tres plus compleverat annis Nam tribus octensis Regia Sceptra tulit Quindecies Domini centenus fluxerat annus Currebat nonus cum venit atra Dies Septima termensis lux tunc fulgebat Aprilis Cum Clausit summam tanta Corona Diem Nulla Dedere prius tantum tibi saecula Regem Anglia vix similem posteriora Dabunt This Church is famous for the Monuments and Tombs of our Kings Queens Nobility and other eminent Men as Sebert the first Christian King of the Eastâ— Saxons Harold the Bastard Son of Canutus the Dane King of England King Edward the Confessor and his Queen Edith Maud Wife to King Henry the First the Daughter of Malcolm King of Scots Henry the 3. and his Son King Edward the 1. with Eleanor his Wife daughter to Ferdinando the first King of Castile and Leon. King Edward the 3. and Philippa of Henault his Wife King Henry the 5. with Katherine his Wife Daughter to King Charles the 6. of France Anne Wife to King Richard 3. Daughter to Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick King Henry the 7. with his Wife Elizabeth Daughter to King Edward the 4. and his Mother Margaret Countess of Richmond King Edward the sixth that most Religious and truly Vertuous Prince who lyeth under the Brass richly Gilded Altar most curiously wrought with Excellent Workmanship Anne of Cleave the 4 th Wife of King Henry the Eight Queen Mary and the Renowned Queen Elizabeth upon the Remove of whose Body from Richmond where She Dyed to White-Hall by Water these Lines were Written which may for their Elegancy and in Remembrance of that most Illustrious Protestant Queen be inserted The Queen was brought by Water to White-Hall At every stroake the Oars their tears let fall More clung about the Barge Fish under water Wept out their Eyes of Pearl swam blindly after I think the Barge-men might with easier Thighs Have row'd her thither in her Peoples Eyes For howsoe'er thus much my thoughts have scann'd Sh 'ad come by Water had she come by Land Prince Henry eldest Son of King James the First Monarch of Great Britain King James Himself and Queen Ann his Wife and the first Male born of King Charles the First dying an Infant Of Dukes and Earls and Lords Degree Edmund Earl of Lancaster second Son of King Henry the Third and his Lady Aveline de fortibus Countess of Albemarle William and Andomar of Valente of the Family of Lusignian Earls of Pembrooke Alphonsus John and other Children of King Edward the first John of Eltham Earl of Cornwall Son to King Edward the Second Thomas of Woodstock Duke of Glocester the youngest Son of Edward the Third with other of his Children Eleanor Daughter and Heir of Humphry Bâ—hun Earl of Hereford and of Essex Wife to Thomas of Woodstock The young Daughter of Edward the Fourth And King Henry the Seventh Henry a Child of two months old Son of King Henry the Eighth Sâ—phia the Daughter of King James who died as it were in the first Day-dawning of her Age. Philippa Mohun Dutchess of York Robert of Henault in right of his Wife Lord Bourchier Ann the young Daughter and Heir of John Mowbraâ— Duke of Norfolk promised in Marriage unto Richard Duke of York younger Son to King Edward the Fourth Sir Giles Dawbny Lord Chamberlain to King Henry the Seventh and his Wife of the House of the Arundels in Cornwall John Viscount Wells Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk Mary her Daughter Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenex Grandmother to James King of Great Britain with Charles her Son Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester Ann Stanhope Dutchess of Somerset and Jane her Daughter Ann Cecil Countess of Oxford Daughter to the Lord Burleigh Lord High-Treasurer of England with Mildred Burghley her Mother Elizabeth Berkly Countess of Ormond Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex James Butler Viscount Thurles Son and Heir to the Earl of Ormond Besides these Humphry Lord Bourchier of Cornwall Sir Humphry Bourchier Son and Heir to the Lord Bourchier of Berners both slain at Barnetfield Sir Nicholas Carew Baron Powis Thomas Lord Wentworth Thomas Lord Wharton John Lord Russel Sir Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellor of England Douglas Howard Daughter and Heir General of Henry Viscount Howard of Bindon Wife to Sir Arthur Gorges Elizabeth Daughter and Heir of Edward Earl of Rutland Wife to William Cecil Sir John Puckering Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal of England Frances Howard Countess of Hartford Henry and George Cary the Father and Son Barons of Hunsdon both Lords Chamberlains to Queen Elizabeth The Heart of Ann Sophia the Daughter of Christopher Harley Count Beaumont Ambassador for the King of France in England bestowed within a small Gilt Urn over a Pyramid Sir Charles Blunt Earl of Devonshire Lord-Lieutenant-General of Ireland Geoffrey Chaucer the Prince of English Poets in his time Edmund Spencer an eminent Poet. William Cambden Clarencieux King of Arms. Causabon the Famous French Writer Michael Drayton c. Then there is George Villiers Duke Marquiss and Earl of Buckingham Favourite to King James and King Charles the First Also the Earl of Essex and several others Interr'd there during His present Majesties Absence from His Government There is also Interr'd George Duke of Albemarle Father to his Grace the present Duke whose Funerals were Solemnly performed the Thirtieth of April 1670. The Dutchess of Albemarle was also Interr'd in King Henry the Sevenths Chappel the twenty eighth of February 1669. in Westminster Church There is likewise Interr'd that Celebrated Poet Mr. Abraham Cowley under a Monument of Exquisite Curiosity at the Charges of his Grace the Noble Duke of Buckingham Having done with Westminster-Abby we shall give a Brief account of the other Churches Alphabetically as they were before the Fire And of such as are Re-built which are now far more Durable and Stately than before the Reader may expect an Account hereafter I. St. Albans Church in Woodstreet is of great Antiquity being Dedicated to St. Albans the first Martyr of England Another mark of Antiquity was to be seen in the manner of the turning the Arches in the Windows and heads of the Pillars There were also Roman Bricks found inlay'd here and there among the Stones of the Building it was Anno 1632. being wonderfully decay'd pull'd down in order to be Re-built In it were diverse Monuments which for brevity sake are omitted II. On the North side of the East end of Tower-street is the Parish-Church called All-hallows Barkin a very fair Church standing in a large Church-Yard on the North side whereof was built a fair Chappel by King Richard the first whose heart 't is said was buryed there under the high Altar This Chappel was Augmented by King Edward the first And a fraternity setled there by King Edward the fourth King Richard the third new Built it and founded therein a Colledge of Priests which was suppressed in the Year 1548. in the Second of Edward the sixth and the Ground made
built in the year 1430. 8 H. 6. Sir William Eastfield Mayor William Russe and Ralph Holland Esqs Sheriffs and the Commonalty granted of the Common Ground of the City Three Foot and an half in Breadth on the North part and Four Foot in Breadth toward the East for the enlarging thereof This Ancient Church belonging to the Black-friers before the dissolution of such places by H. 8. was one of the most spacious and fair Churches in London but afterwards demolished Anno 1613. The Inhabitants of Black-friers purchased so much Houses on the South-side of their Church as was 36 Foot in Length and 54 in Breadth the Purchase whereof together with the Vault for Burying and other Rooms under that part of the Church c. cost 1546 l. 6 s. Anno 1632. The Inhabitants of the said Black-friers purchased the Rooms directly under an upper Room formerly converted to a Church to repair the Walls and Foundations whereon the Church stood at the cost together with the Repairs of 500 l. The Sum of all bestowed upon Black-friers Church since the Reformation amounted to 2600 l. 4 s. till the year 1633. It was burnt down Anno 1666. in the great Fire and not yet Re-built XVI St. Anthonieâ— Church vulgarly called St. Antlins or St. Antholins in Budge-Row in Cord-wainer-street Ward was a fair Parish-Church Sir Thomas Knowles late Lord Mayor of London lieth Buried there who Repaired and was a great Benefactor to it It was Repaired and Beautified Anno 1616. towards which Sir William Craven Mr. Henry Jay Aldermen Mr. Adrian Moore Mr. Thomas Boothby Mr. Francis Dorrington Mr. William Parker Mr. Cleophas Smith Citizen and Draper of London were free and bountiful Benefactors the cost amounted to near 1000 l. XVII The Parish-Church of Augustine vulgarly Austin in Watling-street in Faringdon-Ward-within was a fair Church and well Repaired And was in the years 1630 and 1631 in part Re-built and Beautifully adorned at the charge of the Parishioners which cost 1200 l. XVIII The Parish-Church of St. Bartholomew Exchange at the end of Bartholomew-lane was new Built by Thomas Pike Alderman with the assistance of Nicholas Yoo one of the Sheriffs of London about the year 1438. Sir John Lepington's Lady founded a Chauntry there in the 21 of Edw. 4. Sir William Capel Mayor added a proper Chapel Anno 1509. on the South-side James Wilford Taylor one of the Sheriffs 1499. appointed by his Testament a Doctor of Divinity every Good-Friday to preach a Sermon there of Christ's Passion for ever from six a clock till 8 before Noon This Church was Repaired and Beautified at the charge of the Parishioners Anno 1620. XIX The Parish-Church of St. Bennet which of Robert Fink senior who new Built it is called St. Bennet Finck stands in Thread-needle-street in Broad-street-Ward which was a proper Church It was Repaired and Beautifully adorn'd at the Parish-charge Anno 1633. at the cost of above 400 l. XX. In the Street formerly called Grass-street but vulgarly Graces or Gracious-street is the Parish-Church called St. Bennet Grass-Church of the Herb-Market kept near it but vulgarly Grace-Church in Bridge-Ward-within This Church was Repaired and Beautified Anno 1630. with a new Clock-Dyal and Chimes added Anno 1633. XXI St. Bennet Pauls-Wharf in Thames-street in Castle-Baynard-Ward was a proper Parish-Church with several Monuments in it XXII The Parish-Church of St. Syth hath an addition of Bennet-Shorne or Shrog or Shorehog and is vulgarly called St. Bennet Sherehog The ancientest name of these is Shorne of one Benedict Shorne sometime a Citizen and Stock-fishmonger of London who New Built Repaired it or was a Benefactor thereof in the time of Edward II. so that Shorne is corruptly called Shrog and more corruptly Shorebog Being very much decayed it was at the Parish-charge very amply Repaired and Beautified Anno 1628. It is near Needles-lane in Cheap-Ward XXIII The Parish-Church of St. Botolph in Thames-street in Billingsgate-Ward was a handsom Church and had many fair Monuments in it but now defaced This Church was Repaired and Beautifully adorn'd at the Parish-charge Anno 1624. XXIV Christ-Church was founded by King Henry VIII who gave the old Parish-Church of St. Nicholas to the Mayor and Commonalty of London towards the maintenance of this New Church to be erected in the late dissolved Church of the Grey-fryers called St. Ewin which Parish-Church with the aforesaid Parish-Church of St. Nicholas and so much of St. Sepulchres Parish as is within Newgate were then made one Parish-Church by the name of Christ-Church Of the Hospital there we shall speak under its proper head There was a fair and spacious Gallery erected in the North Isle of this Church Anno 1628. which cost the Parishioners 149 l. 10 s. which was not only necessary but graceful and beautiful It is in Faringdon-Ward-within XXV In Broad-street-Ward near the Stocks-Market is the Parish-Church of St. Christopher To which Richard Sherington Anno 1392. gave Lands so did the Lady Margaret Norford Anno 1406. John Clavering 1421 c. But above all the charity of Robert Thorne Merchant-Taylor and a Batchelor is to be perpetuated who lay Interred there in a fair Tomb of Touch and gave by his Will 4445 l. to pious Uses This Church was Repaired and Beautified at the cost of the Parish Anno 1621. XXVI St. Clements East-Cheap in Candlewick-street-Ward is a small Parish-Church William Chartney and William Overie founded a Chauntry there It was Repaired and Beautified at the cost of the Parishioners Anno 1632. XXVII At the South-west corner of Lime-street in Langborn-Ward stood the fair Parish-Church of St. Dionis called Back-Church new Built in the Reign of Henry VI. to which John Bugge Esq was a great Benefactor John Darby Alderman added thereto a fair Isle or Chapel on the South-side and was there Buried Anno 1466. He gave besides sundry Ornaments his Dwelling-house besides other Houses unto the said Church The middle Isle of this Church was new laid in the year of our Lord 1629. The Steeple was repaired a new Turret built new Frames were made for the Bells and the Church very decently beautified Anno 1632. XXVIII The Parish-Church of St. Dunstans East is so called for difference from another Church in the West of that Name It was a fair and large Church of an ancient Building and within a large Church-yard There be many rich Merchants and other rich Tradesmen in that Parish chiefly Salters and Ironmongers In this are divers Monuments of worthy persons There are also Seven shillings three pence given to the Poor every Sunday throughout the year in ready money besides Bread and other Gifts according to the Wills and Dispositions of Sir Richard Champion and Alderman Heardson with Coals given besides at certain times One man hath given yearly on Ox to be distributed by a quarter thereof quarterly and a Peck of Oat-meal therewithall to the Poor But so ordered that they that have the quarter of Beef and Peck of Oatmeal at one
and beautified Anno 1609. In the South Isle there hung a very fair Picture of King James with the Figures of Peace and Plenty on either side of him Peace with her Olive Branch and Plenty with her Sheaf of Wheat in her hands being the Gift of Robert Plonker then Church-Warden LXII The Parish-Church of St. Mary Sommerset at the South-end of St. Mary Mounthaw-lane over against Broken-Wharf is also in Queen-Hith-Ward and a proper Church it was repaired and beautified Anno 1624. LXIII The Parish-Church of St. Mary called Stayning because it standeth at the North-end of Stayning-lane in Aldersgate-Ward was repaired and beautified at the cost of the Parish Anno 1630. LXIV Near Stocks-Market in Walbrook-Ward is the Parish-Church called St. Mary Wooll-Church so called of a Beam placed in the Church-yard which was thereof called Wooll-Church Haw of the weighing of Wooll there used for amongst the Customs of London written in French in the Reign of Edward II. there is to be found a Chapter intituled Les Customes de Wooll-Church Haw Wherein is set down what was there to be paid for every parcel of Wooll weighed This weighing of Wooll was there continued till the 6th of Richard II. till John Churchman built the Custome-House upon Wooll-Key to serve for the said purpose This was and is now a fair and large Church LXV The Parish-Church of St. Mary Wolnoth in Langborn-Ward was a proper handsom Church with some few Monuments in it LXVI In Ironmonger-lane in Cheap-Ward is the Parish-Church of St. Martin formerly called Pomary possibly of Apples growing where now Houses are built It was repaired and beautified at the Parish-charge Anno 1629. LXVII The Parish-Church of St. Martin by Ludgate in Farringdon-Ward-within was a proper Church to which Anno 1437. viz. 15th of H. 6. Sir John Michael Lord Mayor and the Commonalty granted a parcel of Ground containing 28 Foot in length and 24 in breadth to build their Steeple upon LXVIII The Parish-Church of St. Martin Orgar in Candlewick-street-ward is a small Church Sir William Crowmer Lord Mayor built a handsom Chapel on the South-side thereof and was buried there in an ancient Tomb Anno 1533. it was repaired 1630. at the cost of 122 l. 6 s. 6 d. There was a rich and very beautiful Monument in the Chancel of Sir Allen Cotton Knight and Alderman of London and sometimes Lord Mayor who dyed the 24th of December Anno 1628. with a large Inscription concluding with these Verses When he left Earth Rich Bounty Dy'd Mild Courtesie gave place to Pride Soft Mercy to bright Justice said Oh Sister we are both Betray'd While Innocence lay on the Ground By Truth and wept at eithers Wound The Sons of Levi did lament Their Lamps went out their Oyl was spent Heaven hath his Soul and only we Spin out our Lives in misery So Death thou missest of thy End And kill'st him not but kill'st his Friend There was also a delicate Monument of our famous Queen Elizabeth LXIX The Parish-Church of St. Martin Outwich is on the South-part of Threadneedle-street in Broad-street-ward it is so called of Martin de Oteswitch Nicholas de Oteswich William Oteswich and John Oteswich Founders thereof and all buried there as appeared by their ancient Monument There was Interred Richard Staper Elected Alderman of London Anno 1594. the greatest Merchant in his time and the chiefest Actor in the discovery of the Trades of Turkey and the East-India He was prosperous wealthy bountiful and a good man he died Anno 1608. Sir Henry Row gave 5 l. yearly for Ever to the Poor of this Parish to be bestowed in Bread and Coals And Mrs. Sotherton yearly for Ever in Bread 50 s. LXX The Fair Parish-Church called St. Martin Vintrey in Vintrey-Ward was sometimes called St. Martin de Beremand Church It was new built Anno 1399. by the Executors of Matthew Columbars a Stranger born and a French Merchant LXXI The Parish-Church of St. Matthew Friday-street Farringdon-ward-within had divers Monuments in it It was repaired and beautified at the cost of the Parish Anno 1633. AS TO LXXII The Parish-Church of St. Michael called St. Michael at Basing-hall in Basing-hall-ward LXXIII The Parish-Church of St. Michael Cornhil in Cornhil-ward LXXIV St Michaels Crooked-lane in Candleweek-street-ward LXXV St. Mich. Queenhith in Queenhith-ward The are handsom Churches affording no Remarkables but what will fall under other Heads LXXVI St. Michael ad Bladum or at the Corne corruptly called St. Michael Querne is in Farringdon-ward-within and was a fair Church with divers Monuments in it amongst the rest one for John Leland the famous Antiquary and others as John Banks Esq Mercer who by his last Will written with his own hand gave to pious and charitable Uses 6000 l. which his Executor Robert Tichburn carefully discharged LXXVII St. Michael Royal in Vintrey-ward is a fair Parish-Church It was new built and made a Colledge by Sir Richard Whittington Mercer and four times Lord Mayor for a Master four Fellows Masters of Art Clerks Conducts Chorists c. There was also an Alms-house for thirteen poor men The College was suppressed in the time of Edward the Sixth the Alms-houses with the poor men do remain and are paid by the Mercers This Church was beautified at the proper cost of the Parish Anno 1630. at the charge of 130 l. 9 s. LXXVIII The Parish-Church of St. Michael in Wood-street in Cripplegate-ward was a proper Church in which were divers Monuments Here was Interred the Head of James the Fourth King of Scots of that name slain at Flodden-field Here was also a Monument of Queen Elizabeth LXXIX The Parish-Church called St. Mildred Bread-street in Bread-street-ward had divers Monuments amongst the rest one for Sir John Chadworth or Shadworth Kt. some time Mercer and Lord Mayor of London who gave a Vestry to this Church an House for the Pastor to dwell in and a Church-yard to the Parishioners wherein to bury their dead He deceased the 7th of May An. 1401. In Memorial of whom there was a fair Inscription on the Wall in these words Here lies a Man that Faith and Works did even Like Fiery Chariots mount him up to Heaven He did adorn this Church When words were weak And men forget the living stones will speak He left us Land This little Earth him keeps These black words Mourners and the Marble weeps At the upper end of the Chancel was a fair Window full of cost and beauty which being divided into five parts carried in the first of them a very artful and curious Representation of the Spaniards great Armado and the Battel in 1588. In the 2d the Monument of Queen Elizabeth In the 3d of the Gun-powder Plot. In the 4th of the lamentable time of Infection 1625. In the 5th the view and lively portraicture of that worthy Gentleman Captain Nicholas Crisp at whose sole cost among other this beautiful piece of Work was erected as also the Figures of his virtuous Wife
Mr. Sutton to affect that House as the only Place whereon to build the Foundation of his Religious Purpose For among other his Christian Determinations he had formerly intended to build an House at Hallingbury-Bouchers in Essex to be an Hospital for such Poor Men and Children as he himself in his life time or future Governors for the same to be Deputed should think fit to be Lodged and Relived there Also for a School-Master and Vsher to Teach Children to Read and Write and instruct them in the Latin and Greek Grammar with a Learned Divine likewise to Preach the Word of God to them all And a Master beside to Govern all those People belonging to that House But finding this Goodly Mansion of the Charter-House to be much more convenient for the purpose he became an earnest Suitor to the Earl of Suffolk to purchase that House of him acquainting his Honour with the alteration of his mind concerning Hallingbury and his earnest Desire to make the Charter-House the Hospital The Earl being Honorably inclin'd to so Godly a motion the Price being concluded on the Bargain and Sale was assured The Sum disburs'd for this purpose amounted to 13000 l. which was Paid down in hand before the unsealing of the Conveyance Then he became Suitor again to his Majesty to perform all that at the Chartor-House which he had formerly intended at Hallingbury Whereto the King readily yielded being Graciously affected to so Charitable a Work and Granted His Letters Patents to the same effect This Gentleman lived always a Batchelor and by sundry Employments and Parsimony grew to great Wealth which he well Employed to his immortal honnour He endowed 〈◊〉 Hospital with above 3000 l. a Year in Land viz. All and singular the Mannors Lordships Messuages Lands Tonements Reversions Services Meadows Pastures Woods Advowsons Patronages of Churches and Hereditaments of the said Thomas Sutton whatsoever Situate lying and being within the County of Essex Lincoln Wilts Cambridg and Middlesex or in any of them with all and every of their Rights Members and Appurtenances whatsoever Except all his Mannors and Lordships of Littlebury and Haddestock with their Appurtenaâ—ces in the County of Essex In this Hospital he placed Fourscore Poor Men with convenient Lodging Dyet and Allowance of Money for Apparel also Forty Poor Children with the like Provision and a Grammar School with a Master and an Vsher to Teach them over all whom he ordained a Learned Man to be Master of the Houshold to be chosen by the Governors whom he appointed for the present by the Authority of the Kings Letters Patents to be George Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Lord Elsemore Lord Chancellor Robert Earl of Salisbury Lord Treasurer John Bishop of London Lancelot Bishop of Ely Sir Edward Cook Chief Justice of the Common Pleas Sir Thomas Foster a Judg of the Common-Pleas Sir Henry Hubbard the Kings Attorney-General Doctor Overal Dean of Pauls Doctor Mountain Dean of Westminster Henry Thursby Esq Master of the Chancery Richard Sutton Esq Auditor of the Impress Geoffery Nightingale Esquire John Low Gentleman Thomas Brown Gentleman and Master of the Houshold for the time being to be always one and as any of those Sixteen Governors should die the Survivors to make present Additions of others Towards the building of this Hospital Chappel and School-House he gave 5000 l. but he lived not to see it performed but what Death bereft him of he left to the performance of his Faithful Executors Mr. Richard Sutton and Mr. John Low Men of Religious and upright Souls who carefully accomplished the Work so that the Monday after Michâ—â—â—mas day being the 3 d of October Anno Dom. 1614. The Captains Gentlemen and Officers entered into their Famous prepared Hospital to the Glory of God Honour of the King's Majesty Credit of the Governors and Joy of Honest minds and the Eternal Fame of the Noble Founder who is laid in a goodly Tomb in the Chappel of his own Hospital With this Inscription Sacred to the Glory of God in Grateful Memory of Thomas Sutton Esquire Here lieth buried the Body of Thomas Sutton late of Castel Camps in the County of Cambridge Esq at whose only Costs and Charges this Hospital was Founded and Endued with large Possessions for the Relief of Poor Men and Children He was a Gentleman born at Knayth in the County of Lincoln of Worthy and Honest Parentage He lived to the Age of 79 Years and Deceased the 12th Day of December Anno Domini 1611. Though we Design to avoid all Prolixity yet 't is hoped it will be Pardoned if we Transcribe an Epitaph made upon this Worthy Man by a Friend to Piety and Goodness for he being a Rare Example challenges as his due Merit a more than ordinary mention When bad Men die the Memory Remains Of their Corruptions and ungodly ways As Merit to their mis-applyed pains Out of ill actions forming as ill praise For Vertue wounded by their deep disgrace Leaves Fame to their posterity and Race When Good Men die the Memory remains Of their true Vertue and most Christian ways As a due Guerdon to their Godly gains Out of good Actions forming as good praise For Vertue cherish'd by their Deeds of Grace Leaves Fame to their Posterity and Race Among these Good if Goodness may be said To be among the seed of Mortal Men In upright Ballance of true Merit weigh'd Needs must we reckon Famous SUTTON then In whom as in a Mirror doth appear That Faith with Works in him did shine most clear And let us not as is a common use Measure him by a many other more In Death to cover their bad lifes abuse To lanch out then some bounty of their store No SUTTON was none such his Hospital And much more else beside speaks him to all For as God blest him with abundant Wealth Like to a careful Steward he emplo'd it And order'd all things in his best of health As glad to leave it as when he enjoy'd it And being prepared every hour to die Disposed all his Gifts most Christianâ—y In Abrahams bosome sleeps he with the blest His Works they follow him his worth survives Good Angels guide him to eternal rest Where is no Date of time for Years or Lives You that are Rich do you as he hath done And so assure the Crown that he hath woâ—â— To conclude in a word this Famous Hospital with the value of the Lands laid into it the Purchase of the House Stock laid in which he hath given into the Treasury or Store of the said Hospital to begin with and to defend the Rights of the House being 1000 l. and Allowance towards the Building also the Remainder of his Goods unbequeathed his large Gifts and Legacies to divers Honorable and Worthy Friends besides great store of far more inferior account which would puzle me to number and the residue of 20000 l. left to the discretion of his Executors may truly and deservedly be said to be
next he distributes to 24 poor men named by the Parishioners of the Parish adjacent to the King's place of Residence to each of them four pence in money a Two-penny Loaf and a Gallon of Beer or in stead thereof three pence in money equally to be divided among them every morning at seven of the Clock at the Court-gate The Sub-Almoner is to scatter New-coined Two-pences in the Towns and Places where the King passes through in his Progresses to a certain Sum by the year Besides there are many poor Pensioners either because so old that they are unfit for service or the Widows of any of the King's Servants that dyed poor who have a Competency duly paid them Besides there are distributed among the Poor the large Offerings which the King gives in Collar days The magnificent and abundant plenty of the King's Tables hath caused amazement in Foreigners In the Reign of King Charles I. there were daily in his Court 86 Tables well furnished each Meal whereof the King's Tables had 28 Dishes the Queens 24 4 other Tables 16 Dishes each 3 other 10 Dishes 12 other 7 Dishes 17 other 5 Dishes 3 other 4 32 had 3 and 13 had each two in all about 500 Dishes each Meal with Bread Beer Wine and all other things necessary There was spent yearly in the King's House of gross meat 1500 Oxen 7000 Sheep 1200 Veals 300 Porkers 400 Sturks or young Beefs 6800 Lambs 300 Flitches of Bacon and 26 Boars Also 140 dozen of Geese 250 dozen of Capons 470 dozen of Hens 750 dozen of Pullets 1470 dozen of Chickens for Bread 36400 Bushels of Wheat and for Drink 600 Tun of Wine and 1700 Tun of Beer Moreover of Butter 46640 together with the Fish and Fowl Venison Fruit Spice proportionably This prodigious plenty in the King's Court caused Foreigners to put a higher value upon the King and was much for the Honor of the Kingdom The King's Servants being Men of Quality by His Majesties special Order went to Westminster-Hall in Term-time to invite Gentlemen to eat of the King 's Acates or Viands and in Parliament-time to invite the Parliament-men thereto On the Thursday before Easter called Maunday Thursday the King or his Lord Almoner was wont to wash the Feet of as many poor Men as His Majesty had Reigned years and then to wipe them with a Towel according to the Pattern of our Saviour and then to give every one of them two Yards and a half of Woollen Cloth to make a Suit of Cloaths also Linnen Cloth for two Shirts and a pair of Stockings and a pair of Shoes three Dishes of Fish in Wooden Platters one of Salt Salmon a second of Green Fish or Cod a third of Pickle-Herrings Red Herrings and Red Sprats a Gallon of Beer a Quart Pottle of Wine and four six-penny Loaves of Bread also a Red Leather-purse with as many single Pence as the King is years old and in such another Purse as many shillings as the King hath reigned years The Queen doth the like to divers poor Women The Form of Government is by the wisdom of many Ages so contrived and regulated that it is almost impossible to mend it The Account which is of so many Natures and is therefore very difficult must pass through many hands and is therefore very exact is so wisely contrived and methodized that without the Combination of every one of these following Officers viz. the Cofferer a Clerk of the Green Cloth a Clerk Comptroller a Clerk of the Kitchin of the Spicery or Avery or a particular Clerk together with the conjunction of a Purveyor and Waiter in the Office it is impossible to defraud the King of a Loaf of Bread of a Pint of Wine a Quart of Beer or Joint of Meat or Money or any thing else Having given this brief Abstract if any would be more curious to read it more at large or about the Courts of the Queen and Royal Family they are referred to the Present State of England II. West from Charing-Cross there stood sometimes an Hospital of St. James founded by the Citizens of London before the time of any Mans memory for 14 Sisters Maidens that were Leprous This Hospital was surrendred to King Henry VIII in the 23 of his Reign The Sisters being compounded with were allowed Pensions for term of their Lives and the King built there a goodly Mannor now the Duke of York's Palace annexing thereunto the beautiful Park called St. James's inclosed with a Wall of Brick serving indâ—â—â—erently for that Palace and the Court or Palace of Whitehall which in a word for extraordinary Commodiousness Conveniency and Situation being seated between a Noble Navigable River and a most Deiectable and Spacious Park full of great and rare Varieties as hath been hinted for the Great Chamber there called the Banquetting-House the like whereof for Spaciousness Beauty Peinture and exact Proportion no King in Europe can parallel deserves the View and Notice of all Strangers III. Although it might seem more proper to treat of Westminster-Hall under the Head or Chapter of Publick Halls or Courts yet being a Place so Eminent above any other in this Renowned City and formerly a Royal Palace we shall leave our Remarks upon it with the Reader in this place and give a brief Account 1 of its Foundation and Antiquity 2 of the Courts held there especially the High Court of Parliament which we hope will be acceptable 1. Many Eminent Authors do affirm That this Great Hall was built by William Rufus about the year of our Lord 1097. amongst whom Roger of Windover and Matthew Paris write that King William being returned out of Normandy into England kept his Feast of Whitsontide very Royally at Westminster in the New-Hall which he had lately built This Hall for all Dimensions is not to be equalled by any Hall in Christendom It is say some 270 Foot in length and 74 broad It is reported that the King should say to one that thought the Hall too big That it was not big enough by one half and was but a Bed-chamber in comparison of what he meant to make This Palace was Repaired Anno 1163. by Thomas Becket Chancellor of England with exceeding great celerity and speed being before ready to have fallen down It hath been the principal Seat and Palace of all the Kings of England since the Conquest where they kept Coronation and other Solemn Feasts till the time of King Henry VIII In this Palace by a marvelous Inundation or Overflowing of the River of Thames in the year 1236 which drowned many Cattle and Men Women and Children Men did Row with Wherries in the midst of the Hall The like or rather more dreadful Inundation hapned in the year 1242. the Thames overflowing the Banks about Lambeth In the year 1299 27 Edw. 1. this Palace was burnt by a vehement Fire kindled in the lesser Hall of the King's House by which the same with many other Houses adjoining together with
Foreigner an English Man can Attaint a Man of Treason when he is Dead and when he is no more a Man c. A Parliament is Summoned in manner following About fourty Days before the Parliament doth Assemble the King Issues out His Writ out of the Chancery cum advisamento Consilii sui with the advice of His Council and the Warrant is per ipsum Regem Consilium by the King Himself and His Council The King's Writ which is a short Letter or Epistle is directed and sent to every particular Person of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal commanding the Lords Spiritual in Fide Dilectione in Faith and Love and the Lords Temporal per fidem allegantiam by their Faith and Allegiance to appear at a certain time and place to Treat and give their Advice in some certain Important Affairs concerning the Church and State c. Other Writs are sent to the High Sheriff of each County to Summon the People to Elect two Knights for each County two Citizens for each City and one or two Burgesses for each Burrough according to Statute Charter or Custom In these Elections antiently all the People had their Votes and most Votes carried it but for avoiding of Tumults and Trouble it was Enacted by Henry the VI. that none should have any suffrage in the Election of Knights of the Shire but such as were Free-holders did Reside in the County and had of Yearly Revenue 40 s. which till the discovery of Gold and Silver in America was as much as 30 or 40 l. now The Persons Elected for each County are to be Milites Notabiles or at least Esqs or Gentlemen fit to be made Knights as it is in the Statutes of Henry the VI. they ought to be de discretionibus Militibus ad laborandum potentioribus of the discreetest Knights and most able to endure Labour of age viz. 21 Years at least and Experience without Rancor Malice Heat and Envy to be constant so as not to be swerved from Right by Fear Reward or Favour and in Judgment no respecters of Persons of a ripe and good Memory that remembring Perils past they may prevent Dangers to come They are to be Vigorous Active and Temperate and content to give their Attendance for Publick Good with which they are Intrusted Men of Noble Spirits and good Estates to prevent their being Mercenary or Bribed to betray their great Trust Men well verst in National and Political Affairs and of Capacious Understandings that so they might not be imposed upon ' by the Subtilty of such as would over-reach them They ought also to be well acquainted with the Laws of the Land and the Transactions of former Parliaments in order to the Repeal of Old Laws which though fit for the times they were made may not be so for the present times the Circumstances of things being varyed much from what they were by divers Revolutions and to Enact New Laws for general Good And indeed we have had of late Parliaments of this Character Men of such brave Spirits such Sagacity Prudence and Integrity to promote the General Welfare of that Great Body Politick whose Worthy Representatives they were as have exceeded their Predecessors and will hardly be out-done in succeeding times They ought to be Native English Men or at least such as have been Naturalized by Act of Parliament No Alien or Denizen none of the twelve Judges no Sheriff of a County no Ecclesiastical Person that hath curam animarum the cure or care of Souls may be chosen to Serve for any County City or Burrough This Grand and Illustrious Senate Consists of the three great Estates of the Kingdom the King 's most Excellent Majesty being the head viz. The Prelates and the Peers of the Realm and the Commons in which is such a Co-ordination of Power such a Wholsom mixture betwixt Prince and Commonalty during the time of Consultation that they make but one Body Politique their Results when they concur being as so many Harmonious Diapasons arising from the Touch of different Strings This Great Council is the great Bulwark of the English Liberty Property and Religion and the great Bank that keeps them from Slavery and the Inundations of Tyrannical Incroachments and unbounded Will-Government The People are lyable to no Laws but what they themselves make and are subject to no Contribution Tax Assessment or Pecuniary Leveys whatsoever but what they themselves Vote and Voluntarily yield to For there all Degrees of People be Represented the Yeoman Merchant Tradesman Mechanick c. have their inclusive Votes as well as the Gentry and Free-holders their Burgesses and Knights The House of Lords consists of Eleven Dukes whereof two are of the Royal Family viz. the Duke of York and Prince Rupert then the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal the Lord Treasurer and the Lord Privy Seal takes Place before all Dukes not of the Royal Blood There are two Marquesses the Lord High Chamberlain of England the Lord Steward of the King's Houshold and the Lord Chamberlain of the King's Houshould in respect of their Offices takes place of all Earls who at present are in Number viz. such as may Sit in the House of Lords 64. Then there are 7 Viscounts and 60 Barons according to the Printed List of the last Parliament that met at Oxford March 21. this present Year 1681. Then there are two Archbishops and twenty four Bishops so that the whole Number may be about 176 some of which Lords are under Age some Employed abroad by the King some Sick or Infirm so that the ordinary Number that Sits besides the Peers in the Tower and such as are Excluded by Act of Parliament for Recusancy c. may be about one hundred The House of Commons consists of two Knights for each of the 40 Shires in England being 80. One for each County in Wales being 12 Knights Two for each of the 25 Cities in England and four for London in all 52. Sixteen Barons for the Cinque-Ports Two Burgesses for each of the two Vniversities About 330 Burgesses for 168 Burroughs in England of which some few send but one Burgess a piece Lastly of twelve Burgesses viz. one for one Burrough in each County of Wales so that the Total according to the aforesaid List is 513. Of which many are absent somtimes by permission of the House upon business or because of Sickness c. The Number of the Parliament Men that each County sends are as followeth 1. Bedfordshire 4 2. Berkshire 9 3. Buckinghamshire 14 4. Cambridgeshire 6 5. Cheshire 4 6. Cornwall 44 7. Cumberland 6 8. Derbyshire 4 9. Devonshire 26 10. Dorsershire 20 11. Durham 4 12. Essex 8 13. Glocestershire 8 14. Herefordshire 8 15. Hartfordshire 6 16. Huntingtonshire 4 17. Kent 10 18. Lancashire 14 19. Leicestershire 4 20. Lincolnshire 12 21. Middlesex 8 22. Monmouthshire 3. 23. Norfolk 12 24. Northamptonshire 9 25. Northumberland 8 26. Nottinghamshire 8 27. Oxfordshire
the Dukes Marquesses and Earls according to their Creations Upon the first Form across the House below the Woolsacks sit the Viscounts and upon the next Forms the Barons all in Order The Lord Chancellor or Keeper if the King be present stands behind the Cloth of Estate otherwise sits on the first Woolsack thwart the Chair of State his Great Seal and Mace by him he is Lord Speaker of the Lords House Upon other Woolsacks sit the Judges the Privy Counsellors and Secretaris of State the King's Council at Law the Masters of Chancery who being not Barons have no suffrage by Voâ—ce in Parliament but only sit as was said to give Advice when required The Reason of their sitting upon Woolsacks is thought to be to put them in mind of the Great Importance of our Woollen Manufactories which is the Grand Staple Commodity of England and so not to be by any means neglected On the Lowermost Woolsack are placed the Clerk of the Crown and Clerk of the Parliament whereof the former is concern'd in all Writs of Parliament and Pardons in Parliament The other Recordeth all things done in Parliament and keepeth the Records of the same This Clerk hath also two Clerks under him who kneel behind the same Woolsack and write thereon Without the Bar of the Lords House sits the King 's first Gentleman Usher called the Black-Rod from a Black-staff he carries in his hand under whom is a Yeoman Usher that waits at the Door within a Cryer without and a Serjeant at Mace always attending the Lord Chancellor When the King is present with His Crown on his Head none of the Lords are covered The Judges stand till the King gives them leave to sit When the King is absent the Lords at their entrance do Reverence to the Chair of State as is or should be done by all that enter into the King's Presence Chamber The Judges then may sit but may not be covered till the Chancellor or Keeper signifies unto them the leave of the Lords The King's Council and Masters of Chancery sit also but may not be covered at all The Commons in their House sit Promiscuously only the Speaker hath a Chair placed in the middle and the Clerk of that House near him at the Table They never had any Robes as the Lords ever had but wear every one what he fancyeth most The time of Sitting in Parliament is on any day in the Morning or before Dinner When the day prefixt by the King in His Writs of Summons is come the KING usually in his Royal Robes with His Crown on His Head declares the cause of their being Assembled in a short Speech leaving the rest to the Lord Chancellor who then stands behind His MAJESTY the Commons in the mean time standing bare at the Bar of the Lords House who are Commanded to chuse then a Speaker which without the KING's Command they may not do whereupon they Return to their own House and choose one of their own Members whom they present on another Day to the KING and being approved of by His MAJESTY sitting in His Chair and all the Lords in their Scarlet Robes he makes a modest refusal which not allowed he Petitioneth His Majesty That the Commons may have during their Sitting 1. A free Access to His Majesty 2. A freedom of Speech in their own House 3. Freedom from Arrests Which the King Grants Before they enter upon Affairs all the Members of the House of Commons take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy in the presence of an Officer appointed by the KING And since the Papists have been found by the Wisdom of the KING and Parliament to be Plotting and Contriving to introduce the pretended Supremacy of their Pope and inslave the Nation to their Tyrannical Anti-spiritual Jurisdiction by Horrid Projections Plots Intrigues c. to prevent any such from Voting in either House it was thought meet though no Oaths can bind such who profess the Impious Doctrine of Equivocation that all are to declare their Opinion against the Doctrines of Transubstantiation Invocation and Adoration of Saints the Sacrifice of the Mass which Test the Lords also are Obliged to take in their House before they can Sit and Debate upon any Affair The Lords House hath a power not only in Making and Repealing Laws but also in tractando Consilium impendendo that is in Treating and Counselling c. as the words of the Writ are also in Judging of Controversies Judging in the Arraignment of any Peer of the Realm putting Men to their Oaths especially in matters of Importance as the Corruption of Judges and Magistrates in Illegal proceeding in other Courts in Appeals from Decrees in Chancery No Papist is to Sit or have Suffrage in the Lords House The Lords in case of necessary or unavoidable absence may make their Proxies to Vote in their place after License obtained under the KING's Signet The Commons as was said have a power in Making and Repealing Laws they have a Negative Voice as the KING and Lords have for nothing can pass into a Law without the joint concurrence of the King and both Houses Bills for Levying of Mony upon the Subject begin in the House of Commons because the greater part of the same arises from them The Commons have a power to Supplicate and propose Laws and as before to Impeach publick Delinquents of the Highest Quality that are Subjects for they are the Grand Inquest of the Nation and are to present Publick Grievances to be Redressed and Delinquents to be punished To this end the Lords sit in their Robes on the Bench covered they Swear and Examine Witnesses and at last pass Sentence the Members of the House of Commons stand bare at the Bar of the Lords House produce Witnesses manage Evidences c. Though every Member of the House of Commons is chosen to Serve for one particular County City or Borough yet he Serves for the whole Kingdom and his Voice is equal to any other his power is absolute to consent or dissent They are to make it their special care to promote the good of that County City or Borough for which they Serve so as that no particular benefit may interfere with or be prejudicial to the Good of the whole Kingdom The Lords are to bear their own Charges because they Represent only themselves The Commons usually had their Reasonable expences In the 17 of Ed. II. they had Ten Groats for Knights and Five Groats for Burgesses a day and not long after Four s. a day for Dubbed Knights and Two s. for all others which in those days as appears by the Prices of all things was a considerable Sum above Twenty times more than it is now So that some decayed Boroughs finding the expence heavy Petitioned that they might not be obliged to send Burgesses to Parliament and so were Vnburgessed c. It is the Practice of each House to debate all publick Affairs relating to the general or
When the King Prorogues or Dissolves the Parliament He commonly comes in Person to the House of Lords in his Robes with the Crown on his Head and sends by the Vsher of the Black-Rod for all the House of Commons to the Bar of that House and after the King's Answer to each Bill signified as aforesaid his Majesty usually makes a Solemn Speech the Lord Chancellor another and the Speaker of the House of Commons a Third Then the Lord Chancellor by the special Command of the King doth pronounce the Parliament Prorogued or Dissolved The King being Head of the Parliament if his Death doth happen during the Sitting of the Parliament it is ipso facto Dissolved IV. Sommerset-House in the Strand is the Queens Palace In the Year 1549. Edward Duke of Sommerset Uncle to Edward the 6 th and Lord Protector pulled down several adjoyning Buildings to make him a Mansion-House there the Stones of which Houses and some other more remote Buildings which he demollished were converted to this Spatious and Beautiful Palace of which we cannot add much more but that it was the Fatal place where the wicked Romish Assassinates prompted by Hell and their accursed Principles most barbarously Murdered that Noble Patriot and never to be forgotten Knight Sir EDMOND-BERRY GODFREY on Saturday the 12 th of October 1678. The Bloody Villains being enraged at the Discovery of their Execrable Plot in which this brave Gentleman was very active made him a Sacrifice to their Revenge so that he may be truly stiled the Martyr of the English Protestant Interest and deserves a Memorial in all Loyal Christian Hearts The Narrative is published at large to which we refer our Reader only we cannot omit his Majesties Royal act who so resented this Abominable Villany that he issued his Proclamation the 20 th of October promising 500 l. to the Discoverer and a Pardon if one of the Malefactors and another soon after promising on the word of a King not only the said Reward of 500 l but such care for the Security of the Discoverer as he could in Reason propose upon which Captain William Bedlow since Dead and Mr. Miles Praunce a Silver-smith in Princes-street which last confessed to have been in the Fact made the Discovery and upon their clear and undoubted Evidence three of the Wretches were Executed viz. Green Berry and Hill the rest fled from Justice but cannot escape Divine Vengeance Having spoken of these principal Palaces it may be expected that we should speak something of the Great and Famous Houses of the Nobility which are very many and Magnificent not yielding to any in Europe as Clarendon-House which for Situation stately Architecture spacious solid uniform Structure is admirable Berkley-House Wallingford-House Northumberland-House Salisbury and Worcester Houses Bedford Leicester Newport Mountague and Southampton Houses and indeed most Houses of the great Peers But the brevity of our Volume will not admit a large Description only in General we shall say something of them in the Section that Treats of the Fire Anno 1666. and the Rebuilding of the City SECT 5. Of Exchanges and Publick-Halls THe Royal Exchange in Cornhil-Ward was Erected in the Year 1566 just one hundred Years before it was Burnt in this manner Certain Houses upon Cornhil containing Eighty Housholds were purchased by the City of London for above 3532 l. which they sold for 478 l. to such as would take them down and carry them away Then the Ground or Plot was made plain at the Charges of the City and Possession thereof was given to Sir Thomas Gresham Knight a Noble Merchant and Agent to Queen Elizabeth by certain Aldermen in the name of the whole for to Build an Exchange thereon for Merchants to Assemble On the 7 th of June he laid the first Stone in the Foundation being accompanied with some Aldermen where every one of them laid a piece of Gold which the Work-men took up The Work was advanced with such Expedition that in November 1567 it was finished and afterwards in the presence and by the special Command of the Queen it was Proclaimed by a Herald and with sound of Trumpet named The ROYAL EXCHANGE It was Built most of Brick and yet was the most splendid Burse all things considered that was then in Europe The Burse for Merchants was kept before in Lumbard-street In the great and dismal Conflagration Anno 1666. the Royal Exchange was consumed But it is since Rebuilt in a far more stately and Magnificent manner of excellent Portland Stone almost as durable as Marble with such curious and admirable Architecture especially for a Front a Turret and for Arch-work that it surpasseth all other Burses in Europe The Form is Quadrangular with a large Paved Court where the Merchants Meet it is Quadratum Oblongum an Oblong square and on each side are stately Galleries or Portico's Checquered with a smooth and delicate Stone-Pavement the Arches supported with strong Stone Pillars where in case of Rain or extream Heat the greatest part may be sheltered The whole Fabrick cost above 50000 l. whereof one half was disbursed by the Chamber of London and the other by the Company of Mercers And to reimburse them there are to be let 190 Shops above-stairs at 20 l. per annum and 30 l. Fine besides the several Shops below on the several sides and the huge Vaulted Cellars under ground so that it must needs be the richest piece of Ground in the World For The Exact Dimensions of the Ground whereon this Goodly Fabrick is Erected is but 171 Foot from North to South and 203 Foot from East to West and little more than three quarters of an Acre of Ground yet producing above 4000 l. Yearly Rent The New Exchange on the Strand was called Durham-House Built by Thomas Hatfield Bishop of Durham who being made Bishop of that See Anno 1549. continued so 36 Years It was a very Capacious Edifice on the North side stood a row of Thatcht low Stables which the Right Honourable Robert Earl of Salisbury then Lord High Treasurer of England purchased and pulled down Erecting in the room thereof at his own Charge a very goodly and beautiful Building with Cellars underneath and a Walk fairly Paved above it with Rows of Shops and the like above stairs The first Stone was laid the 10 th of June 1608 and it was finished in November following The Shops above and under were curiously adorn'd and in April following the Earl Invited King James the Queen the Prince the Duke of York to come thither who came attended with many of the Nobility where after a Rich Banquet the King named it Britains Burse There are also two Exchanges more viz. The Middle Exchange and Exeter Exchange which last was lately built in both which Goods are sold as at the Royal Exchange Having done with Exchanges we shall proceed to the Publick Halls of Companies As for the Great Guild-Hall for Orders sake the Reader is referred to the Section
of the said Doctors in a most Capacious and Beautiful manner where they keep their Courts and pleadings every Term which begins and ends almost at the same time with the Term at Westminster The Chief Court is that of the Arches so called from the Arched Church of St. Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside where this Court was wont to be held but now in the Common-Hall at Doctors Commons the Judge whereof is called the Dean of the Arches having Jurisdiction over a Deanry consisting of thirteen Parishes within London exempt from the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of London Hither are directed all Appeals in Ecclesiastical matters within the Province of Canterbury to this belong divers Advocates all Doctors of the Civil Law two Registers and ten Proctors The Dean or Judge of the Arches sitteth alone without any Assessors and Heareth and Determineth all Causes without any Jury of Twelve Men. The manner is briefly thus Fist goes out a Citation then a Bill and Answer then by Proofs Witnesses and Presumptions the matter is Argued pro and con and the Canon and Civil Laws quoted and then the Definitive Sentence of the Judge passeth and upon that Execution But by Statute 25 Henry the VIII it was provided that it shall be Lawful for any Subject of England in Case of Defect of Justice in the Court of the Archbishop of Canterbury to Appeal to the King's Majesty in His Court of Chancery and that upon such an Appeal a Commission under the Great Seal shall be directed to certain Persons particularly Designed for that business so that from the Highest Court of the Archbishop there lyes an Appeal to this Court and beyond it to none other It is called the Court of Delegates and in Civil Affairs is the Highest Court in England Ecclesiastical Criminal Causes are Tried by way of Accusation Denunciation or Inquisition The first When some one takes upon him to prove the Crime The second When the Church-Wardens Present and are not bound to prove because it is presumed they do it without Malice and that the Crime is Notorious Thirdly By Inquisition when by reason of Common Fame inquiry is made by the Bishop ex Officio suo by calling some of the Neighborhood or the Party Accused to their Oaths But this Oath ex Officio was taken away by Parliament in the time of King Charles the First If the Party Accused after Admonition submits not he is Excommunicated from the Church and is disenabled to be a Plaintiff in a Law Suit c. Which is called Excommunicatio Minor Excommunicatio Major excludes from the Church and from Society in Temporal Affairs and that for Heresie Schism Perjury Incest or such grievous Crimes then a Man cannot be Plantiff or Witness in any Civil or Ecclesiastical Court. And if he continues Excommunicated 40 Days the King 's Writ de Excommunicato capiendo is granted out of the Chancery against him whereupon he is cast into Prison without Bail there to lye till he hath submitted to the Bishop and satisfied for what he is charged with by which many tender Consciences have suffered deeply There is an Anathematismus inflicted upon an obstinate Person that is Judged an Heretick wherein he is Curs'd and Rejected to Damnation There is also an Interdict Prohibiting all Divine Offices to a Place or People if against a People it follows them any where if against a Place the People may go elsewhere to hear Somtimes a Person Adjudged a Delinquent is punished another way which is called Publick Pennance and is to stand in the Church-Porch upon Sunday bare Headed and bare Footed in a White sheet and a White Rod in his Hand then he is to go into the Church and his Crime being publickly repeated and he professing Repentance is Absolved but in some Cases the Party may come off for Money to the Poor or some Pious Use which is not always converted that way Christian Burial is denyed to Persons Excommunicate or Perjured to such as are Hang'd for Felony or Kill themselves to Apostates Hereticks and Extortioners Somtimes the Clergy Men are suspened ab Officio viz. from the Exercise of their Functions somtimes there is a Deprivatio a Beneficio when deprived of their Livings somtimes they are Degraded that is Deprived of their Orders which is commonly for some Heinous Crime So much Briefly of these Censures and Punishments The Office of Actuary attending the Court of Arches is to set down the Judges Decrees Register the Acts of the Court and send them in Books of the Registry The Office of the Register is to Attend the Court by himself or Deputy and receive all Libels or Bills Allegations and Exhibits of Witnesses Files all Sentences and keeps the Records of the Court. The Beadle attends the Court carryeth a Mace before the Judge and calls the Persons Cited to appear The Judge and all the Advocates who are all Doctors of the Civil Law wear Scarlet Robes with Hoods lined with Taffata if they be of Oxford or White Miniver Furr if of Cambridge and the Proctors ought to wear Hoods lined with Lamb skin if not Graduates but if Graduates Hoods according to their Degree The Proctors are Persons that Exhibit their Proxies for their Clients and make themselves Parties for them and draw and give in Pleas or Libels and Allegations in the behalf of their Clients produce the Witnesses prepare the Causes for Sentence and and attend the Advocates with the proceedings All Arguments made by Advocates and all Petitions made by Proctors are to be in Latin All process of this Court runs in the Name of the Judge and returnable before him heretofore in Bow-Church but now in the Common-Hall at Doctors Commons The Places and Offices of this Court are in the Gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury These Ecclesiastical Laws consist of Canons made by General Councels the Opinion of Fathers the Decrees of several Bishops of Rome formerly admitted and our own Constitutions made antiently in several Provincial Synods which by 25 Henry VIII are in Force so far as they are not Repugnant to the Laws and Customs of England or the King's Prerogative Then the Canons made in the Convocations of latter times as Primo Jacobi and confirmed by him some Statutes Enacted by Parliament and divers old Customs not written but yet in use and where these fail the Civil Law takes place Amongst the Great Officers of the Crown which are Nine viz. the Lord High Steward of England the Lord High Chancellor the Lord High Treasurer the Lord President of the KING's Council the Lord Privy Seal the Lord Great Chamberlain the Lord High Constable the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Admiral of England The last only appertains to this place his Trust and Honour is so great that it has been usually given to the KING 's Younger Sons near Kinsmen or some of the Highest and Chiefest of all the Nobility He has the management of all Maritime Affairs as well in respect of Jurisdiction as
Right to the Conservation of the Thames and the Waters of Medway by way of Inquisition whereof there were two the one taken at Raynam in Essex the other at Gravesend in Kent before Sir William Cambridge Grocer then Lord Mayor of London 9 Henry V. where it was presented that whereas by the antient Ordinances of London the Meshes of Nets should be two Inches in the fore part and one Inch in the hinder part and it being found that the Offences according to the said Inquisitions are Contra libertates consuetudines Civitatis it was adjudged that the Nets should be burnt according to the antient Custom in that behalf provided VI. He goes on after to prove that this Right belongs to the City by Decrees In 8 Henry IV. the Mayor and Aldermen did exhibit their humble Petition to the King's Councel reciting that time out of mind they had the Conservation and Correction of the River of Thames of all Trincks Nets and other Engines whatsoever in the River of Thames and Medway placed and have used to make a Sub-Conservator under them and complaining that Alexander Bonner then Sub-Conservator having discharged his Duty in removing Kiddles he was ill intreated by the owners dwelling in Erith Bratriferry Barking Woolwich and other places in the Counties of Kent and Essex and upon hearing of the matter in Camera Stellata they were found Guilty and Constrained to submit themselves to the Lord Mayor and ordered to bring always their Nets unto him before they should use them and that the Kiddles then taken should be at the disposition of the Lord Mayor so the Offenders made their submission accordingly VII He proceeds This Right appertains to the City of London by Letters Patents which he proved by a Grant made by Edward IV. to the Earl of Pembroke for setting up a Wear in the River of Thames which Grant was Revoked and Cancelled at the Request of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen upon shewing their Right therefore alleaged it was contrary to their antient Liberties At which time the Cities Title to the Conservancy of the Thames and Medway was at large set forth and recited to have been shewn to the Lord Chancellor and to the said Earl and his Counsel which accordingly was also read VIII He reinforceth the Right of the City by Proclamations whereof one was made by H. VIII in the 34 of His Reign wherein it is affirmed that the Lord Mayor and his Predecessors have had by divers Grants of the Kings of England and by Acts of Parliaments enjoyed always the Conservacy of the Thames without Impediments or Interruption By which Proclamation it was Commanded that none should resist deny or impugne the Lord Mayor or his Deputy in doing or executing any thing that might conduce to the Conservacy of the River and of the Fish and Fry within the same IX He produceth Report for in a Controversie betwixt the Lord Admiral and the Lord Mayor for the Measuring of Coals and other things upon the Thames it then fell into Debate to whom the Conservacy of the Thames did belong which cause was referred by Queen ELIZABETH's Councel of State 1597 to the Attorney-General and Solicitor who joyntly Certified amongst other things that the Conservancy and care of the said River did and ought to belong to the City of London X. By quo Warranto it was proved that the Conservacy of the Thames belongs to the City for 3 Jac. a quo Warranto was brought against the City in the Exchequer to know by what Title She claimed the Conservacy of the River of Thames and the Waters of Medway whereupon the City made Her Title Good thereunto by antient prescription and otherwise so Judgment was given in Her Favour XI He goes on afterwards to confirm the Right of the City by Proof of Vsage in regard the Lord Mayor and Aldermen have time out of mind made Ordinances concerning the Good Government of the River of Thames as well for the Seasons and Manner of Fishing beneath London-bridge Eastward upon pain of certain Penalties as appears from time to time from the Reign of Henry III. and so downward The Lord Mayor hath removed Kiddles Wears Trinks and other unlawful Engines and reformed the disorders of such as have offended besides in the River of Thames and inflicted punishment upon Offenders accordingly The Right of the City appears also by the Writs and Preceps under the Teste of the Lord Mayor to the Sheriffs of Kent and Essex for the Returning of Juries before him to inquire of Offences done in the River The same Right of the City appears also by Commissions whereof divers have been directed to the Lord Mayor to put in Execution the Acts of Parliament made for Conservance of the Thames and Medway and to inquire of all Offences made or done in the said Waters and to punish the Deliaquents accordingly Lastly He makes good the Right and Title of the City by the Continual Claim She has made thereunto as appears in those various Contests She had with the Lord Admiral of England wherein after divers Debates and Disputes She still came off well and made Her Title good Which moved King Jamts in the third Year of His Reign to put a Final Determination to the Business by the Letters Patents he passed unto the City wherein he saith That ad omnem Controversiam in hac parte Temporibus tam presentibus quam futuris tollendam omne Dubium amo vendam that to cut off all Controversies as well of the present times as of Future and to remove all Doubts he did Confirm and Ratifie the said Right unto the City of London c. I. This Office of Conservator of so Noble a River is of great Extent for he is to preserve the Currency of the stream on the Banks on both sides II. To preserve the Fish and Fry within the same that no Fishermen use unlawful Nets or Engines or fish at Prohibited Seasons III. To hinder the erection of any Weares Kiddles or Engines and the knocking in of any Posts Piles or Stake which may in any sort hinder the Stream or Navigation and to pull them up if already done and punish the Offenders also to prevent all incroachments upon the Rivers and the Banks thereof likewise to inquire of all Bridges Flood-Gates Mill-dams and such like Annoyances and whether any do hurl in any Soyl Dust or Rubbish or other Filth whatsoever to choak her But for the strength and safety of the River against the Invasion of an Enemy by Block-Houses Forts Bastions or Castles and the securing of the Merchant and Navigation to and fro that Charge belongs to the Soveraign Prince The former Charge Care and Circumspection belongs properly to the City of London which is Seated in a fit place to be watchful over her for which Vigilance the Thames Rewards the City abundantly by bringing her in the Spices of the South the Jewels of the East and the Treasures of the
purchase of outward peace forced me to insert and perhaps it were more fit for a Divine and for another Treatise in this Section of the Ecclesiastical Government of this Renowned City There belong to this Cathedral besides those mentioned before A. Chaunter a Chancellor five Arch-Deacons viz. London Middlesex Essex Colchester and S. Albane a College of 12 Petty Canons 6 Vicars Choral and Choristers c. In the Bishop of London's Diocess there is contained the City of London all Middlesex and Essex and a part of Hartfordshire SECT 2. Of the Temporal Government of the City of LONDON THis great and populous City is governed with that admirable Order and Regularity that it is even astonishing For therein as in most other things she excells all the Cities in the World To handle this at large would make this small Tract swell beyond bounds we shall therefore give a brief abstract of it for Methods sake under these heads 1. Its Magistrates and Publick Officers 2. Its Charters and Priviledges 3. It s Particular or By-laws 4. Its Courts 5. Its Prisons 6. Its Watches 1. Of the Magistrates and Publick Officers of London This Renowned City in the time of the Romans was made a Praefectura and the chief Magistrate call'd a Prefect which continued about 300 years In the time of the Saxons the name was changed into a Portgreeve that is Custos or Guardian and sometimes Provost of London After the coming in of the Normans the chief Magistrate was called Bailivus from the French word Bailler tradere committere that is Commissarius or one that hath Commission to govern others and there were sometimes two Bayliffs in London till King Richard the First in the year 1189. changed the name of Bayliff into Mayor which hath so continued 482 years The first Lord Mayor was Henry Fitz-Alwin Draper who continued in the Mayoralty from the first of Richard the First untill the 15 th of King John which was above 24 years He was interred in the Parish Church of S. Mary Bothaw near to London-Stone where he dwelt not S. John Baptist as was by mistake affirm'd p. 39. which the Reader is desired to correct by this c. In this place before we come to treat more particularly of this great and honourable Magistrate it may not be amiss to give a List of all the Lord Mayors and Sheriffs from that time to this present year 1681. Richard the First began his Raign July the 6th 1189. A. D. A. R. Lord MAYORS SHERIFFS 1189 1 Henry Fitz-Alwin Henry Cornhil Richard Reynere 1190 2 The same John Herlion Roger Duâ—e 1191 3 The same William Haverel John Buckmote 1192 4 The same Nicholas Duke Peter Newly 1193 5 The same Râ—ger Duke Richard Fitz-Alwin 1194 6 The same William Fitz-Isabel William Fitz-Arnold 1195 7 The same Robert Besaunt Joke de Josne 1196 8 The same Gerard de Antiloche Robert Durant 1197 9 The same Roger Blunt Nicholas Ducket 1198 10 The same Const Fitz-Arnold Robert le Bean. 1199 11 The same Arnold Fitz-Arnold Ri. Fitz Bartholomew King John began his Reign the 6th of April 1199. A. D. A. R. Lord MAYORS SHERRIFFS 1199 1 Henry Fitz-Alwin Arnold Fitz-Arnold Ri. Fitz Bartholomew 1200 2 The same Roger Dorset James Bartholomew 1201 3 The same Walter Fitz-Allice Sim. de Aldermanbury 1202 4 The same Norman Blondel John de Ely 1203 5 The same Walter Browne W. Chamberlaine 1204 6 The same Thomas Haverel Hamond Brond 1205 7 The same John Walgrave Rich. de Winchester 1206 8 The same John Holy-land Edm. Fitz-Gerard 1207 9 The same Roger Winchester Edmund Hardle 1208 10 The same Peter Duke Thomas Neal. 1209 11 The same Peter le Josue William Blound 1210 12 The same Adam Whitbey Stephen le Grass 1211 13 The same John Fitz-Peter John Garland 1212 14 The same Randolph Eyland Constantine Josue 1213 15 Roger Fitz-Alwin Martin Fitz-Allice Peter Bate 1214 16 The same Solomon Basing Hugh Basing 1215 17 William Hardel John Travers Andrew Newland King Henry the III. began His Reign the 19th of October 1216. A. D. A. R. Lord MAYORS SHERIFFS 1216 1 William Hardel John Travers Andrew Newland 1217 2 Robert Serl Thomas Bokerel Ralph Holyland 1218 3 The same Bennet Senturer William Blundivers 1219 4 The same John Wail or Veil Josue le Spicer 1220 5 The same Richard Wimbledon John Wail or Veil 1221 6 The same Richard Renger John Veil 1222 7 The same Richard Joyner Thomas Lambert 1223 8 Richard Benger William Joyner Thomas Lambert 1224 9 The same John Travers Andrew Bokerel 1225 10 The same The same The same 1226 11 The same Roger Duke Mar. Fitz-Williams 1227 12 Roger Duke Stephen Bokereâ— Henry Cocham 1228 13 The same The same The same 1229 14 The same William Winchester Robert Fitz-John 1230 15 The same Richard Walter John de Woborn 1231 16 Andrew Bokerel Michael of St. Helen Walter de Enfield 1232 17 Andrew Bokerel Henry de Edmonton Gerard Bat. 1233 18 The same Roger Fitz-Mary Roger Blunt 1234 19 The same Ralph Ashwray John Norman 1235 20 The same Gerard Bat. Rich. or Rob. Hardel 1236 21 The same Henry Cobham Jordan Conventry 1237 22 The same John Tolason Gerv. the Cordwainer 1238 23 Richard Benger John Codras John Wilhall 1239 24 William Joyner Reymond Bongy Ralph Ashwy 1240 25 Gerard Bat. John Gisors Michael Tony. 1241 26 Reymond Bongy Thomas Duresm John Voyl 1242 27 The same John Fitz-John Ralph Ashwy 1243 28 Ralph Ashwy Hugh Blunt Adam Basing 1244 29 Michael Tony. Ralph Eoster Nicholas Bat. 1245 30 John Gisors Robert Cornhil Adam of Bewly 1246 31 The same Simon Fitz-Mary Lawrence Frowick 1247 32 Peter Fitz-Alwin John Voil Nicholas Bat. 1248 33 Michael Tony. Nicholas Fitz-Josue Geoffry Winchester 1249 34 Roger Fitz-Roger Richard Hardel John Tolason 1250 35 John Gisors Humphrey Bat. Will. Fitz. Richard 1251 36 Adam Basing Lawrence Frowick Nicholas Bat. 1252 37 John Tolason William Durham Thomas Wimborn 1253 38 Richard Hardel John Northampton Richard Richard 1254 39 The same Ralph Ashury Robert of Limâ—n 1255 40 The same Stephen Doe Henry Walmond 1256 41 The same Michael Bokerel John the Minor 1257 42 The same Richard Otwell William Ashwy 1258 43 The same Robert Cornhill John Adrian 1259 44 John Gisors John Adrian Robert Cornhill 1260 45 Will. Fitz-Richard Adam Browning Henry Coventry 1261 46 The same John Northampton Richard Pichard 1262 47 Thom. Fitz-Richard John Taylor Richard Wallbroke 1263 48 The same Rob. de Mountpeter Osbert de Suffolk 1264 49 Thomas Fitz Thomas Fitz-Richard George Râ—kestey Thomas de Detford 1265 50 The same Edward Blâ—nt Peter Anger 1265 51 William Richards John Hind John Walraven 1266 52 Allen de-la-Zouch John Adrian Lucas de Batencourt 1267 53 T. Wimborn Custos Sir Stephen Edward Walter Harvey William Duresm 1268 54 Hugh Fitz-Ottonis Custos of London and Constable of the Tower Thomas Basing Robert Cornhill At this time the KING Granted the Choice of the Mayors and Sheriffs to
the City it Self 1269 55 John Adrian Walter Potter Philip Taylor 1270 56 The same Gregory Rochesly Henry Walleis 1271 57 Sir Walter Harvey Richard Harris John de Wodeley King Edward the First began His Reign the 16th of November 1272. 1272 1 Sir Walter Harvey John Horn. Walter Potter 1273 2 Henry Walleis Nicholas Winchester Henry Coventry 1274 3 Gregory Rokesley Lucas Batencourt Henry Frowick 1275 3 The same John Horn. Ralph Blount 1276 5 The same Robert de Arar Ralph L. Fewre 1277 6 The same John Adrian Walter Largley 1278 7 The same Robert Bâ—sing William le Meyre 1279 8 Gregory Rokesley Thomas Box. Ralph Moore 1280 9 The same Willliam Farrendon Nicholas Winchester 1281 10 Henry Walleis William le Meyre Richard Chigwell 1282 11 The same Ralph Blunt Hawkin Betuel 1283 12 The same Jordan Goodcheap Martin Box. 1284 13 Gregory Rokesley Stephen Cornhill Robert Rokesley 1285 14 Ralph Sandwich Walter Blunt John Made 1286 15 The same Thomas Cross Walter Hawteyne 1287 16 The same William Hereford Thomas Stanes 1288 17 The same William Betaine John of Canterbury 1289 18 The same Fulk of St. Edmund Solomon Langford 1290 19 The same Thomas Romain William de Lyre 1291 20 The same Ralph Blunt Hamond Box. 1292 21 The same Elias Russel Henry Bole. 2293 22 The same Robert Rokesley Martin Awbery 1294 23 The same Henry Box. Richard Gloucester 1295 24 Sir John Briton John Dunstable Adam de Halingbury 1296 25 The same Thomas of Suffolk Adam of Fulâ—â—m 1297 26 Henry Walleis Richard Refham Thomas Sely. 1298 27 Elias Russel John Armentor Henry Fingene 1299 28 The same Lucas de Havering Richard Champnes 1300 29 Sir John Blunt Robert Collor Peter de Bessenho 1301 30 The same Hugh Pourte Simon Paris 1302 31 The same Will. Combmartin John de Burford 1303 32 The same Roger Paris John de Lincoln 1304 33 The same William Causon Reginald Thunderley 1305 34 The same Geoffry at the Conduit Simon Billet King Edward the II. began His Reign the second of July Anno Domini 1307. 1307 1 Sir John Blunt Nicholas Pigol Nigellus Drury 1308 2 Nicholas Faringdon William Basing James Butler 1309 3 Thomas Romaine Roger le Palmer James of St. Edmond 1310 4 Richard Reffam Simon Cooper Peter Blacney 1311 5 Sir John Gysors Simon Metwâ—â—â— Richard Wâ—â—ford 1312 6 Sir John Gysors John Lambin Adam Lutkin 1313 7 Nicholas Faringdon Robert Garden Hugh Garton 1314 8 Sir John Gysors Stephen Abingdon Hammond Chickwell 1315 9 Stephen de Abington Hammond Goodcheap William Bodeleigh 1316 10 John Wingrave William Caston Ralph Balancer 1317 11 The same John Prior. William Furneaux 1318 12 The same John Pointel John Dalling 1319 13 Hammond Chickwell Simon de Abington John Preston 1320 14 Nicholas Faringdon Reinald at the Conduit William Prodham 1321 15 Hammond Chickwell Râ—chard Constantine Richard de Hackney 1322 16 The same John Grantham Richard de Ely 1323 17 Nicholas Farindon Adam of Salisbury John of Oxford 1324 18 Hammond Chickwell Bennet of Fulham John Cawston 1325 19 The same Gilbert Mordon John Causton 3126 20 Richard Britain Richard Rothing Roger Chauntclere King Edward the III. began His Reign the 25. of January 1326. A. D. A. R. Lord MAYORS SHERRIFFS 1327 1 Hammond Chickwell Henry Darcy John Hawton 1328 2 John Grantham Simon Francis Henry Cobmartin 1329 3 Richard Swanland Richard Lazer William Gysors 1330 4 Sir John Pountney Robert of Ely Thomas of Worwode 1331 5 The same John Mocking Andrew Aubery 1332 6 John Preston Nicholas Pike John Husband 1333 7 Sir John Pountney John Hammond William Hauford 1334 8 Reginald at the Conduit John Kingstone Walter Turk 1335 9 The same Walter Mordon Richard Vpton 1336 10 Sir John Pountney John Clark W. Curtes 1337 11 Henry Darcy Walter Neal. Nicholas Crane 1338 12 The same William de Pomfret Hugh Marbler 1339 13 Andrew Aubery William Thorney Roger Frâ—sham 1340 14 The same Adam Lucas Bartholomew Morris 1341 15 John of Oxenford Richard de Barking John de Rokesly 1342 16 Simon Francis John Lâ—ufkin Richard Killingbury 1343 17 John Hammond John Steward John Aylesham 1344 18 The same Geoffry Witchingham Thomas Leg. 1345 19 Richard Lazer Edmund Hemenhall John of Glocester 1346 20 Geoff. Witchingham John of Croydon William Clopton 1347 21 Thomas Leggy Adam Brampston Richard Fas or Bas. 1448 22 John Loufkin Henry Bicard Simon Doleby 1349 23 Walter Turk Adam of Bury Ralph of Lynne 1350 24 Richard Killingbury John Notte Will. of Worcester 1351 25 Andrew Aubery Iohn Wroth. Gilb. of Stenineshorpe 1352 26 Adam Francis John Peace John Stotly 1353 27 The same William Wood. John Little 1354 28 Thomas Leggy Will. Nottingham Roger Smelt 1355 29 Simon Francis Thomas Foster Thomas Brandon 1356 30 Henry Picard Richard Nottingham Thomas Dolsel 1357 31 Sir John Stody Stephen Candish Bartholom Frostling 1358 32 John Loufkin John Barns John Buris 1359 33 Simon Doulseby Simon of Bemington John of Chichester 1360 34 John Wroth. Walter Borny John Dennis 1361 35 John Peche William Holbech James Tame 1362 36 Stephen Candish John of St. Albans James Andrew 1363 37 John Not. Richard of Croyden John Hiltoft 1364 38 Adam of Bury John de Metford Simon de Morden 1365 39 John Loufkin John Bukilsworth John Ireland 1366 40 The same John Ward Thomas of Lee. 1367 41 James Andrew John Tarngold William Dickman 1368 42 Simon Mordan Robert Goideler Adam Wimondham 1369 43 John Chichester John Piel Hugh Holdich 1370 44 John Barns William Walworth Robert Gayton 1371 45 The same Adam Staple Robert Hatfield 1372 46 John Piel John Philpot. Nicholas Brembar 1373 47 Adam of Bury John Aubery John Fished 1374 48 William Walworth Richard Lyons William Woodhouse 1375 49 John Ward John Hadley William Newport 1376 50 Adam Staple John Northampton Robert Laund Richard the II. began His Reighn the 21. of June 1377. A. D. A. R. Lord MAYORS SHERIFFS 1377 1 Sir Nicholas Brember Nicholas Twiford Andrew Pikeman 1378 2 John Philpot. John Boseham Thomas Cornwallis 1379 3 John Hadley John Helisdon William Barra 1380 4 William Walworth Walter Doget William Knighthode 1381 5 John Northampton John Rotu John Hynde 1382 6 The same Adam Bramme John Sely. 1383 7 Sir Nicholas Brember Simon Winchcomb John More 1384 8 The same Nicholas Exton John French 1385 9 The same John Organ John Churchman 1386 10 Nicholas Exton William Stondon William More 1387 11 The same William Venor Hugh Falstalfe 1388 12 Nicholas Twiford Thomas Austin Adam Carlehul 1389 13 William Venor John Walcot John Love 1390 14 Adam Bamme John Francis Thomas Vivent 1391 15 John Hinde John Shadworth Henry Vamere 1392 16 William Stondon Gilbert Mafield Thomas Newington 1393 17 John Hardley Drew Barintin Richard Whittington 1394 18 Sir John Froyshe William Bramston Thomas Knolls 1395 19 William More Roger Ellis William Sevenoke 1396 20 Adam Brown Thomas Wilford William Parker 1397 21 Sir Rich. Whittington John Wodcock William Ascham 1398 22 Sir Drew Barintin
John Wade John Warner King Henry the IV. began His Reign the 29. of September 1399. 1399 1 Sir Thomas Knolls William Waldren William Hende 1400 2 Sir John Francis John Wakel William Ebot 1401 3 Sir John Shadworth William Venor John Fremingham 1402 4 John Walcot Richard Marlow Robert Chichely 1403 5 Sir William Ascham Thomas Falconer Thomas Pool 1404 6 John Hinde William Louth Stephen Spilman 1405 7 Sir John Woodcock Henry Barton William Cromer 1406 8 Sir Ric. Whittington Nicholas Watton Geoffry Brooke 1407 9 Sir William Stondon Henry Pontfract Henry Halton 1408 10 Sir Drew Barentine Thomas Buck. William Norton 1409 11 Richard Marlow John Law William Chicheley 1410 12 Sir Thomas Knolls John Penne. Thomas Pike 1411 13 Sir Robert Chicheley John Rainwell William Cotton 1412 14 William Waldren Ralph Lovenham William Sevenoke King Henry the Fifth began his Reign the 20th of March 1412. 1413 1 Sir William Cromar John Sutton John Michael 1414 2 Sir Thomas Falconer John Michael Thomas Allen. 1415 3 Sir Nicholas Wotton William Cambridge Alan Everard 1416 4 Sir Henry Barton Richard Whittington John Coventry 1417 5 Richard Marlow Henry Read John Gedney 1418 6 William Sevenoke Jo. Bryan Jo. Barton John Parvess 1419 7 Sir Rich. Whittington Robert Whittington John Butler 1420 8 William Cambridge John Butler John Well 1421 9 Sir Robert Chicheley Richard Gosseline William Meston King Henry the Sixth began his Reign the 31th of August 1422. A.D.A.R. Lord MAYORS SHERIFFS 1422 1 Sir William Waldren William Eastfield Robert Tatarsal 1423 2 William Cromar Nicholas James Thomas Watford 1424 3 John Michael Simon Seaman John Bywater 1425 4 John Coventry William Milled John Brokle 1426 5 Sir John Rainwell John Arnal John Higham 1427 6 Sir John Gedney Henry Frowick Robert Otely 1428 7 Sir Henry Barton Thomas Duffhouse John Abbot 1429 8 Sir William Eastfield William Russe Ralph Holland 1430 9 Nicholas Wotton Walter Cherssey Robert Large 1431 10 Sir John de Welles John Aderley Stephen Brown 1432 11 Sir John Parveis John Olney John Paddeslye 1433 12 Sir John Brokle Thomas Chalton John King 1434 13 Sir Roger Oteley Thomas Barnewell Simon Eyre 1435 14 Sir Henry Frowick Thomas Catworth Robert Clopton 1436 15 Sir John Michael Thomas Moriseed William Gregory 1437 16 Sir William Eastfield William Hales William Chapman 1438 17 Sir Stephen Brown Hugh Dyker Nicholas Towe 1439 18 Robert Large Philip Malphas Robert Marshal 1440 19 Sir John Paddesley John Sutton William Wilinhale 1441 20 Robert Clopton William Combis Richard Rich. 1442 21 John Aderley Thomas Beaumont Richard Nordon 1443 22 Thomas Catworth Nicholas Wyford John Norman 1444 23 Sir Henry Frowick Stephen Foster Hugh Witch 1445 24 Sir Simon Eyre John Darby Godfrey Fielding 1446 25 John Olney Robert Horne Godfrey Bullen 1447 26 Sir John Gedney William Abraham Thomas Scot. 1448 27 Sir Stephen Brown William Cotlow William Narrow 1449 28 Sir Thomas Chalton William Hulin Thomas Canning 1450 29 Nicholas Wilford John Middleton William Dear 1451 30 Sir William Gregory Matthew Philip Christopher Wharton 1452 31 Sir Geoffry Fielding Richard Lee Richard Alley 1453 32 Sir John Norman John Walden Thomas Cook 1454 33 Sir Stephen Foster John Field William Taylor 1455 34 Sir William Marrow John Young Thomas Oâ—dgnavâ— 1456 35 Sir Thomas Canning John Styward Ralph Verney 1457 36 Sir Godfrey Bullen William Edward Thomas Reynor 1458 37 Sir Thomas Scot. Ralph Joceline Richard Medham 1459 38 Sir William Hulin John Plummer John Stocker 1460 39 Sir Richard Lee. Richard Flemming John Lambert Edward the Fourth began his Reign the 4th of March 1460. 1461 1 Sir Hugh Witch George Ireland John Lock 1462 2 Sir Thomas Cook William Hampton Bartholomew James 1463 3 Sir Matthew Philip. Robert Basset Thomas Muschamp 1464 4 Sir Ralph Joceline John Tate John Stones 1465 5 Sir Ralph Verney Henry weaver William Constantine 1466 6 Sir John Young Jo. Brown Hen. Brice John Darby 1467 7 Sir Thomas Oldgrave Thomas Stalbrook Humphrey Heyford 1468 8 Sir William Taylor Simon Smith William Herriot 1469 9 Sir Richard a Lee. Richard Gardner Robert Drope 1470 10 Sir John Stackton John Crosby John Ward 1471 11 Sir William Edwards John Allen. John Shelley 1472 12 Sir Will. Hampton John Brown Thomas Bledlow 1473 13 Sir John Tate Sir William Stocker Robert Belisdon 1474 14 Sir Robert Drope Edmund Shaa Thomas Hill 1475 15 Sir Robert Basse Hugh Brice Robert Colwich 1476 16 Sir Ralph Joceline Richard Rawson William Horn. 1477 17 Sir Humph. Heyford Henry Collet John Stocker 1478 18 Sir Richard Gardner Robert Harding Robert Bifield 1479 19 Sir Bartholom James Thomas Ilam John Ward 1480 20 Sir John Brown Thomas Daniel William Bacon 1481 21 Sir William Herrot Robert Tate Richard Charey Will. Wiking 1482 22 Sir Edmund Shaa William White John Matthew Edward the Fifth began his Reign the 9th of April 1483. Richard the Third began his Reign the 22d of June 1483. 1483 1 Sir Robert Billesdon Thomas Newland William Martin 1484 2 Sir Thomas Hill Richard Chester Tho. Brittain Ralph Astry King Henry the Seventh began his Reign the 22d of August 1485. A.D.A.R. Lord MAYORS SHERIFFS 1485 1 Sir Hugh Brice John Tate John Swan 1486 2 Sir Henry Collet John Percival Hugh Clopton 1487 3 Sir William Horne John Fenket William Remington 1488 4 Sir Robert Tate William Isaac Ralph Tilney 1489 5 Sir William White William Capel John Brook 1490 6 John Matthew Henry Cote or Coote R. Revell Hugh Pemberton 1491 7 Sir Hugh Clopton Tho. Wood. William Brown 1492 8 Sir William Martin William Purchase William Walbeck 1493 9 Sir Ralph Austry Robert Fabian John Winger 1494 10 Sir Richard Chawril Nicholas Alwin John Warner 1495 11 Sir Henry Collet Thomas Kneesworth Henry Sommer 1496 12 Sir John Tate John Shaa Richard Hedon 1497 13 Sir William Purchase Barth Rede Thomas Windew or Windout 1498 14 Sir John Percival Thomas Bradbury Stephen Gennings 1499 15 Sir Nicholas Aldwine James Wilford Tho. or Rich. Brond 1500 16 William Remington John Haws William Steed 1501 17 Sir John Shaa Lawrence Aylmer Henry Hede. 1502 18 Sir Bartholomew Rede Henry Keble Nicholas Nives 1503 19 Sir William Capel Christopher Haws Robert Wats 1504 20 Sir John Winger Roger Acheley William Browne 1505 21 Sir Tho. Kneisworth Richard Shoare Roger Grove 1506 22 Sir Richard Haddon William Coppinger T. Johnson Will. Fitz-Williams 1507 23 Sir William Brown W. Butler John Kerby 1508 24 Sir Stephen Jennings Thomas Exmuel Richard Smith Henry the VIII began His Reign the 22d of April 1509. 1509 1 Tho. Bradbury Sir William Capel George Monox John Doget 1510 2 Sir Henry Kebble John Milborne John Rest 1511 3 Sir Roger Acheley Nicholas Shelton Thomas Merfine 1512 4 Sir Will. Coppinger Sir Rich. Haddon Robert Holdernes Robert Fenrother 1513 5 Sir William Brown Joh. Daws Jo. Bruges Roger Bosford 1514 6 Sir George Monox James Yarford John Mundy 1515 7 Sir William Butler Henry Warley Ri. Gray Will. Bayly 1516 8
Sir John Rest Thomas Seymour John or Ri. Thurstone 1517 9 Sir Thomas Exmewe Thomas Baldrie Ralph or Ri. Symons 1518 10 Sir Thomas Merfine John Allen. James Spencer 1519 11 Sir James Yarford John Wilkinson Nicholas Patrich 1520 12 Sir John Burgh John Skevington John Kyme ali Keble 1521 13 Sir John Milbourn J. Breton or Brittain Thomas Pargiter 1522 14 Sir John Mundy John Rudston John Champnies 1523 15 Sir Thomas Baldrie Michael English Nicholas Jennings 1524 16 Sir William Bayly Ralph Dodmere William Roche 1525 17 Sir John Allen. J. Caunton or Calton Christopher Askew 1526 18 Sir Thomas Seymour Stephen Peacock Nicholas Lambert 1527 19 Sir James Spencer John Hardy William Hollys 1528 20 Sir John Rudstone Ralph Warren John Long. 1529 21 Sir Ralph Dodmere Michael Dormer Walter Champion 1530 22 Sir Thomas Pargiter W. Dawsey or Dancy Richard Champion 1531 23 Sir Nicholas Lambert Richard Gresham Edward Altham 1532 24 Sir Stephen Peacock R. Reynolds J. Martin N. Pincâ—on J. Priest 1533 25 Sir Christoph Askew William Foreman Thomas Kitson A.D.A.R. Lord MAYORS SHERIFFS 1534 26 Sir John Champneis Nicholas Levison William Derham 1535 27 Sir John Allen. Humphr Monmouth John Cotes 1536 28 Sir Ralph Warren Robert or Rich. Paget William Bowyer 1537 29 Sir Richard Gresham John Gresham Thomas Lewin 1538 30 Sir Will. Foreman Will. Wilkinson Nicholas Gibson 1539 31 Sir William Hollys Thomas Ferrer Thomas Huntlow 1540 32 Sir William Roch. William Laxton Martin Bows 1541 33 Sir Michael Dormer Rowland Hill Henry Suckley 1542 34 Sir John Cotes Henry Hobblethorn Henry Amcoats 1543 35 Sir William Bowyer John Tholouse Richard Dobbes 1544 36 Sir William Laxton John Wilford Andrew Judâ— 1545 37 Sir Martin Bows George Barne Ralph Allen or Alley 1546 38 Sir Hen. Hobblethorn Richard Jarveis Thomas Curteis King Edward the VI. began His Reign the 28th of January 1546. 1547 1 Sir John Gresham Thomas White Robert Chertsey 1548 2 Sir Henry Amcoats William Lock Sir John Ayleph 1549 3 Sir Rowland Hill John York Richard Turk 1550 4 Sir Andrew Jud. Augustine Hind John Lion 1551 5 Sir Richard Dobbs John Lambert John Cowper 1552 6 Sir George Barne Wi. Garret or Gerard. John Maynard Queen Mary began Her Reign July the 6th 1553. 1553 1 Sir Thomas White Thomas Offley William Hewet 1554 2 Sir John Lion David Woodroffe William Chester 1555 3 Sir William Garret or Gerard. Tho. Lee or Leigh John Machel 1556 4 Sir Thomas Offley William Harper John White 1557 5 Sir Thomas Curteis Richard Mallory James Altham 1558 6 Sir Tho. Lee or Leigh John Halsey Richard Champion Queen Elizabeth began Her Reign the 17th of November 1558. 1559 1 Sir William Hewel Thomas Lodge Roger Martin 1560 2 Sir William Chester Christopher Draper Thomas Roe 1561 3 Sir William Harper Alexand. Avenon Humphry Baskervile 1562 4 Sir Thomas Lodge William Allen. Rich. Chamberlain 1563 5 Sir John White Edward Banks Rowland Heyward 1564 6 Sir Richard Mallory Edward Jackman Lionel Ducket 1565 7 Sir Rich. Champion John Rivers James Hawes 1566 8 Sir Christoph Draper Richard Lambert Ambrose Nicholas Jo-Langley 1567 9 Sir Roger Martin Tho. Ramsey John Bond. 1568 10 Sir Thomas Roe Jo. Oliph Ro. Harding James Bacon 1569 11 Sir Alexand. Avenan Henry Beecher William Dane 1570 12 Sir Rowland Heyward Francis Barneham William Box. 1571 13 Sir William Allen. Henry Mills John Branch 1572 14 Sir Lionel Duckes Richard Pipe Nicholas Woodroffe 1573 15 Sir John Rivers James Harvey T. Pulloccel of Pullison 1574 16 Sir James Haws Thomas Blanke Anthony Gamage 1575 17 Sir Ambrose Nicholas Edward Osborne Wolstane Dixie 1576 18 Sir John Langley William Kempton George Barne 1577 19 Sir Tho. Ramsey Nicholas Blackhouse Francis Bowyer 1578 20 Sir Richard Pipe George Bond. Thomas Starkie 1579 21 Sir Nich. Woodroffe Martin Calthrop John Hart. 1580 22 Sir John Branch Ralph Woodcock John Allot 1581 23 Sir James Harvey Richard Martin William Webb 1582 24 Sir Thomas Blanke Will. Roe Jo. Haydon Cuthbert Buckle 1583 25 Sir Edward Osborne William Mashaw John Spencer 1584 26 Sir Thomas Pulloccell Stephen Slaney Henry Billingsley 1585 27 Sir Wolstane Dixie Anthony Ratcliff Henry Pranel 1586 28 Sir George Barne George House William Elkin 1587 29 Sir George Bond. Thomas Skinner John Catcher 1588 30 Sir Martin Calthrop Sir Richard Martin Hugh Offley Richard Saltonstall 1589 31 Sir John Hart. Richard Gurney Stephen Some 1590 32 Sir John Allot Sir Howland Heyward Nicholas Mosely Robert Brook 1591 33 Sir William Webb Will. Rider Bennet or Benedict Barnham 1592 34 Sir William Roe Jo. Garret or Gerard. Robert Taylor 1593 35 Sir Cuthbert Buckle Sir Richard Martin Paul Banning Peter Haughton 1594 36 Sir John Spencer Robert Lee. Thomas Bennet 1595 37 Sir Stephen Slaney Thomas Roe Leonard Hallyday 1596 38 Sir Thomas Skinner Sir Henry Billingsley John Walls Richard Goddard 1597 39 Sir Rioh Saltonstal Henry Roe John More 1598 40 Sir Stephen Some Edward Holmdon Robert Hampson 1599 41 Sir Nicholas Mosely Humphrey Walde Roger Clark 1600 42 Sir William Rider Th. Smith Th. Cambel William Craven 1601 43 Sir John Garret or Gerrard Henry Anderson William Glover 1602 44 Sir Robert Lee. James Pemberton John Swinnerton King James began His Reign the Twenty Fourth of March 1602. 1603 1 Sir Thomas Bennet Sir William Rumney Sir Tho. Middleton 1604 2 Sir Thomas Low Sir Tho. Hayes Sir Roger Jones 1605 3 Sir Leonard Holyday Sir Clem. Scudamore Sir John Jâ—lles 1606 4 Sir John Wats William Walthal John Leman 1607 5 Sir Henry Row Geoffry Elves Nicholas Style 1608 6 Sir Humphrey Weld George Bolls Richard Farrington 1609 7 Sir Thomas Cambel Sebastian Harvey William Cockaine 1610 8 Sir William Craven Richard Pyal Francis Jones 1611 9 Sir James Pemberton Edward Barkham John Smiths 1612 10 Sir John Swinnerton Edward Rotheram Alexander Prescot 1613 11 Sir Tho. Middleton Thomas Bennet Henry Jay 1614 12 Sir Thomas Hayes Peter Proby Martin Lumley 1615 13 Sir John Jolles William Goare John Goare 1616 14 Sir John Leman Allen Cotton Cuthbert Hacket 1617 15 Sir George Bolles William Holyday Robert Johnson 1618 16 Sir Sebastian Harvey Richard Hearn Hugh Hammersley 1619 17 Sir William Cockain Richard Dean James Cambel 1620 18 Sir Francis Jones Edward Allen. Robert Ducie 1621 19 Sir Edw. Barkham George Whitmore Nicholas Raynton 1622 20 Sir Peter Proby John Hodges Sir Hump. Hantford 1623 21 Sir Martin Lumley Ralph Freeman Thomas Mounson 1624 22 Sir John Goare Rowland Heilin Robert Parkhurst King CHARLES the I. began His Reign the Twenty Seventh of March in the Year 1625. 1625 1 Sir Allen Cotten Thomas Westraw Elias Crisp died Jo. Pool Chr. Cletherow after 1626 2 Sir Cuthbert Hacket Edward Bromfield Richard Fen. 1627 3 Sir Hugh Hamersly Maurice Abbot Henry Garraway 1628 4 Sir Richard Dean Rowland Backhouse Sir William Acton Knight and Bar. 1629 5 Sir James Cambel Humphry Smith Edmund Wright 1630 6 Sir Robert Ducie Bar. Arthur Abdy Robert Cambel 1631 7 Sir
amongst the highest Nobles of the Kingdom which serve on that Day in other Offices He presents the King with Wine in a Golden Cup having a Cover of which the King Drinks and the Lord Mayor receives the said Cup for his Fee The first Lord Mayor that went by Water to Westminster was Sir John Norman Draper Anno 1453. the 32. of H. 6. that is 228 years ago The two Sheriffs of this City are also Sheriffs of the County of Middlesex and are annually Chosen by the Citizens from among themselves in the Guild-Hall upon Midsummer-day a high Priviledge among many others anciently granted to this City by several Kings and Queens of this Kingdom but they are not Sworn till Michaelmas-Eve and then are also presented at the Exchequer to be allowed by the Barons and Sworn after which they enter upon their Office If the Persons so chosen refuse to hold they incur a Penalty unless they will take a Solemn Oath that they are not worth 10000 l. In the Year 1199. that is 482 years ago King John granted the Sheriff-Wick of London and Middlesex to the City as King Henry the First before had done for the sum of 300 l. a year which is paid into the Exchequer to this Day He gave them also Authority to Chuse and Deprive their Sheriffs at pleasure In the 1. of R. 1. the Citizens obtained to be Governed by two Bayliffs which Bayliffs are in Divers antient Deeds called Sheriffs according to the Speech of the Law which called the Shire Ballâ—va c. which King also as formerly said gave the City liberty to be governed by a Mayor as their Principal Governour and their Bayliffs were changed into Sheriffs The Sheriffs of London In the Year 1471. were appointed each of them to have Sixteen Sergeants every Sergeant to have his Yeoman and Six Clerks viz. A Secondary a Clerk of the Papers and Four other Clerks besides the Under-Sheriffs Clerks their Stewards Bâ—tlers Porters and other in Houshold many There are Twenty-six Aldermen that preside over the Twenty-six Wards of the City of which more when we speak of Wards when any of these die the Lord Mayor and Aldermen chuse another out of the most substantial men of the City If any so chosen refuse to hold he is usually Fined 500 l. All the Aldermen that have been Lord Mayors and the Three eldest Aldermen that have not yet arrived to that Honourable Estate are by their Charter Justices of the Peace of this City In the Year 1555. Seven Aldermen Died in less than Ten Months The Recorder of London is usually a Grave and Learned Lawyer that is skilful in the Customs of the City who is to be an Assistant to the Lord Mayor He taketh his place in Councels and in Courts before any man that hath not been Mayor and Learnedly Delivers the sentences of the whole Court The Present Recorder is Sir George Treby an eminent Gentleman and a Worthy Member of our last Parliaments The Chamberlain of London is at present Sir Thomas Player a Gentleman that has deserved very well of this City and the Protestant Interest in General both in that Station and as a Member for this Honourable City in the last Parliaments The Chamberlain is Elected by the Commons upon Midsummer-day so are the Two Bridge-Masters The Auditors of the City and Bridge-House Accounts the Surveyors for BEER and ALE. There is also a Town-Clark or Common-Clerk and a Remembrancer who are Esquires The Chamberlain of London is an Officer very considerable in point of power for without him can no man set up Shop or Occupy his Trade without being Sworn before him no man can set over an Apprentice to another but by his Licence he may Imprison any that disobeys his Summons or any Apprentice that misdemeans himself or punish him otherwise On Munday and Tuesday in Eâ—ster-week all the Aldermen and Sheriffs come unto the Lord Mayor's House before Eight of the Clock in the Morning to Break-fast wearing their Scarlet Gowns Furr'd and their Cloaks as also their Horses attending When Break-fast is ended they mount their Horses and ride to the Spittle which is an ancient Custom not changed but once in 300 years and that upon extraordinary occasion till this year when they went to S. Sepulchres the Sword and Mace being born before the Lord Mayor There they hear a Sermon and then return to Dinner and some of the Aldermen Dine with the Sheriffs and some with the Lord Mayor On Wednesday in Easter-week they go thither in the same manner only the Lord Mayor and Aldermen wear their Violet Gownes and sutable Cloaks But the Ladies on the former Days wearing Scarlet on this Day are attired in Black On Whitsunday all the Aldermen use to meet the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs at the New-Church-yard by Moorfields wearing their Scarlet Gowns lined without Cloaks there they hear a Sermon appointed for that Day and so return to Dinner When they chuse Parliament-men all the Aldermen meet the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs at the Guild-Hall by nine of the Clock in the Morning wearing their Velvet Gowns and their Cloaks either furred or lined according as the time of the year requireth when they are to be chosen and they sit in the Hastings-Court untill the Commons do make Choice of them The last Honourable Members that served for this Renowned City were Sir Robert Clayton Knight that was Lord Mayor the last year Thomas Pilkinton Alderman Sir Thomas Player Knight and William 〈◊〉 Esq of whose real worth courage fidelity and wisdom in the management of that great Trust the City is very sensible as appears by the publick demonstrations deservedly given of it and no less sensible was the last Parliament but one of the Cities Loyalty Fidelity and great care to preserve his Majesties Royal person and the Protestant Religion that the thanks of the House was order'd to be given them which was accordingly done by the Worthy Members aforesaid What the Office of the Constables in the City of London is you may gather from their Oath which is thus Ye shall Swear that ye keep the Peace of our Soveraign Lord the King well and lawfully after your power And ye shall Arrest all them that make Contest Riot Debate or Affray in breaking of the said Peace and lead them to the House or Compter of one of the Sheriffs And if ye be withstood by strength of Misdoers ye shall rear on them an Out-cry and pursue them from Street to Street and from Ward to Ward till they be Arrested And ye shall search at all times when ye be required by the Seavengers or Beadles the Common Noysance of your Ward And the Beadle and Raker ye shall help to Rear and gather their Sallary and Quarterage if ye be thereunto by them required And if any thing be done within your Ward against the Ordinance of this City such defaults as ye shall find there done ye shall them present to the Mayor and
Stones that immur'd up the Door they were heard to cry seven days after and then perished From the Savoy they went to the Temple where they burnt the Lawyers Lodgings with their Books and Writings and all they could lay hands on They broke up the Fleet Prison and let the Prisoners go where they would The like they did at Newgate and made a most dreadful havock up and down The house of St. Johns by Smithfield they set on fire so that it burnt seven days together After this they came to the Tower where the King was then lodged And though he had at that time 600 armed Men and 600 Archers about him yet he durst not but suffer them to enter where they abused the King's Mother in a rude manner offering to kiss her c. that she fell into a Swoon And finding in the place Simon Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor and Sir Robert Hale Prior of St. John and Lord Treasurer and one Richard a Carmelite Monk the King's Confessor these they led to Tower-hill and there most cruelly cut off their heads as they served divers others Indeed Polidore Virgil writes That the Rebels were not at all in the Tower but that the King sent these three men to appease them hoping that they would not offer to abuse such eminent Clergy-men For saith he Si vulgus it a concitatus turrem expugnasset non eos utique tres duntaxat uti credere par est sed Regem relquos ommes quos imprimis ad supplicium petebat interfecisset that is If the enraged Common People had taken the Tower by force they would in all probability destroy not only those three but the King also and all the rest whom first of all they demanded to be deliver'd to them â—or punishment They drew Thirteen Flemings out of Austin-Fryers and Beheaded them in the Streets Seventeen more out of another Church And Thirty two out of the Vintry and several out of their own or others whom they Beheaded yet after all these barbarous and bloody Outrages the King proclaimed Pardon to all such as would lay down Arms and go quietly home which the Essex men did but the Kentish men continued still with their Captain Wat-Tyler of Maidstone a crafty Fellow of an acute wit but very graceless Polidore Virgil says He was Manibus promptus ac Consiliis praeceps of a ready hand and hasty or precipitate in counsel To this Ringleader of Mischief the King sent Sir John Newton to understand what his meaning was Wat Tyler was offended because he came on Horse-back telling him It became him to alight from his Horse in his presence and therewith drew out his Dagger to strike him The King perceiving this Noble Knight to be in danger to qualifie the severity of Wat for a time commanded Sir John to alight which did not pacifie but made Wat the more insolent and would have the King's Sword which Sir John carried offering again to assault him But the Lord Mayor of London William Walworth with other Persons of Quality being just come affirm'd it to be an unheard-of Indignity and a most intolerable Disgrace if the King should suffer so Noble a Knight to be basely murdered in his presence Upon which the King commanded the Lord Mayor to arrest him who did it to purpose for being a man of an invincible Courage and a brave Mind he regarded not the hazard that probably would follow his attacking that Darling and Leader of a Rude Numerous and Rebellious Rabble but prefer'd his Duty to his King and Countrey and the Generosity of rescuing an abused Gentleman even before life I insert this as a Remark due to this brave and memorable Action which deserves never to be forgotten The Mayor immediately rides up to Wat and Arrests him with such a salutation of his Mace on his head that he tumbles him down and then he was by some of the King's Servants some say by John Cavendish Esq run through in several places many persons encompassing him so as that he could not be seen by his Plebeian Army and then caus'd his dead Body to be drawn into St. Bartholomews Hospital But the Commons perceiving it they cry'd Their Captain was slain and animated each other to revenge Upon which the King though not above 15 years of age was so Couragious as to ride up to them telling them That now their Leader was dead he would be their Leader himself and if they would follow him into the Fields they should have whatsoever they desired In the mean time the Lord Mayor Walworth with one Servant Rides speedily into the City and raised One thousand armed Men where meeting Sir Robert Knolls a Citizen by accident got him to be their Leader who coming into the Field where the Rebels were so daunted them that throwing down their weapons they cry'd for mercy so that it was a wonderful thing to see how suddenly Fear overtook Presumption and how quickly terms of the most servile Submission succeeded their insolent Brags viz. That they had the King's life in their power c. and what else they would do On the other side 't was as strange to see how quickly Boldness surprized Fear in those about the King for a little before they trembled at the sight of the Rebels but now they are mad to be at them which the King would not suffer but commanded the Charter they had demanded to be scaled and delivered to them because these Commotions might have the speedier End for the Commons in other places were not yet quiet and the King thought it more prudent rather to pacifie than provoke them The Rabble being dispersed the King called for the Mayor and Knighted him in the Field as also five Aldermen his Brethren viz. Nicholas Brember John Philpot Robert Lawnd John Standish Nicholas Twyford and Adam Francis Some affirm that the Dagger was added to the City Arms for this Reason but Antiquaries make out that this Coat with the Sword of St. Paul not a Dagger belonged to the City long before this hapned The Mayor of London after this sate in Judgment upon Offenders where many were found Guilty and were Executed amongst others Jack Straw John Kirby Alane Tredder and John Sterling who gloried that he slew the Archbishop Sir Robert Tresilian the Chief Justice was appointed to sit in Judgment against the Offenders before whom above 1500 were found Guilty and in several places put to Death amongst whom was John Ball the Priest their Incendiary And thus ended that dangerous Rebellion About the Year 1450. 29 H. 6. there was another Insurrection in Kent headed by one Jack Cade who stiled himself John Mortimer Captain Mend-all He marches with a small but well-order'd Number to Black-Heath where he lay about a Month exercising his Men and in the mean time presents several Complaints to the King and Parliament of various Grievances and Oppressions but they were judged too insolent and therefore rejected
given by Polidor Virgil p. 561. Thus Quibus Rebus ita usu venit c. by which means it grew to a Custom that after a vast destruction of men by this Distemper this kind of help was found effectual If any person was taken with this Sweat by day he must go to Bed with his Cloaths on If by night and the party be in bed then he must rest and not stir for 24 hours compleat in the mean time he must be so covered as not to provoke Sweat but let it proceed of its own accord he must neither eat nor drink any thing but what will just serve to keep him alive he must not so much as put forth hand or foot to be cooled for that 's death unavoidable If the Patient observes this he is certainly cured else lost and this Disease saith he invaded only England or English-men which men at that time made portentous constructions of This Mortal Distemper was succeeded by a rageing Plague which swept away many so that the King was forced to remove his Court from one place to another By that Sweating-sickness in H. 8's time infinite multitudes of People dyed in several places of England especially in London sparing neither rich nor poor for even in the King's Court the Lord Gray of Wilton and the Lord Clinton and many Knights Gentlemen and Officers died of it The like Sweating-sickness hapned in the 20 th year of his Reign which began in London and afterwards spread it self into all parts of the Kingdom so that the Term and the Assizes were adjourned In the 20 E. 3. as Baker says p. 131. there died in London of a Plague 57374 persons In the 4 th of Queen Mary hot burning Agues and other strange Diseases took away much People So as between the 20 th of October and the last of December there died 7 Aldermen of London namely Henry Heardson Sir Richard Dobs Sir Will. Laxton Sir Henry Hobblethorn Sir John Champney Sir John Ayleph and Sir John Gresham of which some were Lord Mayors c. I find that in the 8 th of Qu. Eliz. there died in ten Months seven Aldermen of London viz. Edward Banks Richard Chamberlain Sir Martin Bowes Sir Richard Mallory Sir William Hewet Sir Thomas White and Richard Lambert one of the Sheriffs for that year In the 36 th of Qu. Eliz. there dyed of the Plague in London and the Suburbs 17890. besides the Lord Mayor and three Aldermen and Michaelmas-Term was holden at St. Albans The first of King James viz. 1602 there died in London and Liberties 38244 whereof of the Plague 30578 yet the next year though the City was increased with a great number of Strangers there died of all Diseases but 4263. There broke out likewise a great Plague in the First of King Charles the First whereof more died than in the beginning of his Fathers Reign Many other Plagues have been in the City but I shall conclude this subject with a brief account of the great Plague in 1665. In the beginning of May the Bill of Mortality mentions nine that died of the Plague and decreased the next Week to three then increased to fourteen next to seventeen next forty three and then great Persons began to retire into the Country In June the Bill increases to 112 next 168 next 267 next 470 then do many Tradesmen go into the Country and many Ministers take occasion to absent themselves from their Charge In July the Bill rises to 725 then to 1089 next 1843 next to 2010 Now most Parishes are infected a vast number of Houses shut up no Trade at all and the number of dying persons still encreasing although so many thousands left the City In Aug. the Bill rises to 2817 next 3880 next 4237 and then 6102 all which died of the Plague besides other Diseases Now there is a dismal solitude in London-streets every day looks with the face of a Sabbath observed with greater solemnity than it used to be in the City Shops are shut up very few walk about so that grass begins to spring in some places A deep silence every where no ratling of Coaches c. no calling in Customers no London Crys no noise but dying Croans and Funeral Knells c. In September the Bill rises to 6988 the next falls to 6544 but then rises again to 7165 which was the greatest Bill There were but four Parishes that were not infected and in them few tarried The next Bill falls to 5538 then to 4929 then to 4327 then to 2665 then to 1421 then to 1031. First Week in November it rises to 1414 but falls to 1050 then to 652 then to 333 and so lessened more and more to the end of the year when we had a Bill of 97306 which died of all Diseases which was 79000 more than the year before and the number of them which died of the Plague was reckoned to be 68596 that year but others say that there died of that fatal Disease in little more than a years space near 100000 persons in London and some adjacent places I shall proceed to remark briefly some few things more which are Miscellaneous Collections of my own from Divers Authors In the time of Edward the Second when the workmen were digging the Foundation of a Work about Pauls there were found more than 100 heads of Oxen which confirm'd that opinion that of old time it had been the Temple of Diana and that there was the Sacrifice of Beasts In the 3 H. 5. It is said that seven Dolphins came up the River of Thames whereof four were taken In the Fourth of Q. Mary before Harvest Wheat was sold for four Marks the Quarter Malt at 44 s. the Quarter Pease at 46 s. 8 d. Yet after Harvest Wheat was sold for 5 s. the Quarter Malt for 6 s. 8 d. Rye at 3 s. 4 d. In the Country Wheat was sold for 4 s. the Quarter Malt at 4 s. 8 d. and in some places a Bushel of Rye for a pound of Candles which was 4 d. I have read that in the Third of King James a Whale came up within eight miles of London whose body was seen divers times above water and judged to exceed the length of the largest Ship in the River but when she tasted the fresh-water and sented the Land she returned into the Sea I find recorded by divers Writers that the 17 th of July 1619 one Bernard Calvart of Andover rode from St. George's Church in Southwark to Dover and from thence passed by Barge to Callice in France and from thence returned back to St. George's Church the same day setting out about three in the Morning and returned about eight in the Evening fresh and lusty being 184 miles which was very strange In the 14 th R. 2. on Christmas-day a Dolphin was taken at London-bridge being ten Foot long and a monstrous grown Fish In the 37 H. 8. On Tuesday in Easter week William Foxely Pot-maker for the Mint