his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
time professe or read it But when Lothar took Amalfi hee there found an old Copie of the Pandects or Digests which hee gaue as a precious Monument to the Pisans hence it was called h U. Ang. Politian lib. 10. Epist. Marquard Breisacio Litera Pisana from whom it hath been since in M. CD XC VI. translated to Florence where in the Dukes Palace it is almost with Religion preserued and neuer brought forth but with Torches Light and other Reuerence Vnder this Emperor Lothar began the Law to be profest at Bologna where i Odofredus apud Sigonium de Regno Italiae lib. 11. et 7. Irner or Werner as Conrad à Lichtenaw calls him first made Glosses on it about the beginning of Fr. Barbarossa in M. C. L. and by the fauor of this Lothar was Bologna vpon the aduise of Irner it seems constituted to bee k Verba Lotharij ap P. Merul. Cosmog part 2. lib. 4. cap. 33. Legum Iuris Schola vna sola And here was the first Time and Place of that Profession in the Western Empire But Iustinian expressely ordaind that none should teach the Ciuill Lawes except l Constit. de Iuris docendi rat §. Haec autem only in Constantinople Rome and Berytus which although Bartol interprets as of necessitie he was driuen to maintain his Profession with Nisi tempore ius Academiae sit quaesitum yet why then was Bologna no place for the Laws vnder Iustinian for they pretend there to haue been as an Vniuersitie from the Grant of Theodosius the yonger in CD XXIII Plainly vnder Iustinian who euer had taught out of one of those three Cities was Denarum librarum * About thirtie pounds of our monie auri poena plectendus and to be banisht out of the Citie where hee durst so professe Neither would the matter of being a Vniuersitie haue helpt it But before Lothar the Gouernment was by the Salique m Sigon de Reg. Ital. 4. et 8. sub A. 1007. Lombardian and Roman Laws the Roman beeing some piece of what had been vsd in Rome euerie one liuing according to either of them as hee would make choise About the same time also the two Bastard brothers by whose worth and of the third Peter Comestor their Mother thought shee should bee sau'd neither would repent but trusted to hir merit in bearing three so famous Gratian a Monk in Bologna and Peter Lombard at Paris one made the Decree the first Volume autorised for Can on Law by Pope Eugenius III and the other the Sentences Such as since haue writen on the Digests 〈◊〉 Code vntill the cleerer light of Learning began mongst our Fathers talk for the most part like Rablais his Bridoye Some most honord of later time that vnderstood their Text and studied the Laws as well because they would curiously know as bee meerely * Continuall Practisers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue with iudgment instructed in part of this Purpose The Margine confesses without blushing their and all other mens helps If either Enuie or Ignorance question how I bred from the bottome of Obscuritie and so farre from Court-Custome should dare at these Honors let it know I learn'd long since from a Great Clerk that Robert Bishop of Lincoln vnder Henrie III That there was in Libraries greater aid to the true vnderstanding of Honor and Nobilitie then mongst Gold and Purple outsides Hee beeing demanded by the King Vbi n Io. de Aton in Constit. Othoboni tit de Bonis Intestat verb. Baronum Moraturam didicit quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni quos secum habuerat Domicellos instruxerat cum non de Nobili prosapia sed de simplicibus traxisset originem fertur intrepidè respondisse that hee was taught it in the Courts of greater Princes then the K. of England meaning of those Ancients whose Courts were represented in his Volumes of Storie In Coniectures I durst not bee too bold Where but meer fancie can direct it were ridiculous to regard them but when they seem to offer themselues they deserue the choise of Iudgment That Religious abstinence of the old Iews who referd all such Dignos vindice Nodos as were too difficult for their humanitie to Elias his resolution were good to be proportionably more obseru'd in all Learning especially by those which are and too manie are so vnfortunat in their ghesses that on the apparantly worst of diuers they often insist Malicious Censure I regard not Ingenuous I honor Reader Farewell The summe and first Pages of the Chapters The chiefe Matter only of them the particulars being in the Contents before euery Chapter Of the first Part. CHAP. I. THe beginning of a Monarchie the first King pag. 1 CHAP. II. Difference of King and Emperor and much of them the great Duke or Emperor of Muscouy or Russia pag. 18. CHAP. III. Lord. Lord of Ireland Shah and the like pag. 46. CHAP. IV. Caesar Augustus Pharaoh Most Christian King Catholike King Defender of the Faith and such like pag. 68. CHAP. V. Prester Iohn Cham or Chan. Chaliph Amir Almumenin Of the Alcoran Persian Sophi Schach Xa Saa and the like pa. 85. CHAP. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Persons Maiesty Speaking in the Abstract or Concret Worship and 〈◊〉 pag. 114 CHAP. VII Annointing of Kings Crowns A disputation against receiued opinion of Crowns Tulipant Crowns of seuerall Princer Scepters Globe and Crosse. Croissant of the Mahumedans pag. 128. Of the second Part. CHAP. 1. PRinces apparant successors Caesar. Rex Romanorum Despot Daulphin Monsieur Etheling Clyto Prince of Wales Pr. of Scotland Infanta Prince of Astura pag. 168. CHAP. II. Dukes Of them Counts and Marquesses as the names were anciently confounded Archduke Coniecture whence the seuerall formes of Crowns for subiect Princes came into these Western parts Dukes in seuerall Nations pag. 182. CHAP. III. Marquesses in seuerall States pag. 209. CHAP. IV. Counts and Earles Graffes pag. 219. CHAP. V. Counts Palatin the speciall beginnings of euery of ours in England pag. 241. CHAP. VI. Viscounts and Vidames pag. 250 CHAP. VII Barons the Notation of the word and its seuerall Notions Thanes Vauasours and diuers like p. 258 CHAP. VIII The beginning of Feuds Of the old Saxon Tenures somewhat pag. 293. CHAP. IX Knights and ancient and later formes of Knighting A Knights Fee and Furniture Ius sigilli Aureorum Annulorum Seales Aides Miles Degrading a Knight pag. 305. CHAP. X. Esquyer Armiger Peeres pag. 340. CHAP. XI Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Of the Collar or the particular Orders of Knighthood with their beginnings and chiefe particulars pag. 352. CHAP. XII Turkish Dignities some of Tartarie Clarissimus Spectabilis Illustris Superillustris Patricij pa. 376. Reader At the end are some Additions which I would haue you read with the context The Pages there noted and the Lines will direct you pag. 387. Then follow I. The Faults of the Print corrected and by them
Shires and Counties but of Cities and Towns haue been and are as well Creations as the denominations of them Salisburie Chichester Bridgwater Arundel and the like shew it Although as anciently in France I doubt not but with vs heretofore chief Citeis of a Countie haue denominated the Earls which were of the whole Countie But that of Arundel hath been by ancient resolution singled out as it were for a speciall kind of Earldom the honor proceeding more from seisin of the Castle of Arundel then later Creations or Restitutions For although it had a beginning for l Camden in Regnis the tiâ—le from Maud the Empresse to William de Albineto to whom her son Henry II. gaue the Rape of Arundel Tenendum de eo per seruitium IXXXIV Militum dimid and that Richard I. granted to William sonne to the first William the Castle of Arundel which yet was it seems his enheritance before descended from his mother Adeliza daughter to Godfrey Duke of Lorrain and Brabant cum toto Honore de Arundel tertium Denarium de Placitis de Suffex vnde Comes est yet in Parliament in time of the Fitz-Alans to which noble Family it was transferd by marriage with a femal heire of De Albineto vpon a Petition exhibibited by Iohn Fitz-Alan then Earl it was after deliberation adiudged m Rot. Parl. 11. Hen. 6. art 32. 33. seqq that he should haue place as Possessor of the Castle without other respect Considerato qualitèr Ricardus Filius Alani consanguineus ancestor to Iohn vnus Haeredum Hugonis de Albiniaco the same with de Albineto dudum Comitis Atundel fuit seisitus de Dicto Castro Honore Dominio de Arundel in Dominico suo vt de feodo ratione possessionis suae eorundem Castri Honoris Dominij absque aliqua alia ratione vel Creatione in Comitem fuit Comes Arundel nomen statum Honorem Comitis Arundel necnon locum sedem Comitis Arundel in Parliamento Consilio Regis quandiu vixerat pacificè habuit possedit absque aliqua calumnia reclamatione vel impedimento The Petition was in this form Please au Roi nostre Souerain Seigneur d' accepter vostre humble leige Iohn Count d' Arundel ore present en vostre seruice deins vâ—stre Roialme de France a son lieu pur seier en vâ—stre Parlement come en vostre Counseil come Count d' Arundel considerant que ses ancestors Counts d' Arundel seigneurs del Castel Honour seigneurie d' Arundel ont ewe lour lieu a seier en les Parlements conseilx de vos tresnobles progenitors du temps d'ont memorie ne court per reason de la Castel Honour Seigneurie auant dits as quex le dit nom de Count ad este vnie annexe de temps suisdit des queux Castel Honour Seigneurie le dit suppliant est a present seise This was in XI Henry VI. and afterward in XXVII of the same King a great controuersie grew in Parliament about precedence twixt William Earl of Arundel brother of this Iohn and Thomas Earle of Deuonshire The matter after that Act of XI and other profes were produced on both sides was referd to the Iudges of the Common laws But they as the n Rot. Parl. 27. Hen. 6. art 18. Record speaks saien and declaren after their conceits that it is a matter of Parlement longing to the Kings Highnesse and to his Lords Spirituall and Temporall in Parlement by them to be decided and determined How bee it that the said act mencion but only that the said Iohn late Earle of Arundel brother of the said William whos heire he is shuld haue his sete Place and Preeminence in the Kings presence as well in his Parlements and Councells as elswhere as Erle of Arundel as in the same Act more openly hit appereth in which act beth not expressed in writing the heirs of the same late Erle notwithstanding that he was seised and enherited to the Castel Hononr and Lordship of Arundel whereto the said name Estate and Dignity of Erle of Arundel is and of time that no mind is hath bin vnyed and annexed and by that reason he beene and had that name and not by way of Creation as the same Iudges vnderstonde by reason of the same Acte Hereupon the King and the Lords determined that hee should haue his place in Parlament and the Kings Councell as Earle by reason of the Castell Lordship and Honour of Aruâ—del as Worshipfully so saies the Roll as euer did ony of his Ancestors Erles of Arundel afore this time for him and for his heires for euer more aboue the said Erle of Deuonshire and his heires For Arundel thus much As touching the formalitie of their Creations in the more ancient it seems nothing but a Charter vsually made them with vs. In King Iohns time remembrance is made of the Sword of the Countie Hee at his Coronation accinxit saith Roger of Houeden Willielmum Marescallum gladio Comitatus de Striguil Striguil is in Monmouthshire and from it were the old Earles of Penbroke so calld Gaufridum filium Petri Gladio Comitatus de Essex qui licet anteà vocati essent Comites administrationem suorum Comitatuum habuissent tamen non erant accincti gladio Comitatus ipsi illa die seruierunt ad mensam Regis accincti gladijs This forme hath ancient originall In one of o Variar Form 1. lib. 7. Cassiodor's Precedents for the Dignity of the Comitiua Prouinciae you read Tua Dignitas à terroribus ornatur quae Gladio bellico rebus etiam pacatis accingitur I imagine it was in vse before King Iohn and that it was the proper Inuestiture of that age Houeden speaks not of it as a new inuention And of them what an p Bracton de Rer. diuis lib. 1. cap. 8. §. 2. vide cum lib. 2. c. 16. §. 3. old Lawyer of England neer that time hath I transcribe Reges tales sibi associant ad consulendum Regendum populum Dei ordinantes eos in magno Honore Potestate nomine quando accingunt eos gladijs i. ringis gladiorum Ringae enim dicuntur ex eo quòd Renes gyrant circundant vnde dicitur Accingere gladio tuo c. Et Ringae cingunt renes talium vt custodiant se ab incestu luxuriae quia luxuriosi incestuosi Deo sunt abominabiles Gladius autem significat defensionem Regni Patriae And in most of the ancient Creations in Parlament the girding with a sword is the chief and onely ceremony with the Charter deliuerd So was Edmund q Rot. Parl 36. Ed. 3. memb 4. sonne to Edward III. made Earle of Cambridge and Michael de la Poole * Rot. Parl. 9. Rich. 2. Memb. 5. vnder Richard II. Earle of Suffolk whom the King Gladio cinxit prout decet as the Roll saith and before any of these Hugh
Reguauit sub Ann. Christi M. X. alij haec Malcolmo III. ferunt is sub M. LX. rerum potitus Malcolm II. was no dignitie aboue Knights but only Thanes which it seems were with them as with our Saxons Superioribus seculis saith Buchanan praeter Thanos hoc est prefectos Regionum siue Toparchas Quaestorem rerum Capitalium nullum honoris nomen Equestri ordine altius fuerat quod apud Danos obseruari adhuc audio Som interpret their Thane by quaestor u Hector Boet. hist. Scotic 12. Regius or Steward and deliuer that the chief Steward of Scotland was called Abthan Whereof thus Buchanan also Hic magistratus that is the Great Steward of Scotland census omnes Regios colligit iurisdictionem etiam qualem conuentum praefecti habet ac prorsus idem est cum eo quem Priores Thanum appellabant Atque nunc sermone Anglico patrium superante Regionum Thani plerisque in locis Stuarti vocantur qui illis erat Abthanus nunc Stuartus Scotiae nominatur Paucis in locis vetus Thani nomen adhuc manet So he speaking of Walter nephew to Banquho by his sonne Fleanch created Abthan or great Steward of Scotland by Malcolm III. from whom that Royall name of Steward or Stuart had its origination and began first to be honord with a Crown in their Robert II. the honor of the Office being part alwaies of his birthright who is Prince of Scotland They haue also agreeable with the identitie of Thane and Steward certain Stewarties at this day But the word with them signified questionles as with vs anciently and was of the same Saxon root For their right Scotish or Irish x Sken in Reg. Maiestat lib. 4. cap. 31. called a Thane Tosche and the sonne of a Thane Mac-tosche But after Malcolm his bringing in of Barons Thanes remained as a distinct name of dignitie and vanisht not at the innouation of new honors as at our Norman Conquest In their Statuts of K. William are reckond Comites Barones Thani He raigned about M. C. LXX after Christ. So in the Statuts of his sonne Alexander II. In their laws a Thane was reckond equall with the sonne of an Earle after they had Earles The y Reg. Maiest lib. 4. cap. 36. 38. Cro and the Kelchyn of them were both alike as the Merchet of a Thanes daughter and an Ochern's an Irish or Scotish name of z Stat. Alexand 2. cap. 15. Reg. Maiestat lib. 4. cap. 31. Dignitie exprest by the word Ogetharius also Yet it seems that the Baron and Thane were often and most vsually confounded because where Earles Earles sonnes Thanes Ochierns and the like are distinguisht by their Croes the name of Baron occurrs not The eldest testimonie of this Title with them is in the laws attributed to Malcolm Mac-keneth that is their II. of that name which first deuided as they say the Kingdom into Baronies Dominus Rex Malcolmus the words are dedit distribuit totam Terram Regni Scotiae Hominibus suis Et nihil sibi retinuit nisi Regiam Dignitatem * The Mute Hill of Scone Montem placiti in villa de Scone Et ibi omnes BARONES concesserunt sibi Wardam Releuium de haerede cuiuscuuque Baronis defuncti ad sustentationem Domini Regis And to these Barons with iurisdiction hee granted saith Hector Fossam Furcam i. Pit and Gallowes Whereupon Skene a curious searcher of his own Countrie antiquities of this kind tells vs that In Scotland he is called ane Barronne quha haldis his Landes immediatlye in Cheif of the King and hes power of Pit and Gallows and Infangtheife a Haec n. adiunxit ad Malcolmi leges ijs quae in De Verb. significat habet I. Skene videsis Parl. 6. Iacob 1. cap. 91. leg Malcolm 2. cap. 9. 13. and Outfangtheife The Gallows vnderstand as Ours and for men Theiues and the Pit a place to drown Women Theiues But generalitèr saith he in hoc Regno Barones dicuntur qui tenent terras suas de Rege per seruitium Militare per Albam firmam per Feudi firmam vel alitèr cum Furca fossa nonnunquam generalissimè accipitur pro quolibet domino Proprietario rei Immobilis In which that State well agreed with ours anciently and till of later time it seems euery Lord or small Baron denominated from his possession and iurisdiction came to their Parlament but that was altered as with vs by Henry III. by their Iames b 23 Iacob 1. Parl. cap. 101. A. Chr. 1427. v Parl. II. Iacob 6. cap. 113 Parl. 5. Iacob 6. cap. 275. the first and in steed of them II. Commissaries of euery Shrifdome as our Knights of the Shire sent to the Parlament The Act of this alteration thus speaks at large Item the King with consent of the haill Counsell generallie hes Statute and ordained that the small Baronnes and free tennentes neid not to cum to Parliaments nor generall Councels swa that of ilk Shirefdome their be send chosen at the head Court of the Shirifdome twa or maa wise men after the largenes of the Schirefdome our tane the Schirefdomes of Clâ—kmannan and Kinrosse of the quhilkes ane be send of ilk ane of them the quhilk sal be called Comissares of the Schire and be thir Commissares of all the Schires salbe chosen ane wise man and expert called the Common speakâ—r of the Parliament the quhilke sal propone all and sundrie needis and causes pertaining to the Commounes in the Parliament or generall Councell the quhilkis Commissares sal haue full and haill power of all the laif of the Schirefdome vnder the witnessing of the Scheriffis seale with the seales of diuerse Barrones of the Schire to heare treat and finally to determine all causes to be proponed in Councell or Parliament The quhilkes Comissares and speakers sal haue Costage of them of ilk Schire that awe compeirance in Councel or Parliament and of their rentes ilk pound sal be vtheris fallow to the contribution of the said Costes All Bishoppes Abbots Priors Dukes Erles Lordes of Parliament and Banrents the quhilkes the King will be receiued and summond to Councel and Parltament be his speciall precept So that it seems that before this act euery lesser Baronne and Freeholder was bound to come and assist with his presence at their Parlaments which is confirmd also by other c Parl. 6. Iacob 2. cap. 76. Acts one thus speaking Item the Lords thinkis speedfull that na Freehalder that haldis of the King vnder the some of Twentie Pounds bee constreined to cum to the Parliament or generall Councell as for presence bot gif he be ane Baronne or els be specially of the Kings Commandement warned outher be Offiâ—â—ar or be Writ But vnder Iames IV. d Parl. 6. Iacob 4. cap. 78. it was enacted that na Baronne Freehalder nor Vassal quhilk are within
pro corpus humi prosternere antiquitus accipitur vt videre est in Esth. Apoc cap. 13. com 20. Aemilio Probo in Conone alibi Tacitus will enough explane Nec deerat Otho protendens manus adorare vulgum iacere oscula omnia seruilitèr pro Dominatione But the Falling down added to the Adoration was the greatest and the Persian honor vsed towards their Potentats Kings Thence haue you adorari more Persarum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which is exprest by Euripides thus personating Phrygius to Orestes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And Ipse saith Lampridius of Alexand. Seuorus adorari se vetuit that is with the Diuine respect of kissing the hand quum iam caepisset Heliogabalus adorari Regum more Persarum Another of u Trebellius Pollio in 30. Tyrannis videsis Theophil Ad Autolic lib. 1. de adorando Caesare Zenobia Adorata est more ReguÌ„ PersaruÌ„ Whence Seneca x De Beneficijs 2. cap. 12. speaking of Caligula's offring his foot to kisse saies he was homo natus in hoc vt mores liberae Ciuitatis Persicâ seruitute mutaret But in Alexanders turning the Grecian libertie into this seruitude Q. Curtiê° expresses it by venerari procumbre humi corpus prosternere And therof saith Iustin Retentus est à Macedonibus mos salutandi Regis explosa adoratione Wheras plainly Adoration Salutation with a kisse of the hand is all one in the right sense of the word How much the greatest kind of adoratioÌ„ is vsed to the Great Duke of Moscouy the King of Calecut the great Chan the Turk and such more you may easily see in RelatioÌ„s of their States How the Iewish Nation auoided it the story of Haman Mordechai discouers And you may remember y Pet. Vict. Hist. septenarie liure 1. Philip II. of Spain his answer to the Embassadors of Germany reprouing him because he wold haue euery man speak to him kneeling He excused it only lest he being so short his taller subiects should be aboue him But among the Persians z Xenoph. Cyropaed 1. 5. in Agesilao also it was in vse to Kisse at their Farewells as likewise among the a Gen. 31. 28. Iewes And som think that it was as an honor in the Roman state to their women whom their b Plutarch problem Rom. 6. v. cum de virt Mulier Plin. lib. 14. cap. 12. alios kinsmen only not others indifferently as the vse was betwixt Men kist at their salutations although diuers other reasons are deliuered for that matter And when Eumaeus in the fields first saw his yong maister Telemachus newly come home c Odyss 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he met him he kist his head his eyes and both his hands And when the Argonautiques came to Chirons Den to see Achilles Chiron entertaind them and d Orpheus in Argonautic 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 kist euery one of them Where and in other examples it appears that a kisse giuen and taken was accounted as a speaking and mutuall signe of obsequious e v. si vis C. de Domestic l. 1. ibid. DD. vbi ad osculum admitti honos maximus or peacefull loue according to the qualitie of the Persons receiuing and giuing And in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is both to loue and to kisse as it is also to this purpose obserued I remember somewhere in Xenophon So I vnderstand Laban's kissing of Iacob and Esan's also although a Iewish f Rabbi Ianna ap Buxtorf Thesaur Gram. 1. cap. 5. fable supposes that he fell on Iacob to bite him and that Iacobs neck presently became as hard as marble and so resisted his teeth In like manner vnderstand that of the g D. Luc. 7. com 45. Euangelist Thou gauest me no kisse but shee from the time I came to her ceased not from kissing my feet and sufficient analogie is twixt this kind and the Holy Kisse or Kisse of Charity in the Primitiue Church which is spoken of in the holy Epistles and with which Christians after * Tertullian lib. de Orat. Origen lib. 10. in Epist ad Rom. c. 16. their solemn prayers vsed to salute each other In the storie also of Thomas of Canterburie vnder our Henry I 〈◊〉 soft as elswhere occurres the receiuing him in Osculo Pacis It hath been vsed to the Feet in Homages done vpon inuestitures as you may h Ms. vet apud Camd. vide G. Gemiticens lib. 2. cap. 17. De fide data osculo libato porrectâ dextrâ vide Suid. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 see in that of Rollo or Robert first Duke of Normandie receiuing the Dutchy from Charles the simple and such more Hence at this day it so farre continues that when the Tenant doth Homage to his Lord or King he is among other ceremonies to kisse him whereupon in time of Henry VI. a great plague i Rot. Parl. 18. Hen. 6. artic 5â— being about London a peticion was put vp in Parliament desiring the King for his owne preseruation To ordain and grant so are the words of the Roll by the autoritie of this present Parliament that eueriche of your said lieges in the doing of their said Homage may omit the said Kissing of you and be excused thereof at your will the Homage being of the same force as though they kissed you and haue their letters of doing of their Homage the kissing of you omitted notwithstanding and the subscription is Le Roy le voet as the vsuall words of his consent are And for the subiects to kisse their King I read k R. Abenezra ap Drus. Obseru 2. cap. 16. it was vsuall in India whereas on the other side those of Numidia more gentis suae nulli mortalium osculum ferebant Which my l Ualer Max. l b. 2. cap. 6. autor commends in them and giues this his reason Quicquid n. in excelso fastigio positum est humili trita consuetudine quo sit venerabilius vacuum esse conuenit But of Kissing too much It must be then concluded that to such Princes as haue their own right next vnder God as our Soueraigns and diuers other may well be challenged with respect to what they Rule any Title that the Emperors haue had to expresse them as Monarchs or great Potentats those other Kings hauing their Monarchies regarding the particular libertie of euery ones Country as in supreme and sure right 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 m Aristot. Politic 3. cap. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. by reason of their lawfull succession as any Emperor possibly could haue The Latin Greek and the chief Eastern tongues for KING are before mentioned In the Prouinciall languages or Romances as the French and Spanish are called I l Re Roy Re are plainly from Rex But the Dutch Danish and English word Coning Konig
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
which was afterward Edward I. vt maturiùs ad res gerendas grauiores experiens redderetur fit Walliae Princeps simúlque Aquitaniae ac Hyberniae praefectus Vnde natum vt deinceps vnusquisque Rex hoc secutus institutum Filium maiorem natu Walliae Principem facere consueuerit It is true that Wales with Gascoigne Ireland and some other Territories in England were giuen to this Prince Edward vppon his marriage with Elianor daughter to Alfonso King of Spain Yet the Principality of Wales was not in that gift so speciall to this purpose For after the other it comes in the Patent in these words only k Archiu 39. Hen. 3. Vnà cum conquestu nostro Walliae When this Edward was King he made his sonne Edward of Caernaruan Prince of Wales a more particular course in policie vsd about it is in som of our stories whither I referre you and by that name and Earle of Chester sommond him to Parliament But all these made nothing to inuest the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant although some haue deliuerd otherwise For this Edward of Caernaruan afterward Edward II. sommond his eldest sonne Prince Edward by the name of Earle of Chester and Flint only But when this Prince was King Edward III. he in Parliament first creats his sonne the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret hereditabilis Regno Angliae foret Dux Cornubiae quod Ducatus Cornubiae foret semper extunc primogenitis filijs Regum Angliae qui foret proximus haeres predicto Regno and giues him diuers possessions annext to the Duchie l Pat. 11. Ed. 3. memb 1. chart 1 Tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filijs primogenitis et dicti loci Ducibus Since when the eldest sonnes of our Soueraigns haue been by law accounted Dukes of Cornwall in the first instant of their birth Neither only the eldest in respect of absolut primogeniture but also the second or other after the death of the first or former on whom this Title was so cast as it was lately resolud vpon good and mature reason grounded by diuers autorities and presidents for the now most noble Prince Charles Not long after the same Black Prince was inuested in the Principality of Wales Tenendum sibi heredibus Regibus Angliae since when neither is the true beginning of this Title of any other time The heirs apparant haue been honord with PRINCE OF WALES some hauing been created in like forme others only calld so The last creation was in that most hopefull blossom vntimely cropt out of Britains Garden Prince Henry whose title also was often Prince of Great Britain In Scotland the eldest sonne heire is born PRINCE OF SCOTLAND Duke of Rothsay and Stewart of the Kingdom The title of Duke of Rothsay hath so been since m Circa câ—â— cccc Robert III. first honord his eldest sonne Prince Dauid with it Yet Henry Lord Darley had it also before his marriage with Queen Mary And as Rothsay to the eldest so the Earldom of Rosse is in Scotland to the second sonne Thus speaks the n Parl. 9. Iacob 3. cap. 71. act of Parliament vnder Iames III. Our Souueraigne Lord with consent of his three Estaites of the Realme annexis till his Crowne the Earledome of Rosse with the Pertinents to remaine thereat for euer Swa that it sall not be leiffull to his hienesse or his aires nor his successoures to make alienation of the saide Erledome or ony part thereof fra his Crowne in ony wise saifand that it salbe leiffull to him and them to giue the said Erledome at their pleasance till any of his or their secunde sonnes lauchfully to be begotten twixt him and the Queene So in a manner are the Appanages in France and the Duchie of York with vs and the like In imitation of the English honor of Prince of Wales the INFANT and heir of SPAIN Infant is but o Infantes dicti passim Regum filij Roderico Toletano Rod. Santio vt Hispanicè Infantes Sonne or Child as in France les enfans le Roy had the title of Prince of Astura Principe de las Asturias which began first in Henry sonne of Iohn 1. King of Castile and Lions and afterward Henry III. of that Dominion to whom Iohn q Ita Stephanus de Garibay in Compend Histor. Hisp. lib. 15. cap. 25. ab co vulgus quòd Principem Hispaniae siue Castellae compellant Haeredem Regni arguitur of Gaunts daughter Catharine was giuen in marriage Som of their p Roderic Sant part 4. cap 22. Duque de Alencastre in Stephan de Garibay Stories ignorantly stile him Dux Alencastriae and Glocestriae aiming questionles at Lancastriae and Leicestriae for he was Earl of Leicester To that Henry and Catharine Vt Asturum Principes vocarentur datum saith Mariana more ex Anglia translato vbi Regum filij maiores Walliae Principes nominantur quod ab hoc initio susceptum ad nostram aetatem conseruatur vt Castellae Regum maiores Filij Asturum Principes sint quibus annis consequentibus Vbeda Biatia Illiturgisque sunt adiectae In the Spanish Pragmatica of câ—â— D. LXXXVI For Titles it is ordered that the Infants and Infantas of Spain shall only haue the Title of Highnesse And in the top of Letters to them shall be only writen My Lord Sennor and in the end God keep your Highnesse only and vpon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant Don N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. And that Highnesse without addition is to bee vnderstood only of the Prince heir and successor Dux in the times before the Caesarean Empire And in it Limitum Duces Ducatus Tunicae Ducales Ducianum iudicium Comites and the beginning of the Honorary Comitiua vnder Constantine His Counts of three Ranks The President of making a Count of the first Rank Dukes and Counts of the first Rank made equall Comitiua Vacans and Honorarie Titles without gouernment or administration giuen about the declining Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Kings Friend 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the later Greek Empire Comitiua Secundi Ordinis How the name of Count was both equall and vnder Duke Dukes and Counts at will of their supreme anciently If a Duke then should haue XII Counties vnder him The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall and hereditarie in the Empire The ceremony of giuing Prouinces by deliuering of one or more Banners The making of the Marquisat of Austria a Dukedom The Archdukes name his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Imperiall Magnus Dux Lithuaniae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hereditarily giuen by Constantine the great to the Prince of Athens vpon weak credit Power giuen to the Duke of Austria being made a King to create a Duke of Carniola The difference of Dukes in the Empire Who of them
England How the Nobilitie lik't the Creation of Robert of Vere Richard I 〈…〉 expressely made it a Dignitie twixt Duke and Count. Iohn of Beaufort's refusing the Title as too New His Coronet here First Marquesse in Scotland Iohn Hamilton First in Spaine when made and who His Coronet and prerogatiues there CHAP. III. OF Dux Dux limitis and Comes as they were anciently about the declining Empire it is sufficiently disputed in the next Chapter before And of their equalitie of Office and Dignitie as also how from Dux came the now Honorary title of Duke From no other Originall is the name of MARQVESSE to be deriud For such as were constituted Gouernors of Prouinces bordering on som other State or the Sea whence also easier inuasions might bee feared had the name of a C. tit de Venat Ferar. l. vnic Constit. Theodos. Val. edit a Pith. tit 29. Duces Limitanei or Limitum in Latin and from the old Dutch or French in later time Marâ—graues or Marquesses For in that tongue as at this day Borders Frontiers limits or bounds were calld Marques or Marches Quotiens saith my b Boiar leg tit de Term. Rupt art 8. autor de Commarchanis contentio nascitur c. i. as often as controuersie rises touchching Boundaries And in the French Annals one speaking of Carloman Expulit Duces quibus custodia commissa c c Anonym sub anno 861. erat Pannonici limitis Cartani atque per suos Marcam ordinauit Hence the ancient Marquesse of Austria is calld d Ditmar Chronic lib. 7. Marcha inter Vngarios Bauarios So Normandie was * Sugerius Abb. vitâ Ludouici Crassi Margus Regni and Normanniae Marchia The reason of the name any man knows that knows how it lies In the Testament of Charles the Great Marcae is vsd for Frontiers and in writings of those times Marca Hispanica Marca Britannica and such like infinit occurre And e Adreuald Floriac de Mirac S. Ben. cap. 33. Marchisi Britannici limitis Marchiser in French being at this day to Border or adioyne to Hence the names of Danmarch and as som haue thought our Mercia or Mercland in the Saxon Heptarchie and the lawes of Marque or Reprisales Some great men haue f Alciat de Singul Certam cap. 32. deriud it from Mare or Marc i. a Horse as if it should be in Latin Magister equitum or a Generall ouer the Gensdarmerie of Horsemen It s true that among the old Gaules the word g 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pausanias Phocic lib 10. Marc signified a Horse as also in h March leg Boiar tit de Vitios animali art 11. old French and British or Welsh wee and the present Dutch retaining still for one Sex the word Mare Hence some will the Marcheta Mulieris in Scotland i. from an obscene vse of equitare the first night or Maidenhead of the Bride which by a law of Euen III. King of Scotland was allowd to the King and other Lords at the marriage of their Tenants daughters and afterward by Malcolm III. at request of his Queen turnd into a summe of i V post Hectorem Boetium lib. 3. Regiam Maiest lib. 4. cap. 31. de Marcheta apud Nos consulas Henric. de Bract lib. 4. de Assiss N. Diss. cap. 28. §. 5. monie yet remaining among their laws But also with vs in a Natiuo habendo the Esplees is laid among other in Marcheta pro filiabus suis maritandis perhaps hauing like cause of name although not the same ground of Law But in Scotland it extends to all Conditions as well Noble as other And from the old vse of this Marc or Mare must you deriue Mareshall i. as most say Mare-schalch which literally is as much as Equi or Equorum praefectus i. Master of the Horse Which without question is the true etymologie of the great office of Mareshall ioind anciently in England with the Constable i. Comes stabuli in their iudicious place of the Court of Chiualrie But to iustifie also that Marquesse is hence one produces a piece of an old Romant thus speaking of Paris his companie in his embarquement for Helen Li k Benois Chez Fauchet en l' Origin des Dig. nit 2. cap. 3. Chiualier li Marchis Ke Paris ot semont pris Et ses freres Deifibus Et furent bien deux mil plus And thinks that the autor would not absurdly by Marchis mean such as are mongst vs feudatarie Marquesses but that he vsd it for Horsemen which in later time was applied to this Dignitie Surely there was no necessitie that hee should vse the name for the one or the other but generally for a Souldier because indeed the old Marquesses had in their Prouinces Martiall gouernment Or if hee did vse it for Horsemen as perhaps hee might what consequence is there that thence this Honorary title should haue its deduction But howsoeuer he knows nothing of the old Monkish Rimes and Romants that knows not how vsually they abusd words of Titles Dignities and state of their own age by application of them to Countries and Times where and when they were not What doth Dan Lidgat the Monk of Bury mean when in the destruction of Thebes he saies that King Adrastus sette a Parlement And hath his letters and messer gers sent Through Greece to many sundry Kings Hem to enhast and make no lettings And round about as made is mention Hee sent also to many a Región For Princes Dukes Earles and Barons It must in charitie be thought that none of his Readers are so blockish as to beleeu that the Titles of Dukes Earles and Barons were in Greece Much of that nature is in Robert of Glocester Chaucer Gower and elswhere in Lidgat The l Constit. Feud lib 2. tit Quis dicatur Marchiani dicuntur Petro de Vincis lib. 2. Epist. 15. Imperiall Laws thus Qui de Marchia inuestitus est Marchio dicitur Dicitur autem Marchia quia Marcha vt plurimum iuxta Mare sit posita It s certain iudeed that many of the Imperial Marquisats are in a maritime coast yet plainly had their names from being Land-marches of the State and not from their maritime situation For although the Marca Anconitana Taruisana of Ferrara in Italy as also the Marquisat of the holy Empire in Brabant the Marcha Normannica and Britannica in France are maritime yet Misnia and Lusatia Brandeburg Morauia Austria Susa in Sauoy all vnder the name of Marquisats and then instituted when the Title had a reall deduction from the Prouinces are inland Countries When Charles the great had a designe of Warre against the Saxons he sent for all his forces in Guienne and commanded them thence m Adhdemar in vita Ludouic Pij relictis tantùm Marchionibus qui fines Regni tenentes omnes si fortè ingruerent hostium arcerent incursus Plainly the defending of the Marches interprets their name
then he addes Vtinam sic faciant Vxores Matres nostrorum Marchionum quacunque occasione patriam seruent incolumem labem pudoris amoueant But he means the ancient Lords Marchers of Wales in the same place speaking of Welsh irruptions Niuâ—collinus saith he not Ninicollinus as it is ignorantly printed indomitus insolescit inermes Britones intumescunt Where vnderstand those Niuicollini for Northwales men denominated by him from that Snowdon hill in Caernaruan-shire which in another p Dict. l. c. 6. place hee calls Niuium Collis as the Welsh in like signification Craig Criry Of these Marchers mention is in the Statute of Prerogatiue Exceptis Feodis Comitum Baronum de Marchia de terris in Marchia vbi breuia Domini Regis non currunt They were expresly calld Marchionis q Florilegus pag. 325. 370. edit Londin lib. Rub. scac v. Camden in Salopia Marchiones in claus 49. Hen. 3. dors memb 5. W. Rishanger sub Ann. 50. Hen. 3. Walliae also and whereas in Matthew Paris his description of the Coronation of Q. Elianor wife to Henry the III. it is reported that the Barons of the Cinque ports carried the Canopie ouer the King as their ancient right is quod tamen tunc scrupulo contentionis penitùs non carebat as he writes the opposition against them was by foure Lords Marchers Iohn Fitz-Alan Ralph of Mortimer Iohn of Monmouth and Walter of Clifford then calld Marchiones Walliae challenging that honorary office per ius Marchiae sed quodammodo saith the red book of the Exchequer friuolum reputabatur Afterward Roger of Mortimer being of great possessions and reckoning in this Trract was vpon the same Reason of Name created Earle of March by Edward III. with which others since haue beene enobled But in these was only the name not the dignity of Marchio Neither were they in English stiled Marquesses but Marchers as the most worthy Camden Clarenceulx hath obserued But the first which had this in England was the Earle of Oxford Robert of Vere Richard the second 's Mignion He made him in Parliament Marquesse of Dublin and afterward Duke of Ireland How the State lik't it Thomas of Walsingham shall tell you Creata est saith hee in hoc Parliamento IX Richard II. noua Dignitas Anglicis insueta nempe Comes Oxoniae D. Robertus de Veer appellatus factus est Marchio Dubliniae in Hibernia caeteris Comitibus hoc indignè ferentibus quòd viderent eum gradum celsiorem ipsis Regis munere percepisse praecipuè quia nec prudentiâ caeteris nec armis Valentior videbatur But vpon the infallible credit of the Record you shall haue the forme Confirmauit ipsum r Parl. 9. Ric. 2. memb 3. art 17. Marchionem de predictis titulo nomine honore per Gladij cincturam Circuli aurei suo capiti impositionem maturius inuestiuit ac chartam tradidit Eum vultu hilari inter Pares Parlamenti in gradu Celsiori videlicet inter Duces Comites sedere mandauit quod idem Marchio gratantiùs incontinenter fecit The same King made his Cousin-german Iohn of Beaufort sonne to Iohn of Gaunt and Earle of Somerset Marquesse of Dorset of which afterward Henry IV. depriu'd him and when a petition was in Parliament by the Commons for his restitution hee himself was vnwilling to bee restor'd to this kind of newly inuented Honor and Engenulant as the s Parl. 4. Hen. 4. Mem. 18. art 18. Roll speaks molt humblement pria au Roy que come le nome de Marquis fuyt estrange nome en cest Royalme qu'ilne luy vorroit ascunement doner cel nosme de Marquis qar iammais per conge du Roy il ne vorroit porter n'accepter sur luy nul tiel nosm en ascun manniere mais nient meins mesme le Count mult cordialment remercia les segneurs les Commens de leurs bons coeurs c. The Creation of Thomas Grey of the family of the L. Gray of Ruthen by Edward IV. into Marquesse of Dorset was t Patent 15. Edward 4. per Cincturam Gladij Cappae honoris Dignitatis impositionem and in that of Henry VIII his u Patent 15. Hen. 8. making the Lady Anne Rocheford daughter to Thomas Earle of Wiltshire Marchionesse of Penbreke the words are per Mantellae inductionem Circuli aurei in capite appositionem vt moris est realitèr inuestimus That Circulus aureus is a Coronet Meslée twixt our Dukes and Earles as of the French forme is before spoken Our present Soueraigne King Iames VI. of Scotland was the first Autor of this Dignitie there what euer by misconceit of that which is affirm'd of Malcolm II. may bee otherwise imagin'd Hee first honor'd the x Camden Scot. in Damnijs ancient name of Hamilton with it in Iohn sonne to Iames Duke of Chasteau Herald and Earle of Arran Spaine hath very many But the first there was Don Alfonso of Aragon Count of Denia made Marquesse of Villena by Henry II. of Castile about M. CCC LX. of Christ. So saith Stephen of Garibay and makes a Duke and a Marquesse in hearing of the Masse and sitting by the King of equall prerogatiue but addes that the Marquesse may not bear a Coronet on his head nor on his Armories nor do diuers other things which he allows their ancient Dukes aunque cessando estas cosas en los Duques con mayor occasion cessan en ellos But the Pragmatica allows Coronets vpon the Armories ' of Dukes Marquesses and Counts but vpon none others For when that was made vnder Philip II. M. D. LXXXVI it seems diuers of inferior note arrogated the same Formalitie of Crowns Comes Comes Matronae Prouinciae Comitatenses Comites Consistoriani Diuers Counties vnder some Counties as well as vnder Duchies Grafio Graffe or Graue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Ring giuen in ancient inuestitures of a Count in France Their Coronet there Comes Dux and Eorle in our Saxon times Aethelings Heriots Ealdorman The Bishop of the Diocesse and Ealdorman vsd to sit in the Turne When that was forbidden Shirifes Wittenagemotes Aldermannus Totius Angliae The error of them which fetch Comites into our Saxons from those spoken of by Tacitus Earles and Comites vnder the Normans Their denominating Territorie Mabile daughter of Robert Fitzthaimon hir standing on it to haue a Husband of Two Names Henry the first 's and her discourse together exprest in very old English Rimes Creations The Third part of the Shrifwikes profits giuen to the Earle of the Countie The surrender of Hugh le Bigod his Earldom of Norfolk The supposd value in our laws of a Dukedom Marquisat and Earldom That hauing the Third part vnder the Saxons and in Hungarie anciently and to some Visconts in France A power in Earles anciently to make laws in their Counties It was anciently doubted whether an Earle might be su'd but in his own
Aeneidos 8. Polybium lib. 6. alios pugnare cum hostibus lawfully fight with the enemie But these religious solemnities wore away in ancient time It grew afterward fashionable for one King to send his sonne to another to take the Order vt acciperent Arma Militaria or Virilia as the Monks vsually expresse it Which well agrees with that of the Longobards before mentioned Examples of that kind both here in Scotland elswhere are enough frequent So one King of another as in that of Alexander III. of Scotland He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry III. The Nuptials being celebrated in Christmas at York the King of England Knighted his Royall sonne in law with twentie more Where the Earle Marshall of England as an ancient right of his Place requird the King of Scotland's Horse and Furniture for his fee which although in those times it seems i Statut. West 2 cap. 46. De Marescallis the Earle Marshall had at the Knighting of any Baron or superior Nobleman as also at the Homages done by any such either Secular or Religious yet it was answerd that from the King of Scotland no such fee was due because hee might haue took the Order of any other Catholique Prince or at his pleasure of any of his own subiects of his Nobilitie Responsum fuit saith the k Matth. Paris 35. Hen. 3. Storie quod Rex Scotiae tali non subiacet exactio 〈…〉 quia si placeret ei potuit ipsa Arma suscipere a quouis Principe Catholico vel ab aliquo Nobilium suorum Sed ob reuerentiam honorem tanti Principis Domini ac vicini sui ac soceri tanti mallet ab ipso Rege Angliae Cingulo donari Militari quam aliquo alio Et sic praecipiente domino Rege in totum die festo omnimoda lis conquieuit And for that of the King of Scotland his saying that he might haue took it from a subiect of his own its true and so in our State some of our Kings haue receiud it Henry VI. was Knighted by Iohn Duke of Bedford and Edward VI. by Edward Sâ—imer then Earl of Hertford and the like many more occurre Nay in those ancienter times Earls which were then the greatest Nobles vnder the King and Prince had a power of Knighting Vnder Hen. III. the Earle of Glocester made his brother William Knight at a Tourneament So did Simon of Montfort Earle of Leicester Gilbert of Clare Some l Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. like examples haue been in France And Los Caualleros vassallos de los Ricos hombres i. Knights made by the Ricos hombres anciently in Spain they were neer as Barons in other places are rememberd by m Apud Fr. Menenium ex P. Salanoua alijs Spanish Antiquaries And against the Scotish Expedition Prince Edward of Caernaruan first Knighted by his father Edward 1. made diuers Knights of his own autoritie at Westminster by girding with the sword But such also as were neither Princes nor Earles and that without any Regall autoritie transferd for if so it were not worth obseruation about the raigns of our first three Edward's somtimes made Knights in the Warres Dominus Iohannes filius Thomae say the n A. 1313. 1314 1316. 1318. Annals of Ireland fecit Milites Nicolaum filium Mauritij Robertum de Clonhull apud Adare in Momonia So Edmund le Botiller afterward Lord Deputie made XXX Knights at Dublin And Richard of Bernimgham for the good seruice that one Iohn Husee had done in the Irish warres gaue him amplas terras fecit illum Militem vt benè meruit And by the same autoritie Uenit Dominus Rogerus de Mortimer Dubliniam fecit Dominum Ioannem Mortimer Militem cum quatuor socijs And indeed this Roger of Mortimer was then as Lord Deputie of Ireland and might the better do it And in one of our yeer-books o Thirning 7. Hen. 4. fol. 8. Voyes Froissart â—ol 1. fol. 185. a Iudge on the Bench relates thus I haue heard saith he that a Lord had issue a sonne and carried him to the Font and presently as soon as he was baptized took his Sword and made him a Knight saying Be a good Knight if you can for you shall neuer be good Esquire It was a prerogatiue it seems anciently challenged by such as were themselues Knights For William of Badensel a German Knight at the Sepulchre made two by his own report Supra Sepulchrum Christi saith p Guil. de Badensel Hodoe-Poric in Terram Sanctam he pulchram feci de Resurrectione Domini missam celebrari aliqui de meis socijs Corpus Christi deuotè susceperunt Pâ—st Missam feci Duos Milites Nobiles supra sepulchrum gladios accingendo alia obseruando quae in professione Militaris Ordinis fieri consueuerunt This was in M. CCC XXXVI Now none but the King or one as his Lieutenant authorized giues this Order neither is it done by girding with the Sword but the deseruing kneels and a Sword is laid or slightly strook on his shoulder by the king vsing this French q Smith Rep. Angl. 1. cap. 17. Soiz Cheualter au nom de Dieu and then Auancez Cheualier This Ceremonie alone giues the Title of Eques Auratus that of Auratus comming from their right of wearing guilt spurres which hath been also a knights speciall ornament And vnder Edward II. Richard r Anonym Chron. apud Millium of Rodney was knighted by being girded with a Sword by Almaricus Earle of Penbrok and hauing one Spurre put on by the Lord Maurice of Barkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badilsmere That striking with the s Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. Sword hath been anciently the vse of the Empire and when Sigismund knighted Signell a French Gentleman in France to honor Signell with that name the want whereof was obiected to him in a Controuersie twixt him and Pâ—stellan hee did it by such striking of him kneeling and giuing him one of his gilt spurres and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it in stead of a sword a great knife And this was done in France neither Contra maiestatem aut ius Regis saith du Tillet tentatum est quia ex Iure consultorum sententia Equites vbique in Imperio in alieno dominatu institui possunt For Creation of a knight thus much and as euery child knows in personall Creation only the being of knighthood is neither hath any man it otherwise Infanciones saith one t Mich. Molin ap Mennenium of Spain and Infancio is their hijdalgo i. a Gentleman perhaps from the German or Gothique Edeling or Etheling nascuntur apud nos Milites verò fiunt which you may applie to all States In elder times it was prouided in the Empire France and Spain that none should receiue this Order except hee were before in some degree of Ciuill Nobilitie A
that 's to bee vnderstood 149. 152. the apparition to him in his warres against Maxentius 160. See in Crosses and in Britons his law about marriage of his Nation 37 Constantine a name much affected in the Eastern Empire 76. The Turks call the old Emperors there Constantins 76. 77 Conuentus Parium in Fr. 250 Coronet See Crownes Corona Chorona whence 137 Counts See in Comites Palatij Counts Palatin 24â— whence the name 244. See in Palatin Cosmas sweaâ—ing by himselfe 66 Cossorassath for Cosroes Shach 110 Cornwall Duchie 178. 199 Cornwall and Deuonshire 201 Cral Cralna i. King Queene and Crol Crolna 45 Craunfeild 271 Crateuitz from Crates 78 Craig Eriry 215 Cretans alwaies liers why 12 Cro of Scotland 286 Cracouian Chastellan in Poland before the Palatin and why 249 Crimen Maiestatis 118. 121 Crosse on the Globe 159. when first vsd ibid. 160. how it was in the Emperors Diadems Standards and the like 160. 161. 162 forbiddeÌ„ to be made on the ground 162 Croissant of the Mahumedans whence 162. 163. seq Crowns the first Inuentor 136. 142 vsd anciently but to Gods 136 whence Corona 137. whether it were a royall distinction mongst the Gentiles before Christianitie 137. seq A disputation that it was not ibid. One giuen to Hippocrates of great value for helping the plague 137. Those in the Games c. ibid. 142. TriuÌ„phall Crowns 159. how they were in ancient Rome 139. 140 at Banquets 141. 142. whence the Crowns worne in the Olympians 142. Crown giuen by Alexander to Diogenes and by him to his sweet-heart 143. of leaues 145. 152. Crown Imperiall how it differs from that of other Princes 150. 151. Constantins first wearing a Crown 149. 152. Crowns of the Iewish Kings 152 the Crown of thorns 153. It was an ensigne of the German Empire See the Preface Crown Radiant of the Duke of Florence 153. First of the British or English Kings wearing a Crown 153. Crown of Scotland 153. First of the West-gothique Kings in Spain 153 See Diadem Crowns by louers set on their Mistresses dores and posts 136 Crowns for Dukes and who of them may weare them 194. 195. 196. 198. Of the Archduke 193 Bearing of Crowns on Armories 196. 206. 288 Crowns how their seuerall forme was in the Eastern Empire and how they came by coniecture to be so different mongst our dignities 197. 198. Crown of the Despot 172 Crown of Peacocks feathers 57 Crowns see Marquesse Earle and Vicount Crowning of the Rex Romanorum 170. 171 Culzum Denizi i. Mer de Bachu 106 Cut out of the wombe are sacred to Apollo 70 Cutberti Terra 248 Curis in Sabin 149 Cunegreuij 389 Cyrbasia 144 Cyprus Kingdome 29 Cynosura Princesse of the Notthern heauen 14 D DAnemark the Kingdome 29 Daniel named by Nabuchadnezar 66 Dates of Turks letters 101 Daulphin Daulphinè 172. the reason of the name 173. seq how the Daulphinè is next to Crown 173. Epitaph of Humbert Daulphin in Paris 174 Dea Syria Dij Syri 11 Defender of the faith 79 Dei gratia by what Princes vsed 116. anciently by Bishops Abbots Master of the Temple c. 116. 117 Despot what he was and how to be spoken to 122. 171. hee might weare Purple shooes 156. how he became the apparant heire 171 his Crown 172. 197 Delphinus See Daulphin Deuonshire Earle 236. those of Deuonshire in the Rereward anciently in Praefat. Degradation of Knights 337 Deputie of Ireland 57. 58 Dermut Mac Morrogh 57 Dhilkarnaijn See Alexander Diadem or Fillet 19. 20. it vsed mong the Europaeans before Alexander for a Note Royall 138 seq what kind of Diadem was Royall 143. 144. what it was 145. 147. 148. See in Crowns and in Tiar Digitus salutaris 40 Dionysius i. Bacchus deriu'd 45 Dignities when they began to be Feudall 189. 190 191. 192. 195. how they are taken after the death of the Ancestor in Spain 206. The dignities of the old Saxons 204. 225. See in Thanes 268. Of the Eastern Empire see in Despot Sebastocrator in Caesar in Panhypersebastus Great Duke in Duke Diogenes See in Crowns Districtuale 249 Doctors of the Ciuill Law to be calld Domini 55 Dominus how vsd or refusd mongst the Roman Emperors 47. seq See in Constantine A Sect that would not allow the word Lord or Dominus to any earthly Prince 49. The word vsd in salutation 47. 53. Tertullians conceit vpon the first occurrence of Dominus Deus in Genesis 50. and there the reason of the reading Dominus Deus Dominus Hiberniae 55. how the Title began 56. when altered 58. Dominus among the Chaliphs 111 Dominae to women 53. 54 Domna 52 Domnus 52 Doctor OmniuÌ„ Credentium 102 Dolphin See Daulphin Douze Paires 349 Droit de Police 266 Druides their sacrificing 10 Drichten i. Lord. 61 Ducatus Imperia a play 182 Duces Maiores Minores 207 Dukes whence their name 182. 183. seq 191. how the same anciently with Comes and how different 186. 187. 188. c. See Comes Whether a Duke anciently had XII or any certaine number of Counties vnder him 189. Inuestiture into a Dukedome ancient and late 191. 192. 195. 199. 200. 202. 207 A Duke to be made by the Archduke 193. Great Duke 193. 27. some Dukes as supreme Princes 120. 194. 195. 207. 383. 384. First Duke in France by distinct name 199. the Greatnes of the ancient Dukes there 195 196. 198. 206. First Duke in England 199. Dukes before the Normans 203. they were Earls 204. First Duke in Scotland 205. First Duke in Castile 205. supposed Reuenue Value and Releif of a Duke 232. Of Poland 240. See Magnus Dux Dukes in Genesis 208 Dux and Comes See Comes Dux Duces Limitum 183. 209. 213 Ducianum Iudicium 183 Ducales Tunicae 183 Ducall habit of the Archduke 193 Durham made a Countie Palatin 228. 247. called Cutberti Terra 248. See in Haliwerk and in Franchise Dublin See Robert of Veer Duell challenge to it in point of equalitie of dignitie 384 E EAgles born on the top of Scepters and why 155. on the Emperors shooes ibid. seq and more of them ibid. Earth and Water demanded in subiection required and a speciall disquisition about that custome 33 Earldome surrendred 231 Earles value 232. See in Comes c. before the Normans in England 203. 204. 225. Inuestiture of an Earle 222. 238. 239. his Coronet 198. 223. 239. 240. whence the name 223. by what seuerall names titled after the Normans 228. how their Territorie was a part of their name 229. 230. They had the third part of the profits of the Countie 231. 232. 233. the sword of the Countie giuen them 237. 238. It was douoted anciently if they might be summoned out of their Countie 234. Denominated from Towns 235. See Arundel Cheif Earle of England by new Creation 239. Of Poland 240 Ealdorman 204. his worth among the Saxons ibid. he
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian