King Edward's Assistance recovers it and does him Homage and swears Fealty for it 1333. And now there happening some disgust between him and Philip de Valois King of France he bethinks himself of his Title to thâ— Crown in right of Isabel his Mother 〈◊〉 which the Banishment of Robert de Artois by King Philip his Brother who fled for safety to him gave him a fair Opportunity Nor was he wanting to it for he not only receiv'd him joyâ—ully but made him Earl of Richmend and of his Council 1336. which he liv'd not long to enjoy for after six years serving him in France he was wounded at the Siege of Vanner and brought to England where he died 1342. The Year following he instituted the Order of the Garter and created his eldest Son Edward Prince of Wales In July 1346. he enters Normandy with a mighty Army and takes the Prince with him who not full Sixteen fought the Battel of Cressy in Picardy on St. Bartholomew's Day the same Year and obtain'd so great a Victory that Callice was forthwith besieg'd and surrender'd Aug. 3. 1347. On which the King took the Title and Arms of France and return'd for England where the Prince Electors signifie to him That they had chosen him King of the Romans which he refused In the Year 1356. the Prince goes over again fights the Battel of Poictiers in Poictou and takes John the French King Prisoner Septemb 19. the same Year Returns for England brings the said King with him whence he was not deliver'd 'till 1360. at what time an Accord had been made on his behalf at Britigny near Chartres During this Cessation with France the Prince of Wales accompanied with his Brother John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster relieves Peter King of Castile and Leon expuls'd by his Bastard-Brother Henry and restor'd him 1367. But little of the Accord with France being perform'd the King upon his return sends the Prince into Acquitain and in a short time the said Duke John and his younger Brother Edmond Earl of Cambridge to aid him to whom his Health failing him he left the profecution of the War and return'd himself 1371. Nor did his Brother John much after him save that coming for England he by reason of the Prince's sickness wholly manag'd his aged Father which being taken notice of by some of the Prince's Friends he is banâ—â—â—'d the Court Not long after which the Prince died 1375 being the Forty ninth of his Father's Reign and Forty sixth of his Age. His Wise was Joan Daughter of Edmond Earl of Kent his Father's Brother by whom he had 1. Edward born at Angoulesm and died young 2. Richard born at Bourdeaux who succeeded his Grandfather As also two Natural Sons 1. Sir John Sounder 2. Sir Reger Clarendon put to death by Henry IV. for endeavouring the Restauration of his said Brother Richard 1402. And now after the Prince's death the Duke of Lancaster came in play again and openly favour'd John Wickliffe to the great disturbance of the State and therefore lest he might do by Richard of Bâ—urdeaux as Earl John had done by his Nephew Arthur the King providently setled the Succession in Parliament upon the said Richard creating him first Earl of Cheste and Câ—rnwal and then Prince of Wales and died June 21. 1377. in the Sixty fourth Year of his Age and Fiftieth of his Reign He had to Wise Philippa of Haynault who bore him Have Daughters 1. Isabel married to Ingelram Lord of Coueâ— Earl of Sâ—â—â—â—â—ns and Bedford afterwards Archduke of Austria 2. Joan to Alphonso II. of Castile by Proxy but die before it was consummated 3. Mary to John Menserd Duke of Bretagne 4. Margaret to John Hastings Earl of Pembrâ—â—â— but died without Issae 5. Also another Daughter Blanch who died young And seven Sons 1. Edward surnamed The Black Prince of whom before 2. William surnamed Of Hatfield the Place of his Birth He died young 3. Lionel born at Antwerp 1338. made Earl of Ulster in Ireland in right of his Wise Elizabeth Daughter of William Burgh Earl of Ulster with whom also he had the Honour of Clare in the County of Thoumond in that Kingdom and thence created Dake of Clarence She brought him one Daughter only Philippa married to Edmond Mortimer Eail of March Mother of Reger Earl of March Father of Anne Countess of Cambridge Grandmother of King Edward IV. 4 John surnamed Of Gaunt where he was hom 1342. Created Duke of Lancaster 1352. He had three Wives 1. Blanch Daughter and Heir of Henry Earl of Lancaster Son of Edmond Crouch back youngest Son of King Henry III. as before by whom he had Henry of Bullenbrook Earl of Derby who usurp'd upon Richard II. and was the first of the Lancastrian Kings His second Wise was Constance eldest Daughter of Peter King of Castile and Leon in whose Right he bore the same Title and had by her Catharine whose Posterity became Kings of Spain in her Right His third Wife was Catharine Widow of Sir Hugh Swinford an English Knight eldest Daughter and Co heir of Pain Red Guien King at Arms her younger Sifter married Sir Jeoffry Chaucer the English Laureat He had by her before Marriage several Children surnamed De Beaufort from a Castle of his in France of that Name where they were born In regard of which they gave a Portcullis for their Cognisance and were all of them legitimated in Parliament 1397. with this Clause nevertheless Excepting the Reg Dignity As 1. John first Knighted and afterwards created Earl of Somerset 1398. 2. Henry afterwards Bishop of Winchester Cardinal of St. Eusebius and Chancellor of England 3. Thomas first created Earl of Dorset 1398. and afterwards Duke of Exeter 1414. 4. And one Daughter Joan first married to Ralph Nevil Baron of Wemm created afterwards the first Earl of West mâ—rland And after him to Robert Ferrers Lord of Owseley 5. Edmond of Langley born 1342. created Earl of Cambridge 1362. Duke of York 1386. He was the first that gave the White Rose and died 1402. His Wife was Isabella youngest Daughter of the said Peter King of Castile by whom he had Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cambridge married to Anne Mortimer Daughter of Roger Earl of March by whom he had Richard Duke of York slain at the Battel of Wakefield 1460. Father of 1. Edward Duke of York who recover'd the Crown from King Henry VI. 2. George Duke of Clarence 3. Richard Duke of Gloucester afterwards King 6. William of Windsor who died young 7. Thomas of Woodstock a Man valiant and wise He was created Earl of Buckingham 1376. then Duke of Gloucester by Richard II. and at last treacherously made away some say strangled at Callice 1397. XII Richard II. born at Bourdeaux 1367. succeeded his Grandfather and was Crown'd July 16. 1377. in the 11th Year of his Age. The Care of him was first committed to certain Bishops and Earls and lastly to Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick 1379. In the Year 1382.
1421. and being not above nine Months old at the death of his Father was proclaimed King of England and France Aug. 30. 1422. and committed to the Custody of Thomas Duke of Exeter and Henry de Beaufort Bishop of Winchester his Uncles John Duke of Bâ—dford and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester having been appointed the former Regent of France the other Protector of England And now Charles VI. of France being also dead the Dauphin his Son cansed himself to be proclaim'd King by the Name of Charles VII On which many of the French Nohility revoked to him Nor was the Regent idle during this time but took several Places of Strength from him gave him a defeat at Cravant in Buâ—goigne 1423 recover'd Campeigne and Crâ—tâ—te beat him a second time at the Battel of Vernoile 1424. and follow'd it with success 'till Montacute Earl of Salisbury being slain by a Great-shot in the Castle of Orleans 1428. the Fortune of the English began to be at a stand For at this Siege it was that the Maid of Orleans or Jean d'Arcque was brought to the said Charles as a Person inspired by God for the delivery of her Country and that Miracles might be expected from her Conduct However it were it so wrought on the Superstition of the People that she may be said to have turn'd again the Fate of France And Charles VII took that heart upon it that he forthwith came before Rheims which was yielded to him and himself Crown'd there 1428. The Year following King Henry went over in Person and was Crown'd in Paris Decemb. 17. 1431. and after a Year's stay there return'd for England Not long after viz Septemb. 14. 1435. the Duke of Bedford died and Richard Duke of York was made Regent but remov'd 1439. and the Earl of Warwick substituted in his room Upon whose death the Duke of York was again made Regent 1441. And upon a Treaty of Peace between the two Kings 1444. William de la Pâ—â—l Earl of Suffolk and others are appointed Commissioners for the King of England But finding nothing like to come of it he proposes a Match between the King and Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou Titular King of Sicily Naples and Jerusalem which however opposed by the Duke of Gloucester Protector of the Realm took that effect that they were married May 18. 1445. And the Duke of York again removed and the Queen and Suffâ—lk by this time made Duke prevail upon the King's Mildness and govern all things at their pleasure This and the like so disgusted the Duke of York that he began to tamper about his Title to the Crown to which the death of the Cardinal of VVinchester 1448. the Exorbitances of Suffolk and the Duke of Gloucester's the main Prop of the House of Lancaster having been discharg'd from the Protectorship imprison'd and sound dead in his Bed the Year before gave no small encouragement All which being turn'd upon Suffolk he is erclaim'd at by the Commons impeach'd by the Lords and thereupon fled for France but taken in his way had his Head struck off against the side of a Cock boat 1450. To him succeeded in equal Favour of the Queen and Hatred of the People Edmond Duke of Somerset And therefore York having gotten to his Party the two Nevils Father and Son the one Earl of Salisbury the other of VVarwick he rais'd Forces under pretext of removing divers Counsellors from about the King and after several Transactions forward and backward worsted the King at the Battel of St. Albany May 23. 1455. where the Duke of Somerset was slain the King taken Prisoner a Parliament call'd the Duke of York declar'd Protector of the Realm and the Earl of VVarwick Captain of Callice All which was again overturn'd by the Queen and her Party the Year following and the Duke of York and his Friends having gotten into Ireland were attainted in Parliament 1459. Notwithstanding which they return again and being headed by Edward Earl of March fight the King at Northampton and take him Prisoner July 9. 1460. On this the Duke of York Father of the said Edward enter'd the House of Lords the Parliament then sitting seated himself in the Throne To whom said he it of right belongeth The Parliament on this openly declar'd for his Title but in regard Henry had been taken as King for Thirty eight Years it was condescended That he should hold the Title and Name of King and have the Possession of the Realm during his natural Life but if he either died resign'd or forfeited the same by breaking or going against any Point of that Accord that then the said Crown and Regal Authority should be immediately devolved and come to the Duke of York if he were then living Or in case he died to the next Heir of his Lineage And that the Duke of York should from thenceforth be Protector and Regent of the Land All which being sworn to by both Parties and enacted in Parliament Novemb. 1. 1461. Richard Duke of York on the Saturday next ensuing was proclaimed Heir Apparent to the Crown and Protector of the Realm During this time the Queen a Lady of a Courage beyond her Sex had rais'd an Army to rescue the King met the Protector at VVakefield the Christmas following where he was routed and slain and King Henry gotten into her hands again The Earl of March on the other hand now Duke of York by the death of his Father lay with Forces in Gloucestershire and upon hearing of this Defeat made to the Queen and worsted her first at Mortimer's Cross near Hereford the Candlemas-day after and on the 17th of the same Month gave her a total defeat near St. Alban's In which yet the most remarkable Man slain was Sir John Gray On which King Henry with the Queen and Prince Edward their Son got into the North and the Duke of York was proclaim'd King in the head of the Army After which King Henry liv'd somewhat more than Ten Years but generally unfortunate as shall be shown in the next Paragraph and at last died in the Tower some say of Grief or as others murder'd by Richard Duke of Gloucester May 23. 1471. in the Fifty second Year of his Age having reigned of that Thirty eight Years His Wife was Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou c. of whom before by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales born at Westminster Octob. 13. 1453. taken at the Battel of Teuxbury of which in the next Paragraph May 4. 1471. and the same day kill'd in cold Blood by George Duke of Clarence and the said Duke of Gloucester XVI And now Edward IV. having taken upon him the Covernment he was as well by Right of Inheritance as the Accord before mentioned proclaimâ—d King throughout London March 4. 1401. Nor was he searce warm in his Seat ere the comoved King Henry return'd out of the North with a mighty Force but was overthrown by King Edward at Tow ton Field
attendance on the Earl their Lord. By which means and several of King Richard's Party falling in with him his Army grew stronger daily and the Lord Stanly who had married the Countess of Richmond Mother to Henry lay hovering with an Army of five thousand Men but durst not declare for him for fear of the Lord Strange his Son whom King Richard kept as an Hostage for his Father 's not acting against him Yet was not Richard so amaz'd at it but that he met his Enemy with a powerful Army at Bosworth near Leicester where in the heat of the Battel the Lord Stanly joyn'd Earl Henry with his fresh Forces as also did Sir William Stanly his Brother with three thousand more and slew King Richard Aug. 22. 1485. whose Crown found among the Spoil he forthwith put on the Head of the said Earl on which he was proclaim'd King by the Army Thus fell that Usurper Richard in the Thirty seventh Year of his Age and Third of his Reign His Wife was Anne youngest Daughter of Richard Earl of Warwick by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales Earl of Chester and Salisbury born in his Uncle King Edward IV.'s Reign An. 1473. of whom before As also a Natural Daughter viz. Catharine Plantagenet But neither of them surviv'd him XIX § VII King Henry VII Son of Edmond Teuther Earl of Richmond by the Lady Margaret Daughter and Heir of John Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John de Beaufort before-mentioned having thus gotten the Victory at Bosworth the first thing he did was to secure Edward Plantagenet Earl of Warwick about Fifteen Years of Age Son of George Duke of Clarence of whom also before kept Prisoner in Yorkshire by King Richard III. together with the Lady Elizabeth the former of which he sent to the Tower the other to her Mother in London whither he follow'd by slow Journies and was Crown'd Octob. 30. the same Year And having call'd a Parliament in which the Inheritance of the Crown of this Realm and France was entail'd on him and the Heirs of his Body he married the said Lady Elizabeth Jan. 18. following In 1486. he call'd another Parliament in which it was enacted That the Queen Dowager Elizabeth should forfeit all her Lands and Possessions because she had voluntarily submitted her sell and her Daughters to Richard III. contrary to her Promise to the Lords c. On which she retir'd to a Nunnery at Bermondsey where she died not many Years after And now such as favour'd the House of York set a Project on foot to lay by King Henry and advance the aforesaid Edward Earl of Warwick to the Crown To which purpose one Richard Simond a crafty Priest of Oxford having a sharp Pupil call'd Lambert Simnell and not unlike the said Earl either for Stature or Years He is pitch'd upon to personate him and take his Name who as was given out had got out of the Tower Nor was it long ere he was so well instructed in the Mien of a Prince and the Lineage he was to pretend to that they adventur'd for Ireland where he was receiv'd as the undoubted Heir of the House of York which the Irish rather favour'd than that of Lancaster Upon advice of this the Earl of Lincoln Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister to King Edward IV. and others his Friends not thinking it meet to neglect so fair an Opportunity got over into Flanders to the Lady Margaret Dutchess Dowager of Burgundy one other Sister of the said King Edward where they met the Lord Lovel who had escap'd from Bosworth and at last concluded among them That Lincoln and Lovel should go into Ireland and there attend upon Lambert and honour him as King and taking with him two thousand Men should with the Power of the Irish Men bring him into England in which if they succeeded Lambert should be laid by and the true Earl of Warwick be deliver'd out of Prison and Crown'd King King Henry on the other hand made no more of it than to expose the Earl of Warwick to a publick view through the City 'till hearing that the Earl of Lincoln was arriv'd in Ireland and had Crown'd Lambert at Dublin with a resolution of coming for England he gather'd a great Army against him who by that time was landed near Lancaster and came forward to Stoke where the King's Forces met him and after a hard-fought Battel and total Overthrow to Lambert he and his Tutor were taken Prisoners June 16. 1487. and being brought to London Lambert was made a Turn-spit in the King's Kitchen and the other as being a Priest committed to perpetual Imprisonment There were also other Insurrections the same Year which the King dispers'd by his Proclamation of Pardon ere it came to the Sword And having made a Truce with Scotland for seven Years Crown'd his Queen Novemb. 25. following About this time the King of France making War upon the Duke of Bretagne King Henry mediates between them But to no effect for upon the death of the said Duke 1488. the King of France over-ran the Dutchy incorporated it to the Crown of France and in 1489. married the Dutchess King Henry lik'd not this new Accession and therefore since nothing else could prevail made War upon France 1490. The Dutchess of Burgundy laid hold of the Occasion and brings upon the Stage one Peter or Perkin Warbeck to take on him the Name and Person of Richard Duke of York second Son of King Edward IV. her Brother not murder'd in the Tower as she gave it abroad but escap'd into Ireland whither she had underhand sent him In which he acted his Part so well that he was taken for what he personated 1491. The French King being advertis'd thereof sent for him out of Ireland to the intent to arm him against King Henry who was then invading France gave him a Royal Reception and assign'd him a Guard On which several of the English got over to him But it so happening that the two Kings were made Friends Perkin was dismiss'd and with his Followers went to the Dutchess of Burgundy who joyfully welcom'd him yet seeming as if she had never seen him solemnly examin'd him Of his escape from being murder'd In what Countries he had wandred By what means he had found Friends and What Chance of Fortune had brought him to her Court. To all which he made such direct Answers that she assign'd him a Princely Guard and call'd him The White Rose of England 1492. And to the end the truth of the matter might be the better known Sir Robert Clifford and one William Barely are by the common Consent of such as favour'd the House of York sent over to the Dutchess to declare their Intentions concerning him Which when she had heard she brought them to Perkin who so well humour'd the thing that Sir Robert wrote back to them and to put them out of doubt affirm'd That he knew him to be
Provence by whom he had two Daughters and six Sons His Daughters 1. Margaret married to Alexander III. King of Scots 2. Beatrice to John I. Duke of Bretain Of his Sons two only surviv'd him 1. Edward I. who succeeded his Father 2. Edmond surnamed Crouch back Earl of Lancaster Father of Thomas who had Issue Henry Earl of Lancaster whose Daughter Blanche was married to John of Gaune fourth Son of King Edward III. of whom more hereafter IX § V. Edward I. born 1240. surnamed Longshanks had under taken the Cross and was in the Holy Land when his Father died However he is proclaim'd King and Fealty sworn to him tho' it were not known whether he were living or dead Upon his return he was Crown'd Aug. 15. 1274. He had found by Experience the Ecclesiastical Power too strong for the Soveraignty whenever they combin'd with the Lay-Nobility and therefore retrench'd them of their Privileges whilst he was in the Opinion and Estimation of the World and in 1275. got the Statute of Mortmain to be enacted whereby to hinder the encrease of their Temporal Possessions and not long after clipp'd the Jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical Judges He slew Leoline the last of the Welsh Princes in Battel and united Wales to the Crown of England 1283. He banish'd the Jews and vacated all their Sureties 1293. He was made Umpire between John Baliol and Robert Bruce for the Crown of Scotland and determined for Baliol who did him Homage 1294. which he afterwards renounc'd but upon the King's entry into Scotland submits and is sent Prisoner into England However the Scots being gotten together under Wallace their Head the King pursued his Enterprize gave them a total Rout at a place call'd Fenkirk and having abolish'd their ancient Laws return'd and brought all their Records and other Evidences of Antiquity with him 1299. On this Robert Bruce Son of Robert the Competitor gets into Scotland where he is received and Crown'd 1306. Is defeated by the Earl of Pembroke 1307. Bruce recovers new Forces the King re-enters Scotland and dies of a Flux July 7. the same Year being the Sixty eighth of his Age and Thirty fifth of his Reign His first Wife was Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand III. King of Castile by whom he had nine Daughters 1. Eleanor married to John Earl of Bar. 2. Joan to Gilbert Earl of Gloucester 3. Margaret to John Duke of Brabant 4. Mary a Nun of Amsbury 5. Elizabeth to John Earl of Holland and after him to Humphrey Bohun Earl of Hereford The rest died young Of his Four Sons Only Edward surviv'd him and was the first Prince of Wales His second Wife was Margaret eldest Daughter of Philip the Bold King of France by whom he had two Sons 1. Thomas of Brotherton Lord Marshal of England and Earl of Norfolk 2. Edmond Earl of Kent beheaded 1328. for endeavouring the Restauration of his deposed Brother King Edward II. X. Edward II. born at Carnarvan 1285. created Prince of Wales March 15. 1304. Crowned Feb. 24. 1307. In 1308. he caused all the Knights Templars throughout England and Ireland to be apprehended and their Order to be dissolv'd as afterwards were the Knights of Rhodes by King Henry VIII 1540. and theiâ— Lands and Possessions seiz'd He seems to have come in with much Expectation but soon lost it by means of a Favourite of his Pierce Gaveston banish'd by his Father but re call'd by him and made Earl of Cornwal Lord of Man and High Chamberlain which so incensed the Nobility that the King is forc'd to banish him more than once but as often re-calling him They take Arms under Thomas Earl of Lancaster their Leader Son of Edmond second Son of King Henry III. whom the Mobb call'd King Arthur and having taken him at Scarborough Castle strike off his Head 1312. During this Disorder at home Bruce was become powerful in Scotland the King enters upon him with a vast Army and is totally routed by him at a place call'd Bannock-Bourn 1314. This and his making Hugh Spencer Earl of Gloucester Son of Hugh Spencer Earl of Winchester Successor in the Office and Favour of the said Gaveston so heightned the former Discontent which was in a manner allay'd that both sides arm anew But the King gets the better takes the Earl of Lancaster and beheads him before his own Castle of Pomfret 1322. Yet this lasted not long for having sent the Queen and his Son the Prince into France instead of accommodating Matters she contracts her Son to Philippa Daughter of William III. Earl of Hainault by whose and the Earl of Holland's assistance she returns with an Army and with her the Prince and Roger Mortimer Lord of Wigmore lately escaped out of the Tower of London but afterwards made Earl of the Marches of Wales by King Edward III. And having taken Bristol with Hugh Spencer the Father in it she caused him to be hanged and quartered without Trial 1326. The King Spencer the Son and others had put to Sea for Ireland but were beaten upon the Coast of Wales where they lay hid for a while in the Abbey of Neth but being discovered Spencer had the same fate with his Father The King was imprison'd and a Parliament call'd to meet at London where upon several Articles exhibited against him it is agreed to depose him as unfit to Govern and elect the Prince his Son Upon which he voluntarily resign'd his Crown to him 1327. in the Nineteenth Year of his Reign About eight Months after which he was most barbarously murdered in Berkley Castle in the â—â—â—â—ty third Year of his Age. His Wife was 〈◊〉 Laughter of Philip the Fair by whom â—he had 1. Joan married to David Prince of Scotland 2. Eleanor to the Dake of Gelders And two Sons 1. Edward born at Windsor 1313. set up to the Crown his Father yet living 2. John of Eltham created Earl of Cornwal 1315. and died in the flower of his Youth in Scotland XI Upon the Resignation of Edward II. his Son Edward III. of the Age of Fourteen Years began his Reign Jan. 20. 1327 and was Crown'd the 25th following The Queen seems heavy at it but being pacified by aâ— Augmentation of Joynture the management of Assairs is committed to five Bishops and seven Temporal Lords 'till the King were or Years to Govern but the Queen and Mortimer act all The Scots enter England and are suffer'd to escape and in 1328. a dishonest rable Peace is made with them To confirm which Joan the King's Sister is married to David Pruce Prince of Scotland and amongst other things the Ragman Roll and Black-Crosâ— of Scotland are given back to them and the King by the working of the Queen and Mâ—â—timer surrenders his Title to the Soveraignty of Scotland and all Evidences relating thereunto For which Mortimer is impeach'd is Parliament and hang'd at Tyburn Nor laster the Peace long for Edward Baliol Son of the aforesaid John Baliol sets up for that Crown and by
Daughter Elizabeth who afterwards was Queen Septemb 10. following And lastly after a like Divorce beheaded with a Sword May 19. 1536. Three days after whose death some say sooner he married the Lady Jane Seimour Daughter of Sir John Seimour who brought him a Son Prince Edward who succeeded him October the 12th 1537. and died two days after During this â—ime the Cardinal with the King's leave was on his Journey for York but arrested of High-Treason by the way and died at Leicester Abbey Nov. 30. 1530. ere he could reach London To him succeeded in Favour and Power his Servant Cromwell the occasion thus The Cardinal had by the Pope's License suppress'd some small Religious Houses for the Endowment of his Colleges of Christ's Church in Oxford and Ipswich which the King made use of as a Wimble to let in the greater Augre and Cromwell his Instrument for suppressing the rest If they voluntarily surrender'd they went off with Pensions if otherwise and that they defended their Possessions they ran Whiting the Abbot of Glastenbury's Fate to be hang'd for taking Arms against the King From which Beginnings there were first and last dissolved Monasteries 645. whereof 26 had Place and Voice among the Peers Colleges 90. Chauntries and Free-Chappels 2374. Hospitals 110. Nor was the King wanting to give him a Figure suitable to the Undertaking for in the compass of three Years he made him Master of the Jewel-House a Privy Councellor Secretary Master of the Rolls Lord Privy-Seal and Baron Cromwell July 10. 1536. Vicegerent in Spiritualibus the 18th of the same Month Knight of the Garter April 23. 1538. Earl of Essex and Lord High Chamberlain of England April 18. 1540. And his Son Gregory Baron of Okeham which Title remain'd in his Family 'till by the death of Vere Cromwell late Earl of Ardglas in Ireland without Issue Male it was extinct 1686. The King had now been a Widower two Years when Cromwell thinking to rivet himself in the King's Favour by a Queen of his making negotiated a Match for him with Anne Sister of William Duke of Cleve c. who was married to him Jan 6. 1540. But the King not liking her they were divorc'd by Act of Parliament upon her own Consent she renouncing the Title of Queen for that of the King 's adopted Sister And with this Match fell Cromwell for it brought him into the King's disfavour Nor wanted he Enemies to load him by whose procurement he was committed to the Tower July 9. 1540. and the King having No More need of him attainted in Parliament of High Treason and Heresie without so much as being call'd to answer and thereupon beheaded the 19th of the same Month. His FIFTH Wife was the Lady Catharine Howard Daughter of Edmond third Son of Thomas first Duke of Norfolk whom also he attainted in Parliament and beheaded Feb. 13. 1541. The Year following the Title of Lord of Ireland was by the respective Parliaments of both Kingdoms alter'd into that of King of Ireland And to encourage such of the Irish Nobility as came in to him he created O Brian Earl of Thoumond June 3. 1543. And Mac-William a-Burgh Earl of Clanricart July 1. following and 12th of the same Month married the Lady Catharine Parr Widow of the Lord Latimer who had the luck to survive him and was afterwards married to the Lord Admiral Seimour Nor had he after that Year the opportunity of doing much saving that he landed an Army in Scotland under the Conduct of the Lord Admiral Dudley who burnt Lieth to the ground forc'd Edinburgh and having fir'd it as also Thirty other Towns and Villages came back for England by Berwick 1544. And to close the last Scene of his Life he made a Royal Voyage into France and besieg'd Boloigne which by the Personal Courage and Conduct of the said Lord Admiral was surrender'd and the King rode triumphantly into it Sept. 8. the same Year and made him Governour thereof For the recovery of this the French made several attempts but all unsuccessful Whereupon it was at last concluded between the two Kings That if the King of France paid the King of England 800000 Crowns in eight Years he should have Boloigne restor'd to him and that in the mean time it should remain in the King of England's hands as a Security for the Money June 7. 1547. After which falling into a Dropsie he died Jan. 28. following being the Fifty fifth Year of his Age and Thirty seventh of his Reign He had the Soul of a Prince Magnificent and Liberal and whatever may be said of King-Craft understood what it was to be a King Nor were the Popes Julius II. and Leo X. less sensible of it which made them so forward to have engag'd him to their Interest For the former having by a Decree of the Council of Lateran depriv'd the King of France of the Title of Christianissimus transferr'd it to him but died before the Bull was sent over 1514. and the latter granted to him Poster is suis the Title of Defensor Fidei 1521. His Wives as hath been said were SIX but he had Issue only by the Three first viz. By Queen Catharine 1. Henry Tudor born Jan. 1. 1509. and died Feb. 22. following 2. Another not Named born 1514. but liv'd not long 3. Mary Tudor born Feb. 18. 1518. and afterwards came to be Queen of England By Queen Anne Bullen 1. Elizabeth Tudor born Septemb. 10. 1533. who succeeded her Half Sister Mary in the Crown 2. A Male-Child still-born Feb. 29. 1535. By Queen Jane Edward born as before made Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Earl of Chester Octob. 18. 1537. His Natural Issue Henry surnam'd Fitz Roy begotten on the Lady Elizabeth Talbois Daughter of Sir John Blount Kt. and Widow of Sir Gilbert Talbois created Earl of Nottingham June 18. 1525. and the same day Duke of Richmond and Somerset Died without Issue his Father living 1536. XXI To his Father succeeded his only Son Prince Edward VI. a Protestant to whom being yet but Nine Years of Age his Mother's Brother Sir Edward Seimour created Viscount Beauchamp 1536. Earl of Hertford 1538. was appointed Governour proclaimed Lord Protector Feb. 1. 1547. and made Duke of Somerset the 17th of the same Month At which time also his younger Brother Sir Thomas Seimour was made Lord Sudley and High Admiral of England the late Lord Admiral Dudley Earl of Warwick the Lord Chancellor Wriothsley Earl of Southampton and the King Crown'd the 25th following Whereupon the REFORMATION began but the Lord Chancellor seeming averse to it was remov'd from the Privy-Council discharg'd of all his Offices and Sir William Pawlett Lord St. John made Chancellor in his room In which Year the Parliament having given the King Free-Chappels c. he set out the Free-Chappel of St. Stephen founded by King Stephen for a place of Sitting for the House of Commons which before that time had been in the Chapter House of the
Abbot of Westminster And now Commissioners being appointed for matter of Religion not yet disannull'd by Parliament it came into the Protector 's and Council's mind of a Match that upon the death of King James V. King of Scotland had been treated and concluded by the Parliament of that Kingdom with King Henry VIII for the Prince his Son now King with the Lady Mary their young Queen sole Daughter and Heir of the said James and which by the Contrivance of Cardinal Beaton Archbishop of St. Andrew's was now obstructed to the intent of marrying her to Francis Dauphin of France as it afterwards took effect April 24. 1558. To have prevented this an Army is rais'd and Scotland invaded by Sea and Land where after several Skirmishes the Protector engag'd them at Fauxside and Musleborough whence after a great Slaughter and having secur'd a Footing in the Country he return'd for England the September following But as to the young Queen did so little good that it was doubted Whether this Army and that too for a great part Foreigners was rather rais'd to force a Princess out of her own Country to the Marriage of a Prince not yet ripe for her than to secure himself at home During this and his Brother the Lord Admiral 's absence in Scotland whether it were that the Protector 's Wife could not brook the Queen Dowager Parr her Husband 's the Admiral 's younger Brother's Wife to take place of her or that the Admiral kept not thorough-pace with him there grew such a feud between the Brothers that cost them both their Heads For within a Year and half after their return the Admiral was sent to the Tower and without Trial attainted in Parliament and thereupon beheaded March 20. 1549. Nor had he recover'd this false Step before he made another in slipping an Opportunity that play'd into his hand for the Commissioners having thrown all Images and what thereunto appertain'd out of the Churches and the Parliament abolish'd the Missal and enjoyn'd a New Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments in its room the Cornish Men first and after them Oxfordshire Bucking hamshire Norfolk York and others ran into Rebellion which he fortunately suppress'd and thereby became Master of an Army which he might have wrought to any thing at least crush'd his disguis'd Friend but secret Enemy the Earl of Warwick who had stola the Lords of the Council from him and now jointly impeach'd him as the occasion of the late Tumults and at the same time pray the City and the Commons to aid them to take him from the King Whereupon he is committed to the Tower Octob. 14 following and having not Interest enough to hinder the said Earl from being made Lord High-Chamberlain he tamely submitted to a Marriage between the Earl's eldest Son and his eldest Daughter and got his Liberty for that time But this patch'd Friendship lasted not above two Years for the Earl of Warwick being made Duke of Northumberland and the Lord Henry Gray Marquess of Dorset his Consident Duke of Suffolk Octob. 11. 1551. and now Governing all the late Protector was within five days after again committed to the Tower and convicted of Felony upon a Statute of his own making viz. For purposing and attempting the Lives of the said Northumberland and Suffolk two of the King's Privy-Council which by that Statute was made Felony On which he was beheaded Jan. 22. following And the King left so unguarded by any but themselves and their Creatures that it seem'd no difficulty to bring the Crown into their own Families To this purpose a Marriage is contriv'd between the Lord Guilford Dudley Fourth Son of the said Duke of Northumberland and the Lady Jane Gray eldest Daughter of the said Duke of Suffolk by Frances Daughter of Mary Sister of King Henry VIII of whom before and that so cover'd under the specious Pretence of securing the Protestant Religion against the Lady Mary the King's Sister a Catholick that the King not only further'd it but being in a sickly condition did by his last Will and Testament declare the said Lady Jane Gray to be Rightful Heir in Succession to the Crown of England To which also besides the Lords of the Council all the Judges subscrib'd their Names excepting only Sir James Hales one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas who would neither by Word nor Writing give his Assent to the disherison of Queen Mary Not long after which the King died to wit July 6. 1553. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age and Seventh of his Reign but unmarried and Childless and might perhaps have liv'd longer if he had not been a King Three days after the Lady Jane Gray was proclaimed Queen and the same day the Lady Mary Sister of the last King Edward and eldest Daughter of King Henry VIII sent a Letter to the Lords of the Council thereby claiming the Crown by Right of Succession and requiring them upon their Allegiance to have her proclaim'd Queen Which being sleighted by them she withdrew to her Castle of Fremingham whither several of the Nobility and Gentry repair to her The Council on the other hand dispatch the Duke of Northumberland after her but the Men of Suffolk first and after them those of Oxfordshire Northampton and Norfolk came in so thick to her and six Ships of War declaring for her the Council at London proclaim her Queen the 19th of the same Month left the Duke of Northumberland to shift for himself and secur'd the Lady Jane and her Husband in the Tower XXII Queen Mary a Catholick being thus proclaim'd the Duke of Northumberland was arrested at Cambridge and brought to the Tower and together with the Marquess of Northampton and the Earl of Warwick Son and Heir of the said Duke arraign'd of High-Treason before Thomas Duke of Norfolk Lord High-Steward of England where praying the Opinion of the Court Whether a Man doing an Act by Authority of the Prince's Council and by Warrant of the Great Seal of England and doing nothing without the same may be charg'd with Treason for any thing done by virtue of the same And being answer'd That the Great Seal which he laid for his Warrant was not the Seal of the Lawful Queen of the Realm but the Seal of an Usurper and therefore no Warrant to him he confess'd the Indictment as also did the other two and had Judgment as in Cases of High-Treason Aug. 18. the same Year On which the said Duke was beheaded the 22d and Queen Mary Crown'd Octob. 1. following At which time also she publish'd a General Pardon in which notwithstanding were excepted by Name the Archbishops of Canterbury and York the Bishop of London and others of the Clergy and the two Chief Justices Sir Edward Montacute and Sir Roger Cholmley with other Men of the Law for counselling or at least consenting to the Deprivation of Queen Mary and aiding the aforesaid Duke of Northumberland in the pretended Right of
Fifty eighth Year of his Age and of his Reign of England the Twenty second and of Scotland the Fifty sixth He had but one Wife viz. Queen Anne of whom before and by her 1. Henry Friderick Stuart Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Rothsey and Earl of Chester born in Scotland Feb. 19. 1593. died Nov. 6. 1612. 2. Robert Stuart born and died very young in Scotland 3. Elizabeth Stuart Queen of Bohemia and Princess Palatine of the Rhine born Aug. 19. 1596. in Scotland died Feb. 13. 1661. 4. Margaret Stuart born in Scotland Decemb 24. 1598. died young 5. Charles Stuart Duke of York and Albany born Novemb. 19. 1600. succeeded his Father 6. Mary Stuart born in England March-1605 died two Years after And 7. Sophia Stuart born in England June 21. 1606. died two days after XXV To his Father his elder Brother being dead succeeded Charles the First of that Name about the Age of Twenty five Years and was proclaim'd King the same Day his Father died The Solemnity of whose Funerals being over the first thing he did was to hasten the coming over of the Queen to whom he was married by Proxy at Paris May 1. and consummated at Canterbury June 13. following Of this Prince it may be truly said He was a Man of Sorrows And yet if there be any thing in History to be named before him it is not that He was less able but their Times better Therefore for the truer understanding of both it is the least Justice we can do His MEMORY to consider under what ill Circumstances He came to the Crown There had follow'd his Father out of Scotland Two Sorts of People the One purely for the Loaves the Other to double the Interest of that Doctrine that had forc'd his Mother out of Her Kingdom who kept himself so long in Pupillage and to which England was not so altogether a Stranger but that they found the Lump leven'd to their hand Some like them calling also themselves the Lord's Ambassadours and pretending a Right from God to Govern every one his Parish and their Assembly the whole Nation Others and those different in Opinions among themselves that would have all Congregations free and independent upon one another Others That held Christ's Personal Reign was at this time to begin upon Earth and therefore would have no other King but King Jesus Besides several others from the first Litter yet every of them desending its Sect by Scripture according to the narrow scantling of their own Interpretations These again meeting with a Purse-proud City a poor Crown and a Gentry that no less affected a Popular Government in the State than themselves did in the Church Both cry up Liberty and inveigh against Tyranny that is whatever they were not themselves And so what wonder of those Consequents that embroil'd the King's Reign The ill Effects of which too many have seen and may perhaps be felt the next Century However the King having summon'd his Parliament to meet at Westminster June 18. aforesaid he told them That at their earnest Entreaty in March 1623. his Father had taken Arms for the recovery of the Palatinate which with the Crown was now devolv'd upon Himself That the Supplies already given held no proportion with the Charge of the Enterprize That the Eyes of all Europe were upon him and a Failure in this his first Attempt would be a Blemish to his futare Honour And therefore desired them if not for His for their Own Reputation to deliver him fairly out of that War wherewith themselves had incumbred him by an expeditious Supply On which the Commons gave Two Subsidies and the Clergy Three and the Parliament by reason of the Plague was adjourn'd to Oxford to be held there Aug. 1. following where the King briefly acquaints them with his Wants in order to the design 's Expedition They on the other hand petition against Popish Recusants and receive from him a satisfactory Answer but instead of a Supply debate a Remonstrance of Grievances to be first redress'd before a Supply given So that not agreeing who should be first trusted the King or Themselves the Parliament was dissolv'd and another summon'd to meet at Westminster the next 6th of February The Candlemas Day before which the King was solemnly Crown'd But here also the King met no better success than he had in his first For the Commons began where they left at Oxford with Religion and Grievances And to add to it it fell unfortunately that the Earl of Bristal being under restraint the King had sent him no Writ of Summons to the Parliament whereupon he petitions the Peers That being a Peer of the Realm he had not receiv'd a Writ of Summons and therefore pray'd the Benefit of his Peerage and that if any Charge were against him he might be Tried in Parliament Upon which and the Request of the Peers his Writ was sent him with a Letter from the Lord Keeper That though his Majesty had awarded him the Writ yet 〈◊〉 was his Pleasure that his Personal Attendance should be forborn This Letter the Earl sent to the Lords with a second Petition beseeching to be heard both as to his wrongful Restraint and what he had to say Against the Duke of Buckingham This alarm'd the Duke whom the Commons already beheld with no good Eye and therefore to begin with him first the Duke prevails with the King to command the Attorney-General to Common him to the Lord's Barr as a Delinquent where he appear'd May 1. and was by Mr. Attorney charg'd with Eleven Articles of High-Treason But before they were read the Earl said My Lords I am a Free-man and a Peer of the Realm unattainted I have somewhat of high Consequence to his Majesty's Service and beseech your Lordships to give me leave to speak The Lords bade him go on Then said he I accuse that Man the Duke of Buckingham of High-Treason And immediately presented Twelve Articles against him After which the Articles against the Earl being read and himself committed to the Black-Rod the House order'd That the King's Charge against the Earl should be first proceeded on before that of the Earl against the Duke And now the Ice thus broken the Common by eight of their own Members sent up Thirteen Articles of high Offences and Misdemeanours against the Duke which he answer'd with so much modesty that it much abated the Heat that many had against him And in regard the matters charged had been transcted in King James's time he claim'd the Benefit of the Pardon of the Twenty first of King James and the present King's Coronation Pardon On which the Commons thus dâ—â—appointed having prepared a Declaration of the same nature with their Impeachment the Parliament was dissolv'd by Commission June 14. 1626. and no Supply given By which means the Relief then setting forth for Rochel staid so late in the Year that they were dispers'd with ill Weather and forc'd to return without doing
§ I. THo' the Dukes of Savoy may not improperly be referred to Germany and contained in the Upper-Circle of the Rhine yet because they are possessed of all Piemont in Italy as also many places in France we thought more convenient to treat of 'em in this place Now this Family is justly to be numbred amongst those of the greatest Antiquity since little that is certain can be spoke of its Original by reason thereof This nevertheless is without Dispute That Beraldus Marquess of Italy Earl of Savoy and Maurienne flourish'd in the beginning of the Eleventh Century and died about the Year 1023. His Son was Humbert the First surnamed Albimanus Earl of Savoy and Maurienne Lord of Chabais and Valois who departed this Life in the Year 1048. being succeeded by his Son Otho Earl of Savoy and Maurienne Lord of Chablais Valois and Aouste Marquess of Italy and Susa and Duke of Turin who died in 1091. This Otho was succeeded by his Brother Amadeus the Second for his Elder Brother Caudatus died before his Father who begat Humbert the Second Earl of Savoy Maurienne and Piemont Lord of Chablais Aouste and Tarento Marquess of Susa and Italy which Humbert departed this Life on Nov. 18. 1103. and left the Government of his Provinces to his Eldest Son Amadeus the Third who died at Nicâ—sia in an Expedition to the Holy Land on Apr. 1. 1149. Amadeus the Third was followed by his Son Humbert the Third surnamed The Saint who died March 4. 1186. Humbert's Son and Successor was Thomas the First Earl of Savoy c. and Vicar-General of the Empire in Lombardy and Piemont born May 20. 1177. deceased Jan. 20. 1233. This Prince lest many Children whereof we shall mention only Three and as serviceable to present purpose namely Amadeus the Fourth Thomas the Second and Philip. Amadeus the Eldest of the Three succeeded his Father and begat Boniface surnamed Roland which Boniface died without Issue in 1263. and was succeeded by his Uncle Philip who likewise had the same Fate Nov. 17. 1285. § II. Return we therefore to Thomas who departed this Life in the Year 1259. leaving Mac Three Sons whose Names were 1. Thomas of Savoy the Third of that Name born 1248. deceased 1282. whose Son Philip obtained all Piemont except the Marquisate of Susa upon the death of his Great Uncle Duke Philip without Issue where his Posterity ruled till the Year 1418. at which time it became extinct in Prince Lewis of Savoy 2. Amadeus the Fifth who in the division of Duke Philip's Inheritance 'twixt him and his Nephew Philip had the County of Savoy c. for his Lot Of this Prince more below 3. Lewis of Savoy Baron of Vaud whose Posterity failed in another Lewis An. 1350. Amadeus the Fifth by reason of his great Exploits surnamed The Great was born in 1249. and died Oct. 16. 1323. In 1310. he was created a Prince of the Empire by the Emperor Henry the Sixth The Children that survived him were 1. Edward born 1284. who succeeded him but died without Issue 1329. And 2. Aymon surnamed Pacificus or Peace-maker born Dec. 15. 1291. who succeeded his Brother Edward and died June 1343. leaving the Government to his Son Amadeus the Sixth who died in the Year 1383. and was succeeded by his Son Amadeus the Seventh surnamed The Red who begat Amadeus the Eighth of whom in the next Section § III. Amadeus the Eighth was born Sept. 4. 1383. and created Duke of Savoy by the Emperor Sigismund on Feb. 19. 1416. In 1418. Piemont in Italy c. fell to him upon the death of his Cousin Lewis without Issue In 1434. he gave up the Government to his Son Lewis betaking himself to an Ecclesiastick Life and died in the Year 1451. Lewis who succeeded him was born 1402. married Anne Lusignan Daughter to Jean King of Cyprus An. 1432. and died 1465. Amongst the Children that survived we find 1. Amadeus the Ninth who succeeded him and died 1472. being succeeded himself by his Son Charles the Second Duke of Savoy who died 1490. leaving his Son Charles John Amadeus Duke of Savoy and King of Cyprus born 1448. to succeed him This Charles John died Childless An. 1496. 2. Philip surnamed Sans Terrae or Lack-land born Feb. 5 1438. nevertheless in the extremity of his Age he came to be Duke and Heir to a farthing to all the Lands and Estates of his Grand-Nephew Duke Charles John Amadeus above-mentioned He departed this Life on Nov. 7. 1497. and left the Government to his Son 1. Philibert the Second born 1480. deceased without Issue Sept. 10. 1504. whereupon the Government fell to his Brother 2. Charles the Third born 1486. deceased 1553. whose Son was Emanuel Philibert of whom in the next Section § IV. Emanuel Philibert was born July 1 1428. and from his very Youth proved himself an excellent Souldier in the Service of the Emperour Charles V. On July 9. 1559. he married Margaret Daughter to Francis I. King of France and died Aug. 30. 1580. leaving only a Son Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy and King of Cyprus born Jan. 12. 1562. a Prince to use the Words of the Learned Im. Hoff in his Geneal Gall. of sublime Parts and happy Memory excellently well read in all sorts of Learning especially Mathematicks He had a very sharp War with the French but with bad success On March 11. 1685. he married Catharina Michaelis of the House of Austria Daughter to Philip II. King of Spain and died July 26. 1630. leaving Issue 1. Philip Emanuel Prince of Piemont born 1586. deceased 1605. 2. Victor Amadeus of whom in the next § 3. Emanuel Philibert Knight of Jerusalem Prince of Oneglia and Vice Roy of Sicily born 1588. deceased at Palermo 1624. 4. Margaret born April 28. 1589. married to Francis Gonzaga Duke of Mantua 1608. deceased June 26. 1655. 5. Isabel born March 11. 1591. and married to Alphonsus of Este Duke of Modena She died 1626. 6. Maurice Cardinal of S.R. E. born Jan. 10. 1593. but afterwards coming to be Prince of Oneglia he married Aboisia Mary his Brother Amadeus's Daughter yet died without Issue Oct. 4. 1657. 7. Mary a profess'd Nun she died 1656. 8. Frances Catharine she was likewise profess'd and died 1641. 9. Thomas Francis Prince of Carignan Dec. 21. 1596. of whom in the last § 10 Joan born and deceased the same Year viz. 1597. § V. 'T is now time Victor Amadeus again appear He was born May 3. 1587. and succeeded his Father in the Dutchy of Savoy This Prince was a great Lover of Peace nevertheless a new War breaking out 'twixt France and Spain he declared for the first which involv'd him in so many Difficulties that being oppress'd by 'em he fell into a Fever whereof he died in a few Days Oct. 7. 1637. His Dutchess was Daughter to King Henry IV. of France by whom he had Issue as followeth viz. 1. Aloisia Mary Christina born July 27. 1629. and married to
born Feb. 11. 1466. design'd Wife to George Nevil Duke of Bedford promised afterwards to the Dauphin courted by her Uncle King Richard III. but at last married to King Henry VII 2. Cecilia to the Viscount VVells and after his decease to Kyme of Lincolnshire 3. Anne to Thomas Lord Howard afterwards Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk 4. Bridget born Novemb. 10. 1480. profess'd in the Nunnery of Dartford 5. Mary promised in Marriage to the King of Denmark but died before its Consummation 6. Margaret born April 19. 1472. died in her Infancy 7. Catharine married to the Lord VVilliam Courtney Son to the Earl of Devonshire His Sons 1. Edward Prince of VVales born Nov. 4. 1470. 2. Richard Duke of York and Norfolk Earl of Nottingham and VVarren both murder'd by the procurement of the Duke of Gloucester their Uncle 1483. 3. George Duke of Bedford died an Infant His Natural Issue Arthur to whom he gave the Name of Plantagenet created Viscount Lisle by King Henry VIII 1523. and died 1542. As also one Daughter Elizabeth Plantagenet married to the Lord Lumley XVII Edward V. succeeded his Father in Title though not in the Crown for being not above Thirteen Years of Age at the death of his Father Sir Anthony VVoodvile Lord Rivers his Mother's Brother was appointed Governour to him and with Richard Gray Marquess of Dorset his Half-brother by the Mother sent to conduct him from Ludlow where he then was to London And on this the Duke of Gloucester his Uncle lays the Foundation of his design'd Usurpation and in order to it there having been some secret Grudge between Edward Duke of Buckingham his Creature and VVilliam Lord Hastings then Lord Chamberlain both Enemies of the Queen's he first reconciles them and then rells them how unreasonable it was that the young King their Master should be in the hands of his Mother's Kinred a new Nobility a thing neither Honourable to his Majesty nor them Whereupon it is agreed That they be remov'd as Enemies On this Gloucester and Buckingham meet the King with all Obedience at Stony Stratford and having secur'd the Lord Rivers and Dorset whom they shortly after beheaded at Powfret bring him to London May 4. 1483. the Queen upon hearing what had pass'd having with her younger Son and Daughters taken sanctuary at Westminster On which the Duke of Gloucester is made Protector of the Realm The next device was how to get the young Duke out of his Mother's hands which she as suspecting the design will by no means consent to However at last what with the Assurance of several of the Privy Council for his safety and Threats of forcing the Sanctuary for him he is deliver'd to the Protector who with all seeming joy brings him to the King his Brother into the Bishop of London's Palace at St. Paul's and thence honourably through the City for the King's security as was given out until his Coronation The Protector all along had made his residence near the Tower and having so tangled Buckingham that he could not safely get off he comes to the point with him on which it is agreed between them That the Protector should have the Duke's aid to make him King and that the Protector 's Son should marry the Duke's Daughter with a Grant to himself of the Earldom of Hereford which he claimed as his Inheritance but could never obtain it in King Edward's time Whereupon Buckingham undertakes for the City with whom he was not the least popular The King now having his Court in the Tower the Council meet there for ordering the Solemnity of his Coronation which was carried on with such forwardness and the Day appointed for it so near at hand that all Mistrust was visibly set aside 'till the Protector having pump'd the Lord Chamberlain by his Friend Catesby and finding no good to be done on him came into the Council June 13. and knitting his Brows arrested him as a Traitor for that he with his Brother's Wife the Queen had attempted his Life by Sorcery And therewith giving a knock a Guard came in who by the Protector 's Command forthwith carried him out and struck off his Head and severally secur'd the rest of the Council Whereupon sending for some of the Chief of the City he made them a fair Tale How himself and the Duke of Buckingham were to have been destroy'd in Council by a Conspiracy of the Lord Chamberlain's And returns them with an Herauld and a Proclamation in the King's Name to satisfie the People There was at that time one Sir Edmond Shaw Lord Mayor of London who upon promise of advancement had been made to their Party as also one Doctor John Shaw Brother to the Mayor and Doctor John Penker Provincial of the Augustine Friars both noted Preachers but of more Fame than either Vertue or Learning And these are the Men must make that Gospel to the People which Catesby had undertaken for Law to the Kingdom And having receiv'd their Instructions accordingly Shaw begins at St. Paul's Cross the Sunday after where upon that Text Spuria Vitulamina c The Bastard-Slips shall not take root he signify'd to the People That not only King Edward IV. and his Brother George Duke of Clarence were not the very Sons of Richard Duke of York but begotten in Adultery on the Dutchess their Mother But that the now King Edward and his Brother Richard Duke of York were both Bastards inasmuch as their Father King Edward IV. at the time that he married the Lady Elizabeth Gray their Mother was precontracted to the Lady Elizabeth Lucy who was his lawful Wife before God Then turning his Discourse to the Protector and his Title render'd him the express Image of the Noble Duke his Father and the very Right Heir of his Body begotten Yet all this took so little with the People that Penker was reserv'd 'till after the Coronation at which time he so lost his Voice that he was forc't to come down in the midst of his Sermon The Tuesday following the Mayor Aldermen and Commoners being assembled in the Guild-Hall the Duke of Buckingham came among them and having rak'd together whatever could be thought of against King Edward IV. and his Government he recapitulated Shaw's Sermon magnified the Protector and his Title to them and concluded from the whole Vae Regno c. Wo to that Realm that hath a Child to its King Neither had this also any effect upon them 'till a pack'd Company at the other end of the Hall throwing up their Bonnets and crying King Richard King Richard the Mayor took it by the end and said it was so goodly and joyful to hear so full a Cry and no one gainsaying it that he would represent it to the Protector the next Morning which accompanied with all the Aldermen and Chief Commoners of the City in their Formalities and conducted by the Duke of Buckingham he accordingly did And the Protector Good Man so utterly refus'd that
the before-mention'd Lady Jane who with her Husband were arraign'd and attainted Nov. 3. next ensuing as also was Archbishop Cranmer The beginning of January following the Emperour Charles V. sent over Ambassadours fully impower'd to treat and conclude a Marriage between Queen Mary and Philip Prince of Spain his Son and Heir which afterwards took effect But this Match being not so well relish'd by the Commons nor much better by some of the Nobility it was confederated between them to raise a War rather than suffer such a Change of State as they doubted might follow by the Queen 's thus Matching her self with a Stranger The first that appear'd in it was Sir Tho. Wiat a powerful Man in Kent The occasion thus A near Friend of his one of the Conspirators was committed to the Fleet by the Council for other matters whereupon Sir Thomas suspecting that the Plot was discover'd ran into Arms before the time that had been appointed between them However having gotten a strong Party together he publish'd a Declaration at Maidstone in Kent against the said Marriage and thereby desired his Friends and all English Men to join with him and others to defend the Realm from the danger of being brought in Thraldom to Strangers Whereupon several considerable Persons with their Followers came in to him And the Duke of Suffolk made the like Proclamation in Leicester Nor wanted the Queen on the other hand such as gather'd as fast to suppress them for the Lord Abergavenny having oppos'd him in Kent and Coventry shut their Gates against the Duke of Suffolk there seem'd nothing to the contrary but the Duke of Norfolk by this time gone down against him must have swallow'd him as probably he had done but that 500 of the London White-Coats that went with him revolted and took part with Wiat. Upon which the Duke made what retreat he could and Wiat went on for London but being beaten off at London-Bridge he got over at Kingston and was so encounter'd from Park Corner to St. James's and thence to Charing-Cross and through the Strand that being not able to make further than Temple-Earr where he met a fresh Opposition he deliver'd himself and was sent to the Tower Feb. 7. following and in two days after the Duke of Suffolk The Lord Guilford Dudley and the Lady Jane his Wife behead the 12th and the 23d of the same Month the Duke himself and Sir Thomas Wiat headed and quartered but neither drawn nor hang'd April 11. 1555. his Head set upon the Gallows and his Quarters about the City After which the Marriage between the Queen and Prince Philip of Spain was openly solemniz'd July 25. the same Year and a Parliament open'd Novemb. 12. following in which Reginald Pool Cardinal Legate à Latere from Pope Julius III. not many days before landed in England was restor'd in Blood and the Act of Henry VIII by which he was attainted repealed and the Kingdom reconcil'd and absolv'd the 29th of the same Month but not before an Act had first pass'd for securing Abbey-Lands in the hands of the present Possessors and the Cardinal made Archbishop of Canterbury the March following In the Year 1557. the Queen to compliment her Husband proclaim'd a War against France and at the same time held Callice so unprovided that the Duke of Guise â—in revenge of the Loss of St. Quintin surpriz'd it and took it in a Week's time after it had been in the English possession 211 Years It was said that the Queen was with Child and a solemn Office appointed to be used in all Churches for her safe Delivery but it prov'd a Mola or false Conception of which shedied without Issue Novemb. 17. 1558. in the Thirty ninth Year of her Age and Sixth of her Reign And the same day died the said Cardinal Pool a younger Son of Sir Richard Pool Knight of the Garter by the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Salisbury Daughter of George Duke of Clarence Brother of King Edward IV. and left the Kingdom reconcil'd as hath been said Yet this hindred not but that XXIII The Lady Elizabeth Half Sister to Queen Mary by the Father a Protestant was proclaim'd Queen and Crown'd Jan. 25. following She rescinded whatever the Queen her Sister had done in matters of Religion and proceeded upon what her Brother King Edward VI. had begun Amongst the rest she suppress'd such Religious Houses as were a-new set up by Queen Mary as Sion Sheen Westminster c. This last Monastery was in the Year 1539. surrender'd to Henry VIII who erected thereof a Dean and Chapter and in 1542. rais'd it to a Bishoprick of which he made Thomas Thâ—â—â—bye the first Bishop who prov'd the last also for the Queen made it a College consisting of a Dean Twelve Prebends a Schoolmaster an Usher Forty Scholars Twelve Almsmen and named it the Collegiate Church of Westminster The Reformation of Edward VI. in England had by this time reach'd Scotland which the Queen Dowager by assistance of the French strongly oppos'd and many of the Scots Nobility on the other hand make suit to Queen Elizabeth under the Name of The Lords of the Congregation for her Aid against Popery and them which was readily granted and a considerable Army sent into Scotland 1560. where after various Fortune on either side and the death of the Queen Dowager of Scotland a Peace was concluded between Queen Elizazeth and Francis and Mary King and Queen of France and Scotland about July following immediately after which died the said Francis leaving his Crown to his younger Brother Charles and the said Mary Queen of Scotland Queen Dowager of France who though laid wait for to be intercepted took the opportunity of a Mist and got safely into Scotland 1562. from whence she sent Letters to Queen Elizabeth proffering all observance and readiness to enter into League with her so she might by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor which was but her Right To which the Queen answer'd That though she would no way derogate from her Right yet she should be loth to endanger her own Security and as it were cover her Eyes with a Grave-Cloth while she was alive And here began the Jealousies of State between the two Queens the one doubting her Succession was intended to be frustrated and the other That her Possession might be invaded And yet they kept it so fair with each other that the Queen of Scots being in 1563. follicited by her Uncle the Cardinal of Lorrain to a Marriage with Charles Archduke of Austria with an Offer of the Arrears of her Dowry and a Restauration of the Scots to their former Liberties in France which by the death of her Uncle the Duke of Guise had been broken in case she would adhere to the French against whom the Queen of England had about that time assisted the Hugonots she gives her notice of it and requires her Advice in it Queen Elizabeth on the other hand persuades her to take a
the Earl of Strafford who had been the late General against the Scots Novemb. 12. On which he was forthwith taken into Custody and committed to the Tower Novemb. 22. brought to his Trial March 22. which lasted 'till April 13. And lastly attainted by Act of Parliament and thereupon beheaded May 12 following And the same 10th of May that the King gave his Royal Assent to that Bill of Attainder he gave the like to another That this Parliament should not be Dissolv'd or Prorogu'd but by Act of Parliament And now having gotten this firmer footing to what they had begun before in enlarging such as had been fined and imprisoned by the Star-Chamber for Libelling voting Ship-Money unlawful and the Lord Keeper a Traitor impeaching the Archbishop of Canterbury whom after a Four Years imprisonment they beheaded by an Ordinance of Lords and Commons at which Seven Lords only were present They proceed to Acts of Parliament for vacating Ship-Money taking off the several Courts of Star-Chamber High-Commission the Presidencies of Wales and the North the Bishops outed the House of Peers And having singled out the King as it were by Himself they pray a Guard out of the City of London to be Commanded by the Earl of Essex Which the King refusing he is so harass'd with Tumults that he is fore'd to remove from London And which fell fortunately to their Game a Rebellion in Ireland having broke out the 23d of October before the King had given his Assent to two Bills the one for the borrowing 400000 l. for the necessary Defence of England and Ireland the other which brought in little less for the Encouragement of Adventurers for the reducing of Ireland And so having gotten such a Fund they not long after further petition That the Tower of London all other Forts and the whole Militia of the Kingdom might be put into such hands as should be recommended to him by both Houses But being refus'd by the King they publish a Declaration That whatsoever They declare to be Law ought not to be question'd by the King That They without the King are Judges of the Publick Good That the Soveraign Power resides in both Houses and that the King ought to have no Negative Voice That Treason cannot be committed against his Person otherwise than as he is intrusted with the Kingdom and discharges that Trust of which they are Judges And thereupon raise an Army and make the Earl of Essex General thereof and the Earl of Warwick Admiral at Sea notwithstanding the King had appointed another On which many of the House of Commons and most of the Peers repair to the King at York the King proclaims Essex and his Adherents Traitors and sets up his Standard at Nottingham Aug. 20. 1642. In return of which they in 1643. voted the Queen a Traiter for helping her Husband with Ammunition and some English Forces out of Holland And actually brought in an Army of Scots to fight against the King when yet they had made it an Article of High-Treason against the Earl of Strafford for that he should have said at Council-Board If his Majesty pleas'd to employ Forces he had some in Ireland which might serve to reduce the Kingdom The Question also at that time being touching Scotland However the King without other Supplies than the voluntary Assistance of his Loyal Nobility and Gentry made a shift to bring the West the North and several other parts of the Kingdom under his Obedience 'till at last oppress'd by those inexhaustible Banks as the Weekly Assessments which for the Year came to above 1700000 l. the Plate ready Monies and Jewels borrow'd upon the Publick Faith which in London and Middlesex came to upwards of Ten Millions besides the Profits of their new Excise Sequestrations of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops and Delinquents Lands Tonnage Poundage and whatsoever was in any wise due to the King which contrary to the known Laws they had raked to themselves and not being able to recover that fatal Battel of Naseby June 14. 1645. He sunk by degrees and at last threw himself upon his Country-men the Scots who Delivered him up to the Parliament for 200000 l. and they kept Him under a Guard at Holmby The Parliament now in possession of the King came to be divided into two Parties Presbyterian and Independant and the Army which was every of them a Sect by it self thinking they had as much Right to Him as the others seize Him and bring Him to Hampton Court about the middle of August 1647. from whence without bettering His Condition He escapes into the Isle of Wight and by Letter to the Parliament desires a Personal Treaty at London They on the other hand vote Him 5000 l. for His present Accommodation and send Him Four Preliminary Bills to sign but those so Unreasonable that the King refusing them they amongst other things vote no more Addresses should be made to Him and the Army declares to stand by them in those Votes and what shall be further necessary for the prosecution thereof On this several Parties in London Wales Essex Kent c. rise for the King a part of the Navy go off to the Prince and the Scots under Duke Hamilton enter England To suppress these the Army is sent abroad and Cromwel makes against Hamilton takes him Prisoner and pursues the rest to Edinburgh During this absence of his the Parliament revoke their Votes of Non Addresses and appoint Five Lords and Ten Commoners to treat with the King at Newport in the Isle of Wight with Honour Freedom and Safety But alas they dodg'd so long about Trisles that upon Cromwel's return before any thing was concluded the Army remonstrate and require That the King be brought to Justice as the Capital Cause of the Civil War And thereupon having garbled the Commons of Forty odd Members and required that Ninety more and all others that by their Votes Decemb. 5. before had approved the King's Concessions for a Peace at the Isle of Wight should be excluded the House 'till they had enter'd their Dissents to those Votes that Fagg-end of them that was left restor'd the Votes of Non-Addresses voted a Charge of High-Treason against the King and drew up an Ordinance for his Trial Which being rejected by the Lords they made it an Act of their own and on Saturday Jan. 20. 1648. brought Him before a Mock-High-Court of Iustice consisting of one Bradshew their President Cromwel his Son-in-Law Ireton and Seventy two others that appear'd and sate and with ignominious Expressions charg'd Him That as a Publick Enemy of the Common-wealth he had traiterously and maliciously levied War against the present Parliament and the People therein represented And after four Days not allowing Him to be heard unless he first acknowledg'd the Authority of their Court He was as Infamously sentenc'd to have his Head sever'd from his Body which was accordingly executed in the open Street before his Royal Palace of Whitehal Jan. 30.
which he took to Wife Isabel d' Este Daughter to Francis Duke of Modena who likewise is since dead As far as we can hear he has but one Son viz. Odoardus the Third lately married as is reported to Hedewig Elizabeth Amalia Daughter of Philip William Elector Palatine CHAP. XXII Of the House of Modena § I. THe Dukes of Modena are descended from the Ancient Marquesses of Este whose common Father was Hugo Lord of Padua and Marquess of Este Amongst the Descendants of this Lord we find one Borsus who was created Duke of Modena by the Emperor Frederick the Third and of Ferrara by Pope Paul the Second He was succeeded by his Brother Hercules the First who died in 1505. being succeeded by his Son Alphonso the First who by his Wife Lucretia Daughter to Pope Alexander the Sixth had Hercules the Second Duke of Mantua and Ferrara to whom the Government fell upon the death of his Father in 1534. His Son and Successor was Alphonso the Second who died without Issue in the Year 1597. § II. Now there was surviving at this time Caesar d' Este Son of Alphonso Marquess of Monte Casso natural Son to Alphonso the First Duke of Modena by Laura Eustachia a Woman of obscure Birth who afterwards got the name of Labella Ferratarina Duke Alphonso dying without Issue left this Caesar his Heir by the consent of the Emperors Maximilian the Second and Rodolph the Second But the Pope seized on Ferrara as a Fee Farm of the Church vacant by the death of the last Duke However he was Invested in that of Modena in the Year 1598. and was succeeded therein by his Son Francis the First who died 1656. leaving Issue 1. Alphonsus the Third who succeeded him and in 1655. married Laurentia Cardinal Mazarine's Niece by his Sister of which Match came Alphonso the Fourteenth the present Duke who was born 1656. and married a Princess out of the Family of the Barberini 2. Almerick Prince of Modena where he is at present we cannot so well say 3. Isabel married to Rainulius the Second Duke of Parma c. but some time since dead 4. Mary Eleanor Beatrix married in 73. to James the Second King of Great Brittain the now lives in France CHAP. XXIII Of the Family of the Dukes of Curland THe Dukes of Curland are Originally of Westphalia for Gothard the First Son to Gothard Redlar a Westphalian Knight and Grand Master of the Teutonick Order was created Duke of Curland and Semigallan by Sigismund King of Poland and begat James who succeeded in that Dukedom Duke James in 1645. married Charlotte the Daughter of George William Elector of Brandenburg who died in 76. having born him the following Issue 1. Frederick Casimier the present Duke who married Sophia Amalia of Nassau-Siegen on Dec. 25. 1688. by whom he has hitherto had only Two Daughters 2. Ferdinand a Noble and Valiant Prince Lieutenant-General in the Elector of Brandenburg's Army 3. Alexander Wounded with a Cannon-Ball at the Siege of Buda and died in his way towards Vienna 4. Lovise Elizabeth married to Frederick Landtgrave of Hesse of the Line of Hamburg 1671. 5. Mary Amalia married May 21. 1673. to Charles Landtgrave of Hesse of the Line of Cassel 6. Charlotte who as yet lives unmarried in the King of Sweden's Court. 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