Selected quad for the lemma: lord_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
lord_n	earl_n	edward_n	sir_n	61,048	5	6.9552	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68619	The arte of English poesie Contriued into three bookes: the first of poets and poesie, the second of proportion, the third of ornament.	Puttenham, George, d. 1590.; Puttenham, Richard, 1520?-1601?, attributed name.; Lumley, John Lumley, Baron, 1534?-1609, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 20519.5; ESTC S110571	205,111	267

the principall man in this profession at the same time was Maister Edward Ferrys a man of no lesse mirth felicitie that way but of much more skil magnificence in his meeter and therefore wrate for the most part to the stage in Tragedie and sometimes in Comedie or Enterlude wherein he gaue the king so much good recreation as he had thereby many good rewardes In Queenes Maries time florished aboue any other Doctour Phaer one that was well learned excellently well translated into English verse Heroicall certaine bookes of Virgils Aeneidos Since him followed Maister Arthure Golding who with no lesse commendation turned into English meetre the Metamorphosis of Ouide and that other Doctour who made the supplement to those bookes of Virgils Aeneidos which Maister Phaer left vndone And in her Maiesties time that now is are sprong vp an other crew of Courtly makers Noble men and Gentlemen of her Maiesties owne seruauntes who haue written excellently well as it would appeare if their doings could be found out and made publicke with the rest of which number is first that noble Gentleman Edward Earle of Oxford Thomas Lord of Bukhurst when he was young Henry Lord Paget Sir Philip Sydney Sir Walter Rawleigh Master Edward Dyar Maister Fulke Greuell Gascon Britton Turberuille and a great many other learned Gentlemen whose names I do not omit for enuie but to auoyde tediousnesse and who haue deserued no little commendation But of them all particularly this is myne opinion that Chaucer with Gower Lidgat and Harding for their antiquitie ought to haue the first place and Chaucer as the most renowmed of them all for the much learning appeareth to be in him aboue any of the rest And though many of his bookes be but bare translations out of the Latin French yet are they wel handled as his bookes of Troilus and Cresseid and the Romant of the Rose whereof he translated but one halfe the deuice was Iohn de Mehunes a French Poet the Canterbury tales were Chaucers owne inuention as I suppose and where he sheweth more the naturall of his pleasant wit then in any other of his workes his similitudes comparisons and all other descriptions are such as can not be amended His meetre Heroicall of Troilus and Cresseid is very graue and stately keeping the the staffe of seuen and the verse of ten his other verses of the Canterbury tales be but riding ryme neuerthelesse very well becomming the matter of that pleasaunt pilgrimage in which euery mans part is playd with much decency Gower sauing for his good and graue moralities had nothing in him highly to be commended for his verse was homely and without good measure his wordes strained much deale out of the French writers his ryme wrested and in his inuentions small subtillitie the applications of his moralities are the best in him and yet those many times very grossely bestowed neither doth the substance of his workes sufficiently aunswere the subtilitie of his titles Lydgat a translatour onely and no deuiser of that which he wrate but one that wrate in good verse Harding a Poet Epick or Historicall handled himselfe well according to the time and maner of his subiect He that wrote the Satyr of Piers Ploughman seemed to haue bene a malcontent of that time and therefore bent himselfe wholy to taxe the disorders of that age and specially the pride of the Romane Clergy of whose fall he seemeth to be a very true Prophet his verse is but loose meetre and his termes hard and obscure so as in them is litle pleasure to be taken Skelton a sharpe Satirist but with more rayling and scoffery then became a Poet Lawreat such among the Greekes were called Pantomimi with vs Buffons altogether applying their wits to Scurrillities other ridiculous matters Henry Earle of Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyat betweene whom I finde very litle differēce I repute them as before for the two chief lāternes of light to all others that haue since employed their pennes vpon English Poesie their conceits were loftie their stiles stately their conueyance cleanely their termes proper their meetre sweete and well proportioned in all imitating very naturally and studiously their Maister Francis Petrarcha The Lord Vaux his commendatiō lyeth chiefly in the facillitie of his meetre and the aptnesse of his descriptions such as he taketh vpon him to make namely in sundry of his Songs wherein he sheweth the counterfait actiō very liuely pleasantly Of the later sort I thinke thus That for Tragedie the Lord of Buckhurst Maister Edward Ferrys for such doings as I haue sene of theirs do deserue the hyest price Th' Earle of Oxford and Maister Edwardes of her Maiesties Chappell for Comedy and Enterlude For Eglogue and pastorall Poesie Sir Philip Sydney and Maister Challenner and that other Gentleman who wrate the late shepheardes Callender For dittie and amourous Ode I finde Sir Walter Rawleyghs vayne most loftie insolent and passionate Maister Edward Dyar for Elegie most sweete solempne and of high conceit Gascon for a good meeter and for a plentifull vayne Phaer and Golding for a learned and well corrected verse specially in translation cleare and very faithfully answering their authours intent Others haue also written with much facillitie but more commendably perchance if they had not written so much nor so popularly But last in recitall and first in degree is the Queene our soueraigne Lady whose learned delicate noble Muse easily surmounteth all the rest that haue writtē before her time or since for sence sweetnesse and subtillitie be it in Ode Elegie Epigram or any other kinde of poeme Heroick or Lyricke wherein it shall please her Maiestie to employ her penne euen by as much oddes as her owne excellent estate and degree exceedeth all the rest of her most humble vassalls THE SECOND BOOKE OF PROPORTION POETICAL CHAP. I. Of Proportion Poeticall IT is said by such as professe the Mathematicall sciences that all things stand by proportion and that without it nothing could stand to be good or beautiful The Doctors of our Theologie to the same effect but in other termes say that God made the world by number measure and weight some for weight say tune and peraduenture better For weight is a kind of measure or of much conueniencie with it and therefore in their descriptions be alwayes coupled together statica metrica weight and measures Hereupon it seemeth the Philosopher gathers a triple proportion to wit the Arithmeticall the Geometricall and the Musical And by one of these three is euery other proportion guided of the things that haue conueniencie by relation as the visible by light colour and shadow the audible by stirres times and accents the odorable by smelles of sundry temperaments the tastible by sauours to the rate the tangible by his obiectes in this or that regard Of all which we leaue to speake returning to our poeticall proportion which holdeth of the Musical because as we sayd before Poesie is a

them but as our ordinary talke then which nothing can be more vnsauourie and farre from all ciuilitie I remember in the first yeare of Queenes Maries raigne a Knight of Yorkshire was chosen speaker of the Parliament a good gentleman and wise in the affaires of his shire and not vnlearned in the lawes of the Realme but as well for some lack of his teeth as for want of language nothing thing well spoken which at that time and businesse was most behooffull for him to haue bene this man after he had made his Oration to the Queene which ye know is of course to be done at the first assembly of both houses a bencher of the Temple both well learned and very eloquent returning from the Parliament house asked another gentleman his frend how he liked M. Speakers Oration mary quoth th' other me thinks I heard not a better alehouse tale told this seuen yeares This happened because the good old Knight made no difference betweene an Oration or publike speach to be deliuered to th' eare of a Princes Maiestie and state of a Realme then he would haue done of an ordinary tale to be told at his table in the countrey wherein all men know the oddes is very great And though graue and wise counsellours in their consultations doe not vse much superfluous eloquence and also in their iudiciall hearings do much mislike all scholasticall rhetoricks yet in such a case as it may be and as this Parliament was if the Lord Chancelour of England or Archbishop of Canterbury himselfe were to speake he ought to doe it cunningly and eloquently which can not be without the vse of figures and neuerthelesse none impeachment or blemish to the grauitie of their persons or of the cause wherein I report me to thē that knew Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord keeper of the great Seale or the now Lord Treasorer of England and haue bene conuersant with their speaches made in the Parliament house Starrechamber From whose lippes I haue seene to proceede more graue and naturall eloquence then from all the Oratours of Oxford or Cambridge but all is as it is handled and maketh no matter whether the same eloquence be naturall to them or artificiall though I thinke rather naturall yet were they knowen to be learned and not vnskilfull of th' arte when they were yonger men and as learning and arte teacheth a schollar to speake so doth it also teach a counsellour and aswell an old man as a yong and a man in authoritie aswell as a priuate person and a pleader aswell as a preacher euery man after his sort and calling as best becommeth and that speach which becommeth one doth not become another for maners of speaches some serue to work in excesse some in mediocritie some to graue purposes some to light some to be short and brief some to be long some to stirre vp affections some to pacifie and appease them and these common despisers of good vtterance which resteth altogether in figuratiue speaches being well vsed whether it come by nature or by arte or by exercise they be but certaine grosse ignorance of whom it is truly spoken scientia non habet inimicum nisi ignorantem I haue come to the Lord Keeper Sir Nicholas Bacon found him sitting in his gallery alone with the works of Quintilian before him in deede he was a most eloquent man and of rare learning and wisedome as euer I knew England to breed and one that ioyed as much in learned men and men of good witts A Knight of the Queenes priuie chamber once intreated a noble woman of the Court being in great fauour about her Maiestie to th' intent to remoue her from a certaine displeasure which by sinister opinion she had conceiued against a gentleman his friend that it would please her to heare him speake in his own cause not to cōdēne him vpon his aduersaries report God forbid said she he is to wise for me to talke with let him goe and satisfie such a man naming him why quoth the Knight againe had your Ladyship rather heare a man talke like a foole or like a wise man This was because the Lady was a litle peruerse and not disposed to reforme her selfe by hearing reason which none other can so well beate into the ignorant head as the well spoken and eloquent man And because I am so farre waded into this discourse of eloquence and figuratiue speaches I will tell you what hapned on a time my selfe being present when certaine Doctours of the ciuil law were heard in a litigious cause betwixt a man and his wife before a great Magistrat who as they can tell that knew him was a man very well learned and graue but somewhat sowre and of no plausible vtterance the gentlemans chaunce was to say my Lord the simple woman is not so much to blame as her lewde abbettours who by violent perswasions haue lead her into this wilfulnesse Quoth the iudge what neede such eloquent termes in this place the gentleman replied doth your Lordship mislike the terme violent me thinkes I speake it to great purpose for I am sure she would neuer haue done it but by force of perswasion if perswasiōs were not very violent to the minde of man it could not haue wrought so stāge an effect as we read that it did once in Aegypt would haue told the whole tale at large if the Magistrate had not passed it ouer very pleasantly Now to tell you the whole matter as the gentlemā intēded thus it was There came into Aegypt a notable Oratour whose name was Hegesias who inueyed so much against the incōmodities of this transitory life so highly commended death the dispatcher of all euils as a great number of his hearers destroyed themselues some with weapō some with poyson others by drowning and hanging themselues to be rid out of this vale of misery in so much as it was feared least many moe of the people would haue miscaried by occasion of his perswasions if king Ptolome had not made a publicke proclamation that the Oratour should auoyde the countrey and no more be allowed to speake in any matter Whether now perswasions may not be said violent and forcible to simple myndes in speciall I referre it to all mens iudgements that heare the story At least waies I finde this opinion confirmed by a pretie deuise or embleme that Lucianus alleageth he saw in the pourtrait of Hercules within the Citie of Marseills in Prouence where they had figured a lustie old man with a long chayne tyed by one end at his tong by the other end at the peoples eares who stood a farre of and seemed to be drawen to him by the force of that chayne fastned to his tong as who would say by force of his perswasions And to shew more plainly that eloquence is of great force and not as many men thinke amisse the propertie and gift of yong men onely but rather of old

spake amysse I cannot it deny But caused by your great discourtesie And if I said that which I now repent And said it not but by misgouernment Of youthfull yeres your selfe that are so young Pardon for once this error of my tongue And thinke amends can neuer come to late Loue may be curst but loue can neuer hate Speaking before of the figure Synecdoche wee called him Quicke conceit because he inured in a single word onely by way of intendment or large meaning Noema or the Figure of close cōceit but such as was speedily discouered by euery quicke wit as by the halfe to vnderstand the whole and many other waies appearing by the examples But by this figure Noema the obscurity of the sence lieth not in a single word but in an entier speech whereof we do not so easily conceiue the meaning but as it were by coniecture because it is wittie and subtile or darke which makes me therefore call him in our vulgar the Close conceit as he that said by himselfe and his wife I thanke God in fortie winters that we haue liued together neuer any of our neighbours set vs at one meaning that they neuer fell out in all that space which had bene the directer speech and more apert and yet by intendment amounts all to one being neuerthelesse dissemblable and in effect contrary Pawlet Lord Treasorer of England and first Marques of Winchester with the like subtill speech gaue a quippe to Sir William Gyfford who had married the Marques sister and all her life time could neuer loue her nor like of her company but when she was dead made the greatest moane for her in the world and with teares and much lamentation vttered his griefe to the L. Treasorer ô good brother quoth the Marques I am right sory to see you now loue my sister so well meaning that he shewed his loue too late and should haue done it while she was a liue A great counsellour somewhat forgetting his modestie vsed these words Gods lady I reckon my selfe as good a man as he you talke of and yet I am not able to do so Yea sir quoth the party your L. is too good to be a man I would ye were a Saint meaning he would he were dead for none are shrined for Saints before they be dead The Logician vseth a definition to expresse the truth or nature of euery thing by his true kinde and difference Orismus or the Definer of difference as to say wisedome is a prudent and wittie foresight and consideration of humane or worldly actions with their euentes This definition is Logicall The Oratour vseth another maner of definition thus Is this wisedome no it is a certaine subtill knauish craftie wit it is no industrie as ye call it but a certaine busie brainsicknesse for industrie is a liuely and vnweried search and occupation in honest things egernesse is an appetite in base and small matters It serueth many times to great purpose to preuent our aduersaries arguments and take vpon vs to know before what our iudge or aduersary or hearer thinketh and that we will seeme to vtter it before it be spoken or alleaged by them in respect of which boldnesse to enter so deepely into another mans conceit or conscience and to be so priuie of another mans mynde gaue cause that this figure was called the presumptuous I will also call him the figure of presupposall or the preuenter Procatalepsis or the presumptuous otherwise the figure of Presupposall for by reason we suppose before what may be said or perchaunce would be said by our aduersary or any other we do preuent them of their aduantage and do catch the ball as they are wont to say before it come to the ground Paralepsis or the Passager It is also very many times vsed for a good pollicie in pleading or perswasion to make wise as if we set but light of the matter and that therefore we do passe it ouer slightly when in deede we do then intend most effectually and despightfully if it be inuectiue to remember it it is also when we will not seeme to know a thing and yet we know it well inough and may be likened to the maner of women who as the cōmon saying is will say nay and take it I hold my peace and will not say for shame The much vntruth of that vnciuill dame For if I should her coullours kindly blaze It would so make the chast eares amaze c. Commoratio or the figure of abode It is said by maner of a prouerbiall speach that he who findes himselfe well should not wagge euen so the perswader finding a substantiall point in his matter to serue his purpose should dwell vpon that point longer then vpon any other lesse assured and vse all endeuour to maintaine that one as it were to make his chief aboad thereupon for which cause I name him the figure of aboad according to the Latine name Some take it not but for a course of argument therefore hardly may one giue any examples therof Now as arte and good pollicy in perswasion bids vs to abide not to stirre from the point of our most aduantage Metastasis or the flitting figure or the Remoue but the same to enforce and tarry vpon with all possible argument so doth discretion will vs sometimes to flit from one matter to another as a thing meete to be forsaken and another entred vpon I call him therefore the flitting figure or figure of remoue like as the other before was called the figure of aboade Euen so againe Parecnasis or the Stragler as it is wisdome for a perswader to tarrie and make his aboad as long as he may conueniently without tediousnes to the hearer vpon his chiefe proofes or points of the cause tending to his aduantage and likewise to depart againe when time serues and goe to a new matter seruing the purpose aswell So is it requisite many times for him to talke farre from the principall matter and as it were to range aside to th' intent by such extraordinary meane to induce or inferre other matter aswell or better seruing the principal purpose and neuertheles in season to returne home where he first strayed out This maner of speech is termed the figure of digression by the Latines following the Greeke originall we also call him the straggler by allusiō to the souldier that marches out of his array or by those that keepe no order in their marche as the battailes well ranged do of this figure there need be geuen no example Occasion offers many times that our maker as an oratour Expeditio or the speedie dispatcher or perswader or pleader should go roundly to worke and by a quick and swift argument dispatch his perswasion as they are woont to say not to stand all day trifling to no purpose but to rid it out of the way quickly This is done by a manner of speech

In which respect it is to be wished that none Ambassadour speake his principall cōmandements but in his own language or in another as naturall to him as his owne and so it is vsed in all places of the world sauing in England The Princes and their commissioners fearing least otherwise they might vtter any thing to their disaduantage or els to their disgrace and I my selfe hauing seene the Courts of Fraunce Spaine Italie and that of the Empire with many inferior Courts could neuer perceiue that the most noble personages though they knew very well how to speake many forraine languages would at any times that they had bene spoken vnto answere but in their owne the Frenchman in French the Spaniard in Spanish the Italian in Italian and the very Dutch Prince in the Dutch language whether it were more for pride or for feare of any lapse I cannot tell And Henrie Earle of Arundel being an old Courtier and a very princely man in all his actions kept that rule alwaies For on a time passing from England towards Italie by her maiesties licence he was very honorably enterteined at the Court of Brussels by the Lady Duches of Parma Regent there and sitting at a banquet with her where also was the Prince of Orange with all the greatest Princes of the state the Earle though he could reasonably well speake French would not speake one French word but all English whether he asked any question or answered it but all was done by Truchemen In so much as the Prince of Orange maruelling at it looked a side on that part where I stoode a beholder of the feast and sayd I maruell your Noblemen of England doe not desire to be better languaged in the forraine languages This word was by and by reported to the Earle Quoth the Earle againe tell my Lord the Prince that I loue to speake in that language in which I can best vtter my mind and not mistake Another Ambassadour vsed the like ouersight by ouerweening himselfe that he could naturally speake the French tongue whereas in troth he was not skilfull in their termes This Ambassadour being a Bohemian sent from the Emperour to the French Court where after his first audience he was highly feasted and banquetted On a time among other a great Princesse sitting at the table by way of talke asked the Ambassador whether the Empresse his his mistresse when she went a hunting or otherwise trauailed abroad for her solace did ride a horsback or goe in her coach To which the Ambassadour answered vnwares and not knowing the French terme Par ma foy elle cheuauche fort bien si en prend grand plaisir She rides saith he very well and takes great pleasure in it There was good smiling one vpon another of the Ladies and Lords the Ambassador wist not whereat but laughed himselfe for companie This word Cheuaucher in the French tongue hath a reprobate sence specially being spoken of a womans riding And as rude and vnciuill speaches carry a marueilous great indecencie so doe sometimes those that be ouermuch affected and nice or that doe sauour of ignorance or adulation and be in the eare of graue and wise persons no lesse offensiue than the other as when a sutor in Rome came to Tiberius the Emperor and said I would open my case to your Maiestie if it were not to trouble your sacred businesse sacras vestras occupationes as the Historiographer reporteth What meanest thou by that terme quoth the Emperor say laboriosas I pray thee so thou maist truely say and bid him leaue off such affected flattering termes The like vndecencie vsed a Herald at armes sent by Charles the fifth Emperor to Fraunces the first French king bringing him a message of defiance and thinking to qualifie the bitternesse of his message with words pompous and magnificent for the kings honor vsed much this terme sacred Maiestie which was not vsually geuen to the French king but to say for the most part Sire The French king neither liking of his errant nor yet of his pompous speech said somewhat sharply I pray thee good fellow clawe me not where I itch not with thy sacred maiestie but goe to thy businesse and tell thine errand in such termes as are decent betwixt enemies for thy master is not my frend and turned him to a Prince of the bloud who stoode by saying me thinks this fellow speakes like Bishop Nicholas for on Saint Nicholas night commonly the Scholars of the Countrey make them a Bishop who like a foolish boy goeth about blessing and preaching with so childish termes as maketh the people laugh at his foolish counterfaite speeches And yet in speaking or writing of a Princes affaires fortunes there is a certaine Decorum that we may not vse the same termes in their busines as we might very wel doe in a meaner persons the case being all one such reuerence is due to their estates As for example if an Historiographer shal write of an Emperor or King how such a day hee ioyned battel with his enemie and being ouer-laide ranne out of the fielde and tooke his heeles or put spurre to his horse and fled as fast as hee could the termes be not decent but of a meane souldier or captaine it were not vndecently spoken And as one who translating certaine bookes of Virgils Aeneidos into English meetre said that Aeneas was fayne to trudge out of Troy which terme became better to be spoken of a beggar or of a rogue or a lackey for so wee vse to say to such maner of people be trudging hence Another Englishing this word of Virgill fato profugus called Aeneas by fate a fugitiue which was vndecently spoken and not to the Authours intent in the same word for whom he studied by all means to auaunce aboue all other men of the world for vertue and magnanimitie he meant not to make him a fugitiue But by occasion of his great distresses and of the hardnesse of his destinies he would haue it appeare that Aeneas was enforced to flie out of Troy and for many yeeres to be a romer and a wandrer about the world both by land and sea fato profugus and neuer to find any resting place till he came into Italy so as ye may euidētly perceiue in this terme fugitiue a notable indignity offred to that princely person and by th' other word a wanderer none indignitie at all but rather a terme of much loue and commiseration The same translatour when he came to these wordes Insignem pietate virum tot voluere casus tot adire labores compulit Hee turned it thus what moued Iuno to tugge so great a captaine as Aeneas which word tugge spoken in this case is so vndecent as none other coulde haue bene deuised and tooke his first originall from the cart because it signifieth the pull or draught of the oxen or horses and therefore the leathers that beare the chiefe stresse of the draught the cartars