_o affinity_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o a_o woman_n yet_o as_o be_v a_o man_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o she_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n mariana_n in_o his_o history_n tell_v we_o that_o ancient_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o inherit_v before_o the_o daughter_n example_n may_v also_o be_v give_v of_o divers_a of_o the_o other_o instance_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a for_o by_o these_o example_n you_o will_v seem_v to_o infer_v that_o these_o law_n about_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o crown_n in_o several_a kingdom_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o i_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o if_o such_o law_n and_o alteration_n have_v be_v in_o such_o succession_n they_o be_v make_v by_o
notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v allege_v against_o it_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o say_v before_o that_o duke_n robert_n have_v a_o hereditary_a right_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o be_v put_v by_o which_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v this_o right_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o the_o law_n of_o normandy_n not_o by_o the_o two_o former_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v for_o your_o conqueror_n himself_o be_v a_o bastard_n have_v no_o better_a title_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n than_o his_o father_n last_o will_n before_o he_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o be_v not_o good_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o great_a objection_n you_o have_v to_o make_v against_o king_n henry_n be_v elect_v in_o a_o true_a common-council_n of_o all_o england_n be_v this_o that_o the_o time_n be_v so_o short_a between_o the_o death_n of_o william_n rufus_n and_o his_o election_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o all_o the_o party_n that_o have_v vote_n to_o be_v there_o present_a which_o be_v a_o very_a bold_a assertion_n for_o how_o can_v you_o or_o your_o doctor_n tell_v that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o king_n william_n be_v kill_v he_o may_v not_o then_o have_v hold_v a_o great_a council_n at_o winchester_n where_o he_o then_o lie_v who_o may_v immediate_o upon_o his_o death_n choose_v his_o brother_n henry_n for_o their_o king_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o election_n be_v there_o the_o day_n before_o his_o coronation_n at_o london_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o rash_o do_v to_o affirm_v that_o this_o election_n be_v not_o in_o a_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o all_o the_o historian_n 156._o and_o particular_o w._n malmesbury_n tell_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o and_o the_o dispute_v there_o be_v about_o it_o viz._n that_o henry_n be_v elect_v king_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n william_n funeral_n be_v over_o aliquantis_fw-la tamen_fw-la ante_fw-la controversiis_fw-la inter_fw-la proceres_fw-la agitatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o h._n de_fw-fr knyghton_n recite_v the_o cause_n why_o duke_n robert_n be_v set_v aside_o viz._n because_o he_o have_v be_v always_o contrary_a and_o unnatural_a to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n 2374._o therefore_o quoth_v plenario_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la ipsum_fw-la refutaverunt_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la rege_fw-la omnino_fw-la recusauââânt_fw-la &_o henricum_fw-la fratrem_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la erexerunt_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a writer_n out_o of_o who_o knyghton_n take_v this_o passage_n that_o this_o election_n be_v make_v by_o the_o free_a consent_n and_o in_o a_o full_a council_n of_o all_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v the_o after_o claim_v of_o duke_n robert_n to_o the_o crown_n at_o all_o alter_v the_o case_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v as_o also_o because_o the_o agreement_n that_o be_v make_v between_o they_o that_o he_o that_o survive_v shall_v succeed_v the_o other_o be_v never_o confirm_v or_o agree_v to_o by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o those_o norman_a lord_n that_o join_v with_o duke_n robert_n here_o in_o england_n be_v just_o tax_v by_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n 1104._o with_o infidelity_n and_o rebellion_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o mat._n paris_n or_o rather_o roger_n of_o wendover_n who_o he_o transcribe_v seem_v to_o condemn_v king_n henry_n take_v the_o crown_n as_o unjust_a and_o contrary_a to_o right_o and_o that_o he_o therefore_o fear_v the_o justice_n of_o god_n eo_fw-la quod_fw-la fratri_fw-la svo_fw-la primogenito_fw-la cui_fw-la jus_o regni_fw-la manifestè_fw-la competebat_fw-la temere_fw-la usurpando_fw-la injustè_fw-fr nimis_fw-la abstulcrat_fw-mi yet_o this_o author_n write_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o who_o have_v succeed_v his_o father_n by_o a_o pretend_a right_n of_o inheritance_n as_o well_o as_o election_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o who_o write_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o this_o transaction_n shall_v give_v his_o judgement_n in_o this_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o prejudice_n of_o that_o age_n and_o must_v certain_o speak_v by_o guess_n for_o how_o can_v he_o otherwise_o affirm_v unless_o he_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o king_n thought_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o he_o feel_v conscientiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o obtentu_fw-la regni_fw-la cauteriatam_fw-la since_o no_o other_o writer_n either_o of_o that_o time_n or_o after_o it_o do_v thus_o blame_v king_n henry_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n but_o as_o for_o the_o account_n you_o give_v why_o duke_n robert_n never_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n if_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o then_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o vacant_a because_o of_o the_o agreement_n which_o he_o make_v with_o his_o brother_n by_o which_o he_o part_v with_o his_o right_n for_o a_o pension_n during_o his_o life_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n neither_o of_o these_o agreement_n be_v make_v till_o above_o a_o year_n after_o his_o pretend_a title_n do_v accrue_v to_o he_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v if_o he_o have_v look_v upon_o himself_o as_o true_a king_n to_o have_v immediate_o take_v the_o title_n upon_o he_o which_o he_o never_o do_v so_o likewise_o the_o agreement_n itself_o make_v whole_o against_o your_o notion_n of_o any_o hereditary_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o be_v then_o settle_v since_o the_o main_a clause_n in_o both_o these_o agreement_n be_v that_o the_o survivor_n shall_v be_v heir_n to_o he_o that_o die_v first_o unless_o he_o leave_v child_n of_o his_o own_o to_o succeed_v he_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o both_o those_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o great_a man_n that_o swear_v on_o either_o side_n to_o see_v it_o observe_v they_o know_v of_o no_o such_o settle_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o their_o heir_n which_o they_o themselves_o can_v not_o part_v with_o or_o else_o this_o clause_n have_v be_v whole_o in_o vain_a since_o both_o king_n william_n and_o king_n henry_n child_n be_v to_o have_v succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n of_o both_o these_o agreement_n before_o the_o son_n of_o duke_n robert_n have_v his_o son_n william_n who_o be_v only_o earl_n of_o flanders_n survive_v he_o but_o now_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v proceed_v with_o your_o other_o exception_n against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o instance_n i_o have_v here_o give_v you_o of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o to_o place_v therein_o m._n as_o to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o carry_v less_o show_n of_o reason_n than_o what_o you_o urge_v in_o the_o former_a case_n since_o all_o writer_n agree_v that_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a usurpation_n in_o stephen_n who_o can_v pretend_v no_o sort_n of_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o as_o well_o as_o perjury_n in_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n who_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n henry_n daughter_n maud_n in_o his_o life-time_n make_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n their_o king_n therefore_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n do_v accuse_v stephen_n of_o downright_a perjury_n and_o usurpation_n and_o likewise_o relate_v that_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n through_o the_o power_n of_o the_o londoner_n and_o citizen_n of_o winchester_n but_o yet_o all_o these_o endeavour_n have_v be_v in_o vain_a unless_o he_o have_v be_v assist_v by_o his_o brother_n henry_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o then_o the_o pope_n legate_n in_o england_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o crown_v he_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a faction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n who_o be_v for_o his_o croonation_n for_o w._n malmsbury_n tell_v we_o coronatus_n est_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la stephanus_n 178._o tribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la nullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o that_o be_v head_v by_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o empress_n base_a brother_n they_o raise_v a_o war_n against_o stephen_n which_o after_o her_o come_n over_o hither_o be_v
rebellion_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o 2_o d_o and_o to_o depose_v he_o i_o can_v see_v why_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o same_o crime_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o to_o who_o he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o have_v take_v he_o prisoner_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n whereby_o himself_o be_v declare_v protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n disinherit_v after_o a_o quiet_a possession_n in_o three_o descent_n during_o the_o space_n of_o above_o sixty_o year_n which_o if_o it_o will_v not_o give_v a_o thorough_a settlement_n after_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o confirm_v it_o i_o know_v not_o what_o can_v m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n of_o this_o transaction_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v yet_o and_o i_o shall_v very_o much_o incline_v to_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n be_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o our_o king_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o god_n law_n as_o well_o as_o man_n as_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o more_o than_o one_o parliament_n have_v be_v of_o my_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o several_a statute_n and_o declaration_n of_o parliament_n which_o though_o not_o print_v be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n upon_o the_o parliament_n roll_n for_o after_o that_o henry_n the_o 6_o the_o or_o rather_o his_o queen_n for_o he_o have_v break_v the_o aforesaid_a solemn_a agreement_n make_v between_o this_o king_n and_o duke_n in_o parliament_n whereby_o it_o be_v accord_v that_o if_o king_n henry_n make_v war_n again_o upon_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n he_o shall_v then_o forfeit_v his_o present_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n during_o his_o life_n chron._n whereupon_o queen_n margaret_n and_o her_o son_n prince_n edward_n who_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o this_o agreement_n renew_v the_o war_n and_o fight_v another_o battle_n at_o wakefield_n the_o say_a duke_n be_v slay_v but_o though_o he_o do_v not_o live_v to_o enjoy_v his_o right_n yet_o his_o son_n edward_n earl_n of_o march_n again_o recover_v it_o and_o have_v in_o the_o second_o battle_n of_o st._n alban_n take_v k._n henry_n prisoner_n triumphant_o march_v to_o london_n he_o there_o declare_v himself_o king_n 388._o and_o have_v immediate_o call_v a_o parliament_n it_o be_v therein_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o k._n richard_n the_o ad_fw-la be_v repeal_v and_o the_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v declare_v against_o his_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o that_o with_o violence_n he_o have_v usurp_v upon_o the_o royal_a power_n and_o dignity_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o he_o have_v by_o cruel_a tyranny_n murder_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a king_n richard_n his_o liege_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n against_o god_n law_n and_o his_o own_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o then_o they_o proceed_v further_a to_o declare_v in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v of_o this_o present_a parliament_n ibid._n have_v sufficient_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o the_o say_v unrightwise_o usurpation_n and_o intrusion_n by_o the_o say_v henry_n late_a earl_n of_o derby_n upon_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o england_n know_v also_o certain_o without_o doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n viz._n king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o thereunto_o true_a and_o that_o by_o god_n law_n man_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o and_o none_o other_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v their_o true_a rightwise_o and_o natural_a liege_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o right_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v noble_a and_o famous_a prince_n his_o father_n very_o just_a king_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n and_o will_v for_o ever_o take_v accept_v and_o repute_n the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o forth_o their_o sovereign_n and_o liege_n lord_n and_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n and_o none_o other_o according_a to_o the_o say_v right_o and_o title_n and_o that_o the_o same_o henry_n unrightwise_o 389._o against_o law_n conscience_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n of_o england_n usurp_v upon_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o that_o he_o and_o also_o henry_n late_o call_v k._n henry_n the_o 5_o the_o his_o son_n and_o henry_n late_o call_v henry_n the_o 6_o the_o his_o son_n occupy_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o lordship_n of_o ireland_n and_o exercise_v the_o governance_n thereof_o by_o unrightwise_n intrusion_n usurpation_n and_o no_o otherwise_o that_o the_o âmotion_n of_o henry_n late_o call_v king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o from_o the_o exercise_n occupation_n usurpation_n intrusion_n reign_n and_o governance_n of_o the_o say_v realm_n and_o lordship_n do_v by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o be_v and_o be_v rightwise_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n and_o so_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v hold_v repute_v and_o occupy_v i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a on_o this_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o full_a and_o free_a declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n nor_o only_o against_o all_o past_a as_o well_o as_o future_a parliament_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o be_v also_o as_o express_v a_o declaration_n as_o word_n can_v make_v against_o any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o predecessor_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o have_v be_v a_o little_a too_o tedious_a in_o recite_v these_o record_n f._n i_o can_v blame_v you_o for_o be_v very_o exact_a in_o this_o point_n because_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o cause_n depend_v upon_o it_o but_o yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o much_o awe_v by_o king_n edward_n power_n be_v now_o conqueror_n as_o ever_o those_o parliament_n be_v that_o depose_v edward_n and_o richard_n the_o 2_o d_o for_o you_o yourself_o have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o till_o after_o a_o great_a victory_n obtain_v against_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o and_o i_o never_o find_v in_o all_o my_o read_n that_o a_o victorious_a prince_n ever_o want_v power_n enough_o to_o get_v a_o parliament_n call_v to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n and_o declare_v his_o competitor_n a_o usurper_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o full_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o thus_o positive_o declare_v edward_n the_o 4_o the_o to_o be_v their_o sovereign_a lord_n by_o god_n law_n man_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o think_v can_v no_o way_n consist_v either_o with_o scripture_n reason_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o first_o place_n i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o divine_a right_o of_o succession_n for_o the_o heir_n of_o crown_n any_o more_o than_o of_o other_o inheritance_n either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o that_o of_o nature_n and_o as_o for_o man_n law_n i_o think_v i_o have_v here_o also_o prove_v that_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n alone_o be_v never_o establish_v by_o any_o positive_a law_n nor_o yet_o settle_v by_o any_o constant_a or_o interrupt_a custom_n when_o this_o declaration_n be_v make_v for_o the_o crown_n have_v then_o never_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n for_o above_o two_o descent_n without_o a_o deposition_n or_o possess_v by_o those_o who_o claim_v by_o right_o of_o blood_n without_o any_o other_o title_n for_o as_o for_o the_o three_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o yourself_o must_v also_o own_v it_o that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o from_o the_o act_n of_o entail_v of_o the_o 7_o the_o and_o 8_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o above_o mention_v so_o that_o according_a to_o man_n law_n that_o be_v custom_n and_o also_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n have_v all_o that_o time_n the_o better_a title_n but_o to_o show_v you_o what_o uncertain_a thing_n parliament_n be_v when_o king_n edward_n the_o 4_o the_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n he_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n turn_v sudden_o against_o he_o and_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o replaced_a king_n henry_n the_o 6_o the_o upon_o the_o throne_n who_o have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n keep_v
against_o himself_o therefore_o if_o richard_n the_o iiid_n have_v be_v a_o king_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o law_n we_o may_v be_v sure_o he_o will_v not_o have_v have_v such_o a_o infamous_a censure_n pass_v upon_o he_o after_o his_o death_n bradshaw_n and_o his_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n be_v the_o first_o that_o be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o pronounce_v a_o king_n of_o england_n guilty_a of_o treason_n four_o if_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la have_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o the_o principal_a assistant_n of_o richard_n the_o iiid_n can_v not_o have_v be_v attaint_v for_o richard_n be_v actual_o in_o the_o throne_n he_o be_v according_a to_o your_o modern_a way_n of_o argue_v 4._o rightful_a king_n and_o consequent_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o own_v he_o as_o such_o and_o defend_v he_o against_o all_o opposer_n and_o if_o so_o certain_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v condemn_v as_o traitor_n for_o do_v their_o duty_n as_o we_o find_v many_o of_o those_o be_v who_o fight_v for_o king_n richard_n five_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o parliament_n henry_n the_o viith_o grant_v a_o general_n pardon_v to_o the_o common_a people_n who_o have_v appear_v against_o he_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o richard_n the_o iiid_n now_o pardon_v suppose_n a_o fault_n and_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o law_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v charge_v with_o if_o the_o plea_n of_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la have_v be_v warrant_v by_o the_o constitution_n f._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o do_v not_o argue_v so_o much_o like_o a_o lawyer_n in_o this_o argument_n as_o you_o do_v in_o your_o former_a and_o you_o have_v in_o that_o forget_v to_o what_o end_n those_o statute_n you_o mention_n be_v make_v and_o what_o be_v the_o purport_n of_o they_o or_o else_o some_o body_n have_v misinform_v you_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o those_o hard_a expression_n you_o mention_v be_v give_v of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o lancastrian_n line_n in_o those_o statute_n of_o the_o 1_o st_z of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o yet_o do_v none_o of_o these_o expression_n prove_v that_o they_o be_v not_o true_a and_o legal_a king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n all_o the_o while_o they_o reign_v since_o divers_a person_n be_v attaint_v for_o high_a treason_n against_o they_o who_o attainder_n be_v never_o reverse_v but_o stand_v good_a to_o this_o day_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o attainder_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n salisbury_z and_o of_o huntingdon_n who_o be_v all_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o second_o of_o henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o also_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n and_o his_o son_n the_o lord_n piercy_n attaint_v in_o the_o 5_o of_o this_o king_n all_o which_o attainder_n be_v never_o reverse_v so_o likewise_o richard_n earl_n of_o cambridge_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o treason_n by_o his_o peer_n and_o his_o attainder_n confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o second_o of_o henry_n the_o vth_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a this_o attainder_n be_v afterward_o reverse_v in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o because_o the_o say_v richard_n be_v not_o only_o his_o grandfather_n but_o be_v also_o condemn_v for_o endeavour_v to_o make_v edmund_z earl_n of_o march_z his_o brother-in-law_n king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o sister_n king_n edward_n the_o ivth_o claim_v the_o crown_n yet_o the_o very_a reverse_v this_o attainder_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n declare_v it_o to_o have_v be_v good_a until_o that_o repeal_n since_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v void_a all_o which_o be_v plain_a and_o evident_a proof_n that_o treason_n may_v be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o consequent_o that_o allegiance_n be_v also_o due_a to_o he_o and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la i_o have_v likewise_o also_o prove_v that_o all_o those_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v by_o those_o king_n and_o be_v not_o repeal_v stand_v good_a at_o this_o day_n without_o any_o confirmation_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o ivth_o and_o this_o you_o have_v no_o way_n to_o answer_v but_o by_o instance_v in_o patent_n of_o honour_n or_o charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v by_o those_o king_n and_o confirm_v by_o edward_n the_o iv_o the_o from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o some_o other_o act_n of_o like_a nature_n be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n which_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o in_o no_o good_a argument_n against_o they_o for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o read_v that_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o you_o mention_v and_o you_o will_v there_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o grant_n patent_n and_o other_o thing_n there_o confirm_v or_o either_o judicial_a proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n or_o else_o such_o charter_n or_o patent_n which_o be_v think_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la cautela_fw-la think_v necessary_a to_o be_v confirm_v by_o those_o particular_a person_n religious_a house_n and_o corporation_n who_o think_v themselves_o concern_v nor_o be_v all_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n who_o be_v not_o so_o confirm_v thereby_o void_a since_o they_o hold_v good_a at_o this_o day_n and_o if_o you_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o our_o law_n you_o can_v but_o know_v that_o no_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n can_v be_v make_v void_a by_o implication_n and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o letter_n patent_n make_v by_o henry_n the_o vith_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o appear_v good_a from_o bagot_n case_n in_o the_o year-book_n of_o the_o nine_o of_o that_o king_n where_o a_o patent_n of_o naturalisation_n grant_v by_o henry_n the_o vith_o 1.2_o though_o it_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o that_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o be_v by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o judge_n hold_v to_o be_v good_a and_o the_o reason_n there_o give_v for_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a since_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o the_o council_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o king_n henry_n be_v then_o king_n in_o possession_n and_o it_o behoove_v that_o the_o realm_n shall_v have_v a_o king_n and_o that_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v and_o therefore_o though_o he_o be_v in_o only_o by_o usurpation_n nevertheless_o every_o judicial_a act_n do_v by_o he_o concern_v royal_a jurisdiction_n shall_v hold_v good_a and_o bind_v the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la when_o he_o return_v etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o a_o charter_n of_o pardon_n of_o felony_n and_o licenses_fw-la of_o mortmain_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o also_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v shall_v have_v the_o advantage_n of_o every_o forfeiture_n make_v to_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n etc._n etc._n and_o mark_v this_o far_o it_o be_v there_o also_o hold_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v arraign_v for_o treason_n do_v against_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n in_o compass_v his_o death_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v very_o remarkable_a because_o the_o say_a king_n indeed_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o usurper_n for_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v upon_o he_o by_o parliament_n and_o this_o be_v not_o at_o all_o contradict_v by_o the_o court_n be_v still_o take_v for_o law_n and_o upon_o this_o report_n and_o not_o only_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o do_v my_o lord_n coke_n find_v his_o opinion_n i_o now_o mention_v that_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n iii_o and_o though_o now_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o far_o argue_v of_o this_o case_n of_o bagot_n adjourn_v to_o a_o far_a day_n when_o the_o justice_n do_v not_o argue_v but_o the_o sergeant_n and_o apprentice_n at_o law_n that_o be_v the_o barister_n as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v allow_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n that_o if_o king_n edward_n who_o be_v then_o king_n have_v make_v his_o charter_n before_o he_o be_v declare_v so_o it_o shall_v be_v void_a at_o that_o time_n for_o every_o one_o who_o shall_v make_v a_o charter_n of_o pardon_n aught_o to_o be_v king_n in_o deed_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v thereof_o m._n pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v against_o my_o first_o two_o argument_n before_o you_o go_v on_o to_o answer_v the_o rest_n for_o i_o confess_v the_o authority_n you_o bring_v seem_v so_o express_v against_o i_o that_o if_o i_o can_v take_v they_o off_o there_o will_v be_v no_o further_o need_v for_o your_o answer_v the_o rest_n i_o will_v not_o therefore_o deny_v but_o that_o all_o public_a act_n and_o proceed_n at_o law_n which_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o
particular_o to_o the_o 55_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v it_o begin_v thus_o volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeaât_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o pâssessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la bene_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusta_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la ois_fw-la exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_n suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n be_v illegal_a and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v quote_v as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n but_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n have_v divers_a right_n and_o liberty_n before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n and_o of_o his_o grant_v that_o charter_n appear_v by_o its_o conclusion_n in_o these_o word_n 30._o salvis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la templariis_fw-la hospitalarâis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la personis_fw-la quam_fw-la secâlaribus_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quas_fw-la prius_fw-la habâerunt_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v by_o this_o charter_n though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grant_v from_o the_o king_n be_v mere_a good_a will_n yet_o that_o be_v recite_v only_o to_o make_v it_o more_o strong_a against_o himself_o since_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n claim_v those_o liberty_n as_o their_o ancient_a undoubted_a right_n and_o the_o same_o author_n as_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v express_o tell_v we_o 254._o that_o this_o charter_n contain_v maxima_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la leges_fw-la antiquas_fw-la and_o a_o little_a low_o he_o relate_v where_o those_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v find_v capitula_fw-la quoque_fw-la legum_fw-la &_o libertatum_fw-la quae_fw-la ibi_fw-la magnates_fw-la confirmari_fw-la quaerebant_fw-la partim_fw-la in_o charta_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la superius_fw-la scripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la partimque_fw-la ex_fw-la legibus_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la aââiquis_fw-la excerpta_fw-la so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n be_v mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o if_o you_o please_v now_o to_o descend_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o so_o downward_o from_o which_o time_n our_o elder_a print_a statute_n bear_v date_n let_v we_o see_v if_o i_o can_v answer_v all_o those_o argument_n which_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v thence_o bring_v for_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislative_a power_n m._n though_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v of_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o conqueror_n not_o be_v proper_o and_o real_o so_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o another_o time_n when_o i_o shall_v more_o particular_o consider_v that_o argument_n of_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n in_o king_n william_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n therefore_o i_o do_v at_o present_v ready_o assent_v to_o your_o proposal_n and_o it_o be_v the_o very_a thing_n i_o be_v come_v to_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o begin_v thus_o know_v you_o that_o we_o of_o our_o mere_a and_o free_a will_v have_v give_v these_o liberty_n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr scaccario_fw-la anno_fw-la 51_o hen._n 3._o begin_v thus_o the_o king_n command_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o bailiff_n etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr districtione_n scaccarii_fw-la make_v the_o same_o year_n run_v thus_o it_o be_v provide_v and_o ordain_v the_o king_n will_v the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n 52_o hen._n 3._o and_o he_o i._n e._n the_o king_n have_v appoint_v all_o these_o act_n ordinance_n and_o statute_n to_o be_v observe_v of_o all_o his_o subject_n if_o we_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o son_n edward_n i._n and_o begin_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i._o it_o be_v there_o say_v in_o the_o preamble_n these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o king_n edward_n i._o make_v at_o his_o first_o parliament_n by_o his_o council_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v these_o acts._n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o in_o divers_a statute_n of_o this_o king_n at_o in_o this_o of_o westminster_n it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o counsel_n or_o assent_v of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n etc._n etc._n have_v make_v provide_v ordain_v or_o establish_v such_o and_o such_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o enact_v or_o decree_v part_n be_v whole_o ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n in_o all_o those_o statute_n wherein_o such_o word_n be_v find_v as_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v more_o plain_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o act_n on_o burnel_n make_v in_o 13_o edw._n i._o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o king_n by_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o council_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3.18_o edw._n i._o chap._n i._o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o his_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v grant_v provide_v and_o ordain_v in_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr iis_fw-la qui_fw-la ponendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o assizes_n 21_o edw._n i._o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o his_o parliament_n hold_v etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v that_o etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la 18._o edw._n i._n run_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n at_o his_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n of_o his_o special_a grace_n and_o for_o the_o affection_n he_o bear_v unto_o his_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n have_v grant_v that_o etc._n etc._n ay_o edw._n ii_o begin_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v grant_v the_o statute_n of_o gavelet_n 10_o edw._n ii_o begin_v thus_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n the_o statute_n of_o carlisle_n 15_o edw._n ii_o begin_v thus_o the_o king_n unto_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o bânch_n send_v greeting_n whereas_o of_o âate_z we_o have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n but_o if_o we_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o son_n edw._n 3d._n the_o preface_n to_o most_o of_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o reign_n run_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n etc._n etc._n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o people_n have_v grant_v and_o establish_v or_o else_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commonality_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n the_o like_a style_n continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o henry_n four_o and_o henry_n 5_o with_o very_o little_a alteration_n only_o it_o be_v common_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o prelate_n dâkes_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o at_o the_o instance_n and_o special_a request_n of_o the_o commons_o the_o king_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n whereby_o we_o see_v a_o plain_a difference_n in_o the_o phrase_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o those_o time_n for_o it_o be_v the_o lord_n that_o give_v their_o assent_n whereas_o the_o commons_o only_o petition_v but_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alone_o who_o ordain_v and_o establish_v i_o confess_v indeed_o that_o under_o some_o prince_n of_o bad_a title_n as_o in_o particular_a under_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n 6_o there_o begin_v some_o alteration_n in_o the_o form_n of_o pen_v the_o enact_v part_n of_o most_o statute_n that_o be_v then_o make_v and_o that_o unto_o those_o usual_a word_n which_o be_v insert_v ordinary_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o king_n 721._o viz._n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o tempâral_a and_o at_o the_o special_a instance_n and_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o there_o be_v add_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n but_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o these_o word_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a clause_n yet_o the_o power_n of_o grant_v and_o ordain_v be_v still_o acknowledge_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o that_o king_n viz._n the_o 3d._n henry_n 6_o ch._n 2._o 8_o hen._n 6._o chap._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n and_o at_o the_o request_n aforesaid_a have_v ordain_v and_o grant_v or_o ordain_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o parliament_n and_o thus_o it_o general_o
you_o may_v remember_v by_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la cânsilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la just_a fury_n definitum_fw-la but_o further_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o much_o you_o be_v out_o in_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v from_o the_o form_n of_o our_o indictment_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n as_o well_o common_a as_o statute_n do_v declare_v the_o contrary_a since_o divers_a aâts_n of_o parliament_n have_v express_o affirm_v that_o such_o and_o such_o offence_n be_v treason_n not_o only_o against_o the_o king_n but_o against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a realm_n too_o pray_v take_v these_o instance_n see_v the_o statute_n 1_o edw._n 3._o c._n 1._o wherein_o hugh_n de_fw-fr spencer_n both_o the_o father_n and_o son_n be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n declare_v traitor_n and_o enemy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o realm_n see_v likewise_o 28_o hen._n 8._o c._n 7._o wherein_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n on_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n beget_v on_o queen_n jane_n or_o by_o any_o other_o after_o marriage_n and_o that_o the_o offender_n that_o shall_v interrupt_v such_o heir_n in_o their_o peaceable_a succession_n they_o with_o their_o abettor_n maintainer_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v declare_v and_o adjudge_v high_a traitor_n to_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o divers_a ancient_a indictment_n in_o stanfords_n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la and_o that_o the_o parliament_n have_v reserve_v to_o itself_o a_o power_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n 3d._a to_o determine_v what_o crime_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v treason_n beside_o conspire_v to_o kill_v the_o king_n and_o those_o other_o offence_n specify_v in_o the_o same_o statute_n you_o may_v consult_v the_o statute_n at_o large_a but_o that_o these_o offence_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o endeavour_n to_o alter_v the_o government_n or_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o think_v be_v evident_a since_o all_o offence_n relate_v to_o the_o life_n or_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o their_o elder_a son_n be_v there_o particular_o specify_v and_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o late_a unfortunate_a earl_n of_o strafford_n be_v first_o impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o and_o afterward_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o year_n 1641._o but_o whether_o just_o or_o not_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n now_o to_o determine_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o be_v then_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o if_o the_o earl_n be_v real_o guilty_a of_o destroy_v the_o government_n and_o introduce_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n he_o may_v have_v be_v deserve_o condemn_a but_o that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v and_o dispense_v with_o law_n be_v particular_o apply_v not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o pray_v remember_v the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v of_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o c._n 21._o wherein_o it_o be_v so_o express_o declare_v as_o also_o by_o the_o 24_o of_o this_o king_n chap._n 12._o the_o preface_n of_o which_o statute_n run_v thus_o and_o whereas_o the_o king_n most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o say_a realm_n at_o divers_a anâ_n sundry_a parliament_n as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n one_a edward_n 3d._n richard_n 2d_o henry_n four_o etc._n etc._n make_v sundry_a ordinance_n law_n statute_n and_o provision_n for_o the_o entire_a and_o sure_a conservation_n of_o the_o prerogative_n liberty_n and_o preeminence_n of_o the_o say_v imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n where_o pray_v note_n that_o the_o make_n of_o all_o these_o statute_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v also_o far_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n when_o in_o a_o set_a speech_n to_o the_o parliament_n report_a by_o crompton_n in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n he_o say_v these_o word_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o our_o judge_n that_o we_o at_o no_o time_n stand_v so_o high_o in_o our_o estate_n royal_a as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o we_o as_o head_n and_o you_o as_o member_n be_v conjoin_v and_o knit_v together_o into_o one_o body_n politic_a and_o sure_o then_o if_o the_o king_n simile_n be_v true_a whatsoever_o function_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o member_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o head_n i_o shall_v sum_v up_o all_o i_o have_v say_v into_o this_o syllogism_n that_o power_n which_o can_v make_v or_o enact_v any_o new_a law_n without_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o two_o other_o body_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n but_o the_o king_n be_v that_o power_n which_o can_v etc._n etc._n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o question_n with_o you_o since_o i_o own_o the_o two_o house_n have_v claim_v for_o some_o age_n past_a a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a though_o in_o a_o large_a and_o improper_a sense_n as_o you_o yourself_o do_v partly_o grant_v and_o though_o for_o the_o more_o just_a and_o equal_a course_n our_o king_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n admit_v the_o 3_o estate_n viz._n the_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o into_o a_o seem_a share_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o by_o constraint_n nor_o by_o any_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o from_o their_o own_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n to_o make_v law_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n because_o that_o no_o one_o part_n thereof_o shall_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o complain_v of_o partiality_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v these_o law_n when_o make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o coronation-oath_n so_o as_o that_o he_o can_v alter_v they_o without_o their_o consent_n yet_o be_v he_o still_o above_o the_o law_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o absolute_a monarchical_a power_n and_o be_v not_o subordinate_a to_o it_o or_o so_o bind_v by_o it_o as_o to_o be_v responsible_a to_o the_o people_n for_o any_o breach_n commit_v by_o he_o upon_o it_o for_o that_o be_v derogatory_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o monarchy_n and_o be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o law_n which_o be_v but_o a_o creature_n of_o the_o prince_n make_v above_o his_o sovereign_a authority_n and_o this_o will_v make_v our_o monarchy_n a_o kind_a of_o government_n which_o will_v neither_o be_v monarchical_a nor_o yet_o a_o republic_n but_o some_o mongrel_n thing_n make_v up_o of_o both_o so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o mix_a monarchy_n to_o be_v a_o contradiction_n in_o adjecto_fw-la a_o limit_a monarchy_n i_o confess_v there_o may_v be_v either_o by_o the_o monarch_n own_o voluntary_a grant_n or_o consent_n as_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o else_o on_o condition_n impose_v upon_o a_o prince_n by_o other_o either_o by_o a_o foreign_a power_n as_o in_o tributary_n and_o feudatary_a kingdom_n or_o else_o by_o the_o native_n of_o the_o same_o country_n as_o in_o some_o elective_a kingdom_n and_o principality_n but_o then_o such_o limitation_n of_o monarchical_a power_n represent_v a_o prince_n as_o it_o be_v fetter_v and_o who_o can_v act_n as_o he_o will_v and_o aught_o for_o the_o advantage_n and_o welfare_n of_o his_o people_n if_o he_o have_v his_o liberty_n and_o the_o full_a exercise_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n and_o therefore_o in_o most_o government_n limit_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o sovereignty_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n that_o elect_v he_o which_o make_v i_o think_v it_o solecism_n in_o politic_n to_o affirm_v that_o a_o monarch_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o still_o continue_v so_o can_v be_v thus_o limit_v by_o law_n or_o fundamental_a constitution_n as_o you_o call_v they_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n for_o if_o he_o be_v thus_o limit_v that_o power_n that_o can_v thus_o limit_v he_o must_v be_v either_o superior_a or_o inferior_a to_o he_o superior_a it_o can_v not_o be_v because_o both_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o people_n that_o can_v put_v those_o condition_n or_o limitation_n upon_o he_o can_v not_o be_v his_o superior_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o they_o make_v he_o king_n neither_o can_v they_o be_v
the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a âay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o can_v see_v how_o those_o we_o call_v the_o vulgar_a or_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v then_o any_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n since_o those_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v represent_v their_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v their_o representative_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a enough_o to_o prove_v that_o none_o of_o your_o inferior_a or_o middle_a thanes_z but_o only_o the_o chief_a or_o superior_a have_v place_n in_o those_o assembly_n so_o that_o these_o feudal_n thanes_z or_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a with_o they_o that_o be_v after_o the_o norman_a time_n honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n and_o their_o thainland_n alone_o be_v the_o honorary_a thainland_n and_o such_o as_o be_v afterward_o parliamentary_a barony_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n of_o city_n and_o burough_n send_v any_o representatives_n to_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o admit_v i_o shall_v own_o at_o present_a that_o the_o bishop_n and_o some_o great_a abbot_n have_v from_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n a_o indisputable_a place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o earl_n alderman_n or_o great_a nobility_n have_v also_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o chief_z thanes_z or_o less_o noble_n have_v also_o their_o place_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o certain_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n and_o owe_v its_o being_n either_o to_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n or_o else_o to_o those_o that_o have_v usurp_v their_o power_n and_o this_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o ãâã_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâse_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prânt_n on_o
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâiis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâe_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâmus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâicost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a man_n 12_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o other_o 12._o by_o the_o procoreâ_n or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v take_v in_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n but_o whether_o by_o these_o wordâ_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n or_o commons_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o record_n sufficient_o confirm_v my_o argument_n from_o the_o precedent_a record_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o then_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o last_o record_n promiserunâ_n etiam_fw-la nobis_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n memoraâi_n quod_fw-la expleris_fw-la negotiis_fw-la superius_fw-la tactic_a bonâ_n fide_fw-la laboraâunt_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la communâ_n praestââur_fw-la à _fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la ãâã_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la âauz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râaume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâent_a pââr_n perqâ_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauââl'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
continue_v on_o now_o the_o doctor_n upon_o second_o thought_n in_o âis_n edition_n in_o folio_n will_v have_v they_o never_o to_o be_v summon_v any_o more_o than_o that_o once_o because_o forsooth_o he_o can_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o such_o express_a word_n as_o that_o he_o can_v evade_v they_o by_o say_v the_o sense_n be_v equivocal_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o our_o statute_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o not_o to_o have_v be_v there_o be_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n lose_v as_o well_o after_o as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o 23â_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v face_v we_o down_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la you_o now_o mention_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o statute_n call_v articuli_fw-la super_fw-la charââs_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v only_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n and_o yet_o certain_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o at_o this_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o expense_n i_o but_o now_o mention_v and_o sure_a their_o assent_n be_v give_v to_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a in_o many_o other_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n communitâs_n or_o commonalty_n ever_o mention_v above_o twice_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n viz._n in_o that_o of_o westminster_n the_o first_o and_o that_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n neither_o be_v the_o word_n commons_o to_o be_v find_v above_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v at_o lincoln_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n the_o count_n baron_n and_o other_o grands_fw-fr of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o these_o general_a word_n do_v comprehend_v the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n you_o grant_v they_o be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o same_o word_n may_v not_o as_o well_o comprehend_v they_o long_o before_o and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o the_o distinct_a order_n or_o state_n of_o man_n that_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n and_o the_o different_a pen_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o it_o i_o doubt_v two_o part_n in_o three_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o edward_z the_o first_o will_v have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o lord_n since_o in_o most_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o either_o and_o that_o what_o i_o say_v be_v true_a pray_v at_o your_o leisure_n peruse_v these_o statute_n follow_v viz._n de_fw-fr districtionâ_n scacarti_fw-la of_o the_o 51_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o with_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n as_o also_o that_o of_o actoâ_n burnel_n make_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o that_o of_o winchester_n make_v in_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o this_o king_n that_o of_o merchant_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o also_o those_o of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o see_v if_o you_o can_v find_v any_o mention_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o in_o they_o but_o to_o come_v to_o direct_v proof_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o word_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o express_o mention_v in_o our_o old_a statute_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o other_o word_n of_o a_o much_o more_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o they_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n for_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a manuscript_n as_o well_o as_o print_v copy_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v first_o grant_v in_o the_o second_o year_n and_o again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o both_o which_o conclude_v thus_o pro_fw-la hac_fw-la autem_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o concessione_n archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la dedâiunâ_n quintâm_fw-la decimam_fw-la paâtem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la now_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o express_a than_o this_o clause_n viz._n that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o inferior_a order_n viz._n the_o knight_n and_o freeholder_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n give_v this_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n at_o both_o those_o parliament_n in_o which_o this_o charter_n be_v first_o make_v and_o afterward_o confirm_v m._n i_o confess_v this_o authority_n look_v very_o plausible_a at_o first_o but_o if_o it_o be_v strict_o look_v into_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o as_o to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o these_o word_n i_o do_v not_o allow_v it_o for_o reason_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o dispute_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o i_o do_v not_o take_v to_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o you_o make_v it_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n make_v in_o the_o 2d_o and_o again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o yet_o you_o have_v already_o have_v my_o thought_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v henry_n the_o three_o viz._n that_o this_o which_o we_o now_o have_v be_v not_o proper_o he_o but_o his_o son_n edw._n i._o since_o it_o conclude_v this_o his_o testibus_fw-la bonifacio-cantuariânâis_a archiâpiâcopo_n e._n londinensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la etc._n etc._n anno._n regninostri_a scil._n henrici_fw-la 3._o nono_fw-la whereas_o this_o bonifac_o here_o mention_v be_v not_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n before_o the_o 27._o hen._n iii_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o one_o who_o name_n begin_v with_o e._n bishop_n of_o london_n during_o the_o time_n that_o boniface_n hold_v the_o see_v of_o cantârbuây_n f._n i_o be_o very_o glad_a you_o have_v make_v these_o objection_n against_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v from_o your_o friend_n the_o dr._n be_v a_o mere_a evasion_n against_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v my_o convert_n in_o the_o first_o place_n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o therefore_o free_o grant_v that_o the_o original_a of_o this_o charter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o statute_n roll_v in_o the_o tâner_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n except_o this_o confirmation_n of_o it_o by_o a_o charter_n of_o impeximus_fw-la of_o edw._n i._o the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o be_v as_o you_o have_v now_o give_v and_o i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v a_o great_a pâoof_n of_o the_o careless_a keep_n or_o voluntary_a imâezlement_n of_o the_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n which_o certain_o must_v have_v be_v enrol_v at_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v as_o well_o as_o every_o common_a grant_v make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o ordinary_a person_n of_o market_n and_o pair_n since_o we_o find_v copy_n of_o it_o still_o extant_a in_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o divers_a monastery_n where_o they_o be_v former_o keep_v deinâ_n as_o in_o particular_a in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o barton_n publish_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o ancient_a english_a writer_n late_o print_v at_o oxford_n which_o full_o answer_v your_o objection_n for_o instead_o of_o boniface_n it_o be_v there_o witness_v by_o s._n archibis_n cant._n i_o e._n stephen_n langton_n who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n near_o 20_o year_n before_o boniface_n there_o be_v also_o a_o &c._n &c._n after_o the_o name_n of_o this_o archbishop_n and_o the_o same_o charter_n be_v likewise_o recite_v word_n for_o word_n with_o the_o former_a and_o have_v the_o same_o conclusion_n concern_v the_o grant_n of_o this_o 15_o by_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o walter_n hemingford_n publish_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n gââe_v in_o his_o 2d_o volume_n of_o english_a historian_n 1687._o only_o it_o have_v no_o witness_n name_n
translate_v 193._o the_o clergy_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v and_o in_o 1_o of_o richard_n i._n r._n hoveden_n also_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o pipewel_n abbey_n in_o northamptonshire_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n john_n now_o in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n library_n entitle_v charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la seod_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la recite_v the_o say_a king_n to_o have_v be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o savore_fw-la and_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v turbulent_a 587._o yet_o the_o author_n of_o the_o manuscript_n eulogium_fw-la quote_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n mention_n a_o great_a council_n at_o london_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o year_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la i._n e._n say_v dr._n heylin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o clergy_n of_o both_o rank_n and_o order_n with_o all_o the_o laity_n call_v here_o secta_fw-la laicalis_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v then_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o dr._n proceed_v thus_o and_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_a the_o clergy_n stand_v when_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n wherein_o the_o freedom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n of_o which_o this_o evident_o be_v one_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o i._n e._n the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o general_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o what_o dr._n heylins_n sense_n be_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o high_a churchman_n think_v it_o no_o heresy_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v all_o along_o in_o that_o chapter_n that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o at_o least_o but_o that_o their_o consent_n be_v also_o ancient_o ask_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o from_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v explode_v as_o a_o ancient_a author_n yet_o certain_o be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o his_o own_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la be_v reckon_v among_o the_o constituent_a member_n or_o state_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o two_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n viz._n the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o this_o clause_n of_o praemunâentes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v particular_o express_v 155._o which_o pray_v read_v from_o your_o drs._n answer_n to_o mr._n p._n praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la &_o capitulum_n ecclesiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la archidiaconos_n totumque_fw-la clerum_fw-la vestrae_fw-la diocaesis_n facientes_fw-la quod_fw-la iidem_fw-la prio_fw-la &_o archidiac_n in_o propriis_fw-la personis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la capitulum_n per_fw-la duos_fw-la procuratores_fw-la idoneos_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la capitulis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la habentes_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la intersint_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la coeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la qualiter_fw-la sit_fw-la hujusae_fw-la modi_fw-la periculis_fw-la obviandum_fw-la viz._n the_o danger_n in_o the_o writ_n mention_v to_o be_v threaten_v from_o france_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o first_o time_n this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la be_v insert_v in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v have_v we_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n before_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o edward_n i._o as_o well_o as_o since_o but_o we_o may_v hence_o observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v not_o only_o summon_v to_o treat_v with_o the_o prelate_n but_o be_v as_o well_o as_o they_o here_o authorise_v to_o treat_v ordain_v and_o act_n with_o they_o and_o the_o lord_n and_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o so_o your_o dr._n himself_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n translate_v aliis_fw-la incolis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o how_o they_o can_v thus_o consult_v and_o act_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v not_o beeâ_n then_o as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o confess_v surpass_v my_o capacity_n to_o understand_v nor_o be_v this_o clause_n find_v in_o this_o writ_n alone_o but_o be_v also_o in_o most_o other_o writ_n of_o the_o bishop_n summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o low_a as_o our_o own_o time_n and_o that_o these_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o convocation_n but_o parliament_n 120._o appear_v in_o pryn_n parliament_n register_n plain_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o procuration_n make_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o chapter_n of_o bath_n to_o william_n swynham_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr merston_n appoint_v they_o to_o appear_v and_o act_n for_o they_o as_o their_o lawful_a procurator_n in_o the_o parliament_n summon_v ann._n dom._n 1299._o be_v the_o 27_o the_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a form_n from_o another_o letter_n of_o procuration_n of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o chapter_n ann._n dom._n 1295._o 231._o edward_n i._o to_o their_o procurator_n therein_o name_v to_o act_v for_o they_o in_o the_o convocation_n then_o summon_v at_o westminster_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v also_o observe_v in_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o convocation_n different_a from_o those_o whereby_o the_o same_o person_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n the_o former_a be_v direct_v only_o to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n or_o their_o vicar_n general_n to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n of_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o any_o particular_a writ_n issue_v to_o any_o other_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n or_o clergyman_n as_o in_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o particular_a order_n to_o the_o bishop_n to_o warn_v all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o the_o manner_n but_o now_o mention_v as_o mr._n pryn_n very_o well_o observe_v dorso_n in_o his_o first_o part_n of_o his_o say_a parliamentary_a register_n where_o you_o may_v see_v there_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 31_o sy_n edward_n 3_o d_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n recite_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o parliament_n for_o divers_a arduous_a and_o urgent_a business_n concern_v himself_o and_o crown_n and_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o then_o proceed_v thus_o et_fw-la quia_fw-la negotia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la perquam_fw-la ardua_fw-la sine_fw-la maxima_fw-la deliberatione_n tam_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la &_o cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o summon_v the_o say_a clergy_n great_a man_n and_o commons_o and_o then_o require_v he_o to_o summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o dean_n and_o prior_n and_o archdeacon_n to_o appear_v personal_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n by_o two_o procurator_n with_o full_a power_n ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la &_o consulendum_fw-la super_fw-la praemissis_fw-la una_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la super_fw-la dictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la divina_fw-la savente_fw-la clementia_n contigerit_fw-la ordinari_fw-la m._n but_o what_o can_v you_o say_v to_o their_o be_v omit_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o divers_a writ_n to_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o pryn_n register_v you_o now_o cite_v and_o from_o whence_o himself_n have_v there_o make_v this_o observation_n 107._o that_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o council_n of_o state_n but_o only_o to_o parliament_n and_o that_o not_o always_o but_o at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o summon_v as_o a_o part_n yet_o be_v certain_o no_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o general_a council_n since_o they_o be_v omit_v in_o so_o many_o of_o they_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o ãâã_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o âim_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
act_n be_v declare_v absolute_o void_a yet_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n likewise_o prove_v that_o this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a be_v void_a and_o he_o make_v this_o out_o not_o only_o from_o constant_a practice_n in_o other_o statute_n of_o like_a nature_n but_o also_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o plowden_n and_o the_o say_a lord_n cook_n 8._o first_o as_o to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n for_o above_o a_o year_n 2._o that_o all_o letter_n patent_n make_v for_o year_n or_o life_n shall_v be_v void_a 3._o that_o no_o nonobstante_a shall_v make_v they_o good_a which_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n think_v the_o king_n can_v otherwise_o have_v dispense_v with_o this_o act_n by_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la there_o be_v likewise_o in_o this_o act_n a_o penalty_n of_o 200_o l._n and_o the_o party_n be_v also_o disable_v from_o bear_v the_o office_n of_o sheriff_n in_o any_o county_n of_o england_n and_o also_o every_o pardon_n for_o such_o offence_n shall_v be_v void_a so_o that_o in_o all_o respect_v this_o statute_n answer_v that_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o now_o in_o dispute_n only_o in_o this_o the_o penalty_n to_o the_o prosecutor_n be_v high_a viz._n 500_o l._n and_o the_o disability_n be_v not_o only_o from_o hold_v that_o office_n but_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o for_o the_o future_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o second_o of_o henry_n the_o vii_o in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n m._n upon_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_v with_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o that_o the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o that_o statute_n be_v good_a and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v ever_o since_o for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n of_o dispense_v with_o this_o statute_n for_o divers_a sheriff_n hold_v more_o than_o a_o year_n but_o have_v also_o grant_v this_o office_n for_o life_n aâ_n appear_v by_o the_o same_o case_n cite_v by_o plowden_n in_o his_o commentary_n between_o grendon_n 502._o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n where_o he_o express_o say_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n to_o be_v sheriff_n during_o life_n aught_o to_o have_v a_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a because_o of_o the_o precise_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n before_o mention_v and_o with_o such_o a_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a the_o patent_n to_o the_o earl_n be_v good_a but_o yet_o my_o lord_n cook_n be_v more_o express_a in_o his_o opinion_n concern_v these_o dispensation_n 18._o for_o in_o his_o twelve_o report_n he_o have_v these_o word_n no_o act_n can_v bind_v the_o king_n from_o any_o prerogative_n which_o be_v sole_a and_o inseparable_a to_o his_o person_n but_o that_o he_o may_v dispense_v with_o it_o by_o a_o nonobstante_a as_o a_o sovereign_a power_n to_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o serve_v he_o for_o the_o public_a weal_n and_o this_o sole_o and_o inseparable_o be_v annex_v to_o his_o person_n and_o this_o royal_a power_n can_v be_v restrain_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n neither_o in_o these_o nor_o in_o hypothesi_fw-la but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n may_v dispense_v with_o it_o for_o upon_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o king_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o subject_n do_v his_o government_n consist_v and_o therefore_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o allow_v this_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o england_n in_o the_o second_o of_o henry_n the_o vii_o to_o have_v be_v according_a to_o law_n that_o judge_v the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o to_o be_v good_a and_o he_o also_o instance_n in_o another_o statute_n 31._o in_o the_o four_o of_o henry_n iv._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o welshman_n shall_v be_v justice_n chamberlain_z etc._n etc._n nor_o any_o other_o officer_n whatsoever_o in_o any_o part_n of_o walts_n notwithstanding_o any_o patent_n make_v to_o the_o contrary_a with_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a licet_fw-la sit_fw-la wallicus_fw-la natus_fw-la and_o yet_o without_o question_n the_o king_n may_v grant_v those_o now_o office_n to_o welshman_n with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la and_o the_o say_a lord_n cook_n in_o calvin_n case_n tell_v we_o 14._o that_o the_o same_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n viz._n in_o 2._o of_o hen._n vii_o that_o every_o subject_a be_v by_o his_o natural_a allegiance_n bind_v to_o serve_v and_o obey_v his_o sovereign_n etc._n etc._n and_o he_o then_o proceed_v to_o recite_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n above_o mention_v and_o give_v we_o this_o reason_n for_o it_o for_o that_o the_o act_n can_v not_o bar_v the_o king_n of_o the_o service_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v give_v unto_o he_o this_o be_v there_o report_v as_o the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o king_n james_n his_o time_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o have_v be_v ever_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o a_o constant_a prerogative_n exercise_v by_o the_o king_n ever_o since_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o any_o difference_n why_o the_o king_n dispensation_n to_o a_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v good_a for_o the_o hold_n of_o his_o office_n for_o above_o a_o year_n norwithstand_v the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o yet_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o take_n or_o hold_v any_o office_n or_o command_n civil_a or_o military_a without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n appoint_v by_o the_o 25._o of_o charles_n the_o ii_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o breach_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n for_o i_o can_v see_v no_o manner_n of_o difference_n between_o they_o since_o their_o preamble_n set_v forth_o the_o design_n of_o the_o law_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n viz._n that_o of_o make_v the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o be_v the_o insupportable_a damage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n perjury_n manslaughter_n and_o great_a oppression_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o the_o mischief_n recite_v be_v of_o a_o much_o less_o nature_n viz._n for_o prevent_v danger_n which_o may_v happen_v from_o popish_a recusant_n and_o quiet_v the_o mind_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a subject_n so_o that_o the_o subject_a of_o neither_o of_o these_o act_n be_v mala_n in_o se_fw-la but_o only_o mala_fw-la prohibita_fw-la if_o the_o king_n may_v dispense_v with_o the_o one_o he_o may_v certain_o do_v as_o much_o with_o the_o other_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n therefore_o if_o this_o be_v so_o i_o need_v not_o say_v much_o against_o the_o second_o article_n in_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n against_o the_o king_n proceed_n viz._n his_o commit_n and_o prosecute_a divers_a worthy_a prelate_n for_o humble_o petition_v to_o be_v excuse_v from_o concur_v to_o the_o say_v assume_v power_n for_o if_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o or_o most_o part_n of_o the_o then_o judge_n the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_v with_o this_o statute_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o be_v good_a it_o be_v certain_o much_o more_o lawful_a in_o dispense_v with_o all_o other_o statute_n against_o papist_n and_o nonconformist_n since_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o bire_z penal_a statute_n without_o any_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o king_n charles_n declaration_n give_v a_o toleration_n to_o papist_n and_o dissenter_n by_o dispense_v with_o all_o the_o act_n against_o mass_n and_o conventicle_n be_v declare_v illegal_a by_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o year_n 1672._o and_o that_o the_o king_n to_o get_v a_o good_a lump_n of_o money_n do_v recall_v that_o declaration_n yet_o be_v it_o never_o declare_v by_o he_o to_o be_v illegal_a only_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o consequence_n for_o the_o future_a and_o you_o know_v a_o address_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o alone_o be_v never_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o declaration_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n have_v ever_o be_v that_o no_o statute_n or_o judgement_n of_o parliament_n can_v bar_v the_o king_n of_o his_o lawful_a prerogative_n of_o which_o this_o of_o dispense_v with_o such_o penal_a law_n be_v one_o so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_o very_o undutiful_o do_v of_o the_o bishop_n not_o only_o to_o deny_v distribute_v his_o majesty_n late_a declaration_n for_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n in_o their_o several_a diocese_n but_o also_o to_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o give_v he_o a_o petition_n wherein_o they_o desire_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o can_v answer_v i_o these_o query_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n but_o till_o then_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v against_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o till_o king_n richard_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v i_o desire_v no_o better_a authority_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o those_o very_a author_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v for_o your_o opinion_n for_o first_o hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a place_n you_o have_v quote_v he_o say_z that_o the_o duke_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o asâânt_n of_o all_o the_o party_n there_o present_a now_o if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o grammar_n or_o sense_n he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o therefore_o need_v their_o assent_n to_o make_v he_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o quotation_n from_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n the_o duke_n be_v say_v hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la promovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o word_n be_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n show_v he_o be_v not_o then_o but_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n now_o if_o his_o hereditary_a right_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v it_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o word_n aforego_v so_o that_o though_o this_o right_n give_v he_o the_o fair_a pretence_n to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o both_o the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o till_o after_o the_o due_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n so_o that_o after_o all_o your_o question_n what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o a_o hereditary_a right_o be_v so_o own_a and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n will_v receive_v a_o very_a easy_a answer_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o out_o of_o any_o dictionary_n that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o âeing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâm_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n of_o his_o be_v a_o duke_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o a_o king_n afterward_o as_o word_n can_v make_v m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n until_o king_n john_n be_v place_v therein_o now_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n upon_o his_o nephew_n duke_n arthur_n yet_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o elect_v in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o doubtful_a but_o suppose_v he_o be_v it_o be_v do_v wrongful_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v young_a and_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o his_o uncle_n who_o
second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la liceââon_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la âas_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o conâilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr consânsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la commâni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la prâceâânte_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definiâum_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 2._o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o make_v law_n in_o england_n he_o say_v quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la fuerint_fw-la approbate_a concensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o sacramento_n râgum_fw-la confirmaâae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la mutari_fw-la atâ_n destrui_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la fuerint_fw-la promulgata_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o ancient_a author_n plain_o declare_v that_o nothing_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o consent_v to_o by_o all_o order_n of_o man_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a bracton_n suppose_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o royal_a sanction_n of_o a_o law_n may_v precede_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n which_o quite_o destroy_v that_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n give_v his_o last_o assent_n which_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o with_o these_o more_o ancient_a sage_n of_o the_o law_n fortescue_n also_o agree_v in_o his_o 9th_o chap._n dâ_n laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o he_o say_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la populum_fw-la gubernaâ_fw-la non_fw-la mera_fw-fr potesââ_n to_o regid_a sed_fw-la politica_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o enim_fw-la ijs_fw-la legibâ_n guberââtur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o same_o with_o what_o bracton_n have_v before_o in_o his_o first_o chap_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 18_o chap._n speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n of_o king_n in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n he_o thus_o proceed_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nelum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o toâius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la quo_fw-la populi_n laesuram_fw-la nequiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la eorum_fw-la commodum_fw-la procurare_fw-la but_o if_o they_o after_o prove_v inconvenient_a he_o immediate_o add_v concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o proterum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v a_o authority_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a author_n st._n german_n who_o in_o his_o dialogue_n call_v the_o dr._n and_o student_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o 10_o chap._n entitle_v de_fw-la sexto_fw-la fundamento_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o student_n thus_o speak_v sexium_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la sâat_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la statutis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la suos_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominos_fw-la spirituales_fw-la &_o temporales_fw-la &_o per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la editis_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la rationis_fw-la lex_fw-la diviâa_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la maxima_fw-la sive_fw-la alia_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la legis_fw-la anglia_fw-it prià s_o sufficere_fw-la minimè_fw-la videbantur_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v here_o attribute_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o joint_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a parliament_n as_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n necessary_a thereunto_o for_o say_v he_o a_o parliament_n concern_v make_v or_o enact_v law_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o ãâã_d be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_z m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o concern_v myself_o with_o what_o your_o common_a lawyer_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v write_v upon_o this_o matter_n much_o less_o what_o sir_n edward_n coke_n a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v maintain_v since_o i_o have_v as_o good_a or_o a_o better_a authority_n than_o he_o b._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o year-book_n of_o 22_o ed._n 3._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v by_o divers_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o headlow_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n that_o the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o own_o land_n and_o that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v i_o think_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n be_v primary_o and_o proper_o make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n have_v a_o cooperation_n but_o no_o co-ordination_a of_o power_n with_o he_o and_o though_o at_o this_o day_n i_o grant_v that_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o necessary_a to_o the_o pass_v of_o all_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o the_o king_n word_n or_o le_fw-fr royal_a veulâ_n that_o make_v they_o so_o and_o i_o much_o doubt_n whether_o even_o this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o not_o or_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o gracious_a favour_n and_o permission_n of_o former_a king_n as_o i_o can_v show_v by_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o tedious_a to_o mention_v they_o particular_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o select_a some_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o english_a saxon_a king_n perform_v all_o great_a and_o considerable_a thing_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o wit_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o title_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o council_n in_o spellman_n lambard_n and_o that_o these_o king_n alone_o make_v their_o law_n though_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o their_o wittena_n gemote_a which_o be_v then_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n since_o he_o call_v what_o great_a man_n and_o bishop_n he_o please_v to_o it_o and_o omit_v the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v never_o mention_v that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o their_o consent_n as_o necessary_a thereunto_o nay_o sometime_o we_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n make_v law_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n 171._o thus_o offâ_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v at_o rome_n out_o of_o his_o royal_a munificence_n give_v to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o shall_v come_v thither_o a_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o ever_o out_o of_o every_o family_n by_o all_o who_o good_n in_o the_o field_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o this_o he_o make_v a_o perpetual_a constitution_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n except_v the_o land_n confer_v upon_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n this_o imposition_n and_o law_n continue_v a_o long_a while_n in_o force_n though_o we_o find_v it_o not_o confirm_v by_o any_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n only_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n council_n and_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n alm_n which_o imply_v it_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n and_o that_o sole_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o particular_a proof_n of_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n dein_fw-ge as_o well_o during_o the_o heptarchy_n as_o afterward_o in_o make_v ad_fw-la establish_v law_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o have_v extant_a which_o be_v those_o of_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno._n 712._o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n 1._o we_o find_v it_o thus_o express_a which_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_n copy_n publish_v by_o
mr._n lambard_n i_o ina_n by_o or_o with_o god_n gift_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n with_o the_o advice_n or_o council_n of_o cenred_n my_o father_n and_o head_n my_o bishop_n and_o ercenwold_n my_o bishop_n and_o with_o my_o alderman_n and_o elder_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n of_o my_o kingdom_n do_v command_v etc._n etc._n then_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o king_n speak_v in_o the_o first_o person_n plural_a we_o bid_v or_o command_v that_o all_o our_o people_n shall_v after_o hold_v fast_o or_o observe_v these_o law_n and_o doom_n from_o this_o preface_n you_o may_v observe_v i._o that_o king_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o that_o god_n gift_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o dei_fw-la gratia_n they_o be_v not_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o people_n 2._o that_o prince_n or_o the_o better_a government_n of_o their_o people_n in_o the_o settle_v of_o law_n in_o church_n and_o state_n do_v then_o consult_v deliberate_a and_o advise_v with_o their_o bishop_n noblemen_z and_o eminent_o wise_a man_n of_o their_o kingdom_n who_o for_o their_o wisdom_n they_o honour_v with_o public_a employment_n in_o their_o dominion_n 3._o that_o after_o such_o consultation_n deliberation_n and_o advice_n to_o the_o sovereign_n establish_v and_o make_v the_o law_n the_o next_o instance_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o be_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n 21._o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n where_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o law_n about_o religion_n and_o prefatory_n to_o the_o secular_a law_n he_o say_v i_o alfred_n king_n have_v gather_v these_o sanction_n together_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v write_v and_o then_o recite_v that_o those_o that_o he_o like_v not_o with_o the_o council_n of_o his_o wit_n he_o have_v reject_v and_o those_o he_o like_v he_o have_v or_o command_v to_o be_v hold_v and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n here_o speak_v in_o the_o single_a person_n that_o he_o himself_o collect_v or_o choose_v and_o also_o reject_v what_o law_n he_o please_v the_o next_o material_a illustration_n where_o the_o legislative_a power_n then_o reside_v may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a where_o after_o the_o charge_v give_v to_o the_o judge_n the_o first_o law_n begin_v i_o will_v and_o so_o in_o other_o in_o the_o four_o it_o be_v thus_o express_v edward_n the_o king_n with_o his_o wit_n that_o be_v at_o exeter_n strict_o enquire_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v better_o provide_v for_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 2d_o and_o 3d._n chap._n it_o be_v we_o also_o declare_v pronounce_v or_o sentence_n and_o in_o the_o seven_o and_o i_o will_n in_o which_o law_n we_o have_v none_o mention_v with_o the_o king_n but_o his_o wit_n and_o his_o command_v will_v or_o pronounce_v in_o the_o imperative_a mood_n be_v observable_a the_o next_o law_n i_o find_v 396._o be_v those_o of_o king_n athelstan_n which_o begin_v thus_o i_o athelstan_n king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o walfelm_n my_o high_a bishop_n and_o other_o my_o bishop_n command_v or_o bid_v all_o my_o rieves_n i_o e._n praefect_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o to_o pay_v tithe_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o he_o command_v his_o bishop_n his_o alderman_n and_o praepositi_fw-la who_o be_v the_o judge_n in_o the_o country_n court_v to_o do_v the_o same_o in_o these_o law_n we_o cwaedon_v be_v use_v which_o i_o suppose_v be_v something_o more_o than_o somner_n understand_v by_o his_o âuide_n a_o say_v speech_n or_o sentence_n and_o proper_o be_v we_o will_n but_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o the_o king_n appear_v most_o in_o the_o 26_o chap._n wherein_o it_o be_v express_v tâat_o if_o any_o of_o the_o graeve_n i._n e._n judge_n do_v not_o perform_v these_o command_n or_o be_v more_o remiss_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o those_o he_o have_v enjoin_v he_o shall_v be_v punish_v for_o his_o excess_n of_o contumacy_n according_a to_o the_o fine_n there_o set_v down_o king_n edmund_n be_v the_o next_o of_o our_o king_n who_o law_n be_v transfer_v to_o we_o 944._o and_o the_o proem_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n edmund_n assemble_v a_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n to_o london_n on_o the_o holy_a eastertide_n and_o the_o person_n summon_v be_v style_v godskind_a and_o worldskind_a i._n e._n clergy_n and_o laic_n after_o the_o first_o six_o chapter_n of_o law_n in_o the_o proem_n to_o the_o 2d_o part_n of_o they_o the_o king_n signify_v to_o all_o man_n old_a and_o young_a that_o he_o have_v ask_v advice_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o his_o wites_z both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n and_o in_o the_o law_n it_o be_v often_o say_v thonne_v cwaedon_n these_o we_o pronounce_v or_o appoint_v and_o sometime_o the_o single_a person_n be_v use_v and_o in_o other_o place_n we_o betweonan_o heolâan_n it_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o we_o here_o we_o find_v the_o great_a council_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v the_o clergy_n and_o laiây_n yet_o still_o we_o find_v the_o legislative_a power_n in_o the_o king_n alone_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o title_n to_o king_n edgar_n ecclesiastical_a law_n 967._o it_o be_v thus_o the_o law_n which_o king_n edgar_n in_o a_o frequent_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v 455._o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o enact_v part_n relate_v whole_o to_o himself_o the_o same_o king_n edgar_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o glastonbury_n abbey_n conclude_v it_o thus_o âaâe_fw-la privilegij_fw-la paginam_fw-la rex_fw-la edgarus_n xii_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la sacro_fw-la scripto_fw-la apud_fw-la londoâiam_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la so_o that_o though_o it_o appear_v this_o be_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o the_o grant_v and_o enact_v part_n proceed_v whole_o from_o himself_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n run_v thus_o 552._o these_o be_v the_o worldly_a constitution_n that_o i_o will_v with_o my_o wites_z advice_n that_o man_n hold_v all_o over_o england_n in_o most_o of_o the_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v we_o teach_v we_o bid_v or_o command_v we_o forbid_v and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n it_o be_v in_o the_o single_a person_n of_o the_o king_n now_o i_o command_v all_o and_o bid_v every_o man_n in_o god_n name_n and_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o they_o sai_z haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la instituta_fw-la cnude_v regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la dacorum_n norwegarum_fw-la vene_z rando_fw-la saplentum_fw-la concilio_n ejus_fw-la ad_fw-la laudem_fw-la &_o gloriam_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la regalitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o this_o canutus_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o he_o command_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o ever_o 11_o all_o the_o law_n of_o ancient_a king_n especial_o those_o make_v by_o king_n ethelred_n his_o predecessor_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o king_n fine_a to_o the_o observe_v of_o which_o he_o say_v in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v swear_v under_o the_o name_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n not_o that_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o but_o have_v observe_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o english_a saxon_n and_o danish_a king_n do_v not_o only_o call_v council_n and_o preside_v in_o they_o but_o that_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v lodge_v sole_o in_o themselves_o f._n i_o perceive_v the_o authority_n of_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v a_o little_a too_o hard_o for_o you_o to_o answer_v with_o your_o usual_a distinction_n and_o therefore_o you_o seem_o deny_v their_o authority_n though_o in_o effect_n you_o grant_v it_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o year-book_n which_o you_o think_v sufficient_a to_o counterbalance_v all_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v bring_v i_o think_v i_o may_v much_o better_a question_n the_o judgement_n of_o those_o that_o give_v that_o opinion_n since_o i_o can_v show_v you_o that_o you_o yourself_o can_v allow_v it_o in_o all_o point_n for_o law_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v not_o there_o say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o judge_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o judge_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o hear_v the_o cause_n there_o mention_v but_o only_o fuit_fw-la dit_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr etc._n etc._n by_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o private_a opinion_n only_o of_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o judge_n there_o present_a for_o it_o be_v not_o say_v fuit_fw-la adjuge_fw-la and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o they_o all_o pray_v read_v what_o follow_v after_o fuit_fw-la dit_fw-fr quen_n temps_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr henry_n &_o devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr fuit_fw-la implede_v comme_fw-fr seroit_fw-fr
avire_n homme_fw-fr de_fw-fr people_n mes_fw-fr ed._n roy_fw-fr son_fw-fr fils_fw-fr ordeign_a que_fw-fr home_fw-fr sueroit_fw-fr vers_fw-la roy_fw-fr per_fw-la petition_v mos_n unque_n roys_n ne_fw-fr seront_fw-fr adjugez_fw-fr si_fw-mi non_fw-la per_fw-la euâ_n melme_n &_o lour_v justice_n so_o that_o if_o the_o former_a part_n of_o it_o âe_v law_n the_o latter_a must_v be_v so_o too_o and_o then_o it_o will_v direct_o contradict_v what_o you_o have_v quote_v before_o out_o of_o bracton_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o in_o which_o he_o live_v there_o lie_v no_o remedy_n against_o the_o king_n but_o only_o by_o petition_n whereas_o this_o opinion_n make_v he_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o legal_a process_n with_o other_o men._n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o year-book_n may_v very_o well_o bear_v a_o legal_a interpretation_n only_o by_o supply_v what_o be_v indeed_o to_o be_v understand_v after_o the_o word_n non_fw-fr pas_fw-fr les_fw-fr peer_n &_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la viz._n sans_o assent_v du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr which_o as_o it_o be_v then_o true_a so_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v ever_o be_v so_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o much_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o year-book_n to_o prove_v where_o the_o power_n of_o make_v and_o dispense_v with_o law_n 21._o do_v true_o reside_v viz._n the_o solemn_a declaration_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o 25_o henry_n 8._o ah_o prince_n as_o jealous_a of_o âis_n prerogative_n as_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n where_o in_o the_o preamble_n read_v these_o word_n it_o stand_v therefore_o with_o natural_a equity_n and_o good_a reason_n that_o in_o all_o and_o every_o such_o human_a law_n make_v within_o this_o realm_n or_o induce_v into_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o say_a sufferance_n consent_n and_o custom_n your_o royal_a majesty_n and_o your_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o represent_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o your_o realm_n in_o this_o your_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n not_o only_o to_o dispense_v with_o those_o and_o all_o other_o humane_a law_n of_o this_o your_o realm_n as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o matter_n shall_v require_v and_o also_o the_o say_a law_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o abrogate_v annul_v amplify_v and_o diminish_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o of_o your_o realm_n present_a in_o your_o parliament_n meet_v and_o convenient_a for_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o realm_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v abrogate_a and_o also_o dispense_v with_o law_n be_v by_o this_o act_n ascribe_v joint_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n but_o though_o i_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o they_o have_v a_o coordinate_a power_n with_o the_o king_n in_o make_v law_n yet_o they_o have_v a_o co-operative_a power_n therein_o which_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o your_o co-operation_n for_o what_o be_v a_o co-operation_n but_o a_o power_n of_o work_v together_o and_o how_o can_v three_o distinct_a body_n work_v together_o without_o each_o contribute_v their_o share_n to_o produce_v the_o intend_a effect_n m._n perhaps_o i_o may_v have_v be_v too_o unwary_a in_o my_o expression_n but_o pray_v answer_v the_o authority_n i_o have_v bring_v from_o our_o ancient_n english_a saxon_a law_n wherein_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o king_n have_v then_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n f._n i_o grant_v he_o have_v a_o chief_a share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n but_o not_o the_o sole_a power_n that_o be_v he_o can_v make_v no_o law_n but_o in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o by_o their_o consent_n and_o this_o you_o may_v have_v see_v as_o well_o as_o i_o if_o you_o have_v not_o sly_o pass_v by_o what_o make_v against_o you_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o begin_v with_o your_o instance_n of_o offa_n give_v that_o boon_n to_o the_o roman_a school_n i_o think_v the_o authority_n you_o bring_v for_o it_o be_v very_o slight_a for_o though_o i_o own_o that_o matthew_n paris_z who_o write_v his_o life_n relate_v this_o donation_n to_o have_v be_v make_v at_o rome_n without_o mention_v any_o consent_n or_o confirmation_n of_o his_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o seem_v but_o a_o imperfect_a account_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n who_o be_v not_o so_o exact_a in_o such_o matter_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o therefore_o though_o offa_n do_v give_v or_o vow_v these_o penny_n at_o rome_n yet_o the_o gift_n may_v receive_v its_o force_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n after_o he_o come_v home_o since_o all_o his_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o his_o council_n be_v lose_v unless_o it_o be_v one_o which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n have_v give_v we_o from_o such_o remain_n as_o have_v be_v save_v out_o of_o the_o library_n of_o several_a monastery_n at_o their_o dissolution_n and_o this_o contain_v no_o less_o than_o the_o consent_n and_o confirmation_n of_o his_o great_a council_n assemble_v at_o calcuith_n anno_fw-la 940._o for_o the_o foundation_n and_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n alban_n as_o also_o that_o of_o another_o council_n at_o verulam_n for_o the_o confer_v of_o divers_a other_o land_n of_o his_o own_o to_o that_o monastery_n now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_v whether_o that_o king_n who_o can_v not_o bestow_v his_o own_o demesne_n upon_o the_o church_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v give_v away_o at_o once_o the_o 30_o penny_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n estate_n for_o ever_o without_o their_o consent_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o donation_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o penny_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v communi_fw-la confilio_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n can_v not_o bestow_v their_o land_n upon_o religious_a uses_n 340._o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n where_o baldred_n king_n of_o kent_n be_v a_o evident_a example_n who_o though_o he_o have_v give_v the_o manor_n of_o malling_n in_o sussex_n to_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n yet_o because_o his_o principes_fw-la and_o great_a man_n that_o be_v his_o great_a council_n consent_v not_o thereto_o it_o be_v revoke_v until_o king_n egbert_n and_o his_o son_n ethelwulf_n do_v afterward_o renew_v the_o say_a grant_n 340._o with_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o kingston_n an._n 840._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n last_o cite_v and_o i_o be_o sure_a after_o the_o heptarchy_n when_o our_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a the_o same_o king_n ethelwulf_n can_v not_o by_o his_o mere_a prerogative_n grant_v the_o tithe_n of_o his_o subject_n estate_n to_o the_o clergy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o principal_a man_n hold_v at_o winchester_n an._n gratia_n 855._o and_o entitle_v thus_o celebris_fw-la ilâ_n donatio_fw-la ethelwulfi_n regis_fw-la decimae_fw-la manfionis_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la benorum_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la factae_fw-la confirmaâââ_n 348._o m._n i_o grant_v that_o perhaps_o these_o king_n can_v not_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o land_n or_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v former_o yet_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v absolute_a monarch_n for_o all_o that_o f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o long_o in_o answer_v your_o example_n of_o king_n offa._n but_o i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o that_o they_o can_v no_o more_o make_v law_n than_o dispose_n of_o their_o own_o or_o their_o subject_n estate_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o which_o you_o yourself_o may_v easy_o have_v see_v if_o you_o have_v please_v to_o have_v consult_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n as_o diligent_o as_o you_o have_v do_v mr._n lambard_n for_o there_o you_o may_v have_v find_v that_o about_o the_o year_n 712._o 219._o king_n ina_n assemble_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n concern_v marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v other_o thing_n ad_fw-la concordiam_fw-la publicam_fw-la promovendam_fw-la peâ_n commune_v consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la priâcipum_fw-la procerum_fw-la 54._o comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seâiorum_fw-la &_o popillorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o look_v into_o the_o decem-scripâores_a you_o will_v find_v how_o althesian_n
ordinationes_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la fuit_fw-la mensura_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la composita_fw-la but_o far_a to_o convince_v you_o that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o those_o learned_a judge_n who_o frame_v the_o writ_n that_o be_v issue_v out_o upon_o any_o of_o these_o ancient_a statute_n you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o who_o live_v in_o those_o very_a time_n believe_v that_o those_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o k._n alone_o but_o by_o he_o and_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o writ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n run_v thus_o rex_fw-la vicecom_v etc._n etc._n salut_n si_fw-mi a._n fecerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n tunc_fw-la summonias_fw-la etc._n etc._n b._n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciarijs_fw-la statuto_fw-la etc._n etc._n ostensuris_fw-la quare_fw-la cum_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la provisum_fw-la sit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o writ_n grant_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la marlbridg_n merton_n gloucester_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v all_o of_o they_o this_o or_o the_o like_a recital_n cum_fw-la de_fw-la statuto_fw-la or_o juxia_fw-la formam_fw-la statuti_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ang._n inde_fw-la provisi_fw-la the_o like_a instance_n i_o can_v give_v you_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n and_o divers_a other_o old_a statute_n in_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n itself_o seem_v only_o to_o have_v enact_v it_o and_o yet_o you_o may_v see_v that_o our_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n be_v very_o well_o convince_v that_o those_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o by_o the_o whole_a common_a council_n of_o england_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o avoid_v the_o conclusion_n that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n have_v then_o a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v the_o king_n alone_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v in_o these_o writ_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o instance_n of_o edw._n 2d_o and_o edw._n 3ds_o time_n i_o think_v i_o can_v show_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o general_n rule_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o some_o few_o example_n for_o though_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o first_o of_o edw._n 2d_o begin_v thus_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v grant_v etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o statute_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v make_v in_o and_o by_o parliament_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n though_o they_o do_v not_o all_o agree_v in_o form_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n 9th_o edw._n 2d_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a estate_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v and_o though_o you_o will_v fain_o draw_v some_o mighty_a consequence_n from_o those_o phrase_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n 3d._n and_o many_o of_o his_o successor_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o if_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o as_o necessary_a as_o the_o former_a yet_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a difference_n in_o form_n and_o proceed_v only_o from_o hence_o that_o that_o estate_n which_o find_v itself_o grieve_v always_o petition_v the_o king_n for_o redress_v and_o which_o amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o a_o consent_n for_o you_o shall_v always_o find_v that_o the_o petition_v part_n still_o refer_v to_o that_o body_n which_o be_v then_o oppress_v without_o give_v any_o other_o assent_n for_o certain_o their_o request_v to_o have_v a_o act_n make_v do_v necessary_o express_v their_o consent_n and_o to_o prove_v what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v by_o example_n pray_v see_v the_o 8_o of_o hen._n 6._o c._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v gracious_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o say_a prelate_n and_o clergy_n at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o say_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o aforesaid_a have_v ordain_v and_o establishse_v where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n be_v not_o here_o at_o all_o mention_v because_o it_o be_v needless_a as_o be_v make_v at_o their_o request_n and_o if_o pray_v and_o request_v shall_v destroy_v the_o legislative_a power_n i_o doubt_v whether_o edw._n 3d._n do_v not_o give_v away_o he_o when_o in_o his_o 14_o year_n in_o a_o statute_n concern_v the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n the_o preamble_n run_v thus_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n pray_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o great_a business_n which_o he_o have_v in_o hand_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o will_v grant_v he_o some_o aid_n upon_o wool_n leather_n etc._n etc._n where_o upon_o deliberation_n be_v bad_a the_o say_a prelate_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v grant_v he_o 40_o shilling_n to_o be_v take_v on_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o commons_o but_o also_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o petitioner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o commons_o pray_v see_v these_o authority_n the_o 1_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n 27_o edw._n 3d._n run_v thus_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n and_o prayer_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o ed._n four_o i_o e._n it_o be_v recite_v thus_o the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n advice_n request_v and_o authority_n of_o his_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o english_a out_o of_o the_o law-french_a which_o perhaps_o you_o be_v not_o use_v to_o also_o the_o say_a commons_o do_v petition_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n that_o no_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v or_o grant_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o clergy_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o neither_o that_o the_o say_v commons_o shall_v be_v oblige_v by_o any_o constitution_n which_o they_o may_v make_v for_o their_o advantage_n without_o the_o assent_n os_fw-la the_o say_a commons_o for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o of_o your_o viz._n the_o king_n statutes_n or_o ordinance_n make_v without_o their_o assent_n m._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o lord_n have_v be_v allow_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o long_a time_n but_o whether_o the_o consent_n of_o either_o at_o first_o be_v so_o be_v a_o great_a doubt_n since_o we_o find_v the_o first_o ancient_a statute_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v make_v whole_o by_o the_o king_n alone_o and_o i_o think_v the_o most_o ancient_a law_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o original_a legislative_a power_n 50._o and_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o many_o provision_n ordinance_n and_o proclamation_n make_v heretofore_o out_o of_o parliament_n have_v be_v always_o acknowledge_v for_o law_n and_o statute_n we_o have_v among_o the_o print_a statute_n to_o this_o purpose_n one_o call_v the_o statute_n of_o ireland_n date_v at_o westminster_n the_o 9th_o of_o february_n 14_o hen._n 3d._n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o king_n to_o gerard_n fitz_n maurice_n justiciar_n of_o ireland_n the_o explanation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n only_o be_v receive_v always_o for_o statute_n and_o be_v still_o print_v with_o they_o also_o the_o statute_n make_v
point_n namely_o that_o the_o king_n his_o nobility_n and_o commons_o do_v ordain_v and_o enact_v the_o same_o and_o which_o be_v more_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n seem_v to_o pass_n under_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n only_o as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v that_o show_v indeed_o yet_o you_o must_v not_o by_o and_o by_o judge_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o other_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o insinuation_n rather_o than_o argument_n against_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v it_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o which_o bear_v so_o hard_o upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o last_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a that_o they_o be_v introduce_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n vi_o and_o vii_o two_o usurper_n and_o but_o in_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o former_a i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o your_o account_n for_o i_o will_v show_v you_o much_o ancient_a authority_n wherein_o the_o same_o word_n or_o other_o equivalent_a have_v be_v use_v in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o first_o pray_v call_v to_o mind_v the_o statute_n of_o measure_n already_o recite_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n the_o measure_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n be_v thus_o make_v etc._n etc._n which_o certain_o must_v mean_v the_o assent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o my_o lord_n coâe_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o three_o institutes_n of_o a_o ancient_a record_n that_o he_o have_v see_v of_o the_o 7_o the_o of_o this_o king_n 27._o wherein_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a temporal_a and_o commons_o but_o since_o i_o have_v give_v you_o precedent_n enough_o of_o statute_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v or_o ordain_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o i_o will_v show_v you_o one_o where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v and_o that_o be_v in_o rastal_n statute_n 4_o hen._n 4_o cap._n 24._o concern_v aulnage_n of_o clothes_n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v ordain_v and_o accord_v by_o the_o say_a parliament_n without_o any_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o these_o fatal_a word_n you_o except_o against_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6._o pray_v see_v 9_o hen._n 5._o cap._n 4._o concern_v the_o misprision_n of_o clerk_n in_o writing_n which_o run_v thus_o the_o king_n have_v now_o declare_v and_o ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o the_o justice_n etc._n etc._n which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v make_v the_o king_n alone_o to_o carry_v the_o whole_a parliament_n in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o whereas_o that_o phrase_n have_v begin_v from_o usurpation_n it_o will_v have_v be_v first_o find_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o edward_n the_o 4_o the_o though_o no_o usurper_n yet_o do_v not_o think_v that_o these_o word_n do_v abate_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n pray_v see_v in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o that_o king_n cap._n 1._o wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n assenâ_n request_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v but_o that_o by_o assent_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o since_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n make_v its_o authority_n pray_v see_v the_o express_a judgement_n in_o this_o point_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n crew_n 104._o and_o justice_n doderidge_n give_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o the_o earldom_n of_o oxford_n report_v in_o judge_n iokes_n report_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v his_o majesty_n negative_a vote_n to_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o this_o prerogative_n can_v be_v conclude_v only_o from_o his_o give_v his_o last_o assent_n to_o a_o law_n for_o when_o a_o bill_n begin_v from_o himself_o the_o two_o house_n have_v likewise_o a_o negative_a upon_o he_o which_o be_v evident_a in_o a_o act_n of_o pardon_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o king_n first_o and_o send_v down_o to_o the_o parliament_n this_o neither_o the_o lord_n nor_o commons_o can_v add_v or_o alter_v one_o tittle_n to_o yet_o may_v they_o notwithstanding_o his_o prior_n asent_n refuse_v the_o whole_a bill_n if_o they_o please_v though_o already_o past_a under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o though_o i_o likewise_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n that_o by_o yield_v the_o high_a and_o last_o assent_n give_v the_o enact_v force_n to_o the_o law_n and_o thus_o the_o king_n may_v in_o a_o logical_a sense_n be_v say_v thereby_o to_o make_v the_o law_n according_a to_o that_o know_a maxim_n quod_fw-la that_fw-mi formam_fw-la that_fw-mi esse_fw-la âei_fw-la yet_o this_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o in_o a_o legal_a sense_n according_a to_o the_o express_a declaration_n of_o our_o old_a lawyer_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o law_n owe_v their_o obligation_n to_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o king_n and_o parliament_n and_o his_o give_v his_o last_o assent_n or_o form_n to_o the_o law_n no_o more_o prove_v his_o sole_a legislative_a power_n than_o it_o will_v do_v that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o if_o either_o of_o they_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v to_o give_v their_o asent_n last_o thereunto_o so_o that_o i_o think_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n no_o man_n can_v reasonable_o deny_v but_o that_o legal_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v also_o their_o share_n not_o only_o in_o frame_v but_o enact_v of_o all_o bill_n that_o shall_v pass_v for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o committee_n of_o estate_n in_o scotland_n or_o the_o king_n and_o council_n of_o england_n in_o relation_n to_o ireland_n the_o former_a of_o which_o draw_v up_o all_o bill_n that_o be_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o the_o latter_a must_v approve_v or_o reject_v all_o bill_n that_o shall_v pass_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o ireland_n whereas_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o parliament_n consist_v in_o their_o consent_n to_o and_o enact_v together_o with_o the_o king_n all_o statute_n whatsoever_o and_o this_o distinction_n i_o think_v may_v very_o well_o reconcile_v bracton_n with_o fortescue_n the_o former_a of_o which_o say_v quod_fw-la leges_fw-la ligant_fw-la suum_fw-la lâtorem_fw-la mean_v the_o king_n and_o the_o latter_a in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v affirm_v that_o the_o people_n be_v govern_v by_o those_o law_n quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la feât_fw-la which_o they_o themselves_o make_v and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v to_o ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n as_o much_o power_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o civil_a sovereign_n and_o yet_o to_o leave_v a_o sufficient_a share_n to_o the_o people_n to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o tyranny_n m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v be_v satisfy_v with_o your_o division_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n beiween_v the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n since_o it_o be_v against_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o old_a lawyer_n glanville_n and_o bracton_n who_o as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v make_v the_o king_n the_o sole_a legislator_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v fortescue_n give_v the_o people_n a_o share_n in_o it_o yet_o he_o be_v but_o a_o modern_a author_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o other_o two_o and_o write_v to_o support_v the_o usurp_v title_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o so_o that_o i_o can_v comprehend_v how_o the_o two_o house_n can_v have_v any_o share_n proper_o speak_v in_o the_o legislative_a power_n without_o fall_v into_o that_o old_a error_n of_o make_v the_o king_n one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o so_o coordinate_a with_o the_o other_o two_o whereas_o if_o the_o king_n be_v a_o monarch_n that_o signify_v in_o greek_a the_o government_n of_o one_o person_n whereas_o by_o give_v the_o two_o house_n a_o part_n in_o the_o legislative_a you_o divide_v it_o into_o three_o several_a share_n whereas_o there_o be_v so_o close_a a_o conjunction_n between_o all_o the_o part_n of_o sovereign_a power_n that_o the_o one_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o but_o it_o will_v destroy_v the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n and_o only_o set_v up_o a_o irregular_a commonwealth_n in_o its_o place_n
will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a authority_n of_o bishop_n as_o to_o their_o right_n of_o meet_v in_o public_a synod_n or_o council_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o all_o such_o jurisdiction_n be_v immediate_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n though_o original_o from_o the_o people_n which_o fortesove_n call_v potestatem_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la effuxiam_fw-la and_o by_o they_o entrust_v with_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o distribute_v it_o to_o all_o inferior_a court_n which_o yet_o he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n create_v anew_o without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o this_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n themselves_o since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v by_o undeniable_a testimony_n that_o that_o constitution_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o english_a nation_n itself_o m._n i_o see_v you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o wrest_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o statute_n by_o a_o force_a interpretation_n but_o i_o hope_v at_o our_o next_o meeting_n to_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o our_o first_o saxon_a and_o norman_a king_n be_v absolute_a monarch_n and_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n we_o enjoy_v but_o also_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v whole_o derive_v from_o he_o and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v also_o necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o difference_n and_o distinction_n in_o honour_n or_o power_n by_o which_o the_o bishop_n and_o temporal_a lord_n can_v claim_v to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n be_v whole_o derive_v from_o those_o king_n for_o as_o to_o the_o commons_o i_o need_v not_o go_v so_o high_a for_o their_o original_a since_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a antiquary_n and_o i_o think_v the_o learned_a dr._n brady_n have_v sufficient_o prove_v it_o against_o mr._n petyt_n that_o they_o be_v no_o ancient_a than_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_n or_o perhaps_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n the_o 1st_n reign_v nor_o do_v the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v for_o the_o independent_a authority_n of_o parliament_n viz._n ââacton_n and_o the_o mirror_n mention_v any_o other_o than_o the_o curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o that_o of_o count_n or_o earl_n as_o the_o author_n of_o the_o mirror_n have_v word_v it_o by_o which_o can_v be_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n for_o as_o to_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o have_v they_o be_v then_o in_o be_v or_o have_v they_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o the_o government_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a these_o ancient_a author_n as_o well_o as_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n will_v have_v omit_v particular_o to_o mention_v they_o so_o that_o the_o high_a i_o go_v and_o the_o more_o i_o look_v on_o the_o history_n of_o our_o ancient_a english_a king_n the_o more_o absolute_a i_o find_v their_o power_n and_o the_o less_o dependent_a upon_o the_o people_n therefore_o i_o have_v very_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o our_o first_o king_n be_v absolute_a monarch_n not_o only_o by_o the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n but_o also_o that_o our_o very_a liberty_n and_o property_n proceed_v at_o first_o from_o their_o mere_a grace_n and_o pavour_n f._n i_o know_v you_o have_v assert_v the_o same_o thing_n more_o than_o once_o all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o be_v too_o positive_a or_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o conciseness_n or_o silence_n of_o the_o ancient_a monkish_a writer_n of_o those_o first_o time_n for_o since_o as_o i_o own_o they_o have_v never_o give_v we_o any_o exact_a account_n of_o our_o ancient_a civil_a government_n nor_o yet_o of_o the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o time_n we_o be_v force_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o truth_n from_o other_o circumstance_n or_o such_o passage_n as_o we_o can_v meet_v withal_o in_o their_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n nay_o sometime_o from_o those_o of_o their_o neighbour_n who_o live_v under_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o government_n and_o law_n with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n as_o proceed_v from_o one_o common_a stock_n or_o original_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v do_v but_o since_o we_o be_v already_o in_o possession_n of_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o liberty_n and_o of_o a_o right_n to_o parliament_n once_o every_o year_n or_o often_o if_o need_v be_v by_o two_o ancient_a statute_n yet_o in_o force_n at_o far_a once_o every_o three_o year_n by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v your_o task_n to_o prove_v to_o i_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o first_o english_a monarch_n and_o by_o what_o step_v and_o degree_n they_o come_v to_o part_v with_o their_o power_n and_o to_o be_v thus_o limit_v as_o we_o now_o find_v they_o and_o when_o you_o can_v show_v i_o this_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o i_o will_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v the_o method_n you_o prescribe_v and_o therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n into_o this_o island_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o so_o common_a a_o piece_n of_o history_n that_o all_o the_o title_n they_o have_v to_o this_o island_n be_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o conquest_n of_o their_o first_o prince_n or_o general_n who_o be_v send_v by_o lot_n together_o with_o the_o army_n that_o follow_v they_o out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n because_o it_o be_v too_o narrow_a or_o barren_a to_o sustain_v such_o great_a multitude_n they_o come_v over_o hither_o to_o seek_v new_a dwelling_n now_o whether_o these_o prince_n be_v make_v king_n before_o they_o come_v over_o or_o that_o they_o make_v themselves_o so_o immediate_o after_o their_o conquest_n will_v be_v all_o one_o since_o if_o we_o consider_v they_o as_o military_a captain_n or_o leader_n of_o army_n their_o power_n be_v absolute_a as_o that_o of_o all_o general_n ever_o be_v and_o must_v be_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o military_a discipline_n if_o we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o king_n or_o prince_n as_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a they_o be_v also_o before_o they_o come_v over_o since_o they_o be_v certain_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a all_o of_o they_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o woden_n their_o god_n as_o well_o as_o first_o king_n be_v thus_o make_v king_n by_o their_o father_n or_o other_o near_a relation_n there_o be_v no_o ground_n to_o believe_v they_o owe_v their_o title_n to_o the_o vote_n or_o suffrage_n of_o their_o follower_n but_o after_o they_o have_v settle_a a_o heptarchy_n or_o seven_o kingdom_n in_o this_o part_n of_o britain_n call_v england_n we_o find_v they_o govern_v and_o lead_v their_o people_n like_o absolute_a king_n and_o monarch_n over_o their_o little_a principality_n and_o since_o each_o kingdom_n be_v conquer_a from_o the_o britain_n under_o the_o conduct_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o right_o of_o conquest_n all_o the_o land_n of_o each_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o though_o they_o canton_v they_o out_o into_o share_n to_o their_o captain_n and_o soldier_n according_a to_o each_o man_n valour_n or_o desert_n yet_o do_v this_o whole_o proceed_v from_o their_o bounty_n and_o favour_n who_o may_v have_v keep_v the_o whole_a to_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v please_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o also_o long_o before_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n and_o if_o so_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n all_o our_o other_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n must_v have_v be_v derive_v from_o he_o since_o you_o have_v already_o assert_v that_o whoever_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o a_o country_n he_o be_v so_o also_o over_o the_o person_n of_o the_o people_n f._n before_o you_o proceed_v any_o far_a i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o doubt_v with_o great_a show_n and_o appearance_n of_o truth_n than_o the_o matter_n will_v just_o bear_v when_o well_o canvas_v but_o since_o i_o grant_v our_o early_a writer_n be_v very_o short_a in_o give_v we_o the_o true_a form_n or_o original_a constitution_n of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a government_n it_o be_v necessary_a we_o look_v into_o the_o roman_a author_n who_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a german_a nation_n a_o stirp_v of_o who_o our_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n certain_o be_v and_o in_o those_o author_n you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o gothic_n original_a be_v
constitution_n to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n which_o have_v be_v raise_v according_a to_o the_o gothic_a model_n of_o government_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n now_o let_v we_o look_v into_o scotland_n and_o there_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o institution_n as_o ancient_n as_o any_o history_n or_o record_n they_o have_v if_o we_o pass_v into_o france_n we_o shall_v find_v their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o great_a council_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o their_o first_o king_n gallia_n and_o to_o have_v have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o any_o where_o else_o in_o europe_n since_o they_o not_o only_o frequent_o elect_v but_o also_o depose_v their_o king_n of_o the_o first_o race_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a if_o we_o look_v into_o spain_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o two_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a kingdom_n viz._n castille_n and_o arragon_n the_o like_a assembly_n the_o power_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o latter_a that_o they_o can_v even_o depose_v the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o tyrannize_v over_o or_o oppress_v it_o they_o if_o we_o go_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o norway_n that_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o diet_n elect_v their_o king_n and_o can_v likewise_o depose_v they_o till_o those_o kingdom_n become_v hereditary_a which_o be_v but_o of_o modern_a time_n i_o shall_v omit_v poland_n because_o perhaps_o you_o may_v dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o kingdom_n or_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o we_o pass_v into_o hungary_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o huns_n a_o nation_n of_o gothic_n original_a we_o shall_v find_v not_o only_o the_o like_a assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o in_o the_o other_o kingdom_n but_o also_o that_o they_o have_v a_o magistrate_n call_v the_o palatine_a who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o conservator_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o who_o can_v resist_v even_o the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o invade_v they_o and_o which_o be_v also_o very_o remarkable_a in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o denmark_n the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n or_o principal_a town_n which_o constitute_v the_o three_o estate_n or_o commons_o in_o those_o kingdom_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o these_o kingdom_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v can_v all_o agree_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o government_n about_o the_o same_o time_n unless_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o particular_a temper_n and_o genius_n of_o the_o german_a and_o gothick_n nation_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v or_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o these_o nation_n and_o their_o king_n find_v the_o like_a convenience_n from_o these_o great_a council_n and_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o want_n of_o they_o shall_v all_o conspire_v to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o each_o of_o these_o particular_a kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o institution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n may_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n itself_o in_o several_a of_o those_o kingdom_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v at_o first_o elective_a but_o what_o be_v that_o to_o england_n where_o our_o monarchy_n have_v be_v by_o succession_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o it_o and_o not_o elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o do_v i_o much_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o mirror_n as_o to_o the_o great_a antiquity_n he_o ascribe_v to_o this_o assembly_n of_o count_n or_o comites_fw-la as_o bracton_n call_v they_o and_o in_o which_o by_o the_o way_n no_o commons_o be_v mention_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v very_o ancient_a yet_o that_o it_o whole_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o indulgence_n of_o our_o king_n 34._o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v always_o a_o necessity_n of_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n in_o a_o learned_a treatise_n write_v on_o that_o subject_a wherein_o he_o prove_v that_o in_o all_o consultation_n of_o state_n and_o decision_n of_o private_a plaint_n it_o be_v clear_a from_o all_o time_n the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o present_a to_o advise_v but_o also_o to_o determine_v and_o whensoever_o the_o king_n be_v present_a all_o power_n of_o judge_v which_o be_v derive_v from_o he_o cease_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o lord_n may_v serve_v for_o matter_n of_o advice_n the_o final_a judgement_n be_v only_o the_o king_n but_o indeed_o of_o late_a year_n queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o sex_n be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o public_a assembly_n have_v bring_v it_o out_o of_o use_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o former_a time_n act_v by_o king_n themselves_o have_v of_o late_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o peer_n who_o in_o quality_n of_o judge_n extraordinary_a be_v permit_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o king_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o determine_v such_o matter_n as_o be_v ancient_o bring_v before_o the_o king_n himself_o sit_v in_o person_n attend_v by_o his_o great_a council_n of_o prelate_n and_o peer_n and_o the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v make_v there_o receive_v their_o establishment_n either_o from_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n where_o his_o chair_n of_o state_n be_v constant_o place_v or_o at_o least_o from_o his_o confirmation_n of_o they_o who_o in_o all_o court_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n be_v supreme_a judge_n all_o judgement_n be_v by_o or_o under_o he_o and_o can_v be_v without_o much_o less_o against_o his_o approbation_n the_o king_n only_o and_o none_o but_o he_o if_o he_o be_v able_a shall_v judge_v all_o cause_n say_v bracton_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n have_v hitherto_o exercise_v for_o the_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o criminal_a by_o way_n of_o appeal_n not_o only_o between_o subject_n but_o also_o in_o all_o accusation_n against_o the_o lord_n themselves_o proceed_v whole_o from_o the_o king_n which_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a precedent_n 937._o mention_v by_o abbot_n brampton_n in_o his_o history_n it_o be_v the_o case_n between_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n who_o the_o king_n accuse_v for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n prince_n alfred_n before_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v that_o after_o the_o earl_n have_v put_v himself_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n the_o king_n thereupon_o say_v you_o noble_a lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n i._n e._n thanes_z of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege-man_n now_o gather_v here_o together_o and_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_n i_o will_v that_o in_o this_o appeal_n between_o we_o you_o decree_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v true_a justice_n and_o upon_o their_o judgement_n that_o the_o earl_n shall_v make_v the_o king_n sufficient_a satisfaction_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n be_v thereof_o inform_v and_o not_o willing_a to_o contradict_v it_o the_o historian_n there_o say_v he_o ratify_v all_o they_o have_v judge_v i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o other_o precedent_n of_o latter_a date_n be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a but_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o what_o the_o pâers_v act_v in_o this_o matter_n be_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a will_n and_o permission_n i_o shall_v only_o conclude_v with_o one_o precedent_n more_o in_o case_n of_o some_o what_o alike_o nature_n it_o be_v that_o of_o hen._n spencer_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n 7_o rich._n 2d_o who_o be_v accuse_v foâ_n join_v with_o the_o french_a the_o bishop_n complain_v what_o be_v do_v against_o he_o do_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o assent_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o peer_n whereupon_o it_o be_v say_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o cognisance_n and_o punishment_n of_o his_o offence_n do_v of_o câmmon_a right_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n sole_o and_o whole_o belong_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o from_o all_o which_o i_o infer_v that_o the_o judicial_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n be_v mere_o derivative_a from_o and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o supreme_a power_n resiââing_v in_o the_o king_n from_o whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o peer_n have_v no_o power_n nor_o honour_n but_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâmotes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâââes_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâs_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
atque_fw-la supâ_n mânerâ_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d willem_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d alle_fw-mi my_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d on_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appââlabantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiââ_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâmbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtââuit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardârum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lândevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o be_v not_o and_o so_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o and_o thus_o contradistinguish_v than_o they_o be_v expressive_a of_o two_o different_a estate_n or_o condition_n of_o man_n or_o christian_n the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n or_o secular_a man_n and_o those_o be_v the_o optimates_fw-la terrae_fw-la the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o land_n before_o express_v neither_o be_v this_o council_z hold_v under_o a_o sole_a saxon_a monarch_n but_o under_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n only_o and_o that_o but_o eight_o year_n after_o augustin_n come_n hither_o and_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o seven_o kingdom_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o monarchy_n f._n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o concern_v at_o this_o answer_n since_o i_o can_v prove_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v be_v here_o understand_v somewhat_o more_o than_o king_n noblemen_z and_o judge_n viz._n the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o likewise_o or_o else_o the_o saxon_a witenagemotes_a be_v not_o what_o their_o title_n speak_v they_o to_o be_v common_z or_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o be_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o it_o there_o but_o only_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o clergy_n both_o superior_a and_o inferior_a i_o e._n as_o well_o the_o bishop_n as_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o clerk_n for_o the_o secular_a clergy_n and_o cathederal_n chapter_n etc._n etc._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o must_v be_v whole_o confine_v to_o your_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z and_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n and_o the_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n and_o why_o not_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n as_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n both_o patrician_n and_o plebeians_z when_o assemble_v in_o their_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la to_o make_v law_n or_o create_v magistrate_n the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n be_v not_o very_o material_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o council_n be_v hold_v before_o the_o heptarchy_n be_v unite_v into_o a_o monarchy_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o prove_v that_o as_o all_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o several_a nation_n of_o the_o same_o language_n and_o original_a so_o be_v they_o likewise_o under_o the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n and_o that_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o constituent_a member_n ãâã_d i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n from_o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o our_o present_a english_a monarchy_n and_o for_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o will._n of_o malmesbury_n and_o h._n huntingdon_n who_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a have_v see_v the_o ancient_a history_n and_o record_n of_o those_o time_n and_o they_o both_o agree_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o sigebert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n for_o tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n anno._n 754._o the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a which_o pray_v read_v unde_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la secundo_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la congregati_fw-la sunt_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populi_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o provida_fw-la deliberatione_n &_o unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la expulsus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la &_o kinewulfus_fw-la satus_fw-la ex_fw-la regio_fw-la sanguine_fw-la electus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v a_o plain_a difference_n make_v between_o the_o high_a nobility_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n here_o style_v populi_n as_o also_o from_o another_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o the_o same_o king_n aethelbert_n as_o it_o be_v mention_v by_o roger_n hoveden_n domestic_a to_o king_n hen._n ii_o in_o the_o 2d_o part_n of_o his_o annal_n where_o among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o which_o he_o write_v to_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._o you_o will_v find_v under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr aptbââs_n &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la minutis_fw-la decimis_fw-la which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o former_a king_n and_o particular_o by_o this_o king_n ethelbert_n these_o word_n haec_fw-la entân_fw-la sanctus_n ãâã_d praedicavit_fw-la &_o docuât_v &_o haec_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la so_o that_o it_o populusâere_o âere_z do_v not_o signify_v a_o order_n of_o man_n contradistinct_a from_o the_o baron_n or_o great_a lord_n it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n with_o a_o witness_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v if_o this_o authority_n you_o now_o urge_v have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n to_o which_o it_o be_v ascribe_v it_o will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o word_n baronibus_fw-la not_o use_v in_o england_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o after_o that_o time_n by_o some_o ignorant_a monk_n to_o the_o confessor_n law_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o bring_v it_o viz._n that_o the_o vulâââ_n understand_v for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o law_n make_v by_o king_n aethelbert_n 298._o but_o how_o and_o by_o what_o word_n the_o legislator_n be_v express_v near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o law_n be_v make_v or_o how_o they_o be_v render_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n transient_o and_o without_o design_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o they_o can_v be_v of_o much_o validity_n to_o prove_v who_o they_o be_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n be_v make_v or_o at_o least_o translate_v into_o norman_a latin_a after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n appear_v by_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la beside_o barones_n already_o mention_v militeâ_n servientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o norman_a word_n and_o not_o know_v here_o till_o their_o come_n hither_o he_o that_o will_v assert_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o single_a uncouth_a expression_n in_o one_o case_n and_o upon_o one_o occasion_n only_o bring_v but_o a_o slender_a proof_n for_o that_o he_o say_v so_o will_n any_o man_n think_v because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o one_o of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o perhaps_o no_o where_o else_o concern_v this_o king_n coronation_n quod_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la persona_fw-la ââam_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o sacerdotio_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la jurare_fw-la ante_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la &_o episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la coronetur_fw-la that_o the_o priest_n be_v not_o clergyman_n nor_o the_o clergyman_n priest_n and_o that_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v neither_o many_o other_o uncoath_a expression_n do_v often_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a monk_n which_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o common_a usage_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o see_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o for_o two_o or_o near_o three_o century_n of_o year_n afterward_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v be_v not_o call_v nor_o do_v come_v to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o those_o time_n so_o that_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v here_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o which_o be_v then_o all_o one_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la the_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v
call_v catalogus_fw-la gloriae_fw-la mundi_fw-la write_v on_o this_o subject_n where_o in_o his_o 8_o the_o part_n consid_n 18._o he_o have_v this_o among_o other_o comment_n on_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la etiam_fw-la causatur_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la quoniam_fw-la civis_fw-la ex_fw-la urbe_fw-la splendida_fw-la oriundus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la for_o which_o he_o there_o give_v many_o authority_n and_o this_o title_n he_o look_v upon_o as_o due_a also_o to_o country_n gentleman_n live_v upon_o the_o husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o annual_a rent_n and_o that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v be_v often_o understand_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n common_o call_v in_o old_a french_a grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o can_v give_v you_o sufficient_a authority_n now_o this_o word_n magnates_n be_v always_o render_v in_o our_o old_a french_a by_o grantz_n 95._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o in_o 16._o dorso_fw-la you_o will_v find_v this_o title_n inhibitio_fw-la ne_fw-la qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n ãâã_d abqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o word_n magnates_n be_v apply_v to_o knight_n at_o least_o as_o well_o as_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o among_o the_o common_a writ_n of_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 34_o edw._n i._o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o cinque-port_n be_v call_v magnate_v so_o also_o in_o the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o de_fw-la servientibus_fw-la it_o be_v there_o enact_v per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-fr les_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr prelatz_n countess_n ãâã_d &_o autres_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr communalte_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr also_o in_o the_o statute-book_n print_v in_o french_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n 27_o e._n 3._o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v express_o call_v grantz_n des_fw-fr counties_n and_o last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o superlative_a optimus_fw-la it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n in_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n 189._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n of_o london_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n qui_fw-la pro_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la civitatis_fw-la optimates_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a knight_n but_o also_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v remarkable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o estate_n or_o office_n in_o city_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n appear_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n book_n 64._o keep_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n where_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1229._o be_v the_o 13_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâaes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la âermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la ãâã_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr âently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shirâ_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yoââ_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o ãâã_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ_n iâ_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o âââons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâe_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v ãâã_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v ãâã_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n ãâã_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n ãâã_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o ãâã_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâsire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâfounded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barââgii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâlman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o ãâã_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la ãâã_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâââ_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâââ_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniââsis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nââ_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la âââdatorum_fw-la baâonium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12ââ_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâââ_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v ãâã_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a ãâã_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youââ_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâtius_fw-la communitatâs_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assântments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o sense_n and_o therefore_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n i._o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v or_o english_v by_o the_o word_n commons_o who_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v be_v then_o above_o once_o call_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v often_o call_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o allow_v they_o be_v often_o so_o style_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 219._o but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o this_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n since_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o being_n most_o common_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o election_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n in_o each_o county_n and_o no_o other_o who_o be_v choose_v to_o represent_v the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n or_o they_o and_o all_o the_o other_o military_a tenant_n by_o mean_a tenure_n for_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n for_o their_o liberty_n will_v part_v with_o this_o main_a point_n of_o be_v personal_o present_a or_o else_o the_o body_n of_o they_o represent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n in_o every_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o title_n of_o notable_a knight_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o only_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o suitor_n to_o the_o county_n court_v 19_o be_v the_o elector_n and_o this_o be_v very_o likely_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n and_o also_o why_o the_o statute_n 18_o the_o hen._n vi_o 15._o by_o which_o any_o man_n that_o have_v 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n of_o any_o tenure_n who_o be_v before_o permit_v to_o be_v a_o elector_n be_v alter_v by_o 10_o the_o hen._n vi_o and_o so_o explain_v that_o none_o but_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n shall_v afterward_o be_v elector_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n 2._o viz._n 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o very_o ordinary_a men._n for_o ancient_o soon_o after_o or_o near_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v very_o few_o or_o no_o great_a socâagâ_n that_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v great_a estate_n in_o soccage_n and_o neither_o the_o small_a one_o 29._o nor_o the_o nativi_fw-la or_o copyholder_n be_v repute_v liberi_fw-la ot_fw-mi legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o before_o mention_v or_o perform_v the_o service_n proper_a to_o such_o military_a tenant_n or_o those_o to_o who_o they_o have_v alienate_v part_n of_o their_o fe_n but_o since_o i_o have_v tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o wrangle_v about_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a take_v a_o short_a cut_n and_o give_v you_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o hen._n ii_o and_o rich._n i._n which_o together_o with_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la will_v i_o think_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o in_o conscience_n that_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v so_o summon_v before_o 49_o the_o h._n iii_o when_o they_o be_v call_v but_o once_o till_o above_o twenty_o year_n after_o will_v be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o task_n f._n i_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n very_o well_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o love_v pedantic_a dispute_n about_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o word_n as_o little_a as_o yourself_o unless_o where_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o indeed_o you_o have_v render_v it_o so_o by_o raise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o general_a word_n whereby_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o historian_n have_v style_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o clear_v i_o think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o some_o more_o solid_a argument_n but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o that_o i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o yourself_o do_v allow_v that_o in_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o lâ_n commune_v when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v incredible_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n shall_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o 48_o the_o hen_n iii_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edw._n i._o begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o those_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o quite_o another_o sense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n record_n or_o historian_n of_o that_o or_o succeed_a age_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o it_o be_v understand_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o question_n i_o can_v but_o rectify_v a_o great_a mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o adhere_v to_o the_o dr._n with_o too_o implicit_a a_o faith_n for_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v call_v ancient_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaââ_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâmus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâo_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la târas_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o ââ_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sââs_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prââââtihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâââgendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâââtis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o âow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o liâtleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n iâ_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o thaâ_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o if_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v concur_v here_o have_v be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a university_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v notwistanding_n it_o seem_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o another_o body_n of_o man_n call_v here_o the_o communis_fw-la vniversitas_fw-la by_o which_o must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o or_o no_o body_n since_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v all_o agree_v together_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o story_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n look_v somewhat_o plausible_a at_o the_o first_o on_o your_o side_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n for_o what_o if_o by_o this_o common_a university_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o not_o âitting_v with_o the_o lord_n at_o that_o time_n they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regââ_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâhes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerânt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a beyond_o doubt_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o common_a university_n f._n then_o pray_v tell_v i_o who_o they_o be_v for_o the_o historian_n tell_v that_o when_o all_o these_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n have_v now_o meet_v together_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o these_o last_o âell_v they_o that_o without_o the_o common_a university_n they_o can_v do_v nothing_o which_o have_v be_v nonsense_n if_o as_o your_o doctor_n suppose_v the_o whole_a university_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v all_o present_a m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o be_v a_o material_a objection_n but_o what_o if_o to_o help_v he_o out_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o by_o the_o common_a university_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la under_o the_o degree_n of_o baron_n and_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v not_o have_v be_v present_a and_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v this_o proposal_n therefore_o the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o till_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o common_a universty_a or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o though_o this_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v not_o then_o actual_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n who_o be_v here_o express_o say_v to_o have_v consult_v by_o themselves_o must_v have_v do_v so_o likewise_o therefore_o though_o our_o author_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v yet_o certain_o this_o common_a university_n be_v thereupon_o consult_v and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o this_o committee_n of_o twelve_o who_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o the_o lord_n excuse_v as_o well_o as_o the_o election_n of_o these_o person_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z etc._n etc._n have_v be_v very_o insignificant_a f._n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o precarious_a assertion_n and_o without_o any_o due_a proof_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o these_o word_n do_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o not_o for_o yourself_o confess_v that_o mat._n paris_n be_v short_a in_o this_o point_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o i_o by_o this_o material_a circumstance_n that_o not_o one_o person_n of_o the_o twelve_o but_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o great_a baron_n for_o that_o richard_n de_fw-fr monâsichet_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr baliot_n be_v so_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n have_v prove_v in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n 1._o whereas_o if_o the_o university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v join_v in_o this_o election_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o they_o will_v have_v choose_v some_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o committee_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n or_o baron_n since_o yourself_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o then_o be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o lord_n nor_o do_v at_o this_o time_n sit_v or_o act_n joint_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a baron_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o likewise_o it_o far_a seem_v high_o probable_a that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n do_v not_o give_v any_o resolution_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o money_n give_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n request_n but_o only_a complaint_n of_o and_o order_n about_o redress_v of_o grievance_n which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n often_o do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o now_o by_o some_o other_o record_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o 197._o that_o there_o often_o be_v a_o distinct_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 10._o the_o first_o record_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 42._o hen._n iii_o beginning_n thus_o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la arduis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o râgnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o many_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n before_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n we_o find_v the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la come_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o in_o our_o own_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o after_o those_o reign_v we_o find_v no_o more_o mention_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la but_o only_o of_o the_o duke_n earls_z baron_n liberi_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o in_o the_o title_n to_o those_o statute_n of_o k._n robert_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o james_n the_o 5_o the_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yet_o that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v not_o ancient_o take_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v see_v the_o 14_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o k._n alexander_n the_o 2_o d._n make_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1214._o with_o your_o doctor_n comment_n upon_o they_o statutum_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopi_fw-la nec_fw-la abbates_n nec_fw-la comites_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqui_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_fw-la svas_fw-la nisi_fw-la vicecome_fw-la regis_fw-la 98._o vel_fw-la servientes_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la fuerant_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n the_o doctor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n have_v this_o remark_n viz._n this_o again_o show_v we_o that_o the_o freeholder_n be_v lord_n of_o manor_n at_o least_o so_o that_o unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o hold_v court_n as_o certain_o very_o many_o of_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v this_o word_n libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la must_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o great_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o whatsoever_o lord_n he_o hold_v it_o and_o as_o such_o may_v ancient_o have_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o that_o parliament_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v as_o i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v certain_o signify_v another_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ay_o i_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n to_o believe_v it_o be_v so_o in_o scotland_n too_o not_o only_o because_o these_o general_a word_n communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o to_o express_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o can_v never_o represent_v all_o the_o great_a freeholder_n in_o scotland_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o england_n but_o also_o because_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o scotch_a lawyer_n that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o kingdom_n for_o sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o k._n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n say_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v in_o parliament_n concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o doctor_n strange_a partiality_n who_o do_v allow_v the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n to_o have_v even_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n when_o he_o express_o grant_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n royal_a burrough_n be_v such_o as_o ever_o do_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o scotland_n only_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o why_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v always_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n as_o well_o as_o in_o scotland_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n m._n since_o you_o own_o that_o the_o tenant_n capite_fw-la or_o else_o commissioner_n in_o their_o stead_n have_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n for_o above_o 200_o year_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v so_o long_o before_o that_o time_n since_o you_o confess_v you_o can_v show_v any_o law_n by_o which_o this_o ancient_a custom_n come_v to_o be_v change_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o statute_n before_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o you_o must_v not_o suppose_v that_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n alter_v when_o the_o clerk_n alter_v their_o phrase_n in_o pen_v their_o statute_n and_o record_n so_o that_o this_o communitas_fw-la be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o not_o of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o can_v say_v that_o all_o the_o people_n in_o scotland_n have_v ever_o a_o right_a to_o choose_v the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n for_o then_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a they_o will_v have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n whereas_o we_o see_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o coplie_n have_v vote_n at_o such_o election_n and_o as_o for_o city_n and_o burrough_n i_o can_v find_v nor_o do_v i_o believe_v you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o instance_n of_o a_o city_n or_o burrough-town_n in_o scotland_n that_o ever_o send_v deputy_n to_o parliament_n but_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o there_o be_v at_z i_o say_v already_o beside_o the_o royal_a burgh_n two_o other_o sort_n viz._n burrough_n of_o regality_n and_o burrough_n of_o barony_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n but_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o some_o bishop_n or_o temporal_a lord_n and_o though_o divers_a of_o these_o be_v considerable_a for_o trade_n and_o riches_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v three_o estate_n in_o the_o scotch_a parliament_n call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o the_o treâ_n communitates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v these_o always_o consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o therefore_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o doctor_n and_o we_o that_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v that_o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o all_o represent_v before_o 49_o hen._n 4._o but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o by_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o lord_n and_o admit_v that_o i_o shall_v grant_v you_o that_o some_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o yet_o be_v they_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o as_o the_o doctor_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p_n argument_n from_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o gain_v by_o you_o in_o this_o controversy_n than_o that_o perhaps_o some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o constitute_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n which_o you_o may_v call_v the_o commons_o if_o you_o please_v though_o i_o can_v find_v they_o be_v so_o call_v till_o after_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o your_o republican_n level_v opinion_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o ancient_a indisputable_a right_n of_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o propriety_n in_o land_n or_o other_o estate_n whereas_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o suppose_v the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n to_o have_v ancient_o be_v the_o king_n courtbaron_n consist_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n call_v thither_o by_o he_o their_o supreme_a lord_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o propose_v what_o new_a law_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o together_o with_o he_o to_o raise_v such_o public_a tax_n both_o upon_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n require_v yet_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o your_o notion_n and_o i_o concern_v the_o right_n which_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v claim_v of_o come_v to_o parliament_n since_o before_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o
why_o the_o commons_o can_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n m._n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o do_v it_o and_o for_o this_o end_n shall_v reduce_v my_o argument_n to_o these_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v some_o writ_n find_v out_o and_o produce_v by_o the_o doctor_n whereby_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o summon_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 49th_o second_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o all_o statute_n in_o hân_n iii_o reign_n wherein_o be_v not_o one_o word_n mention_v of_o the_o commons_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a three_o the_o critical_a time_n viz._n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v during_o monsfords_n rebellion_n four_a their_o discontinuance_n from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nor_o yet_o of_o ed._n i._n till_o the_o 18_o in_o which_o the_o doctor_n show_v you_o a_o writ_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o before_o by_o which_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v a_o new_a to_o parliament_n last_o from_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n whether_o for_o one_o knight_n or_o two_o knight_n and_o sometime_o no_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o all_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o institution_n as_o also_o of_o some_o parliamentary_a form_n relate_v to_o the_o commons_o which_o show_v that_o neither_o their_o number_n nor_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v settle_v long_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n to_o begin_v therefore_o with_o the_o first_o head_n i_o know_v the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n make_v a_o great_a noise_n about_o the_o loss_n or_o rather_o defect_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o all_o the_o king_n till_o the_o 23d_o or_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n so_o that_o we_o can_v be_v so_o well_o assure_v what_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n as_o we_o may_v be_v afterward_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o writ_n of_o summons_n extant_a upon_o the_o close_a roll_n before_o and_o in_o those_o time_n dein_fw-ge by_o which_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n and_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorseâ_n of_o which_o ancient_o most_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o other_o king_n reign_n be_v enter_v few_o on_o the_o patent_n roll_n which_o we_o have_v likewise_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o strange_a if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o summon_v to_o parliament_n as_o at_o this_o day_n that_o there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o summons_n to_o they_o upon_o these_o roll_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v for_o our_o satisfaction_n find_v out_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o lord_n one_o in_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o two_o other_o of_o hen_n iii_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n 6_o of_o king_n john_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n dor_n which_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v verbatim_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o material_a word_n of_o this_o writ_n where_o after_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o summon_v particular_o express_v it_o conclude_v thus_o expedit_fw-la habere_fw-la vestrum_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la quos_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la ilium_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocari_fw-la dor_n the_o second_o be_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 26_o hen._n iii_o direct_v to_o w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n wherein_o he_o be_v likewise_o summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quos_fw-la similiter_fw-la fecimus_fw-la convocaâi_fw-la de_fw-la arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la statum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la with_o this_o note_n underneath_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o 38th_o of_o the_o same_o king_n direct_v to_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 93._o whereby_o he_o be_v summon_v to_o be_v at_o westminster_n within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o hillary_n next_o come_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwail_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o gascony_n and_o this_o very_a council_n mat._n paris_n anno._n dom._n 1254._o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o all_o the_o magnate_v or_o great_a man_n of_o england_n come_v together_o the_o day_n of_o which_o meeting_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v the_o 6_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o february_n be_v st._n iulian_n day_n and_o which_o fall_v one_o within_o fifteen_o day_n after_o st._n hillary_n day_n which_o be_v that_o appoint_v for_o the_o meeting_n of_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n may_v be_v be_v far_o make_v out_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o earl_n richard_n to_o the_o king_n then_o in_o gascony_n 50._o which_o be_v recite_v by_o mat._n paris_n in_o his_o additament_n in_o these_o word_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n regina_fw-la &_o richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la cornubiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la recipimus_fw-la literas_fw-la vestras_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n domini_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o crastino_n sancti_fw-la hillarii_n convocaremus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o member_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o universal_a silence_n concern_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o you_o and_o those_o of_o your_o party_n suppose_v from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n most_o of_o which_o though_o i_o confess_v be_v lose_v yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v f._n you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n than_o what_o you_o now_o offer_v for_o if_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o on_o the_o dorse_n of_o which_o you_o tell_v i_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n use_v to_o be_v enter_v then_o certain_o those_o to_o the_o lord_n be_v there_o enter_v also_o and_o if_o so_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o above_o eighty_o year_n time_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v above_o eighty_o parliament_n you_o can_v show_v i_o but_o three_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o those_o only_a to_o as_o many_o bishop_n and_o to_o no_o temporal_a lord_n at_o all_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v parliament_n and_o not_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o as_o i_o rather_o believe_v they_o be_v for_o you_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o you_o doctor_n credit_n when_o you_o allege_v that_o we_o have_v all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o have_v have_v a_o friend_n who_o have_v give_v i_o a_o note_n of_o what_o close_a roll_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o those_o reign_v and_o what_o be_v lose_v which_o you_o may_v here_o see_v to_o begin_v with_o king_n john_n pray_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v go_v and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 9th_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 13_o for_o certain_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o succeed_a year_n in_o the_o next_o place_n till_o the_o 18_o there_o be_v but_o one_o roll_n leave_v of_o each_o year_n but_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o after_o that_o but_o one_o or_o two_o in_o a_o year_n to_o the_o very_a end_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o one_o roll_n in_o every_o precedent_a year_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v more_o entire_a than_o those_o of_o king_n john_n there_o be_v some_o leave_v we_o of_o every_o year_n but_o the_o 23d_o yet_o they_o be_v but_o
a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o one_o may_v be_v lose_v sure_o the_o other_o may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v produce_v be_v not_o any_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o i_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v not_o only_o because_o the_o title_n to_o the_o last_o writ_n be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o not_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o also_o because_o mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n who_o certain_o must_v have_v see_v all_o these_o writ_n as_o well_o as_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v as_o able_a to_o judge_n of_o they_o never_o cite_v they_o for_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n observe_v of_o several_a writ_n in_o which_o the_o like_a word_n of_o summon_v the_o lord_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n be_v likewise_o find_v that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o such_o council_n or_o treatise_n which_o be_v frequent_o use_v as_o low_a as_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o but_o if_o these_o writ_n have_v be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n sure_a mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o bewail_v as_o they_o so_o often_o do_v the_o loss_n of_o not_o only_o of_o parliament_n roll_n but_o of_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n both_o to_o lord_n and_o commons_o except_o those_o of_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edw._n i._n but_o pray_v go_v on_o if_o you_o please_v to_o make_v good_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o position_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o m._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v you_o though_o it_o be_v true_a most_o of_o our_o parliament_n roll_n be_v lose_v both_o from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o statute_n that_o there_o be_v no_o commons_o in_o any_o parliament_n during_o all_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o except_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o that_o king_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o parliament_n we_o have_v of_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o 20_o of_o this_o king_n at_o merton_n where_o though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v provide_v and_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n as_o other_o yet_o the_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la and_o other_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o go_v you_o may_v say_v you_o have_v prove_v it_o but_o i_o know_v not_o when_o and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o good_a a_o face_n maintain_v that_o these_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la do_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o if_o the_o word_n baron_n must_v take_v in_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o sometime_o you_o suppose_v it_o do_v when_o no_o other_o lay-member_n be_v mention_v but_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o barones_n be_v a_o cheveral_a word_n and_o to_o be_v stretch_v or_o contract_v as_o best_a suit_n with_o your_o hypothesis_n so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o great_a reason_n suppose_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n and_o the_o commons_o under_o aliis_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o which_o be_v also_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n iii_o but_o you_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v their_o representative_n both_o at_o the_o make_n and_o confirm_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o proof_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_a will_v come_v to_o late_o though_o i_o shall_v patient_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o produce_v from_o statute_n and_o record_n which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o consider_v pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o that_o year_n and_o never_o before_o nor_o after_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n for_o they_o both_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o improbable_a supposition_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n as_o i_o can_v of_o this_o transaction_n first_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o simon_n monâfort_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o faction_n have_v take_v king_n hen._n iii_o dein_fw-ge and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n he_o carry_v they_o about_o with_o he_o till_o they_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o call_v together_o at_o london_n the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o that_o faction_n which_o so_o seditious_o hold_v their_o king_n prisoner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o committee_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o twelve_o lord_n who_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n or_o at_o least_o of_o three_o of_o they_o no_o affair_n in_o the_o king_n household_n or_o in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v transact_v and_o to_o these_o ordinance_n the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n be_v force_v to_o agree_v and_o though_o the_o record_n of_o this_o agreement_n recite_v that_o this_o ordinance_n dorso_n be_v make_v at_o london_n by_o the_o consent_n good-like_a and_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o of_o the_o community_n there_o present_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a record_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o this_o agreement_n be_v sign_v only_o by_o some_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n witness_v to_o it_o but_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n who_o yourself_o will_v grant_v be_v no_o parliament_n man._n after_o which_o simon_n montfort_n the_o better_a to_o settle_v himself_o in_o his_o usurp_v power_n and_o in_o those_o land_n and_o castle_n which_o himself_o and_o those_o of_o his_o faction_n have_v unjust_o wrest_v from_o prince_n edward_n who_o be_v now_o also_o a_o prisoner_n have_v deliver_v himself_o as_o a_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n send_v out_o writ_n in_o the_o king_n name_n unto_o divers_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o to_o such_o of_o the_o nobleman_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o party_n to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n next_o ensue_v and_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n schâdula_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o it_o be_v thus_o recite_v âeodem_fw-la moâo_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la episcopo_fw-la carleol_n as_o also_o to_o divers_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n all_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o faction_n there_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o summon_v more_o than_o ever_o be_v i_o believe_v before_o or_o since_o and_o then_o follow_v a_o short_a
writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ_n â_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o for_o the_o settle_n of_o tranquillity_n and_o peace_n in_o the_o nation_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o prince_n edward_n release_n can_v not_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o this_o parliament_n whatever_o other_o business_n may_v be_v dispatch_v so_o that_o thing_n still_o remain_v in_o this_o uncertain_a condition_n the_o king_n be_v all_o this_o time_n a_o mere_a shadow_n until_o such_o time_n as_o simon_n montfort_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fall_v out_o the_o latter_a at_o last_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o join_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o surry_n and_o pembroke_n to_o who_o also_o come_v prince_n edward_n after_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n from_o hereford_n they_o altogether_o raise_v considerable_a force_n against_o monfort_n who_o meet_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n near_o evesham_n monfort_n with_o one_o of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n and_o knight_n be_v slay_v and_o all_o his_o party_n rout_v now_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o very_a clear_a account_n from_o the_o history_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v to_o parliament_n by_o monfort_n during_o his_o rebellion_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v also_o give_v you_o very_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n to_o back_v they_o why_o they_o be_v again_o discontinue_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n until_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o f._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o my_o opinion_n of_o your_o narrative_a by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v satisfy_v i_o in_o one_o or_o two_o question_n pray_v sir_n what_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o we_o can_v find_v but_o twenty_o three_o earl_n and_o baron_n summon_v of_o that_o great_a number_n there_o be_v then_o and_o only_o to_o thirteen_o bishop_n in_o this_o parliament_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v summon_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o but_o five_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n church_n pray_o why_o may_v not_o these_o numerous_a baron_n be_v trust_v as_o well_o as_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n m._n as_o for_o his_o not_o summon_v all_o the_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o put_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o room_n 143._o there_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o viz._n the_o danger_n that_o simon_n monford_n and_o his_o privado_n apprehend_v from_o the_o too_o great_a concourse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o their_o great_a retinueâ_n and_o the_o example_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o baron_n practice_n at_o oxford_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 42_o d._n of_o henry_n the_o three_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o they_o alter_v the_o ancient_a usage_n and_o of_o their_o send_v writ_n out_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n as_o also_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n to_o send_v two_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n respective_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n summon_v be_v 139._o because_o simon_n monfort_n think_v himself_o sure_a of_o they_o he_o be_v a_o great_a zealot_n and_o a_o godly_a man_n in_o those_o time_n and_o a_o great_a minion_n of_o these_o religious_a man_n as_o then_o call_v as_o also_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o they_o be_v at_o least_o seem_o great_a favourite_n of_o he_o f._n i_o must_v confess_v there_o be_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n why_o simon_n monfort_n shall_v summon_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o this_o parliament_n if_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o all_o their_o vote_n before_o hand_n but_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o this_o for_o if_o he_o have_v be_v so_o sure_a of_o they_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v call_v they_o all_o likewise_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o london_n which_o you_o say_v he_o summon_v the_o year_n before_o when_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o he_o make_v the_o new_a ordinance_n you_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v find_v in_o any_o historian_n or_o record_n that_o he_o then_o summon_v so_o many_o of_o they_o and_o it_o seem_v pretty_a strange_a that_o all_o these_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o dean_n not_o a_o four_o part_n of_o which_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v all_o take_v the_o trouble_n to_o come_v to_o this_o parliament_n without_o any_o scruple_n if_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o be_v summon_v before_o but_o the_o other_o reason_n you_o give_v why_o so_o many_o earl_n and_o baron_n shall_v be_v omit_v be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a for_o if_o the_o numerous_a baron_n factious_a practice_n at_o oxford_n have_v before_o frustrate_v monfort_n design_n there_o have_v be_v indeed_o some_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o have_v hinder_v their_o come_n again_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o the_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n though_o they_o come_v thither_o with_o arm_n and_o great_a retinue_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o to_o join_v with_o he_o and_o to_o force_v the_o king_n to_o agree_v to_o the_o oxford_n provision_n but_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v as_o you_o suppose_v to_o curb_v the_o extravagant_a power_n of_o the_o lord_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v his_o interest_n or_o indeed_o in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v not_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v too_o powerful_a and_o numerous_a a_o body_n to_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o affront_n and_o breach_n on_o their_o right_n as_o this_o be_v nor_o can_v he_o and_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o companion_n have_v ever_o dare_v to_o have_v displease_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o you_o must_v allow_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a then_o be_v and_o who_o make_v such_o a_o powerful_a opposition_n for_o their_o liberty_n in_o king_n john_n time_n or_o that_o they_o will_v have_v thus_o tame_o permit_v man_n whole_o of_o the_o sheriff_n choice_n to_o have_v thus_o take_v away_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o make_v law_n for_o they_o much_o less_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n most_o of_o who_o be_v certain_o not_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o yet_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v for_o monfort_n interest_n so_o to_o do_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v of_o his_o side_n already_o and_o thus_o to_o ââclude_v they_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o disoblige_v they_o and_o make_v they_o leave_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n side_n so_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n grant_v monfort_n to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o knave_n and_o hypocrite_n as_o you_o make_v he_o yet_o certain_o he_o be_v no_o fool_n but_o a_o great_a politician_n and_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o do_v so_o silly_a and_o unpolitick_a a_o thing_n as_o this_o for_o grant_v all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o have_v be_v of_o his_o side_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o can_v no_o way_n counterbalance_v the_o great_a power_n of_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o numerous_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v all_o hereby_o exclude_v so_o that_o let_v the_o commons_o have_v be_v summon_v when_o you_o will_v it_o be_v certain_o before_o this_o 49_o âh_a of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n why_o so_o few_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 49_o of_o hen._n 3_o d_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v
to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n but_o i_o think_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n for_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n whereto_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o commons_o summon_v as_o before_o but_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o magnates_n alone_a seize_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o also_o they_o give_v he_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o late_a rebel_n and_o then_o there_o be_v after_o this_o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o kenelworth_n in_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o six_o person_n who_o be_v all_o except_o one_o either_o bishop_n or_o baron_n shall_v choose_v six_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a twelve_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v disinherit_v for_o their_o late_a rebellion_n and_o their_o determination_n or_o award_n be_v call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-la kenelworth_n and_o be_v make_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o disinherited_a and_o to_o turn_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n into_o a_o composition_n for_o they_o after_o the_o value_n of_o five_o year_n purchase_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o two_o or_o three_o short_a payment_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o to_o this_o parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v at_o all_o summon_v but_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o statute_n give_v we_o all_o their_o name_n yet_o the_o doctor_n further_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n baronage_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o but_o what_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n or_o a_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o have_v there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n they_o will_v certain_o have_v have_v commissioner_n of_o their_o own_o order_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n f._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a answer_n to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o winchester_n and_o kenelworth_n as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o must_v own_o that_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v 144._o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n than_o that_o writ_n or_o commission_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o which_o recite_v that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o magnatum_fw-la or_o great_a man_n as_o the_o doctor_n render_v it_o the_o king_n have_v the_o seisin_n and_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o rebel_n estate_n give_v to_o he_o which_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o commons_o be_v there_o since_o i_o have_v so_o often_o make_v out_o that_o under_o this_o wordâ_n magnatum_fw-la not_o only_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v often_o comprehend_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o writ_n extant_a to_o prove_v the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o if_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a invention_n of_o montfort_n to_o summon_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a as_o good_a policy_n for_o this_o king_n to_o continue_v so_o politic_a a_o institution_n which_o will_v for_o the_o future_a serve_v for_o so_o good_a a_o balance_n not_o only_o against_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o his_o great_a lord_n also_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n at_o kenelworth_n i_o shall_v admit_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o from_o mat._n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o the_o twelve_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n be_v choose_v de_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o prudentioribus_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la and_o also_o that_o the_o french_a record_n cite_v by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâlâbridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâr_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
be_v particular_a direction_n since_o by_o the_o general_a writ_n of_o summons_n provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o minor_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o only_o the_o more_o discreet_a be_v then_o summon_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o preamble_n the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n of_o any_o writ_n direct_v to_o county_n city_n or_o burgh_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o member_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o britton_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v this_o statute_n to_o have_v be_v make_v 95._o per_fw-la la_fw-fr purveance_n de_fw-fr robert_n walerand_n &_o per_fw-la commune_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr graunt_n signior_n du_fw-fr realm_n by_o the_o procurement_n or_o forecast_n of_o robert_n walerand_n and_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o have_v a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o statute_n to_o instance_n in_o which_o be_v say_v by_o m._n paris_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o several_a parliament_n of_o this_o king_n by_o the_o community_n or_o common_a university_n or_o baronage_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o i_o pass_v they_o by_o because_o we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v most_o of_o they_o already_o f._n if_o only_o some_o of_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v thus_o meet_v and_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o so_o tame_o put_v up_o this_o strange_a infringement_n of_o their_o privilege_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o seem_v their_o power_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o 37_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n when_o as_o i_o say_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o baron_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v then_o omit_v to_o summon_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o doctor_n opinion_n nor_o yet_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n that_o this_o king_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n call_v or_o omit_v what_o peer_n he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n year_n abbot_n and_o prior_n in_o full_a parliament_n 2_o rich._n 2._o wherein_o they_o claim_v that_o hold_v per_fw-la baronium_n it_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la râgni_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o be_v by_o right_n of_o prescription_n to_o be_v present_a in_o all_o parliament_n as_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o treat_v consult_v and_o ordain_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n claim_v this_o privilege_n sure_o the_o temporal_a baron_n may_v with_o the_o like_a right_n have_v make_v the_o like_a claim_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v high_o derogatory_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o maintain_v that_o the_o king_n either_o have_v or_o ever_o have_v the_o power_n of_o call_v and_o leave_v out_o what_o lord_n he_o please_v and_o so_o to_o make_v pack_v parliament_n to_o serve_v a_o turn_n when_o ever_o he_o please_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o your_o argument_n that_o because_o the_o more_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o great_a as_o well_o of_o the_o lessâr_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n that_o therefore_o there_o be_v only_o call_v to_o it_o such_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v leave_v out_o which_o be_v a_o very_a idle_a supposition_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o temporal_a baron_n there_o at_o all_o and_o that_o by_o the_o great_a discreet_a mân_z be_v to_o be_v understand_v some_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o judge_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v then_o the_o most_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o any_o person_n at_o that_o time_n and_o consequent_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o discreet_a to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o by_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o discreet_a man_n shall_v be_v understand_v such_o great_a clerk_n and_o lawyer_n though_o not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v as_o be_v likewise_o most_o able_a to_o advise_v he_o but_o if_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o this_o interpretation_n be_v force_v i_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o same_o of_o you_o and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o parliament_n be_v summon_v in_o no_o other_o manner_n and_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o those_o that_o use_v to_o appear_v in_o all_o other_o precede_v great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o must_v put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o bare_a pen_n of_o the_o different_a form_n of_o ancient_a statute_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o nor_o by_o what_o power_n they_o be_v enact_v some_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a be_v draw_v in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n or_o writ_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o assent_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o whole_a realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o list_n of_o divers_a old_a statute_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n iii_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n i_o think_v but_o will_v grant_v that_o these_o statute_n be_v all_o make_v and_o agree_v to_o by_o they_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a form_n though_o it_o be_v not_o particula_o express_v and_o therefore_o to_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o consider_v that_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v no_o more_o restrictive_a to_o some_o particular_a person_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o superlative_a degree_n and_o instead_o of_o discretioribus_fw-la it_o have_v be_v discretissimis_fw-la or_o sapientissimis_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o no_o man_n will_v interpret_v to_o mean_v only_o a_o few_o of_o those_o who_o the_o king_n shall_v judge_v the_o wise_a and_o most_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v not_o mind_v the_o grammatical_a but_o legal_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n and_o then_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o by_o the_o great_a discreet_a man_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o under_o the_o lesser_a discreet_a man_n be_v include_v the_o commons_o but_o that_o these_o minores_fw-la descreti_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n in_o these_o word_n provisiones_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la subscripta_fw-la âb_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la ipsius_fw-la incalis_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la &_o inviolabiliter_fw-la temporibus_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la staâneriâ_n observari_fw-la so_o that_o if_o by_o the_o majores_fw-la iâcolae_fw-la who_o be_v to_o observe_v these_o statute_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v mean_v then_o by_o the_o minores_fw-la incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o parity_n of_o reason_n by_o the_o minores_fw-la discreti_fw-la mention_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n must_v be_v also_o mean_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o alone_a can_v be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n may_v appear_v by_o compare_v this_o statute_n with_o another_o make_v at_o gloucester_n the_o 6_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o these_o word_n purvenant_n mâsm_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr pour_fw-fr amendment_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr royalme_n &_o pur_fw-it pluis_fw-it plenier_n exhibition_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr sicome_n le_fw-fr profit_n d'office_n demand_n appelles_fw-la les_fw-fr pluis_fw-it discretes_n the_o son_n royalme_n auxibien_fw-fr des_fw-fr greindres_n come_v des_fw-fr meindres_n establie_o est_fw-la &_o acordan'ment_n ordain_v so_o that_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o call_v to_o this_o parliament_n and_o if_o by_o the_o greindres_n discretes_n be_v understand_v the_o lord_n then_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n under_o meindres_n discretes_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o
commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n but_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o by_o a_o conventicle_n of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la summon_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la regis_fw-la appear_v by_o all_o the_o original_a writ_n found_v upon_o several_a branch_n of_o this_o statute_n whâch_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o register_n recite_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la 175._o now_o the_o word_n commune_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o general_n and_o how_o can_v this_o be_v call_v a_o general_n council_n which_o only_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o wise_a sort_n of_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o for_o what_o you_o and_o the_o doctor_n cite_v out_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n of_o king_n henry_n send_v writ_n of_o summons_n and_o cull_v out_o a_o few_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n out_o of_o a_o great_a multitude_n that_o be_v seditious_a after_o the_o war_n with_o the_o baron_n be_v end_v if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o extend_v to_o those_o who_o never_o forfeit_v by_o reason_n of_o montfort_n rebellion_n i_o need_v not_o say_v much_o to_o it_o 590._o since_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n have_v sufficient_o baffle_v that_o author_n authority_n for_o if_o it_o be_v never_o true_a as_o to_o earl_n it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v true_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n but_o as_o for_o your_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o know_v not_o but_o he_o may_v be_v much_o more_o in_o the_o right_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o what_o you_o say_v as_o to_o robert_n walrand_n be_v not_o much_o material_a for_o though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o great_a a_o baron_n or_o lawyer_n yet_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o this_o law_n but_o as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o king_n council_n who_o in_o those_o day_n draw_v up_o and_o prepare_v all_o bill_n that_o be_v offer_v in_o parliament_n and_o thus_o britton_n may_v well_o say_v that_o this_o be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n this_o act_n be_v so_o high_o for_o their_o advantage_n and_o yet_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v also_o there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a lord_n for_o otherwise_o if_o britton_n must_v be_v literal_o understand_v what_o become_v of_o your_o minores_fw-la discreti_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v give_v their_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o majores_fw-la whereas_o this_o author_n mention_n none_o at_o who_o request_n it_o be_v make_v but_o the_o great_a lord_n only_o but_o that_o by_o these_o minores_fw-la incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v mean_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n pray_v see_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n the_o 24_o of_o edward_n i._o with_o the_o doctor_n note_v upon_o it_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n dorso_n and_o conclude_v thus_o 155._o that_o he_o shall_v warn_v the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o appear_v with_o he_o ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la noâiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proâeribus_fw-la &_o aliit_fw-la âncâlis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o the_o margin_n over-against_o these_o last_o word_n the_o doctor_n give_v we_o this_o note_n the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a writ_n but_o not_o here_o particular_o enumerate_v now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o writ_n be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o doctor_n will_v acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n yet_o if_o these_o word_n can_v mean_v the_o commons_o in_o this_o writ_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o this_o statute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n but_o the_o doctor_n strong_a prejudices_fw-la to_o the_o contrary_n but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o allege_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o pray_v go_v on_o and_o show_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n why_o you_o suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v never_o call_v in_o above_o half_a the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o till_o the_o 18_o the_o and_o i_o desire_v this_o the_o more_o because_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 1._o 3_o ed._n 1._o the_o word_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr communality_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n baron_n and_o those_o other_o word_n forego_v must_v needs_o signify_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n 146._o and_o so_o the_o doctor_n himself_o have_v render_v it_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n m._n but_o first_o pray_v observe_v what_o the_o doctor_n there_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o the_o word_n commonalty_n he_o mean_v not_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o for_o this_o parliamentum_fw-la pray_v consult_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o come_v to_o this_o parliament_n which_o i_o confess_v be_v the_o only_o write_v of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v leave_v upon_o the_o roll_n from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o 23_o d._n of_o this_o king_n in_o which_o you_o will_v find_v the_o archbishop_n summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o be_v as_o the_o doctor_n explain_v it_o with_o the_o prelate_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o great_a man_n very_o frequent_o comprehend_v as_o well_o the_o baron_n majores_fw-la as_o minores_fw-la 147._o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o less_o which_o then_o be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o your_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n des_fw-fr greindres_n &_o des_fw-fr mendres_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n by_o which_o you_o will_v interpret_v the_o like_a word_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v will_v signify_v nothing_o as_o be_v before_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n f._n it_o be_v a_o very_a easy_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n of_o a_o confident_a undertake_n temper_n to_o frame_v what_o interpretation_n he_o please_v from_o the_o general_a or_o equivocal_a of_o history_n or_o record_n if_o he_o can_v as_o easy_o find_v authority_n to_o support_v it_o but_o i_o see_v nothing_o like_o a_o proof_n for_o it_o but_o the_o doctor_n bare_a assertion_n since_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n communality_n and_o communitas_fw-la come_v in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n immediate_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n after_o do_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v and_o why_o they_o shall_v not_o signify_v so_o here_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o as_o to_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n they_o prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o that_o parliament_n for_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n must_v need_v signify_v the_o great_a and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v why_o do_v they_o not_o signify_v so_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o dorso_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v print_v where_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o his_o treat_v or_o advise_v with_o any_o other_o person_n than_o the_o other_o prelate_n &_o magnatibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la yet_o the_o doctor_n within_o two_o leave_n after_o give_v we_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n for_o the_o knight_n 147._o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n but_o it_o seem_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o book_n against_o mr._n p._n he_o have_v not_o make_v those_o rare_a discovery_n he_o do_v afterward_o where_o he_o pretend_v not_o to_o carry_v this_o opinion_n beyond_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o show_v this_o new_a light_n by_o which_o the_o doctor_n discover_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o summon_v to_o parliament_n all_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o till_o the_o 18_o m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o word_n communality_n or_o communitas_fw-la in_o any_o of_o the_o parliament_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n not_o in_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr bigamis_fw-la make_v in_o the_o four_o of_o this_o king_n the_o preamble_n thereof_o run_v to_o this_o effect_n 148._o that_o these_o under-written_a
camera_fw-la tunc_fw-la circumstante_fw-la petit_fw-la etiam_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la susidium_fw-la qui_fw-la respondit_fw-la se_fw-la velle_fw-la summo_fw-la pontifici_fw-la literas_fw-la supplicatorias_fw-la dirigere_fw-la pro_fw-la conferendi_fw-la licentia_fw-la obtinenda_fw-la so_o that_o the_o plebs_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o the_o historian_n be_v only_o the_o lay-nobility_n that_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n in_o his_o chamber_n now_o pray_v consider_v that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la be_v of_o a_o much_o more_o vulgar_a signification_n than_o populus_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o former_a do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v the_o latter_a can_v do_v so_o and_o therefore_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o there_o word_n must_v signify_v the_o commons_o the_o like_a error_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v fall_v into_o concern_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o old_a coronation_n oath_n in_o latin_a 34._o when_o they_o ignorant_o translate_v these_o word_n in_o the_o old_a french_a oath_n les_fw-fr ley_n les_fw-fr quelles_fw-fr lie_n la_fw-fr commuante_fw-la aura_fw-fr eleu_fw-fr leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la to_o the_o great_a confusion_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n whereas_o the_o community_n here_o understand_v in_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la express_v before_o in_o this_o oath_n by_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la for_o by_o they_o alone_o can_v these_o demand_n be_v make_v for_o the_o vulgus_fw-la i._n e._n the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n can_v never_o come_v near_o to_o make_v these_o demand_n at_o so_o great_a and_o splendid_a a_o solemnity_n f._n this_o be_v but_o to_o urge_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o and_o over_o again_o for_o that_o under_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v also_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v and_o can_v yet_o prove_v it_o further_o from_o divers_a historian_n and_o record_n both_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o edward_z the_o 1_o sy_n and_o edward_z the_o 2_o d_n reign_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o must_v still_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o that_o passage_n so_o often_o cite_v 323._o from_o mat._n paris_n in_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n where_o the_o member_n of_o that_o common_a council_n in_o which_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v be_v say_v to_o be_v clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la 284._o or_o as_o mat._n wistminster_n in_o the_o same_o year_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la cum_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la with_o both_o which_o also_o agree_v the_o manuscript_n history_n of_o walter_n of_o coventry_n who_o speak_v of_o this_o very_a council_n of_o 9_o the_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o relate_v it_o thus_o at_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o virgin_n there_o assemble_v at_o london_n the_o procâres_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibique_fw-la tractatu_fw-la diffusiore_fw-la habita_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la the_o king_n then_o grant_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o that_o of_o forest_n and_o that_o there_o be_v grant_v a_o comition_n &_o baronibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la quinta_fw-la decima_fw-la âmniâm_fw-la mobilium_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assenâââ_n whence_o pray_v observe_v what_o i_o before_o mind_v you_o of_o that_o this_o tax_n as_o it_o be_v a_o general_a upon_o all_o the_o moveable_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o never_o be_v give_v by_o the_o particular_a order_n of_o the_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o do_v not_o concern_v tenor_n at_o all_o and_o be_v levy_v on_o those_o knight_n service_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o those_o that_o do_v but_o the_o author_n of_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o burton_n be_v more_o full_a in_o this_o point_n for_o in_o ann._n dom._n 1255._o be_v the_o 39_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o he_o tell_v we_o a_o parliament_n be_v hold_v at_o westminster_n convocatis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la majoribus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la petebat_fw-la rex_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la de_fw-la laicis_fw-la feodis_fw-la suis_fw-la sibi_fw-la suffragium_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n for_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n and_o then_o go_v on_o thus_o disponens_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la iniquo_fw-la consilio_fw-la hoc_fw-la prius_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la &_o postmodum_fw-la a_o popâlo_fw-la majori_fw-la &_o minori_fw-la extorqueri_fw-la from_o which_o passage_n i_o shall_v observe_v first_o that_o all_o the_o clergy_n in_o general_n as_o well_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v here_o style_v clerus_fw-la second_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n be_v altogether_o call_v populus_fw-la three_o that_o this_o populus_fw-la be_v there_o also_o distinguish_v into_o the_o major_n and_o minor_a now_o as_o by_o the_o major_n can_v be_v mean_v none_o but_o the_o great_a nobility_n so_o the_o populus_fw-la minor_a can_v signify_v none_o but_o the_o commons_o in_o general_a unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o king_n design_n be_v only_o to_o extort_v money_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o to_o put_v it_o far_o out_o of_o all_o dispute_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la when_o put_v after_o and_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n barones_n and_o the_o like_a in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 19_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o 20._o the_o year_n after_o your_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n where_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n direct_v baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o libbards_n hominibus_fw-la de_fw-fr wallia_fw-la recite_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o populus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v late_o free_o grant_v a_o 15_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n and_o therefore_o desire_v like_o aid_n from_o the_o welsh_a now_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o that_o by_o populus_fw-la in_o this_o record_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v also_o as_o evident_a from_o another_o record_n now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o this_o 15_o the_o be_v grant_v the_o year_n before_o in_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n for_o by_o this_o writ_n or_o commission_n he_o appoint_v commissioner_n for_o the_o collect_v of_o that_o 15_o the_o of_o all_o movable_n which_o the_o king_n thus_o recite_v the_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nunc_fw-la sicut_fw-la alius_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o progenitoribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la to_o have_v late_o free_o grant_v he_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 15_o the_o grant_v two_o year_n together_o which_o be_v very_o unlikely_a and_o more_o than_o the_o nation_n can_v then_o well_o pay_v so_o likewise_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 1_o edward_z the_o 3_o d_o 20._o appear_v that_o hugh_n le_fw-fr dispenser_n jun._n have_v be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o father_n per_fw-la considerationem_fw-la parium_n &_o populi_n regni_n &_o per_fw-la assensum_fw-la domini_fw-la edwardi_fw-la tune_n regis_fw-la angl._n exile_v and_o disinherit_v for_o ever_o as_o a_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n that_o be_v he_o be_v banish_v by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o now_o if_o populus_fw-la in_o these_o record_n signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o time_n you_o own_v they_o appear_v in_o parliament_n i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v some_o better_a reason_n than_o you_o have_v hitherto_o give_v i_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o can_v not_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o yet_o that_o populus_fw-la do_v also_o sometimes_o signify_v both_o lord_n and_o commons_o appear_v from_o mat._n westminster_n where_o relate_v how_o king_n edward_n i._o in_o the_o 34_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n than_o he_o tell_v we_o pro_fw-la hac_fw-la militia_n silij_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_n est_fw-la regi_fw-la trigesimus_fw-la denarius_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la verò_fw-la vicesimum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la yet_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v also_o a_o share_n in_o this_o grant_n the_o dr._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o glossary_n under_o the_o same_o head_n in_o these_o word_n
it_o be_v evident_a from_o this_o record_n mean_v that_o of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n abovemention_v who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o people_n intend_v by_o the_o historian_n in_o this_o place_n to_o wit_n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v not_o then_o commoners_z as_o well_o as_o now_o though_o reckon_v among_o the_o magnate_n and_o as_o a_o superior_a order_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n here_o call_v by_o a_o general_a word_n mercatores_fw-la who_o then_o give_v a_o 20_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n by_o themselves_o but_o that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n but_o the_o commons_o too_o in_o both_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n westminster_n be_v also_o as_o plain_a for_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n concern_v the_o reception_n of_o the_o legate_n be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o none_o but_o earl_n and_o great_a lord_n accompany_v they_o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n or_o gentleman_n among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n primate_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v the_o lord_n or_o great_a nobility_n but_o the_o lesser_a also_o nay_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n as_o for_o the_o next_o authority_n concern_v the_o plebs_fw-la that_o grant_v the_o eigth_n penny_n it_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a that_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o term_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o dr_n own_o concession_n in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o little_a far_o which_o you_o may_v read_v 25._o in_o these_o word_n and_o that_o the_o agreement_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n here_o mention_v be_v make_v and_o the_o eight_o penny_n grant_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o perhaps_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o that_o they_o be_v the_o plebs_fw-la that_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n in_o his_o chamber_n be_v clear_a from_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o parliament_n for_o two_o knight_n in_o every_o county_n date_v septemb_n the_o 15_o the_o immediate_o follow_v to_o come_v and_o receive_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o his_o letter_n that_o the_o pay_v of_o this_o eight_o penny_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v the_o commons_o for_o the_o future_a and_o to_o do_v further_a what_o by_o his_o son_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v be_v ordain_v so_o that_o the_o dr._n himself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v though_o spare_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v likewise_o there_o and_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o grant_n the_o king_n hold_v this_o parliament_n at_o his_o palace_n of_o westminster_n in_o some_o of_o the_o hall_n or_o great_a room_n and_o the_o commons_o may_v very_o well_o sit_v in_o the_o now_o court_n of_o request_n then_o call_v the_o alba_n aula_n or_o white_a hall_n where_o parliament_n have_v be_v frequent_o hold_v and_o from_o thence_o be_v send_v for_o by_o the_o king_n into_o the_o paint_a chamber_n or_o now_o house_n of_o lord_n where_o the_o king_n then_o sit_v and_o which_o may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o hall_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v be_v very_o well_o call_v camera_fw-la regis_fw-la for_o none_o can_v imagine_v his_o presence_n chamber_n or_o bedchamber_n can_v hold_v all_o that_o company_n and_o in_o that_o room_n the_o king_n may_v make_v that_o speech_n to_o they_o which_o this_o author_n mention_n and_o then_o upon_o his_o promise_a to_o renew_v the_o charter_n follow_v the_o grant_v of_o the_o eight_o peny_n ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la by_o the_o whole_a people_n immediate_o grant_v the_o say_a subsidy_n now_o the_o dr._n grant_v in_o this_o place_n that_o the_o incolae_fw-la here_o mean_v by_o the_o historian_n be_v the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o inhabitant_n as_o use_v to_o pay_v subsidy_n and_o aid_n only_o the_o plebs_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o lay_v nobility_n now_o if_o the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v such_o we_o use_v to_o pay_v aid_n and_o subsidy_n who_o make_v this_o concession_n can_v any_o man_n doubt_v but_o that_o this_o grant_n be_v make_v by_o their_o representative_n of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v can_v you_o imagine_v that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o there_o present_v when_o this_o tax_n be_v give_v as_o well_o as_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v levy_v upon_o all_o alike_o nor_o be_v the_o dr_n objection_n of_o any_o weight_n that_o because_o the_o king_n not_o long_o after_o summon_v another_o parliament_n when_o he_o be_v beyond_o sea_n to_o meet_v his_o son_n prince_n edw._n at_o westminster_n that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o if_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v at_o the_o agreement_n and_o grant_v of_o the_o eight_o penny_n in_o the_o king_n chamber_n they_o will_v have_v be_v dismiss_v and_o call_v again_o about_o the_o same_o business_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n see_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v dispatch_v in_o six_o day_n when_o the_o parliamement_n âet_a october_n the_o six_o for_o the_o dr._n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o imagine_v that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o business_n they_o meet_v about_o before_o when_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o summons_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o tax_n be_v give_v already_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o meet_v about_o that_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o king_n go_v away_o in_o haste_n into_o flanders_n without_o confirm_v the_o charter_n so_o that_o before_o the_o people_n will_v give_v any_o more_o money_n his_o son_n prince_n edward_n be_v force_v to_o confirm_v they_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o confess_v in_o the_o same_o place_n after_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v satisfy_v but_o as_o for_o the_o dr_n wondrous_a discovery_n of_o the_o false_a bad_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a french_a coronation_n oath_n i_o do_v so_o far_o indeed_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la aura_fw-fr elu_fw-fr be_v not_o to_o be_v translate_v which_o the_o commons_o or_o vulgar_a people_n but_o the_o whole_a community_n shall_v choose_v render_v here_o by_o the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la by_o the_o old_a monkish_a translator_n yet_o this_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o who_o ever_o know_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o superior_a clergy_n and_o nobility_n and_o so_o to_o exclude_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_n but_o mat._n westm._n tell_v we_o 10._o concessus_n esâ_n viz._n to_o eâ_n i_o novenarius_n denaâius_n à _fw-la vulgo_fw-la à _fw-la clero_fw-la vero_fw-la denus_fw-la ad_fw-la scotorum_fw-la pârtinaciam_fw-la reprimendam_fw-la who_o have_v then_o invade_v northumberland_n and_o harrass_v the_o other_o northern_a country_n 25._o now_o pray_v read_v the_o dr_n comment_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o his_o glossary_n here_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la when_o oppose_v to_o clerus_fw-la or_o join_v with_o it_o as_o a_o distinct_a body_n of_o man_n and_o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o plebs_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o vulgus_fw-la be_v the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o historian_n whether_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n alone_o or_o the_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o commons_o be_v understand_v by_o they_o that_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o the_o multitude_n or_o rabble_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o worthy_a discovery_n of_o the_o dr_n nor_o do_v i_o know_v any_o body_n so_o mad_a as_o so_o to_o render_v it_o in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n but_o that_o this_o word_n vulgus_fw-la when_o put_v for_o the_o whole_a laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o ancient_a in_o that_o oath_n see_v the_o old_a coronation_n oath_n in_o toâtle's_n collection_n of_o old_a statute_n who_o transcribe_v it_o out_o of_o some_o ancient_a latin_a copy_n of_o that_o oath_n or_o else_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o coronation_n oath_n of_o r._n richard_n ii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o record_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o speak_v these_o so_o long_o upon_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la plebs_fw-la and_o vulgus_fw-la since_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o those_o false_a gloss_n
to_o the_o pope_n 8._o but_o anno_fw-la 40_o edw._n iii_o when_o the_o pope_n demand_v the_o arrear_n of_o this_o tribute_n from_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n duke_n count_z baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_v lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o dispute_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n of_o which_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v then_o undoubted_o a_o part_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o king_n john_n reign_n and_o to_o have_v assent_v to_o that_o king_n resignation_n to_o make_v it_o legal_a and_o valid_a as_o well_o as_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n m._n as_o for_o this_o argument_n i_o need_v trouble_v myself_o no_o further_o than_o to_o give_v you_o the_o dr_n answer_v in_o his_o own_o word_n 70._o viz._n all_o that_o the_o resolution_n of_o this_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n prove_v be_v that_o king_n john_n can_v not_o subject_v himself_o his_o realm_n or_o people_n without_o their_o assent_n but_o prove_v not_o who_o they_o be_v that_o in_o such_o case_n at_o that_o time_n give_v or_o deny_v their_o assent_n or_o how_o they_o do_v it_o or_o whether_o 153_o year_n before_o this_o resolution_n the_o commons_o be_v represent_v by_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgesâes_v as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n give_v their_o answer_n first_o that_o such_o a_o subjection_n can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n and_o then_o the_o commons_o be_v ask_v what_o their_o thought_n be_v and_o they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o same_o word_n the_o baron_n have_v do_v and_o when_o they_o answer_v altogether_o they_o do_v it_o in_o the_o same_o form_n of_o speech_n conceive_v first_o by_o the_o baron_n without_o any_o consideration_n whether_o the_o commons_o be_v the_o same_o body_n of_o man_n at_o the_o time_n of_o execute_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n johns_n subjection_n etc._n etc._n as_o at_o that_o present_a or_o no._n f._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n of_o the_o drs._n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o heed_n to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o answer_v to_o the_o pope_n give_v in_o so_o solemn_a a_o manner_n as_o this_o be_v there_o be_v no_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o thing_n they_o can_v say_v if_o they_o be_v once_o suppose_v to_o speak_v like_o parrot_n by_o roat_n and_o only_o as_o they_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o lord_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o what_o they_o aver_v and_o though_o the_o first_o proposal_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o lord_n yet_o the_o pope_n then_o threaten_v to_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o put_v the_o whole_a realm_n under_o a_o interdict_v it_o be_v certain_o the_o interest_n as_o well_o of_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o lord_n to_o avoid_v the_o blow_n by_o a_o wary_a and_o true_a answer_n to_o the_o pope_n demand_n for_o have_v their_o answer_n be_v so_o idle_a and_o frivolous_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o it_o have_v be_v advantage_n enough_o for_o the_o pope_n to_o have_v return_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o letter_n have_v what_o the_o dr._n allege_v be_v true_a that_o the_o upstart_n house_n of_o commons_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v to_o meddle_v or_o treat_v of_o any_o such_o matter_n since_o they_o be_v none_o of_o the_o party_n to_o the_o agreement_n nor_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n at_o that_o time_n when_o king_n john_n resign_v his_o crown_n and_o make_v himself_o and_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o his_o holiness_n predecessor_n nor_o be_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o year_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o 40th_o of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o so_o far_o beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n as_o that_o so_o memorable_a a_o transaction_n can_v not_o be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o pope_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o then_o in_o be_v since_o the_o make_v they_o a_o 3d_o estate_n fall_v out_o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o all_o their_o grandfather_n at_o far_a so_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a that_o the_o memory_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o transaction_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a world_n than_o ring_v shall_v be_v lose_v in_o two_o or_o three_o generation_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o express_a judgement_n both_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o that_o king_n john_n can_v not_o make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n so_o be_v it_o the_o judgement_n also_o of_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o 2d_o of_o henry_n the_o 5_o 39_o and_o admit_v by_o that_o noble_a prince_n and_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n that_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n or_o law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o petition_n or_o protestation_n present_v by_o the_o say_a commons_o to_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n a_o copy_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o read_v to_o you_o as_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n your_o humble_a and_o true_a liege_n 22._o that_o be_v come_v for_o the_o comune_a of_o your_o lond_n bysechin_n unto_o your_o riht_a twissness_n that_o so_o as_o hit_v have_v ever_o be_v their_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n that_o there_o shall_v no_o statute_n no_o law_n be_v make_v of_o less_o than_o they_o yaf_v thereto_o their_o assent_n consider_v that_o the_o comune_a of_o your_o lond_n the_o which_o that_o be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o member_n of_o your_o parliament_n be_v as_o well_o aslentir_v as_o petitioner_n that_o fro_o this_o time_n forward_o by_o compleint_a of_o the_o comune_a of_o eny_z mischief_n ask_v remedy_n by_o mouth_n of_o their_o speaker_n for_o the_o commons_o other_z else_o by_o petition_n write_v that_o there_o never_o be_v no_o law_n make_v thereupon_o and_o ingress_v as_o statute_n and_o law_n neither_o by_o addition_n neither_o by_o diââinutions_n by_o no_o manner_n of_o term_n âe_v term_n the_o which_o that_o shall_v change_v the_o sentence_n and_o the_o intent_n ask_v by_o the_o speaker_n mouth_n or_o the_o petition_n by_o foresay_a âeven_a up_o in_o ãâã_d by_o the_o foresay_a without_o assent_n of_o the_o foresay_a comune_a etc._n etc._n this_o petition_n be_v so_o plain_a that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n therefore_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o you_o think_v of_o it_o m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v at_o all_o by_o the_o king_n answer_v to_o this_o petition_n that_o the_o king_n allow_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n therein_o set_v forth_o to_o be_v true_a but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o answer_n itself_o in_o these_o word_n the_o king_n of_o his_o grace_n especial_a grant_v that_o fro_o henceforth_o nothing_o be_v enact_v to_o the_o petition_n of_o his_o comune_a that_o be_v contrary_a of_o their_o ask_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v bind_v without_o their_o assent_n save_v always_o to_o our_o liege_n i._n e._n royal_a lord_n his_o real_a prerogaty_n to_o grant_v and_o deny_v what_o he_o lust_v of_o their_o petition_n and_o asking_n aforesaid_a and_o i_o shall_v far_o give_v you_o the_o drs._n answer_v to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n 86._o the_o design_n of_o this_o petition_n be_v not_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o existence_n but_o their_o right_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v enact_v without_o their_o assent_n contrary_a to_o their_o intent_n and_o like_n and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v never_o do_v since_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n or_o as_o they_o say_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o prove_v that_o which_o no_o body_n deny_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o and_o be_v now_o require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o all_o statute_n and_o law_n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o with_o the_o dr_n
what'were_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n ever_o a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o eternity_n before_o man_n be_v create_v or_o have_v they_o be_v so_o ever_o since_o adam_n or_o ever_o since_o england_n be_v people_v or_o ever_o since_o the_o britain_n roman_n and_o saxon_n inhabit_v this_o island_n certain_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v so_o represent_v and_o that_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o concern_v which_o whether_o you_o or_o myself_o be_v in_o the_o right_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n f._n but_o notwithstanding_o your_o drs._n answer_n i_o think_v under_o favour_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n do_v here_o allow_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o petition_n or_o claim_v as_o the_o main_a ground_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v viz._n that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o that_o no_o law_n or_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n which_o encroachment_n upon_o their_o liberty_n ãâã_d seem_v have_v be_v before_o endeavour_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o therefore_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n be_v rather_o a_o full_a concession_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o commons_o claim_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n will_v have_v leave_v such_o a_o claim_n as_o of_o ancient_a right_n without_o any_o denial_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n allow_v the_o whole_a to_o be_v true_a only_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o his_o negative_a voice_n of_o grant_v or_o deny_v what_o he_o please_v which_o the_o commons_o themselves_o do_v also_o allow_v he_o in_o the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o petition_n itself_o as_o you_o may_v see_v if_o you_o please_v to_o read_v it_o at_o large_a and_o father_n that_o this_o affirmation_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o renovation_n or_o memorial_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o that_o point_n be_v more_o full_o explain_v and_o confirm_v by_o a_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n 2d_o in_o parliament_n 2._o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n prelate_n count_n baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o commonalty_n in_o the_o 18_o of_o his_o reign_n about_o a_o 100l_n year_n before_o this_o of_o 9th_o henry_n the_o 5_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o hold_v their_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n capite_fw-la as_o well_o within_o the_o forest_n as_o without_o to_o which_o manor_n they_o hold_v gasz_n i._n e._n be_v appendant_a and_o of_o which_o the_o seignory_n have_v be_v rent_v out_o by_o the_o acre_n half_a acre_n and_o rude_a in_o improve_n their_o say_v manor_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n have_v make_v seizure_n thereof_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o king_n licence_n so_o to_o do_v and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v improve_v their_o say_a manor_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o petition_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n in_o parliament_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o new_a law_n to_o do_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n will_v never_o assent_v and_o conclude_v infra_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o make_v these_o observation_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v here_o declare_v it_o as_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o no_o new_a law_n can_v then_o be_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o this_o commonalty_n be_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o divers_a precedent_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o a_o declaration_n or_o protestation_n to_o edward_n 3d._n by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 56._o that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o any_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a commons_o which_o be_v also_o far_o confirm_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o right_n or_o a_o protestation_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o richard_n 2d_o pt._n 1._o m._n 52._o wherein_o they_o pray_v against_o a_o pretend_a statute_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o who_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o be_v call_v lollard_n in_o which_o they_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v never_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o it_o be_v annul_v and_o pray_v observe_v the_o reason_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intent_n to_o be_v justify_v nor_o to_o oblige_v themselves_o or_o their_o successor_n to_o the_o prelate_n more_o than_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o commons_o do_v by_o all_o these_o petition_n and_o protestation_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o claim_n by_o prescription_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o ancestor_n not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n can_v make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o ancestor_n touch_v his_o own_o prerogative_n by_o prescription_n but_o as_o for_o your_o query_n on_o this_o petition_n since_o they_o be_v not_o your_o own_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o impertinent_a for_o who_o ever_o suppose_v that_o the_o commons_o claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n ever_o since_o the_o creation_n or_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o people_v of_o this_o island_n since_o any_o body_n may_v see_v that_o this_o word_n ever_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a in_o hand_n viz._n from_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o this_o island_n now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o a_o case_n suppose_v you_o shall_v affirm_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v successive_a and_o not_o elective_a will_v it_o not_o be_v mere_a cavil_v to_o ask_v you_o whither_o it_o be_v so_o pure_a divino_fw-la ever_o since_o adam_n but_o as_o you_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o impartial_a judge_n who_o be_v in_o the_o right_n you_o or_o i_o so_o shall_v i_o likewise_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o yourself_o your_o dr._n and_o some_o of_o our_o modern_a antiquary_n shall_v make_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o no_o ancient_a than_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o or_o middle_a of_o edward_n the_o one_a reign_n or_o the_o constant_a judgement_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o learned_a council_n who_o have_v insist_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o their_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n beyond_o all_o time_n of_o memory_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v prove_v it_o plain_a enough_o that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o more_o than_o one_o parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o how_o long_o before_o that_o they_o do_v not_o set_v forth_o but_o since_o parliament_n be_v no_o more_o infallible_a than_o general_a council_n i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o give_v absolute_a credit_n to_o their_o testimony_n since_o in_o a_o illiterate_a age_n as_o that_o be_v in_o which_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o petition_n it_o may_v happen_v that_o not_o only_o they_o but_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o council_n at_o that_o time_n may_v not_o certain_o know_v how_o long_o or_o how_o little_a a_o time_n the_o commons_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n therefore_o since_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o they_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o be_v lose_v i_o pray_v show_v i_o from_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v any_o commons_o summon_v to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n for_o i_o have_v now_o somewhat_o very_o material_a out_o of_o mr._n prins_n parliamentary_a register_n to_o object_n against_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la be_v exempt_v by_o prescription_n from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n as_o you_o tell_v i_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v but_o one_o but_o first_o let_v i_o hear_v the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o this_o
h._n four_o and_o enact_v that_o knight_n of_o shire_n undue_o return_v shall_v lose_v their_o wage_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v not_o at_o or_o before_o the_o conquest_n accustom_v yea_o no_o man_n can_v prove_v there_o be_v any_o knight_n for_o county_n elect_v and_o send_v to_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n writ_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o not_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o before_o the_o conquest_n as_o mr._n lambard_n will_v strain_v it_o now_o as_o for_o the_o word_n antacessores_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v the_o former_a may_v very_o well_o signify_v the_o ancestor_n of_o those_o inhabitant_n of_o burrough_n or_o town_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o predecessor_n of_o the_o king_n that_o then_o be_v which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o and_o edward_z the_o three_o when_o those_o writ_n be_v grant_v need_v extend_v no_o high_o than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o word_n in_o these_o writ_n as_o totu_fw-la timporibus_fw-la retroaclis_fw-la and_o a_o tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la ixtai_fw-la memoria_fw-la they_o must_v have_v the_o like_a interpretation_n or_o what_o be_v equivalent_a to_o it_o viz._n in_o all_o time_n pass_v or_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n i._n e._n before_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n elect_v for_o the_o country_n they_o be_v always_o free_a from_o contribute_v to_o their_o wage_n so_o that_o this_o prescription_n need_v not_o extend_v high_o than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o above_o mention_v since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v true_a as_o they_o there_o set_v forth_o that_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n in_o all_o time_n or_o time_n beyond_o memory_n have_v always_o use_v to_o be_v quit_v from_o such_o expense_n of_o knight_n now_o there_o be_v many_o prescription_n and_o custom_n in_o use_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n and_o since_o which_o may_v be_v well_o say_v to_o be_v ãâã_d out_o of_o mind_n yet_o certain_o have_v their_o original_a not_o before_o but_o long_o since_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o brook_n fitzherbert_n and_o other_o law-book_n title_n custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o cook_n be_v first_o instit._n my_o lord_n hobard_v in_o his_o report_n 58.113_o that_o which_o have_v be_v use_v or_o ãâã_d but_o two_o or_o three_o age_n only_o or_o out_o of_o the_o memory_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n then_o be_v be_v repute_v a_o legal_a custom_n 199._o or_o prescription_n 34_o henry_n vi_o brook_n be_v tit._n prescription_n therefore_o this_o prescription_n of_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o contribute_v to_o knight_n wage_n will_v no_o way_n warrant_v mr._n lambard_n conclusion_n from_o it_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n i_o be_o certain_a that_o at_o this_o day_n tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n can_v plead_v that_o both_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n never_o be_v accustom_v to_o pay_v excise_n for_o any_o thing_n for_o which_o excise_n be_v now_o pay_v will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v ergo_fw-la all_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o pay_v excise_n be_v liable_a to_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n when_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n impose_v but_o since_o the_o late_a war_n so_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o prove_v that_o your_o and_o mr._n lambard_n argument_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n and_o gavel-kind_n not_o pay_v in_o all_o time_n pass_v or_o time_n beyond_o memory_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v altogether_o fallacious_a and_o inconclusive_a f._n pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o your_o answer_n before_o you_o proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o borroughs_n first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o mr._n prin_fw-mi very_o much_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o here_o say_v that_o the_o first_o writ_n for_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v but_o of_o the_o 28_o 141._o or_o 29_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o since_o you_o know_v better_o for_o your_o dr._n have_v print_v the_o writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n that_o serve_v in_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o you_o yourself_o have_v urge_v it_o to_o i_o that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o these_o knight_n have_v their_o expense_n allow_v they_o because_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o prout_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la simili_fw-la express_v therein_o which_o i_o tell_v you_o may_v be_v only_o through_o inadvertency_n of_o the_o clerk_n since_o the_o dr._n there_o give_v we_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 42d_o of_o that_o king_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o four_o knight_n of_o county_n who_o have_v appear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o forego_n parliament_n be_v order_v their_o expense_n for_o go_v returning_z and_o stay_v at_o the_o say_a parliament_n which_o show_v that_o these_o writ_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n and_o if_o so_o be_v these_o knight_n have_v their_o expense_n allow_v they_o only_o for_o their_o attendance_n at_o a_o parliament_n it_o be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a and_o likely_a they_o have_v their_o expense_n allow_v when_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o it_o but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n mr._n prin_fw-mi himself_n have_v clear_v this_o point_n not_o only_o by_o print_v this_o very_a writ_n in_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n but_o by_o declare_v in_o the_o very_a first_o section_n of_o that_o volume_n that_o though_o after_o this_o writ_n no_o more_o be_v to_o be_v find_v of_o this_o sort_n extant_a upon_o the_o roll_n of_o henry_n iii_o till_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._o yet_o they_o be_v constant_o issue_v but_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o parliament_n hold_v after_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o till_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v 35_o year_n space_n as_o this_o clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o 28_o 29_o and_o 33th_o of_o edward_n i._o prout_fw-la alius_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la assure_v we_o but_o all_o the_o bundle_n of_o writ_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hânry_n the_o three_o till_o the_o 29_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o writ_n of_o summons_n from_o 49_o h._n 3_o enter_v in_o the_o clause_n roll_v till_o 22_o e._n 1._o though_o returnable_a into_o chancery_n no_o wonder_n that_o these_o writ_n de_fw-fr expensis_fw-la not_o returnable_a at_o all_o be_v not_o enroll_v till_o 28_o e._n 1._o after_o which_o they_o be_v usual_o endorse_v on_o the_o clause_n roll_v till_o the_o second_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o so_o that_o by_o mr._n prin_n own_o confession_n the_o loss_n of_o the_o writ_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3._o till_o 28_o ed._n 1._o be_v no_o argument_n at_o all_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o writ_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n 3._o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o the_o writ_n and_o record_n of_o all_o those_o parliament_n have_v be_v so_o well_o preserve_v that_o there_o be_v none_o lose_v or_o embezzle_v which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi acknowledge_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o if_o they_o be_v lose_v after_o the_o 49th_o of_o h._n 3._o pray_v give_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o summons_n and_o expense_n may_v not_o be_v lose_v as_o well_o before_o that_o time_n have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o answer_v mr._n prin_n argument_n from_o the_o not_o find_v any_o writ_n of_o expense_n before_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n 1._o from_o what_o he_o himself_o sell_v afterward_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o reply_v to_o that_o other_o part_n of_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n old_a time_n accustom_v and_o in_o a_o tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la extat_fw-la memoria_fw-la which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v a_o space_n of_o time_n only_o beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o any_o man_n live_v whereas_o the_o word_n custom_n and_o accustom_a when_o use_v of_o any_o general_a custom_n or_o usage_n all_o over_o the_o realm_n be_v still_o to_o be_v take_v in_o much_o large_a acceptation_n as_o all_o our_o law-book_n will_v teach_v you_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v upon_o this_o but_o show_v you_o that_o those_o author_n who_o work_n you_o have_v read_v have_v no_o true_a notion_n of_o this_o expression_n in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o plead_n viz._n a_o tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contraii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la which_o have_v be_v always_o understand_v as_o littleton_n here_o tell_v you_o for_o a_o time_n beyond_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n i._o so_o that_o wherever_o you_o find_v these_o word_n totis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la or_o
that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o creation_n to_o have_v be_v good_a before_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o but_o not_o since_o though_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o shall_v give_v the_o sheriff_n such_o power_n of_o make_v new_a burrough_n after_o this_o statute_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 6_o as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o gatton_n and_o those_o other_o burrough_n he_o there_o mention_n with_o it_o and_o yet_o deny_v this_o king_n the_o like_a prerogative_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o as_o i_o will_v not_o say_v there_o be_v none_o so_o be_v there_o but_o very_o few_o example_n of_o charter_n that_o confer_v upon_o any_o city_n or_o burrough_n a_o power_n to_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n who_o have_v it_o not_o before_o by_o prescription_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o privilege_n may_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o charter_n and_o so_o put_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n to_o elect_a for_o the_o future_a when_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v and_o of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o manner_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o old_a time_n in_o the_o french_a do_v anciente_a from_o which_o statute_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v as_o suppose_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v a_o like_v right_o to_o have_v summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o temporal_a here_o mention_v second_o that_o by_o these_o word_n have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n or_o do_v anciente_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v a_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o if_o the_o bishop_n abbott_n and_o temporal_a lord_n be_v here_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n so_o have_v the_o commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiââi_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n à _fw-la tempore_fw-la câjus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâit_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâstra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o
of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o london_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o follower_n and_o adherent_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n by_o the_o way_n when_o they_o come_v to_o town_n earl_n john_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o york_n and_o roven_n with_o all_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n meet_v in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o there_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o the_o say_a chancellor_n shall_v for_o his_o evil_a government_n he_o depose_v and_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o he_o immediate_o be_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o a_o irresistible_a power_n in_o the_o king_n and_o those_o put_v in_o commission_n by_o he_o when_o they_o find_v their_o power_n to_o grow_v tyrannical_a and_o insupportable_a m._n but_o if_o i_o forget_v not_o you_o omit_v one_o material_a circumstance_n in_o this_o affâir_n which_o seem_v to_o make_v against_o you_o which_o be_v that_o archbishop_n of_o roven_n and_o william_n the_o earl_n marshal_n do_v at_o that_o time_n produce_v the_o king_n letter_n sign_v with_o his_o ãâã_d wherein_o he_o have_v appoint_v that_o they_o two_o shall_v be_v associate_v in_o the_o government_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o privity_n and_o consent_n and_o of_o those_o associate_v with_o he_o in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o if_o he_o offer_v to_o do_v otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v depose_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v what_o they_o now_o act_v be_v not_o so_o muchin_n opposition_n to_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v as_o you_o set_v forth_o yet_o this_o make_v nothing_o against_o my_o opinion_n since_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o arm_n be_v take_v and_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o the_o londoner_n before_o ever_o it_o be_v know_v that_o such_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v have_v do_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o letter_n send_v by_o the_o king_n at_o all_o you_o may_v also_o remember_v that_o all_o these_o proceed_n also_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v in_o my_o history_n of_o nonresistance_n i_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n his_o brother_n who_o when_o he_o have_v refuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o dein_fw-ge they_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o all_o degree_n and_o condition_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v a_o vast_a army_n resolve_v never_o to_o lay_v they_o down_o till_o he_o have_v new_o grant_v and_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n till_o at_o last_o the_o king_n find_v himself_o almost_o quite_o forsake_v so_o that_o he_o have_v scarce_o five_o knight_n leave_v about_o he_o he_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o meet_v the_o say_v bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o people_n at_o runne-mead_n and_o there_o to_o grant_v they_o that_o great_a charter_n which_o have_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o so_o much_o discourse_n between_o we_o so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o those_o time_n if_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v the_o representative_n of_o this_o church_n have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a will_n and_o command_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o yet_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o pope_n think_v the_o king_n 166._o hardly_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o he_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n concern_v the_o rebellion_n and_o injury_n which_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n have_v commit_v against_o their_o king_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n and_o after_o a_o consultation_n with_o his_o cardinal_n he_o do_v as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o engâand_n after_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o he_o by_o his_o bull_n then_o publish_v make_v void_a the_o say_v great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n and_o condemn_v all_o the_o baron_n proceed_n as_o against_o their_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n their_o sovereign_a lord_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v this_o be_v not_o approve_v of_o any_o where_o but_o by_o the_o actor_n the_o pope_n thereupon_o excommunicate_v the_o baron_n and_o suspend_v the_o archbishop_n of_o caâterbury_n for_o join_v with_o they_o f._n i_o believe_v you_o will_v make_v nothing_o of_o this_o objection_n 230._o for_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v before_o this_o excommunicate_v the_o king_n and_o as_o far_o as_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n deprive_v he_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o absolve_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o their_o allegiance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plaiâ_n it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o true_a principle_n or_o hatred_n of_o rebellion_n and_o resistance_n in_o subject_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v thus_o act_v but_o pure_o to_o gratify_v the_o king_n at_o this_o juncture_n of_o time_n and_o to_o defend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o his_o own_o charter_n because_o he_o be_v then_o become_v his_o vassal_n and_o so_o he_o care_v not_o how_o much_o he_o oppress_v his_o subject_n because_o he_o be_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o pay_v he_o the_o tribute_n before_o promise_v and_o he_o can_v also_o expect_v the_o more_o secure_o to_o extort_v money_n from_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o express_a act_n and_o agreement_n appear_v plain_o by_o that_o clause_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o charter_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o this_o king_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o form_n we_o now_o find_v it_o in_o mat._n paris_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a king_n that_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v any_o clause_n in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o shall_v not_o amend_v it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n that_o then_o iâli_n barones_n cum_fw-la communia_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la distringent_fw-la &_o gravabunt_fw-la nos_fw-la modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la poverint_fw-la aut_fw-la scil_n per_fw-la captionem_fw-la castrorum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la possessionum_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuerint_fw-la donec_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la eorum_fw-la salva_fw-la persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginâe_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la âuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nobis_fw-la sient_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o they_o may_v free_o resist_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o till_o he_o make_v good_a every_o article_n of_o these_o charter_n if_o violate_v and_o be_v not_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n till_o it_o be_v amend_v and_o the_o like_a clause_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n publish_v in_o mat._n paris_n 261._o m._n i_o grant_v the_o clause_n be_v there_o as_o
this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o good_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v go_v over_o the_o constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n with_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n go_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n by_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o their_o knowledge_n without_o who_o consent_n no_o tax_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_v or_o impose_v so_o that_o the_o say_v earl_n and_o baron_n be_v thus_o gather_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n join_v with_o they_o at_o last_o prince_n edw._n then_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n come_v attend_v with_o great_a multitude_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o london_n till_o the_o prince_n have_v in_o his_o father_n name_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o herâford_n and_o essâx_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la qâas_fw-la fecâinâ_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr quaâ_n sicâiât_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n dâes_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o land_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n come_v up_o to_o london_n where_o the_o king_n have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o banish_v the_o say_v spencer_n out_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o quick_o return_v again_o against_o who_o when_o the_o say_v earl_n above_o mention_v and_o divers_a other_o baron_n and_o knight_n again_o take_v arm_n but_o be_v fail_v by_o some_o of_o their_o confederates_n be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n party_n and_o the_o earl_n be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v attaint_v and_o behead_v at_o portfract_a yet_o be_v the_o this_o judgement_n against_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n afterward_o reverse_v in_o parliament_n in_o 1_o mo_z edward_n the_o three_o and_o their_o heir_n restore_v in_o blood_n as_o also_o to_o the_o land_n of_o their_o father_n as_o beside_o the_o act_n it_o still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o roll_n appear_v more_o plain_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n
his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n have_v provide_v and_o ordain_v &c._n &c._n as_o follow_v that_o no_o great_a man_n nor_o other_o of_o what_o estate_n dignity_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v that_o come_v in_o with_o the_o say_a king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o with_o the_o queen_n in_o aid_n of_o they_o to_o pursue_v their_o say_a enemy_n and_o in_o which_o pursuit_n the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o ward_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v impeach_v molest_v or_o grieve_v in_o person_n or_o in_o good_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o pursuit_n and_o take_v in_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n nor_o for_o the_o pursuit_n of_o any_o other_o person_n not_o take_v their_o good_n nor_o for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o man_n nor_o any_o other_o thing_n perpetrate_v or_o commit_v in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n arrival_n until_o the_o day_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o say_v king_n this_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v so_o full_a a_o justification_n of_o the_o necessity_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o resistance_n that_o be_v then_o make_v against_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o his_o wicked_a councillor_n the_o spencer_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n and_o though_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o take_v warning_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o follow_v the_o like_a arbitrary_a course_n yet_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o grandson_n be_v a_o wilful_a hot_a head_a young_a prince_n fall_v into_o all_o the_o error_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n and_o find_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a resistance_n from_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n for_o when_o he_o have_v high_o misgoverned_n the_o realm_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n alexander_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o ely_z with_o thomas_z duke_z of_o gloucester_z the_o king_n uncle_n richard_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o thomas_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o nine_o or_o ten_o other_o lord_n and_o bishop_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o king_n be_v new_o of_o age_n refuse_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n but_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o to_o try_v what_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v and_o also_o to_o hinder_v the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n from_o have_v any_o access_n to_o he_o but_o see_v what_o follow_v these_o violent_a and_o arbitrary_a course_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o that_o very_a time_n and_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o this_o king_n reign_n than_o any_o other_o historian_n 2697._o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o earl_n now_o mention_v sound_v they_o can_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o precede_a parliament_n through_o the_o hindrance_n of_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n duke_n of_o ireland_n nich._n brembar_v and_o robert_n tresillian_n chief_a justice_n and_o other_o who_o have_v seduce_v the_o king_n and_o make_v he_o alienate_v himself_o from_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereupon_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o lord_n aforesaid_a with_o a_o great_a guard_n of_o knight_n esquire_n and_o archer_n come_v up_o towards_o london_n and_o quarter_v in_o the_o village_n adjacent_a and_o then_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o lord_n lovat_n the_o lord_n cobham_n the_o lord_n eures_fw-mi with_o other_o go_v to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o the_o duke_n 2700._o and_o earl_n and_o demand_v all_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a to_o be_v banish_v as_o seducer_n and_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n than_o swear_v upon_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o say_a archbishop_n not_o to_o desist_v till_o they_o have_v obtain_v what_o they_o come_v for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o meeting_n be_v that_o the_o king_n not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v they_o be_v force_v immediate_o to_o call_v that_o remarkable_a parliament_n of_o the_o 11_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o which_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n be_v attaint_v and_o tresillian_n and_o divers_a other_o judge_n sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v at_o tyburn_n upon_o the_o impeachment_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n for_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o the_o article_n the_o king_n have_v not_o long_o before_o propose_v to_o they_o at_o nottingham_n i_o shall_v omit_v the_o resistance_n which_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n make_v after_o his_o arrival_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o the_o north_n of_o england_n against_o the_o arbitrary_a government_n of_o this_o king_n be_v then_o in_o ireland_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v but_o because_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o far_a than_o perhaps_o it_o need_v to_o have_v be_v and_o end_v in_o the_o deposition_n of_o this_o king_n only_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o there_o be_v the_o same_o act_n of_o indemnity_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n pass_v for_o all_o those_o that_o have_v come_v over_o with_o that_o king_n and_o have_v assist_v he_o against_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o his_o evil_a councillor_n as_o be_v pass_v before_o in_o primo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v not_o also_o insist_v upon_o the_o resistance_n of_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o evil_a government_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o minion_n the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n because_o you_o may_v say_v that_o this_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n as_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n nor_o will_v i_o instance_n in_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n during_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o since_o it_o be_v dispute_v to_o this_o day_n who_o be_v in_o the_o fault_n and_o begin_v this_o civil_a war_n whether_o the_o king_n or_o the_o parliament_n only_o thus_o much_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o king_n in_o none_o of_o his_o declaration_n ever_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o people_n have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v he_o in_o case_n he_o have_v make_v war_n upon_o they_o or_o have_v introduce_v arbitrary_a government_n and_o express_o own_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o one_o of_o the_o parliament_n message_n that_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o restrain_v tyranny_n but_o deny_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o still_o assert_v that_o he_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o just_a right_n and_o prerogative_n to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o they_o go_v about_o to_o take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n m._n i_o have_v with_o the_o great_a patience_n hearken_v to_o your_o history_n of_o resistance_n in_o all_o the_o king_n reign_v you_o have_v mention_v because_o i_o can_v desire_v any_o better_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o unlawfulness_n of_o such_o resistance_n than_o those_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o indemnity_n you_o can_v but_o confess_v have_v
still_o follow_v it_o even_o when_o the_o baron_n prove_v most_o fortunate_a as_o in_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n and_o that_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n and_o their_o follower_n nay_o after_o the_o former_a king_n have_v be_v unjust_o depose_v we_o still_o find_v the_o actor_n and_o complice_n of_o such_o wicked_a action_n do_v not_o think_v themselves_o safe_a till_o they_o have_v a_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v to_o they_o of_o all_o the_o robbery_n and_o murder_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o the_o war_n as_o yourself_o have_v recite_v in_o the_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o henry_n the_o four_o now_o if_o these_o resistance_n have_v not_o be_v downright_a rebellion_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v since_o no_o man_n needs_o a_o pardon_n but_o rather_o merit_v a_o reward_n for_o defend_v the_o government_n establish_v according_a to_o law_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n for_o which_o i_o be_o already_o prepare_v since_o i_o foresee_v you_o may_v make_v it_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o whether_o you_o can_v find_v the_o word_n treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n or_o murder_n in_o any_o of_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o if_o you_o can_v whether_o you_o think_v treason_n or_o murder_n can_v be_v pardon_v by_o general_a word_n or_o not_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o ask_v this_o question_n be_v because_o if_o they_o can_v not_o than_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o none_o of_o these_o parliament_n suppose_v that_o the_o resistance_n that_o have_v be_v make_v or_o all_o the_o other_o act_v perform_v in_o pursuance_n of_o such_o resistance_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o those_o that_o have_v do_v they_o no_o nor_o by_o the_o parliament_n itself_o to_o be_v treason_n rebellion_n or_o murder_n since_o certain_o those_o that_o be_v actor_n in_o such_o resistance_n and_o take_v up_o of_o arm_n have_v the_o power_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v have_v those_o word_n insert_v into_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n if_o they_o have_v suppose_v themselves_o guilty_a of_o those_o crime_n m._n i_o can_v say_v that_o the_o word_n treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o murder_n be_v express_o mention_v in_o these_o statute_n since_o even_o the_o actor_n in_o they_o do_v not_o think_v it_o for_o their_o credit_n to_o own_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o any_o such_o crime_n yet_o all_o the_o particular_a word_n and_o expression_n in_o these_o act_n amount_v to_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n for_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n with_o one_o that_o be_v not_o king_n against_o he_o that_o be_v &_o the_o actual_o seize_v upon_o his_o person_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o hold_n be_v treason_n at_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o be_v not_o take_v man_n good_n by_o force_n and_o destroy_v their_o person_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n rebellion_n and_o murder_n at_o common_a law_n so_o that_o if_o these_o be_v the_o fact_n they_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o and_o if_o these_o act_n be_v treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n and_o murder_n then_o certain_o all_o treason_n rebellion_n robbery_n and_o murder_n be_v likewise_o pardon_v by_o those_o statute_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n be_v now_o that_o no_o pardon_n of_o treason_n or_o murder_n shall_v be_v good_a unless_o those_o offence_n be_v particular_o name_v 1._o yet_o this_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o by_o which_o it_o be_v particular_o provide_v that_o no_o pardon_n shall_v be_v allow_v before_o any_o justice_n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n etc._n etc._n treason_n etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o same_o murder_n treason_n etc._n etc._n be_v specify_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n before_o which_o statute_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o second_o instit._n tell_v we_o 236._o that_o by_o the_o pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n treason_n be_v pardon_v and_o so_o be_v murder_n etc._n etc._n f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o fact_n you_o mention_n be_v treason_n in_o strictness_n of_o law_n before_o the_o make_v that_o statute_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o even_o these_o may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n justifiable_a as_o well_o as_o bind_v a_o king_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o his_o wit_n if_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o thus_o for_o example_n suppose_v king_n john_n after_o he_o have_v make_v actual_a war_n upon_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n have_v happen_v to_o have_v his_o force_n rout_v in_o the_o field_n can_v any_o one_o believe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o have_v secure_v his_o person_n to_o prevent_v his_o make_v a_o new_a war_n upon_o they_o and_o yet_o this_o by_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n have_v be_v treason_n now_o there_o be_v many_o action_n which_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n be_v treason_n yet_o be_v for_o the_o public_a defence_n and_o security_n of_o the_o nation_n deserve_v a_o pardon_n of_o course_n thus_o if_o foreign_a enemy_n shall_v land_v in_o england_n and_o a_o neighbour_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v raise_v on_o the_o sudden_a such_o a_o force_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v ahead_n against_o they_o till_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o country_n can_v come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n though_o this_o take_v up_o of_o arm_n without_o a_o express_a commission_n for_o it_o be_v a_o high_a misdemeanour_n âay_n treason_n according_a to_o your_o principle_n yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o it_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v pardon_n but_o thanks_o for_o their_o courage_n and_o so_o speedy_a assistance_n of_o the_o government_n and_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v read_v a_o famous_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o when_o the_o traitor_n concern_v in_o the_o powder-plot_n find_v themselves_o discover_v they_o flee_v into_o warwickshire_n and_o thence_o into_o worcestershire_n and_o be_v pursue_v and_o take_v by_o the_o high_a sheriff_n of_o that_o county_n in_o staffordshire_n which_o though_o a_o great_a misdemeanour_n since_o no_o sheriff_n can_v justify_v carry_v the_o posse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la out_o of_o the_o county_n yet_o this_o be_v so_o well_o take_v that_o king_n james_n the_o first_o reward_v he_o and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o knight_v he_o for_o his_o pain_n but_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o dispute_n though_o it_o be_v true_a take_v and_o imprison_v the_o king_n person_n be_v treason_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o if_o the_o government_n can_v not_o be_v restore_v to_o its_o pristine_a state_n without_o that_o extremity_n it_o must_v and_o will_v ever_o deserve_v a_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o you_o see_v the_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o not_o only_o pardon_n but_o justify_v the_o do_v of_o it_o because_o do_v for_o that_o end_n so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o chap._n 1._o not_o only_o indemnify_v but_o justify_v the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n the_o earl_n lord_n and_o all_o other_o of_o his_o party_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a though_o maintain_v and_o back_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o be_v do_v for_o the_o weal_n and_o safeguard_n of_o the_o â_z the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o salvation_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o much_o for_o the_o point_n of_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o imprison_v his_o person_n so_o that_o if_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o king_n and_o salvation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v just_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o viz._n the_o take_n of_o man_n good_n and_o kill_v of_o these_o that_o resist_v they_o can_v be_v robbery_n or_o murder_n because_o do_v in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n which_o can_v never_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o such_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o therefore_o you_o see_v in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o to_o the_o londoner_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o thâ_n king_n be_v as_o express_o pardon_v as_o those_o that_o be_v with_o the_o
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o pardon_v the_o treason_n of_o they_o that_o have_v commission_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o second_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o act_v by_o commission_n from_o other_o pretend_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o so_o modern_a a_o parliament_n man_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v act_v by_o âis_n commission_n if_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v illegal_a m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o justify_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o nay_o imprisonment_n of_o our_o king_n when_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n require_v it_o that_o be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o âaction_n in_o the_o kingdom_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o disturbance_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v for_o otho_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o kill_v galba_n than_o emperor_n that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o speak_v more_o for_o the_o justification_n of_o that_o action_n quod_fw-la laudari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la peractum_fw-la treason_n if_o successful_a have_v never_o want_v a_o sufficient_a party_n in_o the_o nation_n to_o make_v up_o a_o parliament_n to_o countenance_v they_o and_o to_o pardon_v nay_o justify_v all_o those_o that_o have_v be_v actor_n in_o they_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n you_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o the_o more_o convince_v that_o such_o resistance_n be_v lawful_a notwithstanding_o those_o specious_a declaration_n of_o parliament_n of_o their_o be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n but_o you_o have_v do_v very_o wary_o to_o pass_v by_o without_o any_o justification_n the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o resistance_n as_o you_o call_v it_o of_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o also_o his_o deposition_n though_o do_v in_o parliament_n since_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o this_o king_n be_v repeal_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o king_n reign_n wherein_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o his_o faith_n etc._n and_o legiance_n and_o his_o take_v the_o crown_n call_v usurpation_n and_o the_o kill_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o sovereign_a lord_n term_v as_o it_o just_o deserve_v murder_v and_o tyranny_n which_o do_v though_o not_o direct_o yet_o by_o consequence_n condemn_v his_o deposition_n too_o since_o he_o be_v after_o that_o here_o call_v king_n and_o you_o do_v as_o wary_o pass_v by_o the_o late_a rebellious_a war_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o also_o his_o horrid_a murder_n before_o his_o own_o gate_n because_o you_o know_v cry_v well_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n seldom_o stop_v with_o a_o bare_a reformation_n of_o what_o be_v amiss_o but_o common_o end_v with_o the_o murder_n or_o deposition_n of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o drive_v he_o from_o his_o throne_n as_o we_o now_o find_v it_o by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o person_n of_o our_o unfortunate_a king_n who_o be_v so_o late_o force_v to_o quit_v this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n and_o therefore_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o dispute_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o great_a mischief_n that_o attend_v this_o rebellious_a doctrine_n as_o have_v be_v the_o destruction_n of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a prince_n that_o ever_o reign_v and_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a man_n beside_o the_o ruin_n of_o so_o many_o great_a and_o noble_a family_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o prevent_v it_o for_o the_o future_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o pass_v those_o remarkable_a act_n concern_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o take_v away_o all_o dispute_n about_o it_o though_o they_o declare_v it_o to_o have_v be_v his_o ancient_n right_o and_o therefore_o to_o take_v away_o all_o pretence_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n either_o by_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o they_o in_o preamble_n to_o both_o these_o 6._o that_o these_o act_n thus_o express_o declare_v forasmuch_o as_o within_o all_o his_o majesty_n realm_n and_o dominion_n the_o sole_a supreme_a government_n command_v and_o disposition_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o of_o all_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o of_o all_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n over_o be_v the_o undoubted_a right_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o royal_a predecessor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n and_o that_o both_o or_o either_o house_n of_o parliament_n can_v nor_o aught_o to_o pretend_v to_o the_o same_o nor_o can_v lawful_o raise_v or_o âevy_v war_n offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n or_o lawful_a successor_n and_o yet_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o have_v of_o late_o be_v practise_v almost_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o during_o the_o late_a usurp_v government_n many_o evil_a and_o rebellious_a principle_n have_v be_v distil_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o unless_o prevent_v may_v break_v âorth_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v likewise_o ordain_v by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o 2d_o statute_n for_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n 3d._n wherein_o not_o only_o the_o same_o preamble_n be_v recite_v verbatim_o as_o before_o in_o the_o former_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v also_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n no_o not_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o act_v as_o lieutenant_n deputy_n lieutenant_n officer_z or_o soldier_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n unless_o after_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n they_o take_v this_o oath_n follow_v viz._n i_o a._n b._n do_v declare_v and_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o that_o i_o do_v abhor_v that_o traitor_n position_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v take_v by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o
no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâtended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o gervace_n of_o tiâbury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n 33._o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o bloâs_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o be_v most_o full_a to_o that_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v in_o the_o manuscript_n treatise_n call_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o according_a to_o the_o learned_a dr._n b_n translation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o secure_v themselves_o by_o flight_n from_o these_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n all_o hope_n of_o possess_v either_o land_n or_o rent_n be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o count_v it_o a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v their_o life_n give_v they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v call_v and_o solicit_v to_o fight_v against_o king_n william_n and_o do_v not_o if_o by_o a_o humble_a submission_n they_o can_v gain_v the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n they_o then_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o possess_v somewhat_o in_o their_o own_o person_n but_o without_o any_o right_n of_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o posterity_n their_o child_n enjoy_v it_o only_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n to_o who_o when_o they_o become_v unacceptable_a they_o be_v every_o way_n out_v of_o their_o estate_n neither_o will_v any_o restore_v what_o they_o have_v take_v away_o and_o when_o the_o miserable_a native_n represent_v their_o grievance_n public_o to_o the_o king_n inform_v he_o how_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o fortune_n and_o that_o without_o redress_n they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n upon_o consultation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o what_o they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o desert_n or_o lawful_a bargain_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o âunqestionable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v conquer_a under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v be_v manifest_a say_v gervacâ_n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n âavour_n therefore_o whoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a nation_n possess_v land_n etc._n etc._n obtain_v they_o not_o as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n this_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a come_v from_o a_o author_n of_o such_o credit_n and_o live_v so_o very_a near_o the_o time_n but_o beside_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o divers_a other_o author_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o you_o but_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o moreâa_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n and_o that_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o whole_a county_n to_o divers_a great_a man_n appear_v by_o domesday_n book_n wherein_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o chester_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o âupus_fw-la a_o norman_a so_o likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o monâgomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâitain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o âlan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o give_v to_o the_o norman_n who_o take_v their_o title_n from_o king_n william_n conquer_a sword_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o this_o king_n have_v distribute_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o norman_n long_o before_o the_o survey_n be_v begin_v and_o by_o that_o infallible_a record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o give_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o follower_n and_o very_o little_a or_o none_o to_o the_o english_a who_o hold_v that_o they_o have_v his_o new_a title_n and_o new_a service_n from_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o great_a lord_n or_o become_v tenant_n to_o or_o drudge_n upon_o their_o own_o land_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o from_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n here_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v any_o unbiased_a person_n that_o thâ_n conqueror_n do_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o sword_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o apparent_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o be_v a_o high_a piece_n of_o impudence_n to_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o what_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o be_o a_o fair_a adversary_n i_o will_v at_o present_a suppose_n that_o k._n william_n take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n from_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n who_o help_v he_o in_o his_o conquest_n but_o these_o be_v not_o only_o the_o norman_n his_o subject_n but_o french_a fleming_n anjovins_n britain_n poictovins_n and_o people_n of_o other_o â_z who_o make_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o come_v in_o with_o he_o under_o great_a and_o considerable_a man_n their_o leader_n and_o who_o your_o dr._n tell_v we_o come_v not_o out_o of_o staâk_a love_n and_o kindness_n 35._o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o share_v with_o and_o under_o he_o in_o the_o conquest_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n or_o act_n of_o they_o they_o thus_o constitute_v k._n william_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n for_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n though_o they_o be_v its_o true_a his_o subject_n yet_o they_o enjoy_v divers_a considerable_a right_n and_o privilege_n at_o home_n and_o sure_o never_o intend_v to_o come_v over_o hither_o to_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o people_n they_o have_v conquer_a much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v of_o these_o of_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o subject_n to_o duke_n william_n before_o
appear_v by_o the_o title_n to_o the_o latin_a custom_n of_o normandy_n which_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a french_a edition_n of_o the_o constumiers_fw-fr de_fw-fr normandy_n print_v at_o râaâ_n 1515._o the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thuâ_n jura_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la ducatus_fw-la noâmaniae_fw-la the_o prologue_n to_o which_o begin_v thus_o quoniam_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o instituta_fw-la quae_fw-la normanorum_n principes_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la magna_fw-la provisionis_fw-la industria_n praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la prudentum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la humani_fw-la foederis_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o normandy_n be_v make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o that_o humane_a covenant_n they_o have_v former_o make_v with_o their_o first_o duke_n rollo_n when_o he_o have_v that_o duchy_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o whoever_o will_v consult_v the_o ancient_a history_n and_o law_n of_o that_o duchy_n will_v find_v theââ_n duke_n of_o normandy_n no_o more_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o than_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v so_o that_o if_o their_o duke_n shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o estate_n or_o enslave_v the_o person_n of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n and_o people_n he_o may_v just_o have_v be_v resist_v by_o they_o and_o therefore_o their_o take_a land_n from_o k._n william_n after_o his_o pretend_a conquest_n here_o must_v either_o have_v confer_v a_o estate_n upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o normandy_n not_o according_a to_o the_o former_a for_o you_o assert_v that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n be_v general_o introduce_v by_o his_o come_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n law_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v then_o no_o far_o subject_n to_o their_o duke_n by_o that_o tenure_n when_o make_v king_n of_o england_n than_o they_o be_v whilst_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o normandy_n viz._n only_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v these_o estate_n so_o that_o if_o their_o duke_n be_v not_o irresistible_a by_o they_o in_o case_n of_o tyranny_n in_o his_o own_o country_n so_o he_o be_v also_o here_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n since_o whatever_o he_o do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o english_a he_o can_v acquire_v no_o new_a right_n over_o they_o and_o that_o a_o oath_n of_o homage_n alone_o do_v not_o make_v the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v take_v irresistible_a if_o he_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o his_o vassal_n appear_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n themselves_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v that_o duchy_n by_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n to_o he_o upon_o every_o king_n accession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o be_v his_o liegeman_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o his_o lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o say_a duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o may_v the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n have_v resist_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o case_n he_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o they_o nor_o be_v ever_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n accuse_v of_o rebellion_n for_o so_o do_v in_o all_o the_o war_n that_o they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o the_o hold_v of_o a_o estate_n by_o homage_n do_v not_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v be_v irresistible_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n of_o allegiance_n signify_v any_o more_o than_o that_o duty_n which_o the_o liegeman_n by_o the_o old_a norman_a law_n owe_v to_o their_o supreme_a lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n do_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o estate_n or_o to_o invade_v any_o of_o their_o just_a right_n by_o force_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o tenant_n to_o defy_v the_o lord_n and_o renounce_v their_o homage_n to_o they_o 388._o for_o which_o they_o use_v the_o barbarous_a latin_a word_n diffidare_fw-la in_o french_a to_o defy_v that_o be_v to_o renounce_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n which_o before_o they_o owe_v they_o and_o the_o supreme_a lord_n also_o oftentimes_o defy_v their_o tenant_n thus_o mat._n paris_n tell_v in_o anno_fw-la 1233._o that_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n defy_v richard_n the_o earl_n marshal_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v we_o find_v the_o earl_n justify_v himself_o in_o this_o manner_n 398._o be_v then_o in_o ireland_n first_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o never_o act_v treasonable_o against_o the_o king_n for_o he_o have_v unjust_o spoil_v i_o of_o my_o office_n of_o marshal_n without_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n and_o have_v proclaim_v i_o banish_v through_o all_o england_n he_o have_v burn_v my_o house_n destroy_v my_o land_n etc._n etc._n he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o defy_v i_o when_o i_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n from_o which_o time_n say_v he_o i_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o king_n liegeman_n and_o be_v absolve_v from_o his_o homage_n not_o by_o myself_o but_o by_o he_o and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o though_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n can_v forfeit_v his_o right_n though_o he_o break_v his_o part_n of_o the_o compact_a because_o of_o the_o inequality_n which_o there_o be_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o subject_a then_o this_o prerogative_n of_o nonresistance_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o land_n but_o as_o he_o be_v king_n and_o giveth_z law_n to_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v have_v some_o colour_n of_o truth_n in_o absolute_a monarchy_n but_o be_v of_o no_o force_n either_o in_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n or_o england_n where_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o estate_n never_o can_v alone_o make_v law_n but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v our_o government_n to_o be_v a_o monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n either_o by_o the_o saxon_n or_o norman_n begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o therefore_o my_o conclusion_n still_o hold_v good_a that_o if_o the_o english_a have_v now_o succeed_v to_o those_o very_a land_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o norman_n ancient_o enjoy_v than_o whatsoever_o right_o or_o liberty_n the_o english_a proprietor_n of_o estate_n do_v at_o this_o day_n enjoy_v they_o do_v not_o only_o hold_v they_o as_o the_o successor_n and_o descendant_n of_o those_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n but_o be_v also_o restore_v to_o they_o jure_fw-la postliminii_fw-la as_o you_o civilian_n term_v it_o since_o they_o never_o submit_v themselves_o or_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o his_o heir_n but_o only_o to_o himself_o personal_o there_o be_v no_o such_o clause_n in_o any_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n till_o it_o be_v so_o ordain_v many_o age_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o four_o nor_o be_v this_o oath_n ever_o take_v by_o our_o english_a ancestor_n to_o k._n william_n as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n but_o the_o lawful_a successor_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o k._n william_n actual_a take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n contrary_a to_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o without_o any_o just_a oâuse_n can_v no_o more_o give_v he_o a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v than_o if_o henry_n the_o four_o or_o henry_n the_o seven_o both_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a force_n shall_v upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o be_v conqueror_n have_v govern_v by_o a_o army_n and_o so_o have_v take_v away_o who_o estate_n they_o please_v and_o give_v they_o to_o their_o follower_n that_o come_v over_o with_o they_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v this_o matter_n with_o you_o any_o further_a therefore_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o other_o point_v you_o take_v upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o king_n william_n do_v not_o take_v away_o so_o great_a a_o share_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dr._n and_o those_o of_o our_o opinion_n affirm_v f._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n own_o show_v your_o conqueror_n never_o take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o england_n much_o less_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o these_o last_o range_v the_o person_n you_o mention_v but_o fleta_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr sokemannis_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o man_n be_v tenant_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a manor_n in_o demean_v &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la dignoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la nâ_n sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tune_n socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o king_n william_n may_v permit_v his_o ancient_a tenant_n to_o be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o hold_v in_o his_o own_o demesne_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o ancient_a owner_n all_o over_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o be_v or_o of_o whosoever_o hold_v but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o king_n william_n after_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n liberal_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a which_o may_v he_o only_o of_o such_o as_o fight_v against_o he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o as_o for_o that_o little_a which_o be_v leave_v they_o which_o he_o say_v be_v put_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o a_o perpetual_a servitude_n he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o this_o expression_n than_o that_o new_a tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n which_o king_n william_n impose_v upon_o they_o as_o this_o author_n in_o the_o very_a next_o leaf_n speak_v of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n sub_fw-la servitute_fw-la statuit_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o therefore_o you_o seem_v to_o contradict_v yourself_o when_o contrary_n to_o your_o own_o author_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n you_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o story_n because_o that_o in_o doomsday_n book_n the_o name_n of_o edwin_n of_o sharnborn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o that_o william_n de_fw-fr albeni_n be_v not_o name_v among_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o manor_n which_o be_v not_o material_a since_o this_o william_n may_v obtain_v a_o share_n therein_o after_o this_o survey_n be_v make_v 103._o and_o as_o for_o sharnborn_a himself_o his_o not_o be_v there_o mention_v be_v no_o argument_n that_o he_o have_v no_o land_n within_o that_o manor_n or_o the_o other_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o that_o narrative_a since_o oftentimes_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n though_o all_o the_o proprietor_n under_o they_o be_v not_o particular_o name_v but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o discourse_v any_o long_o with_o you_o upon_o the_o subject_a of_o your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o english_a owner_n i_o have_v give_v you_o my_o opinion_n and_o the_o reason_n against_o it_o and_o if_o you_o be_v not_o of_o my_o mind_n i_o can_v help_v it_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o your_o next_o head_n and_o show_v i_o by_o sufficient_a authority_n that_o king_n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n alter_v all_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n m._n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o alter_v all_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o bring_v in_o quite_o new_a one_o yet_o that_o he_o do_v so_o in_o great_a part_n and_o that_o by_o his_o sole_a authority_n i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v by_o sufficient_a testimony_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o of_o eadmer_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n a_o companion_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n who_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o william_n design_v to_o establish_v in_o england_n those_o usage_n and_o law_n 32._o which_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o observe_v in_o normandy_n make_v such_o person_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n through_o the_o whole_a nation_n who_o can_v not_o be_v think_v so_o unworthy_a as_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o reluctancy_n and_o disobedience_n to_o they_o know_v by_o who_o and_o to_o what_o they_o be_v raise_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n he_o order_v at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o after_o the_o historian_n have_v recount_v in_o what_o thing_n he_o disallow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n he_o conclude_v thus_o but_o what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_a matter_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o it_o be_v not_o my_o purpose_n and_o because_o also_o any_o one_o may_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v guess_v what_o he_o do_v in_o secular_o from_o which_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o k._n william_n do_v not_o only_a design_n to_o alter_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o do_v also_o actual_o do_v it_o since_o to_o that_o end_n he_o make_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o principal_a man_n who_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n in_o all_o court_n such_o as_o he_o can_v whole_o confide_v in_o now_o that_o k._n william_n govern_v the_o nation_n as_o conqueror_n and_o do_v so_o live_v and_o repute_v himself_o so_o to_o be_v and_o as_o such_o bring_v in_o and_o impose_v new_a law_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o these_o particular_n first_o the_o justiciaries_n or_o chief_n justice_n the_o chancellor_n the_o lawyer_n the_o ministerial_a officer_n and_o under_o judge_n earls_z sheriff_n bailiff_n hundre_v duty_n be_v all_o norman_n from_o his_o first_o come_v until_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o as_o i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o by_o particular_a instance_n and_o undeniable_a reason_n be_v not_o the_o catalogue_n too_o long_o to_o be_v here_o insert_v if_o therefore_o the_o justiciaries_n chancellor_n earl_n sheriff_n lord_n of_o manor_n such_o as_o hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n be_v norman_n if_o the_o lawyer_n and_o pleader_n be_v also_o norman_n the_o plead_n and_o judgement_n in_o their_o several_a court_n must_n of_o necessity_n have_v be_v in_o that_o language_n and_o the_o law_n also_o i_o mean_v the_o norman_a law_n otherwise_o they_o have_v say_v and_o do_v they_o know_v not_o what_o and_o judged_n they_o know_v not_o how_o especial_o when_o the_o controversy_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o military_a man_n as_o earls_z sheriff_n lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n that_o understand_v not_o the_o english_a tongue_n or_o law_n or_o when_o the_o chief_n justiciary_a himself_n be_v a_o military_a man_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v and_o understand_v only_o the_o norman_a language_n and_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v believe_v these_o man_n will_v give_v themselves_o the_o trouble_n of_o learning_n and_o understand_v the_o english_a law_n and_o language_n second_o though_o we_o have_v many_o law_n and_o custom_n from_o the_o northern_a people_n and_o north_n part_n of_o germany_n from_o whence_o both_o saxon_n and_o norman_n come_v yet_o after_o the_o conquest_n the_o bulk_n and_o main_n of_o our_o law_n be_v bring_v hither_o from_o normandy_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o whence_o we_o receive_v the_o tenor_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v our_o estate_n in_o every_o respect_n from_o whence_o also_o have_v we_o receive_v the_o custom_n incident_a to_o those_o estate_n and_o likewise_o the_o quality_n of_o they_o being_n most_o of_o they_o feudal_n and_o enjoy_v under_o several_a military_a condition_n and_o service_n so_o that_o of_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o thence_o we_o must_v receive_v the_o law_n also_o by_o which_o these_o tenor_n and_o the_o custom_n incident_a to_o they_o be_v regulate_v and_o by_o which_o every_o man_n right_a in_o such_o estate_n be_v secure_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o from_o normandy_n and_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o receive_v most_o if_o not_o all_o
thing_n be_v consider_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o judge_n and_o clerk_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n entrust_v with_o the_o draw_v up_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o french_a than_o latin_a tongue_n choose_v rather_o to_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o former_a and_o thus_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o when_o our_o statute_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o enroll_v in_o english_a m_o i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o great_a light_n in_o this_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v before_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n with_o those_o clog_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o of_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n be_v all_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a customer_n of_o normandy_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o these_o be_v now_o take_v away_o by_o a_o late_a statute_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o second_o yet_o since_o this_o tenure_n and_o those_o service_n be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o saxon_a law_n there_o can_v be_v a_o great_a proof_n of_o the_o ancient_a power_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o of_o the_o servitude_n impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n by_o he_o and_o therefore_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o very_a imprudent_a part_n of_o the_o late_a k._n charles_n to_o part_v with_o so_o great_a a_o tie_n which_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o kingdom_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o decide_v whether_o it_o be_v politic_o do_v or_o not_o of_o k._n charles_n the_o second_o to_o part_v with_o the_o wardship_n and_o service_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n but_o this_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o consider_v the_o abuse_n and_o corruption_n that_o have_v creep_v into_o that_o tenure_n by_o degree_n since_o the_o first_o institution_n both_o by_o the_o unfit_a marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n as_o also_o by_o the_o waste_n that_o be_v often_o time_n commit_v on_o the_o ward_n estate_n during_o his_o minority_n it_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a great_a grievance_n and_o burden_n to_o the_o subject_n and_o consider_v how_o many_o of_o those_o wardship_n be_v beg_v by_o hungry_a courtier_n they_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a profit_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o be_v a_o very_a great_a tie_n or_o rather_o clog_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o thereby_o produce_v any_o such_o love_n or_o obedience_n as_o will_v retain_v the_o tenant_n better_o in_o their_o duty_n before_o than_o since_o they_o be_v grant_v away_o for_o the_o forfeiture_n for_o treason_n and_o felony_n and_o also_o fine_n for_o alienation_n and_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o grow_v now_o as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o as_o for_o any_o love_n or_o respect_v which_o be_v ancient_o pay_v by_o the_o heir_n how_o can_v there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o the_o king_n grant_v away_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o his_o land_n to_o person_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v a_o mere_a prey_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o be_v often_o marry_v against_o their_o consent_n and_o their_o estate_n be_v deliver_v to_o they_o waste_v and_o spoil_v beside_o also_o what_o be_v exact_v from_o they_o for_o relief_n and_o ouster_n lismaine_v we_o need_v not_o wonder_v if_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o cause_n of_o secret_a discontent_n and_o hatred_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n than_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v think_v it_o be_v not_o so_o unpolitick_o do_v by_o the_o king_n to_o render_v himself_o gracious_a and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o people_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o grant_v their_o request_n and_o pass_v that_o act_n for_o take_v away_o ward_n and_o livery_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o a_o revenue_n by_o excise_n of_o treble_a the_o value_n in_o stead_n of_o it_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o original_a of_o knight_n service_n itself_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o norman_n since_o we_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v thane_n land_n in_o england_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o knight_n service_n before_o king_n william_n come_v over_o and_o there_o be_v also_o middle_a thanes_z who_o hold_v of_o those_o lord_n above_o they_o by_o the_o like_a service_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o law_n of_o k._n knutâ_n there_o be_v one_o concern_v the_o heriot_n 69._o which_o a_o earl_n the_o king_n thane_n as_o well_o as_o inferior_a thanes_z be_v to_o pay_v not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o other_o inferior_a lord_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o be_v afterward_o reserve_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v by_o k._n william_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o in_o ingulph_n only_o there_o be_v no_o gold_n reserve_v but_o only_a horse_n and_o arm_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n knute_n each_o e._n be_v to_o pay_v two_o hundred_o manenses_n of_o gold_n each_o king_n thane_n fifty_o and_o each_o inferior_a thane_n two_o pound_n only_a note_n that_o he_o who_o be_v call_v e._n in_o k._n knutes_n law_n be_v call_v a_o count_n in_o these_o the_o thane_n a_o baron_n and_o the_o inferior_a thane_n a_o vavasor_n and_o that_o which_o be_v there_o call_v a_o ãâã_d be_v here_o term_v a_o relief_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v now_o call_v escuage_z or_o servitium_n scuti_fw-la be_v of_o ancient_a time_n name_v expeditio_fw-la hominum_fw-la cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la and_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o dane_n 192._o be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o sir_n e._n coke_n in_o his_o four_o inst._n tell_v we_o that_o we_o may_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n kenulph_n who_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 821._o grant_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o abbindon_n many_o manor_n and_o land_n and_o reserve_v quod_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la duodecim_fw-la virorum_fw-la cum_fw-la tantis_fw-la scutis_fw-la exerceant_fw-la antiqâos_fw-la pontes_fw-la &_o arces_fw-la renovent_fw-la and_o also_o he_o mention_n a_o like_a charter_n of_o k._n ethelred_n to_o a_o knight_n call_v athelâeâ_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 995_o so_o that_o you_o see_v not_o only_o spiritual_a person_n and_o great_a thanes_z or_o baron_n but_o also_o knight_n hold_v land_n by_o the_o service_n of_o so_o many_o man_n before_o your_o conqueror_n and_o your_o dr._n also_o himself_o allow_v it_o for_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n in_o all_o ancient_a charter_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n he_o translate_v the_o word_n fidelâs_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n m._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o military_a fee_n be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o also_o that_o the_o feudal_a law_n do_v obtain_v here_o in_o many_o thing_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n opinion_n who_o in_o his_o gossary_a tit._n feudal_n law_n tell_v we_o the_o feudal_n law_n obtain_v to_o most_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o normandy_n be_v in_o its_o full_a vigour_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n over_o of_o the_o conqueror_n 3._o but_o afterward_o grow_v more_o mild_a and_o qualify_v as_o also_o the_o tenure_n itself_o a_o perfect_a description_n of_o which_o with_o all_o its_o incident_n of_o homage_n relief_n ward_n marriage_n escuage_z aid_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a customer_n cap._n 29.33_o 34_o 35._o and_o although_o there_o be_v military_a fief_n or_o fee_n here_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n yet_o not_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o after_o the_o conquest_n establish_v here_o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n in_o normandy_n when_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o doomesday-book_n in_o every_o county_n he_o divide_v most_o if_o not_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n among_o his_o norman_n and_o follower_n now_o that_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n you_o shall_v find_v in_o sir_n e._n cook_n four_o institutes_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n you_o last_o cite_v 193._o as_o you_o may_v here_o read_v you_o have_v hear_v before_o de_fw-la regali_fw-la servitio_fw-la before_o the_o conquest_n but_o that_o regalâ_n servicium_fw-la which_o be_v knight_n service_n draw_v unto_o it_o relief_n but_o neither_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n or_o of_o the_o land_n as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o conqueror_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o royal_a service_n as_o a_o badge_n of_o the_o conquest_n take_v the_o wardship_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o
heir_n within_o age_n of_o such_o tenant_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o subject_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n dicitur_fw-la regale_n seâvitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestis_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereupon_o sir_n e._n c._n note_n in_o the_o margin_n the_o tenure_n as_o before_o it_o appear_v be_v not_o then_o invent_v but_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o tenure_n of_o the_o k._n viz._n wardship_n and_o marriage_n which_o be_v bracton_n meaning_n so_o as_o the_o conqueror_n provide_v for_o himself_o but_o other_o lord_n at_o the_o first_o by_o special_a reservation_n since_o the_o conquest_n provide_v upon_o gift_n of_o land_n for_o themselves_o regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplum_fw-la totuâ_fw-la componitur_fw-la orbis_fw-la wherein_o that_o which_o we_o have_v from_o the_o conqueror_n we_o free_o confess_v f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v his_o matter_n since_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n and_o though_o sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v of_o opinion_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr wardiâ_n that_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n yet_o sir_n john_n his_o son_n who_o be_v also_o a_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o epilogue_n to_o his_o second_o book_n of_o k._n alfred_n life_n print_v at_o oxford_n speak_v of_o military_a fee_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n thanes_z 117._o have_v this_o passage_n haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la fioda_n baeredibus_fw-la sub_fw-la hereoti_n siâe_fw-la relevaminis_fw-la cujus_fw-la piam_fw-la quod_fw-la haeres_fw-la in_o terrae_fw-la redemptionem_fw-la regi_fw-la solvere_fw-la tenebatur_fw-la conditione_n plerumque_fw-la transibat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la haeres_fw-la minor_fw-la natu_fw-la à _fw-la patre_fw-la moriente_fw-la relinquebatur_fw-la regi_fw-la educatio_fw-la ojus_fw-la utpoââ_n regis_n hominis_fw-la committebatur_fw-la in_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o use_n in_o k._n william_n time_n or_o before_o be_v uncertain_a for_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o mat._n paris_n grant_v either_o to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o heir_n but_o let_v these_o custom_n be_v derive_v from_o whence_o you_o please_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o by_o the_o doctor_n own_o show_v for_o be_v it_o a_o norman_a custom_n never_o so_o much_o if_o your_o conqueror_n first_o of_o all_o impose_v it_o upon_o those_o he_o bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o badge_n of_o slavery_n upon_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o rather_o upon_o the_o norman_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v chief_o impose_v and_o if_o they_o afterward_o grant_v land_n to_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o same_o term_n they_o hold_v they_o themselves_o they_o be_v no_o more_o slave_n to_o who_o they_o be_v grant_v than_o they_o be_v under_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o but_o indeed_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o my_o badge_n of_o servitude_n that_o if_o the_o dr._n himself_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v these_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n homines_fw-la and_o their_o service_n bracton_n say_v be_v so_o notorious_o free_a that_o in_o writ_n of_o right_n it_o be_v never_o mention_v because_o so_o well_o know_v notandum_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quod_fw-la constat_fw-la quia_fw-la tale_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o hour_n rigorous_a the_o feudal_n law_n may_v be_v at_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v when_o your_o conqueror_n come_v in_o so_o far_o mitigate_v as_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o that_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o only_o free_a by_o k._n william_n law_n from_o all_o arbitrary_a tax_n and_o tally_n but_o also_o obtain_v a_o settle_a inheritance_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n in_o k._n william_n charter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o william_n of_o warren_n earl_n of_o surrey_n be_v question_v after_o the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la by_o the_o king_n justice_n by_o what_o warrant_n he_o hold_v his_o land_n 79._o pull_v out_o a_o old_a sword_n he_o answer_v to_o this_o effect_n behold_v my_o lord_n here_o be_v my_o warranty_n my_o ancestor_n come_v into_o this_o land_n with_o william_n the_o bastard_n and_o obtain_v those_o land_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o i_o be_o resolve_v with_o this_o sword_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o any_o whosoever_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o dispossess_v i_o for_o the_o k._n do_v not_o himself_o alone_o conquer_v the_o land_n but_o our_o progenitor_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o and_o assistant_n therein_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o divers_a french_a writer_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o do_v not_o attribute_v their_o agreement_n to_o their_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o norman_n 461._o but_o quite_o contrary_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n most_o of_o the_o learned_a man_n say_v that_o the_o first_o establish_v of_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o afterward_o again_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n when_o normandy_n be_v not_o under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o sâquerius_n a_o french_a author_n relate_v that_o k._n henry_n i_o establish_v the_o english_a law_n in_o normandy_n and_o with_o he_o do_v also_o agree_v gulielmus_fw-la brito_n rutilarius_fw-la and_o other_o french_a writer_n who_o mention_n also_o that_o the_o law_n in_o the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o law_n collect_v by_o our_o english_a k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o be_v before_o the_o conqueror_n a_o additional_a testimony_n hereof_o be_v out_o of_o william_n de_fw-fr reville_n de_fw-fr alenson_n who_o in_o his_o latin_a comment_n upon_o the_o customary_a preface_n prove_v and_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o normandy_n come_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o nation_n either_o not_o long_o before_o or_o after_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n in_o the_o customary_a there_o be_v a_o chapter_n of_o nampe_n or_o distress_n and_o it_o be_v there_o decree_v that_o one_o shall_v not_o bring_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o seizure_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o k._n richard_n and_o this_o must_v be_v our_o k._n richard_n the_o first_o because_o no_o k._n of_o france_n be_v ever_o of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o word_n nampe_n and_o withernams_n be_v saxon_a word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o english_a law_n signify_v a_o pawn_n or_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v use_v in_o the_o customary_a but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o object_n against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v proceed_v to_o your_o last_o head_n and_o let_v i_o see_v how_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o english_a lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v under_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n m._n i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o before_o concern_v the_o original_a use_n of_o the_o french_a tongue_n in_o our_o report_n and_o law_n book_n but_o yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v first_o that_o the_o norman_a french_a be_v never_o use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o justice_n till_o after_o the_o conqueror_n entrance_n second_o that_o he_o do_v his_o endeavour_n total_o to_o root_v out_o the_o english_a tongue_n by_o order_v of_o child_n to_o learn_v the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o their_o grammar_n in_o french_a and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o customary_a of_o normandy_n be_v especial_o as_o to_o tenor_n derive_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o custom_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o french_a writer_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o shall_v believe_v it_o when_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o
each_o man_n pepzylo_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o set_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n athâlstan_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o divers_a lesser_a thing_n which_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o offensive_a weapon_n forbid_v they_o to_o hunt_n or_o kill_v any_o deer_n in_o his_o chase_n or_o forest_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n as_o also_o keep_v up_o and_o reinforcing_a the_o ancient_a law_n of_o decenaries_n or_o tything_n whereby_o every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v with_o their_o ten_o man_n or_o tthe_a man_n body_n for_o body_n of_o each_o other_o good_a abearance_n as_o also_o that_o law_n forbid_v all_o sit_v up_o late_o at_o night_n or_o assembly_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o bed_n and_o put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n at_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o coverteâ_n bell_n these_o thing_n i_o think_v be_v very_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n do_v very_o much_o abridge_v and_o in_o some_o thing_n whole_o take_v away_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o lâgiâsh_a nobility_n clergy_n and_o commons_o and_o do_v also_o make_v many_o and_o great_a alteration_n not_o only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_n but_o also_o in_o the_o very_a ãâã_d of_o our_o law_n both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o make_v more_o âââerations_n of_o thâ_n kind_n it_o be_v whole_o owe_v to_o his_o free_a will_n and_o pleasure_n since_o aâ_n eâdmerus_n tell_v we_o he_o order_v all_o divine_a and_o secular_a thing_n accord_v to_o his_o pleasure_n f._n that_o i_o may_v the_o better_a answer_n what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v partly_o grant_v and_o partly_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v allege_v and_o also_o further_o prove_v that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o as_o you_o have_v lay_v they_o yet_o will_v they_o not_o prove_v your_o conclusion_n that_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n can_v create_v any_o right_n by_o conquest_n either_o to_o he_o or_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o head_n viz._n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n as_o to_o office_n and_o dignity_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a as_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v relate_v that_o sâarce_o any_o englishman_n be_v when_o they_o write_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o abbot_n yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o latter_a end_n and_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o as_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n i_o do_v not_o read_v of_o any_o more_o than_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o egelric_n bishop_n of_o durham_n who_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o bishopric_n have_v successor_n put_v in_o their_o room_n in_o their_o life_n time_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o place_n of_o this_o last_o not_o any_o norman_a but_o one_o walcher_n a_o english_a man_n be_v name_v by_o the_o k._n to_o succeed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o and_o oppose_v his_o come_n in_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o he_o receive_v they_o into_o savour_n and_o continue_v in_o his_o dignity_n and_o estate_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o earl_n eadwin_n and_o morchar_n brother_n together_o with_o waltheof_n and_o siward_n and_o edgar_z aââeling_n who_o they_o have_v name_v k._n of_o england_n all_o who_o keep_v their_o earldom_n and_o estate_n till_o terrify_v by_o the_o king_n severe_a and_o tyrannical_a proceed_n the_o three_o first_o of_o these_o âled_v away_o as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v though_o i_o confess_v prince_n edgar_n have_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o this_o flee_v into_o scotland_n but_o yet_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o estate_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o king_n manner_n of_o dispose_n of_o his_o honour_n or_o preferment_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a till_o earl_n waltheo_n be_v convict_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plot_n with_o ralph_n de_fw-fr waher_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o other_o lord_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o expel_v k._n william_n and_o from_o that_o time_n be_v the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n i_o grant_v he_o change_v his_o whole_a course_n of_o government_n and_o put_v no_o more_o englishman_n into_o any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o profit_n though_o w._n malmesbury_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o king_n severity_n in_o these_o word_n ind_n prâpositum_fw-la regis_fw-la fortassis_fw-la meritò_fw-la excusatur_fw-la siâaliquando_fw-la durior_fw-la in_o anglos_n âuârit_n quod_fw-la penâ_n nullum_fw-la eorum_fw-la fidelem_fw-la invenerit_fw-la though_o with_o this_o author_n good_a leave_n the_o k._n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o conspiracy_n by_o his_o own_o tyranny_n and_o breach_n of_o oath_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o either_o this_o k._n be_v move_v by_o just_a provocation_n thus_o to_o debar_v all_o englishman_n from_o be_v prefer_v to_o dignity_n or_o office_n or_o he_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a and_o that_o he_o have_v just_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o any_o other_o foreign_a prince_n who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v do_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o if_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o justice_n but_o also_o to_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n one_o clause_n of_o which_o as_o malmesbury_n show_v we_o in_o his_o de_fw-la gestis_fw-la 271._o pontificum_fw-la be_v quod_fw-la se_fw-la modeste_fw-la erga_fw-la subditos_fw-la ageret_fw-la &_o aequo_fw-la jure_fw-la anglos_n &_o francos_fw-la tractaret_fw-la so_o that_o this_o king_n arbitrary_a and_o violent_a proceed_n after_o he_o have_v âor_a some_o time_n govern_v as_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o they_o may_v prove_v he_o a_o tyrant_n yet_o they_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v he_o a_o conqueror_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o in_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o can_v only_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o the_o time_n after_o the_o great_a conspiracy_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v for_o before_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v many_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n still_o leave_v who_o must_v have_v be_v member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n i_o have_v mention_v against_o the_o king_n take_v the_o taillage_n or_o tax_n without_o their_o consent_n be_v make_v after_o that_o time_n but_o let_v it_o be_v make_v when_o it_o will_v you_o shall_v never_o persuade_v i_o it_o be_v enact_v without_o any_o englishmen_n being_n present_a till_o yâu_n can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v no_o english_a tenant_n in_o câpite_fw-la towards_o the_o end_n of_o ãâã_d reign_n and_o that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n that_o represent_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o can_v give_v a_o better_a answer_n to_o those_o argument_n i_o have_v give_v you_o to_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o especial_o that_o remarkable_a clause_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o king_n charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o mention_n divers_a principal_a person_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o that_o famous_a synod_n or_o great_a council_n when_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v i_o come_v now_o to_o your_o next_o head_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v this_o king_n abridgement_n of_o english_a privilege_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n and_o property_n to_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n which_o as_o you_o say_v be_v then_o whole_o in_o the_o king_n admit_v it_o be_v so_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o urge_v it_o viz._n that_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o king_n absolute_a conquest_n over_o the_o english_a for_o if_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o lose_v its_o ancient_a right_n it_o be_v only_o his_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a that_o he_o bereave_v of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o law_n since_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o neither_o the_o k._n of_o france_n nor_o the_o d._n of_o normandy_n can_v at_o that_o time_n make_v any_o law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o your_o conqueror_n can_v not_o do_v it_o neither_o for_o if_o the_o norman_n
if_o the_o king_n have_v seize_v all_o the_o english_a estate_n without_o any_o legal_a trial_n 101._o as_o for_o example_n in_o essex_n in_o barnstable_n hundred_o in_o burâ_fw-la de_fw-la istis_fw-la hidis_fw-la est_fw-la una_fw-la de_fw-fr hominibus_fw-la soris_fw-la sactis_fw-la erga_fw-la regem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o way_n of_o expression_n in_o the_o active_a voice_n we_o find_v in_o noâfolk_n earl_n ralf_n hold_v such_o land_n quando_fw-la se_fw-la foris_fw-la fecit_fw-la but_o more_o particular_o in_o cambridgeshire_n in_o wardune_n hardwin_n hold_v of_o richard_n ancestor_n but_o ralf_n wader_n hold_v it_o die_fw-la quo_fw-la deliquiâ_n contra_fw-la regem_fw-la all_o which_o will_v never_o have_v be_v insert_v can_v this_o king_n have_v take_v away_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n without_o any_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o justice_n and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v in_o all_o the_o historian_n of_o his_o time_n that_o after_o the_o great_a plot_n wherein_o so_o many_o norman_a as_o well_o as_o english_a lord_n be_v concern_v and_o for_o which_o roger_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o ralph_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n both_o norman_n have_v conspire_v with_o earl_n waltheof_n and_o other_o english_a lord_n to_o call_v in_o the_o dane_n and_o dispossess_v the_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v convict_v by_o a_o legal_a trial_n of_o their_o peer_n and_o suffer_v death_n for_o it_o so_o that_o in_o this_o he_o distribute_v equal_a justice_n to_o the_o norman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a who_o thereupon_o forfeit_v all_o their_o estate_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o there_o be_v some_o native_a englishman_n still_o lest_o who_o though_o they_o have_v be_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n yet_o be_v nevertheless_o reconcile_v to_o he_o and_o restore_v to_o their_o estate_n as_o for_o example_n ederic_n surname_v the_o forester_n 636._o who_o as_o florence_z of_o worcester_z tell_v we_o be_v reconcile_v to_o king_n william_n and_o accompany_v he_o into_o scotland_n soon_o after_o as_o also_o herward_o the_o son_n of_o leofric_n lord_n of_o brunne_a who_o have_v lose_v his_o estate_n and_o be_v outlawed_n as_o ingulph_n tell_v we_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n william_n 68_o and_o join_v himself_o with_o those_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n and_o yet_o after_o divers_a great_a battle_n as_o well_o against_o the_o king_n as_o his_o commander_n yet_o at_o length_n have_v obtain_v his_o inheritance_n by_o the_o king_n allowance_n he_o finish_v his_o day_n in_o peace_n and_o now_o here_o be_v two_o considerable_a english_a baron_n which_o still_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n 105._o notwithstanding_o all_o king_n william_n severity_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v believe_v it_o will_v puzzle_v your_o dr._n to_o show_v i_o their_o name_n in_o doomesday-book_n so_o that_o that_o book_n alone_o be_v not_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a rule_n to_o discover_v what_o englishman_n be_v then_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o admit_v all_o this_o to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o yourself_o have_v represent_v it_o can_v this_o king_n perjury_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o breach_n of_o all_o law_n after_o so_o many_o solemn_a oath_n give_v he_o a_o right_a as_o a_o conqueror_n over_o the_o life_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o english_a subject_n and_o that_o after_o he_o have_v solemn_o renounce_v his_o right_n of_o conquest_n by_o so_o many_o solemn_a transaction_n with_o his_o subject_n with_o who_o you_o suppose_v he_o still_o make_v war_n after_o he_o have_v for_o so_o many_o year_n lay_v down_o his_o arm_n at_o this_o rate_n i_o can_v tell_v when_o subject_n may_v be_v safe_a for_o let_v king_n that_o come_v to_o a_o crown_n by_o a_o mix_a title_n partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o right_a take_v never_o so_o many_o oath_n to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n together_o with_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v but_o his_o say_n afterward_o when_o he_o have_v sufficient_a power_n that_o they_o be_v force_v upon_o he_o and_o that_o he_o never_o design_v to_o keep_v they_o and_o his_o business_n be_v do_v and_o he_o may_v then_o take_v away_o his_o subject_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o this_o pretend_a right_n of_o conquest_n whenever_o he_o please_v nor_o do_v this_o only_o extend_v to_o himself_o alone_o but_o to_o all_o his_o heir_n and_o successor_n who_o claim_v under_o that_o title_n let_v they_o take_v never_o so_o many_o coronation_n oath_n or_o make_v never_o so_o many_o declaration_n to_o the_o contrary_a since_o they_o all_o claim_n under_o the_o same_o divine_a title_n of_o the_o sword_n that_o be_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o receive_v their_o crown_n immediate_o from_o god_n and_o then_o can_v never_o forfeit_v they_o let_v they_o tyrannize_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n imaginable_a for_o you_o have_v provide_v they_o with_o two_o easy_a and_o pleasant_a excuse_n that_o all_o promise_n be_v either_o break_v or_o keep_v and_o stultám_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la est_fw-la frangendum_fw-la and_o i_o can_v but_o smile_v to_o see_v what_o a_o excellent_a excuse_n you_o have_v find_v out_o for_o all_o the_o breach_n of_o oath_n and_o covenant_n of_o those_o engage_v in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n since_o they_o may_v very_o well_o plead_v they_o have_v so_o many_o royal_a precedent_n for_o so_o do_v as_o sufficient_o authorize_v it_o unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o to_o be_v perjury_n in_o subject_n which_o must_v be_v a_o divine_a prerogative_n in_o king_n and_o therefore_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o very_o glad_a for_o your_o own_o sake_n that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n here_o but_o you_o and_o i_o since_o all_o the_o company_n will_v have_v cry_v out_o and_o say_v that_o this_o way_n of_o argue_v be_v to_o make_v open_a war_n not_o only_o upon_o all_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o to_o put_v the_o king_n and_o people_n in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o each_o other_o for_o if_o he_o once_o declare_v by_o such_o overt_a act_n as_o these_o of_o king_n william_n that_o he_o will_v not_o be_v tie_v neither_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n nor_o by_o any_o law_n he_o have_v make_v i_o doubt_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v not_o long_o bind_v they_o neither_o and_o they_o will_v be_v very_o ready_a to_o reply_v that_o whatever_o power_n begin_v and_o be_v continue_v by_o force_n and_o violence_n may_v also_o be_v cast_v off_o by_o the_o like_a mean_n and_o when_o a_o king_n and_o his_o people_n be_v bring_v once_o into_o this_o state_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o foretell_v what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n either_o he_o must_v turn_v out_o or_o they_o must_v be_v all_o slave_n and_o i_o wish_v it_o be_v not_o owe_v to_o such_o jesuitical_a flatter_a council_n as_o this_o that_o the_o king_n first_o lose_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n and_o then_o his_o crown_n since_o father_n peter_n himself_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o jesuit_n and_o arbitrary_a minister_n of_o the_o cabal_n can_v never_o have_v instill_v worse_a principle_n than_o these_o therefore_o i_o pray_v for_o the_o future_a either_o get_v better_a reason_n or_o keep_v those_o to_o yourself_o but_o god_n be_v thank_v both_o king_n james_n and_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o have_v much_o better_a thought_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n since_o the_o former_a have_v solemn_o declare_v in_o a_o preamble_n to_o the_o second_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1157._o that_o not_o only_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o their_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n be_v secure_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alter_v of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o frame_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o his_o son_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n in_o his_o first_o declaration_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o late_a war_n the_o law_n say_v he_o be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o every_o subject_a 28._o and_o the_o only_a security_n he_o can_v have_v for_o his_o life_n or_o estate_n and_o the_o which_o be_v neglect_v or_o disesteem_v under_o what_o specious_a show_n soever_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o infelicity_n if_o not_o irreparable_a confusion_n must_v without_o doubt_n fall_v upon_o they_o m._n if_o i_o have_v no_o love_n at_o all_o for_o the_o government_n and_o liberty_n of_o my_o country_n as_o i_o thank_v god_n i_o have_v a_o great_a affection_n for_o both_o yet_o shall_v i_o not_o have_v the_o impudence_n to_o contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o two_o king_n and_o a_o parliament_n neither_o have_v i_o so_o
together_o with_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o ely_n with_o divers_a other_o earl_n bishop_n and_o lord_n then_o in_o town_n have_v send_v a_o address_n to_o the_o prince_n immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n departure_n and_o send_v three_o lord_n and_o one_o bishop_n with_o it_o desire_v his_o highness_n to_o come_v speedy_o to_o london_n and_o to_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o and_o have_v before_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v with_o their_o utmost_a endeavour_n assist_v his_o highness_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o a_o free_a parliament_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n have_v no_o reason_n upon_o the_o king_n return_n to_o surrender_v that_o power_n which_o the_o nation_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o do_v without_o a_o parliament_n have_v put_v into_o his_o hand_n and_o that_o to_o a_o king_n who_o he_o have_v very_o little_a reason_n to_o believe_v will_v use_v it_o any_o better_a than_o he_o have_v do_v before_o but_o i_o see_v you_o wilful_o decline_v enter_v into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o argue_v the_o main_a point_n in_o the_o controversy_n viz._n whether_o the_o king_n be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n or_o peace_n with_o the_o prince_n upon_o his_o return_n for_o if_o he_o be_v still_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n the_o prince_n may_v certain_o very_o well_o justify_v his_o clap_v up_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n his_o late_a majesty_n general_n for_o offer_v to_o come_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o prince_n quarter_n without_o his_o leave_n especial_o since_o he_o be_v still_o answerable_a for_o do_v his_o endeavour_n to_o disband_v a_o army_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o papist_n and_o foreigner_n with_o their_o arm_n in_o their_o hand_n whereby_o they_o may_v have_v rob_v and_o spoil_v the_o country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v keep_v those_o arm_n to_o renew_v the_o war_n again_o with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n so_o that_o certain_o it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o slight_a a_o thing_n as_o a_o bare_a invitation_n to_o st._n james_n whither_o the_o prince_n can_v have_v go_v without_o his_o leave_n be_v now_o master_n of_o the_o city_n which_o can_v so_o far_o efface_v all_o the_o prince_n just_a resentment_n and_o make_v he_o so_o far_o confide_v in_o the_o king_n word_n as_o to_o come_v to_o london_n whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o with_o his_o guard_n and_o all_o those_o papist_n and_o tory_n in_o and_o about_o london_n ready_a to_o take_v his_o part_n and_o rally_v again_o into_o a_o new_a army_n upon_o the_o first_o signal_n but_o as_o for_o any_o proposal_n of_o peace_n or_o accommodation_n which_o you_o say_v the_o lord_n feversham_n bring_v with_o he_o i_o neither_o know_v nor_o have_v hear_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n say_v in_o the_o say_a paper_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o that_o he_o have_v write_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n by_o the_o lord_n feversham_n and_o also_o mention_n some_o instruction_n he_o have_v give_v he_o but_o what_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o but_o sure_o they_o be_v not_o proposition_n of_o peace_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o have_v send_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o consequence_n without_o first_o acquaint_v the_o privy_a council_n with_o it_o before_o it_o be_v send_v but_o since_o we_o hear_v of_o nothing_o concern_v they_o we_o may_v very_o well_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n or_o if_o there_o be_v his_o highness_n be_v the_o fit_a judge_n whether_o they_o be_v reasonable_a or_o not_o and_o if_o the_o king_n have_v any_o desire_n to_o propose_v any_o just_a or_o reasonable_a term_n whereupon_o he_o may_v have_v hope_v to_o have_v be_v restore_v again_o to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n he_o have_v a_o very_a âair_a opportunity_n for_o it_o when_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v meet_v at_o st._n james_n in_o order_n to_o sign_n a_o association_n to_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o call_v of_o a_o free_a parliament_n for_o the_o king_n may_v then_o if_o he_o have_v please_v have_v make_v his_o proposal_n by_o such_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o bishop_n as_o he_o can_v most_o confide_v in_o and_o have_v conjure_v all_o the_o peer_n there_o assemble_v to_o have_v intercee_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n to_o renew_v their_o treaty_n with_o the_o king_n which_o have_v be_v before_o unhappy_o break_v off_o and_o than_o if_o either_o the_o peer_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v this_o or_o the_o prince_n have_v refuse_v to_o hear_v they_o the_o king_n may_v then_o i_o grant_v have_v have_v sufficient_a reason_n to_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o he_o be_v not_o fair_o deal_v with_o but_o for_o he_o again_o to_o go_v away_o only_o upon_o pretence_n that_o his_o person_n be_v under_o restraint_n when_o real_o it_o be_v not_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o real_a design_n of_o make_v a_o amicable_a end_n of_o those_o difference_n or_o real_o desire_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o throne_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o either_o hope_v for_o it_o from_o those_o civil_a dissension_n he_o expect_v we_o shall_v fall_v into_o upon_o his_o departure_n or_o else_o to_o the_o arm_n of_o france_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o the_o king_n both_o by_o his_o first_o and_o second_o departure_n have_v obstinate_o refuse_v all_o those_o mean_n whereby_o the_o nation_n may_v have_v be_v settle_v with_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o his_o person_n and_o authority_n whilst_o he_o live_v and_o of_o the_o prince_n when_o his_o legitimacy_n shall_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o make_v out_o before_o a_o free_a parliament_n so_o that_o since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n have_v before_o the_o prince_n arrival_n commit_v so_o many_o violation_n upon_o the_o whole_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o these_o violation_n if_o wilful_o and_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o do_v at_o last_o produce_v a_o absolute_a loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o crown_n itself_o i_o think_v the_o late_a king_n have_v do_v all_o that_o can_v be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o so_o but_o i_o have_v forget_v to_o answer_v one_o objection_n you_o make_v viz._n that_o the_o peer_n and_o bishop_n when_o they_o invite_v the_o king_n to_o return_v to_o white-hall_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n nor_o the_o people_n of_o london_n who_o you_o say_v receive_v he_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o acclamation_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v whole_o a_o new_a invention_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o lord_n you_o mention_v do_v send_v this_o message_n to_o the_o king_n it_o may_v be_v because_o they_o be_v surprise_v with_o his_o unexpected_a return_n and_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o case_n and_o thereby_o do_v more_o than_o they_o can_v well_o justify_v have_v before_o declae_v they_o will_v stand_v by_o his_o highness_n in_o procure_v a_o free_a parliament_n which_o must_v certain_o be_v without_o the_o king_n since_o he_o be_v then_o go_v away_o and_o they_o have_v also_o invite_v he_o to_o come_v to_o london_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o how_o that_o can_v consist_v with_o their_o invite_v the_o king_n thither_o without_o the_o prince_n consent_n i_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v but_o it_o seem_v they_o quick_o alter_v their_o sentiment_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o present_o after_o subscribe_v a_o paper_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o association_n to_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n without_o take_v any_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o very_a day_n of_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o meet_v to_o consider_v upon_o the_o prince_n speech_n he_o have_v a_o day_n or_o two_o before_o make_v to_o they_o desire_v they_o to_o advise_v on_o the_o best_a mean_n how_o to_o pursue_v the_o end_n of_o his_o declaration_n in_o call_v a_o free_a parliament_n and_o within_o two_o day_n after_o they_o present_v the_o prince_n with_o their_o advice_n to_o call_v a_o convention_n on_o the_o 22th_o of_o january_n which_o be_v also_o the_o next_o day_n agree_v to_o by_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o person_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o any_o of_o the_o last_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o without_o take_v any_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v then_o go_v away_o when_o the_o commons_o and_o city_n two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o make_v their_o address_n to_o the_o prince_n yet_o when_o the_o peer_n meet_v both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o time_n on_o the_o 21_o and_o 22d_o of_o december_n he_o be_v
as_o a_o wilful_a forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n and_o it_o be_v from_o this_o first_o go_v away_o that_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o convention_n date_n his_o abdication_n since_o though_o it_o be_v true_a after_o his_o return_n to_o london_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o order_n in_o council_n to_o stop_v the_o further_o pull_v down_o and_o plunder_v popish_a chapel_n and_o papist_n house_n yet_o be_v it_o sign_v by_o very_a few_o of_o the_o council_n and_o almost_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o some_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n so_o that_o though_o he_o be_v then_o own_a by_o they_o yet_o since_o that_o order_n do_v only_o serve_v to_o show_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o popish_a party_n and_o be_v never_o obey_v or_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o that_o neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o london_n own_v he_o afterward_o since_o it_o have_v already_o deliver_v itself_o up_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o have_v as_o well_o as_o the_o peer_n invite_v he_o to_o repair_v to_o that_o city_n i_o can_v see_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o act_n as_o this_o order_n of_o council_n shall_v be_v count_v a_o return_n to_o or_o a_o re-establishment_n in_o the_o throne_n since_o the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o wilful_a departure_n without_o call_v a_o parliament_n or_o give_v the_o p._n any_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o pretend_a prince_n of_o wales_n or_o the_o nation_n by_o repair_v up_o those_o desperate_a breach_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o our_o fundamental_a law_n but_o have_v also_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o be_v conquer_a by_o the_o prince_n in_o open_a war_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a another_o time_n so_o that_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v this_o vote_n of_o the_o convention_n you_o will_v find_v that_o these_o word_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n do_v not_o only_o refer_v to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o his_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o to_o everyone_o of_o the_o forego_n clause_n viz._n his_o have_v endeavour_v to_o subvert_v the_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n his_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n and_o his_o have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a their_o notion_n of_o abdication_n be_v not_o fix_v only_o in_o the_o king_n desertion_n or_o bare_a withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o from_o his_o renounce_v the_o legal_a title_n by_o which_o he_o hold_v the_o crown_n and_o set_v himself_o up_o as_o a_o despotic_a sovereign_n and_o rule_v by_o a_o mercenary_a army_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v about_o the_o king_n quit_v the_o government_n with_o a_o design_n to_o return_v to_o it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o with_o safety_n he_o may_v be_v altogether_o vain_a for_o as_o he_o go_v away_o because_o he_o will_v not_o govern_v any_o long_o as_o a_o king_n by_o law_n so_o have_v he_o yet_o give_v we_o no_o satisfaction_n that_o he_o will_v not_o return_v again_o to_o govern_v otherwise_o or_o rather_o worse_a than_o he_o do_v before_o have_v he_o a_o opportunity_n so_o to_o do_v that_o be_v as_o the_o letter_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o phrase_n iâ_n to_o return_v and_o have_v his_o end_n of_o we_o so_o that_o this_o be_v indeed_o the_o case_n i_o think_v i_o can_v very_o well_o justify_v the_o last_o clause_n in_o this_o vote_n that_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o vacant_a m._n sir_n you_o have_v speak_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o i_o doubt_v more_o than_o i_o can_v distinct_o remember_v to_o answer_v as_o i_o shall_v therefore_o before_o you_o proceed_v to_o this_o last_o clause_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n the_o dispute_n about_o which_o i_o foresee_v may_v hold_v long_o than_o upon_o any_o of_o the_o former_a pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o reply_v to_o what_o you_o have_v already_o say_v in_o justification_n of_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vote_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o if_o the_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o power_n of_o make_v what_o mayor_n alderman_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o corporation_n at_o his_o pleasure_n it_o will_v have_v go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o make_n the_o majority_n of_o the_o parliament-man_n nay_o i_o likewise_o grant_v that_o by_o his_o dispense_n power_n he_o may_v have_v make_v what_o papist_n or_o other_o person_n he_o please_v sheriff_n in_o any_o county_n who_o will_v have_v make_v such_o return_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o he_o shall_v have_v think_v fit_a yet_o i_o suppose_v this_o will_v not_o have_v be_v to_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v to_o consist_v original_o in_o the_o k._n alone_o before_o any_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v institute_v and_o as_o for_o those_o violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o declaration_n instance_n in_o i_o think_v several_a of_o they_o may_v very_o well_o be_v justify_v by_o ancient_a precedent_n and_o add_v judge_v case_n in_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v violation_n that_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n exercise_v of_o his_o due_a prerogative_n and_o though_o at_o our_o nine_o meeting_n i_o have_v not_o time_n so_o well_o to_o consider_v these_o matter_n as_o also_o because_o i_o be_v not_o then_o prepare_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n proceed_n i_o shall_v therefore_o make_v bold_a to_o examine_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o those_o article_n which_o the_o late_a declaration_n suppose_v do_v so_o high_o tend_v to_o subvert_v the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o viz._n his_o assume_v and_o exercise_v a_o power_n of_o dispense_v with_o and_o suspend_v of_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n which_o power_n let_v i_o tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n be_v not_o assert_v to_o dispense_v with_o all_o law_n or_o statute_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o such_o as_o the_o subject_n have_v no_o particular_a cause_n of_o action_n in_o and_o where_o the_o damage_n that_o may_v arise_v by_o it_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o public_a safety_n of_o which_o the_o k._n be_v sole_a judge_n and_o not_o any_o particular_a man_n interest_n i_o suppose_v you_o can_v but_o have_v read_v that_o learned_a and_o short_a account_n of_o the_o authority_n in_o law_n upon_o which_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o sir_n edw._n hales_n his_o case_n write_v by_o sir_n edward_n herbert_n lord_n chief_z justice_z of_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o vindication_n of_o himself_o wherein_o i_o think_v he_o prove_v beyond_o any_o possibility_n of_o a_o just_a answer_n that_o the_o dispensation_n grant_v to_o sir_n edward_n hale_v to_o receive_v a_o commission_n 7._o and_o act_n as_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n be_v good_a notwithstanding_o his_o not_o have_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n 2._o appoint_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o charles_n ii_o where_o he_o first_o prove_v from_o my_o l._n cock_n authority_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o dispense_v with_o all_o positive_a or_o penal_a law_n the_o penalty_n thereof_o be_v only_o popular_a and_o give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o show_v you_o that_o my_o lord_n cook_n who_o be_v never_o count_v any_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v not_o single_a in_o this_o opinion_n 12._o he_o give_v you_o also_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o year_n book_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o where_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v with_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o mala_fw-la prohibita_fw-la and_o not_o malaân_o ân_z see_v though_o express_o forbid_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o though_o say_v the_o year_n book_n before_o the_o statute_n coin_v of_o money_n be_v lawful_a but_o now_o it_o be_v not_o so_o yet_o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v with_o it_o so_o that_o say_v i_o if_o he_o can_v dispense_v with_o that_o which_o be_v now_o make_v treason_n by_o eà _fw-la the_o iii_o he_o may_v certain_o dispense_v with_o all_o other_o penal_a statute_n of_o a_o less_o nature_n but_o because_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o difference_n between_o common_a penal_a law_n which_o bare_o prohibit_v the_o do_n of_o some_o thing_n under_o a_o penalty_n and_o this_o act_n in_o which_o there_o be_v also_o a_o express_a clause_n of_o nonobstante_a that_o all_o licence_n or_o dispensation_n contrary_a to_o this_o
statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v a_o like_a statute_n pardon_v those_o sheriff_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o the_o realm_n have_v hold_v for_o above_o a_o year_n yet_o nevertheless_o confirm_v all_o former_a act_n concern_v sheriff_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o this_o hold_v as_o far_o as_o the_o six_o of_o henry_n viii_o which_o be_v long_o after_o the_o judgement_n you_o mention_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o england_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o there_o be_v then_o a_o act_n make_v which_o recite_v all_o the_o former_a statute_n about_o sheriff_n as_o then_o in_o full_a force_n it_o enact_v that_o the_o sheriff_n and_o under_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n may_v continue_v to_o occupy_v their_o office_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o under_o sheriff_n and_o other_o sheriff_n officer_n in_o london_n do_v without_o any_o penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n for_o the_o same_o the_o say_a act_n or_o any_o other_o act_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o from_o all_o which_o statute_n i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o neither_o the_o sheriff_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n nor_o the_o whole_a parliament_n when_o that_o act_n be_v make_v do_v believe_v the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o concern_v sheriff_n for_o if_o they_o have_v certain_o it_o have_v be_v much_o easy_a and_o cheap_a for_o they_o to_o have_v obtain_v the_o king_n dispensation_n than_o to_o have_v get_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o m._n i_o believe_v you_o may_v have_v cite_v these_o statute_n right_a enough_o but_o yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a proof_n against_o so_o solemn_a a_o opinion_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n 2_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o whatever_o the_o parliament_n may_v have_v declare_v in_o the_o case_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a statute_n i_o confess_v carry_v some_o authority_n with_o it_o yet_o ought_v it_o not_o to_o be_v countervale_v by_o so_o solemn_a a_o judgement_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o king_n be_v constant_a exercise_n of_o this_o prerogative_n not_o only_o since_o but_o before_o that_o time_n and_o that_o without_o any_o question_n or_o dispute_v with_o the_o parliament_n about_o it_o as_o in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v already_o put_v of_o the_o statute_n that_o forbid_v any_o welshman_n be_v a_o officer_n in_o wales_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v divers_a other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n such_o as_o the_o statute_n against_o a_o judge_n go_v the_o circuit_n in_o his_o own_o country_n as_o also_o those_o statute_n that_o prohibit_v the_o king_n from_o grant_v pardon_n to_o person_n convict_v nay_o condemn_v for_o murder_n with_o several_a other_o penal_a statute_n i_o can_v name_v be_v though_o the_o king_n hand_n be_v tie_v up_o by_o particular_a clause_n of_o nonobstante_a yet_o have_v his_o majesty_n and_o his_o predecessor_n at_o all_o time_n exercise_v their_o prerogative_n of_o dispense_n in_o all_o those_o case_n notwithstanding_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o non-obstantes_a to_o the_o contrary_a and_o though_o i_o grant_v you_o have_v give_v i_o several_a precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n sometime_o restrain_v the_o king_n in_o this_o exercise_n of_o the_o dispense_v power_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o th_n reign_n when_o i_o grant_v the_o law_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o since_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n be_v the_o only_a rule_n of_o law_n we_o can_v have_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o case_n of_o dispensation_n be_v by_o they_o adjudge_v and_o ever_o since_o settle_v and_o own_a for_o law_n without_o the_o least_o dispute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o question_v it_o now_o but_o as_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o which_o you_o urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n to_o the_o contrary_a since_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o reach_v the_o point_n in_o question_n for_o the_o act_n you_o now_o cite_v seem_v to_o i_o no_o more_o than_o a_o private_a act_n for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o brestol_n alone_o who_o be_v it_o seem_v afraid_a to_o rely_v upon_o the_o king_n dispensation_n because_o they_o think_v they_o too_o chargeable_a to_o be_v take_v out_o as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o they_o do_v think_v it_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o charge_n and_o trouble_v to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o indemnify_v themselves_o which_o i_o grant_v put_v that_o matter_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n but_o since_o this_o act_n of_o henry_n the_o viii_o i_o find_v no_o contest_v between_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n about_o his_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o penal_a law_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o when_o i_o grant_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o do_v address_v to_o his_o majesty_n that_o penal_a statute_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a can_v be_v suspend_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o also_o the_o last_o address_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o 1685._o against_o the_o king_n dispense_n with_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n their_z holding_z employment_n without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n according_a to_o the_o act_n whereby_o they_o be_v appoint_v but_o these_o be_v only_o against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o law_n ecclesiastical_a as_o concern_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n can_v no_o way_n be_v extend_v to_o their_o except_v against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o divers_a other_o penal_a law_n i_o will_v not_o say_v all_o which_o have_v non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la in_o they_o f._n since_o i_o see_v not_o only_o your_o opinion_n but_o also_o that_o of_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o penal_a law_n have_v be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o found_v upon_o that_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o king_n henry_n vii_o i_o be_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v the_o validity_n of_o that_o judgement_n for_o if_o that_o can_v be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o elâe_v never_o give_v at_o all_o i_o suppose_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o other_o who_o have_v found_v their_o opinion_n upon_o this_o adjudge_v cause_n of_o hen._n the_o vii_o be_v mistake_v now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o argue_v a_o little_a with_o you_o in_o point_n of_o reason_n 43._o if_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v good_a when_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n a_o nonobstante_a be_v declare_v void_a what_o do_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o
wales_n though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v immediate_o declare_v king_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o edward_n the_o 3_o d._n who_o be_v so_o declare_v upon_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 2_o d._n f._n though_o i_o grant_v ever_o since_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v claim_v by_o descent_n the_o law_n have_v go_v as_o you_o have_v cite_v it_o and_o that_o finche_n law_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o maxim_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o original_n of_o kingly_a government_n whether_o we_o look_v before_o or_o after_o you_o conquest_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o throne_n be_v often_o vacant_a till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o shall_v fill_v it_o and_o to_o show_v you_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o good_a authority_n pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o maxim_n have_v then_o obtain_v why_o after_o the_o death_n of_o william_n the_o first_o his_o elder_a son_n robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n do_v not_o immediate_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o england_n or_o at_o least_o have_v do_v it_o after_o the_o death_n of_o william_n rufus_n who_o you_o know_v be_v place_v on_o the_o throne_n ânot_n by_o right_o of_o inheritance_n but_o by_o his_o father_n testament_n confirm_v and_o approve_v of_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a english-saxon_a custom_n of_o succession_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o william_n henry_n his_o young_a brother_n succeed_v he_o by_o the_o free_a election_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o same_o common_a council_n and_o yet_o that_o duke_n robert_n shall_v never_o in_o all_o his_o life-time_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n pray_v tell_v i_o likewise_o if_o this_o maxim_n have_v be_v then_o know_v why_o maud_n the_o empress_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n king_n henry_n the_o first_o do_v not_o take_v nor_o yet_o her_o husband_n the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o her_o right_n the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n though_o she_o have_v have_v homage_n pay_v she_o and_o fealty_n swear_v to_o she_o in_o the_o life-time_n of_o her_o father_n as_o the_o immediate_a successor_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o utmost_a title_n she_o can_v assume_v be_v that_o of_o domina_fw-la anglorum_fw-la lady_n or_o mistress_n not_o queen_n of_o the_o english_a whilst_o stephen_n who_o have_v no_o other_o title_n but_o the_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n hold_v both_o the_o crown_n and_o title_n of_o king_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v as_o also_o why_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n who_o according_a to_o the_o now_o receive_a rule_n of_o succession_n be_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o never_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o very_o well_o know_v that_o his_o uncle_n king_n john_n have_v be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n john_n why_o henry_n his_o son_n be_v not_o immediate_o proclaim_v king_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n have_v meet_v and_o agree_v to_o send_v back_o prince_n lewis_n who_o they_o have_v choose_v for_o their_o king_n though_o not_o be_v crown_v he_o never_o take_v upon_o himself_o that_o title_n and_o so_o choose_v henry_n the_o three_o than_o a_o infant_n for_o their_o king_n last_o why_o all_o these_o prince_n viz._n henry_n the_o second_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o according_a to_o your_o notion_n be_v undoubted_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n never_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o england_n nor_o be_v so_o style_v by_o any_o of_o our_o historian_n till_o after_o their_o election_n and_o coronation_n if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v then_o receive_v for_o law_n that_o it_o be_v the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o coronation_n subsequent_a thereunto_o that_o make_v they_o king_n and_o till_o this_o be_v perform_v though_o they_o may_v look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o never_o so_o lawful_a successor_n the_o throne_n be_v notwithstanding_o esteem_v in_o law_n vacant_a therefore_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v immediate_o succeed_v upon_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o father_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o that_o make_v against_o you_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o th._n walsingham_n and_o h._n de_fw-fr knyghton_n that_o prince_n edward_n succeed_v not_o to_o the_o crown_n by_o succession_n but_o the_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o word_n be_v express_v huic_fw-la electioni_fw-la universus_fw-la populus_fw-la consensit_fw-la and_o this_o be_v also_o own_v by_o edward_n the_o second_o himself_o who_o when_o the_o commissioner_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n come_v in_o all_o their_o name_n to_o renounce_v their_o homage_n to_o he_o yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o his_o sorrow_n he_o give_v they_o thanks_o quod_fw-la filium_fw-la suum_fw-la edwardum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la regnaturum_fw-la eligissent_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v then_o such_o a_o notion_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n proceed_v from_o his_o deposition_n for_o violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o successor_n can_v pretend_v no_o other_o right_n to_o it_o even_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o late_a king_n himself_o but_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o election_n m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n may_v appear_v very_o plausible_a to_o yourself_o and_o those_o of_o your_o notion_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v look_v close_o into_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o know_a law_n then_o receive_v and_o the_o notion_n the_o people_n have_v then_o of_o a_o lineal_a succession_n by_o right_a inheritance_n will_v prove_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o you_o know_v very_o well_o à _fw-la facto_fw-la ad_fw-la ius_n non_fw-la valte_n consequentia_fw-la but_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n you_o mention_v except_o the_o three_o last_o be_v real_o usurper_n and_o not_o lawful_a king_n i_o shall_v let_v you_o see_v by_o evident_a authority_n from_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o grant_v william_n rufus_n succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o father_n last_o will_v which_o be_v certain_o unlawful_a as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n of_o succession_n in_o normandy_n as_o well_o as_o england_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o by_o the_o kindness_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n his_o godfather_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o norman_a baron_n who_o come_v over_o with_o his_o father_n as_o well_o as_o out_o of_o hatred_n to_o duke_n robert_n his_o elder_a brother_n that_o he_o be_v thus_o make_v king_n so_o that_o william_n rufus_n claim_v as_o a_o testamentary_a heir_n 368._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o claim_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o lanfranc_n and_o the_o bishop_n faction_n who_o then_o sway_v the_o people_n but_o yet_o never_o own_v any_o election_n from_o they_o so_o that_o if_o you_o right_o consider_v this_o story_n you_o can_v call_v it_o a_o election_n but_o a_o designation_n or_o nomination_n by_o his_o father_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o by_o their_o election_n or_o decree_n as_o a_o common_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o that_o for_o all_o this_o duke_z robert_z his_o brother_n be_v assist_v by_o odo_n bishop_n of_o bayenx_n and_o earl_n of_o kent_n his_o uncle_n as_o also_o divers_a other_o norman_a lord_n who_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o right_n raise_v a_o war_n in_o england_n against_o william_n and_o great_a mischief_n be_v do_v on_o both_o side_n till_o at_o last_o a_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o they_o upon_o these_o condition_n among_o other_o as_o matthew_n westminster_n relate_v it_o that_o because_o of_o the_o manifest_a right_a duke_n robert_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n 236._o he_o shall_v have_v a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o three_o thousand_o mark_n out_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o england_n and_o he_o of_o the_o two_o brother_n that_o survive_v the_o other_o if_o he_o die_v
nuncios_fw-la ad_fw-la johannem_fw-la ducem_fw-la normandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v he_o call_v he_o no_o more_o than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n prince_n henry_n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o prove_v a_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o henry_n the_o iiid_n i_o doub_v it_o will_v do_v you_o but_o little_a service_n for_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o must_v have_v be_v lodge_v some_o where_o else_o than_o in_o this_o prince_n for_o when_o king_n john_n his_o father_n die_v eleanor_n the_o sister_n of_o duke_n arthur_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o die_v not_o till_o the_o 25_o the_o year_n of_o king_n henrys_n reign_v a_o close_a prisoner_n in_o bristol_n castle_n as_o matthew_n paris_z relate_v 574._o so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a he_o can_v have_v no_o such_o divine_a hereditary_n right_o as_o you_o suppose_v and_o therefore_o perhaps_o his_o father_n to_o strengthen_v his_o title_n and_o to_o recommend_v he_o the_o more_o to_o the_o people_n savour_n 276._o appoint_v he_o his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o testament_n and_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n john_n die_v henricum_fw-la primegenitum_fw-la suum_fw-la regni_fw-la constituit_fw-la haeredem_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v then_o no_o such_o hereditary_a right_n for_o if_o it_o have_v what_o need_n have_v there_o be_v of_o this_o testament_n but_o for_o all_o this_o divine_a right_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o this_o poor_a princess_n eleanor_n have_v any_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o great_a lord_n to_o take_v her_o part_n but_o all_o the_o dispute_n than_o be_v at_o this_o great_a convention_n at_o gloucester_n whether_o they_o shall_v abjure_v prince_n lewis_n who_o most_o of_o they_o have_v before_o choose_v for_o their_o lord_n and_o adhere_v to_o prince_n henry_n 145._o there_o present_a before_o they_o as_o matthew_n paris_z tell_v we_o erat_fw-la autem_fw-la tâ_fw-la tempestate_fw-la inter_fw-la optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la fluctuatio_fw-la maxima_fw-la cui_fw-la se_fw-la regi_fw-la committeâent_fw-la juvenine_a henrico_n a_o domino_fw-la ludovico_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o relation_n our_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o great_a sense_n that_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n have_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o prince_n henry_n title_n that_o make_v they_o agree_v to_o choose_v he_o king_n but_o the_o hatred_n they_o then_o bear_v to_o prince_n lewis_n when_o they_o find_v he_o have_v break_v his_o contract_n with_o they_o and_o put_v all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o french_a man_n and_o treat_v the_o english_a nobility_n with_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o they_o prefer_v a_o innocent_a young_a prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o have_v never_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o father_n fault_n before_o a_o stranger_n who_o fraudulent_a deal_n with_o they_o they_o have_v find_v not_o to_o answer_v their_o expectation_n and_o therefore_o mat._n westminster_n tell_v we_o that_o omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o brevi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la juveni_fw-la regi_fw-la hemico_fw-la qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la culpae_fw-la versus_fw-la tos_fw-la merueras_fw-la fideliter_fw-la adhaeserunt_fw-la but_o to_o prove_v far_o that_o this_o king_n come_v in_o by_o election_n and_o not_o by_o succession_n appear_v by_o what_o our_o historian_n relate_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o col._n that_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n simon_n and_o jude_n henry_n son_n of_o king_n john_n in_o regem_fw-la erigitur_fw-la viribus_fw-la &_o industria_fw-la gualonis_fw-la papâe_fw-la legati_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o i_o desire_v no_o better_o a_o authority_n than_o your_o own_o author_n matthew_n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o he_o be_v in_o regem_fw-la inunctus_fw-la anoint_v to_o be_v king_n which_o show_v that_o he_o think_v he_o not_o so_o before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mat._n paris_n make_v the_o earl_n marshal_n to_o begin_v his_o speech_n with_o those_o word_n ecce_fw-la rex_fw-la vester_fw-ge as_o you_o relate_v they_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o allusion_n to_o that_o place_n in_o st._n john_n ch_n 19_o behold_v your_o king_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o those_o day_n to_o begin_v their_o speech_n with_o a_o text_n of_o scripture_n so_o that_o the_o earl_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o for_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v in_o this_o speech_n contradict_v what_o he_o have_v say_v bâfore_o for_o though_o to_o prepossess_v their_o mind_n he_o say_v of_o the_o young_a prince_n there_o present_a behold_v your_o king_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o how_o much_o soever_o he_o think_v the_o kingdom_n his_o right_n yet_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v confer_v upon_o he_o without_o their_o choice_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n which_o you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n you_o ought_v to_o choose_v he_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v due_a and_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o assent_n which_o the_o whole_a assembly_n give_v to_o the_o reason_n declare_v by_o he_o in_o this_o speech_n that_o it_o be_v their_o choice_n alone_o that_o make_v he_o king_n their_o vote_n be_v give_v in_o these_o word_n fiat_n rex_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o needless_a have_v they_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o king_n already_o and_o therefore_o the_o speech_n of_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n which_o you_o mention_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reconcile_v to_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o suppose_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o election_n and_o coronation_n to_o confer_v a_o full_a and_o legal_a right_n in_o those_o time_n for_o when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o king_n if_o dead_a have_v yet_o leave_v behind_o he_o child_n who_o ought_v to_o succeed_v he_o this_o if_o strict_o take_v be_v altogether_o false_a for_o eleanor_z the_o true_a heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n according_a to_o your_o rule_n of_o succession_n be_v then_o alive_a but_o if_o take_v in_o a_o limit_v sense_n be_v true_a that_o be_v the_o child_n ought_v to_o succeed_v if_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o nation_n think_v fit_a without_o who_o consent_n though_o they_o may_v have_v ius_n ad_fw-la rem_fw-la yet_o have_v they_o not_o ius_n in_o re_fw-mi this_o election_n and_o coronation_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o livery_n and_o seizin_n at_o this_o day_n be_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n without_o which_o though_o the_o write_n be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v the_o land_n will_v not_o pass_v to_o conclude_v i_o pray_v answer_v i_o that_o question_n i_o have_v so_o long_o put_v though_o without_o any_o reply_n viz._n why_o before_o this_o election_n and_o coronation_n be_v perform_v none_o of_o those_o prince_n that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o your_o suppose_a right_n of_o succession_n be_v call_v by_o any_o high_a title_n than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n or_o earl_n of_o poictou_n so_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v i_o think_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o of_o the_o eight_o prince_n from_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reckon_v he_o for_o one_o to_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o have_v owe_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n not_o to_o any_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o either_o to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n alone_o or_o else_o to_o the_o will_n or_o designation_n of_o the_o last_o king_n confirm_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n give_v thereunto_o and_o without_o which_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v good_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n before_o your_o conquest_n where_o beside_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o king_n decease_v there_o be_v also_o require_v the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v no_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o our_o choose_v our_o king_n after_o your_o conquest_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o for_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o or_o eighâ_n descent_n and_o when_o you_o can_v answer_v this_o i_o shall_v then_o come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n m._n in_o answer_n to_o your_o question_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o all_o our_o historian_n give_v all_o the_o king_n you_o mention_v no_o high_a title_n than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n or_o earl_n of_o poictou_n before_o their_o coronation_n which_o though_o i_o suppose_v they_o may_v do_v from_o a_o foolish_a superstition_n of_o that_o age_n which_o make_v they_o fancy_n that_o none_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v call_v king_n until_o they_o have_v be_v anoint_v and_o solemn_o crown_v by_o a_o bishop_n yet_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o king_n indeed_o appear_v in_o that_o they_o
succeed_a immediate_o upon_o his_o say_a father_n resignation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o after_o this_o king_n be_v once_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n but_o that_o he_o may_v think_v it_o most_o to_o his_o honour_n and_o the_o independency_n of_o his_o title_n to_o rely_v whole_o upon_o his_o right_n of_o succession_n as_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n without_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o the_o parliament_n election_n of_o he_o though_o this_o be_v also_o convert_o express_v in_o these_o word_n which_o be_v in_o this_o writ_n and_o proclamation_n viz._n `_o that_o consent_n to_o his_o say_a father_n pleasure_n he_o have_v take_v the_o government_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la &_o advisamento_fw-la praelator_n com._n baron_n magnat_fw-la &_o communitat_fw-la predict_v which_o though_o you_o translate_v by_o council_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commonalty_n yet_o i_o do_v suppose_v that_o by_o consilio_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v not_o council_n but_o consent_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n consilium_fw-la often_o signify_v in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n for_o otherwise_o if_o this_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v council_n it_o will_v be_v a_o plain_a tautology_n for_o advice_n and_o council_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o to_o show_v you_o also_o that_o there_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n either_o upon_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o edward_n the_o 2_o d._n take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v appear_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o when_o prince_n edward_n refuse_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o parliament_n elect_v he_o unless_o his_o father_n will_v willing_o resign_v it_o he_o do_v at_o their_o request_n resign_v his_o title_n to_o it_o by_o certain_a commissioner_n send_v down_o to_o he_o to_o kenelworth_n castle_n to_o take_v it_o now_o that_o place_n be_v at_o least_o two_o day_n journey_n from_o london_n it_o be_v certain_a there_o must_v be_v as_o many_o day_n vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n if_o not_o more_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n can_v get_v to_o london_n and_o that_o prince_n edward_n have_v agree_v to_o take_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o father_n resignation_n for_o till_o then_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a since_o till_o the_o prince_n have_v declare_v his_o assent_n to_o take_v it_o he_o may_v have_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v accept_v of_o it_o or_o not_o as_o not_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o his_o father_n resignation_n be_v voluntary_a and_o not_o by_o constraint_n now_o if_o there_o be_v a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n in_o this_o case_n though_o but_o for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n it_o serve_v to_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n as_o well_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v for_o two_o year_n so_o likewise_o let_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o begin_v either_o from_o the_o resignation_n or_o deposition_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o two_o d._n take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o please_v there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v still_o extant_a for_o it_o be_v there_o plain_a that_o after_o the_o instrument_n of_o king_n richard_n resignation_n and_o deposition_n be_v solemn_o read_v that_o the_o throne_n continue_v void_a for_o some_o space_n till_o such_o time_n as_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n stand_v up_o and_o make_v his_o claim_n to_o it_o in_o that_o form_n of_o word_n which_o stand_v to_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o parliament_n roll_n and_o that_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n take_v the_o duke_n by_o the_o hand_n have_v lead_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n and_o place_v he_o therein_o m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o as_o you_o have_v set_v forth_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n in_o these_o two_o case_n but_o since_o the_o deposition_n of_o both_o these_o king_n be_v contrary_a to_o law_n and_o their_o resignation_n extort_a from_o they_o by_o constraint_n whilst_o they_o be_v in_o prison_n they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o valid_a or_o to_o be_v urge_v as_o precedent_n in_o future_a time_n but_o however_o the_o throne_n may_v seem_v then_o to_o be_v vacant_a in_o point_n of_o fact_n yet_o in_o law_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o edmund_n earl_n of_o march_n ought_v to_o have_v immediate_o succeed_v upon_o the_o death_n or_o resignation_n of_o king_n richard_n as_o be_v lineal_o descend_v from_o philippe_n only_a daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o lionel_n duke_n of_o clarence_n third_z son_n of_o king_n edward_z the_o iiid_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n as_o much_o a_o usurper_n as_o he_o be_v yet_o be_v so_o sensible_a that_o the_o crown_n can_v not_o be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o election_n but_o by_o right_a of_o blood_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n also_o think_v themselves_o in_o duty_n bind_v to_o submit_v to_o he_o to_o who_o by_o right_o of_o blood_n the_o crown_n do_v belong_v p._n will_v appear_v from_o this_o duke_n manner_n of_o lay_v claim_n thereunto_o which_o since_o you_o have_v not_o particular_o mention_v i_o will_n for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o throne_n vacant_a by_o the_o pretend_a voluntary_a resignation_n of_o king_n richard_n 4.20_o but_o duke_n henry_n have_v fortify_v himself_o with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n stand_v up_o and_o make_v his_o demand_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o his_o mother-tongue_n in_o this_o form_n of_o word_n as_o i_o have_v extract_v they_o out_o of_o the_o parliament_n roll._n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n i_o henry_n of_o lancaster_n challenge_v this_o reawme_n of_o inglonde_n and_o the_o corone_n withal_o the_o member_n and_o appurtenance_n also_o that_o i_o be_o descendit_fw-la by_o right_a line_n of_o the_o blood_n come_v fro_o the_o good_a lord_n king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o thorghe_o that_o right_o that_o god_n of_o his_o grace_n have_v send_v i_o with_o the_o help_n of_o my_o kin_n and_o of_o my_o friend_n to_o recover_v it_o the_o which_o reawme_n be_v in_o point_n to_o be_v undo_v for_o default_n of_o governance_n and_o undo_v of_o the_o good_a law_n and_o after_o which_o challenge_n and_o claim_v say_v the_o record_n which_o i_o render_v out_o of_o latin_a as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a as_o temporal_a and_o all_o the_o state_n there_o present_a be_v all_o several_o interrogated_a what_o they_o think_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a challenge_n and_o claim_n the_o above_o name_v state_n with_o all_o the_o commonalty_n without_o any_o difficulty_n or_o delay_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a duke_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n admit_v the_o duke_n claim_n for_o good_a without_o proceed_v to_o any_o formal_a election_n of_o he_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o pretend_v right_o and_o claim_v as_o heir_n of_o earl_n edmund_n surname_v croutch-back_a brother_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o ist._n who_o he_o false_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v the_o elder_a son_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o iiid_n and_o put_v by_o for_o his_o deformity_n do_v not_o only_a himself_o but_o also_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o his_o grandson_n henry_n the_o vith_o though_o usurper_n succeed_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n till_o the_o 39th_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o vith_o when_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n do_v in_o a_o full_a parliament_n lay_v claim_v thereunto_o in_o right_n of_o his_o mother_n be_v only_a sister_n and_o heir_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o march._n and_o because_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pray_v read_v this_o part_n of_o it_o as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll._n whereupon_o consideration_n of_o the_o answer_n 18._o and_o claim_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n it_o be_v conclude_v and_o agree_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n that_o his_o title_n can_v not_o be_v defeat_v and_o therefore_o for_o eschew_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o may_v ensue_v a_o mean_a be_v find_v to_o save_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o estate_n and_o to_o appease_v the_o say_a duke_n if_o he_o will_v which_o be_v that_o the_o king_n viz._n henry_n the_o vith_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n during_o life_n the_o duke_n to_o be_v declare_v the_o true_a heir_n and_o to_o possess_v it_o after_o his_o death_n etc._n etc._n and_o note_v that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v after_o a_o solemn_a hear_n of_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v on_o both_o side_n f._n i_o confess_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n henry_n the_o vith_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n be_v true_o recite_v
crown_n yet_o the_o pretend_a hereditary_a right_n of_o blood_n be_v the_o main_a ground_n of_o his_o establishment_n but_o as_o for_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o though_o he_o can_v claim_v the_o crown_n by_o no_o true_a right_n of_o inheritance_n yet_o will_v he_o never_o own_v it_o to_o be_v a_o election_n by_o parliament_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n richard_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o bosworth_n the_o lord_n stanley_n put_v his_o crown_n upon_o henry_n head_n who_o immediate_o still_v himself_o king_n seven_o as_o well_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n as_o by_o be_v sole_a heir_n male_a of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n he_o as_o such_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o though_o he_o afterward_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o he_o procure_v his_o title_n to_o be_v recognise_v 7._o yet_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v he_o be_v afraid_a to_o take_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o only_a true_a title_n in_o right_a of_o the_o lady_n elizabeth_n his_o queen_n for_o fear_v he_o shall_v only_o be_v king_n by_o courtesy_n and_o must_v upon_o the_o queen_n death_n have_v resign_v it_o again_o and_o shall_v he_o take_v it_o by_o election_n he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n between_o a_o king_n that_o hold_v his_o crown_n by_o a_o civil_a act_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o one_o mind_n that_o that_o hold_v it_o original_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o descent_n of_o blood_n and_o therefore_o upon_o these_o consideration_n he_o resolve_v to_o rest_v upon_o the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n as_o his_o main_a right_n and_o thereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o pass_v wherein_o his_o title_n be_v acknowledge_v as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n there_o tell_v we_o not_o by_o way_n of_o declaration_n or_o recognition_n of_o right_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o avoid_v to_o have_v it_o by_o a_o new_a law_n of_o ordinance_n but_o choose_v rather_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o middle_a way_n by_o way_n of_o establishment_n and_o that_o under_o covert_n and_o indifferent_a word_n that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n may_v be_v equal_o apply_v that_o the_o crown_n shall_v continue_v to_o he_o but_o whether_o as_o have_v former_a right_n to_o it_o which_o be_v doubtful_a or_o have_v it_o then_o in_o fact_n or_o possession_n which_o no_o man_n deny_v be_v leave_v fair_a to_o interpretation_n either_o way_n i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o justify_v all_o his_o action_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o he_o chief_o insist_v upon_o his_o right_n of_o inheritance_n and_o absolute_o disow_v any_o title_n by_o election_n from_o the_o people_n f._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n richard_n the_o iii_o d_n depose_v his_o nephew_n and_o usurp_a the_o crown_n to_o have_v be_v very_o wicked_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n of_o england_n concern_v the_o succession_n at_o that_o time_n and_o likewise_o that_o by_o bastardize_n his_o brother_n the_o late_a king_n issue_n without_o due_a course_n of_o law_n and_o by_o attaint_v the_o blood_n of_o his_o other_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n he_o will_v have_v make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_a heir_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n yet_o you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o for_o all_o this_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o title_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a his_o right_n by_o blood_n be_v declare_v in_o the_o first_o place_n in_o that_o act_n of_o recognition_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o will_v not_o rely_v upon_o that_o alone_a and_o therefore_o you_o see_v the_o parliament_n there_o also_o insist_o upon_o his_o right_n by_o election_n and_o coronation_n which_o they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o for_o good_a law_n that_o whoever_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o have_v his_o title_n therein_o recognize_v and_o confirm_v be_v thenceforth_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n therefore_o though_o you_o have_v omit_v it_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v you_o what_o this_o statute_n also_o far_a declare_v for_o after_o they_o have_v declare_v the_o say_v king_n title_n as_o ground_v upon_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o laudable_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o be_v learn_v in_o they_o they_o proceed_v thus_o yet_o nevertheless_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o sufficient_o learn_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a law_n and_o custom_n whereby_o truth_n and_o right_n in_o his_o behalf_n of_o likelihood_n may_v be_v have_v and_o not_o clear_o know_v to_o all_o people_n and_o thereupon_o put_v in_o doubt_n and_o question_n and_o over_o this_o how_o that_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n be_v of_o such_o authority_n that_o a_o declaration_n make_v by_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o make_v before_o all_o other_o thing_n most_o faithful_a and_o certain_a quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o remove_v the_o occasion_n of_o doubt_n and_o seditious_a language_n therefore_o they_o also_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v the_o undoubted_a king_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n suppose_v that_o the_o subject_n in_o general_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n upon_o which_o the_o title_n of_o our_o king_n depend_v and_o that_o the_o best_a satisfaction_n that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n can_v possible_o have_v in_o those_o high_a matter_n be_v to_o rest_v on_o the_o judgement_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o kingdom_n declare_v by_o act_n and_o authority_n of_o parliament_n and_o therein_o to_o acquiesce_v for_o the_o prevent_a sedition_n so_o much_o as_o in_o language_n therefore_o what_o i_o say_v before_o in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n stephen_n be_v also_o true_a in_o this_o quod_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debuit_fw-la factum_fw-la valet_fw-la and_o all_o the_o act_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n richard_n though_o â_o horrid_a usurper_n be_v never_o repeal_v but_o stand_v good_a at_o this_o day_n as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o this_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v also_o true_a but_o as_o for_o his_o title_n to_o it_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n that_o be_v certain_o false_a for_o his_o mother_n the_o countess_n of_o richmond_n be_v then_o alive_a by_o who_o he_o claim_v the_o crown_n and_o live_v divers_a year_n after_o he_o be_v king_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n that_o he_o claim_v the_o crown_n in_o parliament_n vii_o tam_fw-la per_fw-la justum_fw-la titulum_fw-la haereditantiae_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la verum_fw-la dei_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_fw-la tribuendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la victoriam_fw-la de_fw-la inimico_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o campo_fw-it though_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o title_n may_v be_v true_a viz._n the_o conquest_n of_o king_n richard_n especial_o when_o once_o he_o be_v confirm_v and_o recognize_v in_o parliament_n yet_o that_o the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v so_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o this_o best_a title_n be_v neither_o by_o inheritance_n nor_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o unprint_v statute_n itself_o still_o upon_o the_o roll_n which_o since_o you_o do_v not_o repeat_v d._n i_o will_v the_o title_n be_v titulus_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o it_o run_v in_o these_o word_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o almighty_n god_n the_o wealth_n prosperity_n and_o surety_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n to_o the_o singular_a comfort_n of_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n of_o the_o same_o and_o in_o avoid_v of_o all_o ambiguity_n and_o question_n be_v it_o ordain_v establish_v and_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o of_o france_n with_o all_o the_o preeminence_n and_o dignity_n royal_a to_o the_o same_o pertain_v and_o all_o other_o seignoury_n to_o the_o king_n belong_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n thereto_o in_o any_o wise_a due_a or_o pertain_v be_v rest_n remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o most_o royal_a person_n of_o our_o now_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o and_o in_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v perpetual_o with_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n so_o to_o endure_v and_o in_o none_o
parliament_n for_o as_o to_o queen_n mary_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o her_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n she_o can_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n because_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o the_o 22._o his_o marriage_n with_o queen_n catherine_n her_o mother_n be_v declare_v unlawful_a and_o the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v on_o queen_n anne_n bullen_n and_o beside_o all_o this_o she_o be_v but_o sister_n by_o the_o half_a blood_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o vi_o the_o and_o so_o can_v not_o inherit_v as_o heir_n to_o he_o and_o though_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n the_o parliament_n it_o be_v true_a take_v off_o her_o illegitimation_n and_o repeal_v the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o and_o 28_o the_o of_o henry_n viii_o whereby_o she_o be_v declare_v illegitimate_a yet_o in_o this_o the_o parliament_n seem_v rather_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o her_o descent_n than_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o declare_v her_o succession_n to_o be_v inheritance_n by_o right_a of_o blood_n because_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o the_o whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v upon_o prince_n edward_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n the_o remainder_n upon_o the_o lady_n marry_o and_o elizabeth_n and_o whereby_o the_o king_n have_v also_o power_n give_v he_o of_o dispose_v the_o crown_n by_o letter_n patent_n or_o by_o will_n be_v not_o at_o all_o repeal_v and_o for_o which_o a_o memorable_a reason_n be_v give_v in_o both_o these_o act_n lest_o if_o such_o heir_n shall_v fail_v and_o no_o provision_n make_v in_o the_o king_n life_n who_o shall_v rule_v and_o govern_v this_o realm_n for_o lack_v of_o such_o heir_n that_o then_o this_o realm_n shall_v be_v destitute_a of_o a_o lawful_a governor_n whereby_o it_o seem_v plain_a that_o the_o parliament_n than_o esteem_v no_o heir_n to_o have_v a_o right_n by_o law_n far_o than_o have_v be_v declare_v by_o these_o statute_n so_o likewise_o for_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o title_n be_v more_o apparent_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o she_o look_v upon_o herself_o sufficient_a to_o have_v succeed_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o last_o mention_v appear_v in_o that_o she_o never_o procure_v her_o mother_n marriage_n to_o be_v declare_v good_a and_o consequent_o her_o own_o illegitimation_n to_o be_v take_v off_o so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o either_o queen_n mary_n or_o queen_n elizabeth_n title_n must_v have_v be_v only_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o she_o be_v bear_v whilst_o queen_n catherine_n king_n henry_n first_o wife_n be_v live_v and_o therefore_o when_o the_o parliament_n you_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n declare_v that_o she_o be_v right_o lawful_o and_o lineal_o descend_v and_o come_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o this_o realm_n yet_o these_o word_n can_v only_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o lineal_a and_o lawful_a descent_n as_o be_v here_o declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a statute_n and_o not_o according_a to_o any_o hereditary_a descent_n at_o common-law_n since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o pope_n dispensation_n for_o king_n henrys_n marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n catherine_n his_o brother_n wife_n be_v allow_v for_o good_a as_o it_o be_v till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o this_o and_o all_o the_o first_o 25_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o viii_o this_o reign_n the_o princess_n mary_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a presumptive_a heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o i_o tell_v you_o not_o to_o invalidate_v queen_n elizabeth_n title_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o they_o declare_v that_o which_o be_v apparent_o false_a in_o matter_n of_o law_n or_o fact_n be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v unless_o you_o will_v give_v they_o more_o power_n than_o god_n himself_o who_o can_v as_o all_o divine_n agree_v make_v that_o to_o have_v be_v do_v which_o be_v never_o do_v or_o that_o not_o to_o have_v be_v do_v which_o have_v once_o come_v to_o pass_v i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o examine_v the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o i_o will_v not_o dispute_v to_o have_v be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n since_o none_o of_o the_o descendant_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o can_v have_v any_o title_n before_o he_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v otherwise_o ordain_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o viii_o this_o will_n yet_o that_o as_o you_o yourself_o show_v be_v not_o only_o cancel_v in_o queen_n marys_n time_n but_o be_v also_o void_a in_o itself_o for_o whereas_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o the_o there_o be_v a_o power_n give_v he_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o crown_n either_o by_o his_o letter_n parent_n or_o else_o by_o his_o last_o will_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n yet_o be_v this_o power_n never_o legal_o execute_v for_o those_o that_o have_v argue_v against_o this_o will_n 269._o have_v tell_v we_o that_o he_o never_o sign_v it_o in_o his_o life_n time_n but_o that_o a_o stamp_n of_o his_o name_n be_v put_v thereunto_o after_o his_o decease_n as_o most_o manifest_o appear_v by_o open_a declaration_n make_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o matter_n by_o the_o lord_n paget_n and_o other_o that_o king_n henry_n do_v never_o sign_n it_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n as_o be_v also_o prove_v by_o the_o pardon_v obtain_v for_o one_o william_n clerk_n for_o put_v the_o stamp_n unto_o the_o say_a will_n after_o the_o king_n be_v depart_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o king_n james_n have_v a_o very_a good_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o inheritance_n yet_o whether_o it_o be_v from_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o alone_a or_o from_o queen_n elizabeth_n his_o wife_n be_v not_o there_o declare_v only_o that_o he_o be_v lawful_o descend_v of_o lady_n margaret_n elder_a daughter_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n his_o wife_n elder_a daughter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o iv_o the_o and_o therefore_o that_o they_o be_v bind_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n to_o recognize_v his_o majesty_n as_o sole_a heir_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o this_o realm_n all_o which_o be_v so_o far_o true_a if_o by_o god_n law_n and_o man_n law_n you_o will_v thereby_o understand_v such_o law_n as_o god_n empower_v the_o king_n and_o parliament_n to_o make_v for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o more_o heed_n to_o be_v take_v of_o this_o declaration_n than_o that_o which_o be_v make_v before_o to_o richard_n the_o iii_o d_o which_o also_o declare_v he_o to_o have_v a_o good_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o see_v nothing_o in_o all_o this_o act_n of_o recognition_n that_o at_o all_o contradict_v my_o notion_n that_o king_n james_n title_n be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o act_n of_o settlement_n make_v on_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o from_o who_o he_o be_v lineal_o descend_v so_o that_o though_o his_o pedigree_n be_v also_o derive_v from_o queen_n elizabeth_n elder_a daughter_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o iv_o the_o yet_o this_o be_v only_o ex_fw-la abundanti_fw-la to_o show_v that_o he_o have_v every_o way_n a_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o if_o she_o herself_o have_v any_o title_n it_o be_v whole_o by_o virtue_n of_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o 39_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o the_o and_o 1_o st_z of_o edward_n the_o iv_o the_o which_o vest_v the_o crown_n in_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n and_o king_n edward_z the_o iv_o the_o his_o son_n and_o which_o last_o act_n first_o declare_v that_o the_o three_o henrys_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n be_v only_a king_n in_o deed_n and_o not_o of_o right_a for_o before_o that_o time_n i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o in_o all_o our_o history_n or_o law-book_n any_o such_o distinction_n in_o all_o forego_n time_n he_o that_o be_v solemn_o anoint_v and_o crown_v king_n in_o deed_n be_v also_o look_v upon_o so_o to_o be_v in_o point_n of_o right_n and_o therefore_o let_v those_o statute_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o talk_z never_o so_o much_o of_o any_o king_n be_v so_o by_o any_o fundamental_a hereditary_a right_a precedent_n to_o and_o independent_a from_o
one_o thing_n more_o to_o add_v in_o relation_n to_o somewhat_o i_o promise_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o last_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o late_a revolution_n be_v different_a from_o the_o last_o civil_a war_n and_o murder_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o which_o though_o i_o have_v finish_v and_o think_v to_o have_v insert_v into_o this_o discovese_n yet_o since_o it_o prove_v rather_o too_o long_o without_o it_o and_o that_o the_o bookseller_n urge_v for_o its_o speedy_a publication_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o omit_v it_o since_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o relate_v to_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o be_v various_o state_v by_o those_o who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o give_v you_o the_o head_n of_o those_o inquiry_n i_o have_v make_v and_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o satisfy_v yourself_o in_o these_o point_n follow_v first_o if_o after_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o have_v not_o only_o pass_v all_o bill_n for_o redress_v those_o grievance_n the_o nation_n lie_v under_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o 1640._o but_o have_v also_o pass_v the_o bill_n to_o make_v it_o not_o to_o be_v prorogue_v or_o dissolve_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n i_o say_v whether_o there_o be_v then_o any_o such_o violation_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o fundamental_a law_n which_o shall_v require_v the_o parliament_n and_o nation_n put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n against_o the_o king_n arbitrary_a power_n second_o whether_o the_o fear_n and_o jealousy_n of_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n which_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o the_o king_n have_v do_v still_o trouble_v many_o man_n mind_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o the_o two_o house_n to_o demand_v the_o put_v the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o his_o own_o power_n into_o such_o hand_n as_o they_o shall_v nominate_v and_o appoint_v three_o whether_o upon_o his_o refusal_n of_o their_o address_n for_o the_o militia_n their_o go_v about_o to_o take_v it_o out_o of_o his_o hand_n by_o force_n and_o particular_o their_o shut_v he_o out_o of_o hull_n be_v not_o a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o king_n when_o he_o be_v as_o yet_o unâarmed_v and_o have_v give_v out_o no_o commission_n to_o raise_v man_n or_o arms._n four_o when_o the_o war_n be_v begin_v whether_o the_o king_n do_v not_o in_o all_o his_o message_n to_o and_o treaty_n with_o the_o parliament_n propose_v and_o seem_v to_o desire_v peace_n upon_o equal_a and_o reasonable_a term_n five_o whether_o the_o two_o house_n do_v not_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o those_o reasonable_a proposal_n still_o insist_v upon_o high_a term_n as_o their_o victory_n and_o success_n over_o the_o king_n increase_v six_o when_o the_o king_n be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o scot_n whether_o the_o parliament_n and_o army_n do_v not_o keep_v he_o as_o good_a as_o a_o close_a prisoner_n and_o vote_v no_o more_o address_n to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o mere_o because_o he_o refuse_v to_o pass_v whatever_o bill_n they_o bring_v to_o he_o seven_o when_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v by_o necessity_n to_o grant_v they_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n almost_o whatever_o they_o demand_v whether_o he_o be_v not_o hurry_v away_o from_o thence_o by_o cromwell_n army_n and_o for_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o who_o have_v voted_n the_o king_n concession_n satisfactory_a exclude_v the_o house_n by_o force_n till_o the_o far_o less_o party_n have_v reverse_v all_o that_o the_o rest_n have_v do_v and_o then_o vote_v the_o king_n shall_v he_o call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o parliament_n and_o for_o treason_n against_o the_o kingdom_n eight_o whether_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o they_o do_v not_o appoint_v judge_n to_o try_v the_o king_n who_o upon_o his_o refusal_n to_o own_o their_o authority_n condemn_v he_o to_o death_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n before_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o own_o palace_n nine_o whether_o this_o fag_n end_n of_o a_o parliament_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n both_o in_o church_n and_o state_n destroy_v both_o monarchy_n and_o episcopacy_n and_o vote_v the_o house_n of_o peer_n useless_a and_o dangerous_a and_o set_v up_o a_o democratical_a commonwealth_n or_o rather_o a_o oligarcy_n in_o their_o stead_n consist_v of_o about_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o man_n whole_o govern_v and_o awe_v by_o cromwell_n and_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n now_o let_v any_o man_n but_o impartial_o consider_v all_o these_o transaction_n with_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o read_v what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o three_o last_o dialogue_n and_o then_o let_v he_o tell_v meingenuous_o whether_o he_o think_v this_o revolution_n have_v be_v begin_v upon_o the_o like_a ground_n and_o carry_v on_o by_o the_o same_o violent_a course_n or_o have_v end_v with_o the_o same_o direful_a effect_n as_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n and_o murder_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o propose_v on_o this_o subject_a but_o only_o to_o wish_v that_o these_o discourse_n write_v with_o a_o real_a design_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o peace_n of_o my_o country_n may_v be_v read_v with_o the_o like_a affection_n with_o which_o they_o be_v write_v and_o may_v real_o promote_v that_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v but_o if_o not_o that_o they_o may_v at_o least_o serve_v as_o a_o impartial_a history_n to_o posterity_n of_o those_o principle_n and_o opinion_n on_o which_o this_o late_a great_a revolution_n have_v be_v bring_v about_o in_o england_n and_o also_o those_o on_o which_o it_o have_v be_v so_o violent_o oppose_v by_o the_o dissent_v party_n the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n sir_n i_o hope_v i_o do_v not_o interrupt_v you_o by_o come_v too_o soon_o for_o the_o truth_n be_v since_o i_o intend_v that_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o last_o dispute_v i_o shall_v ever_o have_v with_o you_o upon_o this_o subject_a i_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o have_v it_o dispatch_v as_o soon_o as_o i_o can_v that_o when_o i_o have_v once_o discharge_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o old_a friend_n and_o acquaintance_n my_o mind_n may_v be_v at_o rest_n which_o side_n soever_o you_o take_v m._n dear_a sir_n i_o thank_v you_o and_o though_o i_o intend_v to_o go_v abroad_o this_o evening_n upon_o a_o appointment_n yet_o i_o will_v not_o put_v it_o off_o that_o i_o may_v enjoy_v your_o better_a conversation_n therefore_o pray_v begin_v where_o you_o leave_v off_o and_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o i_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n f._n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o you_o may_v not_o safe_o do_v it_o since_o our_o best_a common_a lawyer_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n for_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o three_o institute_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o treason_n 7._o the_o 25_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o iii_o d_o give_v it_o for_o law_n that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o king_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o king_n regnant_n in_o possession_n although_o he_o be_v rex_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr jure_fw-la yet_o be_v he_o signior_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr within_o the_o purview_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o other_o that_o have_v right_o and_o be_v out_o of_o possession_n be_v not_o within_o this_o act_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o levy_v war_n against_o he_o or_o to_o conspire_v his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o he_o continue_v king_n it_o can_v only_o be_v so_o because_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n be_v then_o due_a to_o he_o for_o that_o all_o man_n have_v either_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n or_o else_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v it_o m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n neither_o in_o point_n of_o law_n or_o reason_n for_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o persuade_v in_o my_o conscience_n that_o king_n james_n be_v king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la so_o long_o must_v the_o obligation_n of_o my_o former_a oath_n last_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o owe_v allegiance_n to_o two_o king_n at_o once_o as_o it_o be_v to_o serve_v two_o master_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o suppose_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n depend_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o common_o receive_v sense_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o vii_o the_o which_o he_o quote_v in_o the_o margin_n may_v be_v
act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o go_v upon_o a_o wrong_a ground_n when_o you_o suppose_v that_o there_o can_v be_v now_o any_o dispute_n who_o be_v rightful_a king_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v you_o that_o he_o can_v neither_o abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o no_o parliament_n whatever_o much_o less_o a_o convention_n can_v have_v any_o power_n to_o declare_v he_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o that_o thereby_o the_o throne_n be_v become_v vacant_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o legal_o assemble_v aught_o to_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a submission_n and_o respect_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v only_o in_o such_o matter_n which_o they_o have_v a_o legal_a cognizance_n of_o and_o which_o they_o be_v impower_v by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o determine_v but_o since_o their_o vote_v he_o who_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v to_o have_v be_v their_o lawful_a king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o throne_n when_o indeed_o he_o have_v not_o and_o then_o not_o only_o to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a but_o also_o to_o place_v those_o therein_o who_o you_o yourself_o dare_v not_o affirm_v to_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n be_v thing_n quite_o out_o of_o their_o element_n and_o beyond_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o they_o may_v sometime_o judge_v concern_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o who_o be_v next_o heir_n to_o it_o yet_o be_v this_o only_a to_o be_v understand_v as_o far_o as_o they_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o succession_n already_o lay_v down_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n and_o not_o when_o they_o go_v quite_o contrary_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o though_o i_o own_o the_o parliament_n may_v just_o declare_v henry_n the_o vith_o to_o be_v a_o usurper_n and_o consequent_o may_v be_v depose_v yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v a_o like_a right_a to_o declare_v edward_n the_o ivth_o a_o usurper_n and_o to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o attainder_n against_o he_o as_o i_o confess_v they_o do_v after_o that_o prince_n have_v hold_v the_o crown_n for_o ten_o year_n together_o since_o that_o be_v beyond_o their_o power_n to_o enact_v or_o declare_v by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a your_o answer_n can_v afford_v nothing_o new_o but_o only_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o same_o false_a principle_n and_o argument_n that_o have_v be_v already_o so_o often_o answer_v in_o our_o former_a conversation_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o neither_o the_o law_n of_o god_n nor_o nature_n have_v ordain_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o lineal_a succession_n of_o king_n or_o any_o irresistible_a or_o unforfeitable_a power_n in_o they_o which_o they_o can_v never_o fall_v from_o let_v they_o act_v never_o so_o tyrannical_o for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o not_o only_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n but_o also_o in_o limit_a kingdom_n where_o the_o king_n have_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n a_o king_n may_v not_o only_o be_v resist_v but_o may_v be_v also_o declare_v to_o have_v abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o govern_v in_o case_n of_o any_o apparent_a obstinate_a violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n in_o those_o great_a point_n that_o make_v that_o government_n to_o differ_v from_o a_o despotic_a monarchy_n and_o that_o if_o they_o have_v not_o this_o right_a all_o their_o liberty_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n will_v lie_v whole_o at_o the_o king_n mercy_n to_o be_v invade_v and_o take_v away_o when_o ever_o he_o please_v i_o be_o force_v to_o repeat_v this_o to_o remind_v you_o of_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o those_o principle_n be_v found_v and_o therefore_o you_o do_v but_o fall_v into_o your_o old_a mistake_n when_o you_o affirm_v that_o by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o our_o late_a convention_n have_v no_o power_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n to_o have_v break_v the_o original_a contract_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o want_n of_o authority_n in_o this_o great_a council_n to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a be_v altogether_o precarious_a unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n so_o to_o do_v whereas_o i_o have_v so_o far_o prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v declare_v vacant_a no_o less_o than_o eight_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n which_o make_v up_o almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n that_o have_v reign_v since_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o the_o custom_n and_o practice_n of_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n and_o those_o not_o condemn_v by_o any_o subsequent_a statute_n can_v be_v the_o only_a rule_n or_o guide_n for_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n we_o have_v certain_o have_v that_o as_o solemn_o declare_v now_o as_o in_o any_o other_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n that_o have_v be_v ever_o hold_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o want_n of_o power_n in_o those_o council_n to_o declare_v or_o recognize_v who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o not_o to_o make_v they_o so_o be_v very_o pleasant_a since_o that_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o two_o man_n who_o contend_v for_o a_o estate_n shall_v bring_v the_o matter_n before_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v and_o the_o case_n solemn_o hear_v by_o council_n on_o both_o side_n that_o party_n who_o have_v lose_v the_o cause_n shall_v declare_v that_o this_o court_n though_o the_o high_a in_o the_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n to_o judge_v in_o prejudice_n of_o himself_o who_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o estate_n which_o be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o lord_n power_n to_o give_v judgement_n only_o for_o one_o side_n and_o why_o the_o other_o party_n if_o the_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v against_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v make_v the_o like_a plea_n i_o can_v understand_v so_o that_o such_o a_o judgement_n will_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a therefore_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o purpose_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o the_o strength_n and_o faction_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n do_v as_o i_o grant_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n declare_v that_o his_o title_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v defeat_v yet_o henry_n the_o vith_o be_v then_o in_o the_o throne_n they_o may_v have_v certain_o give_v a_o contrary_a judgement_n if_o they_o have_v please_v and_o then_o i_o suppose_v the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o york_n may_v have_v be_v so_o defeat_v as_o that_o the_o nation_n have_v never_o be_v trouble_v with_o it_o again_o and_o so_o also_o when_o by_o the_o power_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o a_o parliament_n meet_v and_o declare_v he_o to_o be_v lawful_a king_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n death_n yet_o when_o the_o say_a king_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o vith_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n a_o parliament_n be_v summon_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o edward_n the_o ivth_o be_v declare_v a_o usurper_n 6._o and_o himself_o attaint_v and_o to_o which_o parliament_n the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n brother_z to_z king_n edward_z the_o ivth_o be_v first_o summon_v as_o well_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n temporal_a lord_n and_o judge_n of_o who_o littleton_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o tenor_n be_v one_o so_o likewise_o upon_o king_n edward_n recovery_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o year_n follow_v 1_o king_n henry_n be_v again_o depose_v and_o a_o parliament_n call_v wherein_o all_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o baron_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n and_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n swear_v to_o prince_n edward_n after_z called_z edward_z the_o vth_o as_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o other_o law_n or_o rule_n there_o be_v then_o for_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n but_o the_o solemn_a judgement_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o act_n and_o judgement_n be_v in_o this_o dispute_n direct_o contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a
a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v make_v indefinite_o without_o fix_v it_o to_o any_o time_n or_o person_n the_o word_n in_o the_o act_n be_v the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v which_o must_v certain_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o king_n as_o well_o as_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o a_o deed_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o a_o unnecessary_a clause_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n render_v the_o whole_a void_a but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o act_n be_v a_o security_n for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o child_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o rather_o serve_v to_o strengthen_v the_o act_n than_o otherwise_o for_o if_o this_o king_n have_v a_o good_a title_n in_o her_o right_n than_o it_o may_v be_v also_o very_a well_o suppose_v that_o she_o give_v her_o assent_n to_o this_o act_n in_o the_o person_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o that_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n but_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o she_o own_o issue_n since_o if_o after_o her_o death_n which_o happen_v some_o year_n before_o he_o her_o son_n henry_n prince_n of_o wales_n have_v set_v up_o his_o present_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o mother_n and_o so_o will_v have_v dethrone_v his_o father_n as_o a_o usurper_n i_o suppose_v no_o reasonable_a man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o this_o act_n will_v have_v indemnify_v all_o those_o who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o against_o his_o son_n though_o in_o your_o sense_n king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o if_o it_o will_v justify_v the_o subject_n then_o i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n now_o in_o their_o swear_a allegiance_n nay_o fight_v for_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n against_o he_o who_o we_o will_v for_o the_o present_a suppose_n to_o be_v king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la m._n well_o however_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n be_v no_o more_o than_o temporary_a from_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o northumberland_n 56._o who_o when_o he_o be_v try_v for_o treason_n for_o lead_v a_o army_n against_o queen_n mary_n to_o settle_v the_o lady_n jane_n grace_n in_o the_o throne_n desire_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o judge_n whether_o a_o man_n act_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n or_o prince_n council_n as_o stow_z and_o heylin_n word_n it_o can_v become_v thereby_o guilty_a of_o treason_n to_o which_o all_o the_o judge_n answer_v that_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o one_o that_o be_v not_o lawful_a queen_n can_v give_v no_o authority_n or_o indemnity_n to_o those_o that_o act_v by_o such_o a_o warrant_n upon_o which_o the_o duke_n submit_v though_o without_o question_n he_o do_v not_o want_v lawyer_n to_o enforce_v his_o plea_n with_o this_o statute_n likewise_o if_o his_o cause_n will_v have_v bear_v it_o from_o whence_o i_o infer_v against_o sir_n edward_n coke_n that_o treason_n lie_v against_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la though_o out_o of_o possession_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o all_o our_o historian_n that_o queen_n mary_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n act_v against_o she_o that_o the_o lady_n jane_n be_v not_o only_o proclaim_v queen_n in_o london_n and_o most_o of_o all_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o england_n but_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o naval_a force_n be_v under_o her_o command_n and_o she_o have_v also_o allegiance_n swear_v to_o she_o by_o the_o privy-council_n and_o by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n and_o she_o have_v also_o the_o seal_n in_o her_o power_n by_o which_o all_o patent_n and_o commission_n be_v grant_v and_o issue_v in_o her_o name_n and_o if_o all_o this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o constitute_v her_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la according_a to_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o i_o know_v not_o what_o be_v f._n yet_o i_o can_v tell_v you_o what_o be_v yet_o want_v which_o because_o she_o have_v not_o she_o be_v certain_o neither_o queen_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o that_o be_v a_o solemn_a coronation_n and_o recognition_n of_o she_o right_o by_o parliament_n which_o legal_a investiture_n since_o she_o never_o have_v she_o be_v not_o the_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o consequent_o not_o intend_v within_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a she_o be_v appoint_v successor_n of_o the_o crown-by_a the_o letter_n patent_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o vith_o yet_o since_o she_o can_v not_o claim_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n there_o be_v so_o many_o before_o she_o all_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o usurpation_n and_o a_o artifice_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n who_o son_n she_o have_v marry_v to_o get_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o his_o sole_a power_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v so_o averse_a to_o her_o title_n and_o that_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o take_v her_o part_n so_o quick_o revolt_v from_o she_o when_o once_o the_o fear_v they_o be_v in_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n power_n be_v remove_v for_o have_v this_o bequest_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o lady_n jane_n hold_v good_a this_o kingdom_n instead_o of_o be_v hereditary_a will_v have_v become_v whole_o testamentary_a and_o disposable_a by_o the_o last_o will_n or_o letter_n patent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v contrary_a not_o only_o to_o the_o then_o receive_a law_n of_o succession_n but_o also_o to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o if_o the_o lady_n jane_n have_v so_o far_o prevail_v against_o queen_n mary_n as_o to_o have_v be_v able_a to_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o to_o have_v have_v her_o title_n own_a and_o recognise_v therein_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o richard_n the_o three_o and_o henry_n the_o seven_o but_o that_o she_o will_v have_v be_v true_a and_o lawful_a queen_n according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n we_o be_v now_o discourse_v of_o and_o then_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n must_v likewise_o if_o he_o have_v fair_a play_n have_v be_v indemnify_v for_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o her_o defence_n against_o queen_n mary_n since_o queen_n jane_n will_v have_v be_v then_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o much_o as_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o himself_o m._n you_o must_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o can_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o if_o the_o bare_a coronation_n and_o recognition_n by_o parliament_n can_v confer_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o one_o who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o it_o before_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o will_v be_v that_o the_o crown_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v ancient_o be_v that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o bold_a usurper_n or_o rebel_n who_o have_v but_o the_o confidence_n to_o call_v himself_o king_n to_o gain_v a_o legal_a title_n to_o be_v so_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n and_o then_o if_o oliver_n cromwell_n can_v have_v find_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o in_o the_o army_n to_o have_v declare_v he_o king_n and_o have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o his_o own_o name_n who_o have_v recognise_v he_o for_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n he_o will_v then_o have_v have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n as_o king_n charles_n the_o iid_n which_o certain_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n but_o also_o to_o that_o solemn_a recognition_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o title_n as_o lineal_o descend_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n which_o i_o insist_v on_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v and_o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v have_v my_o sense_n of_o this_o act_n it_o be_v either_o expire_v for_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v already_o give_v or_o else_o be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o settle_a course_n of_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o lineal_a descent_n for_o divers_a hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v but_o
also_o to_o those_o of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n for_o a_o usurper_n not_o only_o to_o seize_v the_o throne_n by_o force_n but_o if_o he_o can_v once_o get_v himself_o solemn_o crown_v and_o then_o recognise_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o call_n which_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o to_o have_v be_v ever_o too_o obsequious_a to_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o usurper_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o instance_n you_o have_v give_v i_o in_o henry_n the_o ivth_o henry_n the_o vith_o and_o richard_n the_o iiid_n the_o consequence_n will_v then_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a nation_n will_v not_o be_v only_o bind_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o will_v be_v also_o oblige_v by_o this_o act_n to_o descend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o usurpation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o it_o will_v also_o indemnify_v they_o for_o so_o do_v which_o will_v be_v to_o establish_v iniquity_n by_o a_o law_n and_o will_v destroy_v all_o the_o settle_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n which_o i_o affirm_v god_n himself_o be_v not_o able_a to_o alter_v without_o depart_v from_o those_o great_a attribute_n of_o immutability_n and_o justice_n so_o essential_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n f._n it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o reply_v to_o these_o argument_n since_o they_o be_v ground_v on_o such_o false_a principle_n as_o be_v already_o answer_v as_o first_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o it_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o that_o consequent_o none_o but_o he_o who_o have_v a_o right_a by_o inheritance_n can_v require_v our_o allegiance_n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o where_o you_o can_v find_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n know_v in_o england_n till_o between_o four_o and_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o succeed_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o three_o without_o any_o bequest_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o testament_n and_o before_o any_o election_n or_o coronation_n since_o he_o be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n but_o suppose_v it_o now_o to_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n 57_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o monarchy_n shall_v continue_v always_o in_o such_o a_o family_n for_o that_o may_v sail_v or_o may_v be_v change_v by_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n as_o have_v often_o be_v and_o the_o constitution_n continue_v so_o that_o the_o most_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o when_o any_o particular_a family_n by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n and_o the_o consent_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o right_a the_o crown_n ought_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o family_n but_o suppose_v it_o do_v not_o must_v we_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o no_o other_o person_n though_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n pray_v sir_n show_v i_o that_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o its_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n do_v not_o prove_v it_o and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o we_o must_v pay_v our_o allegiance_n to_o he_o who_o be_v actual_o king_n not_o to_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v king_n but_o be_v not_o and_o to_o think_v to_o confute_v this_o by_o pretend_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v to_o take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o fright_v at_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n which_o you_o suppose_v must_v follow_v if_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o shall_v be_v law_n viz._n that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o rebel_n and_o usurper_n who_o can_v get_v himself_o crown_v and_o then_o own_a to_o be_v king_n by_o a_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o calling_n to_o have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n and_o that_o cromwell_n if_o he_o can_v have_v get_v himself_o once_o crown_v and_o recognise_v may_v have_v be_v defend_v in_o his_o unjust_a usurpation_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o admit_v this_o to_o have_v be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o at_o this_o coronation_n he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n ancient_o take_v by_o our_o king_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v summon_v to_o recognize_v his_o title_n have_v consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a lord_n and_o commons_o consist_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n which_o never_o be_v observe_v in_o any_o of_o those_o mock-parliament_n which_o cromwell_n call_v have_v all_o these_o condition_n be_v observe_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v be_v as_o legal_a a_o king_n within_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o as_o he_o himself_o ever_o be_v before_o he_o marry_v with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v not_o till_o near_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o he_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o upon_o every_o translation_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o one_o family_n to_o another_o the_o first_o prince_n of_o that_o family_n can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o yet_o we_o find_v such_o prince_n to_o this_o day_n take_v for_o lawful_a king_n thus_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o be_v each_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n according_a to_o our_o constitution_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o lineal_a descent_n and_o though_o you_o may_v say_v that_o as_o to_o william_n i._o he_o have_v a_o good_a right_n by_o conquest_n that_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o he_o can_v be_v real_o no_o conqueror_n and_o if_o the_o english_a saxon_a monarchy_n be_v hereditary_a before_o the_o conquest_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n suppose_v he_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o usurper_n upon_o edgar_n athling_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o blood_n and_o as_o for_o henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o henry_n the_o viith_o though_o they_o both_o pretend_v a_o feign_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o heir_n by_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a act_n of_o recognition_n i_o have_v cite_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o that_o title_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n mention_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o subsequent_a act_n whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v upon_o himself_o and_o his_o four_o son_n successive_o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v only_o draw_v in_o general_a term_n declare_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o person_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o indeed_o any_o breach_n make_v upon_o this_o statute_n as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o yet_o upon_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n which_o you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o since_o the_o crown_n be_v certain_o settle_v upon_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o only_o lineal_o descend_v from_o they_o but_o who_o be_v also_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o right_a heir_n unto_o they_o since_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n have_v declare_v they_o to_o be_v so_o but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o speech_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n must_v needs_o be_v void_a because_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n this_o also_o depend_v upon_o your_o former_a error_n in_o suppose_v that_o prince_n have_v a_o divine_a or_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o crown_n antecedent_n to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n which_o be_v already_o sufficient_o confute_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o alter_v the_o natural_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_v just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o civil_a right_n of_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o subject_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v for_o according_a to_o those_o natural_a law_n since_o all_o civil_a property_n as_o well_o in_o crown_n as_o other_o possession_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o each_o kingdom_n and_o
addition_n of_o new_a argument_n i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o think_v i_o tedious_a if_o i_o be_o also_o necessitate_v to_o repeat_v the_o same_o thing_n again_o and_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o hayh_v already_o prove_v which_o when_o i_o have_v do_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o argument_n of_o you_o will_v signify_v very_o little_a your_o first_o mistake_n therefore_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o be_v a_o usurper_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o hereditary_a succession_n settle_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o whereby_o he_o be_v declare_v lawful_a king_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o must_v put_v you_o in_o mind_n that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o this_o point_n be_v so_o settle_v before_o and_o that_o not_o till_o after_o a_o long_a war_n and_o that_o by_o subdue_a all_o those_o that_o hold_v with_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n he_o have_v make_v such_o a_o perfect_a conquest_n of_o all_o that_o oppose_v he_o that_o there_o be_v no_o lord_n or_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n but_o what_o be_v entire_o of_o his_o party_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o when_o henry_n the_o vith_o get_v the_o upper_a hand_n again_o and_o his_o party_n reverse_v this_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o and_o declare_v the_o crown_n to_o belong_v to_o henry_n the_o vith_o and_o his_o heir_n which_o act_n be_v to_o reverse_v again_o by_o the_o next_o parliament_n in_o the_o eleven_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o when_o he_o again_o recover_v the_o crown_n by_o another_o battle_n against_o henry_n the_o vith_o so_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o whoever_o be_v once_o seat_v in_o the_o throne_n and_o be_v recognize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o of_o his_o own_o summon_n all_o his_o act_n till_o they_o be_v repeal_v do_v hold_v good_a though_o he_o be_v declare_v a_o usurper_n and_o himself_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o admit_v that_o henry_n the_o viith_o be_v a_o usurper_n at_o the_o time_n when_o this_o act_n we_o now_o discourse_v of_o be_v make_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o render_v this_o act_n void_a as_o you_o suppose_v since_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o repeal_v by_o any_o subsequent_a statute_n but_o indeed_o henry_n the_o viith_o be_v no_o usurper_n at_o the_o time_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o he_o have_v a_o good_a title_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n which_o he_o never_o renounce_v or_o disavow_v and_o therefore_o we_o may_v very_o well_o suppose_v that_o she_o though_o queen_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la give_v her_o tacit_n consent_n to_o this_o act_n in_o the_o person_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o stand_v good_a not_o only_o against_o herself_o and_o her_o own_o child_n ãâã_d also_o against_o all_o other_o who_o shall_v claim_v under_o her_o title_n but_o if_o you_o say_v she_o can_v not_o do_v this_o in_o prejudice_n of_o she_o own_o right_a heir_n because_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v already_o declare_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v hereditary_a and_o not_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o usurpation_n this_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n and_o to_o suppose_v a_o hereditary_a descent_n to_o have_v be_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o that_o time_n whereas_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o crown_n be_v partly_o hereditary_a and_o partly_o elective_a and_o ever_o since_o that_o time_n though_o it_o have_v be_v still_o claim_v as_o hereditary_a yet_o have_v it_o be_v always_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o parliament_n to_o declare_v who_o be_v lawful_a king_n and_o that_o whosoever_o be_v so_o declare_v and_o recognise_v have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o only_a rightful_a and_o legal_a king_n to_o who_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v due_a and_o who_o statute_n be_v obligatory_a at_o this_o day_n this_o be_v so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v your_o argument_n from_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n to_o king_n james_n the_o first_o may_v be_v easy_o answer_v though_o i_o shall_v grant_v at_o present_a for_o discourse_n sake_n that_o their_o now_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v only_a king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la for_o if_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o these_o three_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o of_o richard_n the_o three_o nay_o even_o those_o statute_n by_o which_o themselves_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v lawful_a king_n and_o the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o they_o and_o their_o issue_n have_v at_o all_o time_n hold_v good_a till_o they_o be_v lawful_o repeal_v i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o the_o late_a act_n of_o recognition_n of_o their_o present_a majesty_n title_n and_o for_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o their_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a force_n and_o effect_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o allegiance_n to_o they_o as_o it_o have_v be_v to_o all_o other_o king_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la who_o have_v hitherto_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v derogate_v from_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o statute_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o nor_o do_v it_o make_v any_o difference_n though_o we_o suppose_v that_o this_o act_n be_v make_v by_o a_o king_n by_o descent_n and_o that_o we_o now_o discourse_v of_o only_a by_o a_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o a_o parliament_n call_v or_o own_a by_o they_o since_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o difference_n as_o to_o their_o legislative_a power_n between_o act_n make_v by_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o one_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o those_o conclusion_n you_o draw_v from_o this_o statute_n be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v no_o inter-regnum_a or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o second_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n be_v that_o which_o give_v the_o life_n be_v and_o vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o as_o for_o your_o first_o conclusion_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o ordinary_o and_o according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o succession_n there_o can_v be_v none_o and_o yet_o extraordinary_o there_o may_v as_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v since_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n there_o may_v have_v happen_v a_o contest_v between_o king_n james_n and_o the_o than_o earl_n of_o hartford_n as_o heir_n to_o mary_n the_o french_a queen_n second_o sister_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o upon_o who_o heir_n the_o crown_n be_v settle_v by_o henry_n the_o viiith_n will_n as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v and_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o this_o will_n have_v be_v right_o make_v or_o not_o can_v have_v be_v no_o otherwise_o decide_v but_o by_o war_n or_o else_o the_o solemn_a judgement_n and_o recognition_n of_o parliament_n of_o that_o title_n they_o have_v judge_v to_o be_v best_a and_o he_o who_o have_v be_v so_o declare_v will_v certain_o have_v be_v lawful_a king_n and_o all_o the_o nation_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v alleglance_n to_o he_o apply_v this_o to_o the_o present_a case_n admitting_z king_n james_n to_o have_v true_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n and_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o exact_o the_o same_o suppose_v for_o once_o your_o prince_n of_o walts_n to_o have_v be_v indeed_o the_o son_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o queen_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v not_o yet_o declare_v a_o impostor_n yet_o be_v he_o neither_o acknowledge_v as_o their_o right_a heir_n for_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v already_o give_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o conclusion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lawful_a king_n that_o give_v force_n and_o vigour_n to_o a_o law_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o the_o late_a act_n of_o recognition_n and_o settlement_n be_v void_a because_o not_o make_v by_o those_o who_o be_v lawful_a king_n and_o queen_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v this_o act_n this_o be_v also_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o act_n of_o recognition_n to_o king_n james_n declare_v this_o act_n can_v not_o be_v complete_a without_o his_o majesty_n royal_a assent_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o there_o say_v that_o no_o other_o king_n but_o he_o who_o claim_v by_o descent_n as_o king_n james_n do_v can_v pass_v a_o act_n that_o shall_v be_v good_a
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
latin_a translation_n of_o the_o old_a coronation-oath_n d._n 8._o p._n 560._o to_o 563._o w_n wales_n w._n it_o be_v titular_a prince_n be_v real_o son_n to_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o queen_n marry_o d._n 11._o p._n 784_o to_o 789._o w._n he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v receive_v as_o the_o true_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n d._n 12._o p._n 875._o to_o 877._o and_o that_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o they_o will_v ib._n p._n 879._o to_o 881._o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n w._n whole_o derive_v from_o the_o norman_n d._n 10._o p._n 750.751_o its_o advantage_n and_o inconvenience_n consider_v ib._n a_o wife_n w._n she_o can_v ever_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o power_n her_o husband_n have_v over_o she_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n by_o any_o mean_n but_o by_o his_o express_a consent_n d._n 1._o p._n 43._o king_n william_n the_o first_o why_o style_v the_o conqueror_n d._n 5._o p._n 325._o w._n he_o claim_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n by_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n or_o by_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.718_o 719._o w._n he_o be_v ever_o elect_v and_o take_v the_o same_o coronation-oath_n as_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n have_v do_v before_o d._n 10._o p._n 716.722_o to_o 737._o w._n he_o may_v just_o have_v seize_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o his_o own_o use_n d._n 2._o p._n 171._o w._n he_o give_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n to_o his_o follower_n ibid._n p._n 721_o to_o 729._o and_o to_o 747._o w._n he_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 5._o p._n 320._o to_o 322._o w._n he_o alter_v all_o the_o old_a law_n of_o england_n or_o confirm_v those_o of_o king_n edward_n d._n 10._o p._n 737._o to_o 760._o his_o second_o oath_n upon_o the_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n ib._n 761_o 762._o his_o law_n concern_v all_o freeman_n exemption_n from_o tax_n upon_o their_o find_a arm_n d._n 6._o p._n 426_o 427._o w._n he_o and_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n d_o 10._o p._n 744_o 755._o king_n william_n the_o three_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n by_o conquest_n over_o king_n james_n or_o else_o from_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n and_o the_o act_n of_o the_o convention_n d._n 12._o p._n 883._o to_o 899._o his_o religion_n and_o principle_n vindicate_v ib._n 886_o 887._o wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o the_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o true_a signification_n of_o that_o term_n d._n 6._o p._n 373._o to_o 378._o wittena_n à _fw-fr gemot_n or_o great_a council_n among_o the_o english_a saxon_n w._n they_o consist_v of_o more_o than_o the_o high_a nobility_n ib._n p._n 381._o wife_n how_o far_o oblige_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o command_v of_o their_o husband_n d._n 1._o p._n 40._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o the_o commmon_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o w_o it_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o kind_n d._n 7._o p._n 519._o to_o 521._o w._n any_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o bishop_n or_o lord_n to_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v find_v before_o that_o time_n ib._n p._n 516._o write_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v two_o mark_n scutage_n upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n hold_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 445_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o command_v all_o man_n hold_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n to_o be_v knight_v d._n 6._o p._n 432._o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o d._n 8._o p._n 574._o write_v of_o summons_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n cite_v by_o dr._n b._n in_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n it_o be_v to_o a_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 530._o to_o 536._o write_v of_o the_o 22d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o w._n a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 533_o 534._o write_v of_o the_o 30_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o command_v the_o levy_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o each_o knight_n fee_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v ever_o since_o the_o eighteen_o ibid._n p._n 479._o w._n the_o commons_o grant_v that_o tax_n ibid._n writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o 45th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o w._n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n ib._n 537._o writ_n for_o expense_n to_o knight_n of_o shire_n how_o ancient_a d._n 8._o p._n 589._o to_o 591._o y_fw-fr duke_n of_o york_n richard_n his_o title_n declare_v in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 863._o edward_n duke_n of_o york_n recognize_v by_o parliament_n to_o be_v lawful_a king_n from_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n richard_n duke_z of_o york_n ib._n p._n 865._o duke_n of_o york_n james_n w._n he_o be_v not_o entire_o in_o the_o french_a interest_n and_o design_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n d._n 11._o p._n 802._o a_o appendix_n contain_v some_o authority_n sit_v to_o be_v add_v for_o far_a confirmation_n of_o some_o thing_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n dialogue_n to_o be_v add_v to_o dialogue_n the_o four_o p._n 290._o at_o the_o end_n of_o f_o s_o speech_n after_o these_o word_n no_o particular_a church_n can_v read_v thus_o and_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o most_o eminent_a divine_n of_o our_o church_n have_v use_v the_o same_o freedom_n with_o several_a other_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o these_o homily_n may_v appear_v from_o dr._n hammonds_n dr._n heylin_n and_o dr._n tailor_n with_o several_a other_o eminent_a writer_n express_o deny_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n or_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v antichrist_n though_o both_o these_o doctrine_n be_v as_o plain_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o homily_n as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o yet_o none_o of_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o tax_v by_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o quit_v her_o ancient_a orthodox_n doctrine_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o give_v i_o a_o good_a reason_n if_o you_o can_v why_o it_o be_v more_o lawful_a and_o excusable_a to_o part_v with_o the_o former_a of_o these_o doctrine_n than_o the_o latter_a the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v also_o for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o predestination_n which_o though_o express_o assert_v in_o the_o 36_o article_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n as_o interpret_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o writer_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n as_o also_o the_o bishop_n and_o divine_n send_v as_o delegate_n from_o our_o church_n to_o the_o synod_n of_o dort_n who_o join_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o that_o article_n in_o the_o strict_a calvinistical_a sense_n you_o find_v in_o all_o the_o determination_n of_o that_o synod_n against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o arminian_n which_o then_o begin_v to_o prevail_v yet_o since_o the_o time_n that_o archbishop_n laud_n have_v the_o nominate_n of_o what_o person_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v make_v bishop_n dean_n etc._n etc._n not_o one_o in_o ten_o of_o they_o but_o have_v be_v arminian_n in_o all_o those_o point_n wherein_o they_o whole_o differ_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o calvin_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o our_o 36_o article_n so_o interpret_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o divine_n of_o our_o present_a church_n who_o hold_v these_o opinion_n be_v brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o its_o ancient_a doctrine_n but_o if_o any_o well_o mean_v divine_a out_o of_o love_n to_o his_o country_n and_o to_o prevent_v popery_n and_o slavery_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o we_o have_v but_o preach_v or_o publish_a any_o thing_n in_o derogation_n to_o these_o darling_n doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n he_o be_v straight_o brand_v with_o apostasy_n from_o the_o church_n in_o quit_v its_o main_a distinguish_a character_n and_o we_o have_v late_o see_v degrade_n nay_o the_o most_o cruel_a whip_n and_o imprisonment_n think_v too_o little_a for_o such_o a_o man_n but_o one_o may_v say_v of_o some_o man_n with_o truth_n enough_o that_o veniam_fw-la coruis_fw-la vexat_fw-la censura_fw-la columbis_fw-la so_o dialogue_n the_o six_o p._n 397._o at_o the_o bottom_n after_o these_o word_n in_o those_o time_n read_v this_o but_o that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v ancient_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o stile_n of_o grantz_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o magnate_n in_o latin_a pray_v consult_v the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o edward_n the_o three_o where_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o that_o king_n this_o passage_n &_o est_fw-la assentu_fw-la &_o accord_v per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr &_o seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o tous_fw-fr les_fw-fr grantz_n
col._n 2683._o vid._n graston_n chronicle_n p._n 627._o vide_fw-la parliam_fw-la roll._n 410_o of_o ed_n 3._o de_fw-fr reg._n de_fw-fr mort._n mar._n art_n the_o second_o vid._n rot._n parl._n 11_o rich._n 2._o pars_fw-la secunda_fw-la s._n c._n r._n p._n 190._o &_o deinde_fw-la s.c.r._n p._n 59_o s._n c._n r._n p._n 192_o 193._o i._o r._n s._n p._n 15._o i.r.s._n p._n 15_o 16._o s.c.r._n p._n 196._o &_o deinde_fw-la ibidem_fw-la 197._o &_o deinde_fw-la bract._n l._n c._n 8._o fleta_n l._n 1._o c._n 17._o chap._n 1._o sect._n 10._o chap._n 8._o vid._n a_o answer_n to_o dr._n king_n state_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o ireland_n p._n 32_o 35_o 36._o ps._n 68.30_o vid._n dr._n patrick_n paraphrase_n and_o annotation_n on_o this_o text._n cap._n i._o f._n 107._o vid._n pryn_n 1_o sy_n part_n of_o the_o vindication_n of_o the_o right_n of_o english_a freeman_n cap._n 18.9.3_o cap._n 6._o vid._n ruâhwaths_n hist._n col._n pt_n 1._o p._n 597._o 598._o 625._o n._n 36._o lord_n bacon_n letter_n p._n 43._o ibid._n p._n 41._o vi._n grot_n de_fw-fr j._n b._n l._n 1._o cap._n 4._o §._o 7.8_o pufendorf_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nat_n l._n 7._o cap._n 8._o §._o 6.7_o cap._n 8._o lib._n 11._o cap._n 5._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 7._o h._n i._o p._n 244_o 245._o cap._n 9_o l._n 7._o c_o 7._o §_o 7.10_o lib._n 7._o cap._n 8._o lib._n 1._o c._n 8._o lib._n 9_o c._n 9_o 12_o car._n 2._o c._n 30._o vid._n cook_n 7_o the_o rep._n mirror_n p._n 8._o spel._n council_n leges_fw-la gâil_n cap._n 6._o hoveden_n annal_n part_v 2._o p._n 608._o cap._n 24._o lib._n i._o cap._n iv._o §_o 13._o lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 17._o it._n i._o p._n 211._o ibid._n lib._n 1._o c._n 8._o l._n vii_o cap._n 8._o §._o 6._o per_fw-la inspex_fw-la 1._o e._n iu_o part._n 7._o m._n 26_o vi_fw-la selden_n review_n p._n 483._o carta_n 4._o ed._n iu._n m._n 27._o per_fw-la inspexi_fw-la vi._n seldeni_n ad_fw-la eadmer_n notae_fw-la etc._n etc._n fol._n 211._o p._n 240_o 241_o p._n 272._o vi._n hoveden_n pars_fw-la prima_fw-la p._n 449._o will._n malm_n lib_fw-la 2._o vi._n grot._n l._n ii_o cap._n 4._o pufendorf_n l._n vii_o cap._n 6._o §_o 16._o cap._n 7._o §_o 3_o 4._o p._n 68_o edit_fw-la oxon._n p._n 93._o lib._n two_o cap._n 6._o lib._n iii_o pa._n 503._o p._n 288._o b._n a._n a._n p_o 206._o b._n a._n p._n p._n 33._o b._n a._n p._n p._n 35._o vi._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la diffidare_fw-la p._n 388._o ibid._n p._n 398._o p._n 84._o vi._n leges_fw-la gulielâi_fw-la a._n a._n vi._n 92_o 93._o p._n 8._o &_o deinde_fw-la ad_fw-la p._n 92._o b._n a._n a._n b.a.p._n p._n 50._o p._n 208._o lib._n iu._n p._n 505_o 506._o title_n dreuges_n p._n 184._o b._n a._n p._n p._n 25_o 26._o fol._n 118._o coll._n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sharborr_n glossary_a title_n drench_v hist._n p._n 71.72.95_o edit_fw-la oxon._n i._o a._n a._n p._n 103._o hist._n nou._n fol._n 6._o n._n 10.20_o 30._o b.a.p._n p._n 32._o glia_o ãâã_d lib._n 7._o cap._n 2._o vi._n coke_n proem_n vi._n spelman_n glos._n tit._n fribargus_fw-la vi._n iu._n inst._n cap._n 55_o 56_o 57_o vide_fw-la spel._n glossary_a tit._n hundredus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la vide_fw-la hist._n ead._n lib._n p._n 8_o 9_o b.a._n p._n p._n 38_o 39_o glos._n glos._n p._n 29_o 30._o cap._n 1._o b._n i._o a._n p._n 36._o it_o be_v hundredus_fw-la cap._n 38._o i._o a._n a._n p._n 95_o 201._o cap._n 52._o i._o a._n a._n p._n p._n 197._o lamb_n leges_fw-la ethelredâ_n cap._n i._n tit._n barones_n comitatus_fw-la b._n a._n i._o p._n 34._o p._n 197._o page_n 42._o b._n i._o a._n p._n ibid._n p._n 71._o cap_n 69._o cap._n 35._o p._n 192._o p._n 3._o p._n 193._o p._n 117._o glossary_a tit._n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la vid._n a_o ancient_n msc._n in_o the_o bodlian_a library_n cite_v by_o sir_n will._n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n page_n 79._o vid._n mr._n whitlock_n speech_n in_o parliament_n 1650._o print_a in_o his_o memorial_n p._n 461._o vid._n coke_n preface_n p._n 70_o 71._o edit_fw-la oxon._n p._n 93._o b._n a._n p._n p._n 36._o pag._n 7._o lib._n 3._o p._n 271._o l._n l._n guil._n 55._o with_fw-mi ingulph_n history_n vi._n hoveden_n p._n 17._o id._n lib._n iu._n fol._n 505_o and_o 506._o b._n a._n a._n p._n 299._o vi._n mat._n paris_n in_o vita_fw-la frederici_fw-la abbatu_n b._n a._n a._n p._n 289._o i._o a._n a._n p._n 100_o 101._o f._n 636._o p._n 67_o 68_o i_o a._n a._n 105._o 1._o jacobi_fw-la cap._n 2._o fol._n 1157._o p._n 28._o p._n 70._o vide_fw-la cook_n upââ_n litt._n p._n 251._o vid._n grot._n annot_n in_o mat._n cap._n p._n 125._o vid._n ll._n will._n 1._o vi._n pufendorf_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 7._o cap._n ãâ¦ã_z siderfin_n report_n temp._n car._n 2._o fol._n 377_o 378._o the_o king_n against_o buckworth_n tuckee_n gill_n etc._n etc._n h.d._n p._n 92._o i._o d._n d._n h._n d._n p._n 90._o h._n d._n p._n 92.94_o h.d._n p._n 110._o ibid._n p._n 111._o vi._n sand._n de_fw-fr oblige_v conscien_fw-fr pralect_n v._o §._o 11._o pralect_n vii_o §._o 4._o d.d._n p._n 147._o d._n d._n 149._o p._n 6_o 7._o chap._n 2._o fol._n 11_o 12._o chap._n 8._o vi_o the_o year_n book_n 2._o h._n 7._o t._n m._n p._n 502._o pag._n 18._o chap._n 31._o rep._n 7._o p._n 14._o i.e.c._n p._n 33._o l._n 6._o c._n 14._o disp._n 1_o 2._o c._n 2._o de_fw-fr aequit_fw-la ind._n c._n 2._o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nat._n &_o gentium_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 6._o o._n e._n i._o p._n 66._o &_o dein_fw-ge vi._n mat._n par._n p._n 810_o 811._o ibid._n p._n 817_o 818._o p._n 854._o p._n 875._o hen._n knighton_n p._n 2502._o in_o dec._n scrip._n chap._n 3._o i._o e._n c._n p._n 43._o vi._n 2_o h._n vii_o ter._n m._n case_n 20._o fol._n 66._o vaughan_n rep._n f._n 358._o f._n 333._o f._n 334._o f._n 29._o p._n 341_o 342._o i.e.c._n p._n 41._o i.e.c._n p._n 42._o mr._n justice_n powil_n chap._n 2._o chap._n 11._o chap._n 12._o l._n §._o 13._o b.h.s._n p._n 368._o s._n d._n p._n 7._o f._n 236._o s._n d._n p._n 7._o anno_fw-la 1100._o ibid._n b._n â_o s._n p._n 369._o p._n 231._o col._n 983._o an._n d._n 1087._o l.u._n p._n 156._o col._n 2374._o anno_fw-la 1104._o l._n 1._o p._n 178._o m._n par._n f._n 86._o m._n west_n 246._o p._n 386._o vid._n hen._n hunt_n p._n 395._o richard_n de_fw-fr hagulstad_n col._n 314._o joh._n de_fw-fr hag._n p._n 282._o p._n 373._o col._n 647._o hou._n p._n 106._o hou._n f._n 449._o matt._n paris_n f._n 197._o ibid._n col._n 1338._o n._n 30._o fol._n 236._o vi._n charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la feodi_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la fol._n 277._o s._n d._n p._n 13._o col._n 2426._o mat._n paris_n f._n 574._o mat._n paris_n f._n 288._o mat._n westm._n f._n 276._o p._n 145._o col._n p._n 793._o f._n 49._o b._n h._n s._n p._n 381._o rot._n cl._n 1._o e._n 3._o p._n 1_o m._n 28._o part_v of_o it_o be_v also_o in_o walsingham_n f._n 126._o m._n 50._o b._n h._n s._n p._n vi._n rot._n parl._n 10._o hen._n 4.20_o vi._n rot._n parl._n 39_o hen._n 6._o m._n 18._o h._n knighton_n col._n 2681._o vi._n 7._o hen._n iu._n cap._n 2._o b._n h._n s._n p._n 386._o vi._n grafton_n chronicle_n vi._n record_v 39_o h._n 6._o n._n 11_o 12_o 13._o vi._n grafton_n chron._n par._n roll_n 1._o ed._n 4._o n._n 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o b.h.s._n p._n 388._o ibid._n id._n p._n 389._o vi._n grafton_n chronicle_n rol._n par._n 1._o h._n 7._o n._n 16._o restitutio_fw-la henrici_fw-la sexti_fw-la vi._n grafton_n chronicle_n vid._n collection_n of_o record_n 1_o richard_n iii_o vid._n lord_n bacon_n life_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o seven_o fol._n 7._o rot._n parl._n 1_o hen._n vii_o vid._n buck_n be_v history_n of_o richard_n the_o iii_o d._n b._n h._n s._n p._n 391._o b._n h._n s._n p._n 393._o 1_o mar._n 2_o chap._n 1_o eliz._n c._n 1._o b._n h._n s._n 394._o chap._n 22._o vi._n lethington_n letter_n to_o sir_n will._n cecil_n appendix_n to_o the_o 2_o d_o vol._n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o reformation_n fol._n 269._o vi._n mariana_n history_n of_o hispan_n vid._n fortescue_n de_fw-fr laud._n leg._n angl._n in_o proem_n in_o vita_fw-la pyrri_fw-la e.l.r._n p._n 27._o chap._n 1._o vide_fw-la rot._n parl._n 1_o o_o henry_n iu._n rot._n par._n n._n 64._o 21._o ric._n ii_o b._n h._n s._n p._n 40._o p._n 7._o d._n a._n p._n 15._o ib._n p._n 14._o vid._n lambardi_n l._n l._n edwards_n &_o l._n l._n will._n i._o c._n 52._o stat._n 51_o ibid._n calvin_n be_v case_n cowel_n inst._n l._n 2._o tit_n 3._o §_o 14._o d._n a._n p._n 24._o ib._n a._n 11._o h._n 7._o p._n 2.3_o vid._n lord_n bac._n henry_n viith_o ibid._n p._n 4._o p._n 1.2_o c._n a._n p._n 56._o e._n l._n r._n vid._n 1_o hen._n vii_o cap._n 6._o rot._n parl._n edw._n iu._n 39_o hen._n vi_o n._n 18._o c._n a._n p._n 58_o 59_o 1_o sess._n chap._n 12._o e.l.r._n p._n 8_o 9_o ibid._n p._n 19_o 20._o rot._n claus_n 49._o h._n vi_o m._n 6._o rot._n claus._n 11_o ed._n iu_o m._n 1_o mem._n 1._o vid._n the_o act_n print_v at_o large_a in_o buck_n history_n of_o richard_n the_o iiid_n a._n 11._o h._n 7._o p._n 5.6_o ibid._n p._n 6._o a._n 11._o h._n 7._o p._n 56._o c._n a._n p._n 57_o e._n l._n r._n p._n 25_o 26._o e._n l._n r._n p._n 18._o e._n o._n p._n 57_o e._n o._n p._n 49._o ibid._n p._n 49._o ibid._n p._n 55._o d._n a._n p._n 15._o 13._o eliz._n p._n 303._o b._n l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o vi_o spelmans_n gloss._n f._n 23._o h._n vid._n dr._n burnet_n '_o s_z hist._n of_o the_o reformation_n 2d_o part._n vide_fw-la 2d_o vol._n of_o homil._n one_a 2d_o and_o 3d_o part_n of_o the_o sermon_n against_o idolatry_n especial_o the_o last_o p._n 156.162_o 163._o n._n 6._o p._n 115._o n._n 8._o n._n 10._o n._n 5._o n._n 9_o 12._o car._n 2._o c._n 3._o 12._o car._n 2._o c._n 17._o 13._o car._n 2._o c._n 17._o etc._n etc._n 148._o p._n 123._o
stand_v but_o every_o general_a rule_n may_v have_v some_o exception_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n seven_o about_o which_o time_n that_o usual_a clause_n at_o the_o special_a instance_n or_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o begin_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o be_v laiâ_n aside_o and_o that_o of_o their_o advice_n or_o assent_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o place_n thereof_o for_o which_o i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o statute-book_n at_o large_a which_o form_n i_o confess_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n yet_o even_o in_o hen._n 7th_n time_n in_o the_o first_o of_o that_o king_n and_o the_o seven_o chap._n it_o run_v in_o this_o style_n the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o his_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o say_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o ordain_v and_o though_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 8_o do_v general_o agree_v in_o their_o style_n with_o those_o of_o his_o father_n yet_o in_o his_o time_n also_o many_o act_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o form_n of_o petition_n as_o 3_o hen._n 8_o c._n 14._o pray_fw-mi your_o highness_n the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o 5_o hen._n 8._o c._n 4._o pray_fw-mi the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o son_n âd_a 6_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o most_o of_o his_o act_n do_v run_v in_o the_o usual_a form_n yet_o this_o one_o be_v very_o remarkable_a i_o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n etc._n etc._n at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o which_o last_o word_n 722._o though_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o may_v make_v man_n think_v that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v then_o pretend_v some_o title_n unto_o the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n yet_o neither_o advise_v nor_o assent_v be_v so_o opperative_a in_o the_o present_a case_n as_o to_o transfer_v the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n to_o such_o as_o do_v advise_v about_o they_o or_o assent_v unto_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o form_n and_o style_n use_v in_o ancient_a time_n import_v a_o alteration_n of_o the_o form_n of_o government_n unless_o it_o can_v be_v show_v as_o i_o think_v it_o can_v that_o any_o of_o our_o king_n do_v renounce_v that_o power_n which_o proper_o and_o sole_o do_v belong_v unto_o they_o or_o do_v by_o any_o solemn_a act_n of_o communication_n confer_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o convene_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n 41._o since_o in_o almost_o all_o our_o most_o ancient_a statute_n it_o be_v precise_o express_a that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o general_a word_n use_v in_o latter_a time_n that_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n be_v particular_o explain_v in_o former_a statute_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n ordain_v the_o lord_n advise_v the_o commons_o consent_v as_o by_o compare_v the_o writ_n with_o the_o statute_n that_o expound_v the_o writ_n will_v evident_o appear_v f._n in_o answer_n to_o those_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o other_o of_o as_o great_a weight_n that_o prove_v the_o direct_a contrary_n to_o what_o you_o now_o assert_v to_o begin_v with_o your_o instance_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o shall_v show_v that_o those_o charter_n that_o be_v grant_v and_o confirm_v by_o henry_n 3d._n be_v not_o his_o act_n or_o grant_v alone_o but_o the_o grant_v also_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n represent_v in_o parliament_n we_o have_v two_o express_a declaration_n for_o the_o one_o 38._o in_o the_o 25_o of_o king_n edw._n ãâã_d where_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o forest_n in_o these_o word_n which_o i_o shall_v render_v to_o you_o in_o english_a out_o of_o the_o old_a french_a for_o your_o better_a understanding_n know_v you_o that_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o holy_a church_n and_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o our_o whole_a realm_n we_o have_v grant_v for_o we_o and_o to_o our_o heir_n that_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o franchise_n and_o forest_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n our_o father_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o all_o point_n without_o any_o blemishment_n so_o likewise_o we_o find_v another_o confirmation_n of_o those_o charter_n in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n dorso_n of_o the_o 15_o of_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v in_o old_a french_a i_o shall_v render_v it_o into_o english_a imprimiâ_fw-la it_o be_v accord_v and_o assent_v that_o the_o franchise_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o forest_n and_o the_o other_o statute_n make_v by_o our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o peer_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n for_o the_o common_a profit_n of_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v firm_o keep_v and_o maintain_v in_o all_o point_n so_o that_o you_o may_v hence_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o the_o whole_a parliament_n declare_v and_o that_o in_o two_o several_a king_n reign_n that_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v not_o only_o the_o free_a grant_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o also_o the_o joint_n act_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o why_o king_n john_n charter_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v by_o the_o like_a authority_n be_v one_o of_o his_o progenitor_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o that_o charter_n be_v first_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n in_o the_o form_n in_o which_o we_o find_v it_o and_o be_v pass_v by_o that_o king_n under_o his_o great_a seal_n in_o that_o vast_a general_n council_n or_o assembly_n at_o running-mead_n and_o certain_o whoever_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o law_n and_o can_v offer_v it_o to_o a_o prince_n to_o confirm_v and_o without_o which_o consent_n of_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v good_a must_v necessary_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o make_n of_o it_o as_o for_o your_o other_o instance_n of_o those_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o heâ_n 3d._n though_o i_o grant_v they_o begin_v as_o you_o say_v in_o the_o king_n name_n yet_o if_o you_o will_v but_o have_v read_v a_o little_a further_o you_o will_v have_v find_v that_o in_o divers_a of_o they_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n give_v their_o consent_n to_o they_o and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a statute_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o 3._o viz._n that_o of_o merton_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o it_o be_v recite_v provisum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la merton_n where_o after_o the_o party_n that_o be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o law_n it_o conclude_v thus_o in_o the_o latin_a copy_n ita_fw-la provisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la tam_fw-la a_o praedictis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o provide_v and_o enact_v part_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n who_o be_v here_o mention_v almost_o last_o of_o all_o and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v then_o no_o set_v form_n of_o pen_v of_o statute_n in_o that_o honest_a and_o plain_a age_n when_o parliament_n do_v not_o last_v so_o many_o day_n as_o they_o do_v now_o week_n and_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o council_n draw_v up_o the_o act_n after_o the_o parliament_n be_v up_o in_o what_o form_n they_o please_v sometime_o leave_v out_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o bishop_n sometime_o of_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o most_o common_o of_o the_o commons_o yet_o that_o they_o do_v all_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o such_o act_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o one_a which_o you_o have_v already_o cite_v where_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n count_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n be_v express_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o 51._o of_o king_n h._n 3d._n concern_v measure_n begin_v thus_o per_fw-la
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o ââly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o ââought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o âees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o ãâã_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v ââeder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataây_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tââants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâârsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la ââmines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeââ_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v âf_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beââed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o ãâã_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o âind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n âit_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o âeeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ_n liberâ_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarââ_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v ââtend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aââe_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o ãâã_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluââh_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ_n wânagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o ãâã_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeââ_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n ãâã_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o ãâã_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâs_n ãâ¦ã_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la ãâã_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la ãâã_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ_n ãâã_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâdom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitââent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâlden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o ãâã_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtââ_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr ãâã_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopââ_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n ãâã_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n ãâã_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la âââthampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la ãâã_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la ãâã_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitââ_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la âecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la âino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendân_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o