A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY MANIFESTING A more easie access to the Knowledge thereof than hath been hitherto published by any through the benefit of Method Whereunto it is now reduced by the Study and Industry OF JOHN GUILLIM Late Pursuivant at ARMS The Fifth Edition much enlarged with great variety of BEARINGS To which is added a TREATISE of HONOUR Military and Civil According to the Laws and Customs of ENGLAND collected out of the most Authentick Authors both Ancient and Modern by Capt. IOHN LOGAN ILLUSTRATEED With variety of SCVLPTVRES sutable to the several Subjects to which is added a Catalogue of the Atchievements of the NOBILITY of England with divers of the GENTRY for Examples of BEARINGS LONDON Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Blome and are sold by Francis Tyton Henry Brome Thomas Basset Richard Chiswell Iohn Wright and Thomas Sawbridge MDCLXXIX TO The most August CHARLES THE SECOND King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. Dread Sovereign HERE is a Firmament of Stars that shine not without your Benign Beam you are the Sun of our Hemisphere that sets a splendour on the Nobility For as they are Jewels and Ornaments to your Crown so they derive their lustre and value from thence From your Breast as from a Fountain the young Plants of Honour are cherisht and nurst up Your vertuous Atchievements are their Warrant and Example and your Bounty the Guerdon of their Merit And as all the Roman Emperours after Julius Caesar were desirous to be called Imperatores Caesares from him so shall all succeeding Princes in this our Albion in emulation of your Vertues be ambitious to bear your Name to Eternity Deign then Great Sir a gracious Reflex upon and Acceptation of this Display of Heraldry which though in it self is excellent yet thus illustrated by your Name will admit of no Comparison but render to the Publisher a share of Honour in that he is permitted into your Presence Being In all humility Your Majesties most submissive and obedient Subject and Servant RICHARD BLOME TO THE RIGHT NOBLE Henry Duke of Norfolk EARL-MARSHAL of ENGLAND Earl of Arundel Surrey Norfolk and Norwich Lord Howard Moubray Segrave Brews of Gower Fitz-Allen Clun Oswalstree Maltravers Graystock and Howard of Castle-Rising c. AND TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ROBERT Earl of ALISBVRY and ELGIN VISCOUNT Bruce of Ampthill Baron Bruce of Whorlton Skelton and Kinloss Hereditary High-Steward of the Honour of Ampthill Lord Lieutenant of the County of Bedford and High-Steward of Leicester and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel his Graces Substitute for the Officiating the said Office of Earl-Marshal Most Honoured Lords THIS Treatise next to his Sacred Majesty Honours Grand General must necessarily be dependant on your Lordships Honours Earl-Marshal to whose Protection and Patronage it is also most humbly Dedicated by My Lords Your Graces and Honours most Submissive Servant Richard Blome To the most Concerned the NOBILITY AND GENTRY My Lords and Gentlemen THis inestimable Piece of Heraldry that had past the Press four times with much approbation had the unhappy Fate in the last to have a Blot in its Escocheon viz. the Insertion of Oliver's Creatures which as no Merit could enter them in such a Regiment but Vsurpation so we have in this Impression exploded them and inserted the Persons Titles and Dignities of such as his Majesty since his blessed Restauration conferred Honour upon that so the Corn may be intire of one Sheaf and the Grapes of one Vine To this Impression is added A Treatise of Honour Military and Civil which I do own to have received from Captain David Logan of Idbury in Oxfordshire whose Manuscript is not exactly observed by omitting the Quotations in his Papers as being unwilling to swell the Volume unto too large a bulk and the rather being confident he asserts nothing without the Authority of good Authors putting my Confidence in his Care who is tender enough of his Honour and Loyalty Vertues inherent in his Blood and Name witness the Scotisâ— Histories although unfortunate therein three or four Ages ago Nor may this Treatise be without some Errors committed by the Press and that occasioned by his great distance in the Countrey which if any shall be corrected in the next Impression begging the Readers pardon for the present R. B. Mr. Guillim's PREFACE TO THE READER HOW difficult a thing it is to produce form out of things shapeless and deformed and to prescribe limits to things confused there is none but may easily perceive if he shall take but a sleight view of the Chaos-like contemperation of things not only diverse but repugnant in Nature hitherto concorporated in the generous Profession of Heraldry as the forms of the pure Caelestial Bodies mix'd with gross Terrestrials Earthly Animals with Watery Savage Beasts with Tame Whole-footed Beasts with Divided Reptiles with things Gressible Fowls of Prey with Home-bred these again with River-Fowls Airy Insecta with Earthly also things Natural with Artificial Arts Liberal with Mechanical Military with Rustical and Rustick with Civil Which confused mixture hath not a little discouraged many persons otherwise well affected to the study of Armory and impaired the estimation of the Profession For redress whereof my self though unablest of many have done my best in this my Display of Heraldry to dissolve this deformed Lump distributing and digesting each particular thereof into his peculiar Rank wherein albeit the issue of my Enterprise be not answerable to the height of my desires yet do I assure my self my labour herein will not be altogether fruitless forasmuch as hereby I have broken the Ice and made way to some after-comers of greater Gifts and riper Judgment that they may give a fairer body to this my delineated rough draught or shadow of a new-framâ—d method For if men of greatest skill have failed to give absolute form to their works notwithstanding their best endeavours with little reason may such perfection be expected from me whose Talent is so small as that I am forced to build wholly upon other mens Foundations and therefore may be thought to have undertaken an idle task in writing of things formerly handled and published by persons of more sufficiency and greater judgment Notwithstanding who knoweth not that as every man hath his proper conceit and invention so hath he his several drift and purpose so as divers men writing of one self Argument do handle the same diversty which being so what letteth that every of us writing in a diverse kind may not without offence to other use our uttermost endeavours to give unto this erst unshapely and disproportionable profession of Heraldry a true Symmetria and proportionable correspondence of each part to other Inasmuch if I be not deceived both they and my self do all aim at one mark which is so to adorn and beautifie this Science as that it being purged from her wonted deformities may become more plausible to many and be
under the said King Edward until he was restored to his Estate in Gascoign by the Peace made betwixt the two Crowns Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl was the Coat-Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman who was made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror He flew in Battel Malcombe King of Scots and his eldest Son but after rebelling against William Rufus was taken prisoner in Northumberland and kept in Winchester prison till the reign of Henry the First and then died without issue after whose decease King Henry the First gave all his Lands and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine whose Son was called Mowbray of whom descended the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk And this Coat is now quartered by the honourable and flourishing Family of the Howards Ruby a Lion rampant Topaz is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Carbery Baron Vaughan of Emblin and Molingar and one of the Lords of his Majesties most honourable Privy Council Saphire a Lion rampant Pearl is the Coat of the Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew Baron of Stean descended from Eustace Crew who came into England with William the Conqueror and was made Baron of Monthalte Argent a Lion rampant Sable is the Coat-Armour of the Stapletons of Yorkshire Sable a Lion rampant Argent is born by Edmond Lewis Carn-Lloyd in Glamorganshire Esquire and by Edward Lewis of the Van in the said County Esquire As touching the bearing of the Lion after this manner I hold that then he may be truly said to be rampant when he standeth so directly upright as that the crown of his head doth answer to the plant of his foot whereupon he standeth in a perpendicular line and not by placing of the left foot in the dexter corner of the Escocheon as Leigh would have it As the former Example sheweth the gesture of the Lion pursuing his prey so this sheweth his gesture in seizing on it when he hath attained it Ruby a Lion rampant within a Bordure engrailed Pearl is born by the Right Honourable Ralph Lord Grey Baron of Warke of whose Family was Sir Iohn Grey who for his good Service in France was by King Henry the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the said Kingdom This Coat is also born by Sir Roger Mostyn of Mostyn in Flintshire Knight and Baronet and by William Mostyn of Rhyd in the said County Esquire Argent three Lions rampant and a Chief Gules is the Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Yelverton of Easton-Manduit in Northamptonshire Baronet The Lion saith Farnesius is a lively Image of a good Souldier who must be valiant of Courage strong of Body politick in Counsel and a foe to fear Such a one was the most valiant Prince Richard the Second surnamed Cour de Lion whose renowned Adventures suited with all courage and politick care gave him the eternal Name of the Lion-heart This Coat is also born by the Right Honourable William Herbert Earl and Baron of Powis and by the Right Honourable Edward Lord Herbert Baron of Cherbury and Castle-Island This Coat is also born by the Family of the Progers amongst whom is Charles Proger Herbert of Gwerndy in Monmouthshire Esq one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Privy chamber By Edward Proger Herbert Esq one of the Grooms of his Majesties Bed-chamber And by Henry Proger Herbert Esq one of his Majesties Ecqueties Ermyn on a Chief Azure three Lions rampant Or by the Name of Aucher and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Anthony Aucher of Bishops-bourn in the County of Kent Knight and Baronet Sable two Lions rampant combatant Or is born by Nicholas Carter of London Dr. in Physick Leigh saith That these were two Lions of sundry Regions which of manhood must combate only for Government For the Lion is as desirous of mastery as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour which if it be in a just Title and Claim is a vertue in a King and no way to be disliked For it was a Royal Apothegm worthy that great King Nemo me major nisi qui justior I acknowledge no King greater than my self but he that is juster There are yet other forms of bearing the Lion than are hitherto expressed as in these next Escocheons may be seen This Coat is also born by Thomas Wyndham of Tale in Devonshire Esq one of the Grooms of his now Majesties Bedchamber third Son of Sir Edmond Wyndham of Cathanger in Somersetshire Knight Marshal of his Majesties most Honourable Houshold and lineally descended of the ancient Family of the Wyndhams of Crown-Thorp in Norfolk The Lion beareth his tail after a diverse manner insomuch as we may thereby if not certainly know yet give a near ghess what a mood he is in for the present viz. whether he be furiously bent or peaceable or majestically affected And these qualities are manifestly discerned by the Inversion Eversion or Extension c. of his tail Here may rise a Question Whether the bearing of the tail of the Lion in any of these several manners be a sufficient difference to prevent all causes of challenge For my own part albeit I have not read or seen in Gerard Leigh Boswell Ferne or any other Armorial Writers the state of this Question handled I hold that they be differences sufficient to debarr all challenge My Reasons are these first Sufficit quod inter arma mea tua talis sit differentia qua detur diversitas And again Nova forma dat novum esse rei I hold them not only to be differences secundum quid but simpliciter that is to say absolute and essential differences Furthermore Data una dissimilitudine etiam paria judicabuntur diversa Moreover experience sheweth us That the least addition or subtraction in Armorial signs maketh them cease to be the same that they were Omnia Arma Arithmeticis figuris sunt simillima quibus si quid addas vel subtrahas non remanet eadem species as I have formerly shewed Finally for approbation of these my Opinions I will add this infallible Assertion Ea differunt quorum definitiones differunt These are my Reasons that induce me to be of this Opinion that the diverse manner of bearing of the tail of the Lion as aforesaid are or may be without exception essential differences which nevertheless I referr to the judicious censure of the Learned in this Profession who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds But because Demonstration is the best of Arguments to convince the incredulous it is apparent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned differs not from that of Smeres but only in the manner of the bearing of the tail both of them being Argent a Lion rampant Sable only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and turned over the head of the Lion as it more plainly appears before in this present Chapter Now as touching particularizing of the beforementioned assertion I say that the Eversion of the tail of the Lion is an express token of his placability or tractableness as
must again referr the Reader for satisfaction therein the discourse thereof being altogether impertinent to my intended purpose in this present Work Yet here you must observe that a man being admitted into the Society and Fraternity of any two of the Honourable Orders before mentioned he may in setting forth his Atchievement adorn the samewith the chief Ornaments or Collars of both these Orders whereof he is elected and admitted a Fellow and Companion by placing one of the Ornaments next to his Shield and the other without the same In such manner did the most high and mighty Lord Thomas Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshall of England bear the chief Ornaments of the Orders of the Garter and of Saint Michael But leaving those peculiar Ornaments of Sovereigns or others I return to those that are communicable by a certain right as well to those called Nobiles majores as to Sovereigns Such are those which are said to be placed on the sides of the Atchievements representing sometimes things living and sometimes dead But these of some Blazoners are termed Supporters whose conceit therein I can hardly approve Quia diversorum diversa est ratio and therefore the Blazon that I would give unto things so different in Nature is that if things be living and seize upon the Shield then shall they be called properly Supporters but if they are inanimate and touch not the Escocheon then shall such Arms be said to be not supported but cotised of such and such things For how can those be properly said to support that touch not the thing said to be supported by them Therefore Nomina sunt aptanda rebus secundum rationis normam To persons under the degree of a Knight Banneret it is not permitted to bear their Arms supported that Honour being peculiar to those that are called Nobiles majores And these Cotises have their name agreeable to the thing whose quality they represent and are so called as we elsewhere shewed of Costa the Rib either of man or beast for it is proper to the Rib to inclose the Entrails of things Animal and to adde form and fashion to the body in like manner do these inclose the Coat-Armour whereunto they are annexed and do give a comely grace and ornament to the same Another ornament there is externally annexed to Coat-Armour and that is the Motto or Word which is the Invention or Conceit of the Bearer succinctly and significantly contrived for the most part in three or four words which are set in some Scroll or Compartiment placed usually at the foot of the Escocheon and as it holdeth the lowest place so is it the last in blazoning Of this word Abra. Franc. writeth in this manner Quod à recentioribus verba quaedom ipsis Armis subjiciantur videtur id nuper inventum ad imitationem eorum quae Symbola à nobis appellantur And indeed the Motto should express something intended in the Atchievement though use hath now received whatsoever fancy of the Deviser and this Motto is of universal use to all Gentry and Nobility of what rank soever Now as touching the blazoning of these Ornaments exteriorly annexed to any Coat-Armour it is to be considered that we are not tied to that strict observation in them as in the blazoning of things born within the Escocheon for these are the essential parts of Coats and those meerly Accidental For the Crest or Timber Wreath Mantle Helm c. saith Ferne are no part of the Coat-Armour but Additions to Atchievements added not many hundred years ago to the Coats of Gentry And therefore when you have aptly set forth all the Fields and Charges and their Colours contained within the Escocheon your Blazon is done so that when we shall describe any of those Exteriour Ornaments we stand at liberty for naming of our Colours and in those it is held no fault to name one Colour twice AN ACCOUNT OF SOME Coats of Arms Omitted in the foregoing SECTIONS VVhich in the next Impression shall be inserted in their proper places The Right Honourable Iohn Fitz-Gerard Earl of Kildare primier Earl of the Kingdom of Ireland beareth for his Lordships Paternal Coat-Armour Pearl a Saltire Ruby He beareth Argent three Cinquefoils Gules by the Name of Darcey This with the Arms of Vlster is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Darcey of St. Clere-hall in St. Oseth in the County of Essex Baronet He beareth Argent on a Chief indented Gules three Crosses forme of the Field by the Name of Percivale This with the Arms of Vlster is the bearing of Sir Philip Percivale of Burton in the County of Corke in Ireland Baronet descended from the Percivales of North-weston near Bristol in Somersetshire The Family came into England with William the Conqueror and were before of Vile near Caen in Normandy He beareth◠Azure a Falcon volant Argent armed jessed and belled Or within a Bordure Ermyn by the Name of Fairborne and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Palmes Fairborne of Newark in Nottinghamshire Kt. Lieutenant-Governour of Tangier Lieutenant Colonel to the Regiment there residing and Commissary-General of his Majesties Army in Flanders a person of an approved valour and conduct as is evidenced by those worthy exploits performed by him not only in the service of the Venetians in their wars by Sea and Land against the Ottoman Empire but also since his Majesties most happy restauration in the several Trusts committed to his management and commands at Tangier where on the 19th of September 1675. he was commanded by the Right Honourable the Earl of Inchequin Governour thereof to sally out into the Fields of Tangier in order to the securing several Provisions lodged near that place as his Lordship was informed by one Hamett a Moor who made himself a Christian for the carrying on the design with the better success but by the valour and good conduct of the said Sir Palmes he made his retreat from a great body of Moors and having got the outmost Lines of Tangier mist his Reserve by which he did conclude that the said Reserve had come up to his Succour whereupon he advanced the second time near two miles distant from the said Lines where he was attacked Front Flank and Rear with about three thousand Foot and Horse he having not above three hundred in his party which he brought off with the loss only of twelve killed and six and thirty wounded but the Moors had a very great loss to his immortal Fame He also by his great prudence and valour quelled two Mutinies at Tangier He beareth two Coats impaled Baron and Femme first Gules two Barrs Argent by the Name of Martyn and is thus born by Nicholas Martyn of Lincolus-Inn in Middlesex Esq son and heir of Nicholas Martyn of Lincolns-Inn aforesaid Esq deceased who was descended from the Family of the Martyns anciently of Admiston alias Athelhamston in Dorsetshire impaled with Gules an Eagle displayed Or crowned Argent in right of his Wife
Accidents should have such power in them For Aristotle Physicorum 1. saith Accidentia possunt miraculose non alias mutare subjectum Accidents change not their Subject but by Miracle Addition doubtless and Subtraction are of greater force than Transmutation or Location yet is there no such power in them as that they can alter the essence of any thing Quia augmentum vel diminutio saith Chassanaeus circa accidentia contractuum non reponunt contractum in diverso esse neque per ea intelligitur ab eo in substantialibus recessus the adding or diminishing of Accidents makes not the thing lose the nature of his being This Coat with the Arms of Vlster is born by Sir Iohn Molineux of Teversal in Nottinghamshire Baronetâ— and with the Arms of Vlster with a due difference is born by Darcy Molineux of Mansfield in the said County Esq Nephew to the said Sir Iohn Leigh in Blazoning of this form of Cross maketh no mention at all of the piercing thereof perhaps because it resembleth the Ink of a Mill which is evermore pierced This is termed Quarter pierced quasi Quadrate pierced for that the piercing is square as a Trencher The Augmentation born on the Bend was granted unto the Right Noble Thomas Duke of Norfolk and to his Descendants by King Henry the Eighth for his signal Service as General of the Army which gave that remarkable overthrow at Floding to King Iames the Fourth of Scotland which said Duke was by King Henry the Seventh created Knight of the Garter and made Lord High Treasurer of England So much of the Cross with the Accidents thereof Now of that other Ordinary that is framed also of a fourfold Line that is to say a Saltire A Saltire is an Ordinary consisting of a fourfold Line whereof two are drawn from the Dexter chief towards the Sinister base corners and the other from the Sinister chief towards the Dexter base points and do meet about the midst by couples in acute Angles I know the Learned Geometer will find many more Lines here than I do mention but as I said of Lines in the Cross this our description greeth best with Heralds and our purpose Azure a Saltier Argent is the Coat-Armour of Sir William York of Burton-Pedwardin in Lincolnshire Knight Sable a Saltier Argent is born by the name of Ducket of Steeple-Morden in Cambridgeshire In old time saith Leigh this was made of the height of a man and was driven full of Pins the use whereof was to scale the Walls therewith to which end the Pins served commodiously In those days saith he the Walls of a Town were but low as appeareth by the Walls of Rome which Rhemus easily leaped over and the Walls of Winchester which were overlooked by Colebrand the Chieftain of the Danes who was slain by Guy Earl of Warwick who was Champion for King Athelstane Argent a Saltier engrailed Sable by the Name of Middleton This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir George Middleton of Leighton near Warton in Lancashire Baronet CHAP. VIII HAving hitherto shewed at large the several forms of making of such Charges as we call honourable Ordinaries Order requireth that I should now shew their diverse manner of Bearing according to our prefixed Distribution These are born Simple Compound Those are said to be born Simple when only Ordinaries do appear in the Field These Ordinaries comprehend One sort Divers sorts Ordinaries are said to be of one sort when only one kind of them is born in the Field without mixture of any other Whose bearing is Single Manifold By single Bearing I understand some one Ordinary born alone in the Escocheon such are these precedent Examples before handled By manifold bearing of Ordinaries I mean the bearing of divers Ordinaries of the same kind whether the same be born of themselves alone or else conjunctly with some of their Subdivisions Which form of bearing is twofold viz. One upon another One besides another What is meant by the bearing of Ordinaries of one kind one upon another may be easily conceived by these four Escocheons next following Proceed we now to Examples of Ordinaries of the same kind born one besides another such are these next following and their like The Field is Argent two Bends Gules This Coat-Armour I find in an ancient Manuscript of Collection of Englishmens Arms in Metal and Colours with the Blazon in French of the time of our Henry the Sixth as it is apparent by the Character of the Letter over which Coat-Armour is there written the Bearers name viz. Monsieur Iohn Haget from whom Mr. Bartholomew Haget late Consul of Aleppo deriveth his descent This Book at this present remaineth in the custody of a worthy Friend of mine a curious Collector and careful Preserver of such ancient Monuments Gules two Bends the upper Or and the lower Argent was born by Milo Fitz-water who by King Henry the First was made Earl of Hereford and Constable of England and Lord of the Forest of Dean in right of his Wife Daughter and Heir of Bernard Newmarch Lord of Brecknock This Coat is now quartered by Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Claydon in Buckinghamshire Mr. Boswell in his Works of Armory observeth That the Bearer of such Bends as these or of the like Coat-Armour may be thought to have done some great enterprise upon the Seas worthy of perpetual commendation As for Ordinaries of other sorts born likewise one besides another of the same kind behold these next Examples Now from Ordinaries of the same kind born one upon another with their extracted Subdivisions proceed we to Ordinaries of divers kinds and their Diminutives abstracted from them eftsoons found likewise born both one upon another and one besides another Such are these next following and their like Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds born one besides another you shall have these Examples ensuing Robert Lisle who was a Baron in the times of King Edward the Second and Edward the Third bore the same Coat-Armour And divers ancient and eminent Nobles of this Kingdom do rightfully quarter these Arms being descended from the Heirs generally of the Family of Lisle Or a Fess between two Chevrons Gules was the Coat of Anselme Lord Fitz-water in the time of the Conquest of whom did descend Walter Fitz-water who had a Daughter and Heir that married to Robert Radcliff Father of Robert Radcliff Lord Fitz-water of whom descended Robert Radcliff Earl of Sussex and Viscount Fitz-water of which Family of Sir Francis Radcliff of Dilston in Northumberland Baronet now living 1675. The End of the Second Section Naturalia sunt specula eorum quae non videntur THis Third Section beginneth to treat of such Charges of Coat-Armours as are called Common Charges whereof some be Natural and meerly formal such are Angels and Spirits and others are both Formal and Material as the Sun Moon Stars as also such Natures as are Sublunary whether they be living after a sort as all
or treading of all Beasts of Venery and Chase. That of a Hart Buck and all Fallow Deer Boar is termed SLot View Tract or Treading That of an Hare is tearmed according to her several Courses for when she keepeth in plain fields and chaseth about to deceive the Hounds it is said she Doubleâ—h but when she beateth the plain high-way where you may yet perceive her footing it is said she Pricketh Tearms of the Tayl. That of a Hart Buck Roe or any other Deer Boar Fox Wolf Hare and Coney is tearmed his Tayl. Single Wreath Bush or holy water sprinkle Stern Scut The fat of all sorts of Deer is called Suet. Also it may be very well said This Deer was a high Deer's Grease The fat of a Roe Boar and Hare is termed Bevy Grease Grease You shall say that a Hart Harboureth Buck Lodgeth Roe Beddeth Hare Seateh or Formeth Coney Sitteth Fox Kenneleth You shall say a Deer Hare Fox is Broken Cased Uncased You shall say Dislodge Start Unkennel Rowse Bowlt the Buck. Hare Fox Hart. Coney You shall say a Hart or Buck Roe Boar Hare or Coney Fox Wolf goeth to his the Rut. Tourn Brym Buck. Clicketting Match or to his Make. Tearms excogitated and used by Foresters Tou shall say a Hart Belloweth Buck Groaneth Roe Belleth Hare and Coney Beateth or Tappeth Fox Barketh Wolf Howleth You shall say a Litter of Cubs Nest of Rabbets Skilful Foresters and good Woodmen Do use to say a Herd Of Harts Herd All manner of Deer Bevy Roes Sounder Swine Rowt Wolyes Riches Marternes Brace or Lease Bucks Brace or Lease Foxes Brace or Lease Hares Couple Rabbets or Conies These are apt tearms of Hunting pertaining both to Beasts of Venery and of Chase. Whereas some men are of opinion that a Stag of what age soever he be shall not be called a Hart until the King or Queen have hunted him that is not so For after the fifth year of his age you shall no more call him a Stag but a Hart. So then at six years old he is called a Hart. Now if the King or Queen do hunt or chase him and he escape away alive then after such hunting or chasing he is called a Hart Royal. Note That if this Hart be by the King or Queen so hunted or chased that he be forced out of the Forest so farr that it is unlike that he will of himself return thitherto again and then the King or Queen giveth him over either for that he is weary or because he cannot recover him for that such a Hart hath shewed the King pastime for his delight and is also as Budeus noteth Eximius Cervus a goodly Hart and for that the King would have him return to the Forest again he causeth open Proclamation to be made in all Towns and Villages near to the place where the same Hart so remaineth That no manner of person or persons shall kill hurt hunt or chase him but that he may safely return to the Forest again from whence he came And then ever after such a Hart is called a Hart Royal proclaimed So that there are three sorts of Harts viz. Hart. Hart Royal. and Hart Royal proclaimed A Hind hath these Degrees First Second Third Year is called a Calf Brockets sister Hinde Good Foresters have observed that when a Hart hath past his sixth year he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenne and afterwards according to the increase of this Head Whether he be Crochod Palmed or Crowned When he breaketh Herd and draweth to the Thickets or Coverts the Foresters or Woodmen do say He taketh his hold Skilfull Woodmen describing the Head of a Hart do call the a Round Roll next the Head The Burr b Main Horn Beam c Lowest Antlier Browantliers d Next above thereunto Bezantliers e Next above that Royal. f Upper part of all Surroyal top And in a Buck's head they say c Burr b Beam d Braunche e Advancers a Palm Spellers And though every Gentleman is not an Armorist or a skilfull Woodman yet it is well-beseeming men of a generous race to have a superficial skill in either of these professions forasmuch as they both especially the former do well beseem the dignity of a Gentleman the one tending to the delight and recreation of the mind and the other to the health solace and exercise of the body that so in their mutual converse they may be able to deliver their minds in fit tearms in either kind and not in speeches either vulgar or obsolâ—te For which cause I here set down the tearms appropriated by skilfull Foresters and Woodmen to Beasts of Chase according to their several Names Seasons Degrees and Ages like as I have formerly done of Beasts of Venery as in Example Of Beasts of Chase the Buck is the first And is tearmed the First year a Fawn Second Pricket Third Sorel Fourth Sore Fifth Buck of the first head Sixth Buck or great Buck. Next to the Buck is the Doe being accounted the second Beast of Chase And is termed the First year a Fawn Second Prickets sister Third Doe The third Beast of Chase is a Fox which albeit he be said to be politick and of much subtilty yet is the variety of tearms of a Fox very scarce For in the First year he is called a Cub Second Fox Afterwarwards an old Fox or the like The Martern or Marton as some old Foresters or Woodmen do tearm them being the fourth Beast of Chase hath these tearms He is called the First year a Martern Cub Second Martern The fifth and last Beast of Chase is the Roe whose proper tearms pertaining to Chase are these He is said to be the First year a Kid. Second Girl Third Hein use Fourth Roe-buck of the first head Fifth Farr Roe-buck These Beasts of Chase do make their abode all the day time in the Fields and upon the Hills and high Mountains where they may see round about them afar off for preventing their danger For these are more timerous of their own safety than dangerous and harmful to men And in the night time when men be at rest and all things quiet then do they make their repair to the Corn-fields and Medows for food and relief for which respect they are called Campesties because they do haunt the Field and Champion grounds more than the Woods and thick Coverts or Thickets as we do most usually observe them This Coat with the difference of a second Brother is born by Iohn Bowen of Swansey in the said County Esq This Coat is also born by the Right Honourable William Earl of Devonshire Baron Cavendish of Hardwick and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Derby Gules three Bucks heads cabosed Argent is born by the Name of D'oyley and is the Coat-Armour of Sir VVilliam D'oyley of St. Margarets VVestminster in Middlesex Kt. Son and Heir of Sir VVilliam D'oyley of Shotisham in Norfolk Knight and Baronet Gules three Stags heads cabosed Or attired Argent is born
that the generous sort of Lions have For these respects the degenerate brood of Lions are called in Latin Imbelles Leones that is Heartless and Cowardly Lions whereas the true Lion is termed in Latin Generosus Leo quia generosum est quod à natura sua non degeneravit That is generous which degenerateth not from his kind by which reason a man of Noble Descent and Ignoble Conditions is not truly generous because he degenerateth from the Vertues of his Ancestors Lions Bears Wolves and other beasts of ravening kind when they are born in Arms feeding you must tearm them in blazon Raping and tell whereon To all beasts of prey Nature hath assigned teeth and talons of crooked shape and therewithal of great sharpness to the end they may strongly seize upon and detain their prey and speedily rend and divide the same And therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind you must not omit to mention their teeth and tallons which are their only Armour for by them they are distinguished from those tame and harmless beasts that have their teeth knocked out and their nails pared so near to the quick as that they can neither bite nor scratch with much harm Those teeth and tallons are for the most part in Coat-Armours made of a different colour from the bodies of the beasts and therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind when you speak of their teeth or tallons you shall say they are thus or thus Armed So likewise if you please to speak of their tongues you shall say they are thus or thus Langued To bear a Lion or whatsoever Animal in a diverse colour from his kindly or natural colour as to bear a blue green red purple Lion Bear c. or whatsoever other colour different from that which is natural unto him is not a bearing reproachful though disagreeing to his Nature if we consider of the occasion of their primary constitution for that the custome of such bearing seemeth to have proceeded from eminent persons who habiting themselves either for their sports of Hunting or for Military Services as best fitted their phantasies would withal sute their Armours and Habiliments with colours answerable to their habits with the shapes and portraitures of forged and counterfeit Animals Or else perhaps by occasion of some civil tumults as that between the Guelphi and the Gibelini in Italy they perhaps of each faction bearing Lions Bears and Wolves or other Animals to avoid confusion and to the end the one of them should not be entrapped by the other of the contrary faction when they were intermixed one with another and that their valorous actions might be more particularly discerned from the other they distinguished themselves by different and unlike coloured Garments that so each Governour and Leader might know those that were of his own faction The like may we observe to have been of late years used among ourselves when private factions have sprung amongst us one sort was known from others of the contrary faction by a Carnation Ribond worn about or in his Hat or by a Crimson Feather or other thing the contrary faction wearing like thing but in a different colour or fashion The Lion saith Vpton passing thorow stony places doth contract his Tallons within his flesh and so walketh on his feet as if he had no Tallons at all keeping them exceeding choicely lest he should dull and blunt their sharpness and so become less able to attach and rend his prey And this property seemeth not to be peculiar to a Lion but common to all beasts of rapine as Pliny ascribeth the same property to Leopards Panthers and such other as well as to the Lion Not only Lions but also all other beasts of ravenous kind according to Bekenhawb do bring forth their young in some part defective as Lions do produce their Whelps dead Dogs bring them forth blind Bears deformed and shapeless c. For Nature would not that they should attain perfection in the womb in regard of the safety of their Dam lest in their production they should spoil and rent her womb by their teeth and tallons Other more particular Rules there are concerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of beasts of Rapine which shall follow in their more convenient places In the mean time let us proceed to Examples that may give life and approbation to those premised Rules Praecepta enim quantumvis bona concinna mortua sunt nisi ipse auditor variis exemplis ea percipiat Good and fit Precepts are but dead unless Examples give them life Of which Opinion was Leo the Tenth when he said Plus valent exempla quà m praecepta Et melius docemur vitâ quam verbo Examples are more forcible than Precepts And our lives teach more than our words Sol a Lion passant Guardant Mars was born by Brutus Son of Silvius Posthumus who coming out of Italy with the remnant of the Trojans found out this Island of Great Britain and reigned four and twenty years Or two Lions passant guardant Gules is the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir William Ducy of Tortworth in Glocestershire Knight of the Bath and Baronet now Viscount Down in Ireland Gules two Lions passant guardant Argent by the Name of L'Estrange a Family of good antiquity of which is Sir Nicholas L'Estrange of Hunstanton in Norfolk Baronet and Roger L'Estrange of St. Giles's in the Fields in Middlesex Esquire Gules two Lions passant guardant Or was the Coat-Armour of William Duke of Normandy base Son of Robert Duke of Normandy who in Anno 1066. having slain King Harold in Battel seized the Kingdom and reigned almost One and twenty years since which time his Heirs have happily enjoyed his Crown and Dignity King Henry the Second being Duke of Aquitain and Guion in the right of his Grandmother and Duke of Normandy in right of his Mother joyned the Arms of Guion which was a Lion passant guardant unto that of Normandy and England which was Gules three Lions passant guardant Or. Now that Lions and Lioncels are born in Arms the first with interposition of some of the Ordinaries the other charged upon Ordinaries the following Examples will make it manifest and in blazoning of such Coat-Armours care must be taken to observe and remember what concerning this point of their difference I have even now delivered Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl This is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Louis Duras Baron Duras of Holmby one of the Captains of his Majesties Horse Guards and Privy Purse to his Royal Highness Iames Duke of York brother to the Duke and Marshal Duras as also to the Marshal de Lorge in France and Nephew to the late Marshal de Turein in the said Kingdom one of whose Ancestors viz. Galliard Lord Duras was in the Reign of K. Edward the Fourth Knight of the Garter being one of the last of Gascoign that held for the Crown of England where he came and continued in great Employments
in deliberation which proprieties are peculiar to men that are careful and considerate of such businesses as they do undertake Other sorts of bearing of Animals there be whose natural actions are hindred by reason of the apposition of certain Artificial Impediments as shall appear hereafter in these next following Escocheons No Beast can be truly said to be free that is tied about the neck which Aristotle observeth saying Nullum animal tunc est liberum quando collum suum vinculis habet solutum In the closing up of this third Section of Irrational Animals I will note unto you some few Examples not unworthy your observation of some other sorts of bearing than have been hitherto spoken of for that I would not willingly omit any thing worthy of note that may serve for your better information For I had rather you were ill furnished at my hands than that I should leave you altogether disfurnished The things that I purpose to note unto you in this place are briefly these to wit That there are some Coat-Armours whose Fields besides their grand Charge do admit some petite Charge to be annexed to the primer Charge Others there are wherein the Field being freed of such petty Charges the same are imposed upon the Charge it self Hence it is that we have so many Lions and other living things born Gutte Billette Escalloppe Pellette c. as by this that ensueth in part may be seen Sable Semy de Cinque-foils a Lion rampant Argent is born by the Name of Clifton The end of the third Section Felices essent Artes si de his solummodò Artifices judicarent THIS Fourth Section treateth of Coat-Armours formed of things Artificial that is of such things as are wrought by the Wit Art and Endeavour of Man for the use of Man whether we consider such Artificials as appertain to the use of Civil Life as the Ensigns of Dignities both Temporal and Ecclesiastical and of Professions both Liberal and Mechanical or else as they belong to the Life and Actions Military for Artificials being made for the behoof and several Uses of Men they are here proposed according to the several Actions and Estates of Men. Scientia non habet inimicum praeter ignorantem The Table of the Fourth Section Artificials as they are born in Coat-Armours are considered according to Mens Estates and Actions Civil in regard of Preheminence of dignity Temporal Supream as Emperours Kings Free States Subordinate as Princes Dukes Grand-Officers Magistrates c. and their ensigns are Born by the Persons themselves having such Dignity as Crowns Chapeaus Robes of Estate Scepters Mounds c. Born before them as tokens of such their Dignity as the Sword of Estate the Lord Chancellors Purse the great Mace c. Ecclesiastical Antichristian as Pope Cardinals c. Christian and Apostolical as Arch-bishops and Bishops c. and theirs likewise either Born or worn by the Persons themselves as the Triple Crown Cardinals Hat Pall Miter Croyâ—ier Born before them as the Cross Vierge c. Professions and Arts Liberal which are Cardinal or chief Faculties as Theology for our Souls Physick for our Bodies to which Surgery also is referred Law for our Fortunes Subordinate as the seven Sciences Grammar Logick Rhetorick Geometrey Musick Arithmetick Astronomy Mechanical For necessity and so principal as Agriculture Pasture Vine-dressing c. Clothing Tailery c. Armature Architecture Carpentry c. Navigation Venation Hunting Hawking Fishing For delight only and so less principal Cookery Embroidering Painting Carving Playing On Stage At Cards Dice Tables c. Military whereof some serve for Order whereof some are of Shew as Banners Pennons Guidhims Penonsels Standards c. Sound as Drum Trumpet Fife c. Execution of Order Invasive of which some are Missile as great Ordnances with their parts and appurtenances Bows Arrows Darts Slings c. Manual as Swords Spears Bills Partizans Glaives c. Defensive serving for Man and are for Defence only as Shields Pavices Targets Bucklers c. Defence and Habit as Caskes Helmets Gauntlets Corslets Curasses with their parts Horse and are ordained for Defence and Ornament as the Shaâ—rone Cranet Barde c. Common use as Bits Bridle Snaffles Saddle Stirrops Horse-shoes c. A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY SECT IV. CHAP. I. AS all Natural things of which hitherto we have intreated were made by the powerful hand of the Almighty and All-wise God for the use of Mankind so did God also endue Man with an admirable power infused into him with a reasonable Soul whereby every man might invent ways and means to help himself and one man to help another by the benefit of Arts for the better use of those things which God and Nature hath provided In which respects Art is reputed Naturae Simia Natures Ape for imitating those things which Nature herself hath framed as we see in Painting Poetry and the like But we may go further since Art goeth further and add That Art is also Natura Obstetrix Medica Leno Natures Midwife in helping her for the safer and better producing of her fruits as is Husbandry c. Natures Physician in preserving Natures works as Architecture Armature and Physick it self Lastly Art is Natures Pandor in setting her out to the most tempting and pleasing fashion by inventing those things that tend either to the adorning or delight so to please the senses and phansies with those things which in their own nature without Art would not be so contentful And therefore Aristotle yieldeth this reason of the invention of Arts Quia Natura multipliciter est ancilla multis angustiis oppressa idea inventa est Ars ut suppleat defectum Naturae Nature is much kept under and oppressed like an Handmaid and therefore Arts were inventted to supply those defects of Nature In this place therefore we intend from the works of Nature to come to the works of Art so far forth as they are used in Coat-Armour And here we must be born with if we use the word of Art in his largest signification including all Sciences and Knowledge whether Contemplative or Operative and Pratick whatsoever for so one hath defined it Art is the cunning of doing or teaching any thing by certain Rules or prescript forms And therefore some have thought Arts to be ab Arctando Quia arctis brevibusque praeceptis concluditur because it is comprised in brief and compendious Precepts whereas those who so call it quia per Artus operatur for the works of the limbs or joynts they comprehend only Arts Mechanical by that name Some more probably derive it from the Greek word Arete which signifieth Vertue because the perfect Skill or Art of doing any thing is properly the vertue of that Action In handling these Artificials I will follow our prescribed Order and begin with the Ensigns of the Actions of Estate Civil and first with the Highest and Sovereign as in Example The Kings Crown is arched to shew its correspondency to the Imperial