A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY MANIFESTING A more easie access to the Knowledge thereof than hath been hitherto published by any through the benefit of Method Whereunto it is now reduced by the Study and Industry OF JOHN GUILLIM Late Pursuivant at ARMS The Fifth Edition much enlarged with great variety of BEARINGS To which is added a TREATISE of HONOUR Military and Civil According to the Laws and Customs of ENGLAND collected out of the most Authentick Authors both Ancient and Modern by Capt. IOHN LOGAN ILLUSTRATEED With variety of SCVLPTVRES sutable to the several Subjects to which is added a Catalogue of the Atchievements of the NOBILITY of England with divers of the GENTRY for Examples of BEARINGS LONDON Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Blome and are sold by Francis Tyton Henry Brome Thomas Basset Richard Chiswell Iohn Wright and Thomas Sawbridge MDCLXXIX TO The most August CHARLES THE SECOND King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. Dread Sovereign HERE is a Firmament of Stars that shine not without your Benign Beam you are the Sun of our Hemisphere that sets a splendour on the Nobility For as they are Jewels and Ornaments to your Crown so they derive their lustre and value from thence From your Breast as from a Fountain the young Plants of Honour are cherisht and nurst up Your vertuous Atchievements are their Warrant and Example and your Bounty the Guerdon of their Merit And as all the Roman Emperours after Julius Caesar were desirous to be called Imperatores Caesares from him so shall all succeeding Princes in this our Albion in emulation of your Vertues be ambitious to bear your Name to Eternity Deign then Great Sir a gracious Reflex upon and Acceptation of this Display of Heraldry which though in it self is excellent yet thus illustrated by your Name will admit of no Comparison but render to the Publisher a share of Honour in that he is permitted into your Presence Being In all humility Your Majesties most submissive and obedient Subject and Servant RICHARD BLOME TO THE RIGHT NOBLE Henry Duke of Norfolk EARL-MARSHAL of ENGLAND Earl of Arundel Surrey Norfolk and Norwich Lord Howard Moubray Segrave Brews of Gower Fitz-Allen Clun Oswalstree Maltravers Graystock and Howard of Castle-Rising c. AND TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ROBERT Earl of ALISBVRY and ELGIN VISCOUNT Bruce of Ampthill Baron Bruce of Whorlton Skelton and Kinloss Hereditary High-Steward of the Honour of Ampthill Lord Lieutenant of the County of Bedford and High-Steward of Leicester and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel his Graces Substitute for the Officiating the said Office of Earl-Marshal Most Honoured Lords THIS Treatise next to his Sacred Majesty Honours Grand General must necessarily be dependant on your Lordships Honours Earl-Marshal to whose Protection and Patronage it is also most humbly Dedicated by My Lords Your Graces and Honours most Submissive Servant Richard Blome To the most Concerned the NOBILITY AND GENTRY My Lords and Gentlemen THis inestimable Piece of Heraldry that had past the Press four times with much approbation had the unhappy Fate in the last to have a Blot in its Escocheon viz. the Insertion of Oliver's Creatures which as no Merit could enter them in such a Regiment but Vsurpation so we have in this Impression exploded them and inserted the Persons Titles and Dignities of such as his Majesty since his blessed Restauration conferred Honour upon that so the Corn may be intire of one Sheaf and the Grapes of one Vine To this Impression is added A Treatise of Honour Military and Civil which I do own to have received from Captain David Logan of Idbury in Oxfordshire whose Manuscript is not exactly observed by omitting the Quotations in his Papers as being unwilling to swell the Volume unto too large a bulk and the rather being confident he asserts nothing without the Authority of good Authors putting my Confidence in his Care who is tender enough of his Honour and Loyalty Vertues inherent in his Blood and Name witness the Scotisâ— Histories although unfortunate therein three or four Ages ago Nor may this Treatise be without some Errors committed by the Press and that occasioned by his great distance in the Countrey which if any shall be corrected in the next Impression begging the Readers pardon for the present R. B. Mr. Guillim's PREFACE TO THE READER HOW difficult a thing it is to produce form out of things shapeless and deformed and to prescribe limits to things confused there is none but may easily perceive if he shall take but a sleight view of the Chaos-like contemperation of things not only diverse but repugnant in Nature hitherto concorporated in the generous Profession of Heraldry as the forms of the pure Caelestial Bodies mix'd with gross Terrestrials Earthly Animals with Watery Savage Beasts with Tame Whole-footed Beasts with Divided Reptiles with things Gressible Fowls of Prey with Home-bred these again with River-Fowls Airy Insecta with Earthly also things Natural with Artificial Arts Liberal with Mechanical Military with Rustical and Rustick with Civil Which confused mixture hath not a little discouraged many persons otherwise well affected to the study of Armory and impaired the estimation of the Profession For redress whereof my self though unablest of many have done my best in this my Display of Heraldry to dissolve this deformed Lump distributing and digesting each particular thereof into his peculiar Rank wherein albeit the issue of my Enterprise be not answerable to the height of my desires yet do I assure my self my labour herein will not be altogether fruitless forasmuch as hereby I have broken the Ice and made way to some after-comers of greater Gifts and riper Judgment that they may give a fairer body to this my delineated rough draught or shadow of a new-framâ—d method For if men of greatest skill have failed to give absolute form to their works notwithstanding their best endeavours with little reason may such perfection be expected from me whose Talent is so small as that I am forced to build wholly upon other mens Foundations and therefore may be thought to have undertaken an idle task in writing of things formerly handled and published by persons of more sufficiency and greater judgment Notwithstanding who knoweth not that as every man hath his proper conceit and invention so hath he his several drift and purpose so as divers men writing of one self Argument do handle the same diversty which being so what letteth that every of us writing in a diverse kind may not without offence to other use our uttermost endeavours to give unto this erst unshapely and disproportionable profession of Heraldry a true Symmetria and proportionable correspondence of each part to other Inasmuch if I be not deceived both they and my self do all aim at one mark which is so to adorn and beautifie this Science as that it being purged from her wonted deformities may become more plausible to many and be
under the said King Edward until he was restored to his Estate in Gascoign by the Peace made betwixt the two Crowns Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl was the Coat-Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman who was made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror He flew in Battel Malcombe King of Scots and his eldest Son but after rebelling against William Rufus was taken prisoner in Northumberland and kept in Winchester prison till the reign of Henry the First and then died without issue after whose decease King Henry the First gave all his Lands and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine whose Son was called Mowbray of whom descended the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk And this Coat is now quartered by the honourable and flourishing Family of the Howards Ruby a Lion rampant Topaz is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Carbery Baron Vaughan of Emblin and Molingar and one of the Lords of his Majesties most honourable Privy Council Saphire a Lion rampant Pearl is the Coat of the Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew Baron of Stean descended from Eustace Crew who came into England with William the Conqueror and was made Baron of Monthalte Argent a Lion rampant Sable is the Coat-Armour of the Stapletons of Yorkshire Sable a Lion rampant Argent is born by Edmond Lewis Carn-Lloyd in Glamorganshire Esquire and by Edward Lewis of the Van in the said County Esquire As touching the bearing of the Lion after this manner I hold that then he may be truly said to be rampant when he standeth so directly upright as that the crown of his head doth answer to the plant of his foot whereupon he standeth in a perpendicular line and not by placing of the left foot in the dexter corner of the Escocheon as Leigh would have it As the former Example sheweth the gesture of the Lion pursuing his prey so this sheweth his gesture in seizing on it when he hath attained it Ruby a Lion rampant within a Bordure engrailed Pearl is born by the Right Honourable Ralph Lord Grey Baron of Warke of whose Family was Sir Iohn Grey who for his good Service in France was by King Henry the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the said Kingdom This Coat is also born by Sir Roger Mostyn of Mostyn in Flintshire Knight and Baronet and by William Mostyn of Rhyd in the said County Esquire Argent three Lions rampant and a Chief Gules is the Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Yelverton of Easton-Manduit in Northamptonshire Baronet The Lion saith Farnesius is a lively Image of a good Souldier who must be valiant of Courage strong of Body politick in Counsel and a foe to fear Such a one was the most valiant Prince Richard the Second surnamed Cour de Lion whose renowned Adventures suited with all courage and politick care gave him the eternal Name of the Lion-heart This Coat is also born by the Right Honourable William Herbert Earl and Baron of Powis and by the Right Honourable Edward Lord Herbert Baron of Cherbury and Castle-Island This Coat is also born by the Family of the Progers amongst whom is Charles Proger Herbert of Gwerndy in Monmouthshire Esq one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Privy chamber By Edward Proger Herbert Esq one of the Grooms of his Majesties Bed-chamber And by Henry Proger Herbert Esq one of his Majesties Ecqueties Ermyn on a Chief Azure three Lions rampant Or by the Name of Aucher and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Anthony Aucher of Bishops-bourn in the County of Kent Knight and Baronet Sable two Lions rampant combatant Or is born by Nicholas Carter of London Dr. in Physick Leigh saith That these were two Lions of sundry Regions which of manhood must combate only for Government For the Lion is as desirous of mastery as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour which if it be in a just Title and Claim is a vertue in a King and no way to be disliked For it was a Royal Apothegm worthy that great King Nemo me major nisi qui justior I acknowledge no King greater than my self but he that is juster There are yet other forms of bearing the Lion than are hitherto expressed as in these next Escocheons may be seen This Coat is also born by Thomas Wyndham of Tale in Devonshire Esq one of the Grooms of his now Majesties Bedchamber third Son of Sir Edmond Wyndham of Cathanger in Somersetshire Knight Marshal of his Majesties most Honourable Houshold and lineally descended of the ancient Family of the Wyndhams of Crown-Thorp in Norfolk The Lion beareth his tail after a diverse manner insomuch as we may thereby if not certainly know yet give a near ghess what a mood he is in for the present viz. whether he be furiously bent or peaceable or majestically affected And these qualities are manifestly discerned by the Inversion Eversion or Extension c. of his tail Here may rise a Question Whether the bearing of the tail of the Lion in any of these several manners be a sufficient difference to prevent all causes of challenge For my own part albeit I have not read or seen in Gerard Leigh Boswell Ferne or any other Armorial Writers the state of this Question handled I hold that they be differences sufficient to debarr all challenge My Reasons are these first Sufficit quod inter arma mea tua talis sit differentia qua detur diversitas And again Nova forma dat novum esse rei I hold them not only to be differences secundum quid but simpliciter that is to say absolute and essential differences Furthermore Data una dissimilitudine etiam paria judicabuntur diversa Moreover experience sheweth us That the least addition or subtraction in Armorial signs maketh them cease to be the same that they were Omnia Arma Arithmeticis figuris sunt simillima quibus si quid addas vel subtrahas non remanet eadem species as I have formerly shewed Finally for approbation of these my Opinions I will add this infallible Assertion Ea differunt quorum definitiones differunt These are my Reasons that induce me to be of this Opinion that the diverse manner of bearing of the tail of the Lion as aforesaid are or may be without exception essential differences which nevertheless I referr to the judicious censure of the Learned in this Profession who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds But because Demonstration is the best of Arguments to convince the incredulous it is apparent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned differs not from that of Smeres but only in the manner of the bearing of the tail both of them being Argent a Lion rampant Sable only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and turned over the head of the Lion as it more plainly appears before in this present Chapter Now as touching particularizing of the beforementioned assertion I say that the Eversion of the tail of the Lion is an express token of his placability or tractableness as
twofold Line Spirewise or Pyramidal the Foundation being in the Dexter and Sinister base points of the Escocheon and the acute Angle of the Spire near to the top of the Escocheon As in Example The Content of the Chevron is the fifth part of the Field according to Leigh but Chassanaeus reckoneth the same amongst those Ordinaries that do occupy the third part of the Field You may have two Chevrons in one Field saith Leigh but not above and if they exceed that number then shall you call them Chevron ways But I suppose they might be termed much better Chevronels that is to say minute or small Chevrons for so is their blazon more certain This Charge following and the Subdivisions thereof are diversly born as well in respect of the divers location as of the variable form thereof for sometimes it is born on chief otherwhiles on base sometimes enarched sometimes reversed sometimes fretted c. as after by Examples appeareth Argent two Cheverons Sable is the Coat-Armour of Sir Ioseph Ash of Twittenham in Middlesex Baronet and of William Ash of Hatchbury in Wiltshire Esquire Gules three Cheverons Or by the Name of Mathews and is born by Lemuel Mathews A. M. Arch-Deacon of Down in the Kingdom of Ireland and by his brother Man Mathews Vicar of Swansey in Glamorganshire Or three Chevrons Gules was the Coat of Robert base Son of Henry the First who was created Earl of Gloucester by his Father and had Issue William Earl of Gloucester which William had three Daughters and Coheirs viz. Isabel who was married to King Iohn Mabel who married to the Earl of Eureux and Amicia married to Richard Earl of Clare and Glocester This Robert built the Castles of Bristol and Cardiff and the Priory of St. Iames in Bristol where he lyeth interr'd This Coat with a due difference is born by Mr. Iohn Wise of the City of London Master Plummer to the Office of his Majesties Ordnance The Subdivisions of this Ordinary are Chevronel Couple-close A Chevronel is a diminutive of a Chevron and signifieth a minute or small Chevron and containeth half the quantity of the Chevron as for Example The next in order to the Chevron is the Barr. A Barr is composed of two Equi-distant Lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon after the manner of the Fess before-mentioned as in this next Escocheon appeareth A Barr is subdivided into a Closet Barulet A Closet is a Charge abstracted from a Barr and consisteth also of two Equi-distant Lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon As in Example Azure two Barrs Or is the Coat-Armour of the ancient Family of the Burdets of Warwickshire Argent two Barrs Sable is born by Edward Brereton of Burras in Deubighshire Esquire Hitherto of a Barr Now of a Gyron A Gyron is an Ordinary consisting of two streight Lines drawn from divers parts of the Escocheon and meeting in an acute Angle in the Fess point of the same A Gyron as one saith is the same that we call in Latin Gremium which signifieth a Lap and is the space between the Thighs and thence perchance do we call the Groyn which name whether it be given to this Charge because it determines in gremio in the very lap or midst of the Escocheon or because it hath a bending like the Thigh and Leg together I cannot define Gyrons are born diversly viz. single by couples of six of eight of ten and of twelve as shall appear hereafter where I shall speak of Arms having no tincture predominating For the making this Ordinary behold this next Escocheon where you shall find one single Gyron alone which doth best express the manner thereof as in Example So much of a Gyron Now of a Canton and Quarter A Canton is an Ordinary framed of two streight Lines the one drawn perpendicularly from the Chief and the other transverse from the side of the Escocheon and meeting therewith in an acute Angle near to the corner of the Escocheon as in this next appeareth Hitherto of a Canton now of a Quarter The Quarter is an Ordinary of like composition with the Canton and holdeth the same places and hath great resemblance thereof insomuch as the same Rules and Observations that do serve for the one may be attributed to the other Quia similium similis est ratio of like things the reason is alike The only difference between them is that the Canton keepeth only a cantle or small portion of the corner of the Escocheon and the Quarter comprehendeth the full fourth part of the Escocheon as in Example Having spoken of the Canton and Quarter as much as for this present is requisite I will reserve some other their adjuncts to a more convenient place And will now speak of a Pile shewing some variable Examples of the divers bearing thereof A Pile is an Ordinary consisting of a twofold Line formed after the manner of a Wedge that is to say broad at the upper end and so lessening by degrees throughout with a comely narrowness and Taper growth meeting together at the lower end in an acute Angle as in this next Escocheon appeareth The Pile I take to be derived from Pilum an ancient Weapon peculiar to the Romans shaped somewhat like a Dart without Feathers but thicker at the great end and waxing smaller Taper-wise being about five foot in length and sharpned at the point with Steel And such were the offensive Arms of the Hastati and Principes as Polybius of the Roman Militia affirmeth And Generals themselves have born them in their Marches perhaps to encourage the Souldiers by their Examples all which is proved by the excellent Lucan lib. 1. who lamenting the misery of a Civil War thus complains Totis concussi viribus orbis In commune nefas infestisque obvia signis Signa pares aquilas Pila minantia Pilis where arm'd to impious war The force of all the quaking world from far Is met dire Standards against Standards dash Eagles 'gainst Eagles 'gainst Piles Piles do clash And Lib. 7. sceleris sed crimine nullo Externum maculent Chalybem stetit omne coactum Circa Pila nef as But no dire crime could stain the Strangers Steel Nought could do mischief but the Roman Pile Lastly describing Cato's magnanimity in his rough March through Lybia he thus singeth Lib. 9. Ipse manu sua Pila gerens c. Thus Englished Himself afoot before his wearied Bands Marches with Pile in hand and not commands This Coat is also born by his Uncle the Right Honourable Denzel Holles Baron Holles of Ifield and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council c. whose only Son and Heir apparent is Sir Francis Holles of Winterborn St. Martyn in Dorsetshire Baronet who hath Issue now living Denzel Holles c. Sometimes you shall find this Ordinary born transposed or reversed contrary to the usual form of their bearing viz. with their points upward which naturally ought to be downwards being supposed to be a piece of
Accidents should have such power in them For Aristotle Physicorum 1. saith Accidentia possunt miraculose non alias mutare subjectum Accidents change not their Subject but by Miracle Addition doubtless and Subtraction are of greater force than Transmutation or Location yet is there no such power in them as that they can alter the essence of any thing Quia augmentum vel diminutio saith Chassanaeus circa accidentia contractuum non reponunt contractum in diverso esse neque per ea intelligitur ab eo in substantialibus recessus the adding or diminishing of Accidents makes not the thing lose the nature of his being This Coat with the Arms of Vlster is born by Sir Iohn Molineux of Teversal in Nottinghamshire Baronetâ— and with the Arms of Vlster with a due difference is born by Darcy Molineux of Mansfield in the said County Esq Nephew to the said Sir Iohn Leigh in Blazoning of this form of Cross maketh no mention at all of the piercing thereof perhaps because it resembleth the Ink of a Mill which is evermore pierced This is termed Quarter pierced quasi Quadrate pierced for that the piercing is square as a Trencher The Augmentation born on the Bend was granted unto the Right Noble Thomas Duke of Norfolk and to his Descendants by King Henry the Eighth for his signal Service as General of the Army which gave that remarkable overthrow at Floding to King Iames the Fourth of Scotland which said Duke was by King Henry the Seventh created Knight of the Garter and made Lord High Treasurer of England So much of the Cross with the Accidents thereof Now of that other Ordinary that is framed also of a fourfold Line that is to say a Saltire A Saltire is an Ordinary consisting of a fourfold Line whereof two are drawn from the Dexter chief towards the Sinister base corners and the other from the Sinister chief towards the Dexter base points and do meet about the midst by couples in acute Angles I know the Learned Geometer will find many more Lines here than I do mention but as I said of Lines in the Cross this our description greeth best with Heralds and our purpose Azure a Saltier Argent is the Coat-Armour of Sir William York of Burton-Pedwardin in Lincolnshire Knight Sable a Saltier Argent is born by the name of Ducket of Steeple-Morden in Cambridgeshire In old time saith Leigh this was made of the height of a man and was driven full of Pins the use whereof was to scale the Walls therewith to which end the Pins served commodiously In those days saith he the Walls of a Town were but low as appeareth by the Walls of Rome which Rhemus easily leaped over and the Walls of Winchester which were overlooked by Colebrand the Chieftain of the Danes who was slain by Guy Earl of Warwick who was Champion for King Athelstane Argent a Saltier engrailed Sable by the Name of Middleton This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir George Middleton of Leighton near Warton in Lancashire Baronet CHAP. VIII HAving hitherto shewed at large the several forms of making of such Charges as we call honourable Ordinaries Order requireth that I should now shew their diverse manner of Bearing according to our prefixed Distribution These are born Simple Compound Those are said to be born Simple when only Ordinaries do appear in the Field These Ordinaries comprehend One sort Divers sorts Ordinaries are said to be of one sort when only one kind of them is born in the Field without mixture of any other Whose bearing is Single Manifold By single Bearing I understand some one Ordinary born alone in the Escocheon such are these precedent Examples before handled By manifold bearing of Ordinaries I mean the bearing of divers Ordinaries of the same kind whether the same be born of themselves alone or else conjunctly with some of their Subdivisions Which form of bearing is twofold viz. One upon another One besides another What is meant by the bearing of Ordinaries of one kind one upon another may be easily conceived by these four Escocheons next following Proceed we now to Examples of Ordinaries of the same kind born one besides another such are these next following and their like The Field is Argent two Bends Gules This Coat-Armour I find in an ancient Manuscript of Collection of Englishmens Arms in Metal and Colours with the Blazon in French of the time of our Henry the Sixth as it is apparent by the Character of the Letter over which Coat-Armour is there written the Bearers name viz. Monsieur Iohn Haget from whom Mr. Bartholomew Haget late Consul of Aleppo deriveth his descent This Book at this present remaineth in the custody of a worthy Friend of mine a curious Collector and careful Preserver of such ancient Monuments Gules two Bends the upper Or and the lower Argent was born by Milo Fitz-water who by King Henry the First was made Earl of Hereford and Constable of England and Lord of the Forest of Dean in right of his Wife Daughter and Heir of Bernard Newmarch Lord of Brecknock This Coat is now quartered by Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Claydon in Buckinghamshire Mr. Boswell in his Works of Armory observeth That the Bearer of such Bends as these or of the like Coat-Armour may be thought to have done some great enterprise upon the Seas worthy of perpetual commendation As for Ordinaries of other sorts born likewise one besides another of the same kind behold these next Examples Now from Ordinaries of the same kind born one upon another with their extracted Subdivisions proceed we to Ordinaries of divers kinds and their Diminutives abstracted from them eftsoons found likewise born both one upon another and one besides another Such are these next following and their like Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds born one besides another you shall have these Examples ensuing Robert Lisle who was a Baron in the times of King Edward the Second and Edward the Third bore the same Coat-Armour And divers ancient and eminent Nobles of this Kingdom do rightfully quarter these Arms being descended from the Heirs generally of the Family of Lisle Or a Fess between two Chevrons Gules was the Coat of Anselme Lord Fitz-water in the time of the Conquest of whom did descend Walter Fitz-water who had a Daughter and Heir that married to Robert Radcliff Father of Robert Radcliff Lord Fitz-water of whom descended Robert Radcliff Earl of Sussex and Viscount Fitz-water of which Family of Sir Francis Radcliff of Dilston in Northumberland Baronet now living 1675. The End of the Second Section Naturalia sunt specula eorum quae non videntur THis Third Section beginneth to treat of such Charges of Coat-Armours as are called Common Charges whereof some be Natural and meerly formal such are Angels and Spirits and others are both Formal and Material as the Sun Moon Stars as also such Natures as are Sublunary whether they be living after a sort as all
that the generous sort of Lions have For these respects the degenerate brood of Lions are called in Latin Imbelles Leones that is Heartless and Cowardly Lions whereas the true Lion is termed in Latin Generosus Leo quia generosum est quod à natura sua non degeneravit That is generous which degenerateth not from his kind by which reason a man of Noble Descent and Ignoble Conditions is not truly generous because he degenerateth from the Vertues of his Ancestors Lions Bears Wolves and other beasts of ravening kind when they are born in Arms feeding you must tearm them in blazon Raping and tell whereon To all beasts of prey Nature hath assigned teeth and talons of crooked shape and therewithal of great sharpness to the end they may strongly seize upon and detain their prey and speedily rend and divide the same And therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind you must not omit to mention their teeth and tallons which are their only Armour for by them they are distinguished from those tame and harmless beasts that have their teeth knocked out and their nails pared so near to the quick as that they can neither bite nor scratch with much harm Those teeth and tallons are for the most part in Coat-Armours made of a different colour from the bodies of the beasts and therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind when you speak of their teeth or tallons you shall say they are thus or thus Armed So likewise if you please to speak of their tongues you shall say they are thus or thus Langued To bear a Lion or whatsoever Animal in a diverse colour from his kindly or natural colour as to bear a blue green red purple Lion Bear c. or whatsoever other colour different from that which is natural unto him is not a bearing reproachful though disagreeing to his Nature if we consider of the occasion of their primary constitution for that the custome of such bearing seemeth to have proceeded from eminent persons who habiting themselves either for their sports of Hunting or for Military Services as best fitted their phantasies would withal sute their Armours and Habiliments with colours answerable to their habits with the shapes and portraitures of forged and counterfeit Animals Or else perhaps by occasion of some civil tumults as that between the Guelphi and the Gibelini in Italy they perhaps of each faction bearing Lions Bears and Wolves or other Animals to avoid confusion and to the end the one of them should not be entrapped by the other of the contrary faction when they were intermixed one with another and that their valorous actions might be more particularly discerned from the other they distinguished themselves by different and unlike coloured Garments that so each Governour and Leader might know those that were of his own faction The like may we observe to have been of late years used among ourselves when private factions have sprung amongst us one sort was known from others of the contrary faction by a Carnation Ribond worn about or in his Hat or by a Crimson Feather or other thing the contrary faction wearing like thing but in a different colour or fashion The Lion saith Vpton passing thorow stony places doth contract his Tallons within his flesh and so walketh on his feet as if he had no Tallons at all keeping them exceeding choicely lest he should dull and blunt their sharpness and so become less able to attach and rend his prey And this property seemeth not to be peculiar to a Lion but common to all beasts of rapine as Pliny ascribeth the same property to Leopards Panthers and such other as well as to the Lion Not only Lions but also all other beasts of ravenous kind according to Bekenhawb do bring forth their young in some part defective as Lions do produce their Whelps dead Dogs bring them forth blind Bears deformed and shapeless c. For Nature would not that they should attain perfection in the womb in regard of the safety of their Dam lest in their production they should spoil and rent her womb by their teeth and tallons Other more particular Rules there are concerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of beasts of Rapine which shall follow in their more convenient places In the mean time let us proceed to Examples that may give life and approbation to those premised Rules Praecepta enim quantumvis bona concinna mortua sunt nisi ipse auditor variis exemplis ea percipiat Good and fit Precepts are but dead unless Examples give them life Of which Opinion was Leo the Tenth when he said Plus valent exempla quà m praecepta Et melius docemur vitâ quam verbo Examples are more forcible than Precepts And our lives teach more than our words Sol a Lion passant Guardant Mars was born by Brutus Son of Silvius Posthumus who coming out of Italy with the remnant of the Trojans found out this Island of Great Britain and reigned four and twenty years Or two Lions passant guardant Gules is the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir William Ducy of Tortworth in Glocestershire Knight of the Bath and Baronet now Viscount Down in Ireland Gules two Lions passant guardant Argent by the Name of L'Estrange a Family of good antiquity of which is Sir Nicholas L'Estrange of Hunstanton in Norfolk Baronet and Roger L'Estrange of St. Giles's in the Fields in Middlesex Esquire Gules two Lions passant guardant Or was the Coat-Armour of William Duke of Normandy base Son of Robert Duke of Normandy who in Anno 1066. having slain King Harold in Battel seized the Kingdom and reigned almost One and twenty years since which time his Heirs have happily enjoyed his Crown and Dignity King Henry the Second being Duke of Aquitain and Guion in the right of his Grandmother and Duke of Normandy in right of his Mother joyned the Arms of Guion which was a Lion passant guardant unto that of Normandy and England which was Gules three Lions passant guardant Or. Now that Lions and Lioncels are born in Arms the first with interposition of some of the Ordinaries the other charged upon Ordinaries the following Examples will make it manifest and in blazoning of such Coat-Armours care must be taken to observe and remember what concerning this point of their difference I have even now delivered Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl This is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Louis Duras Baron Duras of Holmby one of the Captains of his Majesties Horse Guards and Privy Purse to his Royal Highness Iames Duke of York brother to the Duke and Marshal Duras as also to the Marshal de Lorge in France and Nephew to the late Marshal de Turein in the said Kingdom one of whose Ancestors viz. Galliard Lord Duras was in the Reign of K. Edward the Fourth Knight of the Garter being one of the last of Gascoign that held for the Crown of England where he came and continued in great Employments
sunt in honore pares Mules Abbots and Abbesses are alike They bear the weapons but cannot strike Pearl a Cheveron Ruby between three Leopards heads Diamond is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Francis Viscount Newport of Bradford Baron Newport of High-Ercall Lord Lieutenant of the County of Salop Treasurer of his Majesties Houshold and one of the Lords of his most Honourable Privy Council Vert a Cheveron between three Leopards heads Or is the Coat of Sir Barrow Fitch of Woodham-walter in Essex Kt. Sable a Cheveron between three Leopards heads Argent is the Coat of Mr. Tho. Hawes of the City of London Merchant Or a Cheveron between three Leopards heads Sable with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Wheler of Burbury in Warwickshire Baronet anciently of Martin-Hussingtre in the County of Worcester Or on a Bend Azure three Leopards heads Argent is the Coat of Iohn Mingay of Gimingham in Norfolk Esq Now in the blazon of this next ensuing Escocheon I in this present Edition shall upon better consideration differ from that which I gave it in my former Secundae cogitationes saepè sunt meliores CHAP. XXVI ANOTHER sort there is of exorbitantâ— Animals much more prodigious than all the former such are those Creatures formed or rather deformed with the confused shapes of Creatures of different kinds and qualities These according to some Authors are called in Latin Monstra à Monstrando for foreshewing some strange events These Monsters saith St. Augustine cannot be reckoned amongst those good Creatures that God created before the transgression of Adam for those did God when he took the survey of them pronounce to be valdè bona for they had in them neither access nor defect but were the perfect workmanship of God's Creation And of them Zanchius saith that Eorum deformitas habet usus cum Deo serviant ad gloriam ipsius illustrandam electis ad salutem promovendam If man had not transgressed the Law of his Maker this dreadful deformity in likelyhood had not happened in the procreation of Animals which some Philosophers do call Peccata Naturae Errors in Nature Quoniam uatura impeditur in horum generatione ne possit quale velit producere Animal Some examples in this kind here ensue Vert a Griffon rampant Or is the Coat of Richard Coleling of Coreley in Shropshire Esq Principal Secretary to the Right Honourable Henry Earl of St. Albans Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold Azure a Griffon sergreant or rampant Or is the Coat of Sir Iohn Read of Brocket-hall in Hartfordshire Baronet As also by the Name of Cursellis and by Mr. Iames Cursellis of London Merchant Sable a Griffon sergreant Or is the Coat of the Honourable Society of Grays-Inn being one of the four Inns of Court The erecting of the fore-leggs of this Griffon is an evident testimony of his readiness for action which addeth a second force of his attempt and promiseth a successful event of his enterprise by reason he uniteth force and industry together The Griffon having attained his full growth will never be taken alive wherein he doth adumbrate or rather lively set forth the property of a valorous Souldier whose magnanimity is such as he had rather expose himself to all dangers and even to death it self than to become a Captive As a Lion rampant is figured erectus elevatus mordax ore radens pedibus so may a Bear Griffon or whatsoever other Animal of fierce nature as aforesaid that is shaped in like form and action For the Lion is not said to be rampant because he representeth the shape of a Lion but in respect of his fierce and cruel action so this in like manner using the same actions may apertly participate the same terms of blazon his double shape notwithstanding Similium enim similis est ratio The Poets do feign that Dragons do keep or according to our English phrase sit abrood upon Riches and Treasures which are therefore committed to their charge because of their admirable sharpness of sight and for that they are supposed of all other living things to be the most valiant Adag col 515. whereof Ovid. Metamorph. 7. Pervigilem superest herbis sopire Draconem The Dragons are naturally so hot that they cannot be cooled by drinking of water but still gape for the Air to refresh them as appeareth Ieremiah 14. 6. And the wild Asses did stand in the high places they snuffed up the wind like Dragons their eyes did fail because there was no grass Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat Agnoâ—â— I know not what wicked eye hath bewitched my tender Lambs To these must be added Montegres Satyrs Monk-fishes as also Lions-dragons Lions-poisons and whatsoever other double shaped Animal of any two or more of the particular kinds before handled CHAP. XXVII UNTO this will I add some sorts of Animals which although they be duly shaped and therefore may seem to agree with those of the same kind formerly treated of yet do they much differ from them either in their unnatural postures and gestures or else being with some liberty-debarring instrument by mans industry and invention restrained of their natural freedom as by a chain or the like and therefore could not according to Methods strict rule have been handled promiscuously among the former Some few Examples of this kind of bearing of Animals of this sort in Coat-Armour I here present unto your view Argent a Lion rampant regardant Sable is the Coat of Thomas Mathew of Castle-Mengch in Glamorganshire Esq Or a Lion rampant regardant Sable is born by Iohn Lloyd of Keyswyn in Merionethshire Esq. This action doth manifest an inward and degenerate perturbation of the mind which is meerly repugnant to the most couragious nature of the Lion Cujus natura est imperterrita according to the saying Leo fortissimus bestiarum ad nullius pavebit occursum The form of bearing of the Lion regardant albeit in respect of his courage and magnanimity it be contrary to his natural quality for that it may be thought and is indeed generally holden to be a chief note of timorousness which is meerly contrary to his generous nature yet nevertheless it is good Armory not only in him but also in all other Animals of like bearing so long as they are born significantly and it fitteth our profession to interpret all sorts of bearing to the best that is to say to the most honour of their Bearers To the end therefore that I may give some satisfaction touching the commendable bearing thereof to such as do hold the contrary I hold the same form of bearing to be born not only in the Lion but in whatsoever other Animals significantly and therefore commendably forasmuch as such action betokeneth a diligent circumspection or regardful consideration of fore-passed events of things and comparing of them with things present that he may give a conjectural ghess of the effects of things yet to come and resting
in deliberation which proprieties are peculiar to men that are careful and considerate of such businesses as they do undertake Other sorts of bearing of Animals there be whose natural actions are hindred by reason of the apposition of certain Artificial Impediments as shall appear hereafter in these next following Escocheons No Beast can be truly said to be free that is tied about the neck which Aristotle observeth saying Nullum animal tunc est liberum quando collum suum vinculis habet solutum In the closing up of this third Section of Irrational Animals I will note unto you some few Examples not unworthy your observation of some other sorts of bearing than have been hitherto spoken of for that I would not willingly omit any thing worthy of note that may serve for your better information For I had rather you were ill furnished at my hands than that I should leave you altogether disfurnished The things that I purpose to note unto you in this place are briefly these to wit That there are some Coat-Armours whose Fields besides their grand Charge do admit some petite Charge to be annexed to the primer Charge Others there are wherein the Field being freed of such petty Charges the same are imposed upon the Charge it self Hence it is that we have so many Lions and other living things born Gutte Billette Escalloppe Pellette c. as by this that ensueth in part may be seen Sable Semy de Cinque-foils a Lion rampant Argent is born by the Name of Clifton The end of the third Section Felices essent Artes si de his solummodò Artifices judicarent THIS Fourth Section treateth of Coat-Armours formed of things Artificial that is of such things as are wrought by the Wit Art and Endeavour of Man for the use of Man whether we consider such Artificials as appertain to the use of Civil Life as the Ensigns of Dignities both Temporal and Ecclesiastical and of Professions both Liberal and Mechanical or else as they belong to the Life and Actions Military for Artificials being made for the behoof and several Uses of Men they are here proposed according to the several Actions and Estates of Men. Scientia non habet inimicum praeter ignorantem The Table of the Fourth Section Artificials as they are born in Coat-Armours are considered according to Mens Estates and Actions Civil in regard of Preheminence of dignity Temporal Supream as Emperours Kings Free States Subordinate as Princes Dukes Grand-Officers Magistrates c. and their ensigns are Born by the Persons themselves having such Dignity as Crowns Chapeaus Robes of Estate Scepters Mounds c. Born before them as tokens of such their Dignity as the Sword of Estate the Lord Chancellors Purse the great Mace c. Ecclesiastical Antichristian as Pope Cardinals c. Christian and Apostolical as Arch-bishops and Bishops c. and theirs likewise either Born or worn by the Persons themselves as the Triple Crown Cardinals Hat Pall Miter Croyâ—ier Born before them as the Cross Vierge c. Professions and Arts Liberal which are Cardinal or chief Faculties as Theology for our Souls Physick for our Bodies to which Surgery also is referred Law for our Fortunes Subordinate as the seven Sciences Grammar Logick Rhetorick Geometrey Musick Arithmetick Astronomy Mechanical For necessity and so principal as Agriculture Pasture Vine-dressing c. Clothing Tailery c. Armature Architecture Carpentry c. Navigation Venation Hunting Hawking Fishing For delight only and so less principal Cookery Embroidering Painting Carving Playing On Stage At Cards Dice Tables c. Military whereof some serve for Order whereof some are of Shew as Banners Pennons Guidhims Penonsels Standards c. Sound as Drum Trumpet Fife c. Execution of Order Invasive of which some are Missile as great Ordnances with their parts and appurtenances Bows Arrows Darts Slings c. Manual as Swords Spears Bills Partizans Glaives c. Defensive serving for Man and are for Defence only as Shields Pavices Targets Bucklers c. Defence and Habit as Caskes Helmets Gauntlets Corslets Curasses with their parts Horse and are ordained for Defence and Ornament as the Shaâ—rone Cranet Barde c. Common use as Bits Bridle Snaffles Saddle Stirrops Horse-shoes c. A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY SECT IV. CHAP. I. AS all Natural things of which hitherto we have intreated were made by the powerful hand of the Almighty and All-wise God for the use of Mankind so did God also endue Man with an admirable power infused into him with a reasonable Soul whereby every man might invent ways and means to help himself and one man to help another by the benefit of Arts for the better use of those things which God and Nature hath provided In which respects Art is reputed Naturae Simia Natures Ape for imitating those things which Nature herself hath framed as we see in Painting Poetry and the like But we may go further since Art goeth further and add That Art is also Natura Obstetrix Medica Leno Natures Midwife in helping her for the safer and better producing of her fruits as is Husbandry c. Natures Physician in preserving Natures works as Architecture Armature and Physick it self Lastly Art is Natures Pandor in setting her out to the most tempting and pleasing fashion by inventing those things that tend either to the adorning or delight so to please the senses and phansies with those things which in their own nature without Art would not be so contentful And therefore Aristotle yieldeth this reason of the invention of Arts Quia Natura multipliciter est ancilla multis angustiis oppressa idea inventa est Ars ut suppleat defectum Naturae Nature is much kept under and oppressed like an Handmaid and therefore Arts were inventted to supply those defects of Nature In this place therefore we intend from the works of Nature to come to the works of Art so far forth as they are used in Coat-Armour And here we must be born with if we use the word of Art in his largest signification including all Sciences and Knowledge whether Contemplative or Operative and Pratick whatsoever for so one hath defined it Art is the cunning of doing or teaching any thing by certain Rules or prescript forms And therefore some have thought Arts to be ab Arctando Quia arctis brevibusque praeceptis concluditur because it is comprised in brief and compendious Precepts whereas those who so call it quia per Artus operatur for the works of the limbs or joynts they comprehend only Arts Mechanical by that name Some more probably derive it from the Greek word Arete which signifieth Vertue because the perfect Skill or Art of doing any thing is properly the vertue of that Action In handling these Artificials I will follow our prescribed Order and begin with the Ensigns of the Actions of Estate Civil and first with the Highest and Sovereign as in Example The Kings Crown is arched to shew its correspondency to the Imperial
and that all over as in these following Examples Io. Buddenus in Wainflete's Life affirmeth his Name to be Patten of which Family this is the Paternal Coat And that he honoured the same with this Chief to acknowledge his Education in the Colledge of Eaton to which the Lilies do belong His words are these A parentibus saith he accepit hujus vitae usuram à Collegio decus dignitatem utrique pro eo ac debuit respondendum fuit Gessit idcirco in eodem clypeo utriusque insignia Rombos cum Liliis and thus briefly concluding this fifth Section comprehending Examples of Coat-Armours having no Tincture predominating in them and withal shewing their sundry forms of Partition Transmutation and Counterchanging I will address my self to the sixth and last Section The end of the Fifth Section Artis progressio velocius clauditur quam inchoatur THIS Sixth and last Section doth demonstrate the manner of Marshalling divers Coat-Armours pertaining to distinct Families in one Escocheon as well of those that by occasion of some adventitious Accident are annexed to the Paternal Coat of any Gentleman as of those that by reason of entermarriage of Persons descended of several Families are therein to be conjoyned Likewise the manner of the Bearing of Women not under Covert Baron The Table of the Sixth Section Marshalling is an orderly bestowing of things Within the Escocheon by a Disposition of Coat-Armours of distinct Families Manifest betokening Marriage Single as when two Coat-Armours of distinct Families are conjoyned in one Escoheon paleways in one Escocheon which we may call Baron and Feme Hereditary signified by bearing the Coat of the Feme Upon an Inescocheon by the Biron after Issue received Quarterly by their Heir Gift of the Sovereign in respect of Special favour Remuneration of service Obscure as when Persons of distinct Families conjoyned in Marriage have their Coat-Armours so marshalled as that they cannot be conceived thereby to signifie a Matrimonial Conjunction Without the Escocheon to wit Above the Escocheon such are the Helm Mantle Crown Chapeau Wreath or Torce and Crest About the Escocheon such are the several Orders founded by Persons of Majesty as Emperours Monarchs Kings Such are the most Honourable Orders of the Garter of Saint Michael Saint Espâ—ite c. Inferiour Dignity as the Orders of the Golden Fleece and of the Annunciation In some place near to the Escocheon On the sides of the Escocheon which being Living things the Arms are said to be supported by them Dead things the Arms are properly said to be cottised of or with such things Underneath the Escocheon such are the Compartments of Escrole containing the Motto Conceit or Word of the Bearer A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY SECT VI. CHAP. I. FROM our first ingress in this Book hitherto hath been handled at large the first part of the Division of this whole Work under the general Head of Blazoning wherein have been confined and illustrated Examples of the divers and variable kinds of bearing of all manner of Coat-Armours of whatsoever substance form or quality consisting together with the general and particular Rules in their proper places for the better instruction of the regardful Reader It now succeedeth in order to explain that other general Head being the second part of the first Division termed Marshalling Which term I am not ignorant of how farr extent it is not only in ordering the parts of an Armie but also for disposing of all persons and things in all Solemnities and Celebrations as Coronations Interviews Marriages Funerals Triumphs and the like in which the Office of an Herald is of principal use for direction of others and therefore his Learning Judgment and Experience ought to be able to direct himself in so weighty Affairs But that noble part of Marshalling is so absolutely already performed by the industrious Pen of the Judicious Sir William Segar Kt. late Garter and Principal King at Arms in his Book of Honour Military and Civil as that it were but Arrogancy joyn'd with Ignorance for me to intermeddle in an Argument so exactly handled Neither is here my purpose other than to confine my self to Armory only and so far only to speak of Marshalling as it concerns Coat-Armours This Marshalling therefore is an orderly disposing of sundry Coat-Armours pertaining to distinct Families and of their contingent Ornaments with their Parts and Appurtenances in their proper places Of these things some have their place within the Escocheon some without and of those within the Escocheon some have their occasions obscure other some manifest as are those whose Marshalling according to ancient and prescript forms do apparently either betoken Marriage or some gift of the Sovereign Such as betoken Marriage do represent either a Match single or hereditary By a single Match I mean the conjoyning of the Coat-Armours of a man and a woman descended of distinct Families in one Escocheon Pale-ways as by Examples following shall appear And this form of Impaling is divers according to the several Functions of persons whether Ecclesiastical or Temporal Such as have a Function Ecclesiastical and are preferred to the high honour of Pastoral Jurisdiction are reckoned to be knit in Nuptial bands of love and tender care to the Cathedral Churches whereof they are Superintendents insomuch as when a Bishop deceaseth Ejus Ecclesia dicitur viduata And therefore their Paternal Coat is evermore marshalled on the left side of the Escocheon giving the preheminence of the right side to the Arms of their See obreverentiam dignitatis Ecclesiasticae for the honour due to Ecclesiastical Dignity as also in respect that the Arms of such several Sees have in them a kind of perpetuity for that they belong to a Political Body which never dieth An Example of such Impaling is this which followeth and this manner of Bearing we may aptly call Baron and Femme The most Reverend Father in God Dr. William Lawde late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury his Grace Primate of all England and Metropolitan Chancellor of the University of Oxford and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council To these with the Readers patience shall be added two other Examples which in regard they are invironed with the Garter of the Order merit Observation Now because the Kings of Arms do sometimes in like manner as Bishops use impale the Arms peculiar to their several Offices together with their own Paternal Coats as Baron and Femme but always in such case marshalling the Paternal on the left side I will insert one of their impalements as in Example To the end it may be the better conceived what is meant by the right and left sides of an Escocheon or Coat-Armour born impaled after this manner you may imagine a man to be standing before you invested in a Coat depicted with the Arms of two several Families thus conjoyned in Pale and then that part that doth cover his right side will answer to your left So then accounting the Coat to